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Difference between revisions of "Paulus Hector Mair"

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! <p>Source Images</p>
 
! <p>Source Images</p>
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden]] and [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich]] Versions</p>
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden]] and [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich]] Versions</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Per Magnus Haaland]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden II Transcription]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.94)}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden II Transcription]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.94)}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna II Transcription]] [German] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10826)}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna II Transcription]] [German] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10826)}}</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 01.png|800px|center]]
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 01.png|800px|center]]
| <p>[1] </p>
+
| <p>[1] '''A fight where the foot soldier has a pike and the rider a lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If it were to happen that a mounted opponent rides toward you in order to harm you, then put the back end of the pike in the ground and point the front end toward the opponent. Above all, make sure to be able to use the pike on both sides, so that if your mounted opponent comes at you wielding a lance you can defend yourself against him on both sides. When he engages you, you strike away his lance from your right to your left side. If he continues forward you direct you pike into his face, and he will throw himself off the saddle. Then you can draw your rapier and do whatever you wish to him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|269r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|269r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 280v281r.png|German|lbl=280v281r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 280v281r.png|German|lbl=280v281r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 02.png|800px|center]]
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 02.png|800px|center]]
| <p>[2] </p>
+
| <p>[2] '''How a rider is to evade the pike of a foot-soldier.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is what you do against the rider: Step forward with your left foot and hold the pike with both hands on your right side, with the point toward the opponent, and from here you continue forward with your right foot and turn the point into his face. If you, being the rider, see the opponent doing this to you, then fasten the reins in the hook by the belt, and remove the lance from the arret and hold it across(before you) with both hands, and remove the opponent's thrust thus between both your hands to your left, and then you insert the lance again into the arret, i.e. the lance rest, a hook being there to prevent the lance from going backwards under your arm, and then you engage your opponent at full speed and run him down.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|269v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|269v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 282v283r.png|German|lbl=282v283r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 282v283r.png|German|lbl=282v283r}}
Line 10,431: Line 10,435:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 03.png|800px|center]]
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 03.png|800px|center]]
| <p>[3] </p>
+
| <p>[3] '''A free thrust with the pike against a rider with a lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you use the pike in this device: If you see the rider coming at you, and you are on foot, then stand with your left foot forward and hold the pike with the left hand by the chest in free position, and with the right hand on the back end, point toward the opponent. If he then attacks you with his lance, then turn the pike from your left side to his right so that you remove his lance. Then you take a step forward with the right foot and thrust forcefully with the pike into his face. Then, make sure that the back end of the pike is in the ground for good defence, so that the rider cannot hurt you in any way.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|270r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|270r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 284v285r.png|German|lbl=284v285r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 284v285r.png|German|lbl=284v285r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 04.png|800px|center]]
 
| colspan="2" | [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 04.png|800px|center]]
| <p>[4] </p>
+
| <p>[4] '''A battle device where the rider is using a sword and lance at the same time against a footman with a pike.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you defend yourself with your pike against an attacking rider: Step forward with your left foot and hold your pike with the point aimed toward the opponent for a thrust. If your opponent on foot does this towards you, you spur your horse toward him and touch his lance by the front part, and remove his thrust to your right, and simultaneously as you parry, you turn the horse toward the opponent, and put his pike into your right armpit, drop the lance out of the lance rest, spur the horse toward the opponent, draw your sword and run him through with it.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|270v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|270v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 285v.png|German|lbl=285v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 285v.png|German|lbl=285v}}
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|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 05.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 05.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[5] </p>
+
| <p>[5] '''A fight where the footman uses halberd against a rider with lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you wish to obtain the victory in this device, you must do as follows: If a rider rides at you with his lance, you step forward with your left foot and hold the halberd with the axe head toward him, and if he attacks with his lance, you hook the lance with your halberd and raise it, and you have averted his thrust. Then you thrust with the point into his face as hard as you can. If a footman does this to you, being the rider, and you cannot use your lance, you throw it out of your lance rest and turn the horse to the left, draw your sword and strike at his halberd, and you have parried his attack thus. Then you spur your horse toward him and run him through with the sword.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|271r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|271r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 286r.png|German|lbl=286r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 286r.png|German|lbl=286r}}
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|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 06.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 06.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[6] </p>
+
| <p>[6] '''Another device as the previous.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you use the halberd in this device against a horseman with a lance: If the rider comes at you with his lance, then step with your left foot forward toward the opponent's right side and strike at the front end of his lance with your halberd from your left side to his right, and you have averted his attack. If you then press down his lance, you will force the rider to fall to the ground struck backwards, and he cannot harm you anymore. If you do this, make sure to press down the lance swiftly with the halberd, so that he strikes himself off the saddle. Then you may fight against him however you want.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|271v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|271v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 286v.png|German|lbl=286v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 286v.png|German|lbl=286v}}
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|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 07.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 07.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[7] </p>
+
| <p>[7] '''Fight where the rider has a lance against an opponent on foot with a halberd.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this device you do as follows: Hold your lance over your right leg and ride towards your opponent, and put the lance in the arret. If you are on foot and standing with your left leg forward, holding your halberd for a strike from above while waiting for your opponent, and when he then gets close, you direct a strike from your left side to his right against his lance and press it down hard, and if you then step with your right foot in triangle the rider will break his lance. If he tries to draw his sword you run toward him with two steps and place the halberd head around his neck and pull to you, and you will throw him off the horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|272r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|272r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 280r.png|German|lbl=280r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 280r.png|German|lbl=280r}}
Line 10,480: Line 10,494:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 08.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 08.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[8] </p>
+
| <p>[8] '''A device where the rider has a spear and the foot-soldier has a halberd.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When riding toward your opponent, do as follows: Hold the spear extended over your right leg in your right hand, and when you are about to attack, you insert the spear in the arret, and ride toward him thus. If your opponent comes at you in said manner, then step forward with your left foot and hold your halberd in a strike from above, and strike his spear away from left to your right side, and you have averted his attack. Then you take two steps toward him and hook him in the left side of his neck with the head of the halberd and pull forcefully to you, and you will throw the rider off his horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|272v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|272v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 281v.png|German|lbl=281v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 281v.png|German|lbl=281v}}
Line 10,490: Line 10,506:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 09.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 09.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[9] </p>
+
| <p>[9] '''A fight where the rider has a spear and the foot soldier is defending himself with a sword.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Do thus: Raise the spear over your right leg with your right hand and as you spur your horse toward your opponent you insert the spear into the arret, and aim for his visor(!). If the rider comes at you in this manner, and you have neither pike nor halberd to protect yourself with, only the sword, then draw it and hold it up in front of your face, and move his sword upward with the cross in this manner, than you have defended yourself against his thrust. Then you raise the sword over your head, step in triangle and cut the horse's sinews so that it falls to the ground and you may do whatever you wish with the opponent.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|273r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|273r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 282r.png|German|lbl=282r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 282r.png|German|lbl=282r}}
Line 10,500: Line 10,518:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 10.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 10.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[10] </p>
+
| <p>[10] '''A skirmish where the rider is using a sword against a foot-soldier armed with rapier and buckler.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this engagement with an enemy on foot you do as follows: If you see the foot soldier coming against you, then ride toward him in full speed and drawn sword, and when you get close to him you strike him in the head from your right side to his left. If the rider comes at you in this manner, then step forward with your left foot and draw your rapier, and hold up the buckler in front of your face with your left hand and remove his strike thus. Then you thrust with your rapier into the chest of the horse, and you will fell it, and you may do whatever you wish with the opponent.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|273v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|273v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 283v.png|German|lbl=283v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 283v.png|German|lbl=283v}}
Line 10,510: Line 10,530:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 11.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 11.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[11] </p>
+
| <p>[11] '''A fight where the foot soldier is wielding a rapier and buckler, and the rider has a sword.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you perform this device with rapier and buckler: When the rider comes at you, you step forward with your left foot and quickly draw your rapier with your right hand and grab the buckler with your left for defence, and if the opponent is armed with a sword and strikes at you with it, then raise the buckler with the left hand and remove his strike thus. Then you strike the horse over both its shins, and you will fell it to the ground. Then you can fight however you wish against your opponent.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|274r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|274r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 284r.png|German|lbl=284r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 284r.png|German|lbl=284r}}
Line 10,520: Line 10,542:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 12.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 12.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[12] </p>
+
| <p>[12] '''A way for the footman to throw the rider off the saddle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you are mounted and you see your opponent footman using rapier, then draw your sword as well, and ride toward him and strike toward his head. If your opponent does this very thing, you lift up your rapier and remove his strike to the left with the long edge. Then you step forward as fast a you can with to his right side, and grab hold with your left hand in his right hand and push him away in this manner, and thus he will not be able to fight against you. Then you pierce his neck with your rapier as hard as you can, and in this manner the horseman will fall.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|274v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|274v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 287r.png|German|lbl=287r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 287r.png|German|lbl=287r}}
Line 10,530: Line 10,554:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 13.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 13.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[13] </p>
+
| <p>[13] '''Yet another way of throwing the rider to the ground.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you are on horse, and you see the footman has armed himself with rapier and buckler, then spur your horse and ride swiftly toward him with sword drawn and the point aimed toward the opponent's face or chest. If you see your opponent ride at you in this manner, then remove his thrust with the long edge to your left and drop both rapier and buckler and run toward the opponent, grab hold with the left hand on the outside of his right arm, and the inside of his elbow, and pull down, and at the same time you grab hold with your right hand in the left side of his neck, and you will throw him to the ground without risk of injury.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|275r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|275r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 287v.png|German|lbl=287v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 287v.png|German|lbl=287v}}
Line 10,540: Line 10,566:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 14.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 14.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[14] </p>
+
| <p>[14] '''Another way of throwing the horseman.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you perform this device: If the rider comes at you, then stand with your right foot forward and draw your rapier quickly. If he then draws his sword and is wishes to run you through with his point, then move your rapier up to his sword and remove his attack on his right side. Then make sure to get close to the opponent, and grab hold below in his right leg, and raise it up to his left side. And thrust him in the face with the rapier and he must wall to the ground.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|275v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|275v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 288r.png|German|lbl=288r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 288r.png|German|lbl=288r}}
Line 10,550: Line 10,578:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 26v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 26v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 15.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 15.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[15] </p>
+
| <p>[15] '''First engagement against guard in battle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you are on horseback, then do as follows in this device: Hold the lance in your right hand in the handle raised over the right leg by the saddle bow, and the point upward, and hold the reins with the left hand. Then you spur the horse and insert the lance into the lance rest and aim for the opponent's<ref>Latin text says “footman's”, which is probably just a miss on the scribe's behalf.</ref> chest. If your opponent rides at you in this manner, and you are without armour, holding a warhammer or cudgel in your right hand and the reins in the left, then ride toward him so that your right side gets to his right. Then you raise the right arm and remove the opponent's lance from your right side to his left, and in this manner you will avert his attack. If you then continue forward you will be safe from harm.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|276r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|276r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 288v.png|German|lbl=288v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 288v.png|German|lbl=288v}}
Line 10,560: Line 10,590:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 27r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 27r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 16.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 16.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[16] </p>
+
| <p>[16] '''Second engagement against guard in battle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you perform this device: Hold the lance straight up over the right leg in the saddle with the point upward in your right on the handle, or the hilt, if you wish, i.e. where you hold the lance best, and with your reins in the left hand. Then you spur the horse on and insert the lance into the lance rest and aim with the point to the opponent's chest. If your opponent comes at you in this way, and you are holding a warhammer in your right hand and the reins in your left, then ride toward your opponent and strike away his lance thrust from your right side to your opponent's left, thus you have averted his attack. Then you ride away from your opponent on his right side.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|276v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|276v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289r.png|German|lbl=289r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289r.png|German|lbl=289r}}
Line 10,570: Line 10,602:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 28r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 28r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 17.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 17.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[17] </p>
+
| <p>[17] '''Engagement with a lance against sword.'''<ref>Latin: How to use lance against an opponent with a sword.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Make sure in the very beginning to insert the lance into the lance rest, and when you ride toward him, you lower the point. Then you raise the point quickly again and turn it into his face or chest. If your opponent comes at you this, you ride at him as well and hold the sword in your right hand over the right leg in the saddle and the reins in your left hand, and move the sword to the front end of his lance and move it to the right, and you have averted his attack. Then you continue forward to his right side and lift up his lance with the cross on your sword high over his shoulder and strike the pommel into his visor. When you have done this, you continue forward past his right side.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|277r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|277r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289v.png|German|lbl=289v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289v.png|German|lbl=289v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|176v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|176v|jpg}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289v.png|Latin|lbl=289v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 289v.png|Latin|lbl=289v}}
|
 
 
|-
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 27v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 18.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| <p>[18] </p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|277v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291r.png|German|lbl=291r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|178r|jpg}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291r.png|Latin|lbl=291r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 10,590: Line 10,614:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 28v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 28v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 19.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 19.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[19] </p>
+
| <p>[18] '''An upper winding in with the sword over his lance.'''<ref>Latin: Another defence with sword against lance.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you have inserted the lance into the lance rest, you ride toward the opponent and aim the point to his chest. If your opponent comes at you in this manner, and you are without armour, holding your sword before your chest in your right hand, and the reins in your left, then ride toward him and remove his lance thrust to your right. Then you reach over his lance with your right arm so that you hold it under the arm, and make sure to put the sword underneath so that the cross lies against the underside of the lance. If you then continue forward, you will strike the opponent's lance out of the lance rest with your sword in your left side.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|278r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|278r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290r.png|German|lbl=290r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290r.png|German|lbl=290r}}
Line 10,600: Line 10,626:
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 11v.jpg|Cgm 1507 12r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 11v.jpg|Cgm 1507 12r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 20.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 20.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[20] </p>
+
| <p>[19] '''Parry by the shield on the sword.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If your opponent comes at you on horse with his lance in the lance rest, then draw your sword and hold it before you with the point upward, and ride forward with your arm raised and as you ride forward you lower the point down on your left side. Then, when his lance gets close to you, you turn the hand so that the long edge faces up, and the short edge lies against the inside of the opponent's lance, and quickly deflect the lance with the cross to your left, and you have averted your opponent's thrust. Then make sure to pull up the sword again and thrust with the point, or hit him with the pommel in the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290v.png|German|lbl=290v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290v.png|German|lbl=290v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|177v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|177v|jpg}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290v.png|Latin|lbl=290v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 290v.png|Latin|lbl=290v}}
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 27v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 18.png|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>[20] '''Another defence with sword against lance.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>In this device you do as follows: Insert the lance into the lance rest and turn the lance into his chest as hard as you can. If he does this to you, and you are holding the word in your right hand with the hilt before your chest and the point upward, then ride against your opponent and remove his thrust with the long edge of your sword from your left to your right side, and when you ride closer to him, you move the lance in under your right arm and your sword under it, and then you strike your pommel into his visor. If your opponent tries to do the same, you throw the lance out of the lance rest and grab hold with your right hand in his right and remove his attack thus. If you then continue forward you will throw him off the saddle. </p>
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|277v|png}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291r.png|German|lbl=291r}}
 +
| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II|178r|jpg}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291r.png|Latin|lbl=291r}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 10,610: Line 10,650:
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 07v.jpg|Cgm 1507 08r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 07v.jpg|Cgm 1507 08r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 21.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 21.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[21] </p>
+
| <p>[21] '''A parry with the lance on both sides.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When your opponent has inserted his lance into the lance rest, then put your reins into the lower armour hook and hold the lance across before you, so that the point faces upward and the thicker end down on your right, and move your lance point to the outside of the opponent's lance on his right side, and if you then move his lance with your left side to his left, you have averted his thrust and he is forced to drop his lance. If you then ride on, and make sure to lift up the lance with both arms in the air and turn in the point into the opponent and thrust him in the face or armpit. If your opponent comes at you in this manner, then remove his thrust with the right arm on the outside, that way his thrust is in vain.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291v.png|German|lbl=291v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 291v.png|German|lbl=291v}}
Line 10,620: Line 10,662:
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 08v.jpg|Cgm 1507 09r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| {{double page|Cgm 1507 08v.jpg|Cgm 1507 09r.jpg|x210px|x210px}}
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 22.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 22.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[22] </p>
+
| <p>[22] '''A reach-over in pursuit.'''<ref>Latin: A technique where you lower the lance over the right shoulder and thus fell the opponent's horse.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both have inserted your lances into the lance rests, and are about to ride toward each other, to attack each other, and you wish to trick your opponent with said technique, then turn your horse and pull the lance out of the lance rest, and pretend to flee, and pay attention to whether he pursues you with his lance in the lance rest. Then, when you see him coming toward you, you wait a little while until he comes close to you, move the lance over your right shoulder so that the point ends up between the opponent's horse's front legs, and bind with the outside of his lance. Then you hold the lance firmly with your right hand in the handle and lift the arm, as well as the lance, and you will have thwarted your opponent's thrust as well as tripped his horse. If you then turn from your right to left so that you again is facing your opponent, you may fight against him however you want.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 292r.png|German|lbl=292r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 292r.png|German|lbl=292r}}
Line 10,630: Line 10,674:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 29r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 29r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 23.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 23.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[23] </p>
+
| <p>[23] '''A changing through with both lances.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you perform this device: Insert the lance into the lance rest, and ride toward the opponent and thrust him in the chest. If your opponent is doing this to you, then ride toward him as well, and change through with your lance from your right side and remove his lance hard, and thrust him in the visor. If he does this however, then drop the reins with the left hand in the engagement, and remove his lance from your left to your right, and you will get away without injuries.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|278v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|278v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 292v.png|German|lbl=292v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 292v.png|German|lbl=292v}}
Line 10,640: Line 10,686:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 29v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 29v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 24.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 24.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[24] </p>
+
| <p>[24] '''Engagement with a parry with the lance handle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Put the reins in the lower armour hook, and attack your opponent with a thrust with the lance. If he does this on the other hand, and you have not had the time to insert the lance into the lance rest, before he comes charging at you, then ride in on his right side and hold the lance across before you with the point to the ground on your left side, and as you ride forward, you deflect his thrust to your right with the lance base, and then you drop the reins with the left hand and grab hold of the lance with it, lift up the lance and thrust with the point into the opponent's visor.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|279r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|279r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 293r.png|German|lbl=293r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 293r.png|German|lbl=293r}}
Line 10,650: Line 10,698:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 30r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 30r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 25.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 25.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[25] </p>
+
| <p>[25] '''A surprise attack against a parry with the middle of the lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you perform this device: Insert the lance into the lance rest and charge your opponent and thrust him with the lance in the chest. If the opponent does this, and you are being taken by surprise, so that you have not had time to insert the lance into the lance rest, then ride toward his right side and hold your lance across before you with the point to the ground on your left side, and hold your reins and the lance together, and catch the opponent's thrust with the lance base to your right as you spur the horse. Then you let go of the lance with the right hand and grab hold underneath in the middle of the opponent's lance, and ride past him, and you will pull his lance out of the lance rest over his right shoulder.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|279v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|279v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 293v.png|German|lbl=293v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 293v.png|German|lbl=293v}}
Line 10,660: Line 10,710:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 30v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 30v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 26.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 26.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[26] </p>
+
| <p>[26] '''A thrust with the lance handle to the opponents neck.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this fight you do as follows: When you have inserted the lance into the lance rest, then charge ahead with force to your opponent and aim a thrust to the upper part of his chest. If your opponent charges at you in this way, and you had not had the time to insert your lance into the lance rest, then ride toward him anyway, and hold the lance across the horse and as you charge at him you parry with the lance base from your left to your right as hard as you can.Thus the opponent will be forced to drop his lance. Then you put the reins in the lower hook in the belt of your armour, raise the lance over your head and grab hold of the front end of the lance with the right hand and with the left on the back end over your head and in this way turn in the lance base in his neck, and if you continue charging forward you will throw him out of the saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|280r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|280r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 294r.png|German|lbl=294r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 294r.png|German|lbl=294r}}
Line 10,670: Line 10,722:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 31r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 31r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 27.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 27.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[27] </p>
+
| <p>[27] '''Hand parry of the opponent's strike with the back end of his lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Said device is performed as follows: When you have inserted the lance into the lance rest, you spur your horse and charge at your opponent, and thrust against chest. If your opponent comes at you in this manner, then ride toward him as well, and put the reins into the lower hook, and hold the lance across the horse before you, with the right hand on the handle in front(facing forward) and the left hand in the back and when charging you parry his thrust from your right side to his with the lance base, and thrust it into the face or neck of the opponent. If your opponent does this to you, you let the lance drop, and grab hold of the handle of the opponent's lance with your right hand and remove his thrust thus. Then, if you continue forward you can throw him out of the saddle as well has he can throw you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|280v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|280v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 294v.png|German|lbl=294v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 294v.png|German|lbl=294v}}
Line 10,680: Line 10,734:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 31v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 31v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 28.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 28.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[28] </p>
+
| <p>[28] '''A strike to the opponent's chin, i.e. a half sun gaze.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is what you do in this skirmish: Insert the lance in the lance rest and charge at your opponent and hold your lance across the front of the saddle before you, and as you come together, you remove his thrust with the steel base to your left. If he does this however, you let go of the lance as fast as you can, and ride up close to him and strike away his lance with the right harm so that its handle flies up, and then you put the right hand under the opponent's chin over his lance and ride on past him, and you will throw him out of the saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|281r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|281r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 295r.png|German|lbl=295r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 295r.png|German|lbl=295r}}
Line 10,690: Line 10,746:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 32r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 32r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 29.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 29.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[29] </p>
+
| <p>[29] '''A lower parry against a thrust to your horse's chest.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is what you do in this device: As soon as you have inserted the lance into the lance rest, you charge at your opponent and aim a thrust at the chest of the opponent's horse. If your opponent directs a thrust at your horse's chest in the same manner, you put the reins into the lower armour hook and ride toward him with the lance pointing to the ground, and parry to your left, so that his lance is on the outside. Then you turn down the lance handle with the right hand over your right leg and lift up your with left hand, that way you will throw the opponent's lance away when you ride past him from your left side to his left, and simultaneously you can strike or thrust him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|281v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|281v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 295v.png|German|lbl=295v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 295v.png|German|lbl=295v}}
Line 10,700: Line 10,758:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 32v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 32v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 30.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 30.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[30] </p>
+
| <p>[30] '''How to overthrow the horse with the lance.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Insert the lance into the lance rest and charge with full force at your opponent and aim a thrust to his horse. If your opponent does this, taking you by surprise so that you have no time to insert the lance into the lance rest, then ride toward him at the same time, and hold the lance with the point to the ground and the lance handle in your right hand in front of your visor, that way you will remove his attack and throw the opponent over as well as his horse. When you see the opponent fall, you quickly let go of the lance with your right hand and ride past him on his left side.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|282r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|282r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 296r.png|German|lbl=296r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 296r.png|German|lbl=296r}}
Line 10,710: Line 10,770:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 31.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 31.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[31] </p>
+
| <p>[31] '''The guards with the sword on both sides.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both have drawn your swords, and inserted your rein in the lower armour hooks, and you, wishing to come out victorious in this battle, are holding the sword with your right hand on the hilt and the left in the middle of the blade and the point toward the opponent. If your opponent comes at you in this manner and charges at you to thrust, then ride toward him in the same position as in the beginning, so that your sword enters in front on the outside of his left hand. Then you let go of the sword with your left and continue forward with your right so that you pull his left hand that is holding the sword from your right side to his left, and in this manner you can lock his sword, and his attack is rendered useless. But if your opponent has locked you in the same way, you let go of the hilt with your right hand and grab hold firmly in the inside of his arm and ride past him, and you will get free.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 296v.png|German|lbl=296v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 296v.png|German|lbl=296v}}
Line 10,720: Line 10,782:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 33r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 33r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 32.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 32.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[32] </p>
+
| <p>[32] '''The mane guard, i.e. when you put the sword between the horse's ears, against the side guard.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this device you do as follows: Draw your sword and charge, holding your sword with your right hand over your right thigh, and put the blade between both ears of your sword, i.e. on the mane, and with the point aimed toward the opponent. If your opponent comes at you with the sword drawn in the same manner, then you draw your sword as well, and hold it with your right hand on your left side in side guard over your left hand. When you ride toward him in said guard and he then aims a thrust toward your visor out of aforementioned tassel guard, then remove it to your right and when you ride past him you cut him in the back of the head.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|282v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|282v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 297r.png|German|lbl=297r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 297r.png|German|lbl=297r}}
Line 10,730: Line 10,794:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 33v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 33v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 33.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 33.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[33] </p>
+
| <p>[33] '''Side guard against high guard.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Charge in said guard and hold your sword with your right hand on your right hip with the point down over your right leg in side guard. If your opponent comes at you in the same manner, then ride toward him as well with your sword drawn, and lift it up over your head and make a thrust with the point from the high guard toward your opponent's groin. If he thrusts at you in the same way, then remove his attack to your left and then you thrust him in the right armpit or cut him in the right side and ride past him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|283r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|283r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 297v.png|German|lbl=297v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 297v.png|German|lbl=297v}}
Line 10,740: Line 10,806:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 34r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 34r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 34.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 34.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[34] </p>
+
| <p>[34] '''Two other guards with the sword on horseback.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you behave in this skirmish: Draw your sword, and hold it with your right hand on the hilt in high guard with the point aimed toward the opponent. From this position you charge your opponent and direct a thrust with the point to your opponent's neck. If he does the same, and you are holding the sword in your right hand, then ride toward him too with your sword drawn in side guard on your right side. Then you raise your sword toward his and remove his thrust on your left side, ride past him and strike or thrust him however you want in the right side of his head.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|283v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|283v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 298r.png|German|lbl=298r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 298r.png|German|lbl=298r}}
Line 10,750: Line 10,818:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 34v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 34v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 35.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 35.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[35] </p>
+
| <p>[35] '''Wrath strike against a parry.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this clash you do thus: Hold your sword raised in your right hand and charge your opponent quickly, and strike a wrath strike from your left to the right side of your opponent's head. If your opponent attacks you thus, and you are holding your sword in your right hand, then parry with the cross on your right side and thrust or strike at his visor, and then you ride past him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|284r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|284r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 298v.png|German|lbl=298v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 298v.png|German|lbl=298v}}
Line 10,760: Line 10,830:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 35r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 35r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 36.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 36.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[36] </p>
+
| <p>[36] '''Wrath strike against the side guard.'''</p>
 +
<p>In this fight you do as follows: Attack your opponent quickly with your sword drawn in side position, point directed at the opponent. If he comes at you in the same manner, then ride toward him as well, holding your sword in the right hand raised over your head. When your opponent then raises his sword to strike a wrath strike toward your head, or to strike you in the head with the pommel, you raise the sword from the side guard and pay attention to the three open parts on the opponent that you can reach with your point, which are the right armpit, the opening in the armour on his right elbow, and lastly the visor. When you ride past him you can do whatever you wish against him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|284v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|284v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 299r.png|German|lbl=299r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 299r.png|German|lbl=299r}}
Line 10,770: Line 10,841:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 35v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 35v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 37.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 37.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[37] </p>
+
| <p>[37] '''Thrust to the visor against a parry.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this device, you attack your opponent with the sword and direct a thrust to his visor. If your opponent attacks you in the same way, by thrusting towards your visor, then raise the sword and bind with his, and lift it up. That way you have parried his attack, and at the same time you may cut or thrust him in the neck of visor. Of your opponent attacks you with cuts or thrusts in the same manner, you parry while riding past him. Then you turn your horse around and strike or thrust him in the back of his neck. Then you ride away.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|285r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|285r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 299v.png|German|lbl=299v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 299v.png|German|lbl=299v}}
Line 10,780: Line 10,853:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 36r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 36r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 38.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 38.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[38] </p>
+
| <p>[38] '''A disarm followed by an arm-break.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When riding toward each other with drawn swords, and you desire to emerge victorious in this battle, holding your sword in your sword in your right hand, then strike toward your opponent's head. If your opponent does this, you raise the sword and parry with the long edge hanging forward in your left side. Then you move your pommel over the opponent's right hand, lean forward and pull toward you as hard as you can, put the reins in the lower hook by the belt, and grab with your left hand in your pommel, and if you then lift up firmly on your left side, then you will twist his sword away and break his arm as well. Then you ride past him and strike or thrust to his visor.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|285v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|285v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 300r.png|German|lbl=300r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 300r.png|German|lbl=300r}}
Line 10,790: Line 10,865:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 14r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 14r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 39.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 39.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[39] </p>
+
| <p>[39] '''A setup with the hilt on both sides.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both charge at each other with swords drawn, and your opponent strikes from above toward your head, then ride forward to his right side and turn up the long edge against his strike and parry with the cross. When you have come close you turn up the hilt with the pommel first over his sword and move the pommel over his right hand so that it comes under his pommel. If you then press down to your left when riding past him, putting your reins into the lower armour hook, you may grab his chin with your left hand and pull him away, so that he falls backwards when you ride past him. If you notice this happen to you, then put your reins into the belt hook, and grab hold with both hands on the inside of his arm, and push away hard, and you will get away. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 300v.png|German|lbl=300v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 300v.png|German|lbl=300v}}
Line 10,800: Line 10,877:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 36v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 36v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 40.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 40.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[40] </p>
+
| <p>[40] '''A lock around the opponent's neck.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Put your pommel before you against your armour and charge at your opponent and aim a thrust to his visor or right armpit. If he does this however, then ride toward him too, and put the pommel on your right leg and parry his thrust with the long edge on your right side to his left. Then  you put the short edge over his left shoulder so that the point hangs down behind his back, put your reins in the belt hook, and grab hold with your left hand on your blade near the cross just over his back and pull him to your left, and you will throw him to the ground when you ride past him. </p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|286r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|286r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 301r.png|German|lbl=301r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 301r.png|German|lbl=301r}}
Line 10,810: Line 10,889:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 37r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 37r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 41.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 41.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[41] </p>
+
| <p>[41] '''Counter to the lock around the neck.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this skirmish you do this: When you both attack each other and the opponent tries to lock your neck, you put your reins into the lower armour hook and grab hold with your left hand in your opponent's right arm and lift it up, and you will get away. Then you grab the reins again with your left hand and pretend to flee, but instead you turn the horse around from your right to the opponent's left and strike him in the left leg with the sword. Then you may do what you want with him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|286v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|286v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 301v.png|German|lbl=301v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 301v.png|German|lbl=301v}}
Line 10,820: Line 10,901:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 37v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 37v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 42.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 42.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[42] </p>
+
| <p>[42] '''Defence against turning around.'''<ref>Latin: A way of stopping the opponent from turning the horse.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both have come together and the opponent wants to turn his horse around, then ride as fast as you can into him and see to it that he cannot turn his horse around. Then you turn in your sword point from the upper guard into his visor, put the reins into the lower armour hook and grab hold of with the left hand in the opponent's right, and press down the hand and the sword to the left and at the same time you push him away from you with the sword as hard as you can. This way you may pull him out of the saddle when you ride past him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|287r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|287r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 302r.png|German|lbl=302r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 302r.png|German|lbl=302r}}
Line 10,830: Line 10,913:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 38r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 38r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 43.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 43.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[43] </p>
+
| <p>[43] '''How to lift a rider off the saddle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When the opponent rides toward you in full speed, and is about to strike at you from above, or turn the pommel into your visor, then ride toward him as well but do not draw your sword, but instead grab hold with your right hand in his right and ride up close to him. Then you lift up, and at the same time you kick him below with your right foot by his right spur. If you do this, you will throw him out of the saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|287v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|287v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 302v.png|German|lbl=302v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 302v.png|German|lbl=302v}}
Line 10,840: Line 10,925:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 38v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 38v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 44.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 44.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[44] </p>
+
| <p>[44] '''A sun-gaze, i.e. when the opponent is thrown backwards along with the horse.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you ride toward each other, then do as follows: If he tries to strike a wrath strike at you from above or turn his pommel into your visor, then do not draw your sword, but ride toward him and grab hold with your right hand in the reins on the opponent's horse near the neck andpull up as hard as you can, so that the horse starts to rear on its hind legs. Then you put the right hand on his face so that the reins end up well up over your right arm, and if you then ridepast him you will throw him over as well as his horse. </p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|288r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|288r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 303r.png|German|lbl=303r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 303r.png|German|lbl=303r}}
Line 10,850: Line 10,937:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 39r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 39r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 45.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 45.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[45] </p>
+
| <p>[45] '''A way of grabbing hold of the mouth piece of a rearing horse.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you wish to emerge victorious in this battle, then pull out your sword and ride toward the opponent, and strike from above to his head or turn the pommel into his visor. If your opponent does this on the other hand, then ride toward him as well, but do not draw your sword, but instead grab hold of the mouthpiece on the opponent's horse as you may see on the picture and lift up on your right side. If the horse is about to rear forcefully, then quickly ride close to him and lift up the mouthpiece, and both the horse and the opponent will fall over at the same time. But if the horse is not as incline to rear up on its hind legs, then do not use this technique, as it is much too risky. Instead you grab hold underneath on his right arm with your right hand and you will get away from the opponent safe from harm.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|288v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|288v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 303v.png|German|lbl=303v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 303v.png|German|lbl=303v}}
Line 10,860: Line 10,949:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 39v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 39v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 46.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 46.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[46] </p>
+
| <p>[46] '''How to pull the opponent over on your own horse.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you ride toward each other, but neither of you want to draw your swords, but both want to get ahead of the other, then do as follows: If he tries to grab hold of the reins of your horse, then ride forward as quickly as you can toward him and grab hold with right hand in his left shoulder and make sure that you get a firm grip in his neck and helmet. Then you kick with your right spur in the opponent's right foot, and pull hard to you so that he is weakened both above and below. If you then ride past him you will pull him out of his saddle and lay him over on your own horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|289r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|289r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 304r.png|German|lbl=304r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 304r.png|German|lbl=304r}}
Line 10,870: Line 10,961:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 40r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 40r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 47.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 47.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[47] </p>
+
| <p>[47] '''How to get away from the previous technique.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this fight, where neither has drawn the sword but decided to attack with your bare hands, and your opponent tries to pull you out of your saddle and put you on his own horse, and he then is about to grab hold of your left shoulder, then reach with your right hand over his right arm and push away from you, and you will get free. Then you pull his right arm over your saddle bow, i.e. front and upper part of your saddle and lean over it with your upper body. Then you turn your horse from his right to your left, and you will pull him out of his saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|289v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|289v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 304v.png|German|lbl=304v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 304v.png|German|lbl=304v}}
Line 10,880: Line 10,973:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 40v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 40v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 48.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 48.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[48] </p>
+
| <p>[48] '''Defence against gripping in pursuit.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride to attack each other bare handed, and neither of you has drawn your swords and you then notice your opponent turn his back toward you, then do as follows: Pursue him as fast as you can, and grab hold from behind with your right hand in his right shoulder by the neck. If your opponent does this and is about to throw you to him, then grab your reins with your right hand instead of your left, and raise your left hand from below over his right arm and grab hold of his right shoulder and press down, and you will break the opponent's arm, and when you ride further past him, you may also throw him out of the saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|290r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|290r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 305r.png|German|lbl=305r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 305r.png|German|lbl=305r}}
Line 10,890: Line 10,985:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 41r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 41r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 49.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 49.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[49] </p>
+
| <p>[49] '''Counter to the previous arm-break.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If your opponent tries to break your arm with his left hand, then pull your right arm to you quickly below, and put his left arm in under your armpit, and turn your horse from the opponent's right side to your left, and you will throw him out of the saddle. This device, and the turning of the horse is not easily illustrated, but from this technique you can perform several other devices. </p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|290v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|290v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 305v.png|German|lbl=305v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 305v.png|German|lbl=305v}}
Line 10,900: Line 10,997:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 41v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 41v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 50.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 50.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[50] </p>
+
| <p>[50] '''A neck throw against a counter.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this fight, when the opponent has reached with his right hand around your neck and forces you to drop the reins, then bend forward into the scales, and grab hold with the reins again with your left hand and insert them on the saddle bow for better support. Then reach with your right hand around the waist of your opponent under his left armpit and place it over his left arm. If you then ride past him you will deprive him of his bridle and throw him backwards off the horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|291r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|291r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 306r.png|German|lbl=306r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 306r.png|German|lbl=306r}}
Line 10,910: Line 11,009:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 42r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 42r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 51.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 51.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[51] </p>
+
| <p>[51] '''How to counter the previous device.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you have clashed together and your opponent has grabbed hold of your left arm and armpit, then quickly put the reins in the lower armour hook and ride as close as you can to your opponent, and grab hold with your left hand over his right, and pull it close to you over the saddle bow. Then you put down the right arm and elbow in front over his upper body and over his right arm(as you see in the picture), and if you then pull to you above and at the same time head butt him with the visor into his chest, and push away from you when riding past him, you will throw him backwards off the horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|291v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|291v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 306v.png|German|lbl=306v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 306v.png|German|lbl=306v}}
Line 10,920: Line 11,021:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 42v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 42v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 52.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 52.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[52] </p>
+
| <p>[52] '''The chest technique with abduction.'''<ref>Latin: A technique where you grab hold of the chest of the opponent with both hands and abduct him.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this following clash, you do thus: When you both ride toward each other you quickly put your reins in the lower armour hook you have on your waist, and grab hold with both hands in the chest of your opponent. If he does this, and is about to lift you off the saddle, then put the reins into the lower armour hook, and make sure to loosen your feet from the stirrups and press yourself hard against him. Then you leave your own horse and jump over to his, and sit down behind him, holding him around his arms with both your hands, and then you grab hold of his reins and pull to you, and then you may ride away wherever you want with the opponent held captive.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|292r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|292r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 307r.png|German|lbl=307r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 307r.png|German|lbl=307r}}
Line 10,930: Line 11,033:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 43r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 43r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 53.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 53.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[53] </p>
+
| <p>[53] '''A surprise attack against the sun gaze.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If your opponent comes charging at you in full speed with the sword drawn, so that you have no time to draw your sword, and he then strikes at your visor, then ride up toward the opponent and lift your right arm to his sword, and parry it on your right side. Then you ride in close to him and grab hold of his open visor with your right hand and push upward, and thus show him the sun, and when you ride past him you will break his neck.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|292v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|292v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 307v.png|German|lbl=307v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 307v.png|German|lbl=307v}}
Line 10,940: Line 11,045:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 43v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 43v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 54.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 54.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[54] </p>
+
| <p>[54] '''The Forceful throw with the hook.'''<ref>Latin: A throwing technique by inserting a hook, by which insert without him knowing.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both charge each other without swords drawn, but both of you want to be faster than the other, then do as follows: when your opponent comes riding toward you, and tries to grab hold of your open visor, then put your reins into the armour hook you have by the belt, and remove him with your left hand. Then you insert between your fingers the rope with a hook attached to it that you have hidden under your arming jacket by the saddle wing, and insert it over the opponent's armour wherever you can on the right or left side, and if you then ride past him, you will pull him to the ground.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>''How to make good use the hook is described in detail in the preface to this book, on the 16th folio of close combat on horse and foot.''</p>
 +
 
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|293r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|293r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 308r.png|German|lbl=308r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 308r.png|German|lbl=308r}}
Line 10,950: Line 11,060:
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 44r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.5 44r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 55.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 55.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[55] </p>
+
| <p>[55] '''A mane grip, whereby you make [the horse] bridle-less.'''<ref>How to pull the bridle off a horse.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is how you do this device: if you both were to ride toward each other with open visors, and your opponent is about to thrust or strike at your face, then you quickly insert the reins into the lower armour hook and remove his attack to your left with your left hand. Then you grab hold with in the part of the bridle on the opponent's horse that is behind its ears and mane and pull off the bridle thus, as you ride close to the opponent. If your opponent tries to do the same to you, you drop the sword and grab hold with your right hand in his right armpit, spur the horse and ride past him, and you will throw him out of the saddle.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|293v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|293v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 308v.png|German|lbl=308v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 308v.png|German|lbl=308v}}
Line 10,960: Line 11,072:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 17r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 17r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 56.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 56.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[56] </p>
+
| <p>[56] '''Riding side by side gripping.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride close to each other with bare hands, and you both try to grab hold of the other and throw him off the horse, then make sure, since you want to come out the victor, that you close in hard on the opponent's right with your left side. Then you reach with your left arm from behind around the opponent's neck and grab hold firmly in front in his neck, spur the horse and kick his right foot with your left by the stirrup. If you continue forward past the opponent you will throw him forward over on your horse or pull him forward off the saddle. But if you see that your opponent tries to grab hold of you in the same manner, then you lift up the right arm, and strike him as hard as you can in the inside of his elbow. If you then press down hard in this way, and continue forward beside your opponent you will get free of him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 309r.png|German|lbl=309r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 309r.png|German|lbl=309r}}
Line 10,970: Line 11,084:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 17v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 17v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 57.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 57.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[57] </p>
+
| <p>[57] '''Second lock side by side.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you ride toward each other bare handed, you grip with your left hand turned inward onto the opponent's visor, and pull him backwards and pull him against you, and he will fall out of the saddle. If your opponent does this however, then ride as close as you can, and reach with your right arm over your opponent's left and push it down so that it ends up under your right armpit. Then you press down firmly, using your left hand to support your right and press him down over the saddle bow, and you will have him captured, and if he resists, he will pull himself out of his saddle when he rides past you. If you want to, you may also break his arm by turning your horse to your left from his right side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 309v.png|German|lbl=309v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 309v.png|German|lbl=309v}}
Line 10,980: Line 11,096:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 58.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 58.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[58] </p>
+
| <p>[58] '''Hand grip in the clash.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both charge each other without drawing your swords, and you wish to emerge the victor, then do as follows: when you close in on your opponent's right side with your own right, you put your right hand on the opponent's visor, and push it away from you when you ride past him, and you will thrown the opponent backwards. If you notice he does the same, you wrap your right arm around his and press it hard to your chest. If your opponent tries to do this, however, you lower your hand and press down his left hand holding the reins, and quickly. Then you pull him over to your right side. Furthermore, should your opponent try to throw you in the same manner, when he rides past you, you grab hold firmly with your right hand that you have wrapped over your opponent's arm onto the saddle wing, just by the upper part of the saddle, and with the left hand in the saddle bow, i.e. front part of the saddle and press down forcefully with your elbow on the inside of the opponent's elbow as you ride past him, and he is forced to let go or be thrown over, and his attack is for nothing.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 310r.png|German|lbl=310r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 310r.png|German|lbl=310r}}
Line 10,990: Line 11,108:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 59.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 59.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[59] </p>
+
| <p>[59] '''Bare hand grip.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When riding toward each other without having drawn your swords, then do as follows in this device: when you close in on your opponent, holding your right hand resting on the right leg, then grab hold quickly onto your opponent's left hand holding the reins and pull to you as hard as you can. If your opponent has grabbed hold of you in the same way, however, you put your palm on his visor as fast as you can and when you ride past him you will push him backwards out of the saddle. If he does this, on the other hand, you let go of his left with your right hand and then you strike out with your arm to the left on the inside of his arm, just by the elbow, and you will get free again, and his work is for naught.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 310v.png|German|lbl=310v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 310v.png|German|lbl=310v}}
Line 11,000: Line 11,120:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 16v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 16v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 60.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 60.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[60] </p>
+
| <p>[60] '''Grab from behind.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If someone comes up from behind who is faster than you, and you both are empty handed, and your opponent comes up with his left side on your right, and reaches around your neck with his left arm from behind and takes a firm hold of you to abduct you ore throw you against him, then make sure as soon as the opponent comes close, that you wrap your right arm around your opponent's on the outside. Then you let go of the reins with your left hand and insert them in the lower armour hook, and use it(the left hand) to support your right and you will get free of him above, and at the same time you hold his arm against your chest. If you continue forward, you will have him captured. But if you want to throw him to the ground, you pull his arm over the saddle bow and hold it firmly, and grab the reins with your left hand again. Then you turn your horse from the opponent's left side you your right, as you hold his arm as hard as you can, and you will throw him to the ground.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 311r.png|German|lbl=311r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 311r.png|German|lbl=311r}}
Line 11,010: Line 11,132:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 16r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 16r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 61.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 61.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[61] </p>
+
| <p>[61] '''Grab in front.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride toward each other empty handed, and you wish to emerge victorious, you hold your right hand over the right leg, with the arm close to your body, and ride in with your right side against your opponent's right. When you have come together, you move your right arm in front over and around his neck and push yourself against him with the upper body, and as you push away from you above with the arm on his neck, and you will throw him backwards. If your opponent holds you in the same grip, and wants to drag you out of the saddle, then move your right arm over his right elbow and press down hard. Then you grab hold with both hands in your saddle bow, and continue riding forward, that way the opponent will throw himself. This technique can be done in many ways.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 311v.png|German|lbl=311v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 311v.png|German|lbl=311v}}
Line 11,020: Line 11,144:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 18r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 18r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 62.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 62.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[62] </p>
+
| <p>[62] '''Mane/hair grip.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both charge at each other empty handed, and you wish win the victory, then do as follows: hold your arms close to the body and the reins hard with your left hand near your chest by the saddle bow. Then you ride in with your left side onto your opponent's left side as close as you can, and grab hold with your left hand(sic) onto the opponent's visor. If he attacks you thus, then insert the reins into the front armour hook, and grab hold with your left hand on the inside of his elbow and press down to your right as hard as you can. Then you put your right hand behind his neck and grab hold in his visor by the right eye or around his chin, and pull forward as you press down hard. When you have done this, you take your reins again with your left hand and hold hard in the saddle bow. Then, if you press down, and at the same time pull to you above as you ride past, and kick the opponent's left foot with your left just by the stirrup, you will throw him off the horse easily.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 312r.png|German|lbl=312r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 312r.png|German|lbl=312r}}
Line 11,030: Line 11,156:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 63.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 63.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[63] </p>
+
| <p>[63] '''Running side by side where you take the horse.'''<ref>Latin: Horses.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride toward each other and you then ride in with your right side onto the opponent's left, as soon as you get close to him, reach with your hand over the opponent's horse's neck and grab hold of the steel rods on its mouthpiece. If you then pull upward, the opponent's horse will rear. But if your opponent tries to do the same to you, just as he leans forward to grab hold of the mouth piece, you grab hold of him and wrap your right arm around the back of his neck and pull him to you as you press him down as hard as you can against your saddle bow. Then your grab hold with your left hand in his left and press down, you have averted his attack, as well as you have pinned him down and may capture him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 312v.png|German|lbl=312v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 312v.png|German|lbl=312v}}
Line 11,040: Line 11,168:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 64.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 64.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[64] </p>
+
| <p>[64] '''Two grips on the opponent's hands from both left sides.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When riding towards each other's left sides, then reach with your left hand over your opponent's left arm and take hold of it underneath in his left armpit. If your opponent as taken hold of you thus, you quickly insert the reins into your front armour hook, and grab with your right hand on the outside of your opponent's left elbow, and with your left hand in his left and press down in this manner, and at the same time you raise his elbow, and you will break his arm. Then you ride away from him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|294r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|294r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 313r.png|German|lbl=313r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 313r.png|German|lbl=313r}}
Line 11,050: Line 11,180:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 65.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 65.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[65] </p>
+
| <p>[65] '''A hand grip together with a wrestling technique.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In said fight you do as follows: when you both ride toward each other on your left sides, then insert the reins into the front armour hook, and grab hold with your right hand over your opponent's chest in his right armpit and grab hold with your left hand to support your right. Then you put him in front of you on your saddle and ride away.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|294v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|294v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 313v.png|German|lbl=313v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 313v.png|German|lbl=313v}}
Line 11,060: Line 11,192:
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 66'.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 66'.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 66.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 66.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[66]<ref>While the text is identical, the illustration in the Dresden version is different from that of Munich and Vienna versions.</ref></p>
+
| <p>[66] '''Another variation on the previous technique.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride at each other's right sides, then ride close to your opponent and reach with your right hand under his right arm and pull him to you. If he attacks you thus, then insert the reins in the lower armour hook and grab hold with your left hand onto his left and pull him over to your saddle and press him down over the saddle bow. If you then spur your horse and ride away, you will drag him off his horse.<ref>While the text is identical, the illustration in the Dresden version is different from that of Munich and Vienna versions.</ref></p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|295r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|295r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 314r.png|German|lbl=314r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 314r.png|German|lbl=314r}}
Line 11,070: Line 11,204:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 67.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 67.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[67] </p>
+
| <p>[67] '''Wrestling technique where you throw the rider out of the saddle.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Ride in on your opponent's right side, insert the reins into the lower armour hook and grab hold on the outside of the opponent's right leg with your left hand. If he does this to you, then make sure that you grab hold of his left hand with your right and pull it over your saddle-bow, so that both hands are joined, and you can pull him to you. If your opponent has grabbed hold of your left hand, then grab the back of his knee with your right hand and throw it out of the stirrup, and lift up. Then if you spur the horse and ride forward, you will throw the opponent backwards.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|295v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|295v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 314v.png|German|lbl=314v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 314v.png|German|lbl=314v}}
Line 11,080: Line 11,216:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 68.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 68.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[68] </p>
+
| <p>[68] '''Another wrestling technique where you throw the opponent in front of you over onto your own horse.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>In this device you do as follows: when you both ride toward each other, you quickly insert the reins into the lower armour hook, and as soon as you have come close you your opponent, you reach with your left hand around the left side of his neck, and with the right hand in his left armpit. If your opponent holds you in this way, you grab hold with your right hand in the back of his left knee and loosen the foot out of the stirrup, and grab hold with the left hand in his left shoulder. If he has taken hold of you in the same manner and is about to throw you to the ground, then pull him to you as hard as you can, and press him down in front of you over the saddle-bow, that way you will pull him out of the saddle and put him over onto your own horse. Then you can ride away with him captured wherever you wish.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|296r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|296r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 315r.png|German|lbl=315r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 315r.png|German|lbl=315r}}
Line 11,090: Line 11,228:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 69.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 69.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[69] </p>
+
| <p>[69] '''Another version of the previous on both left sides.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is what you do to your opponent: when you both approach each other's left sides, then ride as close as you can onto your opponent and insert the reins into the lower armour hook. If he then rides close to you and tries to grab you around the waist, you reach with your right hand over the right shoulder and onto his back and pull him to you hard, and with your left hand you lift up his left leg that you have kicked out of the stirrup just before, and thus you lift him out of the saddle. Then you lay him down in front of you on your own horse, and you may ride away with him captured.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|296v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|296v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 315v.png|German|lbl=315v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 315v.png|German|lbl=315v}}
Line 11,100: Line 11,240:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 70.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 70.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[70] </p>
+
| <p>[70] '''A dagger thrust against a parry in mounted combat.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride toward each other and you get close to your opponent, you insert the reins into the lower armour hook, and grab hold with your left hands into the opponent's reins. Then you draw your dagger and thrust it into your opponent's visor. If the opponent is doing this to you, and you have not had the time to draw your own dagger, then grab hold with your right hand in his right hand by the wrist and lift up, that way you have averted his attack and weakened him. Then you let go of the reins with your left hand, draw your dagger with it, and thrust him with the dagger on the inside of his left hand, and you get free both above and below. Then you ride forward past him.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|297r|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|297r|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 316r.png|German|lbl=316r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 316r.png|German|lbl=316r}}
Line 11,110: Line 11,252:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 71.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 71.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[71] </p>
+
| <p>[71] '''Another dagger thrust to the visor against a throw.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both ride in toward each other's right side, and you wish to win in this device, you shall ride in close to him, draw the dagger and thrust at his visor. If your opponent attacks you in this manner, and you had not yet drawn yours, you insert the reins into the lower armour hook, and lift up the opponent's right arm with your left hand, and you have averted his attack and weakened him. When you have done this, you grab hold with your right hand between his arms in his visor and push away from you. Spur your horse and ride past him forcefully, and you will pull the opponent off the horse.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|297v|png}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.94|297v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 316v.png|German|lbl=316v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 316v.png|German|lbl=316v}}
Line 11,120: Line 11,264:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 18v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 18v.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 72.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 72.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[72] </p>
+
| <p>[72] '''Defence on foot against the attack of a mounted opponent.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you both have clashed together, and you have lost your lance, you turn your horse quickly and run back to it, and as soon as you dismount you hold the reins with your left hand so that you are holding your horse turned toward your opponent. This way the opponent cannot hurt you, and both him and his horse will wear out. Furthermore, you can keep yourself safe from the opponent as long as you wish and at the same time retrieve your lance. When you have gotten it back, you hold it with both hands, with the left above and the right below by the handle, and press the back end of the lance into the ground. Then you let your horse go. When your opponent then comes at you at full speed, and has only inserted his lance into the lance rest on its middle, you raise the point of your lance firmly at his face and remove his lance in the inside to your left and down on his right side. Then you raise your right arm and lower your left and press down the lance in the ground in front of the horse and if you then at the same time step to the left of your opponent, he will fall to the ground and lose his lance. Then you may fight with him however you please.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 317r.png|German|lbl=317r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 317r.png|German|lbl=317r}}
Line 11,130: Line 11,276:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 19r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 19r.jpg|350x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 73.png|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Mair's mounted fencing 73.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[73] </p>
+
| <p>[73] '''A tripping of both horse and rider.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If your mounted opponent has drawn his sword and charges at you, and you are on the ground, then hold your lance with right hand on the handle and the left on the front end, right foot forward. When the opponent comes charging at you at full speed, then grab hold of the lance for a thrust with the front end with both hands, and thrust the lance point between the opponent's horse's front legs and raise the back end of the lance as high as you can with both hands, and you will fell both horse and rider. Then you may use whatever techniques you want against him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 317v.png|German|lbl=317v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 317v.png|German|lbl=317v}}
Line 11,594: Line 11,742:
 
| <p>[36] '''Scissor lock'''</p>
 
| <p>[36] '''Scissor lock'''</p>
  
<p>Step forward with your right foot and take hold of your sword with both hands on the hilt and make a long thrust at the opponent's groin. If he attacks you thus, and you too are standing with your right foot forward, you grab hold of the point of his sword with the left hand and thrust your own point into the opponent's chest. If he uses the same technique against you, you too take hold of his point with your left hand and turn to your right with both swords in scissor lock, i.e. joined crosswise over your shoulders, and then you step forward and pull to you. Of he uses the same technique on you, you turn to the right twice, and you have counter the technique and you get your sword back. Then you trust your point into his face and withdraw from him. </p>
+
<p>Step forward with your right foot and take hold of your sword with both hands on the hilt and make a long thrust at the opponent's groin. If he attacks you thus, and you too are standing with your right foot forward, you grab hold of the point of his sword with the left hand and thrust your own point into the opponent's chest. If he uses the same technique against you, you too take hold of his point with your left hand and turn to your right with both swords in scissor lock, i.e. joined crosswise over your shoulders, and then you step forward and pull to you. Of he uses the same technique on you, you turn to the right twice, and you have counter the technique and you get your sword back. Then you thrust your point into his face and withdraw from him. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 219v.png|1|lbl=219v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 219v.png|1|lbl=219v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 232v.png|German|lbl=232v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 232v.png|German|lbl=232v}}

Revision as of 17:05, 14 January 2019

Paulus Hector Mair

"Mair", Cod.icon. 312b f 64r
Born 1517
Augsburg, Germany
Died 10 Dec 1579 (age 62)
Augsburg, Germany
Occupation
  • Civil servant
  • Historian
Movement
Influences
Genres
Language
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Knight and Hunt, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traduction française
Signature Paulus Hector Mair Sig.png

Paulus Hector Mair (Paulsen Hektor Mair, Paulus Hector Meyer; 1517 – 1579) was a 16th century German aristocrat, civil servant, and fencer. He was born in 1517 to a wealthy and influential Augsburg patrician family. In his youth, he likely received training in fencing and grappling from the masters of Augsburg fencing guild, and early on developed a deep fascination with fencing treatises. He began his civil service as a secretary to the Augsburg City Council; by 1541, Mair was the City Treasurer, and in 1545 he also took on the office of Master of Rations.

Mair's martial background is unknown, but as a citizen of a free city he would have had military obligations whenever the city went to war, and as a member of a patrician family he likely served in the cavalry. He was also an avid collector of fencing treatises and other literature on military history. Like his contemporary Joachim Meÿer, Mair believed that the Medieval martial arts were being forgotten, and he saw this as a tragedy, idealizing the arts of fencing as a civilizing and character-building influence on men. Where Meÿer sought to update the traditional fencing systems and apply them to contemporary weapons of war and defense, Mair was more interested in preserving historical teachings intact. Thus, some time in the latter part of the 1540s he commissioned what would become the most extensive compendium of German fencing treatises ever made, a massive two-volume manuscript compiling virtually every fencing treatise he could access. He retained Jörg Breu the Younger to create the illustrations for the text,[1] and hired two Augsburg fencers to pose for the illustrations.[2] This project was extraordinarily expensive and took at least four years to complete. Ultimately, three copies of this compendium were produced, each more extensive than the last; the first (MSS Dresden C.93/C.94) was written in Early New High German, the second and most artistically ambitious (Cod.icon. 393) in New Latin, and the rougher third version (Cod. 10825/10826) incorporated both languages.

Beginning in the 1540s, Mair began purchasing older fencing manuscripts, some from fellow collector Lienhart Sollinger (a Freifechter who lived in Augsburg for many years) and others from auctions. Perhaps most significant of all of his acquisitions was the partially-completed treatise of Antonius Rast, a Master of the Long Sword and three-time Captain of the Marxbrüder fencing guild. The venerable master left it incomplete when he died in 1549, and Mair ultimately produced a complete fencing manual (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82) based on his notes. Ultimately, he owned over a dozen fencing manuscripts over the course of his life, including the following:

He also used several printed books as source material for his compendia, and presumably owned copies, including Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (compiled by Christian Egenolff), Opera Nova by Achille Marozzo, and Ringer Kunst by Fabian von Auerswald.

Mair not only spent incredible sums of money on his fencing interests, but generally lead a lavish lifestyle and maintained his political influence with expensive parties and other entertainments for the burghers and patricians of Augsburg. This habit of living far beyond his means for decades exhausted his family's wealth, eventually leading him to sell the Latin version of his fencing manuscript (netting the princely sum of 800 florins) and finally to begin embezzling money from the Augsburg city coffers. This embezzlement was not discovered for many years (or perhaps was overlooked due to the favor his parties garnered), until finally in 1579 a disgruntled assistant reported him to the Augsburg City Council and provoked an audit of his books. Mair was arrested, tried, and hanged as a thief at the age of 62. After Mair's death, his effects (including his library) were sold at auction to recoup some of the funds he had embezzled.

Whether viewed as an unwise scholar who paid the ultimate price for his art or an ignoble thief who violated his city's trust, Mair remains one of the most influential figures in the history of Kunst des Fechtens. By completing the fencing manual of Antonius Rast, Mair gave us valuable insight into the Nuremberg fencing tradition; his own works are impressive on both an artistic and practical level, and his extensive commentary on the uncaptioned treatises in his collection serves to make potentially useful training aids out of what would otherwise be mere curiosities. Finally, in purchasing so many important fencing treatises he succeeded in preserving them for future generations; they were purchased by the fabulously wealthy Fugger family after his death and ultimately passed to the Augsburg University Library, where they remain to this day.

Treatise

Much of Mair's content represents his revision and expansion of the older treatises listed above, including adding descriptive content to uncaptioned images. Where available, these images are displayed in the left-most column, labeled "Source Images", for comparison purposes. Mair's own illustrations appear in the second image column, alongside the translation.

The Dresden version contains the fewest devices and artwork most reminiscent of Breu's style, and appears therefore to be the original copy. The Munich adds additional plays and sections on top of the Dresden's contents, and the Vienna likewise augments the Munich, suggesting that this is likely order of creation; conversely, the Dresden has no unique content, and the only unique plays in the Munich are in the section on jousting. To give a visual sense of this evolution of the work, the Dresden illustrations are used wherever possible; the Munich illustrations appear only in those plays that are omitted from the Dresden, and the Vienna in those that are unique to that work.

Temporary Division