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Difference between revisions of "Gérard Thibault d'Anvers"

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m (→‎Treatise: Some corrections to transcription and some grammatical corrections and improved minor points of translation for plates I to V)
m (→‎Treatise: Grammar and spelling corrections to plates I through VII.)
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|He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by subjugating the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, which shall be explained elsewhere.
+
|He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by dominating the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, which shall be explained elsewhere.
  
 
|Il avance le coſté droit du corps, menant egalement au meſme tēps le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee; dont il plante le pied ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. (non pas ſur la collaterale, comme il a fait en la demonſtration precedente) laiſſant trainer le pied gauche apres, ſur la ligne Pedale; & au meſme temps, il porte l’eſpee en avant droit à l’Ennemi, la mettant contre icelle en angle obtus, en dedans du bras, Nombre 5. contre Nombre 5, ſans faire aucun effort alencontre; s’appreſtant par ce moyen à marcher par deçà le Diametre, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance, comme il ſera declaré autrepart.
 
|Il avance le coſté droit du corps, menant egalement au meſme tēps le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee; dont il plante le pied ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. (non pas ſur la collaterale, comme il a fait en la demonſtration precedente) laiſſant trainer le pied gauche apres, ſur la ligne Pedale; & au meſme temps, il porte l’eſpee en avant droit à l’Ennemi, la mettant contre icelle en angle obtus, en dedans du bras, Nombre 5. contre Nombre 5, ſans faire aucun effort alencontre; s’appreſtant par ce moyen à marcher par deçà le Diametre, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance, comme il ſera declaré autrepart.
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| Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, when it comes to the question of skillful sword use, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to subjugate it, or force it aside, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease.
+
|Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, when it comes to the question of skillful sword use, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to subjugate it, or force it aside, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease.
  
| Touchant l’uſage des poſtures, j’eſtime, s’il eſt queſtion de tirer des armes par courtoiſie, celuy qui ſçaura bien preſenter la droite ligne, n’en avoir beſoin de nulle autre, pour ſa defenſe, ſi la defenſe depend deſ poſtures; voire qu’elle ſera baſtante à celuy, qui en ſçaura dextrement uſer, pour attendre, rabatre, & domter touts les plus rudes aſſauts, meſme du plus grād tireur d’armes, moyennant qu’il ne pratique que le vieil ſtile. Mais quand il ſeroit queſtion de tirer à bon, & ſur tout, quand il y iroit de la vie, il n’y a nulle garde, haute ne baſſe, longue ne courte, nulle poſture de corps, nulle tenue d’eſpee, & fuſt elle qualifiée de touts les avantages poſsibles, en laquelle on ſe doive arreſter pour attendre. Il eſt vray, que ce livre eſt grandement rempli des poſtures de la droite ligne; mais ce n’eſt que pour donner inſtrućtion. Quand ce viendra à l’a Pratique, je veux que noſtre Eſcholier abandonne tout celà; & qu’il tienne, quant à luy, la meſme contenance & les mines de ceux qui ſe donnent l’aſſaut à bon eſcient, ſoit que l’Ennemi ſe tienne arreſté en poſture, ſoit qu’il s’avance, ou qu’il travaille. Il continuera touſiours à cheminer, en uſant d’une demarche franche & naturelle, vers l’un ou l’autre des deux coſtez, fuyant ſur tout la ligne du Diametre, où le corps de l’Ennemi eſt dreſſé, & tenant perpetuellement, tant qu’il ſera poſsible, les corps, les diametres, inſtances, & mouvements en deſgalité. Car pour bien travailler ſur l’Adverſaire, il faut de l’avantage; & pour avoir de l’avantage il faut de la deſgalité; eſtant impoſſible qu’entre choſes egales, entant qu’egales, il y ait aucune prerogative. Si toſt qu’il viendra à meſure, il s’aſſeurera de l’eſpee contraire, en l’attaquant pour l’aſſujettir, ou obliger, ou en la couvrant, ou en tirant au long d’icelle des eſtocades de premiere intention, s’il en a la commodité; continuant touſiours ſa demarche ſans nulle interruption: vray eſt qu’il ſe comportera diverſement ſelon la diverſité des occaſions; mais jamais ne plantera les deux pieds enſemble en terre en forme de poſture, ſi ce n’eſt quand il ſe mettra dedans la ligne de l’eſpee contraire en lieu ſeur & libre, en executant au meſme temps le coup qui ſera donné ſelon l’exigence. Là luy eſt permis de rompre aucunement la courſe de ſes aćtions, mais point devant; à raiſon que le corps qui eſt en aćte de ſe mouvoir, eſt auſsi plus prompt à changer & accommoder ſes mouvements à toutes occaſions, que non pas quand il ſe tient arreſté en poſture. Car auſsi bien pour l’avoir à commandement, on eſt contraint de le met~re premierement en branſle, qui luy ſert d’une preparation pour ſe diſpoſer à ſe tourner, retourner, virer, & en ſomme à faire toutes ſes affaires avec viſteſſe, promptitude, & facilité requiſe.
+
|Touchant l’uſage des poſtures, j’eſtime, s’il eſt queſtion de tirer des armes par courtoiſie, celuy qui ſçaura bien preſenter la droite ligne, n’en avoir beſoin de nulle autre, pour ſa defenſe, ſi la defenſe depend deſ poſtures; voire qu’elle ſera baſtante à celuy, qui en ſçaura dextrement uſer, pour attendre, rabatre, & domter touts les plus rudes aſſauts, meſme du plus grād tireur d’armes, moyennant qu’il ne pratique que le vieil ſtile. Mais quand il ſeroit queſtion de tirer à bon, & ſur tout, quand il y iroit de la vie, il n’y a nulle garde, haute ne baſſe, longue ne courte, nulle poſture de corps, nulle tenue d’eſpee, & fuſt elle qualifiée de touts les avantages poſsibles, en laquelle on ſe doive arreſter pour attendre. Il eſt vray, que ce livre eſt grandement rempli des poſtures de la droite ligne; mais ce n’eſt que pour donner inſtrućtion. Quand ce viendra à l’a Pratique, je veux que noſtre Eſcholier abandonne tout celà; & qu’il tienne, quant à luy, la meſme contenance & les mines de ceux qui ſe donnent l’aſſaut à bon eſcient, ſoit que l’Ennemi ſe tienne arreſté en poſture, ſoit qu’il s’avance, ou qu’il travaille. Il continuera touſiours à cheminer, en uſant d’une demarche franche & naturelle, vers l’un ou l’autre des deux coſtez, fuyant ſur tout la ligne du Diametre, où le corps de l’Ennemi eſt dreſſé, & tenant perpetuellement, tant qu’il ſera poſsible, les corps, les diametres, inſtances, & mouvements en deſgalité. Car pour bien travailler ſur l’Adverſaire, il faut de l’avantage; & pour avoir de l’avantage il faut de la deſgalité; eſtant impoſſible qu’entre choſes egales, entant qu’egales, il y ait aucune prerogative. Si toſt qu’il viendra à meſure, il s’aſſeurera de l’eſpee contraire, en l’attaquant pour l’aſſujettir, ou obliger, ou en la couvrant, ou en tirant au long d’icelle des eſtocades de premiere intention, s’il en a la commodité; continuant touſiours ſa demarche ſans nulle interruption: vray eſt qu’il ſe comportera diverſement ſelon la diverſité des occaſions; mais jamais ne plantera les deux pieds enſemble en terre en forme de poſture, ſi ce n’eſt quand il ſe mettra dedans la ligne de l’eſpee contraire en lieu ſeur & libre, en executant au meſme temps le coup qui ſera donné ſelon l’exigence. Là luy eſt permis de rompre aucunement la courſe de ſes aćtions, mais point devant; à raiſon que le corps qui eſt en aćte de ſe mouvoir, eſt auſsi plus prompt à changer & accommoder ſes mouvements à toutes occaſions, que non pas quand il ſe tient arreſté en poſture. Car auſsi bien pour l’avoir à commandement, on eſt contraint de le met~re premierement en branſle, qui luy ſert d’une preparation pour ſe diſpoſer à ſe tourner, retourner, virer, & en ſomme à faire toutes ſes affaires avec viſteſſe, promptitude, & facilité requiſe.
  
 
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate VI
 
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|''Alexander must work against the Direct Line posture, after he has moved to the First Instance, he raises his right foot, together with the tip of his blade, crossing swords with his 8th Span against his opponent’s 3rd Span, with a subtle pause of the body, intending to cast his opponent’s blade aside in the Second Instance.''
+
|''Alexander must work against the Direct Line posture, after he has moved to the First Instance, he raises his right foot, together with the tip of his blade, crossing swords with his 8th Span against his opponent’s 3rd Span, with a subtle pause of the body, intending to subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance.''
  
 
|''Alexandre ayant à travailler ſur la poſture de la Droite ligne, apres eſtre venu à la Premiere Inſtance, il level le pied droit, enſemble avec la pointe de ſa lame, en accouplant les eſpees en dedans du bras, Nombre 3, à Nombre 8, avec un arreſt du corps fort ſubtil, en intention d’aſſujettir ſon Contraire à la Seconde Inſtance.''
 
|''Alexandre ayant à travailler ſur la poſture de la Droite ligne, apres eſtre venu à la Premiere Inſtance, il level le pied droit, enſemble avec la pointe de ſa lame, en accouplant les eſpees en dedans du bras, Nombre 3, à Nombre 8, avec un arreſt du corps fort ſubtil, en intention d’aſſujettir ſon Contraire à la Seconde Inſtance.''
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|Alexander has arrived at the First Instance, and plans to cast his adversary’s sword aside when he moves to the Second Instance, along the Oblique Diameter. To do this, as he begins his move, he raises his right foot, keeping the knee straight, without making any general movement of his body, or of his arm, except a rotation of the wrist to raise his tip up, contacting the inside of his opponents sword at the 3rd Span with the 8th Span of his own, with a slight pause of his body, very subtle and imperceptible because it lasts no longer that the time it takes to raise his tip and make contact with the sword, just in case his Adversary tries to hit him with a thrust, high or low, inside or outside. At that very instant he has his right foot ready and he is able to set it down wherever he needs.
+
|Alexander has arrived at the First Instance, and plans to subjugate his adversary’s sword when he moves to the Second Instance, along the Oblique Diameter. To do this, as he begins his move, he raises his right foot, keeping the knee straight, without making any general movement of his body, or of his arm, except a small bend of the wrist to raise his tip up, contacting the inside of his opponents sword at the 3rd Span with the 8th Span of his own, with a slight pause of his body, very subtle and imperceptible because it lasts no longer that the time it takes to raise his tip and make contact with the sword, just in case his Adversary tries to hit him with a thrust, high or low, inside or outside. At that very instant he has his right foot ready and he is able to set it down wherever he needs.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> eſtant arrivé à la Premiere Inſtance, ſe propoſe d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde, par deçà le Diametre, Et pour ce faire, en commençant à travailler, il leve le pied droit, avec le genouil roide, ſans aucun mouvement general du corps, ny du bras in particulier; ſinon que par quelque petite accomodation du poignet, il fait monter ſa poinćte en haut, en touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pauſe du corps, tres-ſubtile & fort difficile à recognoiſtre, parce qu’elle ne doit durer non plus, que l’aſcenſion de la poinćte, & l’inſtant de l’attouchement des eſpees, afin que s’il advenoit d’aventure, que l’Adverſaire entreprinſt de luy vouloir tirer au meſme inſtant quelque eſtocade, haute, ou baſſe, en dedans, ou en dehors, qu’il euſt le pied droit tout preſt, & à commandement pour le planter ſelon l’exigence.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> eſtant arrivé à la Premiere Inſtance, ſe propoſe d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde, par deçà le Diametre, Et pour ce faire, en commençant à travailler, il leve le pied droit, avec le genouil roide, ſans aucun mouvement general du corps, ny du bras in particulier; ſinon que par quelque petite accomodation du poignet, il fait monter ſa poinćte en haut, en touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pauſe du corps, tres-ſubtile & fort difficile à recognoiſtre, parce qu’elle ne doit durer non plus, que l’aſcenſion de la poinćte, & l’inſtant de l’attouchement des eſpees, afin que s’il advenoit d’aventure, que l’Adverſaire entreprinſt de luy vouloir tirer au meſme inſtant quelque eſtocade, haute, ou baſſe, en dedans, ou en dehors, qu’il euſt le pied droit tout preſt, & à commandement pour le planter ſelon l’exigence.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This is the beginning of all the actions in this table and should be studied closely, each and every time it is a question of casting a blade aside, whether to the inside or to the outside. Since the interval between C and the Second Instance, whether to one side or the other is a quite large step to take, and to take it, one must have the initiative in both time and movement. I would say it is quite noticeable and obvious, if one tries to do this in one single motion without out the pause, that the Enemy will observe the beginnings of this action and can interrupt it very advantageously, and while performing his own counerattack. All of which can be prevented by means of this raising of the right foot and adding this pause. Of this we shall see several proofs in this book and singularly in the next Plate VII.
+
|This is the first entry into all the actions in this Plate and should be very carefully performed, each and every time it is a question of subjugating a blade, whether to the inside or to the outside. Since the interval between C and the Second Instance, whether to one side or the other is a quite large step to take, and to take it, one must have the initiative in both time and movement. I would say it is quite noticeable and obvious, if one tries to do this in one single motion without out the pause, that the Enemy will observe the beginnings of this action and can interrupt it very advantageously, and while performing his own counerattack. All of which can be prevented by means of this raising of the right foot and adding this pause. Of this we shall see several proofs in this book and singularly in the next Plate VII.
  
 
|Voilà la premiere entree de toutes les operations du Tableau, laquelle il faudra fort curieuſement obſerver, toutes & quantes fois qu’il ſera queſtion d’aſſujettir la lame, ſoit par dedans, ou par dehors. Car l’intervalle, qui eſt depuis la lettre C juſqu’à la Seconde Inſtance, tant de l’un coſté que de l’autre, c’eſt une grande eſpace de chemin, & pour l’achever, il faut que le temps & le mouvement ſoit auſſi à l’advenant. Ie veux dire, qu’il ſera ſi notoire & manifeſte, ſi on entreprend de l’accomplir en un ſeul temps ſans la ſuſdite pauſe, que l’Ennemi en obſervant les commencements de l’operation, la pourra deſtourber fort avantageuſement, & avec apparence de mettre ſon entreprinſe à execution. Ce qu’on pourra prevenir par le moyen de ceſte eſlevation du pied droit, & de la pauſe annexe: dequoy on verra pluſieurs preuves en ce Livre, & ſingulierement au prochain Tableau VII.
 
|Voilà la premiere entree de toutes les operations du Tableau, laquelle il faudra fort curieuſement obſerver, toutes & quantes fois qu’il ſera queſtion d’aſſujettir la lame, ſoit par dedans, ou par dehors. Car l’intervalle, qui eſt depuis la lettre C juſqu’à la Seconde Inſtance, tant de l’un coſté que de l’autre, c’eſt une grande eſpace de chemin, & pour l’achever, il faut que le temps & le mouvement ſoit auſſi à l’advenant. Ie veux dire, qu’il ſera ſi notoire & manifeſte, ſi on entreprend de l’accomplir en un ſeul temps ſans la ſuſdite pauſe, que l’Ennemi en obſervant les commencements de l’operation, la pourra deſtourber fort avantageuſement, & avec apparence de mettre ſon entreprinſe à execution. Ce qu’on pourra prevenir par le moyen de ceſte eſlevation du pied droit, & de la pauſe annexe: dequoy on verra pluſieurs preuves en ce Livre, & ſingulierement au prochain Tableau VII.
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|''Zachary continues to maintain his posture; Alexander continues to force the sword aside, carrying his right foot towards the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact up the sword, followed by a slight halt of the foot, while he makes sure of his superior position, and, having put his foot down at G, he brings the other along in a slow, circular motion to the Circumscribed Square at the Oblique Diameter.''
+
|''Zachary continues to maintain his posture; Alexander continues to subjugate the sword, moving his right foot towards the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact up the sword, followed by a slight halt of the foot, while he makes sure of his superior position, and, having put his foot down at G, he brings the other along in a slow, circular motion to the Circumscribed Square at the Oblique Diameter.''
  
 
|''Puis que Zacharie continue à ſe tenir en la poſture; Alexandre pourſuit à luy aſsujettir l’eſpee, en portant le pied droit devers la Seconde Inſtance, avec deſgraduation, ſuivie d’un petit arreſt du pied, durant lequel il prend l’aſſeurance de la ſuperiorité, & ayant mis ledit pied baſtivement à terre à lettre G, il porte l’autre apres lent & circulairement juſqu’à le mettre ſur le Quarré circonſcrit & ſur le Diametre oblique.''
 
|''Puis que Zacharie continue à ſe tenir en la poſture; Alexandre pourſuit à luy aſsujettir l’eſpee, en portant le pied droit devers la Seconde Inſtance, avec deſgraduation, ſuivie d’un petit arreſt du pied, durant lequel il prend l’aſſeurance de la ſuperiorité, & ayant mis ledit pied baſtivement à terre à lettre G, il porte l’autre apres lent & circulairement juſqu’à le mettre ſur le Quarré circonſcrit & ſur le Diametre oblique.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Zachary made no movement against the preceeding action, and so waits, alert, waiting to see what follows. Alexander stays on his left foot and advances his right foot towards the Second Instance, sliding his sword up his adversary’s blade so that his 8th Span now contacts the 5th Span of his adversary’s blade, and pauses for a slight moment. When his body, travelling over and carrying the blades forward reaches the edge of his balance and is at the point of tripping, he hastily puts his right foot down at the Second Instance, his toes on the letter G, and his heel along the line of the Inside Square. He instantly follows this by raising his left foot and advancing it deliberately in a circular path and finally places it parallel to the right foot, with the toes where the Oblique Diameter crosses the Circumference and heels along the Outside Square at the letter D. From this pose, he draws his left side slightly forward, and the heel of his right foot naturally slides inwards onto the Colateral G-M in such a way as to naturally straighten his body, to stand easily, legs straight, to maintain a sense of contact and be able to swiftly respond and defend against an attack.
+
|Zachary made no movement against the preceeding action, and so waits, alert, waiting to see what follows. Alexander stays on his left foot and advances his right foot towards the Second Instance, sliding his sword up his adversary’s blade so that his 8th Span now contacts the 5th Span of his adversary’s blade, and pauses for a slight moment. When his body, moving along and pushing the blades before him, reaches the point of overbalancing, he hastily puts his right foot down at the Second Instance, his toes on the letter G, and his heel along the line of the Inside Square. He instantly follows this by raising his left foot and advancing it deliberately in a circular path and finally places it parallel to the right foot, with the toes where the Oblique Diameter crosses the Circumference and heels along the Outside Square at the letter D. From this pose, he draws his left side slightly forward, and the heel of his right foot naturally slides inwards onto the Colateral G-M in such a way as to naturally straighten his body, to stand easily, legs straight, to maintain a sense of contact and be able to swiftly respond and defend against an attack.
  
 
|Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ne fait aucun mouvemēt contre l’aćtion precedente, ains qu’il demerure ſur la parade, en attendant la pourſuite; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> demeure ſur le pied gauche, & avance un peu le droit devers la Seconde Inſtance, graduant les eſpees de telle ſorte, qu’il met ſon Nombre 8. contre le Nombre 5. de ſa partie adverſe, peu plus ou moins, avec une petite pauſe. Et quand le corps, en cheminant, & tranſportant à l’advenāt les eſpees, vient ſur le point de tresbuſcher, il plante haſtivement le pied à la Seconde Inſtance, les orteils à la lettre G, & le talon ſur le meſme coſté du Quarré inſcrit; pourſuivant à eſlever tout à l’inſtant le pied gauche, & à l’advancer lentement & circulairement, & de le planter finalement parallel avec le pied droit, les orteils ſur le Diametre Oblique, & le talon ſur la lettre D; par laquelle collocation des pieds le coſté gauche du corps eſt tiré un peu en avāt, & le talon du pied droit ſemblablement s’en gliſſe en dedans ſur la collaterale GM. de façon qu’elle met le corps naturellement droit, & à ſon aiſe, avec les jambes roides, pour avoir le ſentiment plus exaćte, & pour eſtre plus prompt à travailler ſelon qu’il ſera de beſoing pour ſa defenſe.
 
|Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ne fait aucun mouvemēt contre l’aćtion precedente, ains qu’il demerure ſur la parade, en attendant la pourſuite; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> demeure ſur le pied gauche, & avance un peu le droit devers la Seconde Inſtance, graduant les eſpees de telle ſorte, qu’il met ſon Nombre 8. contre le Nombre 5. de ſa partie adverſe, peu plus ou moins, avec une petite pauſe. Et quand le corps, en cheminant, & tranſportant à l’advenāt les eſpees, vient ſur le point de tresbuſcher, il plante haſtivement le pied à la Seconde Inſtance, les orteils à la lettre G, & le talon ſur le meſme coſté du Quarré inſcrit; pourſuivant à eſlever tout à l’inſtant le pied gauche, & à l’advancer lentement & circulairement, & de le planter finalement parallel avec le pied droit, les orteils ſur le Diametre Oblique, & le talon ſur la lettre D; par laquelle collocation des pieds le coſté gauche du corps eſt tiré un peu en avāt, & le talon du pied droit ſemblablement s’en gliſſe en dedans ſur la collaterale GM. de façon qu’elle met le corps naturellement droit, & à ſon aiſe, avec les jambes roides, pour avoir le ſentiment plus exaćte, & pour eſtre plus prompt à travailler ſelon qu’il ſera de beſoing pour ſa defenſe.
Line 3,509: Line 3,509:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary awaits the follow-up to being pushed aside; Alexander will strike with a thrust, sliding up and trapping his blade while his right foot falls to the ground and while he moves his left foot quickly and in a circular motion forward to the letter K. He then adjusts himself to stand erect, body slightly forward as he brings his tip up in a circular motion, keeping his arm straight, until the tip is in front of his adversary’s face.''
+
|''Zachary awaits the follow-up to being subjugated; Alexander will strike with a thrust, sliding the point of contact up the blade and trapping it while his right foot falls to the ground. And, while he moves his left foot quickly and in a circular motion forward to the letter K, he stands erect on his right foot, body slightly forward as he brings his tip up in a circular motion, keeping his arm straight, until the tip is in front of his adversary’s face.''
  
 
|''Zacharie attendant la pourſuite de l’aſsujettiſſement; Alexandre luy va tirer une eſtocade, en graduant & enſerrant ſa lame, durant que le pied droit tombe à terre, & durant qu’il continue à porter le pied gauche aſſez viſte & un peu circulairement en avant ſur la lettre K, il ſe dreſſe le corps deſsus, un peu de front, conduiſant cependent ſa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide juſqu’à devant le viſage de ſa partie adverſe.''
 
|''Zacharie attendant la pourſuite de l’aſsujettiſſement; Alexandre luy va tirer une eſtocade, en graduant & enſerrant ſa lame, durant que le pied droit tombe à terre, & durant qu’il continue à porter le pied gauche aſſez viſte & un peu circulairement en avant ſur la lettre K, il ſe dreſſe le corps deſsus, un peu de front, conduiſant cependent ſa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide juſqu’à devant le viſage de ſa partie adverſe.''
Line 3,515: Line 3,515:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|While Zachary’s sword has been pushed aside (which is to his adversary’s advantage), if he simply waits, figuring that he only needs to bring the sword in line with the Collateral G-X, and push it forward. His opponent must bypass the strong part of his blade, he can meet this with his strong part and take the direct line, and only needs to prevent his opponent’s move with a counter-thrust. This is his plan.
+
|Since Zachary’s sword has been subjugated, (which is to his adversary’s advantage) if Alexander does not allow Zachary to wait for him, Zachary assumes that Alexander will follow on by pushing his sword straight towards him, along the Collateral G-X. His opponent must pass by the strong part of his blade and he would meet it very aptly by taking the direct line, and only needs to prevent his opponent’s move with a counter-thrust. Such is his plan.
 +
 
  
 
|Encores que l’eſpee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſoit aſſujettie, (qui eſt un grand avantage pour ſon Contraire) ſi ne laiſſe il pas pourtant de l’attendre, eſtimant qu’il en fera la pourſuite par la trace de la ligne Collateralle GX, en pouſſant l’eſpee droitement ſur luy; laquelle eſtant contrainte de paſſer par le fort de la ſienne, il la rencontreroit fort à propos, en prennant la droite ligne, & ne faudroit à prevenir ſon Contraire au meſme temps d’un contrecoup d’eſtocade. Voila donc ſon intention.
 
|Encores que l’eſpee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſoit aſſujettie, (qui eſt un grand avantage pour ſon Contraire) ſi ne laiſſe il pas pourtant de l’attendre, eſtimant qu’il en fera la pourſuite par la trace de la ligne Collateralle GX, en pouſſant l’eſpee droitement ſur luy; laquelle eſtant contrainte de paſſer par le fort de la ſienne, il la rencontreroit fort à propos, en prennant la droite ligne, & ne faudroit à prevenir ſon Contraire au meſme temps d’un contrecoup d’eſtocade. Voila donc ſon intention.
Line 3,532: Line 3,533:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary parries the previous thrust to the inside with medium force. Alexander switches to stab, by stepping forward with the left side while bending his arm, so he continues to hold his point in front of Zachary’s face.''
+
|''Zachary parries the previous thrust to the inside with medium force. Alexander switches to a bent-arm thrust, by stepping forward with the left side while bending his arm, so he continues to hold his point in front of Zachary’s face.''
 +
|''Zacharie parant le coup de l’eſtocade precedente en dedans, avec un poids mediocre; Alexandre la change en Imbrocade, ſe mettant le coſté gauche du corps devant avec le bras courbé, en ſorte qu’il continue à luy tenir la pointe arreſtée devant le viſage.''
  
|''Zacharie parant le coup de l’eſtocade precedente en dedans, avec un poids mediocre; Alexandre la change en Imbrocade, ſe mettant le coſté gauche du corps devant avec le bras courbé, en ſorte qu’il continue à luy tenir la pointe arreſtée devant le viſage.''
 
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Zachary sees the tip of his opponent’s blade in front of his face and uses moderate force to parry it away to his left. Alexander feels this and in response, he instantly lifts his left foot and tilts the branches of his crosspiece inwards so the tip of his blade stays in front of his adversary’s face. Before moving the sword, he adjusts the angle of his position by moving his left side forwards, setting his foot down at the letter S, the heel along the Exterior Transverse, and bending the elbow, all at the same time. He continues to tilt the crossguard so the external branch points diagonally upwards and inwards, and slides his sword so the weak of his opponent’s blade is caught and trapped between the exterior branch of the crossguard and the strong of his own blade. Again, with an elegant motion, he puts the tip of his blade in front of his adversary’s eyes, with a bent arm, leaning forward, left knee slightly bent.
+
|Zachary sees the tip of his opponent’s blade in front of his face and uses light force to parry it away to his left. Alexander feels this and in response, he instantly lifts his left foot and tilts the branches of his crosspiece inwards so the tip of his blade stays in front of his adversary’s face. He adjusts his next actions to the parry of his sword to the side, and by this means moves himself inside the angle of the swords by, at the same time, turning his left side forwards, setting his foot down at the letter S, the heel along the Exterior Transverse, and bending his right elbow. He continues to tilt the crossguard so much that the external branch points diagonally upwards and inwards, and slides the point of contact of his sword so the weak of his opponent’s blade is caught and trapped between the exterior branch of the crossguard and the strong of his own blade. Again, he very precisely puts the tip of his blade in front of his adversary’s eyes, with a bent arm, leaning forward, left knee slightly bent.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſe voyant la pointe contraire devant le viſage, il la pare en dedans du bras devers le coſté gauche, en uſant d’un poids mediocre. Ce qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit par le ſentiment dont il leve au meſme inſtant le pied gauche, & en tournant les branches de ſa garde en dedans, tellement que ſa pointe demeure continuellement devant le coſté droit du viſage de ſa partie adverſe; accommodant ſes aćtions à l’advenant du tranſport de ſon eſpee, & ſe mettant par ainſi dedans les angles avec le coſté gauche devant, en avançant & poſant le pied à terre à la lettre S, le talon d’iceluy ſur la traverſante exterieure, & pourſuivant à courber au meſme inſtant le bras, & à tourner les branches de ſa garde ſi avant, que l’exterieure s’en tourne diagonalement en dedans; de façon que le foible de l’eſpee contraire ſe gliſſe au fort de la ſienne entre deux la lame & la branche: dont it la prend & enſerre au meſme temps, & derechef en uſant de courtoiſie, il luy preſente la pointe devant les yeux en ligne courbe, panchant du corps en avant, avec le genouil de la jambe gauche plié.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſe voyant la pointe contraire devant le viſage, il la pare en dedans du bras devers le coſté gauche, en uſant d’un poids mediocre. Ce qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit par le ſentiment dont il leve au meſme inſtant le pied gauche, & en tournant les branches de ſa garde en dedans, tellement que ſa pointe demeure continuellement devant le coſté droit du viſage de ſa partie adverſe; accommodant ſes aćtions à l’advenant du tranſport de ſon eſpee, & ſe mettant par ainſi dedans les angles avec le coſté gauche devant, en avançant & poſant le pied à terre à la lettre S, le talon d’iceluy ſur la traverſante exterieure, & pourſuivant à courber au meſme inſtant le bras, & à tourner les branches de ſa garde ſi avant, que l’exterieure s’en tourne diagonalement en dedans; de façon que le foible de l’eſpee contraire ſe gliſſe au fort de la ſienne entre deux la lame & la branche: dont it la prend & enſerre au meſme temps, & derechef en uſant de courtoiſie, il luy preſente la pointe devant les yeux en ligne courbe, panchant du corps en avant, avec le genouil de la jambe gauche plié.
Line 3,549: Line 3,550:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary continues his parry further away. Alexander lets him carry the two swords, angling even further around, right foot raised, and the crosspiece turned back vertically.''
+
|''Zachary continues to parry further away. Alexander lets him move the two swords, putting himself further forward into the angle, right foot raised, and the crosspiece turned vertically.''
  
 
|''Zacharie continuant à parer plus outre; Alexandre luy laiſſe emporter les eſpees, ſe mettant plus avant dedans l’angle, avec le pied droit levé, & la branche interieure de la garde tournée verticalement.''
 
|''Zacharie continuant à parer plus outre; Alexandre luy laiſſe emporter les eſpees, ſe mettant plus avant dedans l’angle, avec le pied droit levé, & la branche interieure de la garde tournée verticalement.''
 
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Zachary continues his parry, turning his opponent’s sword even further away, dropping his arm slightly downwards. Alexander feels this and at the same moment raises his right foot, and moves his whole right side, including his arm, forward, straightening himself up, pivoting on his left foot, and twisting his wrist so the inside branch of his crosspiece points vertically upwards, while allowing his blade to slide up his opponent’s while turning, until the tips are near each other, as shown in the figure.
+
|Zachary continues his parry, turning his opponent’s sword even further aside, dropping his arm slightly to the same side. Alexander feels this and at that same moment raises his right foot, and moves his whole right side, including his arm and sword, forward, straightening himself up, pivoting on his left foot, and twisting his wrist so the inside branch of his crosspiece points vertically upwards. Thus the tip of his sword falls slightly backwards, as the point of contact slides down the swords, until the tips are nearly together, as shown in the figure.
  
 
|Zacharie continuant à parer, en deſtournant l’eſpee contraire encores plus outre, avec un petit abaiſſement du bras devers le meſme coſté; Alexandre s’en apperçoit par le ſentiment, & leve à l’inſtant meſme le pied droit, lequel il avance enſemble avec le meſme coſté, bras, & eſpee, tournant cependant la branche interieure verticalement en haut: dont la pointe s’en eſcoule avec deſgraduation des deux eſpees un peu en arriere, bien pres à egal de la pointe contraire; le tout en tournant & dreſſant le corps droit ſur la jambe gauche: comme on voit en la figure.
 
|Zacharie continuant à parer, en deſtournant l’eſpee contraire encores plus outre, avec un petit abaiſſement du bras devers le meſme coſté; Alexandre s’en apperçoit par le ſentiment, & leve à l’inſtant meſme le pied droit, lequel il avance enſemble avec le meſme coſté, bras, & eſpee, tournant cependant la branche interieure verticalement en haut: dont la pointe s’en eſcoule avec deſgraduation des deux eſpees un peu en arriere, bien pres à egal de la pointe contraire; le tout en tournant & dreſſant le corps droit ſur la jambe gauche: comme on voit en la figure.
Line 3,567: Line 3,567:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander disengages his blade and delivers a cut to his opponent’s face as he steps across and to the side, behind him.''
+
|''Alexander disengages his blade and delivers a cut across his opponent’s face as he steps across and to the side, behind him.''
  
 
|''Alexandre desgage ſa lame, & en donne un coup d’eſtramaçon au viſage de l’Adverſaire, en paſſant à ſon coſté, & luy venant derriere le dos.''
 
|''Alexandre desgage ſa lame, & en donne un coup d’eſtramaçon au viſage de l’Adverſaire, en paſſant à ſon coſté, & luy venant derriere le dos.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander follows this, continuing to pivot on his left foot, stepping across with his right foot, turning to the left, while, at the same time, he slips his sword out from under his opponent’s, by allowing his thumb, which was pressed against the crosspiece, to slide against the crosspiece, turning his wrist over, and moving the tip up from beneath his opponent’s sword, and moving in more forward and to the side by leaning his body, and, going outside the Circle, cuts across his opponent’s face.
+
|Alexander follows this action, by continuing to turn his right side forwards, along with his sword arm, which he brings, at the same time, from beneath his opponents sword, by allowing his thumb, which was pressed against the crosspiece, to slide under, in such a way that his grip encircles the handle and puts the sword edge ready to cut, he raises his sword-tip up from beneath his opponent’s sword, and enters further in to the side, leaning slightly, stepping outsided the circle, and gives his opponent a cut across the face.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> pourſuit l’operation, en continuant à tourner le coſté droit devant, enſemble avec le bras de l’eſpee, laquelle il delivre au meſme tēps à la faveur du poignet de la main de deſſous l’eſpee contraire, en laiſſant gliſſer le poulce, qui eſtoit affermi contre la branche interieure, deſſous, de ſorte qu’il en entoure au meſme inſtant la poignee, & en mettant l’eſpee ſur le trenchant, il en conduit la pointe en haut par deſſus l’eſpee contraire, & en entrant plus avant à coſté avec quelque panchement du corps, allant dehors le Cercle, il en donne à ſon Contraire un coup d’eſtramaçon au viſage.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> pourſuit l’operation, en continuant à tourner le coſté droit devant, enſemble avec le bras de l’eſpee, laquelle il delivre au meſme tēps à la faveur du poignet de la main de deſſous l’eſpee contraire, en laiſſant gliſſer le poulce, qui eſtoit affermi contre la branche interieure, deſſous, de ſorte qu’il en entoure au meſme inſtant la poignee, & en mettant l’eſpee ſur le trenchant, il en conduit la pointe en haut par deſſus l’eſpee contraire, & en entrant plus avant à coſté avec quelque panchement du corps, allant dehors le Cercle, il en donne à ſon Contraire un coup d’eſtramaçon au viſage.
Line 3,591: Line 3,591:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Then, as he is leaning forward, he follows with a second cut, as follows: he lightly pushes off the ground with his left foot to straighten up, and uses this to pivot around on his right foot, so that, by raising the sword above his shoulder, keeping the hand forward and the tip raised behind him, he turns around to face his opponent, ready to strike while stepping forward with his left foot. (See Circle No 7.) Or he can put his blade in front of the right side of his opponent’s face and again raise it circularly about his opponent’s head, as he puts his foot down behind him a little off to the side. Then he again bends his forward knee to put his weight on it, with his arm and sword extended upwards at an acute angle, just as in the preceeding action, and which will be further explored in subsequent Plates, where it will be repeated.
+
|Then, as he is leaning forward, he follows with a second cut, as follows: he lightly pushes off the ground with his left foot to straighten up, and uses this to pivot around on his right foot, so that, by raising the sword above his shoulder, keeping the hand forward and the tip raised behind him, he turns around to face his opponent, ready to strike while stepping forward with his left foot. (See Circle No 7.) Or he can put his blade in front of the right side of his opponent’s face and again raise it circularly about his opponent’s head, as he puts his foot down behind him a little off to the side. Then he again bends his forward knee to put his weight on it, with his arm and sword extended upwards at an acute angle, just as in the preceeding action, and which will be further explored in subsequent Plates, where, when the question arises, we will repeat this again, and give a more ample discussiona.
  
 
|Puis eſtant ainſi avec le corps panché en avant, il pourſuivera d’en tirer encor un redoublement d’eſtramaçon, en la maniere ſuivante: c’eſt qu’il fera du pied gauche un petit pouſſement contre la terre, pour ſe redreſſer, & volter à l’aide d’iceluy ſur le pied droit, en telle ſorte, qu’en hauſſant l’eſpee par deſſus ſon eſpaule, la main quelque peu avancée, & la pointe montant en derriere le dos, il ſe tournera de front contre ſa partie adverſe, tout preſt à luy donner le coup avec l’avancement du pied gauche; ou à luy preſenter la lame devant le coſté droit du viſage, & à la monter derechef circulairement alentour de la teſte contraire, au temps qu’il plantera le pied derriere luy un peu à quartier; en apres il pliera derechef le genou de devant pour faire la charge du corps deſſus, avec le bras & l’eſpee pareillement eſtendus en angle aigu, tout ainſi qu’en l’operation precedente, & comme il en ſera parlé plus particulairement en d’autres Tableaux, où il ſera queſtion de la repeter, & d’en faire plus ample declaration.
 
|Puis eſtant ainſi avec le corps panché en avant, il pourſuivera d’en tirer encor un redoublement d’eſtramaçon, en la maniere ſuivante: c’eſt qu’il fera du pied gauche un petit pouſſement contre la terre, pour ſe redreſſer, & volter à l’aide d’iceluy ſur le pied droit, en telle ſorte, qu’en hauſſant l’eſpee par deſſus ſon eſpaule, la main quelque peu avancée, & la pointe montant en derriere le dos, il ſe tournera de front contre ſa partie adverſe, tout preſt à luy donner le coup avec l’avancement du pied gauche; ou à luy preſenter la lame devant le coſté droit du viſage, & à la monter derechef circulairement alentour de la teſte contraire, au temps qu’il plantera le pied derriere luy un peu à quartier; en apres il pliera derechef le genou de devant pour faire la charge du corps deſſus, avec le bras & l’eſpee pareillement eſtendus en angle aigu, tout ainſi qu’en l’operation precedente, & comme il en ſera parlé plus particulairement en d’autres Tableaux, où il ſera queſtion de la repeter, & d’en faire plus ample declaration.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Here, again, we have the same second cut, which differs from the previous description only in that one was made against an enemy who had stayed still and not moved at all. But in Circle No 7, at the instant that Alexander raises his left foot and begins to turn about on his right foot, the Enemy also spins on his right foot, barely moving his left foot from its place, and bending his arm to bring his sword up and over in front of him, to put it between himself and Alexander. Alexander sees this, before he can complete the mouvement, he cuts him in the face. Or he gracefully puts his blade in front of Zachary’s eyes, then sets his left foot down towards his enemy, as is shown in the image.
+
|Here, again, we have the same second cut, which differs from the previous description only in that one was made against an enemy who had stayed still and not moved at all. But in Circle No 7, at the instant that Alexander raises his left foot and begins to turn about on his right foot, the Enemy also spins on his right foot, barely moving his left foot from its place, and bending his arm to bring his sword up and over in front of him, to put it between himself and Alexander. Alexander sees this, before he can complete the mouvement, he cuts him in the face. Or he carefully puts his blade in front of Zachary’s eyes, then sets his left foot down towards his enemy, as is shown in the image.
  
 
|Voicy encor le meſme eſtramaçon redoublé, qui  ne differre qu’un bien peu d’avec celuy que nous venons de deſcrire: c’eſt aſſavoir que ceſtuy-là a eſté donné ſur l’Ennemy qui ne bouge point un rien de ſa place. Mais en ce Cercle N.7. à l’inſtant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à faire la volte du corps ſur le pied droit, en eſlevant le gauche; l’Ennemy ſe tourne pareillement ſur ſes pieds, ne bougeant qu’un bien peu de ſa place à tout le pied gauche, en avançant l’eſpee devers luy avec le bras courbe. Ce que voyant Alexandre, avant qu’il ait parachevé le mouvement, il luy donne le coup au viſage: ou bien, il luy met la lame devant les yeux en courtoiſie, plantant conſecutivement le pied gauche en terre devers l’Ennemy; comme on le voit pourtrait en la figure.
 
|Voicy encor le meſme eſtramaçon redoublé, qui  ne differre qu’un bien peu d’avec celuy que nous venons de deſcrire: c’eſt aſſavoir que ceſtuy-là a eſté donné ſur l’Ennemy qui ne bouge point un rien de ſa place. Mais en ce Cercle N.7. à l’inſtant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à faire la volte du corps ſur le pied droit, en eſlevant le gauche; l’Ennemy ſe tourne pareillement ſur ſes pieds, ne bougeant qu’un bien peu de ſa place à tout le pied gauche, en avançant l’eſpee devers luy avec le bras courbe. Ce que voyant Alexandre, avant qu’il ait parachevé le mouvement, il luy donne le coup au viſage: ou bien, il luy met la lame devant les yeux en courtoiſie, plantant conſecutivement le pied gauche en terre devers l’Ennemy; comme on le voit pourtrait en la figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander again moves to thrust from the Third Instance, the same as in Cercle No 3. Zachary parries to the inside, but with more force than he does in Circle No 4. Thus Alexander is constrained to follow the force against his sword, moving towards the centre to L, and adjusting his left side to allow him to stab.''
+
|''Alexander again moves to thrust from the Third Instance, the same as in Cercle No 3. Zachary parries to the inside, but with more force than he does in Circle No 4. Thus Alexander is constrained to follow the force against his sword, moving towards the centre to L, and adjusting his left side to allow him to give hime a bent-arm thrust.''
  
 
|''Alexandre tirant encores l’eſtocade à la Troiſieme Inſtance, tout de meſme le Cercle N.3; Zacharie la deſtourne en dedans du bras, mais avec plus de force, qu’il ne fit au Cercle N.4. Dont Alexandre eſt contraint de ſeconder le tranſport des eſpees, en allant devers le Centre juſqu’à L, & accommodant le corps avec le coſté gauche pour luy donner l’imbrocade.''
 
|''Alexandre tirant encores l’eſtocade à la Troiſieme Inſtance, tout de meſme le Cercle N.3; Zacharie la deſtourne en dedans du bras, mais avec plus de force, qu’il ne fit au Cercle N.4. Dont Alexandre eſt contraint de ſeconder le tranſport des eſpees, en allant devers le Centre juſqu’à L, & accommodant le corps avec le coſté gauche pour luy donner l’imbrocade.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This stab comes from the advantage of the sword being cast aside, as shown in Circle No 2. While he is moving again to thrust from the Third Instance, at the instant his foot comes down to step on the letter N, Zachary defends himself and moves the sword forcefully away to the inside. Alexander recognizes this from the feel, and, from the beginning, makes use of the resistance to slow his movement, while he quickly moves his left foot across close to his right foot, as if making a dance move. Then he straightens up, by raising the right foot and moving it quickly along the Perpendicular Diameter to the letter L, remembering to turn and adjust his hand according to the movement of the swords. He then leans slightly to the right side and puts his weight on his right foot, and drawing the left to the letter N, At the same moment, he bends his entire arm and turns the exterior branch of his crosspiece diagonally downwards so the opponent’s blade slides down to rest against the strong of his blade, outside the crosspiece. At this instant, he turns his left side forward, aims the tip of his blade at his opponent’s face, carefully holding it in front of his eyes, as shown in the figure.
+
|This bent-arm thrust derives once more from the subjugation of the sword, as shown in Circle No 2. While Alexander is moving again to thrust from the Third Instance, at the instant his foot lowers down to step on the letter N, Zachary defends himself and moves the sword forcefully away to the inside. Alexander realizes this from the feel, and, tries from the beginning, to resist, and hold back against the movement of the swords, using this to quickly move his left foot across close to his right foot, as if making a fleuret [a dance move: a brief lifting of each foot on the upbeat with a forward thrust of the first on the downbeat], so the body is held upright, while raising the right foot and moving it quickly towards the centre along the Perpendicular Diameter, remembering to turn and adjust his hand according to the movement of the swords. He then leans slightly to the side and puts his weight on his right foot, which he sets down at L, and draws the left foot to the letter N, At the same moment, he bends his entire arm and turns the exterior branch of his crosspiece diagonally inwards so the opponent’s blade slides down to rest against the strong of his blade, and outside the crosspiece. At this instant, he turns his left side forward, aims the tip of his blade at his opponent’s face, carefully holding it in front of his eyes, as shown in the figure.
  
 
|Ceſte imbrocade provient de l’avantage de l’aſſujettiſſement, repreſenté au Cercle N.2. Car cependant qu’il chemine derechef pour donner l’eſtocade à la Troiſieme Inſtance, à l’inſtant que le pied droit s’abaiſſe, pour ſe planter à la lettre N. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſe defend, & luy tranſporte l’eſpee avec force au dedans du bras. Ce que recognoiſſant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> par le ſentiment, il taſche du commencement, à y reſiſter, en ſe ſervant d’une petite retenue, & cependant il approche le pied gauche haſtivement bien pres de l’autre, quaſi comme un demi fleuret; dont le corps ſe dreſſe, en eſlevant le pied droit, & le portant devers le Centre le long du Diametre perpēdiculaire, ſans oublier à tourner & accommoder cependant la main à l’advenant du tranſport des eſpees; & à faire la charge du corps en panchant un peu de coſté ſur le pied droit, iceluy poſant à terre à la lettre L, & trainant proportionnellement l’autre juſqu’au point N, & en parachevant au meſme inſtant de ſe courber entierement le bras, & tourner ſa branche exterieure en dedans diagonalement, de ſorte que la lame contraire en vient à s’eſcouler, en deſgraduant, au fort de la ſienne, & au dehors de la branche; auquel inſtant il tourne le coſté gauche en devant, en aſſituant ſa pointe au viſage de l’Ennemi, & l’y tenant par courtoiſie arreſtée devant les yeux; ſuivant la figure.
 
|Ceſte imbrocade provient de l’avantage de l’aſſujettiſſement, repreſenté au Cercle N.2. Car cependant qu’il chemine derechef pour donner l’eſtocade à la Troiſieme Inſtance, à l’inſtant que le pied droit s’abaiſſe, pour ſe planter à la lettre N. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ſe defend, & luy tranſporte l’eſpee avec force au dedans du bras. Ce que recognoiſſant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> par le ſentiment, il taſche du commencement, à y reſiſter, en ſe ſervant d’une petite retenue, & cependant il approche le pied gauche haſtivement bien pres de l’autre, quaſi comme un demi fleuret; dont le corps ſe dreſſe, en eſlevant le pied droit, & le portant devers le Centre le long du Diametre perpēdiculaire, ſans oublier à tourner & accommoder cependant la main à l’advenant du tranſport des eſpees; & à faire la charge du corps en panchant un peu de coſté ſur le pied droit, iceluy poſant à terre à la lettre L, & trainant proportionnellement l’autre juſqu’au point N, & en parachevant au meſme inſtant de ſe courber entierement le bras, & tourner ſa branche exterieure en dedans diagonalement, de ſorte que la lame contraire en vient à s’eſcouler, en deſgraduant, au fort de la ſienne, & au dehors de la branche; auquel inſtant il tourne le coſté gauche en devant, en aſſituant ſa pointe au viſage de l’Ennemi, & l’y tenant par courtoiſie arreſtée devant les yeux; ſuivant la figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander’s stab is parried even further outwards, so he lets the swords flow away by extending his arm, with the interior branch of the crosspiece vertical, and his right foot raised.''
+
|''Alexander’s bent-arm thrust is parried even further outwards, so he lets the swords flow away by extending his arm, with the interior branch of the crosspiece vertical, and his right foot raised.''
  
 
|''L’imbrocade d’Alexandre eſtant parée encores plus outre il laiſſe eſcouler les eſpees, en allongeant meſmes le bras, avec la branche interieure verticale, & le pied droit eſlevé.''
 
|''L’imbrocade d’Alexandre eſtant parée encores plus outre il laiſſe eſcouler les eſpees, en allongeant meſmes le bras, avec la branche interieure verticale, & le pied droit eſlevé.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 11'''
+
|'''Circle No 11.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle no 12'''
+
|'''Circle no 12.'''
 
|'''Cercle n.12.'''
 
|'''Cercle n.12.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Those who are a little versed in this exercise, will be able to prepare and execute this thrust in one single movement. But it is better to practice as we have shown, in two parts, to instruct Novices. To whom I counsel and shall always counsel to take pains to do it a few times well, rather than repeating it often.
+
|Those who are well versed in this exercise, will be able to prepare and execute this thrust in one single movement. But it is better to practice as we have shown, in two parts, to instruct Novices. To whom I counsel and shall always counsel to take pains to do it a few times well, rather than repeating it often.
  
 
|Ceux qui ſeront un peu verſez en l’exercice, pourront donner & executer ceſte eſtocade en un ſeul temps; mais il vaut mieux de la pratiquer, comme nous l’avons repreſentée, en deux, pour donner inſtrućtion aux Novices; auxquels je conſeille & conſeilleray touſiours de mettre pluſtoſt peine à faire bien, qu’à faire beaucoup.
 
|Ceux qui ſeront un peu verſez en l’exercice, pourront donner & executer ceſte eſtocade en un ſeul temps; mais il vaut mieux de la pratiquer, comme nous l’avons repreſentée, en deux, pour donner inſtrućtion aux Novices; auxquels je conſeille & conſeilleray touſiours de mettre pluſtoſt peine à faire bien, qu’à faire beaucoup.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle no 13'''
+
|'''Circle no 13.'''
 
|'''Cercle n.13.'''
 
|'''Cercle n.13.'''
  
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|}
 
|}
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
 +
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate VII
 
  | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate VII
  | width = 60em
+
  | width = 50em
 
}}
 
}}
 
{| class="floated master"
 
{| class="floated master"
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|Colspan="2"|[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 07.jpg|600px]]
 
|Colspan="2"|[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 07.jpg|600px]]
 +
  
 
N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to George William (1595 – 1640) of the House of Hohenzollern, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619.
 
N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to George William (1595 – 1640) of the House of Hohenzollern, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619.
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|EXPLANATION OF THE ACTIONS IN THE SEVENTH PLATE
 
|EXPLANATION OF THE ACTIONS IN THE SEVENTH PLATE
 +
 
|DECLARATION DES OPERATIONS DV TABLEAV SEPTIEME
 
|DECLARATION DES OPERATIONS DV TABLEAV SEPTIEME
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|After Zachary saw how Alexander advanced against the Direct Line posture, forcing his adversary’s sword aside at the Second Instance, and all that followed from there, he again put himself into the same posture, but with the intention of putting Alexander’s approaches to the test, and to do everything he can against them. In the preceeding Plate, he did nothing against them, except what he had to do of necessity for simple self-defense. In this one, he intends to cross his adversary’s approach with several thrusts, at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the action where his sword is being forced aside, taking his opportunity at the moment when Alexander raises his right foot, or when he moves towards the Second Instance, still in balance, or when he lowers it down as his body falls forward, or when he puts it down, or after he is in position. Alexander, knowing nothing of Zachary’s plans, starts again with the Direct Line posture in the same way as before, moving into the First Instance at the other end of the Circle, with his sword likewise held underneath the other.
+
|After Zachary saw the manner in which Alexander advanced against the Direct Line posture, subjugating his adversary’s sword at the Second Instance, and all that followed thereupon, he again put himself into the same posture, but with the intention of testing Alexander’s ability as he approaches, and to perform all manner of moves against him. In the preceeding Plate, he did nothing against him, except what he had to do of necessity in his own defense. But in this one he intends to cross his opponent’s approach with several thrusts, at the beginning, in the middle, and the end of the move during which Alexander subjugates the sword. He times his counter either at the moment when Alexander raises his right foot, or when he moves towards the Second Instance, but still in balance, or when he lowers it as his body begins to fall forward, or when he puts it down, or after he is in position. Alexander, knowing nothing of Zachary’s plans, and starts again from the Direct Line posture in the same way as before, moving into the First Instance at the other end of the Circle, with his sword likewise held underneath the other.
  
 
|Apres que Zacharie a veu la maniere d’Alexandre d’avancer ſes approches contre la droite ligne, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la 2. Inſtance, avec tout ce qui en depend; il ſe va planter derechef en la meſme poſture, avec intention de mettre les approches d’Alexandre à l’eſpreuve, & de les travailler en toutes ſortes à luy poſsibles. Car en la Table precedente il n’avoit rien fait alencontre, ſinon ce qu’il eſtoit contraint de faire par neceſsité; pour la ſimple defenſe de ſa perſonne: mais en la preſente il ſe propoſe de traverſer l’approche de ſon contraire par pluſieurs eſtocades, tirees au commencement, à la continuation, & ſur la fin de l’aſſujettiſſement de l’eſpee: prenant le temps qu’il leve le pied droit, ou qu’il l’avance devers la 2. Inſtance, le tenant encor en balance, ou qu’il l’abaiſſe avec le tresbuchement du corps, ou qu’il le plante à terre, ou qu’il y ſoit deſia arrivé. Alexandre donc ne ſachant rien de ceſte intention, recommence à travailler ſur la droite ligne, en la meſme ſorte que devant, ſe mettant à la premiere Inſtance à l’autre bout du Cercle, avec l’eſpee ſemblablement en ligne droite parallele au deſſous de l’autre.
 
|Apres que Zacharie a veu la maniere d’Alexandre d’avancer ſes approches contre la droite ligne, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la 2. Inſtance, avec tout ce qui en depend; il ſe va planter derechef en la meſme poſture, avec intention de mettre les approches d’Alexandre à l’eſpreuve, & de les travailler en toutes ſortes à luy poſsibles. Car en la Table precedente il n’avoit rien fait alencontre, ſinon ce qu’il eſtoit contraint de faire par neceſsité; pour la ſimple defenſe de ſa perſonne: mais en la preſente il ſe propoſe de traverſer l’approche de ſon contraire par pluſieurs eſtocades, tirees au commencement, à la continuation, & ſur la fin de l’aſſujettiſſement de l’eſpee: prenant le temps qu’il leve le pied droit, ou qu’il l’avance devers la 2. Inſtance, le tenant encor en balance, ou qu’il l’abaiſſe avec le tresbuchement du corps, ou qu’il le plante à terre, ou qu’il y ſoit deſia arrivé. Alexandre donc ne ſachant rien de ceſte intention, recommence à travailler ſur la droite ligne, en la meſme ſorte que devant, ſe mettant à la premiere Inſtance à l’autre bout du Cercle, avec l’eſpee ſemblablement en ligne droite parallele au deſſous de l’autre.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 1'''
+
|'''Circle No 1.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander forces his opponent’s sword aside at the Second Instance to the inside of the arm. He proceeds to there with great care, as much when raising his right foot, crossing the swords, and moving forward while sliding down the blade, as when moving the blades to take the upper hand, setting his foot down on the ground precisely in place and following with the other, deliberately, with a circular motion, until he is once again straight on his legs, as shown here in this image.''
+
|''Alexander subjugates his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance to the inside of the arm. He proceeds to move there with great care, as much when raising his right foot, crossing the swords, and moving forward while sliding down the blade, as when moving the blades to take the upper hand, setting his foot down on the ground precisely in place and following with the other foot deliberately, with a circular motion, until he is once again straight on his legs, as shown here in this image.''
  
 
|''Alexandre aſſujettit l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance en dedans du bras; y procedant avec grande circonſpection, tant à eſlever le pied droit en accouplant les eſpees, & à l’avancer en faiſant la deſgraduation, qu’à tranſporter les lames & à en prendre deuement la ſuperiorité, en plantant le pied eſlevé à terre au lieu & avec la juſteſſe requiſe, & à pourſuivre avec l’autre lent & circulairement juſqu’a ce qu’il revienne droit ſur ſes jambes; en la forme qu’on le voit icy en figure.''
 
|''Alexandre aſſujettit l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance en dedans du bras; y procedant avec grande circonſpection, tant à eſlever le pied droit en accouplant les eſpees, & à l’avancer en faiſant la deſgraduation, qu’à tranſporter les lames & à en prendre deuement la ſuperiorité, en plantant le pied eſlevé à terre au lieu & avec la juſteſſe requiſe, & à pourſuivre avec l’autre lent & circulairement juſqu’a ce qu’il revienne droit ſur ſes jambes; en la forme qu’on le voit icy en figure.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|So, to force his opponent’s sword aside at the Second Instance, he begins his work with the right foot, raising it off the ground, keeping his knee straight, at the same time raising the tip of his sword with a small movement of the wrist, making contact with the opponent’s sword to the inside, his 8th Span against the 3rd Span, and pausing briefly. After which he advances his right foot towards his left side, raising the sword further for a second time with the wrist, the inside branch of the crosspiece of his guard turned sightly upwards. In such a way that he conducts the tip of his blade a little over to the side, crossing and sliding up his opponent’s blade moving his own until his 8th Span is against the 4th Span at least, or the 5th at most. He continues to move the foot further along the same line, until his body just begins to fall forward. Then he quickly steps in and puts his foot down along the Inside Square at the letter G, then immediately raises his left foot and moves it deliberately in a circular path through the air, keeping his leg straight until he is opposite the arch of his other foot, which is on the ground. Further, to the degree his body advances with the above actions, he moves his opponent’s sword forward, with a slight roll of the wrist to force it aside, turning the inside branch of the guard vertically, and putting his left foot, currently in the air parallel to the right, down on the circumference of the Circle along the side of the Outside Square, his toes on the Oblique Diameter G-S* and his heel at the letter D. Thus the left side is turned a little forward and the heel of the right foot is on the Collateral G-M. His arm goes downwards and slightly extended, the guard is by the right hip but slightly higher, his blade crossing his opponent’s blade at the numbers mentioned, his tip rising to the top of his opponent’s head, his body is straight and perpendicular, the muscles of his arm and his knee are tensed, his feet the proper and proportional distance apart, to have all his limbs able to move promptly and actively.
+
|So, to subjugate his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, he begins his work with the right foot, raising it off the ground, keeping his knee straight, at the same time he raises the tip of his sword with a small movement of the wrist, makes contact with the opponent’s sword to the inside, his 8th Span against the 3rd Span, and briefly hesitates. After which he advances his right foot towards his left side, raising the sword further for a second time with the wrist, the inside branch of the crosspiece of his guard turned sightly upwards. In such a way that he conducts the tip of his blade a little over to the left side, crossing and sliding up his opponent’s blade until his 8th Span is at least against the 4th Span, or the 5th at most. He continues to move the foot further along the same line, until his body just begins to fall forward. Then he quickly steps in and puts his foot down along the Inside Square at the letter G, then immediately raises his left foot and moves it deliberately in a circular path through the air, keeping his leg straight until he is opposite the arch of his other foot, which is on the ground. Further, to the degree his body advances with the above actions, he moves his opponent’s sword forward, with a slight roll of the wrist to force it aside, turning the inside branch of the guard vertically, and putting his left foot, currently in the air parallel to the right, down on the circumference of the Circle along the side of the Outside Square, his toes on the Oblique Diameter G-S* and his heel at the letter D. Thus the left side is turned a little forward and the heel of the right foot is on the Collateral G-M. His arm goes downwards and but slightly extended, the guard is before the right hip but slightly higher, his blade crossing his opponent’s blade at the numbers mentioned, his tip rising to the top of his opponent’s head, his body is straight and perpendicular, the muscles of his arm and his knee are tensed, his feet the proper and proportional distance apart, to have all his limbs able to move promptly and actively.
 
 
 
*C S is a typo in the original text. The oblique diameters run from G-S.
 
*C S is a typo in the original text. The oblique diameters run from G-S.
  
|Et pour aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la ſeconde Inſtance, il commence à travailler du pied droit, l’eſlevant de terre avec le genouil roide, en faiſant monter au meſme temps par une petite accomodation du poignet de la main ſa pointe en haut, touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pauſe: apres laquelle il avance le meſme pied droit devers ſon coſté gauche, hauſſant encore l’eſpee pour la ſeconde fois à la faveur du poignet, avec les branches de la garde tournees un peu en dedans; de façon qu’il en conduit la pointe de ſa lame un peu de travers, croiſant & deſgraduant l’eſpee contraire en graduant la ſienne, & aſſemblant ſon Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. pour le moins ou 5. pour le plus: pourſuivant à avancer le pied plus outre du long de la meſme ligne, juſqu’à tant que le corps commence à tresbucher: lors il ſe haſte d’entrer, & de le planter ſur le coſté du Quarré Inſcrit à la lettre G, continuant à eſlever tout à l’inſtant le pied gauche, & à le porter lent & circulairement en l’air avec la jambe roide, juſqu’à ce qu’il vienne à l’oppoſité du creux de l’autre pied, qui eſt planté en terre. Or à meſure que le corps s’avance avec les ſuſdites aćtions, il emporte auſſi l’eſpee contraire à l’advenant, luy donnant un petit branſle du poignet de la main pour l’aſſujettir, en tournant les branches de ſa garde en dedans verticalement, & plantant le pied gauche à preſent eſlevé in l’air parallele au pied droit, ſur la circonference du Cercle, & ſur le coſté du Quarré circonſcrit, les orteils ſur le Diametre oblique C S, & le talon à la lettre D; dont le coſté gauche du corps ſe tourne un peu en devant, & le talon du pied droit en eſt tiré ſur la collaterale GM; avec le bras deſcendant & mediocrement eſtendu, la garde luy revenant à l’oppoſite de la hanche droite, un peu plus haute, ſa lame croiſant l’eſpee contraire en travers par devant ſa poitrine, & aux Nombres ſuſmentionneez, ſa point aſcendant juſqu’à la hauteur du ſommet de la teſte contraire, le corps dreſſé perpendiculairement, les muſcles du bras & des genoux tendus, les pieds en diſtance juſte & proportionée, pour avoir tous ſes membres à commandement, prompts, & aćtifs.
+
|Et pour aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la ſeconde Inſtance, il commence à travailler du pied droit, l’eſlevant de terre avec le genouil roide, en faiſant monter au meſme temps par une petite accomodation du poignet de la main ſa pointe en haut, touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pauſe: apres laquelle il avance le meſme pied droit devers ſon coſté gauche, hauſſant encore l’eſpee pour la ſeconde fois à la faveur du poignet, avec les branches de la garde tournees un peu en dedans; de façon qu’il en conduit la pointe de ſa lame un peu de travers, croiſant & deſgraduant l’eſpee contraire en graduant la ſienne, & aſſemblant ſon Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. pour le moins ou 5. pour le plus: pourſuivant à avancer le pied plus outre du long de la meſme ligne, juſqu’à tant que le corps commence à tresbucher: lors il ſe haſte d’entrer, & de le planter ſur le coſté du Quarré Inſcrit à la lettre G, continuant à eſlever tout à l’inſtant le pied gauche, & à le porter lent & circulairement en l’air avec la jambe roide, juſqu’à ce qu’il vienne à l’oppoſité du creux de l’autre pied, qui eſt planté en terre. Or à meſure que le corps s’avance avec les ſuſdites aćtions, il emporte auſſi l’eſpee contraire à l’advenant, luy donnant un petit branſle du poignet de la main pour l’aſſujettir, en tournant les branches de ſa garde en dedans verticalement, & plantant le pied gauche à preſent eſlevé en l’air parallele au pied droit, ſur la circonference du Cercle, & ſur le coſté du Quarré circonſcrit, les orteils ſur le Diametre oblique C S, & le talon à la lettre D; dont le coſté gauche du corps ſe tourne un peu en devant, & le talon du pied droit en eſt tiré ſur la collaterale GM; avec le bras deſcendant & mediocrement eſtendu, la garde luy revenant à l’oppoſite de la hanche droite, un peu plus haute, ſa lame croiſant l’eſpee contraire en travers par devant ſa poitrine, & aux Nombres ſuſmentionneez, ſa point aſcendant juſqu’à la hauteur du ſommet de la teſte contraire, le corps dreſſé perpendiculairement, les muſcles du bras & des genoux tendus, les pieds en diſtance juſte & proportionée, pour avoir tous ſes membres à commandement, prompts, & aćtifs.
  
 
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|Having duly pushed his opponent’s sword aside, the point of contact between the two swords will be above the two Exterior Collaterals, which cross each other on the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter M. This action is also described in Plate VI, as one of the background figures, but properly presented here, in this Plate, as a more important figure, to clearly show the details of the posture of the body, arm and sword, and the position of the feet in the circle, as is now time that we take a closer look at this action. Just as the figure is larger and more detailed, our description should be more complete and precise, and readers should pay closer attention. What, after all, is more important than knowing how to attack and force your opponent’s sword aside? Or what is more useful than to be able to approach with a distinct advantage? But as superior as this is, it is also difficult. This is one of the most important sequence of operations in our  System, about which we have several important cautions to make, which shall be explained following this discription, and without which it would be impossible to forsee all the infinite number of countermeasures that could be made against this approach. You shall see in this Plate the more notable ones, which are made by means of circular disengagements.
+
|Having duly subjugated his opponent’s sword, he will find that the point of contact between the two swords will be above the two Exterior Collaterals, which cross each other on the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter M. While this action was also described in Plate VI, it was only shown as one of the background figures, and it is more fully discussed here, in this Plate, and presented as a much larger figure, to clearly show the details of the posture of the body, arm and sword, and the position of the feet in the circle, as it is now time that we take a closer look at this action. Just as the figure is larger and more detailed, our description should be more complete and precise, and readers should pay closer attention. What, after all, is more important than knowing how to attack and subjugate your opponent’s sword? Or what is more useful than to be able to approach with a distinct advantage? But as superior as this is, it is also difficult. This is one of the most important sequence of operations in our  System, about which we make several important cautions, which shall be explained following this discription, and without which it would be impossible to forsee all the infinite number of countermeasures that could be made against this approach. You shall see in this Plate the more notable ones, which are made by means of circular disengagements.
  
|Ceſt aſujettiſſement eſtant deuement accompli, il ſera trouvé que le Centre de l’attouchement des eſpees reſpondra juſtement au deſſus des deux collaterales exterieurs, qui s’entrecoupent ſur le Diametre perpendiculaire, à la lettre M. Il eſt vray que la meſme operation eſt auſſi deſcrite en la Table VI. toutesfois conſiderant, qu’elle y eſt demonſtrée par figures de moindre taille, & qu’elle devoit eſtre propoſée en ce Tableau preſent en forme plus royale, repreſentant diſtinćtement la tenue du corps, du bras, de l’eſpee, enſemble la ſituation des pieds ſur le Cercle, & qu’il eſtoit icy proprement queſtion de la mettre à l’eſpreuve; nous avons trouvé bon, que comme la figure y eſt plus grande, que auſſi les particularitez en ſoyent declarées en la deſcription plus exaćtement, & quelles s’y liſent comme en de plus gros charaćteres. Car quelle choſe plus noble, que de ſçavoir attaquer & aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire? ou quelle plus utile, que de faire ſes approches avec un ſi notable advantage? Mais autant qu’elle eſt excellente, d’autant eſt elle difficile: c’eſt l’une des plus importantes opetions de Noſtre Pratique, où il faut proceder avec la caution de pluſieurs obſervations, que ſeront declarées à la ſuite de ceſte deſcription, ſans leſquelles il ſeroit impoſſible de prevenir tant de traverſes, qui ſe pourroyent faire alencontre de ceſte approche juſqu’à un Nombre infini; dont vous en verrez en ce Tableau preſent les plus notables, qui ſe ſont par le moyen de la cavation.
+
|Ceſt aſujettiſſement eſtant deuement accompli, il ſera trouvé que le Centre de l’attouchement des eſpees reſpondra juſtement au deſſus des deux collaterales exterieurs, qui s’entrecoupent ſur le Diametre perpendiculaire, à la lettre M. Il eſt vray que la meſme operation eſt auſſi deſcrite en la Table VI. toutesfois conſiderant, qu’elle y eſt demonſtrée par figures de moindre taille, & qu’elle devoit eſtre propoſée en ce Tableau preſent en forme plus royale, repreſentant diſtinćtement la tenue du corps, du bras, de l’eſpee, enſemble la ſituation des pieds ſur le Cercle, & qu’il eſtoit icy proprement queſtion de la mettre à l’eſpreuve; nous avons trouvé bon, que comme la figure y eſt plus grande, que auſſi les particularitez en ſoyent declarées en la deſcription plus exaćtement, & quelles s’y liſent comme en de plus gros charaćteres. Car quelle choſe plus noble, que de ſçavoir attaquer & aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire? ou quelle plus utile, que de faire ſes approches avec un ſi notable advantage? Mais autant qu’elle eſt excellente, d’autant eſt elle difficile: c’eſt l’une des plus importantes opetions [sic] de Noſtre Pratique, où il faut proceder avec la caution de pluſieurs obſervations, que ſeront declarées à la ſuite de ceſte deſcription, ſans leſquelles il ſeroit impoſſible de prevenir tant de traverſes, qui ſe pourroyent faire alencontre de ceſte approche juſqu’à un Nombre infini; dont vous en verrez en ce Tableau preſent les plus notables, qui ſe font par le moyen de la cavation.
  
 
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|One can make this push to the side against several different levels of force, according to what level our adversary gives to us, because of the superior strength we have from made our contact at the 8th Span against his 4th or 5th Span, before we even try to do anything with his blade. In any case one must not fail to pay close heed to this advantage, nor not take care to make the point of contact as exact as possible, and so to diminish the power of the adversary’s sword. One must always moderate one’s own power according to the situation. If the opponent uses less force we must move the point of contact up our blade accordingly. Likewise if he increases his force, we must increase ours down the blade so the force stays the same. But if he pushes hard enough that we can feel that his blade, if we let it go, will open up his centre line with his arm and blade at an angle off to the side, then we offer no resistance, and allow his blade to fly freely off to the side and we then put ourselves inside the open angle and consequently strike him, either high, or low, according to the situation as it presents itself.
+
|One can make this subjugation against different degrees of force, according to what our adversary gives to us, because of the superior strength we have from our contact with the 8th Span against his 4th or 5th Span, before we even try to do anything with his blade. In any case one must not be complacent about having this advantage. One must take care to keep the point of contact as exactly as possible, and so diminish the power of the adversary’s sword. One must always moderate one’s own power according to the situation. If the opponent uses less force we must move the point of contact up our blade accordingly. Likewise if he increases his force, we must increase ours down the blade so the force stays the same. But if he pushes hard enough that we can feel that his blade, if we let it go, will open up his centre line with his arm and blade at an angle off to the side, then we offer no resistance, and allow his blade to fly freely off to the side and we then put ourselves inside the open angle and consequently strike him, either high, or low, according to the situation as it presents itself.
  
 
|On peut faire ceſt aſſujettiſſement ſur pluſieurs differents degrez de ſentiment, que l’adverſaire nous donne, à raiſon de la grande ſuperiorité d’avoir aſſemblé le Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. ou 5. de l’eſpee contraire, avant que de rien attenter ſur icelle pour la tranſporter. Toutefois qu’on ne ſe fie pas tant ſur cet avantage, qu’on laiſſe de prendre garde, le plus exaćtement qu’il ſoit poſſible, à l’accroiſſement, & à la diminution de la vigueur de l’eſpee contraire. Car il faut touſiours temperer ſes forces à l’advenant. Si elle s’affoiblit, il faut que la noſtre decroiſſe pareillement; ſi elle ſe renforce, il faut que la noſtre s’augmente alencontre, pour travailler touſiours avec poids egalement proportionné. Mais s’il fait un ſi grand effort, que le ſentiment nous rapporte, qu’il s’en va forligner, & faire un angle avec le bras & l’eſpee, lors on le laiſſe aller tout du commencement, ſans nulle reſiſtence, afin qu’il s’eſcarte tant qu’il voudra, & qu’on ſe mette ce temps pendant dedans l’angle pour luy donner conſecutivement l’atteinte en haut, ou en bas, ſuivant l’occaſion qu’il preſente.
 
|On peut faire ceſt aſſujettiſſement ſur pluſieurs differents degrez de ſentiment, que l’adverſaire nous donne, à raiſon de la grande ſuperiorité d’avoir aſſemblé le Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. ou 5. de l’eſpee contraire, avant que de rien attenter ſur icelle pour la tranſporter. Toutefois qu’on ne ſe fie pas tant ſur cet avantage, qu’on laiſſe de prendre garde, le plus exaćtement qu’il ſoit poſſible, à l’accroiſſement, & à la diminution de la vigueur de l’eſpee contraire. Car il faut touſiours temperer ſes forces à l’advenant. Si elle s’affoiblit, il faut que la noſtre decroiſſe pareillement; ſi elle ſe renforce, il faut que la noſtre s’augmente alencontre, pour travailler touſiours avec poids egalement proportionné. Mais s’il fait un ſi grand effort, que le ſentiment nous rapporte, qu’il s’en va forligner, & faire un angle avec le bras & l’eſpee, lors on le laiſſe aller tout du commencement, ſans nulle reſiſtence, afin qu’il s’eſcarte tant qu’il voudra, & qu’on ſe mette ce temps pendant dedans l’angle pour luy donner conſecutivement l’atteinte en haut, ou en bas, ſuivant l’occaſion qu’il preſente.
Line 3,821: Line 3,823:
 
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|Likewise, it may happen that, when in the act of forcing the opponent’s sword to the side that he weakens his resistence and yet you continue to press with the same force, without having moderated your force at that instant to equalize with his, you are in danger of overreaching with your blade and could be wounded if he makes a circular disengage and strikes over your arm.  If he gives so much with his blade that you lose contact, and yours begins to fly too far off the line, you should immediately extend your arm and sword up at an obtuse angle towards his face with a little forward motion of the body, still staying in balance. Be aware of where his tip is aiming, either up towards your face, or under your arm, or to your side. Depending on where it is coming, you can defend by moving your body around in conjunction with your arm and sword.
+
|Likewise, it may happen that, when in the act of subjugating the opponent’s sword that he weakens his resistence and yet you continue to press with the same force, without having moderated your force at that instant to equalize with his, then you are in danger of overreaching with your blade and could be wounded if he makes a circular disengage and strikes over your arm.  If he gives so much with his blade that you lose contact, and yours begins to fly too far off the line, you should immediately extend your arm and sword up at an obtuse angle towards his face with a little forward motion of the body, still staying in balance. Be aware of where his tip is aiming, either up towards your face, or under your arm, or to your side. Depending on where it is coming, you can defend by moving your body around in conjunction with your arm and sword.
  
 
|Pareillement s’il advient, eſtant en aćte de faire l’aſſujetiſſement, que l’ennemi s’affoibliſſe, & que vous continuez au contraire la vigueur precedente, ſans l’avoir temperée au meſme inſtant, & à l’egal de la ſienne, vous ſerez en tresgrand danger de tresbucher de voſtre lame, & de recevoir quelque atteinte par deſſus le bras, par le moyen de la cavation. Que s’il affoiblit ſa lame ſi avant, que vous en perdiez le ſentiment, & qu’elle commence à tresbucher vous allongerez au meſme inſtant le bras & l’eſpee en angle obtus devers ſon viſage; avec un petit avancement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, le tenant cependant en balance, & en aguettant la part ou la pointe contraire tire, ſoit en haut devers le viſage, ou deſſous le bras, ou à coſté; ce que diſcernant, vous ſeconderez l’extenſion du bras & de l’eſpee avec les mouvemens du corps, ſelon qu’il ſera plus expedient pour voſtre defenſe.
 
|Pareillement s’il advient, eſtant en aćte de faire l’aſſujetiſſement, que l’ennemi s’affoibliſſe, & que vous continuez au contraire la vigueur precedente, ſans l’avoir temperée au meſme inſtant, & à l’egal de la ſienne, vous ſerez en tresgrand danger de tresbucher de voſtre lame, & de recevoir quelque atteinte par deſſus le bras, par le moyen de la cavation. Que s’il affoiblit ſa lame ſi avant, que vous en perdiez le ſentiment, & qu’elle commence à tresbucher vous allongerez au meſme inſtant le bras & l’eſpee en angle obtus devers ſon viſage; avec un petit avancement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, le tenant cependant en balance, & en aguettant la part ou la pointe contraire tire, ſoit en haut devers le viſage, ou deſſous le bras, ou à coſté; ce que diſcernant, vous ſeconderez l’extenſion du bras & de l’eſpee avec les mouvemens du corps, ſelon qu’il ſera plus expedient pour voſtre defenſe.
Line 3,827: Line 3,829:
 
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|One will discover with experience that those who are not schooled in these techniques and who do not understand the fundamental reasons for them, will usually allow an enemy to pull away, even drop the connection at will, without working against him, and thus lose sight of his sword-point until it is too late. So they lose the timing, and real ability to defend themselves, when the enemy has made moves that far ahead, and he has taken such a degree of advantage, that one can no longer take the Direct Line position from him. Then all he needs to do is make a simple step, opening up the angle of approach, where he can enter, if he understands how to take the lead, and maintain his advantage by whatever opportunities present themselves. This demonstrates the vital necessity of being able to respond in time to an opponent’s movements, and the difference between letting him escape from your awareness of his movements and being instantly able to counter them, the latter being done with confidence, the former being very dangerous and impossible to do calmly. To avoid this problem, one must be able to instantly recognize the start of your opponent’s actions from the contact between swords. Having recognized these movements, then use your body, your arm, and your feet equally so they work together to help support the ability to connect with the sword. This is why we have described so thoroughly and precisely all the motions that happen together, including the body, the arms, and the legs. Such as raising the right foot from the ground, making a short pause, and then moving it forward with the knees straight to put it quickly on the ground. Likewise the step with the left foot in all its particulars. If the connection is not supported by the movement of the feet, it cannot be precise enough to detect and counter the opponents actions as they begin.
+
|One will discover with experience that those who are not schooled in these techniques and who do not understand the fundamental reasons for them, will usually allow an enemy to pull away, even drop the contact at will, without working against him, until they see where his point is going. Thy thus lose the proper timing, and real ability to defend themselves, when the enemy has made moves that far ahead, and he has taken such a degree of advantage, that one can no longer take the Direct Line position from him. Then all he needs to do is make a simple step, opening up the angle of approach, where he can enter, if he understands how to take the lead, and maintain his advantage by whatever opportunities present themselves. This demonstrates the vital necessity of being able to respond in time to an opponent’s movements, and the difference between letting him escape from your awareness of his movements and being instantly able to counter them, the latter being done with confidence, the former being very dangerous and impossible to do calmly. To avoid this problem, one must be able to instantly recognize the start of your opponent’s actions from the contact between swords. Having recognized these movements, then use your body, your arm, and your feet equally so they work together to help support the ability to connect with the sword. This is why we have described so thoroughly and precisely all the motions that happen together, including the body, the arms, and the legs. Such as raising the right foot from the ground, making a short pause, and then moving it forward with the knees straight to put it quickly on the ground. Likewise the step with the left foot in all its particulars. If the connection is not supported by the movement of the feet, it cannot be precise enough to detect and counter the opponents actions as they begin.
  
 
|On trouvera par experience, que ceux qui ne ſont pas ſtylez en l’uſage de ceſte Pratique, & n’en comprennent encor à plein les raiſons fondamentales, permettront ordinairement à l’ennemi d’affoiblir, voire meſme de deſtacher ſon eſpee à ſa fantaſie, ſans travailler alencontre juſqu’à tant qu’ils voyent ou il dreſſe ſa pointe. Dont ils viennent à perdre le temps, & la vraye occaſion de leur defenſe; pour ce que l’ennemi quand il eſt venu ſi avant que cela, il s’eſt emparé tellement de la ſuperiorité des lames, qu’on ne luy peut d’oreſenavant clorre la droite ligne; ne reſtant autre apparence que de faire une ſimple parade, accompagnée d’une ouverture d’angle, où l’ennemi ſe peut fourrer dedans, s’il entend la maniere de prendre le temps, & de pourſuivre ſon avantage avec telle ſorte d’execution, qu’il luy viendra plus à propos. Choſe qui demonſtre bien la grande neceſſité de travailler à temps ſur les mouvmens contraires, & la difference qu’il y a de ſe laiſſer eſchapper les commencemens des occaſions hors des mains, ou de les rencontrer tout à la premiere abordee. dont l’un ſe fait avec tresgrande aſſeurance, & l’autre avec ſi extreme danger, qu’il eſt comme impoſſible d’y donner ordre. Pour eviter ceſt inconvenient, il faut recognoiſtre les commencemens des aćtions contraires par l’attouchement des eſpees; & les recognoiſſant, aſſiſter le ſentiment avec le ſecours du corps, du bras, & des pieds egalement, afin que tout aille un meſme train. C’eſt pourquoy, nous avons deſcrit ſi curieuſement & exaćtement tous les mouvemens qui vont par enſemble, tant du corps, que du bras, & des pieds: comme d’eſlever le pied droit de terre, d’en faire une petite pauſe, de l’avancer avec la jambe roide, de le planter haſtivement à terre: pareillement auſſi la demarche du pied gauche, avec toutes ſes particularitez. Car ſi le ſentiment n’eſtoit bien aſſiſté du mouvement des pieds, il ne pourroit eſtre aſſez juſte, pour recognoiſtre & rencontrer les aćtions contraires & leurs commencements.
 
|On trouvera par experience, que ceux qui ne ſont pas ſtylez en l’uſage de ceſte Pratique, & n’en comprennent encor à plein les raiſons fondamentales, permettront ordinairement à l’ennemi d’affoiblir, voire meſme de deſtacher ſon eſpee à ſa fantaſie, ſans travailler alencontre juſqu’à tant qu’ils voyent ou il dreſſe ſa pointe. Dont ils viennent à perdre le temps, & la vraye occaſion de leur defenſe; pour ce que l’ennemi quand il eſt venu ſi avant que cela, il s’eſt emparé tellement de la ſuperiorité des lames, qu’on ne luy peut d’oreſenavant clorre la droite ligne; ne reſtant autre apparence que de faire une ſimple parade, accompagnée d’une ouverture d’angle, où l’ennemi ſe peut fourrer dedans, s’il entend la maniere de prendre le temps, & de pourſuivre ſon avantage avec telle ſorte d’execution, qu’il luy viendra plus à propos. Choſe qui demonſtre bien la grande neceſſité de travailler à temps ſur les mouvmens contraires, & la difference qu’il y a de ſe laiſſer eſchapper les commencemens des occaſions hors des mains, ou de les rencontrer tout à la premiere abordee. dont l’un ſe fait avec tresgrande aſſeurance, & l’autre avec ſi extreme danger, qu’il eſt comme impoſſible d’y donner ordre. Pour eviter ceſt inconvenient, il faut recognoiſtre les commencemens des aćtions contraires par l’attouchement des eſpees; & les recognoiſſant, aſſiſter le ſentiment avec le ſecours du corps, du bras, & des pieds egalement, afin que tout aille un meſme train. C’eſt pourquoy, nous avons deſcrit ſi curieuſement & exaćtement tous les mouvemens qui vont par enſemble, tant du corps, que du bras, & des pieds: comme d’eſlever le pied droit de terre, d’en faire une petite pauſe, de l’avancer avec la jambe roide, de le planter haſtivement à terre: pareillement auſſi la demarche du pied gauche, avec toutes ſes particularitez. Car ſi le ſentiment n’eſtoit bien aſſiſté du mouvement des pieds, il ne pourroit eſtre aſſez juſte, pour recognoiſtre & rencontrer les aćtions contraires & leurs commencements.
Line 3,833: Line 3,835:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|When the feet land on the ground at the Second Instance, they must be exactly on the lines as described, while pressing the opponent’s sword aside. Turn the body so the left side is a little more forward, and the right side slightly back, the right arm lowered and pushed slightly forward, the guard back towards the right, slightly above the hip, with the arm and guard ready to defend the side which is more exposed to danger, as we shall see by the examples in this Plate. This is to uncover the left side to the enemy, which is easier to defend as shown in Circle No 2 in the following Plate.
+
|When the feet land on the ground at the Second Instance, while subjugating the opponent’s sword, they must be exactly on the lines as described. Turn the body so the left side is a little more forward, and the right side slightly back, the right arm lowered and pushed slightly forward, the guard back towards the right, slightly above the hip, with the arm and guard ready to defend the side which is more exposed to danger, as we shall see by the examples in this Plate. This is to uncover the left side to the enemy, which is easier to defend as shown in Circle No 2 in the following Plate.
  
 
|Ce que les pieds doivent ainſi tomber à terre à la Seconde Inſtance, & en tenant l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie, eſtre ſituez preciſement ſur les lignes que nous avons deſcrites; avec le coſté gauche du corps tourneé un peu en devant, & le bras deſcendant, & mediocrement eſtendu, la garde revenant devers le coſté droit, un peu plus haut que la hanche: c’eſt pour deſcouvrir à l’ennemi le coſté gauche, qui eſt le plus facile à defendre, ainſi qu’il paroiſtra par le Cercle 2. du ſuivant; & pour tenir le coſté droit d’autant plus arriere, avec le bras & la garde preparés à ſa defenſe, comme celuy qui eſt le plus expoſé au danger, ce qu’on verra par les exemples du Tableau preſent.
 
|Ce que les pieds doivent ainſi tomber à terre à la Seconde Inſtance, & en tenant l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie, eſtre ſituez preciſement ſur les lignes que nous avons deſcrites; avec le coſté gauche du corps tourneé un peu en devant, & le bras deſcendant, & mediocrement eſtendu, la garde revenant devers le coſté droit, un peu plus haut que la hanche: c’eſt pour deſcouvrir à l’ennemi le coſté gauche, qui eſt le plus facile à defendre, ainſi qu’il paroiſtra par le Cercle 2. du ſuivant; & pour tenir le coſté droit d’autant plus arriere, avec le bras & la garde preparés à ſa defenſe, comme celuy qui eſt le plus expoſé au danger, ce qu’on verra par les exemples du Tableau preſent.
Line 3,845: Line 3,847:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 4'''
+
|'''Circle No 4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
  
Line 3,856: Line 3,858:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Both parties begin in the First Instance in the Direct Line posture, swords parallel. Alexander begins to move with the intention of forcing aside the opponent’s sword when at the Second Instance. To do this, he raised his right foot, and crossed his opponent’s sword to the inside, his strong part to the weak part. Zachary makes a circular disengage and around his opponent’s arm, then gives a strong thrust with a straight arm outside Alexander’s arm, stepping forward with his right foot up to the letter R along the Diameter. Alexander sensing that he has lost contact with his opponent’s sword, instantly extends his arm and sends the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face, the tip slightly up, crossing his opponent’s sword, and, taking a step to the outside, leaning backwards, his body erect in profile, he puts his right foot along the Interior Collateral C-S and sets it down at the second intersection, while sliding the point of contact up the blade in a circular motion over his enemy’s guard, to wound him in the face. He draws his left foot up into place, to the increase the power of his thrust. This is shown in the picture of him in Circle No 4.
+
|Both parties begin at the First Instance in the Direct Line posture, swords parallel. Alexander begins to move intending to subjugate his opponent’s sword when he arrives at the Second Instance. To do this, he raised his right foot, and crossed his opponent’s sword to the inside, his strong part against the weak part. Zachary makes a circular disengage under and around his opponent’s arm, then gives a determined thrust with a straight arm from outside Alexander’s arm, stepping forward with his right foot up to the letter R along the Diameter. Alexander sensesing that he has lost contact with his opponent’s sword, instantly extends his arm and sends the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face, the tip slightly up, crossing his opponent’s sword, and, taking a step to the outside, he leans backwards, his body erect in profile, and puts his right foot down at the second intersection along the Interior Collateral C-S, while sliding the point of contact up the blade in a circular motion over his enemy’s guard, to wound him in the face. He draws his left foot up into place, to the increase the power of his thrust. This is shown in the picture of him in Circle No 4.
  
 
|S’eſtans trouvez les deux parties à la Premiere Inſtance en poſture de la droite ligne, les eſpees paralleles l’une à l’autre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler avec intention d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance. Et pour ce faire, ayant levé le pied droit, en touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du foible le fort; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait ſa cavation, & luy tire avec le bras roide une eſtocade reſolue devers le viſage en dehors du bras, avançant le pied droit juſqu’au point R. ſur le Diametre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le ſentiment, que l’eſpee contraire ſe commence à ſe deſtacher, il eſtend tout au meſme inſtant le bras & l’eſpee devers ſon viſage, la pointe d’icelle un peu aſcendante, en croiſant l’eſpee contraire & en deſtournant ſa demarche en dehors, avec le dos panché à l’envers, & le corps dreſſé en pourfil, il poſe le pied à terre ſur la ſeconde interſećtion de la collaterale CS. en graduant circulairement l’eſpee de ſon ennemi, & le bleſſant au viſage; & laiſſant ſuivre le pied gauche en trainant proportionnellement, pour accoiſtre la vigueur de ſon eſtocade: ainſi qu’on le voit au pourtrait de ſa figure, Cercle 4.
 
|S’eſtans trouvez les deux parties à la Premiere Inſtance en poſture de la droite ligne, les eſpees paralleles l’une à l’autre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler avec intention d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance. Et pour ce faire, ayant levé le pied droit, en touchant l’eſpee contraire en dedans, du foible le fort; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait ſa cavation, & luy tire avec le bras roide une eſtocade reſolue devers le viſage en dehors du bras, avançant le pied droit juſqu’au point R. ſur le Diametre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le ſentiment, que l’eſpee contraire ſe commence à ſe deſtacher, il eſtend tout au meſme inſtant le bras & l’eſpee devers ſon viſage, la pointe d’icelle un peu aſcendante, en croiſant l’eſpee contraire & en deſtournant ſa demarche en dehors, avec le dos panché à l’envers, & le corps dreſſé en pourfil, il poſe le pied à terre ſur la ſeconde interſećtion de la collaterale CS. en graduant circulairement l’eſpee de ſon ennemi, & le bleſſant au viſage; & laiſſant ſuivre le pied gauche en trainant proportionnellement, pour accoiſtre la vigueur de ſon eſtocade: ainſi qu’on le voit au pourtrait de ſa figure, Cercle 4.
Line 3,862: Line 3,864:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Zachary performed this circular disengage immediately after the blades made contact and as Alexander paused just after he raised his right foot. He could as well done this while Alexander was stepping to the left and forcing the swords over to the side, before Alexander reached the point of losing balance. In that case, Alexander responds in the same way. That is, he moves into the enemy by stepping along the Diameter, as far as possible, so as to control his opponent’s sword more easily, almost the same way as when forcing it aside, by crossing over top of the blade as it goes under. The more one closes the distance by moving along the Diameter, the more easily one can close off the Direct Line, and, at the same time, the greater the angle of the enemy’s sword will be, leaving a safer opening to step into.
+
|Zachary performed this circular disengage immediately after the blades made contact and as Alexander paused just after he raised his right foot. He could as well done this while Alexander was stepping to the left and forcing the swords over to the side, before Alexander reached the point of losing balance. In that case, Alexander responds in the same way. That is, he moves into the enemy by stepping along the Diameter, as far as possible, so as to control his opponent’s sword more easily, almost the same way as when forcing it aside, by crossing over top of the blade as it goes under. The more one closes the distance by moving along the Diameter, the more easily one can close off the Direct Line, and, at the same time, force his enemy’s sword out at a greater angle, leaving a safer opening to step into.
  
 
|Or ainſi que ceſt cavation à eſté faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie tout à l’inſtant, apres l’eſlevation du pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, & de l’attouchement des deux lames, aſſavoir durant la premiere pauſe; auſſi la pourra il faire durant l’avancement du meſme pied devers le coſté gauche au commencement du tranſport de ſon eſpee, avant que le corps d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre commence à tresbucher. Cela eſtant, il ſe faudra regler encor en la meſme ſorte. C’eſt qu’on entrerera ſur l’ennemi en allant devers le Diametre, le plus qu’il ſera poſſible, afin de porter l’eſpee tant plus facilement, quaſi par maniere de jetter, en croiſant, au deſſus de celle qui fait la cavation. Car autant plus qu’on s’en approche en tirant vers le Diametre, autant plus aiſement on luy pourra fermer la droite ligne, & autant plus grand ſera l’angle, qui nous ſera ouvert pour y entrer au meſme temps, avec plus d’aſſeurance.
 
|Or ainſi que ceſt cavation à eſté faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie tout à l’inſtant, apres l’eſlevation du pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, & de l’attouchement des deux lames, aſſavoir durant la premiere pauſe; auſſi la pourra il faire durant l’avancement du meſme pied devers le coſté gauche au commencement du tranſport de ſon eſpee, avant que le corps d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre commence à tresbucher. Cela eſtant, il ſe faudra regler encor en la meſme ſorte. C’eſt qu’on entrerera ſur l’ennemi en allant devers le Diametre, le plus qu’il ſera poſſible, afin de porter l’eſpee tant plus facilement, quaſi par maniere de jetter, en croiſant, au deſſus de celle qui fait la cavation. Car autant plus qu’on s’en approche en tirant vers le Diametre, autant plus aiſement on luy pourra fermer la droite ligne, & autant plus grand ſera l’angle, qui nous ſera ouvert pour y entrer au meſme temps, avec plus d’aſſeurance.
Line 3,868: Line 3,870:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 2'''
+
|'''Circle No 2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
  
Line 3,879: Line 3,881:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Here we see Zachary begin his circular disengagement at the moment his adversary begins to overbalance. He extends his sword with a straight arm and again aims his thrust in the Direct Line, just as above, towards his opponent’s face from outside the arm, while moving forward and stepping up to the letter V on the Diameter. As soon as Alexander feels how his opponents blade lose force against his, without waiting for it to disengage, he moves his own forward with the arm extended, his tip raised a little towards his opponent’s face, across the opposing sword. He slides the point of contact up and steps with his right foot just inside the Inside Square. He draws his left foot up to the Exterior Collateral G-M to put himself into profile, stopping the point precisely in front of his opponent’s eyes, as shown in the figure.
+
|This time, Zachary begins his circular disengagement at the moment his adversary begins to overbalance. He extends his sword with a straight arm and again aims his thrust in the Direct Line, just as before, towards his opponent’s face from outside the arm, while moving forward and stepping up to the letter V on the Diameter. As soon as Alexander feels his opponents blade weaken against his, as it goes dies away, without even waiting for the disengage, he moves his own blade forward by extending his arm, raising the tip of his sword a little towards his opponent’s face, across the opposing sword. He slides the point of contact up and steps with his right foot just inside the Inside Square. He draws his left foot up to the Exterior Collateral G-M to put himself into profile, stopping the point with precision in front of his opponent’s eyes, as shown in the figure.
  
 
|Mais voicy que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> commence à faire ſa cavation, au temps que le corps de ſa partie adverſe commence à tresbucher; en eſtendant l’eſpee avec le bras roide, & en tirant derechef ſon eſtocade en ligne droite, ainſi que deſſus, vers le viſage de ſa partie par dehors le bras, avançant le corps & le pied juſqu’à la lettre V. ſur le Diametre. Si toſt qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment, que la lame contraire s’affoiblit, voire qu’elle s’amortit; ſans attendre qu’elle ſoit deſtachee, il avance la ſienne avec le bras eſtendu, la pointe un peu montante vers le viſage du contraire, au travers de ſa dite eſpee; icelle graduant, & entrant avec le pied droit un peu au dedans du Quarré Inſcrit; & laiſſant trainer le gauche proportionnellement derriere ſur la collaterale exterieure GM. dont il ſe met en pourfil, en arreſtant ſa pointe en courtoiſie devant les yeux de ſa partie, ſuivant la repreſentation de la figure.
 
|Mais voicy que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> commence à faire ſa cavation, au temps que le corps de ſa partie adverſe commence à tresbucher; en eſtendant l’eſpee avec le bras roide, & en tirant derechef ſon eſtocade en ligne droite, ainſi que deſſus, vers le viſage de ſa partie par dehors le bras, avançant le corps & le pied juſqu’à la lettre V. ſur le Diametre. Si toſt qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment, que la lame contraire s’affoiblit, voire qu’elle s’amortit; ſans attendre qu’elle ſoit deſtachee, il avance la ſienne avec le bras eſtendu, la pointe un peu montante vers le viſage du contraire, au travers de ſa dite eſpee; icelle graduant, & entrant avec le pied droit un peu au dedans du Quarré Inſcrit; & laiſſant trainer le gauche proportionnellement derriere ſur la collaterale exterieure GM. dont il ſe met en pourfil, en arreſtant ſa pointe en courtoiſie devant les yeux de ſa partie, ſuivant la repreſentation de la figure.
Line 3,885: Line 3,887:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This circular disengage that happens at the instant the opponent begins to overbalance is much more dangerous for Alexander than the preceeding one, which happens while his body is still in balance, and consequently so he can better control it. This is the reason why we chose  to show this second encounter in this figure, as it is the most difficult. You should also know that it is the moment Zachary will choose most often to attack with his circular disengagement. If waits a little longer, until Alexander’s foot is almost on the ground, so that he cannot put it anywhere else than at the letter G, where he expects to be able to cast his opponent’s sword aside, the circular disengage is even more advantageous. In any case, the response remains the same, as long as one can begin to work in time, and move into profile the same as before.
+
|This circular disengage occurs at the instant the opponent begins to overbalance is much more dangerous for Alexander than the preceeding one, which happens while his body is still in balance, and so consequently he has better control. This is the reason why we chose  to show this second encounter in this figure, as it is the most difficult. You should also know that it is the moment Zachary will choose most often to attack with his circular disengagement. He waits just a bit, until Alexander’s foot is almost on the ground, so that he cannot put it anywhere else than at the letter G, where he expects to be able to subjugate his opponent’s sword, so the circular disengage is even more advantageous. In any case, the response remains the same, as long as one can begin to work in time, and move into profile, the same as before.
  
 
|C’eſte cavation qui ſe fait à l’inſtant que la Partie commence à tresbucher du corps, eſt plus dangereuſe pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, que la precedente, qui ſe fait durant qu’il ſe ſouſtient le corps encor en balance, & par conſequent qu’il le peut miex gouverner. C’eſt la cauſe pourquoy nous avons voulu repreſenter ceſte deuxieme rencontre en figure, comme eſtant la plus difficile. Auſſi devez vous ſçavoir que c’eſt le temps que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie prendra le plus ſouvent pour tirer avec ſa cavation; que s’il attend encor d’avantage juſqu’à tant que le pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſoit en aćte de s’abaiſſer, de façon qu’il ne ſoit plus en ſon pouvoir de le planter autrepart, qu’à la lettre G. ou il s’attendoit d’aſſujettir l’eſpee, la cavation luy ſera, en ce faiſant, encor plus avantageuſe. Toutesfois on en fera la rencontre en la meſme ſorte, moyennant qu’on cōmence à travailler au commencement du temps, en mettant conſequemment le corps en pourfil tout de meſme qu’auparavant.
 
|C’eſte cavation qui ſe fait à l’inſtant que la Partie commence à tresbucher du corps, eſt plus dangereuſe pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, que la precedente, qui ſe fait durant qu’il ſe ſouſtient le corps encor en balance, & par conſequent qu’il le peut miex gouverner. C’eſt la cauſe pourquoy nous avons voulu repreſenter ceſte deuxieme rencontre en figure, comme eſtant la plus difficile. Auſſi devez vous ſçavoir que c’eſt le temps que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie prendra le plus ſouvent pour tirer avec ſa cavation; que s’il attend encor d’avantage juſqu’à tant que le pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſoit en aćte de s’abaiſſer, de façon qu’il ne ſoit plus en ſon pouvoir de le planter autrepart, qu’à la lettre G. ou il s’attendoit d’aſſujettir l’eſpee, la cavation luy ſera, en ce faiſant, encor plus avantageuſe. Toutesfois on en fera la rencontre en la meſme ſorte, moyennant qu’on cōmence à travailler au commencement du temps, en mettant conſequemment le corps en pourfil tout de meſme qu’auparavant.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 3'''
+
|'''Circle No 3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This is the final part of the previous thrust, done by Alexander, moving forward, sliding the point of contact up the crossed blades with his arm straight and stepping with his right foot into the Centre, bending the right knee, to make his hit with the full weight of his body leaning forwards. He draws the left foot behind up to the letter G, so that he will connect with his opponent’s guard hard enough to force it away, and bending his opponent’s arm, and letting his opponent’s sword fall away to the side, he makes a large enough angle that his opponent loses all possibility of defense.
+
|This is the final part of Alexander’s thrust, from the previous Circle. He moves forward with his arm straight, sliding the point of contact up the crossed blades as he steps with his right foot into the Centre, bending the right knee and drawing the left foot behind up to the letter G, so as to put the full weight of his body leaning forwards behind the hit. Thus he will connect with his opponent’s guard hard enough to force it back, and his opponent’s arm to bend. He lets his opponent’s sword fall away to the side, and makes a large enough angle that his opponent loses all possibility of defense.
  
 
|C’eſt la finale execution de l’eſtocade precedente, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, en avançant le corps, graduant les lames avec le bras roide, & entrant avec le pied droit juſqu’au centre, en pliant le genouil d’iceluy, pour y faire avec l’execution du coup la charge du corps, en panchant ſur le devant; & trainant le pied gauche derriere bien pres de la lettre G. de ſorte qu’il vient rencontrer ſi rudement la garde contraire, qu’elle eſt contraint de luy ceder, & pliant le bras, & laiſſant eſcouler ſa lame à coſté; dont il ſe fait une ſi large ouverture d’angle, qu’il en perd toute apparance de ſa defenſe.
 
|C’eſt la finale execution de l’eſtocade precedente, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, en avançant le corps, graduant les lames avec le bras roide, & entrant avec le pied droit juſqu’au centre, en pliant le genouil d’iceluy, pour y faire avec l’execution du coup la charge du corps, en panchant ſur le devant; & trainant le pied gauche derriere bien pres de la lettre G. de ſorte qu’il vient rencontrer ſi rudement la garde contraire, qu’elle eſt contraint de luy ceder, & pliant le bras, & laiſſant eſcouler ſa lame à coſté; dont il ſe fait une ſi large ouverture d’angle, qu’il en perd toute apparance de ſa defenſe.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 4'''
+
|'''Circle No 4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This circular disengage was made even later than the previous one. After Alexander kept pushing his adversary’s sword aside at the Second Instance, as shown in Circle No 1. Zachary made a feint so as to be able to wound him with a Direct Line thrust to the face from the outside over the sword. He moves forward, stepping in with the right foot just beside the Diameter almost to the letter R, following on by shifting his weight onto the forward knee, in the usual style. At the same instant that Alexander feels his opponent’s sword leave his, he extends his arm and sword towards his opponent’s face, with the tip raised up a little, and leans back, while stepping backwards with his right foot, just beyond the Diameter, near the letter E, while moving his sword in a circular motion over and across his opponent’s, so as to hit him. His left foot follows, bringing it up into position, sliding the contact of his sword up his opponent’s, and turning sideways, as is shown in the picture.
+
|This circular disengage was made even later than the previous one, after Alexander subjugated his adversary’s sword, with an appropriate degree of force, as he moved over to the Second Instance, as shown in Circle No 1. Zachary made a feint so as to be able to wound him with a Direct Line thrust to the face from the outside and over his sword. He moved forward, stepping in with the right foot along Diameter almost to the letter R, following on by shifting his weight onto the forward knee, in the usual style. At the same instant that Alexander feels his opponent’s sword leave his, he extends his arm and sword towards his opponent’s face, with the tip raised up a little, and leans back, while stepping backwards with his right foot, just beyond the Diameter, near the letter E, while moving his sword in a circular motion over and across his opponent’s, so as to catch it and thrust at him. His left foot follows, bringing it up into position, sliding the contact of his sword up his opponent’s, and turning sideways, as is shown in the picture.
  
 
|Voicy une cavation qui a eſté faite encor plus tard, que la precedente. Car apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> tenoit l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie à la Seconde Inſtance, en la forme du Cercle 1. avec un ſentiment moderé de part & d’autre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy eſt venu faire une feinte pour le bleſſer en droite ligne au viſage, par dehors & par deſſus l’eſpee; en avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit un peu par deça le Diametre, quaſi à la lettre R. pourſuivant à faire la charge du corps ſur le genouil de devant, à la mode accouſtumée. Au meſme inſtant donc qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment de l’affoibliſſement de l’eſpee contraire ſe voulant delivrer de la ſienne, il luy eſtend le bras & l’eſpee devers le viſage, avec la pointe quelque peu hauſſé, marchant du pied droit à reculons avec la jambe roide & le dos panché à l’envers au delà du Diametre, & outre la lettre E. jettant au meſme temps ſon eſpee circulairement ſur l’eſpee de ſon contraire en croiſant, & luy donnant l’atteinte; laquelle il pourſuit avec le pied gauche, trainant proportionnellement apres, en graduant les eſpees, & ſe mettant en pourfil; comme il eſt demonſtré en ſa figure.
 
|Voicy une cavation qui a eſté faite encor plus tard, que la precedente. Car apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> tenoit l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie à la Seconde Inſtance, en la forme du Cercle 1. avec un ſentiment moderé de part & d’autre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy eſt venu faire une feinte pour le bleſſer en droite ligne au viſage, par dehors & par deſſus l’eſpee; en avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit un peu par deça le Diametre, quaſi à la lettre R. pourſuivant à faire la charge du corps ſur le genouil de devant, à la mode accouſtumée. Au meſme inſtant donc qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment de l’affoibliſſement de l’eſpee contraire ſe voulant delivrer de la ſienne, il luy eſtend le bras & l’eſpee devers le viſage, avec la pointe quelque peu hauſſé, marchant du pied droit à reculons avec la jambe roide & le dos panché à l’envers au delà du Diametre, & outre la lettre E. jettant au meſme temps ſon eſpee circulairement ſur l’eſpee de ſon contraire en croiſant, & luy donnant l’atteinte; laquelle il pourſuit avec le pied gauche, trainant proportionnellement apres, en graduant les eſpees, & ſe mettant en pourfil; comme il eſt demonſtré en ſa figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 5'''
+
|'''Circle No 5.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This is the final part of the execution of the thrust by Alexander. He keeps his arm straight, steps in along the Diameter between the letter H and the Centre, puts his weight over the forward knee, draws his left foot up behind, sliding up the blades until he strikes his opponents guard with all his strength so hard that he is forced to bend his arm and let his tip fly up at an obtuse angle, as is shown in the figure.
+
|Here Alexander executes the final part of his thrust. He keeps his arm straight, steps in along the Diameter between the letter H and the Centre, puts his weight over the forward knee, draws his left foot up behind, sliding up the blades until he strikes his opponents guard with all his strength so hard that Zachary is forced to bend his arm and let his tip fly up at an obtuse angle, as is shown in the figure.
  
 
|C’eſt icy l’execution finale de la meſme eſtocade, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> avec le bras roide, en entrant du pied droit ſur le Diametre entre la lettre H. & le Centre: continuant à faire la charge en panchant ſur le genouil anterieur, & à trainer le pied gauche apres, en graduant les lames juſqu’a rencontrer la garde de l’ennemi, de toute ſa force ſi rudement, qu’il le contraint de courber le bras, & de laiſſer aller ſa pointe en haut en angle obtus; comme on le voit repreſenté en ſa figure.
 
|C’eſt icy l’execution finale de la meſme eſtocade, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> avec le bras roide, en entrant du pied droit ſur le Diametre entre la lettre H. & le Centre: continuant à faire la charge en panchant ſur le genouil anterieur, & à trainer le pied gauche apres, en graduant les lames juſqu’a rencontrer la garde de l’ennemi, de toute ſa force ſi rudement, qu’il le contraint de courber le bras, & de laiſſer aller ſa pointe en haut en angle obtus; comme on le voit repreſenté en ſa figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 6'''
+
|'''Circle No 6.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.6.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.6.'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary again tries his circular disengagement, and consequent thrust with the timing and form as described above, in Circle No 4. Alexander prevents this another way, by stepping further in during the circular disengage, taking the Direct Line and thrusting through the head.''
+
|''Zachary again tries his circular disengagement, and subsequent thrust with the same timing and form as described above, in Circle No 4. Alexander prevents this another way, by stepping further in during the circular disengage, taking the Direct Line and thrusting through the head.''
  
 
|''Zacharie faiſant derechef le cavation, & conſequement l’eſtocade au temps & en la forme que deſſus, Cercle N.4. Alexandre le previent en une autre ſorte, ſe mettant durant le temps de la cavation dedans l’angle, en prennant la droite ligne, & luy perçant en rigueur la teſte.''
 
|''Zacharie faiſant derechef le cavation, & conſequement l’eſtocade au temps & en la forme que deſſus, Cercle N.4. Alexandre le previent en une autre ſorte, ſe mettant durant le temps de la cavation dedans l’angle, en prennant la droite ligne, & luy perçant en rigueur la teſte.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This action also follows on from Circle No 1. As Alexander moved carefully to the Second Instance, keeping his opponent’s sword away, off the line, with a sensitive, light touch, enough to hold it, but not more. Then Zachary again makes his circular disengage to the outside, coming in, with his arm extended, along the diameter, stepping between the letters V & R.
+
|This action also follows on from Circle No 1. As Alexander moved carefully to the Second Instance, keeping his opponent’s sword subjugated with a sensitive, light touch, enough to hold it, but not more. Then Zachary again makes his circular disengage to the outside, coming in, with his arm extended, along the diameter, stepping between the letters V & R.
  
 
|C’eſt operation procede auſſi de l’avantage repreſenté au Cercle 1. Car <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a eſté planté preallablement à la Seconde Inſtance, tenant l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie, avec un ſentiment mediocre & temperé des deux coſtez. Lors <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy a fait une cavation pour le bleſſer derechef au viſage par dehors l’eſpee, en entrant ſur luy avec le bras eſtendu ſur le Diametre, au milieu des lettres V. & R.
 
|C’eſt operation procede auſſi de l’avantage repreſenté au Cercle 1. Car <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a eſté planté preallablement à la Seconde Inſtance, tenant l’eſpee contraire aſſujettie, avec un ſentiment mediocre & temperé des deux coſtez. Lors <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy a fait une cavation pour le bleſſer derechef au viſage par dehors l’eſpee, en entrant ſur luy avec le bras eſtendu ſur le Diametre, au milieu des lettres V. & R.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|While it is true this situation resembles that of Circle No 4, in any case this is different. Because as soon as Alexander feels Zachary’s blade fall away, which it must to perform the circular disengage around his arm, which opens up an angle and uncovers his face before he can thrust, at that moment Alexander lengthens his arm in the Direct Line, moving into this angle, and stepping straight towards the enemy along the collateral, from where he had his right foot held stopped before, to the letter L, and delivers a thrust to his opponent’s uncovered face at the same time, in the same way and with the follow-through as has been described above, by putting weight on the forward knee while leaning, and drawing the left foot up behind, almost to G, as is shown in the figure, where he has executed a powerful blow.
+
|While this position very much resembles that of Circle No 4, this interaction is, however, different. Because as soon as Alexander feels Zachary’s blade fall away, which it must to perform the circular disengage around his arm, which also opens up an angle and leaves Zachary’s face uncovered for a moment before he can thrust. At that moment Alexander lengthens his arm in the Direct Line posture, moves into this angle, and, by stepping straight towards the enemy along the collateral, from where he had stopped his right foot before, up to the letter L, he delivers a thrust to his opponent’s uncovered face, in the same way and with the follow-through that has been described above, by putting his weight on the forward knee while leaning, and drawing the left foot up behind, almost to G, as is shown in the figure, where he has executed a powerful blow.
  
 
|Il eſt vray que l’occaſion eſt toute ſemblable à celle du Cercle 4. toutefois la rencontre en eſt differente. Car dés qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment, que la lame de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’affoiblit pour ſe deſtacher, dont elle ſera forcee (pour faire la cavation) d’aller circulairement à l’entour de ſon bras, & d’ouvrir un angle avec deſcouvrement du viſage, avant qu’il puiſſe donner l’atteinte; au meſme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> allonge le bras avec l’eſpee en ligne droite, ſe mettant dedans l’angle ſuſdit, & cheminant droitement ſur l’ennemi au long de la collaterale; ou il tenoit paravant le pied droit arreſté; le bleſſant au deſcouvert du viſage, & poſant le pied à terre à la lettre L. avec pourſuite & execution du meſme coup, à faire ainſi qu’il a eſté dit à pluſieurs fois cy deſſus, en chargeant le corps avec un panchement ſur le genouil de devant, & trainant le pied gauche proproionnellement derriere bien pres juſqu’au G. ainſi qu’il ſe voit en la figure, ou il s’en fait l’execution par rigueur.
 
|Il eſt vray que l’occaſion eſt toute ſemblable à celle du Cercle 4. toutefois la rencontre en eſt differente. Car dés qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le ſentiment, que la lame de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’affoiblit pour ſe deſtacher, dont elle ſera forcee (pour faire la cavation) d’aller circulairement à l’entour de ſon bras, & d’ouvrir un angle avec deſcouvrement du viſage, avant qu’il puiſſe donner l’atteinte; au meſme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> allonge le bras avec l’eſpee en ligne droite, ſe mettant dedans l’angle ſuſdit, & cheminant droitement ſur l’ennemi au long de la collaterale; ou il tenoit paravant le pied droit arreſté; le bleſſant au deſcouvert du viſage, & poſant le pied à terre à la lettre L. avec pourſuite & execution du meſme coup, à faire ainſi qu’il a eſté dit à pluſieurs fois cy deſſus, en chargeant le corps avec un panchement ſur le genouil de devant, & trainant le pied gauche proproionnellement derriere bien pres juſqu’au G. ainſi qu’il ſe voit en la figure, ou il s’en fait l’execution par rigueur.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 7'''
+
|'''Circle No 7.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.7'''
 
|'''Cercle N.7'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and tries his thrust to the face from the outside with a bent arm at the moment when Alexander begins to overbalance and step back to the ground. As Alexander put his foot down and straightened his tip, he changed direction and diverted his opponent’s sword, forcing it away to the outside, and putting himself into the open angle.''
+
|''Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and tries his thrust to the face from the outside with a bent arm at the moment when Alexander begins to overbalance and step back to the ground. As Alexander put his foot down and straightened his tip, he changed direction and diverted his opponent’s sword, subjugating it to the outside, and putting himself into the open angle.''
  
 
|''La cavitation eſtant fait par Zacharie, l’eſtocade tirée devers le viſage en dehors du bras en ligne courbé, au temps que le pied d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher en terre; ledit Alexandre ayant planté le pied & dreſſé ſa poinćte il en modere la courſe, & en divertiſſant l’eſpee contraire il l’aſſujettit en dehors, en ſe mettant dedans les angles.''
 
|''La cavitation eſtant fait par Zacharie, l’eſtocade tirée devers le viſage en dehors du bras en ligne courbé, au temps que le pied d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher en terre; ledit Alexandre ayant planté le pied & dreſſé ſa poinćte il en modere la courſe, & en divertiſſant l’eſpee contraire il l’aſſujettit en dehors, en ſe mettant dedans les angles.''
Line 3,976: Line 3,978:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|We again find our two opponents in the First Instance, and Alexander begins to work the same way, to sweep his opponent’s blade aside at the Second, having raised and moved his right foot, as per the instructions in Circle No 1, having carried the sword over to the point of over balancing. At this instant, Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and gives him a bent-arm thrust from outside the arm and above the sword, to the face, stepping with his right foot along the Diameter to the letter V.
+
|We again find our two opponents at the First Instance, and Alexander begins to work the same way. To subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second, he raised and moved his right foot, according to the instructions in Circle No 1, having forced the sword over, to the point where he begins to overbalance. At this instant, Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and gives him a bent-arm thrust from outside the arm and above the sword, to the face, stepping with his right foot along the Diameter to the letter V.
  
 
|S’eſtant derechef trouvez les deux contraires à la Premiere Inſtance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler encor de meſme, pour faire l’aſſujetiſſement à la Seconde, ayant hauſſé & avancé le pied droit, ſuivant les inſtrućtions du Cercle 1. & emporté l’eſpee, juſqu’à ce qu’il vient ſur le point de tresbucher: auquel inſtant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait la cavation, & luy porte une eſtocade courbe, en dehors du bras & par deſſus l’eſpee devers le viſage, entrant du pied droit ſur le Diametre à la lettre V.
 
|S’eſtant derechef trouvez les deux contraires à la Premiere Inſtance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler encor de meſme, pour faire l’aſſujetiſſement à la Seconde, ayant hauſſé & avancé le pied droit, ſuivant les inſtrućtions du Cercle 1. & emporté l’eſpee, juſqu’à ce qu’il vient ſur le point de tresbucher: auquel inſtant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait la cavation, & luy porte une eſtocade courbe, en dehors du bras & par deſſus l’eſpee devers le viſage, entrant du pied droit ſur le Diametre à la lettre V.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander again feels the lower blade begin to disengage, at that instant he extends his arm and sword, but deliberately towards his opponent’s face, setting his right foot down at the letter G. He swiftly picks up his left. Upon percieving the bent-arm, and how his enemy is bending his arm to the inside, with the interior branch of the crosspiece turned diagonally upwards, and the tip of his adversary’s sword coming at his face. He interrupts the thrust of the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face mid-way and turns it to his own defence, crossing swords to the outside, his tip raised up and his guard lowered with his arm extended, which he does while he is moving forward and stepping in with his left side, pivoting around on his right foot, all the while putting the 5th Span of his blade against the 8th Span of his opponent. He supports his arm with the weight of his body, holding his elbow against his side, and moves beyond the Perpendicular Diameter into the open angle that he creates as he forces his opponent’s sword aside, putting his left foot down beyond the Diameter at the letter Q. Then holding his opponent’s sword down with carefully applied force, he aims his tip upwards against his opponent, with his body leaning slightly forwards, and his forward knee bent, as is shown in the figure.
+
|Alexander once again feels the lower blade begin to disengage, at that instant he extends his arm and sword, but deliberately towards his opponent’s face, setting his right foot down at the letter G. He swiftly picks up his left. Upon percieving the bent-arm, how his enemy is folding his arm to the inside, with the interior branch of the crosspiece turned diagonally upwards, and the tip of his adversary’s sword coming at his face, he interrupts the thrust of the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face mid-way and turns it to his own defence, crossing swords to the outside, his tip raised up and his guard lowered with his arm extended, which he does while he is moving forward and stepping in with his left side, pivoting around on his right foot, all the while putting the 5th Span of his blade against the 8th Span of his opponent. He supports his arm with his body, holding his elbow against his side, and moves beyond the Perpendicular Diameter into the open angle that he creates as he forces his opponent’s sword aside, putting his left foot down beyond the Diameter at the letter Q. Then holding his opponent’s sword down with carefully applied force, he aims his tip upwards, with his body leaning slightly forwards, and his forward knee bent, as is shown in the figure.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant derechef par le ſentiment, que la lame inferieure ſe commence à deſtacher, tout au meſme inſtant il allonge le bras & l’eſpee, mais lentement en ligne droite devers le viſage d’iceluy, abaiſſant le pied droit à la lettre G. & eſlevant fort haſtivement le gauche: lors s’appercevant de la courbe, & comment ſon ennemi ſe plie le bras en dedans, avec la branche interieure de la garde tournée diagonalement en haut, & la pointe venante vers ſon viſage; il arreſte la courſe de ſa pointe, qui eſtoit en train & à my-chemin de donner au viſage du contraire, dont il la deſtourne en faiſant ſa defenſe, & accouplant les eſpees par dehors le bras en croiſant, ſa pointe dreſſée en haut, & ſa garde deſcendante avec le bras eſtendu (ce qu’il fait durant l’avancement & l’entree du coſté gauche) tournant le corps ſur le pied droit en forme circulaire, de façon qu’il aſſemble durant ce meſme temps ſon Nombre 5. avec le Nombre 8. peu plus ou moins de ſa partie; & aſſiſte le bras de l’aide du corps, l’affermiſſant contre le flanc, & ſe met au dedans de la perpendiculaire & des angles qu’il s’ouvre luy meſme en deſtournant l’eſpee contraire, poſant le pied gauche à terre par deça le Diametre à la lettre Q. & tenant l’eſpee contraire en devoir avec un ſentiment temperé, ſa pointe dreſſée contremont, avec le corps un bien peu panchant, & le genouil de la jambe anterieure plié; comme il ſe voit en la figure.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant derechef par le ſentiment, que la lame inferieure ſe commence à deſtacher, tout au meſme inſtant il allonge le bras & l’eſpee, mais lentement en ligne droite devers le viſage d’iceluy, abaiſſant le pied droit à la lettre G. & eſlevant fort haſtivement le gauche: lors s’appercevant de la courbe, & comment ſon ennemi ſe plie le bras en dedans, avec la branche interieure de la garde tournée diagonalement en haut, & la pointe venante vers ſon viſage; il arreſte la courſe de ſa pointe, qui eſtoit en train & à my-chemin de donner au viſage du contraire, dont il la deſtourne en faiſant ſa defenſe, & accouplant les eſpees par dehors le bras en croiſant, ſa pointe dreſſée en haut, & ſa garde deſcendante avec le bras eſtendu (ce qu’il fait durant l’avancement & l’entree du coſté gauche) tournant le corps ſur le pied droit en forme circulaire, de façon qu’il aſſemble durant ce meſme temps ſon Nombre 5. avec le Nombre 8. peu plus ou moins de ſa partie; & aſſiſte le bras de l’aide du corps, l’affermiſſant contre le flanc, & ſe met au dedans de la perpendiculaire & des angles qu’il s’ouvre luy meſme en deſtournant l’eſpee contraire, poſant le pied gauche à terre par deça le Diametre à la lettre Q. & tenant l’eſpee contraire en devoir avec un ſentiment temperé, ſa pointe dreſſée contremont, avec le corps un bien peu panchant, & le genouil de la jambe anterieure plié; comme il ſe voit en la figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|It is worthwhile to make a few points about this last action, because it frequently happens that we are presented with a bent-line attack.
+
|It is worthwhile to make a few points about this last action, because it frequently happens, in almost all circumstances, that we are faced with a bent-arm attack.
  
 
|Il vaut la peine de faire quelques annotations ſur ceſte derniere operation, à cauſe qu’elle vient ſouvent à propos, quaſi en toutes occurrences, où on nous preſente la courbe.
 
|Il vaut la peine de faire quelques annotations ſur ceſte derniere operation, à cauſe qu’elle vient ſouvent à propos, quaſi en toutes occurrences, où on nous preſente la courbe.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|To begin, take the first case where the enemy makes his circular disengagement and thrust, as soon as you have attacked his sword at the First Instance and raised your right foot. The remedy to this is to advance your raised foot with a short step in a direct line, in the Circle, a little beside the Diameter, while keeping the rest of the precepts.
+
|To begin, take the first case where the enemy makes his circular disengagement and thrust, as soon as you have raised your right foot and attacked his sword at the First Instance. The remedy to this is to advance your raised foot with a short step in a direct line, in the Circle, a little beside the Diameter, while keeping the rest of the precepts.
  
 
|Et premierement poſé le cas, que l’ennemi vous en tire une en faiſant la cavation, dés que vous avez levé le pied droit, & attaqué ſon eſpee à la Premiere Inſtance. Le remede ſera d’avancer le pied, qui eſt eſlevé, d’un pas mediocre en ligne droite, en dedans du Cercle, un peu par deça le Diametre, en obſervant au reſte les meſmes præceptes.
 
|Et premierement poſé le cas, que l’ennemi vous en tire une en faiſant la cavation, dés que vous avez levé le pied droit, & attaqué ſon eſpee à la Premiere Inſtance. Le remede ſera d’avancer le pied, qui eſt eſlevé, d’un pas mediocre en ligne droite, en dedans du Cercle, un peu par deça le Diametre, en obſervant au reſte les meſmes præceptes.
Line 4,000: Line 4,002:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|For the second case, he makes his circular disengagement while you are moving your right foot towards the Second Instance, while you can still respond. The remedy will again be to move the foot directly towards him, with a short step, and putting it down on the Exterior Transverse between the letters G and E.
+
|For the second case, he makes his circular disengagement while you are moving your right foot towards the Second Instance, but while you can still respond. The remedy will again be to move the foot directly towards him, with a short step, and putting it down on the Exterior Transverse between the letters G and E.
  
 
|Pour le ſecond, qu’il face la cavation durant l’avancement du pied droit, allant devers la Seconde Inſtance, tandis que vous l’avez encore à commandement. Le remede ſera derechef de porter le pied droitement ſur luy, en faiſant un pas mediocre, & le plantant ſur la traverſante exterieure entre les deux lettres G. E.
 
|Pour le ſecond, qu’il face la cavation durant l’avancement du pied droit, allant devers la Seconde Inſtance, tandis que vous l’avez encore à commandement. Le remede ſera derechef de porter le pied droitement ſur luy, en faiſant un pas mediocre, & le plantant ſur la traverſante exterieure entre les deux lettres G. E.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|He might also make his circular disengagement at the instant when the body and foot are in the middle of overbalancing, in such as way that it is impossible for you to put your foot anywhere but at the letter G, as intended. This is the most dangerous moment of all. For as you overbalance with your body and your blade, they are that much more difficult to control, and to use for your defence. This is why we chose this moment to illustrate the Plate, as being the most advantageous for the lower blade.
+
|He might also make his circular disengagement at the instant when the body and foot are at the point of overbalancing, in such as way that it is impossible for you to put your foot anywhere but at the letter G, as intended. This is the most dangerous moment of all. For as you overbalance with your body and your blade, they are that much more difficult to control and use for your defence. This is why we chose this moment to illustrate the Plate, as being the most advantageous for the lower blade.
  
 
|Il pourra auſſi faire ſa cavation, à l’inſtant que le corps & le pied ſont deſia en aćte de tresbucher, de façon qu’il vous eſt impoſſible de divertir le pied, qu’il ne tombe à la lettre G. Selon voſtre premiere intention: que eſt le temps le plus dangereux de touts. Car d’autant que vous tresbuchez du corps & de la lame, auſſi ſont ils plus difficiles à gouverner, & à vous en ſervir pour la defenſe. C’eſt pourquoy nous avons propoſé au Tableau ce temps pour un exemple, comme eſtant le plus avantageux pour la lame inferieure.
 
|Il pourra auſſi faire ſa cavation, à l’inſtant que le corps & le pied ſont deſia en aćte de tresbucher, de façon qu’il vous eſt impoſſible de divertir le pied, qu’il ne tombe à la lettre G. Selon voſtre premiere intention: que eſt le temps le plus dangereux de touts. Car d’autant que vous tresbuchez du corps & de la lame, auſſi ſont ils plus difficiles à gouverner, & à vous en ſervir pour la defenſe. C’eſt pourquoy nous avons propoſé au Tableau ce temps pour un exemple, comme eſtant le plus avantageux pour la lame inferieure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Sometimes he will do his circular disengagement after his sword is forced aside as it appears in Circle No 1. Then you should once again move in a little with the right foot, and raise the left foot, at the same time moving it forward in a circular motion, by pivoting on the right, and following on as previously described.
+
|Sometimes he will do his circular disengagement after his sword is subjugated as it appears in Circle No 1. Then you should once again move in a little with the right foot, and at the same time raise the left foot, move it forward in a circular motion, by pivoting on the right, and following on as previously described.
  
 
|Il fera quelquefois ſa cavation apres l’aſſujettiſſement de ſon eſpee accompli en la forme du Cercle 1. Lors il vous conviendra derechef entrer quelque peu avec le pied droit, en eſlevant quant & quant le gauche, & le portant circulirement en avant, avec un tour du corps pour faire ſur le pied droit, & enſuivant au reſte la deſcription, qui en a eſté donnée.
 
|Il fera quelquefois ſa cavation apres l’aſſujettiſſement de ſon eſpee accompli en la forme du Cercle 1. Lors il vous conviendra derechef entrer quelque peu avec le pied droit, en eſlevant quant & quant le gauche, & le portant circulirement en avant, avec un tour du corps pour faire ſur le pied droit, & enſuivant au reſte la deſcription, qui en a eſté donnée.
Line 4,024: Line 4,026:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Note this last one is the safest for Alexander. In this case, he is best served by the instructions for Circle No 6. Because after he reaches the Second Instance, there is no significant difference in whether Zachary comes at him with a direct line thrust or a bent-arm thrust. Because in either case, he must pass his sword in a circular move underneath the guard before he can raise the tip up to point at the face. The way in which Alexander has a good regard for the feel of the blade, and if he begins his work as soon as the enemy begins, by extending the arm and sword, moving his body forward, and stepping in with the right foot, he will have wounded his enemy, by putting himself into the angles, before his opponent’s sword has finished its circular disengagement.
+
|Note this last one is the safest for Alexander. In this case, he is best served by the instructions for Circle No 6. Because after he reaches the Second Instance, there is no significant difference in whether Zachary comes at him with a direct line thrust or a bent-arm thrust. Because in either case, he must pass his sword in a circular move underneath the guard before he can raise the tip up to point at the face. The way in which Alexander has a care for the feel of the blade, and if he begins his work as soon as the enemy begins, by extending the arm and sword, moving his body forward, and stepping in with the right foot, he will have wounded his enemy, by putting himself inside the angles, before his opponent’s sword has finished its circular disengagement.
  
 
|Or ce dernier temps c’eſt le plus ſeur de tous pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre. Et vaut mieux qu’en telle rencontre il ſe ſerve des inſtrućtions du Cercle 6. Car apres qu’il eſt venu ſi avant, que de s’eſtre mis à la Seconde Inſtance, ſoit que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie luy tire ceſte eſtocade en ligne droite, ou en ligne courbe, il n’y a pas grand differēce. Car auſſi bien faut il neceſſairement, qu’il paſſe l’eſpee circulairement par deſſoubs, avant que de la remonter en haut pour vous tirer vers le viſage. De maniere que ſi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre prend bon eſgard au ſentiment, & qu’il commence à travailler dés que l’ennemi commence, en allongeant le bras & l’eſpee, avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit, il aura bleſſé l’ennemi, en ſe logeant dedans les angles, avant que l’eſpee contraire ait accompli ſa cavation.
 
|Or ce dernier temps c’eſt le plus ſeur de tous pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre. Et vaut mieux qu’en telle rencontre il ſe ſerve des inſtrućtions du Cercle 6. Car apres qu’il eſt venu ſi avant, que de s’eſtre mis à la Seconde Inſtance, ſoit que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie luy tire ceſte eſtocade en ligne droite, ou en ligne courbe, il n’y a pas grand differēce. Car auſſi bien faut il neceſſairement, qu’il paſſe l’eſpee circulairement par deſſoubs, avant que de la remonter en haut pour vous tirer vers le viſage. De maniere que ſi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre prend bon eſgard au ſentiment, & qu’il commence à travailler dés que l’ennemi commence, en allongeant le bras & l’eſpee, avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit, il aura bleſſé l’ennemi, en ſe logeant dedans les angles, avant que l’eſpee contraire ait accompli ſa cavation.
Line 4,030: Line 4,032:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Furthermore, questions and doubts will frequently present themselves for debate when performing this exercise, which occur when moving from the Second to the Third Instance. To examine them, they must necessarily be put to the test. In that case, to come to the point in question, which occurs between the Second and Third Instance, one usually dispenses with the process of carefully moving to the Second. In the event your partner decides to be rude and try, during the initial steps (which ought to be done without any real threat, in a purely perfunctory way, because otherwise the point in question cannot be explored if the stage of forcing aside the sword is not easily and quickly reached) to do a circular disengagement to try and hit us in the face in the direct line, you cannot respond as you otherwise would, since you are not watching out while stepping. (ed. op.: Get a new partner.) You can quickly respond with this current action, by turning the left side forward. That way your face, which is the target he was aiming at, will be out of the way, and you will gain the advantage of timing and ease of execution to follow the rest of the examples of bent-arm strikes described in Circles No 7 & 8.
+
|Furthermore, when performing this training,  questions and points for debate will frequently present themselves for discussion when moving from the Second to the Third Instance. To examine these, they must necessarily be put to the test. In that case, to come straight to the points in question, which occur between the Second and Third Instance, one usually dispenses with the process of carefully moving to the Second. In the event your partner decides to be rude and try, during the initial steps (which ought to be done without any real threat, in a purely perfunctory way, because otherwise the point in question cannot be explored if the stage of subjugating the sword is not easily and quickly reached) to do a circular disengagement to try and hit to the face in the direct line attack, you cannot respond as you otherwise would, since you are not watching out while stepping.* You can, however, quickly respond with this move, by turning the left side forward. That way your face, which is the target he was aiming at, will be out of the way, and you will gain the advantage of timing and ease of execution to follow the rest of the examples of bent-arm strikes described in Circles No 7 & 8.
 +
*(Note: find a new partner.)
  
 
|En outre comme il ſe preſentera ſouventesfois en faiſant l’Exercice, des doubtes à debattre touchant operations, qui ont leur uſage en allant de la Seconde Inſtance à la Troiſieme. Pour leſquelles examiner il eſt neceſſaire d’en faire l’eſpreuve: & qu’en tel cas, pour venir au poinćt de la diſpute, qui giſt entre la Seconde & la Troiſieme Inſtance, on ſe diſpenſe ordinairement d’aller juſqu’à la Seconde avec moins de circonſpećtion. s’Il advient donc, que la partie adverſe nous abuſe durant ce premier temps (qui devroit eſtre exempt de toutes traverſes, à cauſe que le debat ne ſe peut vuider, qu’apres l’aſſujettiſſement de l’eſpee deuement & librement accompli:) s’il nous donne donc en ce temps la quelque traverſe de cavation, pour nous toucher le viſage en droite ligne, on ne pourra faire ſi bien la rencontre en ligne droite, comme il  ſeroit requis, pour n’avoir aſſez bien commené la beſogne. Vous pourrez amender ceſte inadvertence par le moyen & à l’exemple de ceſte operation preſente, en faiſant avec le coſté gauche du corps tourné en devant; dont le viſage, qui eſt le poinćt où il avoit deſtiné l’atteinte ſortira de preſence, & ſi en gaignerez vous le temps & la commodité de pourſuivre le reſte à l’exemple des courbes, ſuivant la deſcription de ces Cercles 7. & 8.
 
|En outre comme il ſe preſentera ſouventesfois en faiſant l’Exercice, des doubtes à debattre touchant operations, qui ont leur uſage en allant de la Seconde Inſtance à la Troiſieme. Pour leſquelles examiner il eſt neceſſaire d’en faire l’eſpreuve: & qu’en tel cas, pour venir au poinćt de la diſpute, qui giſt entre la Seconde & la Troiſieme Inſtance, on ſe diſpenſe ordinairement d’aller juſqu’à la Seconde avec moins de circonſpećtion. s’Il advient donc, que la partie adverſe nous abuſe durant ce premier temps (qui devroit eſtre exempt de toutes traverſes, à cauſe que le debat ne ſe peut vuider, qu’apres l’aſſujettiſſement de l’eſpee deuement & librement accompli:) s’il nous donne donc en ce temps la quelque traverſe de cavation, pour nous toucher le viſage en droite ligne, on ne pourra faire ſi bien la rencontre en ligne droite, comme il  ſeroit requis, pour n’avoir aſſez bien commené la beſogne. Vous pourrez amender ceſte inadvertence par le moyen & à l’exemple de ceſte operation preſente, en faiſant avec le coſté gauche du corps tourné en devant; dont le viſage, qui eſt le poinćt où il avoit deſtiné l’atteinte ſortira de preſence, & ſi en gaignerez vous le temps & la commodité de pourſuivre le reſte à l’exemple des courbes, ſuivant la deſcription de ces Cercles 7. & 8.
Line 4,036: Line 4,039:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Likewise, it sometimes happens that you make too much effort moving the opponent’s sword in order to force it aside, or move your right foot too quickly, and your opponent chooses that moment to perform his circular disengagement. You cannot make use of the Direct Line because you are already committed to the move and would become unbalanced. Nevertheless, you can recover by using this counter against bent-arm attacks.
+
|Likewise, it sometimes happens that you put too much effort into moving the opponent’s sword in order to subjugate it, or move your right foot too quickly, and thereupon your opponent chooses that moment to perform his circular disengagement. You cannot make use of the Direct Line because you are already committed to the move and have become unbalanced. Nevertheless, you can recover by using this counter against bent-arm attacks.
  
 
|Pareillement s’il advient, que vous ayez fait trop d’effort en emportant l’eſpee contraire pour l’aller aſſujettir, ou que le pied droit ait cheminé trop viſtement; & que la deſſus la partie adverſe face la cavation; ne vous pouvant ſervir aſſez juſtement de la ligne droite, à cauſe du tresbuchement inevitable, pour la faute qui eſt deſia commiſe: elle pourra neantmoins eſtre amandée par la meſme operation de la rencontre des courbes.
 
|Pareillement s’il advient, que vous ayez fait trop d’effort en emportant l’eſpee contraire pour l’aller aſſujettir, ou que le pied droit ait cheminé trop viſtement; & que la deſſus la partie adverſe face la cavation; ne vous pouvant ſervir aſſez juſtement de la ligne droite, à cauſe du tresbuchement inevitable, pour la faute qui eſt deſia commiſe: elle pourra neantmoins eſtre amandée par la meſme operation de la rencontre des courbes.
Line 4,042: Line 4,045:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|If you find yourself overbalanced, as mentioned above, through carelessness or in error, nothing is keeping you from turning it into a stratagem, to assault your opponent, either stepping forward vigorously, or harshly attacking opponents swords to make him bend over, to try and strike your face from the outside. If this occurs, it is very easy to counter with the actions shown in Circle No 7. Because the swifter the motion you make when attacking his sword, the more you have the momentum and control to vault the left side forward, entering in with the left foot, and so regain control over the opponent’s sword attacking from the outside and following on as in the example, above.
+
|If, through carelessness or by mistake, you find yourself overbalanced, as described above, nothing is keeping you from turning it into a stratagem to assault your opponent. You can either step forward vigorously, or harshly attack your opponents swords to give him the opportunity bend over, to try and strike your face from the outside. If this occurs, it is very easy to counter with the actions shown in Circle No 7. Because the swifter the motion you make when attacking his sword, the more you have the momentum and control to vault the left side forward, entering in with the left foot, and so regain control over the opponent’s sword as he attacks from the outside and following on as in the example, above.
  
 
|Or ſi le tresbuchement dernierement dit, vous eſt arrivé par nonchalence our par meſgarde, auſſi rien n’empeſche que il ne vous puiſſe aucunefois ſervir comme d’un ſtratageme, pour abuſer le contraire; en cheminant furieuſement en avant, ou en attaquant bien rudement les eſpees, afin qu’il ait occaſion de caver, avec apparance de vous toucher par dehors au viſage. En ceſte occurrence il ſera fort facile de le rencontrer avec ceſt operation du Cercle 7. Car d’autant plus de courſe, qu’on ſe donne en attaquant les eſpees, d’autant plus a on le corps prompt & à commandement, pour ſe volter le coſté gauche devant, en faiſant l’entrade avec le pied ſeneſtre; & pour reprendre tant plus viſtement la ſuperiorité ſur l’eſpee contraire en l’affrontant par dehors, & pourſuivant à l’exemple de ce que deſſus.
 
|Or ſi le tresbuchement dernierement dit, vous eſt arrivé par nonchalence our par meſgarde, auſſi rien n’empeſche que il ne vous puiſſe aucunefois ſervir comme d’un ſtratageme, pour abuſer le contraire; en cheminant furieuſement en avant, ou en attaquant bien rudement les eſpees, afin qu’il ait occaſion de caver, avec apparance de vous toucher par dehors au viſage. En ceſte occurrence il ſera fort facile de le rencontrer avec ceſt operation du Cercle 7. Car d’autant plus de courſe, qu’on ſe donne en attaquant les eſpees, d’autant plus a on le corps prompt & à commandement, pour ſe volter le coſté gauche devant, en faiſant l’entrade avec le pied ſeneſtre; & pour reprendre tant plus viſtement la ſuperiorité ſur l’eſpee contraire en l’affrontant par dehors, & pourſuivant à l’exemple de ce que deſſus.
Line 4,048: Line 4,051:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 8'''
+
|'''Circle No 8.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.8.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.8.'''
  
Line 4,077: Line 4,080:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 9'''
+
|'''Circle No 9.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.9.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.9.'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''At the very instant that Alexander begins to overbalance, Zachary disengages his sword and aims an acute angle thrust at his stomach, with his hand slightly raised. So Alexander draws his foot back, turning the right side outwards, with his arm and guard dropping down onto his adversary’s blade, his left foot going as far around as needed.''
+
|''At the very instant that Alexander begins to overbalance, Zachary disengages his sword and aims thrust at an acute angle towards his stomach, with his hand slightly raised. So Alexander draws his foot back, turning the right side outwards, with his arm and guard dropping down onto his adversary’s blade, his left foot going as far around as needed.''
  
 
|''A l’inſtant que le corps d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher; Zacharie deſtache les eſpees, & luy tire en angle aigu devers le ventre avec la main un peu haute. Dont Alexandre retire le pied, en ſe deſtournant le coſté droit en dehors, avec le bras & la garde deſcendant ſur la lame contraire, le pied gauche allant cependant en rond à meſure que la proportion le requiert.''
 
|''A l’inſtant que le corps d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher; Zacharie deſtache les eſpees, & luy tire en angle aigu devers le ventre avec la main un peu haute. Dont Alexandre retire le pied, en ſe deſtournant le coſté droit en dehors, avec le bras & la garde deſcendant ſur la lame contraire, le pied gauche allant cependant en rond à meſure que la proportion le requiert.''
Line 4,088: Line 4,091:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|The two begin in the First Instance. Alexander has begun his attack the same as before, that is, he has crossed his opponent’s blade to the inside of the arm, while raising and moving his right foot to force his opponents blade aside at the Second Instance before the Diameter. While doing this, at the very instant that his body begins to overbalance, Zachary steps forward with his right foot, and disengages his sword. At the same time that he sets his foot down, a little beside the Diameter near R, he bends his knee and puts his weight on it, straightens his arm, and aims his thrust at an acute angle downwards at his opponent’s lower body. He keeps his shoulder protected by his sword-guard, but his face is open. Alexander recognizes what is happening, partly by sight, seeing his opponent’s body begins to move forward, and partly by feel that he is about to disengage his sword. He does not complete his step with his right foot, which should go as far as the Second Instance, but in place of this, because his body is still enough in balance that he can change where his foot is going, he draws his foot back, putting his toes down on the Oblique Diameter G-I and his heel on the Circumference. At the same time that he moves his left foot circularly around to bring it up into place, he also turns his right foot, pointing his right toes towards his opponent, and by this same motion withdraws his lower right side a little to the outside, leaning his upper body forward, straightening and lowering his arm, so that the guard of his sword is pressing down on top of his opponent’s sword. As his opponent’s tip continues to move towards his body, he continues to withdraw the lower part of his body, while sliding the point of contact up the two blades, so that they become almost parallel, with the lower one underneath the exterior branch of the crossguard. This is what is shown by the figures.
+
|The two begin at the First Instance. Alexander has begun his attack the same as before, that is, he has crossed his opponent’s blade to the inside of the arm, while raising and moving his right foot to subjugate his opponents blade at the Second Instance just above the Diameter. While doing this, at the very instant that his body begins to overbalance, Zachary steps forward with his right foot, and disengages his sword. At the same time that he sets his foot down, a little along the Diameter near R, he bends his knee and puts his weight on it, straightens his arm, and aims his thrust at an acute angle downwards at his opponent’s lower body. He keeps his shoulder protected by his sword-guard, but his face is open. Alexander realizes, partly by sight, that his opponent’s body has begun to move forward, and partly by feel that he is about to disengage his sword. He does not complete his step with his right foot, which should go as far as the Second Instance, but instead, because his body is still enough in balance that he can change direction where his foot is going, he draws his foot back, putting his toes down on the Oblique Diameter G-I and his heel on the Circumference. At the same time that he moves his left foot circularly around to bring it up into place, he also turns his right foot, pointing his right toes towards his opponent, and by this same motion withdraws his lower right side a little back and to the outside, leaning his upper body forward, straightening and lowering his arm, so that the guard of his sword is pressing down on top of his opponent’s sword. As his opponent’s tip continues to move towards his body, he continues to withdraw the lower part of his body, while sliding the point of contact up the two blades, so that they become almost parallel, with the lower one underneath the exterior branch of the crossguard. This is what is shown by the figures.
  
 
|Les deux parties s’eſtants premierement tenu ſur la Premiere Inſtance; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler tout de meſme qu’auparavant, ſçavoir eſt, qu’il a touché la lame contraire avec la ſienne en dedans du bras, en eſlevant & avançant le pied droit pour faire l’aſſujettiſſement à la Seconde Inſtance par deſſoubs le Diametre. Ce que faiſant, au meſme Inſtant que le corps luy commence à tresbucher, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance le corps avec le pied droićt en deſtachant ſon eſpee, & plante le pied quand & quand un peu deça le Diametre aupres de R, pliant le genouil, & panchant le corps deſſus, tirant ſon eſtocade en angle aigu avec le bras roide vers la partie inferieure du corps de ſa partie adverſe; demeurant ſon eſpaule droite couverte par la garde de l’eſpee, mais le viſage à deſcouvert. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> recognoiſſant en partie à veuë d’œil, que le corps de ſon Contraire ſe commence à avancer, en partie auſſi par le ſentiment qu’il va deſtacher ſon eſpee, il ne pourſuit pas la demarche du pied droit, qui devoit aller juſqu’à la Seconde Inſtance, mais au lieu de ce faire (puis que le corps eſt encor en balance, en ſorte qu’il en peut divertir le pas) il retire le pied arriere le plantant ſur la Circonference & ſur le Diametre oblicq G I; tournoyant quand & quand le pied gauche circulairement, & le plantant en diſtance proportionelle derriere l’autre, tournant enſemblement auſſi les deux pieds, les orteils devant direćtement contre ſa partie, & au meſme moyen auſſi retirant un peu en dehors la partie inferieure du coſté droit, avec panchement de la partie ſuperieure, fait avec le bras roide en deſcendant en ſorte, qu’il vient à mettre ſon eſpee avec la garde ſur l’eſpee contraire. Et à meſure que la pointe contraire s’avance vers la partie inferieure de ſon corps, ainſi à l’advenant il s’eſloigne avec ladite partie inferieure, deſgraduant cependant les deux lames, en ſorte qu’elles viennent à ſe rendre quaſi paralleles l’une à l’autre, & celle de deſſoubs à ſe retrouver ſoubs la branche exterieure de ſa garde. C’eſt ce qui eſt repreſenté par les figures.
 
|Les deux parties s’eſtants premierement tenu ſur la Premiere Inſtance; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler tout de meſme qu’auparavant, ſçavoir eſt, qu’il a touché la lame contraire avec la ſienne en dedans du bras, en eſlevant & avançant le pied droit pour faire l’aſſujettiſſement à la Seconde Inſtance par deſſoubs le Diametre. Ce que faiſant, au meſme Inſtant que le corps luy commence à tresbucher, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance le corps avec le pied droićt en deſtachant ſon eſpee, & plante le pied quand & quand un peu deça le Diametre aupres de R, pliant le genouil, & panchant le corps deſſus, tirant ſon eſtocade en angle aigu avec le bras roide vers la partie inferieure du corps de ſa partie adverſe; demeurant ſon eſpaule droite couverte par la garde de l’eſpee, mais le viſage à deſcouvert. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> recognoiſſant en partie à veuë d’œil, que le corps de ſon Contraire ſe commence à avancer, en partie auſſi par le ſentiment qu’il va deſtacher ſon eſpee, il ne pourſuit pas la demarche du pied droit, qui devoit aller juſqu’à la Seconde Inſtance, mais au lieu de ce faire (puis que le corps eſt encor en balance, en ſorte qu’il en peut divertir le pas) il retire le pied arriere le plantant ſur la Circonference & ſur le Diametre oblicq G I; tournoyant quand & quand le pied gauche circulairement, & le plantant en diſtance proportionelle derriere l’autre, tournant enſemblement auſſi les deux pieds, les orteils devant direćtement contre ſa partie, & au meſme moyen auſſi retirant un peu en dehors la partie inferieure du coſté droit, avec panchement de la partie ſuperieure, fait avec le bras roide en deſcendant en ſorte, qu’il vient à mettre ſon eſpee avec la garde ſur l’eſpee contraire. Et à meſure que la pointe contraire s’avance vers la partie inferieure de ſon corps, ainſi à l’advenant il s’eſloigne avec ladite partie inferieure, deſgraduant cependant les deux lames, en ſorte qu’elles viennent à ſe rendre quaſi paralleles l’une à l’autre, & celle de deſſoubs à ſe retrouver ſoubs la branche exterieure de ſa garde. C’eſt ce qui eſt repreſenté par les figures.
Line 4,100: Line 4,103:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Furthermore, this action can be performed at three other moments. First, when Alexander is just raising his foot and is ready to cross swords, or they are already in contact and he is about to move it towards the Second Instance, in order to force it aside like before. If Zachary moves at this moment by stepping with his right foot forward to the letter R, as above, Alexander will again meet his low thrust with this same action, that is, withdrawing his right foot, leaning forward, and lowering his arm, the only difference being that at this time, having not yet moved, he draws his foot straight back, and sets it back down on the Diameter in the Quadrangle, otherwise performing the rest of the movement the same as above.
+
|Furthermore, there are three other moments when this action can be done. First, when Alexander is just raising his foot and is ready to cross swords, or they are already in contact and he is about to move it towards the Second Instance, in order to subjugate it as before. If Zachary moves at this moment by stepping with his right foot forward to the letter R, as above, Alexander will again meet his low thrust with this same action, that is, withdrawing his right foot, leaning forward, and lowering his arm, the only difference being that at this time, having not yet moved, he draws his foot straight back, and sets it back down on the Diameter in the Quadrangle, otherwise performing the rest of the movement the same as above.
  
 
|Au reſte cette meſme operation peut encore eſtre pratiquée en trois autres temps; Premierement lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en eſlevant le pied s’appreſte d’accoupler les eſpees, ou qu’il les a deſia accoupleées pour les emmener & aſſujettir à la Seconde Inſtance, ainſi qu’auparavant. Car ſi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance la deſſus avec le pied droit, comme il eſt dit, juſqu’à la lettre R: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> rencontrera derechef ſon eſtocade avec ceſte meſme operation, aſſavoir avec le retirement du pied droit, panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, & abaiſſement du bras avec l’eſpee; n’y ayant que ceſte difference, que en ceſte preſente occaſion il retirera le pied eſlevé droitement arriere, & le plantera ſur le Diametre du quadrangle, procedant en tout le reſte ainſi que devant.
 
|Au reſte cette meſme operation peut encore eſtre pratiquée en trois autres temps; Premierement lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en eſlevant le pied s’appreſte d’accoupler les eſpees, ou qu’il les a deſia accoupleées pour les emmener & aſſujettir à la Seconde Inſtance, ainſi qu’auparavant. Car ſi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance la deſſus avec le pied droit, comme il eſt dit, juſqu’à la lettre R: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> rencontrera derechef ſon eſtocade avec ceſte meſme operation, aſſavoir avec le retirement du pied droit, panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, & abaiſſement du bras avec l’eſpee; n’y ayant que ceſte difference, que en ceſte preſente occaſion il retirera le pied eſlevé droitement arriere, & le plantera ſur le Diametre du quadrangle, procedant en tout le reſte ainſi que devant.
Line 4,118: Line 4,121:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|When performing this action, one must, above all, take care to contact and force the opponent’s blade aside by means of leaning the upper body, by which means the arm can be lowered without making any particular move of its own. Otherwise, nothing would stop the adversary from hitting from the outside over the arm at the instant it descends, because it is not possible to make two contrary motions at the same time, that is, descending and rising, or advancing and withdrawing. This can, however, be done when the body is used to lower the arm, without making any particular motion with the arm. Because even as the body leans forward, the arm remains free to move and can instantly respond to any situation, whether it be to raise it up and move it forward, or to lower it, or otherwise. As such, if the enemy tries a circular disengage to strike over the arm, one can maintain the superior position over the other sword, and not only interrupt his attack, but, what is more, wound him in the process. The reason behind this observation was explained in Plate V in the final annotation to Circle No 12. I know that action was different from this one, being done at a greater distance, nonetheless, one can make good use of the explanation of that other move.
+
|When performing this action, one must, above all, take care to contact and subjugate the opponent’s blade by leaning over with the upper body, by which means the arm can be lowered without making any particular move of its own. Otherwise, nothing would stop the adversary from hitting from the outside over the arm at the instant it descends, because it is not possible to make two contrary motions at the same time, that is, descending and rising, or advancing and withdrawing. This can, however, be done when the body is used to lower the arm, without making any particular motion with the arm. Because even as the body leans forward, the arm remains free to move and can instantly respond to any situation, whether it be to raise it up and move it forward, or to lower it, or otherwise. As such, if the enemy tries a circular disengage to strike over the arm, one can maintain a superior position above the other sword, and not only interrupt his attack, but, what is more, wound him in the process. The reason behind this observation was explained in Plate V in the final annotation to Circle No 12. I know that action was different from this one, being done at a greater distance, nonetheless, one can make good use of the explanation of that other move.
  
 
|En ceſte operation il faut ſur tout prendre garde pour deuement rencontrer & aſſujettir la lame contraire, de le faire avec & moyennant le panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, par lequel le bras vienne à deſcendre par compagnie ſans faire aucun mouvement particulier. Car autrement il n’y aura rien qui puiſſe empeſcher la partie adverſe de nous donner une atteinte en dehors par deſſus le bras à l’inſtant qu’il deſcend, pource qu’il ne luy eſt poſſible de faire en un meſme inſtant deux mouvements contraires, ſçavoir eſt, deſcendre & monter ou avancer & reculer enſemble. ce qu’on peut toutesfois faire quand on fait deſcendre le bras avec le corps, ſans mouvement particulier; car encores que le corps ſe panche, toutesfois le bras demeure libre pour s’accommoder au meſme inſtant à toutes occaſions, tant à monter & à avancer, qu’à deſcendre ou autrement. En ſorte que ſi l’Ennemy vient à caver & à avancer l’eſpee pour nous en frapper par deſſus le bras, on en conſervera la ſuperiorité des eſpees, que non ſeulement on luy rompra ſon entreprinſe, mais qui plus eſt, on le bleſſera luy meſme. la raiſon de ceſte obſervation eſt auſſi expliquée au Tableau V. en la derniere annotation du Cercle 12. jaçoit que l’operation en ſoit differente de celle cy, comme eſtant pratiquée de plus loing; toutesfois l’une peut grandement ſervir à l’explication de l’autre.
 
|En ceſte operation il faut ſur tout prendre garde pour deuement rencontrer & aſſujettir la lame contraire, de le faire avec & moyennant le panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, par lequel le bras vienne à deſcendre par compagnie ſans faire aucun mouvement particulier. Car autrement il n’y aura rien qui puiſſe empeſcher la partie adverſe de nous donner une atteinte en dehors par deſſus le bras à l’inſtant qu’il deſcend, pource qu’il ne luy eſt poſſible de faire en un meſme inſtant deux mouvements contraires, ſçavoir eſt, deſcendre & monter ou avancer & reculer enſemble. ce qu’on peut toutesfois faire quand on fait deſcendre le bras avec le corps, ſans mouvement particulier; car encores que le corps ſe panche, toutesfois le bras demeure libre pour s’accommoder au meſme inſtant à toutes occaſions, tant à monter & à avancer, qu’à deſcendre ou autrement. En ſorte que ſi l’Ennemy vient à caver & à avancer l’eſpee pour nous en frapper par deſſus le bras, on en conſervera la ſuperiorité des eſpees, que non ſeulement on luy rompra ſon entreprinſe, mais qui plus eſt, on le bleſſera luy meſme. la raiſon de ceſte obſervation eſt auſſi expliquée au Tableau V. en la derniere annotation du Cercle 12. jaçoit que l’operation en ſoit differente de celle cy, comme eſtant pratiquée de plus loing; toutesfois l’une peut grandement ſervir à l’explication de l’autre.
Line 4,124: Line 4,127:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 10'''
+
|'''Circle No 10.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.10.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.10.'''
 
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
Line 4,148: Line 4,150:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|In summary, we wish, in this and in all other time when one practices actions sideways against an opponent’s blade, whether to the left side or the right, that it be forced aside there. Because the more you can work against it, the greater the angle you will open up, that you can move inside, out of danger, and make certain of your action.
+
|In summary, we want, in this and in all other times when one performs actions sideways against an opponent’s blade, whether to the left side or the right, to subjugate the blade there. Because the more you work against it, the greater the angle you will open up, into which you can move, out of danger, and make certain of your action.
  
 
|En ſomme nous voulons, qu’en ceſte & en toutes autres occaſions on pratique les executions du coſté de l’eſpee contraire, tant à droite, comme à gauche, là ou elle ſera aſſujettie: pource que d’autant plus qu’on travaillera alencontre, d’autant en fera on une plus grande ouverture d’angle, ou on ſe pourra mettre dedans hors du danger, & en aſſeurer l’execution.
 
|En ſomme nous voulons, qu’en ceſte & en toutes autres occaſions on pratique les executions du coſté de l’eſpee contraire, tant à droite, comme à gauche, là ou elle ſera aſſujettie: pource que d’autant plus qu’on travaillera alencontre, d’autant en fera on une plus grande ouverture d’angle, ou on ſe pourra mettre dedans hors du danger, & en aſſeurer l’execution.
Line 4,154: Line 4,156:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 11'''
+
|'''Circle No 11.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
  
Line 4,165: Line 4,167:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|The two adversaries begin at the First Instance with their swords held in the Direct Line position. Alexander begins to work with the intention of forcing aside his opponent’s blade, as in Circle No 1. He has raised his right foot, and crossed swords with his 3rd Span against his opponent’s 8th Span and so begins to step towards the Second Instance beside the Oblique Diameter. Zachary becomes aware that Alexander’s foot is falling back to the ground as he overbalances. At that instant, he steps in, covering his face by raising and interposing his guard, moving his right foot forward to the letter V along the Diameter, at the same time making his thrust by bending his knee and leaning his body forward towards the lower part of his adversary’s body.
+
|The two adversaries begin at the First Instance with their swords held in the Direct Line position. Alexander begins to work with the intention of subjugating his opponent’s blade, as in Circle No 1. He has raised his right foot, and crossed swords with his 3rd Span against his opponent’s 8th Span and so begins to step towards the Second Instance beside the Oblique Diameter. Zachary becomes aware that Alexander’s foot is falling back to the ground as he overbalances. At that instant, he steps in, covering his face by raising and interposing his guard, moving his right foot forward to the letter V along the Diameter, at the same time making his thrust by bending his knee and leaning his body forward towards the lower part of his adversary’s body.
  
 
|Les deux parties ayants, preallablement mis à la Premiere Inſtance leurs eſpees en lignes droites; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler en intention d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire, tout de meſme comme au Cercle 1. Ayant donc levé le pied droit, & aſſemblé les Nombres des lames 3. contre 8. & ainſi marchant vers la Seconde Inſtance par deça le Diametre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> aguette que le pied luy viene à tomber par le tresbuchement du corps, & au meſme inſtant il entre dedans, ſe couvrant le viſage par le hauſſement & entremiſe de ſa garde, en avançant le pied droit juſques outre la lettre V ſur le Diametre, tirant egallement l’eſtocade avec pliement du genouil & panchement du corps vers la partie inferieure du corps contraire.
 
|Les deux parties ayants, preallablement mis à la Premiere Inſtance leurs eſpees en lignes droites; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler en intention d’aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire, tout de meſme comme au Cercle 1. Ayant donc levé le pied droit, & aſſemblé les Nombres des lames 3. contre 8. & ainſi marchant vers la Seconde Inſtance par deça le Diametre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> aguette que le pied luy viene à tomber par le tresbuchement du corps, & au meſme inſtant il entre dedans, ſe couvrant le viſage par le hauſſement & entremiſe de ſa garde, en avançant le pied droit juſques outre la lettre V ſur le Diametre, tirant egallement l’eſtocade avec pliement du genouil & panchement du corps vers la partie inferieure du corps contraire.
Line 4,171: Line 4,173:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander quickly perceives by his sense of  feel that the blades are disengaged and sees that Zachary is protecting his face, continues to follow the blade, crossing it from above with his own and pressing down, together with quickly withdrawing his right side, he sets his right foot down in the middle of the line G-D. He quickly follows with his left foot, bringing it into position behind and a little to the side, while leaning forward with his body, turning the exterior branch of the crossguard diagonally upwards, and sliding the point of contact up his opponent’s sword, until his 9th Span is in contact with Zachary’s 6th or 7th Span, and raising the tip of his sword, so that he is forcing the tip of his opponent’s blade down so far that his right side is uncovered, as shown in the figure.
+
|Alexander quickly perceives by his sense of  feel that the blades are disengaged and seeing that Zachary is protecting his face, continues to follow the blade, crossing it from above with his own and pressing down, together with quickly withdrawing his right side, he sets his right foot down in the middle of the line G-D. He quickly follows with his left foot, bringing it into position behind and a little to the side, while leaning forward with his body, turning the exterior branch of the crossguard diagonally upwards, and sliding the point of contact up his opponent’s sword, until his 9th Span is in contact with Zachary’s 6th or 7th Span, and raising the tip of his sword, so that he is forcing the tip of his opponent’s blade down so far that his opponent's right side is uncovered, as shown in the figure.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant à temps du deſtachement des eſpees par le moyen du ſentiment, & recognoiſſant par la veuë la protećtion du viſage contraire, il continue à pourſuivre la lame, la croiſſant avec ſuperiorité de la ſienne, & enſemble retirant viſtement à coſté droit, plantant au meſme inſtant le pied droit à terre au milieu de la ligne G D; avec une ſoudaine pourſuite du pied gauche, à planter une bonne proportion, derriere l’autre un peu à coſté, panchant cependant du corps ſur le devant, & deſgraduant l’eſpee contraire, en tournant ſa branche exterieure diagonalement en haut avec la pointe de la lame en peu hauſſée, & le Nombre 9. d’icelle accouplé avec le 6.ou 7. de l’eſpee contraire, de façon qu’en aſſujettiſſant il en abaiſſe tellement la pointe, qu’il luy en deſcouvre le coſté droit du corps; comme on le voit repreſenté en la figure.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant à temps du deſtachement des eſpees par le moyen du ſentiment, & recognoiſſant par la veuë la protećtion du viſage contraire, il continue à pourſuivre la lame, la croiſſant avec ſuperiorité de la ſienne, & enſemble retirant viſtement à coſté droit, plantant au meſme inſtant le pied droit à terre au milieu de la ligne G D; avec une ſoudaine pourſuite du pied gauche, à planter une bonne proportion, derriere l’autre un peu à coſté, panchant cependant du corps ſur le devant, & deſgraduant l’eſpee contraire, en tournant ſa branche exterieure diagonalement en haut avec la pointe de la lame en peu hauſſée, & le Nombre 9. d’icelle accouplé avec le 6.ou 7. de l’eſpee contraire, de façon qu’en aſſujettiſſant il en abaiſſe tellement la pointe, qu’il luy en deſcouvre le coſté droit du corps; comme on le voit repreſenté en la figure.
Line 4,177: Line 4,179:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|His adversary could try the same thrust at three [four] other times while Alexander is in the act of stepping with his right foot from the First Instance to the Second to force the blade aside.
+
|His adversary could try the same thrust at three other times while Alexander is in the act of stepping with his right foot from the First Instance to the Second to do the subjugation.
  
 
|La meſme eſtocade pourra auſſi eſtre attentée par l’adverſaire en trois autres occaſions, durant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſera en aćte de marcher du pied droit de la Premiere Inſtance à la deuxieſme, pour faire l’aſſujettiſſement.
 
|La meſme eſtocade pourra auſſi eſtre attentée par l’adverſaire en trois autres occaſions, durant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſera en aćte de marcher du pied droit de la Premiere Inſtance à la deuxieſme, pour faire l’aſſujettiſſement.
Line 4,207: Line 4,209:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 12'''
+
|'''Circle No 12.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.12.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.12.'''
  
Line 4,218: Line 4,220:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander follows the preceding action. He raises his right foot while he turns his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes outwards and down from the vertical to contact and hold his opponent’s blade in place, which brings the tip of his own blade near to his adversary’s right side. And at the same time as he slides his blade along his opponent’s so the two guards meet, he moves his foot forward and in to the letter I. He wounds his adversary under the right armpit, by bending his right knee and leaning his body, helped by his left foot following along, and increasing the force of his thrust, so that he goes right through the body. His guard meets his opponent’s, and dominates it so much that his opponent’s tip drops to the ground, as it is shown in the figure.
+
|Alexander continues the preceding action. He raises his right foot while he turns his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes outwards and down from the vertical to contact and hold his opponent’s blade in place, which brings the tip of his own blade near to his adversary’s right side. And at the same time as he slides the point of contact of his blade along his opponent’s so the two guards meet, he moves his foot forward and enters in to the letter I. He wounds his adversary under the right armpit, by bending his right knee and leaning his body, helped by his left foot following along, and increasing the force of his thrust, so that he goes right through the body. His guard meets his opponent’s, and dominates it so much that his opponent’s tip drops to the ground, as it is shown in the figure.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> pourſuit l’operation precedente; en eſlevant le pied droit, & enſemblement tournant du poignet de la main ſa branche exterieure, de verticale qu’elle eſtoit, en dehors juſques à trouver & ſerrer la lame contraire, menant auſſi par ce meſme moyen ſa pointe en la preſence du coſté droit de l’adverſaire: & quand & quand graduant ſon eſpee, durant que le pied s’avance & entre juſqu’à la letre I. bleſſant ſa partie adverſe deſſoubs l’aixelle droite, avec pliement du genouil, & panchement du corps, aſſiſté du pied gauche en trainant apres, & augmentant la vigueur de l’eſtocade, en ſorte qu’il luy en donne à travers du corps; rencontrant la garde contraire de la ſienne, & la maiſtriſe tellement que la pointe en decline vers terre; ainſi qu’il ſe foit au pourtrait de la figure.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> pourſuit l’operation precedente; en eſlevant le pied droit, & enſemblement tournant du poignet de la main ſa branche exterieure, de verticale qu’elle eſtoit, en dehors juſques à trouver & ſerrer la lame contraire, menant auſſi par ce meſme moyen ſa pointe en la preſence du coſté droit de l’adverſaire: & quand & quand graduant ſon eſpee, durant que le pied s’avance & entre juſqu’à la letre I. bleſſant ſa partie adverſe deſſoubs l’aixelle droite, avec pliement du genouil, & panchement du corps, aſſiſté du pied gauche en trainant apres, & augmentant la vigueur de l’eſtocade, en ſorte qu’il luy en donne à travers du corps; rencontrant la garde contraire de la ſienne, & la maiſtriſe tellement que la pointe en decline vers terre; ainſi qu’il ſe foit au pourtrait de la figure.
Line 4,224: Line 4,226:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 13'''
+
|'''Circle No 13.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.13.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.13.'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary aims at an acute angle towards his adversary’s stomach. Alexander, by turning on his toes and leaning forward, hits him with the Direct Line in his uncovered torso.''
+
|''Zachary aims at an acute angle towards his adversary’s stomach while his sword is being subjugated. Alexander, by turning on his toes and leaning forward, hits him with the Direct Line in his uncovered torso.''
  
 
|''Zacharie tirant en angle aigu vers le ventre de ſon Adverſaire au temps qu ſon eſpce eſt aſſujettie; Alexandre en ſe tournant ſur ſes orteils en panchant ſur le devant, luy donne l’atteinte en droite ligne au deſcouvert de a poitrine.''
 
|''Zacharie tirant en angle aigu vers le ventre de ſon Adverſaire au temps qu ſon eſpce eſt aſſujettie; Alexandre en ſe tournant ſur ſes orteils en panchant ſur le devant, luy donne l’atteinte en droite ligne au deſcouvert de a poitrine.''
Line 4,235: Line 4,237:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This action proceeds from that shown in Circle No 1. At the instant that Alexander forces the blade aside at the Second Instance, Zachary comes in on Alexander, stepping forward with his right foot to just beyond the letter V beside the Diameter, aiming an acutely angled thrust with a straight arm at his lower body. Alexander feels the blade disengage and sees that his opponent’s right shoulder is uncovered. He does nothing more than withdraw the lower right side of his body (the target of the thrust) away by turning on his toes and leaning his upper body forward towards his opponent, and attacking him from the Direct Line, by straightening and extending his arm, hitting him at the nearest point, which is the uncovered shoulder. One point to consider is that Zachary’s reach is shortened to the degree that his sword is pointed off the Direct Line, aiming at an acute angle. Whereas Alexander’s lengthens because he is working along the Direct Line, increased by leaning forward, while withdrawing his lower body. This gives him enough of an advantage that he can wound his opponent without the tip of his opponent’s blade getting to him. This is also demonstrated in Plate V, where it is more fully explained and mathematically verified.
+
|This action proceeds from that shown in Circle No 1. At the instant that Alexander subjugates the blade at the Second Instance, Zachary enters in on Alexander, stepping forward with his right foot to just beyond the letter V beside the Diameter, aiming an acutely angled thrust with a straight arm at his lower body. Alexander feels the blade disengage and sees that his opponent’s right shoulder is uncovered. He does nothing more than withdraw the lower right side of his body (the target of the thrust) away by turning on his toes and leaning his upper body forward towards his opponent, and attacking him from the Direct Line, by straightening and extending his arm, hitting him at the nearest point, which is the uncovered shoulder. One point to consider is that Zachary’s reach is shortened to the degree that his sword is pointed off the Direct Line, aiming at an acute angle. Whereas Alexander’s lengthens because he is working along the Direct Line, increased by leaning forward, while withdrawing his lower body. This gives him enough of an advantage that he can wound his opponent without the tip of his opponent’s blade getting to him. This is also demonstrated in Plate V, where it is more fully explained and mathematically verified.
  
 
|Ceſte operation procede de celle qui eſt repreſentée au Cercle 1. Car à l’inſtant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> accomplit l’aſſujettiſſement à la Seconde Inſtance: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy vient entrer deſſus, en avançant le pied droit un peu outre le point V au deça du Diametre, luy tirant d’un bras roide une eſtocade en angle aigu vers la partie inferieure du corps. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> qui s’apperçoit par le ſentiment du deſtachement des eſpees, & par la veue, que l’eſpaule droite du contraire ſe deſcouvre; il ne fait rien que deſtourner le coſté droit de la partie inferieure du corps (qui eſtoit la bute de l’eſtocade) en ſe tournoyant ſur ſes orteils, & enſemblement ſe panchant ſur le devant devers ſon contraire, & luy aſſenant en ligne droite, moyennant l’extenſion & roidiſſement du bras, un coup de pointe au plus prochain point d’attouchement, qui eſt en la dite deſcouverture de l’eſpaule droite. Eſtant à conſiderer que l’eſpee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ſe racourcit à meſure qu’elle ſe depart de la droite ligne, tirant à l’angle aigu: là où celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre au contraire s’allonge, à raiſon qu’il en travaile en ligne droite, l’aſſiſtant meſme d’un panchement de corps, avec retirement de la partie inferieure. ce qui luy porte ſi grand avantage, qu’il atteint & bleſſe ſon Contraire, ſans que la pointe contraire puiſſe arriver juſques à luy. Ceſte demonſtration eſt auſſi repreſentée au Tableau V, où elle eſt auſſi plus amplement expliquée & verifiée par raiſons de Mathematique.
 
|Ceſte operation procede de celle qui eſt repreſentée au Cercle 1. Car à l’inſtant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> accomplit l’aſſujettiſſement à la Seconde Inſtance: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy vient entrer deſſus, en avançant le pied droit un peu outre le point V au deça du Diametre, luy tirant d’un bras roide une eſtocade en angle aigu vers la partie inferieure du corps. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> qui s’apperçoit par le ſentiment du deſtachement des eſpees, & par la veue, que l’eſpaule droite du contraire ſe deſcouvre; il ne fait rien que deſtourner le coſté droit de la partie inferieure du corps (qui eſtoit la bute de l’eſtocade) en ſe tournoyant ſur ſes orteils, & enſemblement ſe panchant ſur le devant devers ſon contraire, & luy aſſenant en ligne droite, moyennant l’extenſion & roidiſſement du bras, un coup de pointe au plus prochain point d’attouchement, qui eſt en la dite deſcouverture de l’eſpaule droite. Eſtant à conſiderer que l’eſpee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ſe racourcit à meſure qu’elle ſe depart de la droite ligne, tirant à l’angle aigu: là où celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre au contraire s’allonge, à raiſon qu’il en travaile en ligne droite, l’aſſiſtant meſme d’un panchement de corps, avec retirement de la partie inferieure. ce qui luy porte ſi grand avantage, qu’il atteint & bleſſe ſon Contraire, ſans que la pointe contraire puiſſe arriver juſques à luy. Ceſte demonſtration eſt auſſi repreſentée au Tableau V, où elle eſt auſſi plus amplement expliquée & verifiée par raiſons de Mathematique.
Line 4,247: Line 4,249:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 14'''
+
|'''Circle No 14.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.14.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.14.'''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander makes sure his blade is above his opponent’s and holds it there, as he executes his thrust, stepping into the enemy with his left side leading.''
+
|''Alexander secures himself with his sword above his opponent’s and holds it under control, as he executes his thrust, stepping into the enemy with his left side leading.''
  
 
|''Alexandre s’aſſeure deſſus la lame contraire, & la tenant en devoir, il fait l’execution de ſon eſtocade, en entrant deſſus l’ennemy avec le coſté gauche devant.''
 
|''Alexandre s’aſſeure deſſus la lame contraire, & la tenant en devoir, il fait l’execution de ſon eſtocade, en entrant deſſus l’ennemy avec le coſté gauche devant.''
Line 4,258: Line 4,260:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander thus follows through the action he began, he steps in towards his adversary with his left foot and side forward, by only turning on his right foot to make his approach. In this way, the upper body moves down with the arm as it moves forward, which moves the guard over top of the opponent’s blade, in a way which pushes the other tip down further the closer he moves in. As he continues to close together with the effect of leaning, at the same time he slides the point of contact up the opponent’s sword, when he puts his foot down beyond the Diameter in the middle of the line M-S, drawing up the right foot, he reinforces the force of the thrust so much that the shock of striking his opponent’s sword with his guard drives the point down almost into the ground, while pushing his tip through his opponent’s body.
+
|Alexander thus follows through the action he began, he steps in towards his adversary with his left foot and side forward, by turning on his right foot without any further move to make his approach. In this way, the upper body and the arm move down as they move forward, which moves the guard over top of the opponent’s blade, in a way which pushes the other tip down further the closer he moves in. As he continues to close together with the effect of leaning, at the same time he slides the point of contact up the opponent’s sword, when he puts his foot down beyond the Diameter in the middle of the line M-S, drawing up the right foot, he reinforces the force of the thrust so much that the shock of striking his opponent’s sword with his guard drives the point down almost into the ground, while pushing his tip through his opponent’s body.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc pourſuivant l’operation encommencée, il entre ſur ſa partie adverſe avec le pied & le coſté gauche, en ſe tournant le corps ſur le pied droit, ſans aucun autre approchement: & comme ainſi ſoit, que la partie ſuperieure du corps deſcende auſſi à l’advenant avec le bras, il conduit ſa garde deſſus la lame contraire, en ſorte que la poinćte d’icelle en eſt pouſſée vers le bas à meſure que le corps entre: dont en continuant à s’approcher davantage, & enſemblement à ſe pancher ſur le devant, au meſme temps il fait la graduation ſur l’eſpee, & plante le pied eſlevé en deça le Diametre, ſur le milieu de la ligne M S, avec pourſuite du pied droit, renforçant par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de l’execution, qu’il emporte du chocq de ſa garde le bras & l’eſpee contraire, en ſorte que la pointe en tombe quaſi à terre, en luy pouſſant l’eſtocade à travers le corps.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc pourſuivant l’operation encommencée, il entre ſur ſa partie adverſe avec le pied & le coſté gauche, en ſe tournant le corps ſur le pied droit, ſans aucun autre approchement: & comme ainſi ſoit, que la partie ſuperieure du corps deſcende auſſi à l’advenant avec le bras, il conduit ſa garde deſſus la lame contraire, en ſorte que la poinćte d’icelle en eſt pouſſée vers le bas à meſure que le corps entre: dont en continuant à s’approcher davantage, & enſemblement à ſe pancher ſur le devant, au meſme temps il fait la graduation ſur l’eſpee, & plante le pied eſlevé en deça le Diametre, ſur le milieu de la ligne M S, avec pourſuite du pied droit, renforçant par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de l’execution, qu’il emporte du chocq de ſa garde le bras & l’eſpee contraire, en ſorte que la pointe en tombe quaſi à terre, en luy pouſſant l’eſtocade à travers le corps.
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|These last two actions after Circle No 13 must be done very exactly in practice. Alexandre hits his opponent right at the start of his movement, as soon as he feels the disengagement of the swords, before Zachary has the ability to lean or step forward to within striking distance. This is absolutely necessary to observe. If one does not move at the exact time, and if Zachary has moved his sword and body forward however small an amount, then in that case one can no longer use the lesson of Circle No 13, since one will recieve as much as one gives. Therefore, to avoid this danger, it will be necessary to defend as in Circle No 9, turning to the right side while drawing the feet back as the turn, and following at the same time the execution of the action of Circle No 10, as previous described.
+
|These last two actions beginning in Circle No 13 must be done very exactly in practice. Alexandre hits his opponent right at the start of his movement, as soon as he feels the disengagement of the swords, before Zachary has the ability to lean or step forward to within striking distance. This is absolutely necessary to observe. If one does not move at the exact time, and if Zachary has moved his sword and body forward however small an amount, then in that case one can no longer use the lesson of Circle No 13, since one will recieve as much as one gives. Therefore, to avoid this danger, it will be necessary to defend as in Circle No 9, turning to the right side while drawing the feet back as the turn, and following at the same time the execution of the action of Circle No 10, as previous described.
  
 
|If faut tres-exaćtement obſerver en la pratique de ces deux derniers operations, qu’au Cercle 13. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre à donne l’atteinte à ſon contraire tout au commencement de ſon mouvement, ſi toſt qu’il s’eſt apperceu par le ſentiment du deſtachement des eſpees, avant que le corps de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait eu la commodité de ſe pancher ou de s’avancer pour trouver la meſure d’atteindre. Ce qui eſt du tout neceſſaire à obſerver. Car ſi on ne prend le temps juſte, & que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait avancé l’eſpee avec le corps pour peu que ce ſoit, en ce cas on ne ſe pourra pas aider de ceſte meſme leçon du Cercle 13. car encore qu’on donnaſt, auſſi on recevroit. Pour donc eviter & prevenir le danger qu’il nous avoit appreſté, il ſera beſoing de s’en defendre à l’exemple du Cercle 9. en deſtournant le coſté droit avec retirement & tournement des pieds; en pourſuivant quand & quand l’execution du Cercle 10. ſuivant les obſervations qui en dependent.
 
|If faut tres-exaćtement obſerver en la pratique de ces deux derniers operations, qu’au Cercle 13. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre à donne l’atteinte à ſon contraire tout au commencement de ſon mouvement, ſi toſt qu’il s’eſt apperceu par le ſentiment du deſtachement des eſpees, avant que le corps de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait eu la commodité de ſe pancher ou de s’avancer pour trouver la meſure d’atteindre. Ce qui eſt du tout neceſſaire à obſerver. Car ſi on ne prend le temps juſte, & que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait avancé l’eſpee avec le corps pour peu que ce ſoit, en ce cas on ne ſe pourra pas aider de ceſte meſme leçon du Cercle 13. car encore qu’on donnaſt, auſſi on recevroit. Pour donc eviter & prevenir le danger qu’il nous avoit appreſté, il ſera beſoing de s’en defendre à l’exemple du Cercle 9. en deſtournant le coſté droit avec retirement & tournement des pieds; en pourſuivant quand & quand l’execution du Cercle 10. ſuivant les obſervations qui en dependent.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|
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|
 
  
 
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|The principle to which every student must aspire in performing the actions in the Plate, is to have exact timing. This is one of the most important points of the entire system, and without this, nothing can be performed either gracefully or surely. For if Hypocrites, that Prince of Doctors, dared pronounce only with care on matters of medicine, which was difficult to observe and diagnose, even when the sypmtoms endured for days, or, at the least, hours, we have even more reason to say, how fast and difficult is the Practice of Arms, wherein we have often a moment of time, and often are presented with but an instant to decide, which is a point of time, indivisible, and without any duration. As such, there are times wherein we can find an opportunity, but few opportunities wherein we find much time. Which is why those who strive to reach this high goal to comprehend correct feel and timing, I shall warn them now, that they must not assume this is an easy thing and they must not be bored with spending a long time practising these exercises presented in this Plate VII. For beyond the confidence that they will provide in the prefection of the Theory and Practice of Arms, they may also be, in and of themselves alone, enough to become competent to enter into a fight against the greatest and toughest fighters they may find, as long as they do not know how to play with feeling. For they are not accustomed to having their swords crossed in contact and even when they are closely embroiled, they always do their best to detach before they can be forced aside. Thus they do not usually present any other action than those which you see represented in this Plate, so that the time spent on these exercises could not be better used.
+
|The principle to which every student must aspire in performing the actions in the Plate, is to have exact timing. This is one of the most important points of the entire system, and without this, nothing can be performed either gracefully or surely. For if Hypocrites, that Prince of Doctors, dared pronounce only with care on matters of medicine, which was difficult to observe and diagnose, even when the sypmtoms endured for days, or, at the least, hours, we have even more reason to say, how fast and difficult is the Practice of Arms, wherein we have often a moment of time, and often are presented with but an instant to decide, which is a point of time, indivisible, and without any duration. As such, there are times wherein we can find an opportunity, but few opportunities wherein we find much time. Which is why those who strive to reach this high goal to comprehend correct feel and timing, I shall warn them now, that they must not assume this is an easy thing and they must not be bored with spending a long time practising these exercises presented in this Plate VII. For beyond the confidence that they will provide in the prefection of the Theory and Practice of Arms, they may also be, in and of themselves alone, enough to become competent to enter into a fight against the greatest and toughest fighters they may find, as long as they do not play at learning to feel the sense of contact. For these others are not accustomed to having their swords crossed and in contact and even when they are closely embroiled, they always do their best to detach before they can be subjugated. Thus they do not usually present any other action than those which you see represented in this Plate, so that the time spent on these exercises could not be better used.
  
 
|Le principal que le Diſciple doibt pretendre en la Pratique de ce Tableau preſent, c’eſt de prendre exaćtement le temps: qui eſt l’un des plus importants points de tout l’Exercice, & ſans lequel il n’y a rien qui puiſſe eſtre pratiqué ny avec bonne grace ny avec aſſurance. Car ſi Hippocras le Prince des Medecins a oſé prononcer que l’occaſion en medicine eſt difficile à obſerver & à prendre, laquelle y dure cependant des jours ou à tout le moins des heures entieres, à plus forte raiſon pourrons nous dire, qu’elle eſt tresſoudaine & difficile en l’Exercice des Armes, où elle ne dure ſouvent qu’un moment de temps, & ſouvent qu’elle ne s’y preſente qu’en un ſimple Inſtant, qui eſt un poinćt de temps indiviſible & ſans duree quelconque. En ſorte qu’il y a temps auquel on trouve de l’occaſion, mais bien peu d’occaſions où il ſe trouve du temps. Parquoy ceux qui taſcheront de parvenir à ce haut but de cognoiſtre & prendre juſtement les temps, je les avertis, qu’il ne l’eſtiment pas pour choſe facile, & qu’il ne leur ennuye pas de mettre un long Exercice en l’uſage des preſentes leçons de ce Tableau VII. car outre l’aſſeurance qu’elles leur donneront en la parfaite Theorie & Pratique des Armes, auſsi pourront elles eſtre quaſi ſeules tenues pour ſuffiſantes dentrer en la lice avec les plus grands & hardis tireurs d’Armes qu’ils puiſſent trouver, moyennant qu’ils ne jouent pas ſur le ſentiment. Car puis qu’ils ne ſont pas accouſtumez d’avoir les eſpees accouplées, & meſmes qu’ils s’en trouvent incontinent embrouillez, ils font touſiours leur devoir de les deſtacher avant qu’on les puiſſe aſſujettir. dont il ne ſe preſente ordinairement quaſi nulle autre operation que celles que vous voyez repreſentées en ce Tableau. de façon que le temps qu’on y mettra, ne pourra eſtre que tresbien employé.
 
|Le principal que le Diſciple doibt pretendre en la Pratique de ce Tableau preſent, c’eſt de prendre exaćtement le temps: qui eſt l’un des plus importants points de tout l’Exercice, & ſans lequel il n’y a rien qui puiſſe eſtre pratiqué ny avec bonne grace ny avec aſſurance. Car ſi Hippocras le Prince des Medecins a oſé prononcer que l’occaſion en medicine eſt difficile à obſerver & à prendre, laquelle y dure cependant des jours ou à tout le moins des heures entieres, à plus forte raiſon pourrons nous dire, qu’elle eſt tresſoudaine & difficile en l’Exercice des Armes, où elle ne dure ſouvent qu’un moment de temps, & ſouvent qu’elle ne s’y preſente qu’en un ſimple Inſtant, qui eſt un poinćt de temps indiviſible & ſans duree quelconque. En ſorte qu’il y a temps auquel on trouve de l’occaſion, mais bien peu d’occaſions où il ſe trouve du temps. Parquoy ceux qui taſcheront de parvenir à ce haut but de cognoiſtre & prendre juſtement les temps, je les avertis, qu’il ne l’eſtiment pas pour choſe facile, & qu’il ne leur ennuye pas de mettre un long Exercice en l’uſage des preſentes leçons de ce Tableau VII. car outre l’aſſeurance qu’elles leur donneront en la parfaite Theorie & Pratique des Armes, auſsi pourront elles eſtre quaſi ſeules tenues pour ſuffiſantes dentrer en la lice avec les plus grands & hardis tireurs d’Armes qu’ils puiſſent trouver, moyennant qu’ils ne jouent pas ſur le ſentiment. Car puis qu’ils ne ſont pas accouſtumez d’avoir les eſpees accouplées, & meſmes qu’ils s’en trouvent incontinent embrouillez, ils font touſiours leur devoir de les deſtacher avant qu’on les puiſſe aſſujettir. dont il ne ſe preſente ordinairement quaſi nulle autre operation que celles que vous voyez repreſentées en ce Tableau. de façon que le temps qu’on y mettra, ne pourra eſtre que tresbien employé.
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Revision as of 12:22, 12 October 2018

Gérard Thibault d'Anvers
Born 1574
Died 1629
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality Dutch
Movement La Verdadera Destreza
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language French
Notable work(s) Academie de l'Espée (1630)

Gérard Thibault d'Anvers (ca. 1574–1629)[1] was a 17th century Dutch fencing master and author of the 1628 rapier manual Academie de l'Espée, one of the most detailed and elaborate sources ever written on fencing. Details about Thibault's life are sparse and what we know is based on his book and his album amicorum.[2] The latter contains handwritten notes and celebratory poems from Thibault's friends, relatives, pupils, and colleagues, included among whom are several contemporary fencing masters.[3]

Thibault was born in or around 1574 in Antwerp, son of Hendrick Thibaut and Margaretha van Nispen.[4] Although his father used the surname "Thibaut," Gérard used the French form "Thibault."[4] Hendrick Thibaut came from a well-known family in Ypres, living in Ghent and Antwerp before going into exile in the northern Netherlands.[4] Henrick's eldest son, Christiaen, founded the noble family Thibaut van Aegtekerke.[5]

Thibault first studied swordsmanship in Antwerp under Lambert van Someron, who taught between the years of 1564 and 1584.[6] In 1605, Thibault was a wool merchant in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, south of Seville on the Guadalquivir river, and the hometown of Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza.[2] There, he took an interest in swordsmanship, studying the Spanish rapier system of Destreza.[2]

Thibault left Spain to return to the Netherlands, and was in Amsterdam as early as 1610.[2] In or around 1611, he presented his system to an assembly of Dutch masters at a competition in Rotterdam.[7] Thibault won first prize, earning an invitation to the court of Prince Maurice of Nassau, where the Prince observed Thibault's system in a multi-day demonstration.[6]

Although initially met with skepticism, Thibault convinced his fellow Dutch fencing masters, including Johannes Damius of Haarlem, Dirck van Stervergen of Leiden, Cornelis Cornelisz van Heusden of Amsterdam, and Thibault's former teacher Lambert von Someron.[6] In 1615, Thibault was invited to the court at Cleves and left Amsterdam, where he once again demonstrated his system successfully.[8] Over the next several years, Thibault traveled from Cleves, Amsterdam, to Spain, back to Amsterdam, and finally to Leiden in 1622.[9] There, Thibault studied mathematics at Leiden University.[10] It is unclear whether Thibault taught his system at the university.[10] It is during his time in Leiden that Thibault likely began working on Academie de l'Espée and employed a team of sixteen master engravers.[11]

Thibault died in 1629, a year before his masterpiece was finally published (despite the date on the title page of 1628, it was not published until 1630).[12]

Treatise

The Academie de l'Espée (1630) is presented in three parts, a short introduction, populated with plates showing the coats of arms of several nobles who were prominent in and around the court of the low countries at the time he wrote this book, Book 1, which deals with training in the use of his system of swordplay, and Book 2 which shows how to use his system against other systems and weapons, including shields, longsword, and firearms.

Thibault, as he explains in Plate 8, uses the term estocade to describe a thrust to the near, right side, and the term imbrocade to describe a thrust to the far, left side, from the Italian terms stoccata and imbroccata.

The plates uploaded to WikTenauer are sufficient, but if anyone wishes to see very high definition images, they can be found on [www.geheugenvannederland.nl]. Search on Girard Thibault.


Additional Resources

References

  1. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.288, 297
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.289
  3. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.297
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.288
  5. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.288-289
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.290
  7. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.289-290
  8. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.294
  9. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.294-296
  10. 10.0 10.1 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.296
  11. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.296, 310
  12. Thibault, Gérard. Academy of the Sword. Trans. John Michael Greer. Highland Park, TX: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2006. pp 1-2.