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Difference between revisions of "Gérard Thibault d'Anvers/Plates 1-11"
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
! Transcription by <br/>[[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Transcription by <br/>[[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|Contenant<br> | |Contenant<br> | ||
− | Les proportions du corps de l'homme, rapportées à la figure de | + | Les proportions du corps de l'homme, rapportées à la figure de nostre Cercle; & à la iuste longeur de l'Espée. |
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|A discourse on the superiority & perfection of man, declaring that his body is comprised of an exact relationship of Divisions, Weights, & Measurements, having movements that relate to the Circle. | |A discourse on the superiority & perfection of man, declaring that his body is comprised of an exact relationship of Divisions, Weights, & Measurements, having movements that relate to the Circle. | ||
− | | | + | |Discours de l'excellence & perfećtion de l'homme, dećlarant que son corps est exaćtement compassé par Nombres, Poids, & Mesures, ayant des mouvements qui se rapportent à la figure Circulaire |
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And the same goes for the Steps and Approaches, short and long, required by the variety of positions in the performance of these Exercises. From which it is apparent that one must begin with a good knowledge of the proportion of limbs and body parts, that one may at least be able to make some reasonable judgement on the reach of each movement, proportionally to the limb, or limbs, on which the movement depends, and from which it must be continued, ended, turned, returned, released, bound, or changed in a thousand different ways. | And the same goes for the Steps and Approaches, short and long, required by the variety of positions in the performance of these Exercises. From which it is apparent that one must begin with a good knowledge of the proportion of limbs and body parts, that one may at least be able to make some reasonable judgement on the reach of each movement, proportionally to the limb, or limbs, on which the movement depends, and from which it must be continued, ended, turned, returned, released, bound, or changed in a thousand different ways. | ||
− | |L'homme | + | |L'homme est la plus parfaite & la plus excellente de toutes les Creatures du Monde; auquel se trouve, parmy les autres marques de la sagesse divine, une si exquise representation de tout l'Vnivers, en son entier & en ses principales parties, qu'il en a esté appellé à bon droit par les anciens Philosophes Microcosme, c'est à dire, le Petit Monde. Car outre la dignité de l'ame, qui a tant d'avantages par dessus tout ce qui est perissable, son corps contient un abbregé, non seulement de tout ce qu'on voit icy bas en terre, mais encores de ce qui est au Ciel mesme; representent le tout avec une harmonie, si douce, belle, & entiere, & avec une si juste convenance de Nombre, Mesures, & Poids, qui se rapportent si merveilleusement aux vertus des Quatre Elements, & aux influences des Planetes, qu'il ne s'en trouve nulle autre semblable. Le tres-parfait nombre de Dix luy est continuellement representé devant les yeux, en son entier sur ses propres doigts; & derechef en deux moitiez egales sur ses deux mains, à chascune par le nombre de Cinq doigts; qui sont derechef partis inegalement par la poulce, & par le reste en Vn & Quatre, dont l'Vn est composé de Deux articles, & les Quatre de Trois: de façon que ceste structure luy met tousiours en veuë les premiers & plus excellents Nombres 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 10. dont tant d'Illustres Philosophes, comme Pythagoras, & Platon, & tout ceux de leurs Escholes, on fait tant d'estime, qu'ils y ont voulu cacher, & en deduire les plus grands mysteres de leur doćtrine. En outre on voit ausi en la longeur, largeur, & espesseur de ce mesme corps, que les mesures y sont si jusstement observées, que les plus grands Architećts Anciens & Modernes n'ont scue choisir aucune chose au Monde plus propre pour leur servir de regle, selon laquelle ils deussent former les ordonnances de leurs ouvrages, que ce seul patron de l'homme; auquel ils ont remarqué une perpetuelle proportion gardée de Dieu mesme en la fabrique du corps; laquelle ils ont prinse en exemple, pour façonner à l'advenant les Architećtures des Temples, Theatres, Amphitheatres, Palais, Tours, Vaisseaux, & autres Instruments, soit de paix, soit de guerre, non seulement en leur entier, mais ausi en chascune des principales parties, Colomnes, Posteaux, Chapiteaux, Piedesteaux, & autres membres semblables. |
− | + | Ainsi lit on, que le Temple de Salomon, ce grand ornement & miracle de la Republique florissante de Iuifs, a esté compassé selon cest mesme proportion: Et qui plus est, que Dieu mesme auroit commandé au Patriarche Noë, en bastissant l'Arche, d'ensuivre la mesme regle. Car tout ainsi que le corps de l'homme contient 300 minutes en longeur; 50 en largeur; & 30 en espesseur par le milieu de la poitrine: aussi pareillement l'ordonnance de l'Arche a esté faite à 300 coudées de longeur; 50 de largeur; & 30 de hauteur: de sorte qu'en l'un & en l'autre la longeur est six fois autant que la largeur, & dix fois, que la profondeur. Qui est une proportion, donc nous avons tousjours devant nos yeux les nombres, & les pouvons nous demonstrer clairement sur nos doigts, où nous avons coustume d'apprendre les premieres leçons de l'Arithmetique naturelle. | |
− | Car la | + | Car la somme entiere, qui en est 10, estant multipliée par 3, fait 30 pour l'espesseur; & par 5, fait 50 pour la largeur; & multipliée par 10, avec le redouble de 3, fait 300 pour la longeur. Et à ces mesures s'accorde aussi ce que plusieurs graves Auteurs escrivent en touchant la mesme matiere: comme entre autres, que Vitruve a rapporté la stature de l'homme à 6 pieds de mesure Geometrique; le pied à 10 degrez; & chasque degré en 5 minutes; qui font 60 degrez, & 300 minutes, retirants justement aux trois cents coudees de l'Arche. |
− | Combien que je ne veuille pas m' | + | Combien que je ne veuille pas m'arrester si precisement sur l'authorité de Vitruve, à luy donner six pieds Geometriques de longeur; ce m'est assez qu'on la puisse partir en six mesures égales. Pline remarque aussi livre 7. chapitre 17. que ceste stature naturelle de l'homme bien proportionné s'accorde exaćtement à measure de sa propre brassee, depuis le bout des doigts de l'une des mains jusques au bout de l'autre. En somme touts Philosophes ont fait tant d'estime de ceste mesure, & de la proportion de ce corps humain, & l'ont tant recerchée, les uns d'une façon, les autres de l'autre, que Pythagoras a osé nomme l'homme La Mesure de tout. Quant à la proportion des Poids, il ne faut pas douter, qu'elle n'y soit aussi observée avec tout autant d'artifice, que les Nombres, ou les mesures. Ce qui est aisé à cognoistre, par ce qu c'est l'homme seul de touts les animaux qui marche droit; de façon qu'il se tient tousiours en contrepoids & en balance en toutes aćtions, autrement il en seroit à touts moments incommodé. |
− | Car | + | Car sa strućture est telle, que touts ses membres (exceptez le bras) à mesure qu'ils sont plus relevez de la terre, aussi sont ils plus pesants de plus en plus; si que les parties plus legeres & plus foibles soutiennent les autres plus pesantes & plus robustes: qui seroit chose contre Nature & du tout insupportable pour continuer longuement, en tant & en si diverses sortes de mouvements, comme on voit que ce corps humain pratique, s'il n'estoit moderé au regard du Poids en toutes ses parties depuis le sommet de la teste jusqu'aux plantes des pieds, d'un singulier & parfait artifice. La declaration plus ample de ceste matiere appartient aux Anatomistes, qui font profession de declarer les partiularitez de ceste noble strućture: nous qui ne pretendons que d'en exposer seulement ce qui touche l'exercise des Armes, serons contents d'en declarer quelques choses en gros, notamment touchant les proportions exterieures; afin q'il soit par cy apres d'autant plus facile à juger de la nature & portee de chascun des mouvemēts, qui en procedent. Puis donc que les mouvements se font quelques fois avec le tronc entier du corps, quelquesfois & plus souvent avec les bras & les mains, & autres fois avec les jambes & les pieds, nous demonstrerons presentement, que les hommes sont capables d'exploiter leurs movemēts necessaires & utils en plus grand nombre & plus aiseement & plus promptement, que ne font les autres animaux. Dont il faut sçavoir, que c'est ordinaire & proprement l'office des bras & des mains d'executer le commandement de la volonté, en faisant les aćtions que l'utilité ou la necessité demande; & que les jambes & les pieds ne servent communement à autre chose, au'à transporter et à tourner le corps, & à mettre le bras & mains en places, où la Volonté pretend quel execution soit fait: & d'avantage qu'il y a ceste difference, que les bras & les jambes sont specialement propres à faire les grands mouvements, ainsi que les pieds & les mains sont propres aux moindres: & comme les bras sont particulierement capables à executer ce où il faut de la force, ainsi les main le sont d'autrepart pour travailler avec dexterité. Les Pieds, comme pilliers qui sousiennent le corps, sont devers les talons quasi immobiles, mais devers les orteils ils se mouvent assez promptement: de sorte quepar l'inegalité de ceste strućture le corps se peut affermir dessus, au moyen de l'un, comme il se peut d'autrepart remuer & tourner vistement & commodement de touts costez, au moyen de l'autre. En l'un & en l'autre derechef il reçoit un grand soulas par la juste longueur, qui luy fournit un fondement stable & solide quand il s'arreste; & quand it marche, elle aide à le pousser & luy donner sa course. Les Mains se meuvent fort agilement en toutes leurs parties, & contiennent en leur plus large la juste moitié de la largeur du visage, qui est le quart au regard de la poitrine: la longueur en est deuz fois autant: & estant la main fermée, le contour du poing sera le tiers du contour de la poitrine: en sorte qu'elle luy peut naturellement servir d'escusson pour la defendre, en la tenant devant, soit ouverte et estendue, ou bien soit fermée. |
− | + | Cest pour quoy Philo, autheur Iuif, a tres-bien rencontré à dire, qu'au lieu de touts les ornements & defenses naturelles des autres animaux, l'homme a esté doué de la Raison, comme Direćtrice, & de Mains, comme Instruments pour executer ce qu'elle veut: & que la Raison est la Main de l'Entendement; la main de la Raison c'est la Parole; & les Mains corporelles celles qui font l'execution de ce que la Parole commande. Instruments, qui contiennent en eux toute la suffisance des autres, & qui par consequent les egalent en dignité, voire les surmontent. Pour laquelle cause il vient au Monde despourveu de toutes armes, tant offensives que defensives, & n'a que ce seul instrument de la main, au moyen duque il se puisse prevaloir de toutes. Les autres animaux se defendent & offensent leurs contraires, l'un avec les dents, l'autre avec les ongles, les pieds, les cornes; ainsi quil se voit és Elefans, Lions, Ours, Chevaux, Taureaux, Tigres, & autres bestes, à qui la Nature a departiassez chichement une seule espece d'Armes a chascune, pour la necessité de leur defense; mais à l'homme, qui en semble estre du tout privé, en recompense elle l'a doüé d'Entendement pour les cognoistre, d'Esprit pour les forger, & de Mains pour s'en aider de toutes & telles qu'il en puisse estre. mesme afin qu'il s'en peust aider avec plus d'avantage, elle luy a donné par special privilege de pouvoir à mesme instant fleshir les bras en arriere & les pieds en avant, chose imposible aux autres creatures: comme aussi pour la mesme, ou pour semblable cause, la situation naturelle des bras a esté placée en tel endroit, que les operations des mains fussent tousiours sous le gouvernement de la veuë, pour en secourir & assister tand plus aisement le reste des membres en leurs necessitez. Tout ainsi donc que le susdits Artistes, Architećtes, Perspećtivistes, & autres on tasché de prouver les fondements de leurs regles par les proportions du corps de l'homme, ainsi avons nous pareillement tenu la mesme course, mais avec meilleure adresse, & avons trouvé à l'aide de ceste mesme buxole la vraye & proportionelle mesure de touts les Mouvements, de touts les Temps, & Distances, necessaires à observer en nostre Pratique: comme il vous sera demonstré tout à l'instant en la declaration de nostre Cercle; où les mesures & proportions de l'homme sont appliquées à l'homme mesme, & aux movements qu'il fait avec ses propres membres, où ladite proportion se trouve, & sans laquelle il luy est impossible de faire la moindre aćtion du Monde. En pratiquant donc cest Exercice, comme i'ay fait par plusieurs annees, en divers pays, & avec de grands amateurs; dont les uns tiroyent à la Françoise, les autres à l'Italienne, & en somme chascun à sa mode; j'ay veu qu'on s'accoustume par tout à des postures estranges, le corps plié en plusiurs courbures à pieds & jambes disioinćtes hors de proportion naturelle, & en situations du tout repugnantes à la mode ordinaire qu'on tient en cheminant ou en demeurant ferme: de sorte qu'au lieu de faire paroistre par ces mines quelque grand courage, on s'incommode & amoindrit on ses propres forces, plustost que d'en obtenir l'effećt de l'intention pretendue. Ce que considerant de pres, & sachant d'autrepart, que touts les Arts ensuivent la Nature, sans jamais y contrevenir, j'en ay prins occasion de vouloir conduire aussi nostre Exercise à la mesme Eschole de ceste Souveraine Maistresse des bonnes inventions. En quoy j'ay remarqué premierement, que toutes les Mesures & Instances à observer en cest Pratique (qui sont les premiers fondements & l'appuy de toutes le parties suivantes) procedent de la proportion du corps de l'homme, comme aussi sans la mesme cognoissance elles ne sçauroyent estre deuemēt comprinses, non plus que d'estre pratiquées avec asseurance. & qu'aussi le semblabe en est il de Pas & Demarches ordinaires ou extraordinaires, que l'usage de l'Exercise & la varieté des occasions requierent. Par où il appert, qu'il faut entrer si avant en ceste cognoissance de la proportion des membres & parties du corps humain, qu'on puisse à tout le moins faire quelque raisonnable jugement de la portée de chascun mouvement, à proportion du membre ou des membres, d'où il depend, & desquels il doit estre continué, fini, tourné, retourné, lasché, bandé, ou changé en mille & mille manieres. | |
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|The first thing to know is that the philosophers attibuted to the microcosm of the human body various figures, of which we will later discuss the triangle, the quadrangle, and the pentagon. For the moment, we shall say the figures made by the body are also round or circular, in accordance with Hippocrates, Prince of Doctors, who said that the body is a circle. Which can be understood as much in regard to the actions and operations of its interal parts, and their attendent functions, so reciprocal and each following one on the other, so we can find no beginning and no end, as if following the circumference, as it can be also to movements of his limbs which always go around, from the strength of the centre to the weakness of the extreme circumference. Thus, as it is now time to turn to the question of, and to discuss, Range, which is appropriately proportional to stature, position, approaches, and generally all external movements of this same body, I now introduce our Circle, which, as I say, contains all the above-mentioned qualities, and is taken from the correct measurements and proportions of a man. All mathematicians know that the circle or round figure is the simplest, primary, and moreover most perfect, superior, and most useful of all for defense; a figure which has only one point of contact on its surface at only one point at a time: thus such a noble thing as our body cannot help but make use of such a useful figure: to which also can be demonstrated in many ways and principally on the long extension; which is, when standing straight upright, feet joined, and the arms extended directly above, so that the elbows are by the top of the head. For when he holds himself thusly, either upright beside a wall, or extended in the same way on the ground, and we place one branch of a compass on his navel, and the other on his fingernails or at the soles of his feet, and we draw about him a circumference, we create a circle of which the centre will be on the person's navel, the Diameter will be the person's extended height, and the circomference will touch, on one side, the soles of the feet, on the opposite, the tips of the fingers. If one finds it does not fit, the body has not been exactly positioned following the rules of composition. Thus the Circle, which we intend to use throughout this book to perform our exercises, which is proportional to all the movements we shall make, with arms, and legs, and the body as a whole. One could draw still other Circles from man's proportions in many ways (such as putting the Centre on the shameful parts and draw the Circumference at the top of the head and the soles of the feet) but these cannot suffice, nor have the convenient measure we are looking for, because they have no relation to the proportions of the extended arms, which is the principal aspect required for this Training, which is why, together with certain other considerations with respect to the question of using the Circle, we must use the extended length as an exact measure for the Diameter, and not any other. | |The first thing to know is that the philosophers attibuted to the microcosm of the human body various figures, of which we will later discuss the triangle, the quadrangle, and the pentagon. For the moment, we shall say the figures made by the body are also round or circular, in accordance with Hippocrates, Prince of Doctors, who said that the body is a circle. Which can be understood as much in regard to the actions and operations of its interal parts, and their attendent functions, so reciprocal and each following one on the other, so we can find no beginning and no end, as if following the circumference, as it can be also to movements of his limbs which always go around, from the strength of the centre to the weakness of the extreme circumference. Thus, as it is now time to turn to the question of, and to discuss, Range, which is appropriately proportional to stature, position, approaches, and generally all external movements of this same body, I now introduce our Circle, which, as I say, contains all the above-mentioned qualities, and is taken from the correct measurements and proportions of a man. All mathematicians know that the circle or round figure is the simplest, primary, and moreover most perfect, superior, and most useful of all for defense; a figure which has only one point of contact on its surface at only one point at a time: thus such a noble thing as our body cannot help but make use of such a useful figure: to which also can be demonstrated in many ways and principally on the long extension; which is, when standing straight upright, feet joined, and the arms extended directly above, so that the elbows are by the top of the head. For when he holds himself thusly, either upright beside a wall, or extended in the same way on the ground, and we place one branch of a compass on his navel, and the other on his fingernails or at the soles of his feet, and we draw about him a circumference, we create a circle of which the centre will be on the person's navel, the Diameter will be the person's extended height, and the circomference will touch, on one side, the soles of the feet, on the opposite, the tips of the fingers. If one finds it does not fit, the body has not been exactly positioned following the rules of composition. Thus the Circle, which we intend to use throughout this book to perform our exercises, which is proportional to all the movements we shall make, with arms, and legs, and the body as a whole. One could draw still other Circles from man's proportions in many ways (such as putting the Centre on the shameful parts and draw the Circumference at the top of the head and the soles of the feet) but these cannot suffice, nor have the convenient measure we are looking for, because they have no relation to the proportions of the extended arms, which is the principal aspect required for this Training, which is why, together with certain other considerations with respect to the question of using the Circle, we must use the extended length as an exact measure for the Diameter, and not any other. | ||
− | |Il faut donc | + | |Il faut donc sçavoir pour le premier, que les Philosophes attribuent à ce Microcosme du corps humain diverses figures, dont it sera parlé autrement de la triangulaire, quadrangulaire, & pentagone. Presentement nous disons, qu'il est aussi rond ou circulaire en la figure de ses mouvements, à quoy s'accorde le dire d'Hippocras Prince de Medecins, que le corps est un Cercle. Ce qui se peut entendre tant au regard des aćtions & operations naturelles de ses parties interieures, & de leurs alterations subalternes, tellement reciproques & succedantes les unes aux autres, qu'il ne s'y trouve non plus de commencement ne de fin, qu'en la rondeur d'une circonference, aussi se peut il rapporter à la figure de touts ses mouvements locaux, qui va tousiours en rond, s'estendant depuis le centre de sa force jusqu'à l'extreme circonference de sa foiblesse. |
− | Or puis qu'il | + | Or puis qu'il est donc presentement question, de vous faire voir la Mesure, qui soit convenable & proportionée à la stature, situations, demarches, & generalement à touts les mouvements exterieurs de ce mesme corps, voicy la figure de nostre Cercle, que nous disons contenire toutes les susdites qualitez, & estre tiré de la propre mesure & proportions du corps de l'homme. Touts les Mathematiciens sçavent, que la figure circulaire ou ronde est la plus simple, la permiere, voire aussi la plus parfaite, la plus excellente, & la plus capable de toutes pour la defense; comme celle qui ne se laisse toucher en la surface, qu'en un seul point à la fois: dont une figure si accomplie ne devoit pas manquer à un corps si noble: auquel aussi elle peut estre demonstrée in diverses manieres; & principalement sur la longeur estenue; cest à dir quant il se tient droit sur ses jambes, à pieds joinćts, & les bras éstendus droitement en haut, tellement que les coudes luy egalent le sommet de la teste. Car lors qu'il se tient en telle situation, soit debout contre un mur, soit estendu en la mesme sorte par terre, & qu'on luy mette l'une des branches d'un grand compas sur le nombril, & l'autre sur les orteils ou contre la plante des pieds, & qu'on en tire en rond une circonference, il en sourdra un Cercle; dont le Centre sera sur le nombril de la personne, le Diametre en sera comme la hauteru estendue, & la Circonference en touchera d'un costé la plante des pieds, & à l'opposite les bouts des ses doights. Si on y trouve de la faute, le corps n'a pas esté exaćtement proportionné suivant les regles de sa composition. Or voilà maintenant le Cercle, duquel nous pretendons user en tout ce Livre pour l'adresse de nostre Exercice: lequel, d'autant qu'il est proportionné à touts le mouuements qu'il sçauroit faire, avec bras & jambes, & avec tout le corps entier, ou avec chascune de ses parties. On pourroit tirer encor d'autres Cercles de ceste proportion de l'homme en diverses manieres (comme en mettant le Centre sur les parties honteuses, & la Circonference au sommet de la teste & à la plante des pieds.) mais iceux ne peuvent avoir la mesme suffisance, ne la convenance des mesures que nous cherchons presentment; à raison qu'ils n'ont pas de proportions avec les bras estendus, auxquels il appartient en cest Exercice d'executer la principale partie de la besoigne: pour laquelle cause, ensemble aussi pour quelques autres considerations, s'il est question de se servir icy de Cercle, il n'y faut advouer autre mesure de Diametre, que celle qui s'accorde exaćtement avec ceste longeur estendue. |
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|Having shown the dimensions of the Diameter, Centre, and Circumference, it now follows that we describe the rest; to find the proportions on which the circle depends: and to this end, must, of necessity, enscribe the entire Circle on a smooth floor, in its appropriate size, using as the measure of the diameter, the extended length of the person who shall do the moves. This is how to proceed. | |Having shown the dimensions of the Diameter, Centre, and Circumference, it now follows that we describe the rest; to find the proportions on which the circle depends: and to this end, must, of necessity, enscribe the entire Circle on a smooth floor, in its appropriate size, using as the measure of the diameter, the extended length of the person who shall do the moves. This is how to proceed. | ||
− | |Ayant | + | |Ayant monstré la dimension du Diametre, le Centre, & la Circonference, il s'ensuit maintenant que nous declarions aussi le reste; pour venir apres aux proportions qui en dependent: & à ceste fin, faut necessairement descrire le Cercle entier sur un plan bien uni en sa juste & convenable grandeur, en prenant la mesure du diametre sur la longeur estendue d'une personne, au corps de laquelle on voudra faire les preuves. Or voicy comme il y faudra proceder. |
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|Choose an appropriate place, with a flat, solid floor, on which you shall first mark the ''Centre'' point with chalk, in the location most suitable for training. | |Choose an appropriate place, with a flat, solid floor, on which you shall first mark the ''Centre'' point with chalk, in the location most suitable for training. | ||
− | | | + | |Choisissiz un lieu propre, ou il y ait un plancher bien uni, sur lequel vous marquerez pour le premier avec de la croye le poinćt du ''Centre'', en tel endroit qui vous semblera plus commode. |
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|This done, take a sword of one half-diameter length, so that when the tip is placed upon the ground between the person's two feet, the crosspiece of the hilt will come just to the height of the navel, and place one of the ends of the crosspiece on the centre point; and use the tip to draw the circle by holding a piece of chalk in your fingers, thus describing the ''Circumference''. | |This done, take a sword of one half-diameter length, so that when the tip is placed upon the ground between the person's two feet, the crosspiece of the hilt will come just to the height of the navel, and place one of the ends of the crosspiece on the centre point; and use the tip to draw the circle by holding a piece of chalk in your fingers, thus describing the ''Circumference''. | ||
− | |Cela fait, prenez une | + | |Cela fait, prenez une espee de la longeur du demi-diametre, telle que la poinćt estant mise en terre entre les deux pieds de la personne, les branches de la garde luy viennent justement à la hauteur du nombril: & en mettez l'une des branches sur le poinćt du centre; & laissez mener la poinćte à un second avec un morceau de croye entre les doigts en rond, desrivant ainsi la ''Circonference''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|This being drawn, take a chalked carpenter's cord, and snap the ''Diameter'' according to the most suitable use of the space, extending both ends two feet (60 cm) beyond the circumference: and label these two crossing-points of the Circumference; the one below the centre with a C, and the other, opposite, with an X. | |This being drawn, take a chalked carpenter's cord, and snap the ''Diameter'' according to the most suitable use of the space, extending both ends two feet (60 cm) beyond the circumference: and label these two crossing-points of the Circumference; the one below the centre with a C, and the other, opposite, with an X. | ||
− | |Laquelle | + | |Laquelle estant tracée, prenez une cordelle à la mode des charpentiers, que vous frotterez avec de la croye, & en couchez le ''Diametre'' selon la commodité de la place, le prologneant à toutes ses deux extremitez de la longeur de deux pieds outre la circonference: & marquerez les deux coupures de la Circonference; celle qui est par decà le Centre, d'un C, & L'autre, à l'opposite, d'un X. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Next, through the Centre, draw a perpendicular line across, which shall be the ''Perpendicular Diameter'', each of the two ends likewise passing two feet beyond the circumference: and also label both of these crossing-points of the Circumference with an N. | |Next, through the Centre, draw a perpendicular line across, which shall be the ''Perpendicular Diameter'', each of the two ends likewise passing two feet beyond the circumference: and also label both of these crossing-points of the Circumference with an N. | ||
− | |Menez apres en la | + | |Menez apres en la mesme sorte par le Centre une ligne coisiere & perpenduculaire, qui sera le ''Diametre perpendiculaire'', outrepassant pareillement de ses deux bouts la Circonference à deux pieds de longeur: & marquez encor semblablement les deux coupures de la Circonference, chascune d'un N. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|To find this Perpendicular Diameter, first put the tip of the sword on the letter C and one of the arms of the crosspiece along the circumference. | |To find this Perpendicular Diameter, first put the tip of the sword on the letter C and one of the arms of the crosspiece along the circumference. | ||
− | |Pour trouver ce Diametre perpendiculaire, mettez premierement la poinćte de l' | + | |Pour trouver ce Diametre perpendiculaire, mettez premierement la poinćte de l'espee sur la lettre C. & l'une des branches de la croisee sur la Circonference, |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Using the crosspiece as a pivot, move the tip 180 degrees away from C and, again using the tip, draw an arc outside the circle. | |Using the crosspiece as a pivot, move the tip 180 degrees away from C and, again using the tip, draw an arc outside the circle. | ||
− | |menant derechef la poinćte circulairement en avant, & en | + | |menant derechef la poinćte circulairement en avant, & en descrivant sur le seuil au dehors de la circonference un arc, respondant en droite ligne à la lettre C par le poinćte de l'attouchement de la branche. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Do the same, starting from the letter X, so the two arcs cross each other. | |Do the same, starting from the letter X, so the two arcs cross each other. | ||
− | |Ce qu'il faudra faire | + | |Ce qu'il faudra faire aussi pareillement en commenent par la lettre X, dont le susdit arc sera coupé en croisade d'un autre semblable. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|This cross will act as a guide for drawing the perpendicular diameter, by taking the cord from there and through the centre beyond the circumference to the opposite side. | |This cross will act as a guide for drawing the perpendicular diameter, by taking the cord from there and through the centre beyond the circumference to the opposite side. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste croix vous servira de guide à tirer le Diametre perpendiculaire, en menant la cordelled par icelle & par le centre outre la circonference do costé opposite. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Once again, place one end of the crosspiece on each of the four letters C, N, X, & N in turn, and, with the tip, draw arcs just outside the circumference between the four letters, thus marking four crossing-points, which will be the guide-points for the two ''Oblique Diameters''. | |Once again, place one end of the crosspiece on each of the four letters C, N, X, & N in turn, and, with the tip, draw arcs just outside the circumference between the four letters, thus marking four crossing-points, which will be the guide-points for the two ''Oblique Diameters''. | ||
− | |Mettez apres derechef la croix de l' | + | |Mettez apres derechef la croix de l'espee avec l'une des branches sur chascune de ces quatre lettres C.N.X.N. & en faites tirer avec la poinćte dehors le Cercle à chascune deux arcs, respondants l'un à l'autre en droite ligne par lesdits lettres: dont il fourdra quatre croisades, qui donneront l'adresse pour couche les deux ''Diametres obliques''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Again, in the same way, place the crosspieces on the ends of the Oblique Diameters, mark outside the circle where the tip crosses the extensions both the Principal and Perpendicular Diameters. These marks define the terminals of the lines beyond the circle, the ends of which are labelled with letters; the one below C with A; the one opposite with Z; the two others with O. | |Again, in the same way, place the crosspieces on the ends of the Oblique Diameters, mark outside the circle where the tip crosses the extensions both the Principal and Perpendicular Diameters. These marks define the terminals of the lines beyond the circle, the ends of which are labelled with letters; the one below C with A; the one opposite with Z; the two others with O. | ||
− | |Tirez lors derechef en la | + | |Tirez lors derechef en la mesme sorte des arc dehors le Cercle sur les quatre bouts de ces deux Diametres obliques, deux & deux pour chascun poinćt, allants par les ''Diametres prolongez'' principal & perpendiculaire. Ces arcs seront les bornes des parties adjoinćtes, dont les extremitez seront marquées de lettres; celle qui est dessous le C, d'un A; & à l'opposite d'un Z; les deux aures chascune d'un O. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|From these four points, we draw the ''Outside Square'', drawing lines from A to O on the right & left sides and likewise from Z to O. | |From these four points, we draw the ''Outside Square'', drawing lines from A to O on the right & left sides and likewise from Z to O. | ||
− | |Sur ces quatre poinćts | + | |Sur ces quatre poinćts sera tiré le ''Quarré circonsrit'', en menant une ligne de l'A jusques à l'O à droite, & une autre pareillement à gauche; puis semblablement deux autres, l'une à droite, & l'autre à gauche depuis le Z jusqu'au deux O. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Using the points C, N, X, & N, you will draw the ''Inside Square'', as well as the four ''Quadrangles''; draw the line on the right hand side through C and N from one edge of the Outside Square to the other and another to the left side. Label the mid-points, where these lines cross the Oblique Diameters with a G. Next draw two more similar lines through the points X & N on the left & right sides and label the mid-point of each of these lines with an S. | |Using the points C, N, X, & N, you will draw the ''Inside Square'', as well as the four ''Quadrangles''; draw the line on the right hand side through C and N from one edge of the Outside Square to the other and another to the left side. Label the mid-points, where these lines cross the Oblique Diameters with a G. Next draw two more similar lines through the points X & N on the left & right sides and label the mid-point of each of these lines with an S. | ||
− | |Ce fait par les quatre poinćts C. N. X. N. vous | + | |Ce fait par les quatre poinćts C. N. X. N. vous descrirez le ''Quarre Inscrit'', ensemble avec les quatre ''Quadrangles''; en menant une ligne à main droite par le C & par l'N, sur les costez opposites du Quarré circonscrit; puis encor une autre pareille à main gauche; & puis deux autres par les lettres X & N, l'une à droite, & l'autre à gauche, lesquelles lignes faudra marquer sur les poinćts du mitan, qui sont coupez par les Diametres obliques, entre les deux lettres C. & N. à chascun des costez dessous le Centre d'un G; & dessus au mitan des lettres N. & X. à chascun des costez d'un S. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Then draw two ''Interior Transverses'' on the right hand side above the Centre from the letter N across the Diameter line through S and below the centre across the Diameter through G. | |Then draw two ''Interior Transverses'' on the right hand side above the Centre from the letter N across the Diameter line through S and below the centre across the Diameter through G. | ||
− | |Apres deux '' | + | |Apres deux ''Traversantes Interieures'' par la lettre N. à main droite; l'une par dessus le Centre par l'S; & l'autre au dessous par le G opposite. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Likewise draw two more in the same way through the same letters from the opposite side. | |Likewise draw two more in the same way through the same letters from the opposite side. | ||
− | |Semblablement encor deux autres, à tirer en la | + | |Semblablement encor deux autres, à tirer en la mesme sorte & par les mesmes lettres du costé opposite. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|This done, label the four sides of the Outside Square in the following manner. First the side A-O on the right hand side. From A, label the first angle of the quadrangle with B; label the end of the Interior Collateral that passes through G below the oblique diameter, with D; label the end of Interior Traverse that passes through the same point G, with F; label the angle of the quadrangle at O-N, with K. | |This done, label the four sides of the Outside Square in the following manner. First the side A-O on the right hand side. From A, label the first angle of the quadrangle with B; label the end of the Interior Collateral that passes through G below the oblique diameter, with D; label the end of Interior Traverse that passes through the same point G, with F; label the angle of the quadrangle at O-N, with K. | ||
− | |Ce qu' | + | |Ce qu'estant fait, il faudra marquer de lettres les quatre costez du quarré circonscrit, en la maniere suivante. Premierement le costé A O à main droite de la figure. Sur l'angle du Quadrangle soit escrit un B: sur la fin de la collaterale interieure qui vient par le G en deçà le Diametre oblique, un D: sur le bout de la traversante interieure, qui passe à travers le mesme poinćte, un F: & sur l'angle du prochain quadrangle, un K. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|After that, on the two other sides O-Z, begin again on the right side; label the angle of the quadrangle O-N with P; label the end of the Interior Transverse through S that ends before the Oblique Diameter, with T; label the end of the Interior Collateral through S that ends just beyond that, with W; label the angle of the Quadrangle Z-X, with a Y. Then do likewise on the left hand side. | |After that, on the two other sides O-Z, begin again on the right side; label the angle of the quadrangle O-N with P; label the end of the Interior Transverse through S that ends before the Oblique Diameter, with T; label the end of the Interior Collateral through S that ends just beyond that, with W; label the angle of the Quadrangle Z-X, with a Y. Then do likewise on the left hand side. | ||
− | |Les | + | |Les mesmes lettres seront aussi marquées A O, à main gauche. |
Label the same letters along the line A-O on the left hand side. | Label the same letters along the line A-O on the left hand side. | ||
− | En apres | + | En apres sur les deux autres costez O Z, commencez derechef à droite; & mettez sur l'angle du Quadrangle O N, un P: sur le bout de la traversante, qui se finit en deçà le Diametre oblique, un T: sur la collaterale, qui finit au delà, W: sur l'angle du dernier Quadrangle, un Y. Et en soit fait paraillement le mesme à l'autre costé, qui est à main gauche. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|After this, trace two ''Exterior Transverse'' lines, one on the right hand side, the other on the left, from D, across the Principal Diameter, through G opposite. | |After this, trace two ''Exterior Transverse'' lines, one on the right hand side, the other on the left, from D, across the Principal Diameter, through G opposite. | ||
− | |Apres il faudra tracer deux '' | + | |Apres il faudra tracer deux ''Traversantes exterieures'', l'une à main droite, & l'autre à gauche, allants depuis les D, par le Diametre principal, & par les G opposites. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Likewise draw two more in the upper half of the circle from W, across the centre, through S opposite. | |Likewise draw two more in the upper half of the circle from W, across the centre, through S opposite. | ||
− | |En | + | |En semblable encor deux autres en la partie superieure du Cercle, depuis les W. par le Diametre, & par les S opposites. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Similarly on the right side of the Circle, draw two ''Exterior Collaterals'' one from the side A-O, through G, to T; & the other from F through S, out to the side O-Z. | |Similarly on the right side of the Circle, draw two ''Exterior Collaterals'' one from the side A-O, through G, to T; & the other from F through S, out to the side O-Z. | ||
− | |Pareillement | + | |Pareillement aussi en la partie droite du Cercle deux ''Collaterales exterieures'', à mener, l'une du costé droit A O, par le G, jusques au T: & l'autre à tirer de l'F, & à continuer par l'S, jusques au costé droit de la partie superieure du Quarré circonscrit. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Likewise also, draw two others on the left side of the figure in the same way. | |Likewise also, draw two others on the left side of the figure in the same way. | ||
− | |Semblablement encor deux autres en la partie gauche de la figure, à tracer en la | + | |Semblablement encor deux autres en la partie gauche de la figure, à tracer en la mesme sorte. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Thus we have drawn all the lines within the Circumferance. Label each double-cut (except the Centre), with the following letters. Along the Principal Diameter label the first cross-cut line above C with E; label the second with H; label the third, beyond the centre, with R; label the fourth with V. There are, likewise, four sections along the Perpendicular Diameter; the two closest to the centre labelled L, & the two others each labelled M. Where the Interior Collateral lines cross the oblique diagonals and the Interior Transverse line, label the lower ones (near H) with I and the upper ones (near R) with Q. | |Thus we have drawn all the lines within the Circumferance. Label each double-cut (except the Centre), with the following letters. Along the Principal Diameter label the first cross-cut line above C with E; label the second with H; label the third, beyond the centre, with R; label the fourth with V. There are, likewise, four sections along the Perpendicular Diameter; the two closest to the centre labelled L, & the two others each labelled M. Where the Interior Collateral lines cross the oblique diagonals and the Interior Transverse line, label the lower ones (near H) with I and the upper ones (near R) with Q. | ||
− | |Et par | + | |Et par ainsi voilà achevées toutes les lignes, qui entrent dans le pourpris de la Circonference, sur lesquelles il faudra mettre à chasque double entrecoupure de lignes (excepté le Centre) les lettres suivantes. Premierement sur le Diametre principal, à la permiere entrecoupure apres le C, il faut un E: à la seconde, un H: à la troisieme, qui est par delà le Centre, un R: & finalement à la quatrieme, un V. Sur le Diametre perpendiculaire y a pareillement quatre sećtions; dont les deux plus proches du Centre porteront, chascune un L: & les deux autres, chascune un M. Aux doubles entrecoupures de chascune des collaterales interieures par deça le Centre, mettez à chasune un I. & aux autres qui sont par delà, un Q. à chascune. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|As to the lines outside the Circumference, first draw in each of the Quadrangles its ''Diagonal'', across the Extended Diameters, from B to B, from Y to Y, and from K to P. | |As to the lines outside the Circumference, first draw in each of the Quadrangles its ''Diagonal'', across the Extended Diameters, from B to B, from Y to Y, and from K to P. | ||
− | |Quant aux lignes qui demeurent hors de la Circonference, tirez premierement à | + | |Quant aux lignes qui demeurent hors de la Circonference, tirez premierement à chascun des Quadrangles sa ''Diagonale'', à travers les Diametres prolongez, de B à B: de Y à Y: & de K à P, dans les deux Quadrangles opposites de main droite & gauche. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Second, draw a Foot-Line or ''Pedal Line'' across these same Quadrangles between the end-points of the Collateral lines and between the end-points of the Transverse lines. | |Second, draw a Foot-Line or ''Pedal Line'' across these same Quadrangles between the end-points of the Collateral lines and between the end-points of the Transverse lines. | ||
− | |Secondement tirez dans ces | + | |Secondement tirez dans ces mesmes Quadrangles, du bout de l'une des lignes collaterales au bout de l'autre, à chascun une ligne de pied, ou ligne ''Pedale''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|And finally, add the lines we shall call the length & width of the Square Extension. | |And finally, add the lines we shall call the length & width of the Square Extension. | ||
− | |Et finalement | + | |Et finalement adjoustez y celles que nous apellerons les ''longeur & largeur des Esquierres''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|First, to fit the lengths, pass the cord through the centres of two nearest Quadrangles; trace a line from the end of the Foot-Line to where the cord crosses the circumference; likewise trace a line opposite from the circumference to the end of the other Pedal Line. Do this all around the Circumference. | |First, to fit the lengths, pass the cord through the centres of two nearest Quadrangles; trace a line from the end of the Foot-Line to where the cord crosses the circumference; likewise trace a line opposite from the circumference to the end of the other Pedal Line. Do this all around the Circumference. | ||
− | |Pour adjuster permierement les longeurs; compassez | + | |Pour adjuster permierement les longeurs; compassez vostre cordelle par les centres de deux prochains Quadrangles; & tracez en ceste sorte une ligne de longueur depuis le bout de la ligne de Pied jusques à la circonference du Cercle; & en semblable tracez en encore une autre à depuis la circonference jusques au bout de l'autre ligne Pedale. & voilà comme il en faudra faire tout alentour de la Circonference. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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− | |Pour | + | |Pour adjuster les Largeurs des Esquierres, (ce sont les lignes qui demeurent au dehors aux costez des Quadrangles) compassez vostre cordelle sur les bouts d'une Collaterale & d'une Traversante exterieure, assavoir sur les bouts qui ne sont point marquez de lettres, & tracez en ceste sorte deux lignes de largeur, l'une deçà & l'autre delà, en la mesme façon que vous venez de faire le Longueurs, en allant derechef tout à l'entour de la Circonference. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|This, in sum, is the way to lay out this plan for our Training, simple & easy, but in any case most useful if it is drawn very carefully. Meanwhile I would advise, if you do not have a sword of the correct length of a radius with which to draw the circumference, and subsequently the arcs for the cross-points to position the Diameters and the Outside Square, that in that case you can use the cord, pinning it to the Centre, to draw the Circonference & the rest. However, nothing is as sure as the sword itself, with its solid blade that will not stretch and will remain the same length. Otherwise faults could be introduced. | |This, in sum, is the way to lay out this plan for our Training, simple & easy, but in any case most useful if it is drawn very carefully. Meanwhile I would advise, if you do not have a sword of the correct length of a radius with which to draw the circumference, and subsequently the arcs for the cross-points to position the Diameters and the Outside Square, that in that case you can use the cord, pinning it to the Centre, to draw the Circonference & the rest. However, nothing is as sure as the sword itself, with its solid blade that will not stretch and will remain the same length. Otherwise faults could be introduced. | ||
− | |Voilà en | + | |Voilà en somme la mode d'accommoder le Plan de cestuy nostre Exercice, simple & facile, mais par adventure plus utile que si elle sust dressée fort curieusement. Cependent je vous avise, si c'est que vous n'ayaez point d'espee de ceste juste longeur du demi-Diametre pour en tirer la Circonference, & consequemment les croisades des arcs pour l’adresse des Diametres, & du Quarré circonscrit; qu'en ce cas vous vous serviez de la cordelle, l'attachant en poinçon fiché sur le poinćt du Centre, pour en tirer en rond ladite Circonference, & le reste à l'advenenant: toutesfois il n'est rien plus seur que l'espee mesme, qui demeure jousiours immobile en une mesme longueur, par la solidité de la lame: de sorte que malaisement y peut il avenir de la faute. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Now, to clarify this material, here follows a catalogue of the names of the lines, so that the reader may have a reference to the Plate of all the lines and figures of this Circle which are needed for practical use. | |Now, to clarify this material, here follows a catalogue of the names of the lines, so that the reader may have a reference to the Plate of all the lines and figures of this Circle which are needed for practical use. | ||
− | |Maintenant afin que | + | |Maintenant afin que ceste Matiere soit un peu esclaircie, & que le Lećteur puisse avoir devant ses yeux une Table de toutes les lignes & figures de ce Cercle, qui sont necessaires à observer en l’usage de la Pratique, nos en metrons icy le Catalogue. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant: small-caps" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant: small-caps" | ||
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|The whole figure is called the Circle : because the circle forms the base on which all the other parts depend and remains the principal subject, the foundation of all the rest with regard to the Training, as they appear hereafter, as to the proportions and measures of Man. | |The whole figure is called the Circle : because the circle forms the base on which all the other parts depend and remains the principal subject, the foundation of all the rest with regard to the Training, as they appear hereafter, as to the proportions and measures of Man. | ||
− | |La figure entiere | + | |La figure entiere sera appellée ''Cercle'': pource que c'est du Cercle qu'elle depend en son entier & en toutes ses parties; iceluy Cercle en demeurant le sujet principal, voire le fondement de tout le reste, tant au regard de l'Exercice, comme il paroistra cy apres, qu'au regard des proportions & des mesures du corps de l'homme. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|''Centre'' is the point in the middle of the Circle. | |''Centre'' is the point in the middle of the Circle. | ||
− | |''Centre'' c' | + | |''Centre'' c'est le point du milieu du Cercle. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|''Circumference'' is the round line that forms the Circle. | |''Circumference'' is the round line that forms the Circle. | ||
− | |''Circonference'' c' | + | |''Circonference'' c'est la ligne rond qui fait le Cercle. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|C-X is the ''Diameter''. In truth, there are four Diameters found in this figure; However to avoid confusion, it is necessary to distinguish between them. This is why I have left the general term Diameter to this which is the principal one in the Training: such that I even refer to the parts beyond the circumference as the Diameter, from the letter A to Z. | |C-X is the ''Diameter''. In truth, there are four Diameters found in this figure; However to avoid confusion, it is necessary to distinguish between them. This is why I have left the general term Diameter to this which is the principal one in the Training: such that I even refer to the parts beyond the circumference as the Diameter, from the letter A to Z. | ||
− | |C X. | + | |C X. Est le ''Diametre''. Il est vray, qu'il se trouve quatre Diametres en cest figure; toutes fois pour eviter confusion, il est necessaire qu'ils soyent distinguez. C'est pourquoy nous avons laissé le nom general de Diametre, à cestuy-cy qui est le principal en l'Exercise: de sorte que nous l'appellons mesme Diametre en ses parties adjoustées au dehors de la circonference, depuis la lettre A, jusques au Z. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|O-O or N-N is the ''Perpendicular Diameter''. | |O-O or N-N is the ''Perpendicular Diameter''. | ||
− | |OO ou NN. | + | |OO ou NN. Est le ''Diametre perpendiculaire''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|G-T or S-F. ''Exterior Collateral''. These last two lines go two by two from one side to the other, without actually being parallel, but which I found best to call Collaterals. | |G-T or S-F. ''Exterior Collateral''. These last two lines go two by two from one side to the other, without actually being parallel, but which I found best to call Collaterals. | ||
− | |GT ou SF. ''Collaterale exterieure''. Ces deux dernieres lignes vont deux & deux l'une à | + | |GT ou SF. ''Collaterale exterieure''. Ces deux dernieres lignes vont deux & deux l'une à costé l'autre, sans toutefous qu'elles soyent paralleles, dont nous avons trouvé bon de les nommer Collaterales. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|N-T or N-F. ''Interior Transverses''. | |N-T or N-F. ''Interior Transverses''. | ||
− | |NT ou NF. '' | + | |NT ou NF. ''Traversante interieure''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|W-S or D-G. ''Exterior Transverses''. These last line also go two by two from one side to the other, in the same way as the preceeding ones, called Collaterals. However because they are different and cross the Principal Diameter (the others remain on each side) I wished to distinguish from the Collateral lines by calling them Transverses. | |W-S or D-G. ''Exterior Transverses''. These last line also go two by two from one side to the other, in the same way as the preceeding ones, called Collaterals. However because they are different and cross the Principal Diameter (the others remain on each side) I wished to distinguish from the Collateral lines by calling them Transverses. | ||
− | |WS ou DG. '' | + | |WS ou DG. ''Traversante exterieure''. Ces derniers lignes vont aussi deux & deux l'une à costé l'autre, en la mesme sorte que les precedentes, appellées collaterales: toutesfois pource qu'elles en different, en ce qu'elles vont à travers le Diametre principal (les autres demeurants à costé) nous les avons voulu discerner d'avec lesdites Collaterales, par le Nom de Traversantes. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|A-O-Z-O is the ''Outside Square''. | |A-O-Z-O is the ''Outside Square''. | ||
− | |AOZO. | + | |AOZO. Est le ''Quarré circonscrit''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|A-O. ''Side of the Outside Square''. | |A-O. ''Side of the Outside Square''. | ||
− | |AO. '' | + | |AO. ''Costé du Quarré circonscrit''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|C-N-X-N. The ''Inside Square''. | |C-N-X-N. The ''Inside Square''. | ||
− | |CNXN. Le ''Quarré | + | |CNXN. Le ''Quarré inscrit''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|C-N. ''Side of the Inside Square''. | |C-N. ''Side of the Inside Square''. | ||
− | |CN. '' | + | |CN. ''Costé du Quarré inscrit''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|A-B-C-B. ''Quadrangle''. So that the name ‘Square’ is not overused and would consequently lead to confusion by the reader, we have found it best to refer to these small Squares as Quadrangles. | |A-B-C-B. ''Quadrangle''. So that the name ‘Square’ is not overused and would consequently lead to confusion by the reader, we have found it best to refer to these small Squares as Quadrangles. | ||
− | |ABCB. ''Quadrangle''. Afin que ce nom de Quarré ne | + | |ABCB. ''Quadrangle''. Afin que ce nom de Quarré ne suist trop frequent, & consequemment, sujet à troubler la consideration du Lećteur, nous avons trouvé bon, de nommer ces petits Quarrez, Quadrangles. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|The little line that goes between the aforesaid Diagonal & the exterior angle across the Extended Diameter, shall be called the ''Foot-Line'' or ''Pedal Line'', because it is exactly the length of the foot. | |The little line that goes between the aforesaid Diagonal & the exterior angle across the Extended Diameter, shall be called the ''Foot-Line'' or ''Pedal Line'', because it is exactly the length of the foot. | ||
− | | | + | |Cest petite ligne qui va entre ladite Diagonale & l'angle exterieur, croisant le Diametre prolongé, sera nommée ''ligne du Pied'', ou ''ligne Pedale'', pour ce qu'elle egale justement la longueur de la plante. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|The figures which take up three-quarters of the Quadrangles and which extend in a parallelgram along the each of the edges of outside square to the meet the circumference are called the ''Square Extension'', and consequently the line, drawn from the end of the Foot-Line through the centre of the Quadrangle to the edge of the Circumference is called the ''Length of the Square Extension'': the other running from the circumference to the edge of the Outside Square is called the ''Width of the Square Extension''. | |The figures which take up three-quarters of the Quadrangles and which extend in a parallelgram along the each of the edges of outside square to the meet the circumference are called the ''Square Extension'', and consequently the line, drawn from the end of the Foot-Line through the centre of the Quadrangle to the edge of the Circumference is called the ''Length of the Square Extension'': the other running from the circumference to the edge of the Outside Square is called the ''Width of the Square Extension''. | ||
− | |La figure qui comprend au dedans de | + | |La figure qui comprend au dedans de chascun des Quadrangles les trois quarts, avec deux egaux parallelogrammes au dehors, l'un à l'un des costez, & l'autre à l'autre, allants jusques à la circonference, sera nommée ''l'Esquierre'', & consequemment la ligne, tirée depuis le bout de la ligne Pedale par le centre & le costé du Quadrangle jusques à la circonference du Cercle, sera dite la ''longeur de l'Esquierre'': l'autre allant depuis le costé du Quarré circonscrit jusques à la mesme circonference la ''largeur de l'Esquierre''. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|These are the names of all the lines which we will use in practice: of course those lines not expressly specified in this list by their letters will have the same names as the opposite and similar lines or figures. Also note that the names are for the entire line, from one end to the other, we have referred to letters not for measurement, but only to show where they go. | |These are the names of all the lines which we will use in practice: of course those lines not expressly specified in this list by their letters will have the same names as the opposite and similar lines or figures. Also note that the names are for the entire line, from one end to the other, we have referred to letters not for measurement, but only to show where they go. | ||
− | |Voilà les noms de toutes les lignes, qui ont de l' | + | |Voilà les noms de toutes les lignes, qui ont de l'usage en la Pratique: bien entendu que celles qui se sont pas expressement specifiées en ce denombrement par leurs lettres, auront les mesmes appellations que les lignes ou figures opposites, & semblables. Et faut sçavoir, que lesdites appellations leur sont attribuées en leur entier, depuis l'un bout jusqu'à l'autre; car nous ne mettons pas les lettres pour mesurer, mais seulement pour montrer les lignes. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Representation and relation of the proportions of the body & limbs of Man to the figure of our circle. | |Representation and relation of the proportions of the body & limbs of Man to the figure of our circle. | ||
− | | | + | |Representant & rapportant les proportions du Corps & des Membres exterieurs de l’Homme à la figure de nostre cercle. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|We begin now to measure the proportions of Man, and relate them to this circle where they will be perchance be perceived with far more appreciation than we had above, when the proportions were found by chance. The reason for such admiration is that lines drawn between angles opposite to each other, themselves derived from no other reference than just the length of the Radius, accord so exactly with so many proportions of the body, as presented in this Circle No 1. It is not merely observation and practice that demonstrates this truth is as amazing as it is useful. It shall be made manifest to all those, who would take pains to examine the demonstrations which shall be proposed following this same explanation. Into which we shall enter through the description of Circle No 1, which represents all the proportions of Man, from the front, and therein is the significance which follows. | |We begin now to measure the proportions of Man, and relate them to this circle where they will be perchance be perceived with far more appreciation than we had above, when the proportions were found by chance. The reason for such admiration is that lines drawn between angles opposite to each other, themselves derived from no other reference than just the length of the Radius, accord so exactly with so many proportions of the body, as presented in this Circle No 1. It is not merely observation and practice that demonstrates this truth is as amazing as it is useful. It shall be made manifest to all those, who would take pains to examine the demonstrations which shall be proposed following this same explanation. Into which we shall enter through the description of Circle No 1, which represents all the proportions of Man, from the front, and therein is the significance which follows. | ||
− | |Nous commencerons maintenant à | + | |Nous commencerons maintenant à mesurer les proportions de l’Homme, en les rapportant à la figure de ce Cercle, où elles seront recogneuës paradventure avec plus d’admiration qu’elles ont esté trouvées dessus avec hazard. Car quelle raison, que les lignes d’une figure tirées des angles opposites les uns aux autres (sans nulle adresse, que de la seule longeur de demi-Diametre) se puissent accorder si justement avec tant de proportions, comme il est representé sur ce Cercle N.1. sinon la seule observation & l’experience, qui en demonstre la verité aussi admirable, que l’utilité en est grande; comme il sera manifeste à touts ceux, qui voudront prendre la peine d’en examiner les demonstrations, qui seront proposées à la suite de ceste mesme explication. A laquelle nous ferons l’entrée par la declaration du Cercle N.1. representent les proportions de l’homme, à le regarder de front; & en est la signification telle qu’il s’ensuit |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|C-X: The entire Diameter is equal the the extended height of the hand raised directly overhead. | |C-X: The entire Diameter is equal the the extended height of the hand raised directly overhead. | ||
− | |CX. Le Diametre entier | + | |CX. Le Diametre entier est egal à sa hauteur estendue, en eslevant les bras droitement en haut. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|V: From C to V, is exactly the length of a person, from the soles of the feet to the top of the head. | |V: From C to V, is exactly the length of a person, from the soles of the feet to the top of the head. | ||
− | |V. Depuis le C. | + | |V. Depuis le C. jusques à l’V, c’est justement la longeur de la personne, depuis les plantes des pieds jusqu’au plus haut de la teste. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|A: This first dotted line, labelled with a small-A, shows the height of the forehead. | |A: This first dotted line, labelled with a small-A, shows the height of the forehead. | ||
− | |A. | + | |A. Ceste permiere ligne poinćtée, qui est marqée à costé d’un petit A, demonstre la hauteur du front. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|B: The line B, taken across the Principal Diameter from one S to the other, is exactly at the tip of the nose. | |B: The line B, taken across the Principal Diameter from one S to the other, is exactly at the tip of the nose. | ||
− | |B. La ligne B, menée à travers le Diametre principal, de l’un S, à l’autre, | + | |B. La ligne B, menée à travers le Diametre principal, de l’un S, à l’autre, respond justement sur le bout du nez. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|C: This line shows the chin | |C: This line shows the chin | ||
− | |C. | + | |C. Ceste-cy demonstre le menton. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|E: The height of the shoulders. | |E: The height of the shoulders. | ||
− | |E. Le haut des | + | |E. Le haut des espaules. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|R: This is the top of the chest. | |R: This is the top of the chest. | ||
− | |R. | + | |R. Cest le plus haut de la poitrine. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|F: The exact height of the armpits. | |F: The exact height of the armpits. | ||
− | |F. | + | |F. Respond sur la juste hauteur des aixelles. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|K: On the floating ribs & the diaphragm. | |K: On the floating ribs & the diaphragm. | ||
− | |K. Sure les | + | |K. Sure les fausse costes, & sur le Diaphragme. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|The centre is on the navel. | |The centre is on the navel. | ||
− | |Le Centre vient | + | |Le Centre vient sur le nombril. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|L: On the head of the thigh-bone. | |L: On the head of the thigh-bone. | ||
− | |L. Sur la | + | |L. Sur la teste de l’os de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|P: On the top of the thigh. | |P: On the top of the thigh. | ||
− | |P. Sur le haut de la | + | |P. Sur le haut de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|H: The thickest part of the thigh. | |H: The thickest part of the thigh. | ||
− | |H: | + | |H: Respond au plus gros de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Q: shows the concavity of the same. | |Q: shows the concavity of the same. | ||
− | |Q. | + | |Q. Demonsre le concave de la mesme. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|R: The bottom of the thigh | |R: The bottom of the thigh | ||
− | |R. Le bas de la | + | |R. Le bas de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|S: The top of the kneecap. | |S: The top of the kneecap. | ||
− | |S. Le | + | |S. Le sur-genouil. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|T. The bottom of the kneecap. | |T. The bottom of the kneecap. | ||
− | |T. Le | + | |T. Le sous-genoil. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|E: This is the highest point on the shin. | |E: This is the highest point on the shin. | ||
− | |E. | + | |E. C’est le plus haut de la greve. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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* He has V & W backwards | * He has V & W backwards | ||
− | |W. Le | + | |W. Le mesme en dehors. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|X: The lowest part of the calf on the inside. | |X: The lowest part of the calf on the inside. | ||
− | |X. Le plus bas du | + | |X. Le plus bas du mesme en dedans. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Anyone interested in reducing these same proportions to some particular measure, to better understand the rationale, could divide the Diameter into 24 Spans, & subdivide each of these into 10 parts, & each part into 10 minutes. Thus it will be the same with stick or with cord, with which one would measure a person. And thus he will find, by the comparison with this figure, the lengths and widths of each of his limbs, which any could easily check. What is more, these measures always match, each one to its own line, parts of lines, which we see in this same Circle. | |Anyone interested in reducing these same proportions to some particular measure, to better understand the rationale, could divide the Diameter into 24 Spans, & subdivide each of these into 10 parts, & each part into 10 minutes. Thus it will be the same with stick or with cord, with which one would measure a person. And thus he will find, by the comparison with this figure, the lengths and widths of each of his limbs, which any could easily check. What is more, these measures always match, each one to its own line, parts of lines, which we see in this same Circle. | ||
− | |Qui | + | |Qui sera cuirieux de reduire ces mesmes proportions à quelque certaine mesure, pour en sçavoir rendre la raison plus exaćtemēt, il pourra pour cest effect partir le Diametre entier en 24. Nombres, & à chascun d’iceux il y pourra imaginer 10. parcelles; & à chascune parcelle 10. minutes: dont il fera pareillement le semblable du baston ou de la cordelle, dequoy il prendra les mesures au corps de la personne. Et par ainsi il trouvera par la confrontation de ceste figure, raportée à l’experience mesme, à combien montront les longeurs & largeurs de chascun des membres, desquels il voudra faire preuve. Et qui plus est, il les trouvera tousiours accordantes en leurdite mesure, à l’une ou à l’autre ligne, ou à certaines parties de lignes, qu’on voit en ce mesme Cercle. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|As the size of the head from the from the top to the chin matches the length of the Foot-Line, or to the half-diagonal of the Quadrangle, therefore it equals the length of the sole of the foot. | |As the size of the head from the from the top to the chin matches the length of the Foot-Line, or to the half-diagonal of the Quadrangle, therefore it equals the length of the sole of the foot. | ||
− | |Car la longeur de la | + | |Car la longeur de la teste depuis le sommet jussques au menton, s’accord justement à la mesure de la ligne Pedale, ou à la demie Diagonale de Quadrangle, estant par consequent egale à la mesure de la plante des Pieds. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|Its width is equal to the half-side of the Quadrangle, which is also equal to the length of the hand, from the wrist to the fingertips. | |Its width is equal to the half-side of the Quadrangle, which is also equal to the length of the hand, from the wrist to the fingertips. | ||
− | |Sa largeur | + | |Sa largeur est egal au demi-costé du mesme, qui est aussi egale à la longeur de la main, depuis le poignet jussques aux bouts des doights. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|The length of the arm, with the hand, is equal to one third the Diameter, that is, from the letter R to the letter H, or from H to C, as the lengths are equal, and contain precisely the extension of 8 Spans, since there are 12 on the radius, or on the blade of our sword, as shall be discussed later. | |The length of the arm, with the hand, is equal to one third the Diameter, that is, from the letter R to the letter H, or from H to C, as the lengths are equal, and contain precisely the extension of 8 Spans, since there are 12 on the radius, or on the blade of our sword, as shall be discussed later. | ||
− | |La longeur du bras | + | |La longeur du bras ensemble avec la main, est egale à la troisieme partie du Diametre entier, assavoire depuis la lettre R, jusques à l’H. ou depuis ledit H, jusques au C. car ces longeurs sont egales; & contiennet justement l’estendue de 8. Nombres, tels qu’il y en 12 sur le demi-Diametre, ou sur la lame de nostre espee, commeil sera discouru cy apres. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|All these proportions that are found so amazingly well on these lines, which cut across this figure from one angle to the other, are here shown, in this No 1 Circle on the front of the figure, on the fleshed side as on the skeletal side, because these are the principle basis of the lengths, widths, and all dimensions of Man which is necessary to show on both sides, on the right hand side and the left hand side. The same proportions are shown as well on the profile of the skeleton in Circle No 3. And in No 4, on the backside, showing the person from behind. Again, it is shown in Circle No 5 by the inverted figure, that these same proportions remain invariable whether one begins at one end of the Diameter or the other. | |All these proportions that are found so amazingly well on these lines, which cut across this figure from one angle to the other, are here shown, in this No 1 Circle on the front of the figure, on the fleshed side as on the skeletal side, because these are the principle basis of the lengths, widths, and all dimensions of Man which is necessary to show on both sides, on the right hand side and the left hand side. The same proportions are shown as well on the profile of the skeleton in Circle No 3. And in No 4, on the backside, showing the person from behind. Again, it is shown in Circle No 5 by the inverted figure, that these same proportions remain invariable whether one begins at one end of the Diameter or the other. | ||
− | |Toutes ces proportions | + | |Toutes ces proportions se rencontrants si merveilleusement sur ces lignes, qui procedent des entrecoupures de ceste figure, de l’un des angles opposites à l’autre, sont icy representées en ce Cercle N. 1. sur le devant de la personne, tand sur la chair, que sur les ossements nuds, à raison qu’iceux sont le principal fondement des longeurs, des largeurs, de toutes les dimensions de l’homme: dont it nous a semblé necessaire de le representer en toutes les deux manieres, l’une à main droite, & l’autre à gauche. Les mesmes proportions sont demonsrées areillement sur le poufil des ossements au Cercle N.3. Et au N.4. sur le derriere, en regardant la personne de dos. Comme il est derechef representé au Cercel N.5. par la figure renversée, que ces mesmes proportions demeurent invariables tant à commencer de l’un bout du Diametre, que de l’autre. |
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|This circle contains only the names of the lines of this figure, as detailed above. | |This circle contains only the names of the lines of this figure, as detailed above. | ||
− | |Ce Cercle ne contient autre | + | |Ce Cercle ne contient autre chose, que les noms des lignes de ceste figure, en la mesme sorte qu’ils on esté declarez cy dessus. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top" | ||
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|''In which one sees how the natural pace which men ordinarily use as they walk, reliably matches with the measurements of this same Circle.'' | |''In which one sees how the natural pace which men ordinarily use as they walk, reliably matches with the measurements of this same Circle.'' | ||
− | |''Auquel on voit, comment les pas naturels, dont les Hommes | + | |''Auquel on voit, comment les pas naturels, dont les Hommes usent en leur demarche ordinaire, s’accordent fort raisuement avec de mesures de ce mesme Cercle.'' |
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"Gerardus Thibault Inventor" | "Gerardus Thibault Inventor" | ||
− | | | + | |Ainsi que nous venons de representer la convenance de cest figure du Cercle avec les proportions de l’Homme faisons en aussi le semblable au regard de la demarche & des pas, desquels il qu’il use en cestuy nostre Exercice. Car touchant ce que les proportions de l’homme font derechef representées en ce Cercle N.3. sur le pourfil des ossements, il n’en eschet point de proposer icy autre chose, que d’en renvoiyer simplement le Lećteur à ce qui a esté specifié au Cercle N.1. |
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|The footprints, which go in and about Circle No 3, marked with different numbers, demonstrate the concordance between the ordinary walking pace of a man and the Circle. Their significance is as follows. | |The footprints, which go in and about Circle No 3, marked with different numbers, demonstrate the concordance between the ordinary walking pace of a man and the Circle. Their significance is as follows. | ||
− | |Les traces donc les pieds, qui vont dedans & alentour de ce Cercle N.3. cottés en chifre de differents nombres, | + | |Les traces donc les pieds, qui vont dedans & alentour de ce Cercle N.3. cottés en chifre de differents nombres, demonstrent la convenance de la demarche ordinaire de l’homme avec ceste mesme figure du Cercle, & en est la signification telle, que s’ensuit. |
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|Those which go along the Perpendicular Diameter, marked number 1, demonstrate that the length of this Extended Diameter equals four ordinary paces, in doing three or four paces before coming into the circle, for balance, begin stepping with the right foot on the Foot-Line and end likewise on the opposite Foot-Line with the left foot. Which one can also observe similarly in the other paces which follow. | |Those which go along the Perpendicular Diameter, marked number 1, demonstrate that the length of this Extended Diameter equals four ordinary paces, in doing three or four paces before coming into the circle, for balance, begin stepping with the right foot on the Foot-Line and end likewise on the opposite Foot-Line with the left foot. Which one can also observe similarly in the other paces which follow. | ||
− | |Celles qui vont le long du Diametre perpendiculaire, cottées en chifre 1, | + | |Celles qui vont le long du Diametre perpendiculaire, cottées en chifre 1, demonstrent que la longeur de cedit Diametre perpendiculaire prolongé, revient à quatre pas ordinaire, en faisant deux ou trois pas avant que de venir au Cercle, afin que le corps soit en train, pour commencer la demarche à main droite sur la ligne Pedale, & a finir pareillement sur la ligne Pedale à main gauche. Ce qui doit aussi estre observé semblablement és autres demarches suivantes. |
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|Those which go along the same Diameter within the circumference, marked number 2, demonstrate that three normal paces is the length of this Diameter from circumference to circumference. | |Those which go along the same Diameter within the circumference, marked number 2, demonstrate that three normal paces is the length of this Diameter from circumference to circumference. | ||
− | |Celles qui vont le long du | + | |Celles qui vont le long du mesme Diametre au dedans de la circonference, marquées en chifre 2, demonstrent qu la longeur de ce Diametre est de trois pas de la demarche ordinaire, en allant de circonference à circonference. |
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|The same proportion is shown on the two Oblique Diameters by the footprints numbered 3 & 4 as well as those which are marked number 5 on the four sides of the Outside Square, which are equal to those along the Oblique Diameters, which go from one edge to the other. | |The same proportion is shown on the two Oblique Diameters by the footprints numbered 3 & 4 as well as those which are marked number 5 on the four sides of the Outside Square, which are equal to those along the Oblique Diameters, which go from one edge to the other. | ||
− | |La | + | |La mesme proportion est representé sur les deux Diametres obliques par les semelles, qui portent le Nombre 3. & 4. & pareillment par celles qui portent le Nombre 5. sur les quatre costez du Quarré circonscrit, comme estants egaux à iceux Diametres obliques, en allant tousiours de l’un bout jusqu’a l’autre. |
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|Those marked with number 6 demonstrate how the circumference, along with the Inside Square, matches eight steps at an ordinary pace, which can be done by putting the left foot along the circumference line at C, then moving the other forward and place it at G, in the middle of the line. Then drawing the left circularly along circumference from C to N. Then again advancing the right along the same side of the Inside Square close to the left & then continuing to follow along the next side of the Inside Square to S, and so on, so the right foot always follows the four lines of the Inside Square, and the left is carried around always following the circumference. The right foot reaches two half-sides of the Inside Square with each step, and the left moves a Quadrant of the circumference each time. | |Those marked with number 6 demonstrate how the circumference, along with the Inside Square, matches eight steps at an ordinary pace, which can be done by putting the left foot along the circumference line at C, then moving the other forward and place it at G, in the middle of the line. Then drawing the left circularly along circumference from C to N. Then again advancing the right along the same side of the Inside Square close to the left & then continuing to follow along the next side of the Inside Square to S, and so on, so the right foot always follows the four lines of the Inside Square, and the left is carried around always following the circumference. The right foot reaches two half-sides of the Inside Square with each step, and the left moves a Quadrant of the circumference each time. | ||
− | |Celles qui | + | |Celles qui sont marquées du Nombre 6. demonstrent la convenance de la Circonference, ensemble avec le Quarré Inscrit, à la demarche de huićt pas ordinaires: lesquels on y pourra pratiquer en mettant premierement le pied gauche sur la lettre C. & cheminant de l’autre en avant jusques à le planter à plein, sur le G. au milieu de la ligne; menant apres le gauche circulairement le long de la circonference depuis C jusques à N: puis avançant derechef le droit le long du mesme costé du Quarré inscrit jussques à bien pres de l’autre, & continuant à le porter par la trace d l’autre prochain costé du Quarré inscrit jusques à l’S. & ainsi consequemment du reste, en sorte que le pied droit aille tousiours suivant les quatres lignes du Quarré Inscrit, & le gauche soit porté en rond costoyant tousiours la circonference; le pied droit achevant à chasque demarche deux moitiez de deux costez du Quarré inscrit, & la gauche achevant à chasque fois un Quadrant du circonference. |
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|One should always be very aware of this concordance, in as much as this, the length of a man’s ordinary walking pace, is our exemplar. So our imitation of which always informs the style of our School. This shall be shown throughout the rest of this book and by which means we avoid awkward and inconvenient poses, which we shall see when and where an example requires a more precise explanation. | |One should always be very aware of this concordance, in as much as this, the length of a man’s ordinary walking pace, is our exemplar. So our imitation of which always informs the style of our School. This shall be shown throughout the rest of this book and by which means we avoid awkward and inconvenient poses, which we shall see when and where an example requires a more precise explanation. | ||
− | | | + | |L’observation de ceste convenance doit estre tenue en grande estime, d’autant que ce sont là les pas ordinaires de la demarche de l’homme, à l’exemple & imitation de laquelle nous devons tousiours former le stile de nostre Pratique, ainsi qu’il paroistra par la suite de tout le livre, & que sans iceux il ne seroit possible d’eviter des grandes incommoditez, qui seront données à cognoistre, où il sera question d’en rendre la raison plus exaćte. |
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|''Which Contains the explanation of the Range of the three Approaches, or Instances, & how they are represented on our Circle, both along the Diameter, and on the sides of the Inside Square, to close with the Enemy from the side.'' | |''Which Contains the explanation of the Range of the three Approaches, or Instances, & how they are represented on our Circle, both along the Diameter, and on the sides of the Inside Square, to close with the Enemy from the side.'' | ||
− | |''Contenant la declaration de la | + | |''Contenant la declaration de la Mesure des trois Approches, ou Instances, & comment elles sont representées sur nostre Cercle, tant sur le Diametre, que sur les costez du Quarrée Inscrit, pour aborder l’Ennemi de travers.'' |
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|First, is shown here the proportions of Man as seen from the back. | |First, is shown here the proportions of Man as seen from the back. | ||
− | |Pour le premier on vous | + | |Pour le premier on vous represente icy les proportions de l’Homme, à le regarder de dos. |
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|Second, from the footprints, to the right and left of the figure, demonstrate the concordance of paces which was observed in the previous Circle. | |Second, from the footprints, to the right and left of the figure, demonstrate the concordance of paces which was observed in the previous Circle. | ||
− | |Secondement par les traces des | + | |Secondement par les traces des semelles, à droite & à gauche de lafigure, on y pourroit demonstrer la mesme convenance des pas, qui a esté remarquée au Cercle precedent. |
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|To understand this, one must know that the two adversaries will first close with each other at the First Instance, that is, when one, in the Z-X Quadrangle, places his right foot on the extended side and the left foot on the Foot-line, the other does the same in the A-C Quadrangle, opposite, as is clearly shown by the footprints marked on them. While they are at this range, we say they are at the First Instance, for if they were further away, they would be out of range, because they would be unable to hit each other even in the slowest time because they would be almost completely beyond their reach. | |To understand this, one must know that the two adversaries will first close with each other at the First Instance, that is, when one, in the Z-X Quadrangle, places his right foot on the extended side and the left foot on the Foot-line, the other does the same in the A-C Quadrangle, opposite, as is clearly shown by the footprints marked on them. While they are at this range, we say they are at the First Instance, for if they were further away, they would be out of range, because they would be unable to hit each other even in the slowest time because they would be almost completely beyond their reach. | ||
− | |Pour l’intelligence | + | |Pour l’intelligence desquelles il faut sçavoir, que les deux Contraires se viennent premierement aborder à la Premiere Instance. c’est à dire, quand l’un se vient placer sur le Quadrangle ZX, le pied droit sur le costé exterieur, & pied gauche sur la ligne Pedale; que l’autre se vient pareillement placer alencontre sur le Quadrangle opposite AC; comme il est clairement representé par les traces des pieds, qui sont marquez dessus. Tandis qu’ils sont en ceste mesure nous disons qu’ils sont à la Premiere Instance; car s’ils se tiennent plus loing, ils sont comme hors de mesure, à cause qu’ils ne se peuvent toucher l’un l’autre en temps mediocre, par ce qu’ils sont quasi hors de leur portée. |
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|The Second Instance is that which comes so close to the adversary, either directly by the path of the Diameter, or in approaching from the side by the Quadrants, that one can put the point of the sword on the elbow, and, consequently, hit him in half-time with a simple bow of the body with the feet firmly planted. Which one can do by moving along the diameter to the letter E, and on the G by the sides of the Inside Square. This range is called the Second Instance, because one cannot approach that close as the point of first contact without first having previously secured one’s line of approach. And once there, one works from a superior postion, because it merely requires a simple extension of the arm, assisted by a simple bow of the body, which has no effect on one’s balance, to hit the enemy. | |The Second Instance is that which comes so close to the adversary, either directly by the path of the Diameter, or in approaching from the side by the Quadrants, that one can put the point of the sword on the elbow, and, consequently, hit him in half-time with a simple bow of the body with the feet firmly planted. Which one can do by moving along the diameter to the letter E, and on the G by the sides of the Inside Square. This range is called the Second Instance, because one cannot approach that close as the point of first contact without first having previously secured one’s line of approach. And once there, one works from a superior postion, because it merely requires a simple extension of the arm, assisted by a simple bow of the body, which has no effect on one’s balance, to hit the enemy. | ||
− | |La Seconde | + | |La Seconde Instance est celle qui vient si pres de la partie adverse, soit en allant droićtement sur luy par la voye du Diametre, ou en l’approchant de travers par les Quadrants, qu’on luy puisse mettre la pointe de l’espee sur le coude, & par consequent on le peut toucher en un demi-temps avec un simple panchement du corps & à pied ferme. Ce qu’on pourra faire en arrivant par le Diametre à la lettre E. & sur le G, par les costez du Quarré Inscrit. Ceste mesure se nomme Seconde Instance, pource qu’on n’y peut venir de permier abordee, sans avoir asseuré preallablement ses approches: & y estant, on travaille avec plus d’avantage, car il ne faut qu’une simple extension du bras, assisté d’un panchement de corps, qui n’empesche pas de le retenir en balance, pour toucher l’Ennemy. |
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|From the Second Instance, we come to the Third, which is at the letter H on the Diameter, or along the sides of the Inside Square at the letter N. It is a range at which one can hit the foe while keeping the body straight and upright, without moving the feet, by doing nothing more than extending the arm. | |From the Second Instance, we come to the Third, which is at the letter H on the Diameter, or along the sides of the Inside Square at the letter N. It is a range at which one can hit the foe while keeping the body straight and upright, without moving the feet, by doing nothing more than extending the arm. | ||
− | |De la Seconde | + | |De la Seconde Instance on vient à la Troisieme, qui est à la lettre H, sur le Diametre, ou sur les costez du Quarré Inscrit, à la lettre N. cest une mesure en laquelle on peut donner l’atteinte au Contraire, en tenant le corps droit & estēdu sans aucun avancement pieds, ne faisant rien autre que d’allonger le bras. |
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|Those are our Three Instances, along the Diameter, as along the sides of the Inside Square, to the right and the left, where they are clearly marked by the footprints, which show the situation as stationary paces, one foot distinguished from the other by a single foot (distance) between the arches of each footprint, as we are used to when standing upright. | |Those are our Three Instances, along the Diameter, as along the sides of the Inside Square, to the right and the left, where they are clearly marked by the footprints, which show the situation as stationary paces, one foot distinguished from the other by a single foot (distance) between the arches of each footprint, as we are used to when standing upright. | ||
− | |Et voilà nos Trois | + | |Et voilà nos Trois Instances, tant sur le Diametre, que sur les costez du Quarré Inscrit, à droite & à gauche, où elles sont representées assez clairement par les semelles, qui en demonstrent la situation en forme de pas arresté, l’un pied estant disioinćt de l’autre de l’intervalle d’un pied tant seulement, entre le creux de l’un & de l’autre, ainsi qu’on est accoustumé de se tenir debout à pieds arrestez. |
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|Also, as much as it is a very important point in the practice of arms, to know these three Approches distinctly, as they are represented on the Circle. It is also an important point in Theory to consider how these ranges are taken solely from the proportions of Man. As such it is more and more apparent, that we always take Nature as our guide, and from these proportions, we align our steps, our approaches, and our distances, either when we stay or when we move. Because if you look only at the figure of the man, here shown from the back, you will see that,in the First Instance, the interval from circumference to circumference is equal to the extended height of a person, so that when the two Parties are in this First Instance, there is always this same gap equal to the extended height of a person between them. And if they are at the Second, either straight across the Diameter or to one side along the edges of the Square, the distance between them is equal to the natural height of that same person, from the soles of the feet to the top of the head. And finally, the interval of the Third is equal to the height of the stomach. | |Also, as much as it is a very important point in the practice of arms, to know these three Approches distinctly, as they are represented on the Circle. It is also an important point in Theory to consider how these ranges are taken solely from the proportions of Man. As such it is more and more apparent, that we always take Nature as our guide, and from these proportions, we align our steps, our approaches, and our distances, either when we stay or when we move. Because if you look only at the figure of the man, here shown from the back, you will see that,in the First Instance, the interval from circumference to circumference is equal to the extended height of a person, so that when the two Parties are in this First Instance, there is always this same gap equal to the extended height of a person between them. And if they are at the Second, either straight across the Diameter or to one side along the edges of the Square, the distance between them is equal to the natural height of that same person, from the soles of the feet to the top of the head. And finally, the interval of the Third is equal to the height of the stomach. | ||
− | |Or comme | + | |Or comme c’est un poinćt de tresgrande importance en la Pratique des armes, de cognoistre ces trois Approches distinćtement, comme elles sont representées par le Cercle: aussi est ce chose tres digne de consideration en la Theorie de contempler, comment les mesures en sont tirées de la seule Proportion de l’Homme; afin qu’il apparoisse de plus en plus, que nous prenons tousiours la Nature pour guide; & que selon les proportions d’icelle, nous dressons touts nos pas, nos approches, & nos distances, soit à demeurer, soit à bouger de la place. Car si vous regardez tant seulement la figure de l’Homme, qui est icy representé de dos, vous verrez, que l’intervalle de la Premiere Instance de Cironference à Circonference, est egale à la hauteur estendue de la personne, de sorte que quand les deux Parties sont en ceste Premiere Instance, il y a tousiours entre deux la mesure de ceste hauteur estendue d’une personne. Et s’ils sont à la Seconde, soit de droit sur le Diametre, ou de travers sur les costez du Quarré ; la distance qui est entre deux est egale à la hauteur & stature naturelle du corps de la mesme personne, depuis la plante des pieds jusqu’au sommet de la teste. Et finalement, l’intervalle de la Troisieme, est egale à la hauteur de la poitrine. |
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|If I am asked what is the meaning of these fourth pair of footprints at the centre, and if they represent a Fourth Instance on the Diameter, I answer, no, and add that they were added to show how four static paces accord with half the distance of the extended diameter, which is equal to four ordinary steps, which was explained in Circle No 3 & marked number 1. As such, there are but the three pairs of footprints which show the Diametrical Instances, as well as the three others, which go off to the the sides and show the lateral ones. | |If I am asked what is the meaning of these fourth pair of footprints at the centre, and if they represent a Fourth Instance on the Diameter, I answer, no, and add that they were added to show how four static paces accord with half the distance of the extended diameter, which is equal to four ordinary steps, which was explained in Circle No 3 & marked number 1. As such, there are but the three pairs of footprints which show the Diametrical Instances, as well as the three others, which go off to the the sides and show the lateral ones. | ||
− | |Si on me demande, | + | |Si on me demande, qu’est ce que signifie ceste quatrieme paire de semelles, qui attouche le Centre, & si elle ne represente pas la Quatrieme Instance Diametrale, je respons, que non; & qu’elle y est adjoustée, pour representer simplement la convenance du demi-Diametre prolongé avec quatre pas à pieds arrestez, comme l’entier est egal à quatre pas ordinaires de demarche: ainsi qu’il est expliqué au Cercle N. 3. & marqué en ciffre 1. De sorte qu’il n’y a que les trois premieres paires de semelles, qui demonstrent les Instances Diametrales; ainsi que les trois autres, qui vont aux costez, demonstrent les Laterales. |
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|Now, everything I have said about these Instances, starting from Quadrangle A-C when the adversary is on Quadrangle Z-X must also be understood to apply conversely, when beginning the approach from the Quadrangle opposite, which is easy to understand from the footprints along the Diameter as well as along the edges of the Inside Square. | |Now, everything I have said about these Instances, starting from Quadrangle A-C when the adversary is on Quadrangle Z-X must also be understood to apply conversely, when beginning the approach from the Quadrangle opposite, which is easy to understand from the footprints along the Diameter as well as along the edges of the Inside Square. | ||
− | |Or tout ce que nos avons dit de ces Instances, en commenceant par le Quadrangle AC. quand | + | |Or tout ce que nos avons dit de ces Instances, en commenceant par le Quadrangle AC. quand l’Adversaire se tient dessus le Quadrangle ZX. celà mesme se doit aussi entendre à l’opposite, en occasion, qu’il nous touche de commencer les Approches par le Quadrangle opposite ainsi qu’il est aisé à comprendre par les traces des pieds, qui en font la declaration tant sur le Diametre, que sur l‘un & l’autre costé du Quarré Inscrit. |
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|To know the exact ranges of each of these three Instances, as well as the basis of several observations, which we shall explore later, one must know that the blades of our swords are differentiated by twelve numbers into equal parts, as shown along the bottom left of the table. The reason for this will be explained following this section. Eight of these parts are the exact length of the arm, which is evident from the figure in Circle No 1, where it clearly shows that length of the arm is equal to one third the Diameter, from R to H: and since the Diameter is two times longer than the blade, that is, twenty-four Spans, it clearly follows that one third equals eight. Also this proof can demonstrate the truth, if one places the tip of the blade at the armpit and extends the arm along the blade, the finger tips only reach as far as the number eight. And therefore, when gripping the sword in hand, the sword has a length of 12, and that of the arm of 8, from which one must subtract about 1 for the shortening of the fingers when one grips, it appears then that holding the sword in hand, one can reach straight ahead a length of 19 Spans. Disregarding other considerations, let us suppose, for a moment, that the two swords are both equal to the radius; there will be more about this later. In this way we can calculate the measurements of these Instances from part 47, book 1 of Euclid in this way. | |To know the exact ranges of each of these three Instances, as well as the basis of several observations, which we shall explore later, one must know that the blades of our swords are differentiated by twelve numbers into equal parts, as shown along the bottom left of the table. The reason for this will be explained following this section. Eight of these parts are the exact length of the arm, which is evident from the figure in Circle No 1, where it clearly shows that length of the arm is equal to one third the Diameter, from R to H: and since the Diameter is two times longer than the blade, that is, twenty-four Spans, it clearly follows that one third equals eight. Also this proof can demonstrate the truth, if one places the tip of the blade at the armpit and extends the arm along the blade, the finger tips only reach as far as the number eight. And therefore, when gripping the sword in hand, the sword has a length of 12, and that of the arm of 8, from which one must subtract about 1 for the shortening of the fingers when one grips, it appears then that holding the sword in hand, one can reach straight ahead a length of 19 Spans. Disregarding other considerations, let us suppose, for a moment, that the two swords are both equal to the radius; there will be more about this later. In this way we can calculate the measurements of these Instances from part 47, book 1 of Euclid in this way. | ||
− | |Pour | + | |Pour coignoistre exaćtement les mesures de chascune de ces trois Instances, ensemble aussi le fondement de plusieurs observations, dont il sera parlé cy apres, il faut sçavoir, que les lames de nos espees sont distinguées par chifres en douze parties egales, comme il est representé au bas du Tableau à main gauche, & en sera la raison declarée à la suite de ce mesme discours. Huićt de ces parties font la juste longeur du bras, ainsi qu’il est evident par la figure du Cercle N.1. où il se voit clairement que la longeur du bras est egale à un tiers du Diametre, depuis l’R jusques à l’H: & d’autant que le Diametre entier a deux fois autant de longeur que la lame, ce qui monte à vingt & quatre Nombres, s’ensuit necessairement que le tiers en sera comme huićt. Aussi la preuve en peut demonstrer la verité; par ce qu’en mettant la poinćt de la lame contre l’aixelle, & estendent le bras dessus, on ne peut atteindre du bout des doigts plus avant que jusqu’au Nombre huićt. Et comme ainsi soit, qu’en tenant l’espee au poing, on aye la longeur de la lame, comme 12, & celle du bras comme 8: desquels il en faut soubstraire quasi 1 pour le raccourcissement des doigts, qui font le poing, il paroist donc qu’en tenant l’espee au poing, on peut atteindre en droite ligne si avant que la longeur de 19 de ces mesmes Nombres. Faut d’avantage presupposer pour le secōd, que les espees sont egales au demi-Diametre; comme vous entendrez plus particulierement cy apres. Et voilà par où lon pourra calculer les mesures de cesdites Instances par la 47. Liv.1. Eucl. en ceste maniere. |
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|The radius from X to the Centre is 12 | |The radius from X to the Centre is 12 | ||
− | |Le demi-Diametre depuis X | + | |Le demi-Diametre depuis X jusqu’au Centre, est 12 |
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|The Centre is a right-angle. | |The Centre is a right-angle. | ||
− | |L’angle de Centre | + | |L’angle de Centre est droit. |
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|Therefore the line subtended from X to N is approx. 16.97 | |Therefore the line subtended from X to N is approx. 16.97 | ||
− | |Doncques la ligne X N, qui le | + | |Doncques la ligne X N, qui le soustient, 16,97@ |
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|That is the line which measures the Third Instance, going by the quadrants of the Circle. | |That is the line which measures the Third Instance, going by the quadrants of the Circle. | ||
− | |Voilà la ligne qui | + | |Voilà la ligne qui mesure la Troisieme Instance, en allant par les quadrants de Cercle. |
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|The range of the Second is found in the same way. To do this, first imagine a line perpendicular to the Diametre from G to G. This will cut the radius at a right angle, in the exact middle between C and the Centre. Let’s say, then: | |The range of the Second is found in the same way. To do this, first imagine a line perpendicular to the Diametre from G to G. This will cut the radius at a right angle, in the exact middle between C and the Centre. Let’s say, then: | ||
− | |La | + | |La mesure de la Seconde se trouve en la mesme sorte. Et pour ce faire imaginez permierement une ligne allant perpendiculairement par le Diametre, de G à G. Icelle coupera le demi-Diametre en angle droit, au juste mitan entre le C et le Centre. Dites donc |
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|The radius is 12, and half of the other radius 6, added together, so the line that goes from X to the right angle is 18 | |The radius is 12, and half of the other radius 6, added together, so the line that goes from X to the right angle is 18 | ||
− | |Le demi-Diametre 12 & la moitié de l’autre demi-Diametre 6, | + | |Le demi-Diametre 12 & la moitié de l’autre demi-Diametre 6, sont ensemble, pour la ligne qui va depuis l’X jusques à l’angle droit 18 |
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|The imaginary line being equal to the radius, half of that from the right angle to G must necessarily be 6 | |The imaginary line being equal to the radius, half of that from the right angle to G must necessarily be 6 | ||
− | |La ligne imaginée | + | |La ligne imaginée estant egale au demi-Diametre, faut necessairement, que la moitié, depuis l’angle droit jusques au G, en soit 6 |
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|The angle at the Diameter is a right angle. | |The angle at the Diameter is a right angle. | ||
− | |L’angle qui touche le Diametre | + | |L’angle qui touche le Diametre est droit. |
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|Therefore the line subtended from X to G, is about 18.97 | |Therefore the line subtended from X to G, is about 18.97 | ||
− | |Doncques la ligne X G, qui le | + | |Doncques la ligne X G, qui le soutient, 18,97@ |
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|The range of the First Instance appears by itself, being two times the radius, which makes 24 | |The range of the First Instance appears by itself, being two times the radius, which makes 24 | ||
− | |La | + | |La mesure de la Permier Instance paroist d’elle mesme, estant deux fois le demi-Diametre: qui font par ensemble 24 |
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|Next, then, the arm, extended straight with the sword, makes a length of 19 Spans. The distance of the First Instance is only 24 so one might conclude that from there, one can hit the adversary from the First Instance, by moving only 5 Spans forward, but this is false, which we can physically demonstrate. When two adversaries stand in the opposite Quadrangles, with swords and arms extended in a straight line the tips of the blades will only reach to just before the other’s hilts, as is shown in Circle No 1 of Plate IV: as such that they cannot reach the other’s body without advancing at least as far as the length of their adversary’s arm, that is 7 or 8 Spans. | |Next, then, the arm, extended straight with the sword, makes a length of 19 Spans. The distance of the First Instance is only 24 so one might conclude that from there, one can hit the adversary from the First Instance, by moving only 5 Spans forward, but this is false, which we can physically demonstrate. When two adversaries stand in the opposite Quadrangles, with swords and arms extended in a straight line the tips of the blades will only reach to just before the other’s hilts, as is shown in Circle No 1 of Plate IV: as such that they cannot reach the other’s body without advancing at least as far as the length of their adversary’s arm, that is 7 or 8 Spans. | ||
− | |Puis donc que le bras avec | + | |Puis donc que le bras avec l’espee font ensemble en droite ligne la longeur de 19 Nombres; & que l’espace de la Premiere Instance n’en contient que 24, paradventure quelqu’un voudra conclurre de là, qu’on puisse toucher sa partie adverse depuis la Permiere Instance, in avançant seluement la mesure de 5 Nombres; ce qui est faux, comme on le peut demonstrer par experience. car quand les deux parties adverses se tiennent sur les Quadrangles opposites en la forme requise, avec les bras & espees estendus en droite ligne les poinćtes des lames n’arriveront chasqu une, que jusques au devant de la garde contraire: ainsi qu’il est representé sur le Cercle N.1. du Tableau IV: de sorte qu’ils ne peuvent arriver au corps contraire si ce n’est qu’ils s’avancent pour le moins, autant que tout le bras entier de leur partie adverse, qui est de 7. à 8. Nombres. |
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|The reason for this is when the body is held erect on both feet, with one foot on the edge of the Quadrangle and the other on the Foot-Line, one does not balance over the ball of the right foot at the Circumference, but rather between the two feet over the centre of the Quadrangle. Having considered and looked at the placement of the feet, which are separated by about a foot, on can conclude with assurance that each of the adversaries is half-foot back. And from this comes the increase in distance of the First Instance. | |The reason for this is when the body is held erect on both feet, with one foot on the edge of the Quadrangle and the other on the Foot-Line, one does not balance over the ball of the right foot at the Circumference, but rather between the two feet over the centre of the Quadrangle. Having considered and looked at the placement of the feet, which are separated by about a foot, on can conclude with assurance that each of the adversaries is half-foot back. And from this comes the increase in distance of the First Instance. | ||
− | |La | + | |La cause en est, que le corps, se tenant ainsi debout sur ses pieds, placez l’un sur l’un des costez du Quadrangle, & l’autre sur la ligne Pedale, ne repose pas sur la poinćte du pied droićt qui aboutit à la Circonference; mais il revient entre les deux pieds par dessus le Centre du Quadrangle. Ce qu’estant bien consideré, & confronté à la situation desdits pieds, qui sont separez entre eux d’un pied entier d’intervalle; on pourra conclurre assurement, que chascun des Contraires se recule d’un demi-pied en arriere. Et voilà d’où procede l’aggrandissement de la Permiere Instance. |
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|As to the range of the Second, it must be expanded likewise, adding the slight withdrawal of the two bodies, following the placement of the feet, which together comes to one extra foot length between the two. Therefore it follows that, as much as the Collateral X-G only goes to about 18.97 Spans, we must always count the distance as about 21, 45, which is just about 21 ½. As such one cannot hit the adversary without advancing by one foot distance, which can be reached by simply leaning forwards with the torso. | |As to the range of the Second, it must be expanded likewise, adding the slight withdrawal of the two bodies, following the placement of the feet, which together comes to one extra foot length between the two. Therefore it follows that, as much as the Collateral X-G only goes to about 18.97 Spans, we must always count the distance as about 21, 45, which is just about 21 ½. As such one cannot hit the adversary without advancing by one foot distance, which can be reached by simply leaning forwards with the torso. | ||
− | |Quant à la | + | |Quant à la mesure de la Seconde, il la faut aggrandir pareillement, en y adjoustant le reculement des deux corps, procedant de la situation de leurs pieds, qui revient aussi à un pied de longeur pour touts les deux ensemble. Suivant quoy, combien que la ligne Collaterale X G ne monte qu’à 18,97@ Nombres; toutesfois il en faut conter pour la distance 21,45@ qui est à bien peu pres 21½. En sorte qu’on n’y peut toucher la partie adverse, sinon qu’on s’avance environ la mesure d’un pied, laquelle on peut atteindre en panchent seulement du corps sur le devant. |
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|The line of the Third Instance X-N was calculated at about 16.97 Spans, to which we again add the distance of one foot to adjust for the stance, which comes to a about 19.45 Spans, just a little less than 19 ½. So, as the extension of the arm with the sword comes to 19 Spans, that leaves about ½ Span to hit. Thus it is easy to understand how, in this Third Instance, one can hit an adversary while standing erect, with only the slightest bow. | |The line of the Third Instance X-N was calculated at about 16.97 Spans, to which we again add the distance of one foot to adjust for the stance, which comes to a about 19.45 Spans, just a little less than 19 ½. So, as the extension of the arm with the sword comes to 19 Spans, that leaves about ½ Span to hit. Thus it is easy to understand how, in this Third Instance, one can hit an adversary while standing erect, with only the slightest bow. | ||
− | |La ligne de la | + | |La ligne de la Troisieme Instance X N a esté calculée 16,97@. à laquelle adjoustant derechef la mesure d’un pied en recompense de la situation; il en vient Nombres 19,45@ qui font un peu moins que 19½ . De sorte que, l’extension du bras avec l’espee faisant ensemble 19, il en reste environ ½ Nombre de mesure pour atteindre. Dont il est aisé à comprendre, qu’à ceste Troisieme Instance on peut toucher sa partie adverse, en se tenant droit, avec le moindre panchement du monde. |
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|Then, because we have explained the ranges of the Lateral Instances, it makes sense to to the same with the others. And this, furthermore, because of the differences which are found between the two, could perhaps give reason to someone to suspect some fault, as if the Instances on the Diameter were not properly aligned. | |Then, because we have explained the ranges of the Lateral Instances, it makes sense to to the same with the others. And this, furthermore, because of the differences which are found between the two, could perhaps give reason to someone to suspect some fault, as if the Instances on the Diameter were not properly aligned. | ||
− | |Or puis que nous avons declaré les | + | |Or puis que nous avons declaré les mesures des Instances Laterales, il est raison de faire aussi le semblable des autres. Et ce d’autant plus, parce que la difference, qui se trouve entre deux, pourra donner paraventure occasion à quelqu’un d’y soupçonner quelque faute, comme si les Instances Diametrales n’estoyent pas bien assignées. |
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|In fact the line X-H, which represents the Third Instance interval, is shorter than the line X-N. Because that one was calculated to be about 16.97 Spans & this one is no more than 16. This is easy to show by the rule of Proportion: imagine again the triangle, which was described above for the calculation of the line X-G. Let’s say the length from X to the middle of the cross radius is 18, for the base, which gives 6 for the height to G. Therefore the base from X to the centre being 12, the height from this Centre to the letter L will be 4. So it is that the lines from the Centre to L & to H are equal by proposition 4 of Euclid’s 1st book. These 4, added to the radius 12, for the line X-H comes to 16. Thus this line of the Third Instance on the Diameter comes to only 16 Spans, and the other about 16.97. In any case the difference is made up in another way as we shall soon see. Similarly there is a difference between the lines X-G & X-E for the Second Instance: as the first is about 18.97 Spans, and the other about 19.69, calculation of which we shall leave for the present as this would involve too many sums, you may, meanwhile find this by means of the two triangles G-C w. | |In fact the line X-H, which represents the Third Instance interval, is shorter than the line X-N. Because that one was calculated to be about 16.97 Spans & this one is no more than 16. This is easy to show by the rule of Proportion: imagine again the triangle, which was described above for the calculation of the line X-G. Let’s say the length from X to the middle of the cross radius is 18, for the base, which gives 6 for the height to G. Therefore the base from X to the centre being 12, the height from this Centre to the letter L will be 4. So it is that the lines from the Centre to L & to H are equal by proposition 4 of Euclid’s 1st book. These 4, added to the radius 12, for the line X-H comes to 16. Thus this line of the Third Instance on the Diameter comes to only 16 Spans, and the other about 16.97. In any case the difference is made up in another way as we shall soon see. Similarly there is a difference between the lines X-G & X-E for the Second Instance: as the first is about 18.97 Spans, and the other about 19.69, calculation of which we shall leave for the present as this would involve too many sums, you may, meanwhile find this by means of the two triangles G-C w. | ||
− | |Et de fait la ligne X H, qui y | + | |Et de fait la ligne X H, qui y represente l’intervalle de la Troisieme Instance, est plus courte que n’a esté la ligne X N. Car ceste-là a esté calculée à Nombres 16,97@: & celle-cy n’en contient que 16. sans plus. Ce qui est aisé à demonstrer par le regle de Proportion: imaginant derechef le triangle, qui a esté declaré cy dessus pour la calculation de la ligne X G. Disons, la longeur depuis X jusques au milieu de l’autre demi-Diametre 18, pour la base; donnent 6, pour la hauteur jusques à G. Doncques la base depuis X jusques au Centre estant 12; la hauterur depuis ledit Centre jusques à la lettre L, fera 4. Or est il que les lignes depuis le Centre jusqu’à L, & jusqu’à H, sont egales par la prop.4. liv.1. d’Euclid. Iceux 4. adjoustez au demi-Diametre 12; il en vient pour la ligne X H, 16. Ainsi donc ceste ligne de la Troisieme Instance Diametrale ne fait que 16 Nombres; & l’autre, 16,97@. Toutesfois la difference en est recompensée par une autre voye, comme il sera declaré tantost. Semblablement il y a de la difference entre les lignes X G & X E. pour la Seconde Instance: car la permiere est de 18,97@ Nombres, & l’autre de 19,69@ ce que nous laisserons pour le present de calculer, à cause que le chose requerroit trop de sommes; vous advertissant cependent, qu’on en trouvera l’issue par les deux triangles G C w. |
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|In order to reconcile the reason for this difference, you must understand that the usual means of approaching an adversary in our Training is to always move a bit to the side, that will be described elsewhere, to avoid motion directly along the Diameter, which is very hazardous. Thus it is more necessary to understand the distances of these Instances, which approach from the side, than those which go directly towards the Enemy along the Diameter. In any case, the fact of these differences, which appear in the relative distances between the Second and Third Instances, are, practically, of little import, because the inequality between the two lines in the Second Instance is compensated for in the different positions of the body. For one who approaches, coming to the Lateral Second Instance, turns on the heels, in such a way as to move the body backwards about a half-foot; and in the Diametrical Second Instance, will have his heels further forward and his body in profile, so that the slight interval between these two Instances is equalized by the position of the body. As to the difference between the two Third Instance lines X-N & X-H, this is equalized because when one strikes from the Lateral Third Instance, one leans forward. Thus the range is shortened by as much as the line appears to be longer. | |In order to reconcile the reason for this difference, you must understand that the usual means of approaching an adversary in our Training is to always move a bit to the side, that will be described elsewhere, to avoid motion directly along the Diameter, which is very hazardous. Thus it is more necessary to understand the distances of these Instances, which approach from the side, than those which go directly towards the Enemy along the Diameter. In any case, the fact of these differences, which appear in the relative distances between the Second and Third Instances, are, practically, of little import, because the inequality between the two lines in the Second Instance is compensated for in the different positions of the body. For one who approaches, coming to the Lateral Second Instance, turns on the heels, in such a way as to move the body backwards about a half-foot; and in the Diametrical Second Instance, will have his heels further forward and his body in profile, so that the slight interval between these two Instances is equalized by the position of the body. As to the difference between the two Third Instance lines X-N & X-H, this is equalized because when one strikes from the Lateral Third Instance, one leans forward. Thus the range is shortened by as much as the line appears to be longer. | ||
− | |Pour accorder le different, | + | |Pour accorder le different, sachez que c’est l’ordinaire de nostre Exerice d’aborder le Contraire, en allant tousiours un peu à costé, pour eviter la trace du Diametre, qui est plen de hazard, pour les considerations, qui seront delcarées autrepart. Dont nous estimons, qu’il est plus necessaire de cognoistre les mesures des Instances, qui vont en traverse, que celles qui vont tout droitement sur l’Ennemi par la voye du Diametre. Toutesfois qu’à la verité la difference, qui semble estre entre ces mesures des Instances Secondes & Troisiemes, ne donne point de difference en la Pratique, puis que l’inegalité, qui est entre les deux lignes des Instances Secondes, se recompense par la diverse situation du corps. Car celuy qui fait les approches, venant à la Seconde Instance Laterale, se destourne avec les talons, en sorte qu’il se recule le corps d’un demi pied de longeur en arriere: & estant à la Seconde Instance Diametrale, il tient les talons plus avancez, & le corps tout en pourfil: de sorte que l’intervalle de ces deux Instances en est egalée par la diverse situation de son corps. Et quant à la difference, qui est entre les deux lignes des Instances Troisiemes, assafoir X N, & X H: elles sont egalées par ce que quand on donne l’atteinte à la Troisieme Instance Laterale, cela se fait avec le corps panché en avant. Dont la mesure est racourcie, autant, que la ligne semble estre plus longue. |
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|In sum, these considerations do not diminish the worth of this Circle, as much as they improve it. Because these same difficulties, which are proposed against it, clarify the concurrence with Nature itself, to which our ideas must always refer. | |In sum, these considerations do not diminish the worth of this Circle, as much as they improve it. Because these same difficulties, which are proposed against it, clarify the concurrence with Nature itself, to which our ideas must always refer. | ||
− | |En fin, ces | + | |En fin, ces considerations ne diminuent pas l’estime de nostre Cercle, ains elles l’augmentent; puis que les difficultez mesmes, qui sont proposées alencontre, en esclarcissent davantage la convenance avec la Nature mesme, à laquelle il faut que toutes nos inventions se raportent. |
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|So, to make it easier to remember, here is a Table of measurements of all these Instances and their differences. To begin, for the Lateral Instances, there are | |So, to make it easier to remember, here is a Table of measurements of all these Instances and their differences. To begin, for the Lateral Instances, there are | ||
− | |Or pour vous en confirmer d’autant plus la memoire, voicy un Tableau de la | + | |Or pour vous en confirmer d’autant plus la memoire, voicy un Tableau de la mesure de toutes ces Instances avec leurs aggrandissements. Et premierement pour les Instances Laterales, il y a |
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|Third Instance........About 19.45 Spans | |Third Instance........About 19.45 Spans | ||
− | |Pour la | + | |Pour la Troisieme.....Nombres 19,45@ |
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|For the Instances on the Diameter: | |For the Instances on the Diameter: | ||
− | |Touchant les | + | |Touchant les Instance Diametrales: |
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|Third Instance........About 18.48 Spans | |Third Instance........About 18.48 Spans | ||
− | |Pour la | + | |Pour la Troisieme.....Nombres 18,48@ |
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|As for the tip of the sword, how far it must travel to hit the adversary’s body: | |As for the tip of the sword, how far it must travel to hit the adversary’s body: | ||
− | |Et touchant la pointe de | + | |Et touchant la pointe de l’espee, combien qu’il faut qu’elle chemine, pour toucher le corps contraire: |
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|From the Third Instance..........A half-palm | |From the Third Instance..........A half-palm | ||
− | |A la | + | |A la Troisieme...............Vne demi paulme. |
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|Those who are curious and wish to check these calculations, will find them mathematically accurate, and for those who are only interested simply for practical use can measure the ground. Use a stick as long as the Diameter divided into 24 Spans, each Span divided into 10 Parts, and each Part divided into 10 Minutes. Checking the aforesaid lines against this stick, they will find the correct measurements for our Instances, and by this can be assured of the accuracy of several observations that shall be set out, below. | |Those who are curious and wish to check these calculations, will find them mathematically accurate, and for those who are only interested simply for practical use can measure the ground. Use a stick as long as the Diameter divided into 24 Spans, each Span divided into 10 Parts, and each Part divided into 10 Minutes. Checking the aforesaid lines against this stick, they will find the correct measurements for our Instances, and by this can be assured of the accuracy of several observations that shall be set out, below. | ||
− | |Ceux qui | + | |Ceux qui seront curieux d’examiner ces calculations de plus pres, les trouveront assez accordantes aux regles de la Mathematique, & pour ceux qui n’en quierent que la simple Pratique, ils en pourront prendre la mesure sur le terroir avec un baston de la longeur du Diametre parti en 24.Nombres, & chasqun d’icieux nombres en 10.parties, & les parties on 10.minutes. En appliquant lequel sur lesdites lignes, ils recognoistront les justes mesures de nos Instances, & par icelles se pourront asseurer de la certitude de plusieurs observations, qui seront proposées cy apres. |
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|As for the rest, be advised that, for all practical use, the lines will be enough to provide proper alignments and ranges, even without calculations. | |As for the rest, be advised that, for all practical use, the lines will be enough to provide proper alignments and ranges, even without calculations. | ||
− | |Au | + | |Au reste on vous advertit, qu’on se peut contenter en la Pratique de la seule mesure des lignes, qui donneront assez d’adresse d’elles mesmes, encores qu’elles ne soyent pas calculées. |
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|''Showing the concordance of the Circle, & of the Instances, with Man’s Movements, and so understand accurately timing & reach.'' | |''Showing the concordance of the Circle, & of the Instances, with Man’s Movements, and so understand accurately timing & reach.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''Representent la convenance de Cercle, & des Instances, avec les Mouvements de l’Homme, pour en cognoistre la justesse du Temps, & de leur portee.'' |
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|In the plane of Circle No 5 we first show the proportions of Man, the same as in Circle No 1, even though the figure is inverted, head downwards & feet upwards, to demonstrate that the aforesaid proportions remain the same, whether starting from one end of the Diameter or the other. | |In the plane of Circle No 5 we first show the proportions of Man, the same as in Circle No 1, even though the figure is inverted, head downwards & feet upwards, to demonstrate that the aforesaid proportions remain the same, whether starting from one end of the Diameter or the other. | ||
− | |Au plan de ce Cercle N.5, | + | |Au plan de ce Cercle N.5, sont representées en premier lieu les proportions de l’Homme, toutes les mesmes qu’au Cercle N.1, y estant toutesfois la figure de la personne renversée, la teste embas, & les pieds en haut, pour demonstrer, que lesdites proportions demeurent jousiours immobiles, tant à commencer de l’un bout du Diametre, que de l’autre. |
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|The same figure demonstrates that the distance for the First Instance is equal to the extended height of the person. As well, the distance of the Second Instance is equal the natural stature from sole of the feet to the top of the head. And the distance of the Third to the height of the chest, which is also shown in the preceeding Circle. | |The same figure demonstrates that the distance for the First Instance is equal to the extended height of the person. As well, the distance of the Second Instance is equal the natural stature from sole of the feet to the top of the head. And the distance of the Third to the height of the chest, which is also shown in the preceeding Circle. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il est aussi demonstré par la mesme figure, que l’intervalle de la Premiere Instance, est egale à la hauteur estendue de la personne: Pareillement, que l’intervale de la Seconde Instance est egale à la stature naturelle du corps depuis la plante des pieds jusqu’au sommet de la teste: Et l’intervalle de la Troisiesme à la hauteur de la poitrine, comme aussi il a esté demonstré au Cercle precedent. |
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|Furthermore, there are three inscriptions running around the circle. The first, running along the entire Circumference, says that one must move the entire arm when striking from the First Instance. The second, which is the middle one, says one need only move from the elbow to do the same from the Second. And the third, which likewise corresponds to the Third Instance, that from here one need only use the wrist. For as much as it requires effort to raise the sword and arm up high, when the body stays withdrawn, as it is in the First Instance. When the sword descends it moves forward and gets closer but this is with the advantage of natural motion, which is dropping to break and counter all the adversary’s initiatives. But in the Second and Third Instances, the body is so close that if he were to move his entire arm, he would be entrely uncovered and completely give the initiative to his adversary, which would be wholly inevitable danger, were he to try it. And so, in the one only the movment of the elbow can be allowed and in the other no more than the wrist. | |Furthermore, there are three inscriptions running around the circle. The first, running along the entire Circumference, says that one must move the entire arm when striking from the First Instance. The second, which is the middle one, says one need only move from the elbow to do the same from the Second. And the third, which likewise corresponds to the Third Instance, that from here one need only use the wrist. For as much as it requires effort to raise the sword and arm up high, when the body stays withdrawn, as it is in the First Instance. When the sword descends it moves forward and gets closer but this is with the advantage of natural motion, which is dropping to break and counter all the adversary’s initiatives. But in the Second and Third Instances, the body is so close that if he were to move his entire arm, he would be entrely uncovered and completely give the initiative to his adversary, which would be wholly inevitable danger, were he to try it. And so, in the one only the movment of the elbow can be allowed and in the other no more than the wrist. | ||
− | |Il y a davantage en | + | |Il y a davantage en cesty cy trois escriteaux, qui vont en rond. Le premier, costoyant toute la Circonference, & signifiant qu’il est loisible de mouvoir le bras entier, pour mener sur l’Ennemi un coup de taille depuis la Premiere Instance. Le seconde, qui est celuy du milieu, contient en substance, qu’on ne doit mouvoir que le coude tant seulement, pour faire le mesme à la Seconde. Et le troisiesme, qui respond pareillement sur la Troisiesme Instance, qu’en icelle on ne le peut faire, sinon seulement du poignet de la main. Car encore que l’espee & le bras montent en haut avec un movemēt violent, si est ce que le corps demeure esloigné tandis qu’il est en sa Premiere Instance, & quand l’espee vient à descendre, il s’avance & approche, mais c’est avec l’avantage du mouvement naturel, qui est bastant à rompre & dompter toutes les entreprinses contraires. Mais à la Seconde & Troisiesme Instance le corps est si pres, que tout autant qu’il se descouvre, & autant de temps qu’il accorde à son Contraire de faire quelque entrepinse, ce sont tout autant de dangers inevitables, où il se hazarde. Et partant, en l’une il n’est permis de mouvoir que le coude, & en l’autre non plus que le poignet. |
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|The variety of situations comes from the inequality of the spaces between the two Opponents, which means one has more or fewer options to change or modify one’s movements. Which is a general warning to students never to attempt to do anything that he can only succeed in doing by chance. And at all the Distances, where he finds himself, that he holds himself always on guard against beginning something which cannot do confidently. This is worth exploring in more detail. | |The variety of situations comes from the inequality of the spaces between the two Opponents, which means one has more or fewer options to change or modify one’s movements. Which is a general warning to students never to attempt to do anything that he can only succeed in doing by chance. And at all the Distances, where he finds himself, that he holds himself always on guard against beginning something which cannot do confidently. This is worth exploring in more detail. | ||
− | |La | + | |La diversité procede de l’inegalité de l’espace qui demeure entre les deux Contraires, suivant laquelle on a plus ou moins de loisir pour changer où moderer ses mouvements. Qui est un advertissement general au disciple, afin qu’il n’entreprenne jamais de faire, ce qui ne peut reussir à bien, que par hazard; & en toutes les Distances, où il se trouve, qu’il se tienne tousiours sur ses gardes, pour ne commencer chose qui ne soit conjoinćte avec assurance. Or il vaut la peine de declarer ceste matiere un peu distinćtement. |
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|As I have said, that anyone who would strike from the First Instance must move his tip an entire arm’s length: which is a distance so long that one has ample time to turn the entire arm aside, and even to bring the hand above the head, and to change position in time to interrupt any of the Opponent’s actions before he can move his tip such a long distance. | |As I have said, that anyone who would strike from the First Instance must move his tip an entire arm’s length: which is a distance so long that one has ample time to turn the entire arm aside, and even to bring the hand above the head, and to change position in time to interrupt any of the Opponent’s actions before he can move his tip such a long distance. | ||
− | |Nous avons dit, que celuy qui nous veut atteindre depuis la Permiere | + | |Nous avons dit, que celuy qui nous veut atteindre depuis la Permiere Instance, qu’il luy convient avancer sa poinćte de la longeur entiere de nostre bras: qui est une espace si grande qu’on y a loisir de tourner & virer le bras entier, & mener mesme la main par dessus la teste, & de changer tousiours à temps pour empescher l’effet de l’entreprinse du Contraire, avant que sa pointe puisse achever une si longue course. |
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|In the Second Instance, to hit the opponents body, requires no more than a foot distance and it is inadvisable in such dangerous circumstances to move the hand off the centre-line, as happens when using the entire arm to carry the movement. Which is why, to guard against surprises one must not make any movements larger than those that come from the elbow, which shall be explored more exactly in the Practical discussion. | |In the Second Instance, to hit the opponents body, requires no more than a foot distance and it is inadvisable in such dangerous circumstances to move the hand off the centre-line, as happens when using the entire arm to carry the movement. Which is why, to guard against surprises one must not make any movements larger than those that come from the elbow, which shall be explored more exactly in the Practical discussion. | ||
− | |A la Seconde | + | |A la Seconde Instance pour toucher le corps contraire, il ne faut qu’environ un pied de longeur, de façon qu’il n’est pas loisible en un danger si evident d’escarter la main hors de presence, comme il en advient quant on le transporte avec le movement du bras entier. Parquoy pour s’assurer contre les surprinses, il n’y faut point faire de plus grands mouvements, que ne sont ceux qui procedent du coude, en y apportant mesmes la circonspećtion requise, de quoy sera parlé plus exaćtement en la Practique. |
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|In the Third Instance, one can be hit with the smallest move. It is clear that at so close a distance no movement of the sword other than with the wrist can be permitted; for if one opens oneself up, for no matter how small a time, one cannot avoid being hit, if the Opponent takes full advantage of the opening he is given. | |In the Third Instance, one can be hit with the smallest move. It is clear that at so close a distance no movement of the sword other than with the wrist can be permitted; for if one opens oneself up, for no matter how small a time, one cannot avoid being hit, if the Opponent takes full advantage of the opening he is given. | ||
− | |A la | + | |A la Troisieme Instance on est atteint avec le moindre avancement du monde. Dont il appert clairement, qu’en une si petite distance il n’est aucunement permis de faire autre mouvement avec l’espee, que du poignet tant seulement: car si on se forligne, pour peu que ce soit, on ne pourra eviter de recevoir l’atteinte, si le Contraire prend bonne garde à l’occasion, qui luy en est donnée. |
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|All that has been said about close hits applies to long, hard strikes. This observation gives us the skill to adjust our timing according to the distance as we approach. | |All that has been said about close hits applies to long, hard strikes. This observation gives us the skill to adjust our timing according to the distance as we approach. | ||
− | |Ce que nout | + | |Ce que nout disons de coups de taille, soit aussi entendu à l’advenant des estocades. Car c’est l’observation, qui nous donne l’adresse de modere touts les movements à l’advenant du temps. |
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|In conclusion, the Circle is the foundation of the science of Arms; it is this that allows us to perceive all the dangers which might present themselves during a fight, guides our movements, focuses our intentions, gives assurance to our steps, and from which proceeds all the rest of the demonstrations that follow, and that we shall use to serve us, during the perilous voyage of our Training, as sailors use a compass and map to avoid the shoals and sandbanks of the sea, and so, in the end, arrive safely in the intended port. All good and secure offence and defence derives from this point of origin and for this good reason it can be called the Key to Training. For just as a key has three jobs: to open, close, and guard, so does this figure, which opens for us the means to attack, and to defend by closing the door to attacks by the Adversary, & furnishes us with protection, like a solid rampart, against all disruptive moves, a job which it accomplishes and effectively guards us, as Practical Training shall prove. | |In conclusion, the Circle is the foundation of the science of Arms; it is this that allows us to perceive all the dangers which might present themselves during a fight, guides our movements, focuses our intentions, gives assurance to our steps, and from which proceeds all the rest of the demonstrations that follow, and that we shall use to serve us, during the perilous voyage of our Training, as sailors use a compass and map to avoid the shoals and sandbanks of the sea, and so, in the end, arrive safely in the intended port. All good and secure offence and defence derives from this point of origin and for this good reason it can be called the Key to Training. For just as a key has three jobs: to open, close, and guard, so does this figure, which opens for us the means to attack, and to defend by closing the door to attacks by the Adversary, & furnishes us with protection, like a solid rampart, against all disruptive moves, a job which it accomplishes and effectively guards us, as Practical Training shall prove. | ||
− | |Pour | + | |Pour conclusion, le Cercle c’est le fondement de la Science des Armes; c’est celuy qui nous descouvre touts les dangers, qui se peuvent presenter par tout le discours d’une bataille; guide de nos mouvements, adresse des intentions, asseurance des pas, duquel aussi tout le reste des demonstrations suivantes procede, & duquel on se servira parmy les perilleuses vagues de cest Exercise, comme les Matelots de la bussole, & d’une bonne carte Marine, pour eviter les esceuils & bancs de mer, & en fin parvenir au repos au port qu’ils se proposent. Toute bonne & seure offension & defense prend d’icy son origine, en sorte qu’à bon droit peut il estre appellé la Clef de l’Exercice. Car ainsi qu’une clef a trois offices, sçavoir Ouvrir, Fermer, & Garder, aussi est ce ceste figure, dont l’usage nous ouvre la maniere d’assaillir & de defendre, ferme la porte aux intentions & entrepinses du Contraire, & nous munit, comme d’un solide rempart, contre touts ses mouvements desordonnez, en quoy elle accompit l’office & l’effećt de nous contregarder; ainsi que la Pratique en fera l’espreuve. |
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|Enough has been said describing the Circle. Now let us turn our attention to the Sword and it’s correct length, which is proportional and fits with all movements of the human body, and is consequently the best size of all. | |Enough has been said describing the Circle. Now let us turn our attention to the Sword and it’s correct length, which is proportional and fits with all movements of the human body, and is consequently the best size of all. | ||
− | |A tant | + | |A tant soit assez dit de la declaration du Cercle. Parlons maintenant de l’Espee, & de sa juste longeur, qui soit proportionée & convenable à touts les mouvements du corps humain, & par consequent aussi la meilleure de toutes. |
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|It is amazing how, among those who make a living in the profession of Martial Arts, and who have published writings to the world, so few concern themselves with this matter, principally because this comes up in the constant discussions on the advantages of longer or shorter swords against each other, and because all confidence concerning timing and range, the two most important aspects of Training, depends absolutely on this knowledge, and because we use the sword to execute almost every move, in attack as in defence, it must follow that if the range and size are not well known, all moves become uncertain and hazardous. | |It is amazing how, among those who make a living in the profession of Martial Arts, and who have published writings to the world, so few concern themselves with this matter, principally because this comes up in the constant discussions on the advantages of longer or shorter swords against each other, and because all confidence concerning timing and range, the two most important aspects of Training, depends absolutely on this knowledge, and because we use the sword to execute almost every move, in attack as in defence, it must follow that if the range and size are not well known, all moves become uncertain and hazardous. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est merveille, qu’entre ceux, qui ont fait tout le temps de leur vie profession des Armes, & en ont publié des escrits parmy le Monde, il s’en trouve si peu qui touchent à ceste matiere: & principalement puis qu’il se presente journellemēt à discourir touchant l’avantage des espees longues ou courtes les unes contre les autres; & que de ceste seule cognoissance depend toute lasseurance des temps & des mesures, deux parties principales de l’Exercice: & puis que c’est l’espee, qui fait quasi seule toutes les executions, tant en assaut qu’en defense, il s’ensuit necessairemēt, que la mesure & la portee en estant incognue, toutes les operations en deviennent incertaines & hazardeuses. |
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|Nontheless, there are a few who discuss this and who determine proper sword-length, but for the the most part, as cowards, who use very long blades to stay at a distance, than to show any real science of arms. And such is the opinion of those who swear that the length of the blade should be two arms length, so that if the point were put into the ground beside a man, the crosspiece would come to the armpit; which is, in effect, more like the length of the Espadon [great-sword], than a sword: other than this would necessarily be as annoying and inconvenient to wear at the side, as it would be to draw from the scabbard, as it would be dangerous and clumsy to use. | |Nontheless, there are a few who discuss this and who determine proper sword-length, but for the the most part, as cowards, who use very long blades to stay at a distance, than to show any real science of arms. And such is the opinion of those who swear that the length of the blade should be two arms length, so that if the point were put into the ground beside a man, the crosspiece would come to the armpit; which is, in effect, more like the length of the Espadon [great-sword], than a sword: other than this would necessarily be as annoying and inconvenient to wear at the side, as it would be to draw from the scabbard, as it would be dangerous and clumsy to use. | ||
− | |Toutesfois il s’en | + | |Toutesfois il s’en est trouvé quelques uns, qui en ont voulu parler, & ont mesmes determiné la mesure de l’espee; mais plustost à l’appetit de quelques couards, qui se plaisent à des armes fort longues, pour demeurer tousiours en distance, que par aucune vraye demōstration de Science. Et telle est l’opinion de ceux qui veulent, que les lames doivent estre egales à deux bras entiers, de sorte que la pointe estant mise à costé de l’homme en terre, le pommeau de la guarde luy vienne à toucher l’aixelle; qui est en effet plustost la longeur d’un Espadon, que d’une Espee : outre ce qu’elle sera necessairement aussi malfeant et incommode, tant à porter au costé, que pour tirer hors du fourreau, comme dangereuse & peu manniable en l’usage. |
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|Leaving aside for the moment all other considerations which we could bring up on the subject of the correct size of the Sword, besides those of the most convenient and advantageous use and handling, I will say that there are times when a longer or shorter sword is better. And yet, to answer the question as to determine a length, it should be between these two extremes, in the middle; not too short against long swords, nor likewise too long against short swords, and such that it is always easy to handle however one wishes. And because of this, as it means that the length should be proportional to the person, we have taken the size from his own body. Everyone should have his weapons sized proportionally to their own person. Thus the size of the Sword should be such that the length of the blade from the tip to the crosspiece is equal to half the Diameter, that is to say, if the tip is placed on the ground between the feet, the crosspiece of the handguard will come up to the navel, just as explained in Circle No 1, and the more exactly one can achieve this, the better, for many reasons. So there are ten small figures, labelled with letters A to K along the edges of the Plate, which will serve, for now, as a practice guide; the meaning of these follows. | |Leaving aside for the moment all other considerations which we could bring up on the subject of the correct size of the Sword, besides those of the most convenient and advantageous use and handling, I will say that there are times when a longer or shorter sword is better. And yet, to answer the question as to determine a length, it should be between these two extremes, in the middle; not too short against long swords, nor likewise too long against short swords, and such that it is always easy to handle however one wishes. And because of this, as it means that the length should be proportional to the person, we have taken the size from his own body. Everyone should have his weapons sized proportionally to their own person. Thus the size of the Sword should be such that the length of the blade from the tip to the crosspiece is equal to half the Diameter, that is to say, if the tip is placed on the ground between the feet, the crosspiece of the handguard will come up to the navel, just as explained in Circle No 1, and the more exactly one can achieve this, the better, for many reasons. So there are ten small figures, labelled with letters A to K along the edges of the Plate, which will serve, for now, as a practice guide; the meaning of these follows. | ||
− | | | + | |Laissant donc presentement à costé toutes autres considerations, qu’on pourroit mettre en avant touchant la vraye Mesure de l’Espee, horsmis celle de l’usage & du maniement le plus commode & le plus avantageux, je di, qu’il y a des occasions plus favorables pour les espees longues, & des autres qui le sont plus pour les courtes. Et par tant s’il est question de luy assigner une mesure, qu’il la faut mettre entre les deux extremes, si bien qu’elle soit mediocre; non trop courte contre les espees longues, ne pareillemēt trop longue contre les espees courtes, & qu’elle soit en toutes occasions maniable à souhait. Et puis qu’il faut necessairement qu’une telle longueur soit proportionnée à la personne mesme, nous l’avons tirée & demonstrée hors de la mesure de son corps; & voulons que chascun ait ses armes proportionnée à l’advenant de sa propre personne. Dont la mesure de l’Espee sera telle, que la longueur de sa lame depuis la pointe jusques à la croisee, soit egale au demi Diametre; c’est assavoir, que la pointe estant mise en terre entre le creux de ses deux pieds, les branches de la garde luy viennent à respondre justement sur la haueur de nombril; cōme il se voit exprimé au Cercle N. 1. Et le plus exaćtement qu’on le pourra pratiquer, ce sera le meilleur, pour diverses raisons; dont nous avons mis icy par provision des dix petites figures, marquées de lettres suivant l’ordre alphabetique depuis l’A jusques au K au long des bords du Tableau, qui en serviront pour le present de preuve: & en est la signification telle que s’ensuit. |
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|In any case, before the explanation, you should know that the proportions of the images of these people represented by the said figures, are drawn from and adjusted to the measure of the two small Circles I & K set on the plane of the pavement at the bottom of the Table. About this, if there arise any doubts, and to be entirely certain, one may measure the figures with a compass, and find the natural body height of each of these persons will be the same as the line C-V; the size of their swords, like the half Diametre; and the length of their arms, like C-H. | |In any case, before the explanation, you should know that the proportions of the images of these people represented by the said figures, are drawn from and adjusted to the measure of the two small Circles I & K set on the plane of the pavement at the bottom of the Table. About this, if there arise any doubts, and to be entirely certain, one may measure the figures with a compass, and find the natural body height of each of these persons will be the same as the line C-V; the size of their swords, like the half Diametre; and the length of their arms, like C-H. | ||
− | |Toutesfois avāt l’explication je vous adverti, que le proportions des images de ces | + | |Toutesfois avāt l’explication je vous adverti, que le proportions des images de ces persōnes representées par lesdites figures, sont tirées & adjustées sur la mesure de ces deux petits Cercles I & K, couchez sur le plan du pavé au bas de la Table. Touchant quoy, pour en avoir pleine intelligence, & pour l’explictation des doutes, qui en pourrouyent sourdre, il sera expedient de les mesurer au compas. Car la hauteur naturelle des corps de cascune de ce dites personnes sera comme la ligne CV; la mesure de leurs Espees, comme le demi Dimametre; & la longeur du bras, comme CH. |
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|To begin with Figure A, here we see that the length that we have determined for the sword does not bother anyone, whether in casual conversations, or in a crowd, or moving through narrow passages, or similar situations where one would ordinarily be encumbered by a sidearm. On the contrary, with a blade of this length, and in a belt and hanger, of a design which we shall show in the following Plate, drawing the handle towards oneself with the right hand, the point by itself falls perpendicularly to the ground beside the person, the hilt a little forward, together with the handle falls in its proper place, on the hip, at the height of the navel, when one moves the left foot a half-pace forward, one can comfortably rest the elbow and in fact the left side on it; as such it serves as a rest, rather than an encumbrance like all other swords not proportionally sized. | |To begin with Figure A, here we see that the length that we have determined for the sword does not bother anyone, whether in casual conversations, or in a crowd, or moving through narrow passages, or similar situations where one would ordinarily be encumbered by a sidearm. On the contrary, with a blade of this length, and in a belt and hanger, of a design which we shall show in the following Plate, drawing the handle towards oneself with the right hand, the point by itself falls perpendicularly to the ground beside the person, the hilt a little forward, together with the handle falls in its proper place, on the hip, at the height of the navel, when one moves the left foot a half-pace forward, one can comfortably rest the elbow and in fact the left side on it; as such it serves as a rest, rather than an encumbrance like all other swords not proportionally sized. | ||
− | |Pour le premier il | + | |Pour le premier il est representé par cest figure A, que la longueur, que nous mettons pour l’Espee, ne donne point de fascherie à la personne, quād on est en conversation avec des gens, ou qu’on se trouve en la foule, ou cheminant par des estroits passages, ou en semblable occasions, esquelles on est ordinairement embarassé par les armes qu’on porte. Au contraire estant la lame de ceste longueur, que nous luy avons assignée, & la portant à costé avec un tel ceinturon & pēdant d’espee, qu’il sera domonstré en la Table suivante, moyennant qu’on tire la garde devers soy avec la main droite, la pointe viendra à tomber d’elle mesme perpendiculairement en terre à costé de la personne, un peu devant, ensemble aussi la garde en viendra à se mettre en sa juste place, si bien à point, & à l’egal de la hauteur du nombril, qu’en avançant le pied gauche environ d’un demi pas, on aura la commodité de reposer le coude, & ensemble tout le costé gauche du corps dessus; en sorte qu’elle servira d’un appuy, plustost que de nous empescher, comme font necessairement toutes les espees, qui n’ont pas la longueur proportionée. |
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|The same length of sword is also very convenient for drawing the blade. For, as shall be explained in the next Table, and as the Circle itself shows, when carrying the sword on a belt & hanging as described, the guard comes slightly forward beside the hip, the scabbard angles towards the rear; each at its correct height, and so one may easily use both hands at the same time, with the left hand grips the scabbard just below the guard and the right hand reaches circularly across in front to grip the handle, in a way that requires no other preparation, no twisting the body, as we ordinarily see done by others, as if they had to search for their sword, or as if it were not properly attached to their side, a very clumsy, if common, arrangement. | |The same length of sword is also very convenient for drawing the blade. For, as shall be explained in the next Table, and as the Circle itself shows, when carrying the sword on a belt & hanging as described, the guard comes slightly forward beside the hip, the scabbard angles towards the rear; each at its correct height, and so one may easily use both hands at the same time, with the left hand grips the scabbard just below the guard and the right hand reaches circularly across in front to grip the handle, in a way that requires no other preparation, no twisting the body, as we ordinarily see done by others, as if they had to search for their sword, or as if it were not properly attached to their side, a very clumsy, if common, arrangement. | ||
− | |La | + | |La mesme longueur d’espee est aussi tres commode pour le desgainement. Car en la portant avec le ceinturon & le pendent de nostre description, qui sera proposé au prochain Tableau suivant, & que le Cercle mesme demonstre; la garde en vient un peu en avant à costé du corps, le fourreau tirant vers le derriere; chascun en sa juste hauteur, & en telle sorte qu’on peut travailler à son aise en un mesme temps de la main droite & de la gauche, en portant la main gauche embas, pour empoigner le fourreau pres de la garde, & la droite circulairement en avant, pour prendre l’espee, sans aucune autre preparation, ne sans courber le corps, comme on voit faire ordinairement aux autres, quasi comme s’il la falloit cercher, ou qu’elle ne fust assez à commandement attachée au flanc de celuy qui la porte. chose qui est de tres mauvaise grace, encor qu’elle soit assez commune. |
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|Next we see the operation of drawing the sword, which, we shall describe more fully in Plate III with all the various circumstances and reasons for which, in drawing the sword, one is constrained to raise one’s hand and arm as high as possible, even to raise the right leg, or any other bodily action, which may even include opening the fingers, to raise the hand sufficiently to clear the scabbard. All of which are necessary to assist in drawing because of the length of the blade. Thus it is apparent that our size of blade is so large that it could not be made longer without causing considerable inconvenience. | |Next we see the operation of drawing the sword, which, we shall describe more fully in Plate III with all the various circumstances and reasons for which, in drawing the sword, one is constrained to raise one’s hand and arm as high as possible, even to raise the right leg, or any other bodily action, which may even include opening the fingers, to raise the hand sufficiently to clear the scabbard. All of which are necessary to assist in drawing because of the length of the blade. Thus it is apparent that our size of blade is so large that it could not be made longer without causing considerable inconvenience. | ||
− | | | + | |S’ensuit l’operation mesme du desgainement, que nous descrirons plus particulierement au Tableau III. avec toutes ses circonstances, & les raisons, pour lesquelles en faisant le desgainement on est contraint de hausser le bras, ensemble avec la main, tant qu’il est possible, mesmes de lever aussi la jambe droite, & d’accomoder toutes les aćtions du corps, à celle fin que la main puisse monter à suffisance, pour laquelle mesme consideration il convient aussi ouvrir les doigts. Lesquelles choses sont toutes necessaires à cause de ceste longueur de la lame, qui a besoin d’estre assistée de toutes ces aides. Dont it appert que nostre mesure de lame est si grande, qu’elle ne pourroit estre de plus sans des notables incommoditez. |
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|So, as this blade length is equal to the lower half of the extended body, from the soles of the feet to the navel, it is also equal to the upper half, from the navel to the highest that the hand can be raised above the head and as we see from the figure these two halves are equal. This is easy to show, as it is here. If we put the tip on the ground with one end of the crosspiece on the navel, and rotate the the tip upwards around the crosspiece, one will find the tip is as high as one’s fingers can reach. | |So, as this blade length is equal to the lower half of the extended body, from the soles of the feet to the navel, it is also equal to the upper half, from the navel to the highest that the hand can be raised above the head and as we see from the figure these two halves are equal. This is easy to show, as it is here. If we put the tip on the ground with one end of the crosspiece on the navel, and rotate the the tip upwards around the crosspiece, one will find the tip is as high as one’s fingers can reach. | ||
− | |Or tout | + | |Or tout ainsi que ceste mesure est egale à la partie inferieure du corps estendu, depuis la plante des pieds jusqu’à la hauteur du nombril, aussi l’est elle pareillement à la partie superieur, depuis le nombril en sus jusques au plus haut que la main peut atteindre, comme on voit en la figure que ces deux parties sont egales en longeur; aussi la preuve en est facile, comme elle est icy representée. Car en mettant la pointe de l’espee en terre avec l’une des branches de la croix sur le nombril, & tournant en apres la pointe droitement en haut, l’on trouvera, qu’elle viendra au plus haut qu’on pourra toucher du bout des doights. |
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|And thus it can be seen once again, that the size of the blade is equal to half of the extended length of a person, and equal to the radius of our Circle, taking the navel for the Centre and the extended length as the the Diameter. | |And thus it can be seen once again, that the size of the blade is equal to half of the extended length of a person, and equal to the radius of our Circle, taking the navel for the Centre and the extended length as the the Diameter. | ||
− | |Et voilà comme il appert derechef, que la | + | |Et voilà comme il appert derechef, que la mesure de la lame est egale à la juste moitié de la longueur estendu de la personne, & pareillement au demi-Diametre de nostre Cercle, prenant le nombril pour le Centre, & la longueure estendue pour le Diametre. |
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|As for the natural height of a person from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, this can also be measured and is here shown to be measured with the sword. For if we grip the handle in the style of our training, about which we shall discuss more later, and one extends the sword and arm in a straight line, as we can see with one of these two persons, keeping the tip, the guard, and the shoulder at the same height, the line of the sword and arm, from the tip to the shoulder or the armpit, will be found to be equal to the height of the person. If one wishes proof, take a long stick or half-lance, and measure the distance from the tip of the blade to the armpit, then place the end of the stick on the ground between the feet and and stand it upright. It will be found that the measurement is exactly the size of the person. | |As for the natural height of a person from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, this can also be measured and is here shown to be measured with the sword. For if we grip the handle in the style of our training, about which we shall discuss more later, and one extends the sword and arm in a straight line, as we can see with one of these two persons, keeping the tip, the guard, and the shoulder at the same height, the line of the sword and arm, from the tip to the shoulder or the armpit, will be found to be equal to the height of the person. If one wishes proof, take a long stick or half-lance, and measure the distance from the tip of the blade to the armpit, then place the end of the stick on the ground between the feet and and stand it upright. It will be found that the measurement is exactly the size of the person. | ||
− | |Quant à la hauteur naturelle de la | + | |Quant à la hauteur naturelle de la personne depuis la plante des pieds jusques au sommet de la teste, icelle se peut aussi mesurer, & est icy representée à mesurer avec l’espee. Car si on la prend au poing suivant le stile de cestuy nostre Exercice, dont il sera parlé cy apres, & qu’on l’estende ensembe avec le bras en droite ligne, ainsi qu’il se voit en l’une de ces deux personnes, tenant la point, & la garde, & l’espaule en egale hauteur; la ligne de l’espee avec le bras, depuis la pointe de la lame jusques à l’espaule ou à l’aixelle, sera trouvée egale à la stature de la personne. Si vous en demandez la preuve, prenez un long baston ou un demie lance, et en mesurez de longeur depuis la pointe de la lame jusques a l’aixelle: puis appliquez ceste mesme ligne à la hauteur de la personne, mettant le susdite baston entre le creux de ses deux pieds, & le dressant tout drout contre le corps pour le mesurer. Et ce faisant sera trouvé, que la mesure en accordera justement à la hauteur de la personne. |
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|Now we shall prove that this same length of sword can be increased or shortened, according to the reach of various distances, depending on where one is. This is shown by the three following figures, F, G, & H, the first of which, marked F, shows how the arm and sword extended out in a straight line is the longest reach of all positions, as long as the body position does not change, of course. If one stands erect on both legs, neither leaning forwards, nor backwards, and one extends the sword and straightens the arm in a line, that is, with the tip and the guard at shoulder height, one will reach further forward than if one raises or lowers the tip. For one cannot do either without the tip following a curve along a circumference, which is also shown in the figure. By which it is evident that the more the tip rises or lowers, the further it moves from the nearest point of contact. | |Now we shall prove that this same length of sword can be increased or shortened, according to the reach of various distances, depending on where one is. This is shown by the three following figures, F, G, & H, the first of which, marked F, shows how the arm and sword extended out in a straight line is the longest reach of all positions, as long as the body position does not change, of course. If one stands erect on both legs, neither leaning forwards, nor backwards, and one extends the sword and straightens the arm in a line, that is, with the tip and the guard at shoulder height, one will reach further forward than if one raises or lowers the tip. For one cannot do either without the tip following a curve along a circumference, which is also shown in the figure. By which it is evident that the more the tip rises or lowers, the further it moves from the nearest point of contact. | ||
− | |Maintenant nous proverons, que | + | |Maintenant nous proverons, que ceste mesme longueur d’espee est capable de s’allonger, & de se raccoucir, selon la mesure des distances, où on se trouve. Ce que nous ferons paroistre par les trois figures suivantes, F.G.H. dont la premiere, qui porte la marque d’un F. represente, que la droite ligne, qu’on fait avec l’espee & le bras estendu, est la plus longue de toutes celles qui peuvent estre faites avec ladite espee, à condition toutesfois, que le corps demeure en une mesme posture. Car si on se tient droit sur ses jambes, sans que le corps s’avance, ne se recule, & qu’on estende le bras avec l’espee en droite ligne, c’est à dire, mettant la garde & la pointe justement en la hauteur de l’espaule; on attendra plus avant, que si la pointe monte, ou qu’elle s’abaisse. Car elle ne peut faire ne l’un ne l’autre, sinon en allent courbe, à la maniere d’une circonference, comme il est aussi representé en la figure. Par la quelle il est evident, que d’autant plus que la pointe continue à monter ou à descendre, d’autant plus elle s’escarte du plus prochain endroit de l’attouchement |
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|To be more precise, we divide the blade into 12 Spans, with the length of the arm at about 8 Spans, and the elbow, which is almost in the middle of the arm, at about 4 Spans long. So, the blade can rise or descend in a circular arc three ways; through the movement of the entire arm, by the movement of the elbow, or by the movement of just the wrist. It follows in the first case when one moves the entire arm, that the centre of this circle is at the shoulder, and consequently, the radius, which determines this arc of circumference, rising or descending, is the line of the sword together with the entire arm, which together equals about 20 Spans. In the second case, moving from the elbow, the centre is at the elbow, the length of the radius is 12 Spans plus 4 Spans, which together makes 16 Spans. In the third case, when one moves only from the wrist, the centre is the person’s fist, only the blade moves, which makes a radius of 12 Spans. Now everyone, with any knowledge of mathematics, knows that the circumference of a circle is proportional to its radius: and these become shorter; also, therefore a radius of 20 is greater than 16, and that of 16 greater than the third which is 12. It follows that, raising or lowering the tip with just the wrist, shortens our distance to the tip, more than if one uses the elbow, and with the elbow likewise more than using the entire arm. | |To be more precise, we divide the blade into 12 Spans, with the length of the arm at about 8 Spans, and the elbow, which is almost in the middle of the arm, at about 4 Spans long. So, the blade can rise or descend in a circular arc three ways; through the movement of the entire arm, by the movement of the elbow, or by the movement of just the wrist. It follows in the first case when one moves the entire arm, that the centre of this circle is at the shoulder, and consequently, the radius, which determines this arc of circumference, rising or descending, is the line of the sword together with the entire arm, which together equals about 20 Spans. In the second case, moving from the elbow, the centre is at the elbow, the length of the radius is 12 Spans plus 4 Spans, which together makes 16 Spans. In the third case, when one moves only from the wrist, the centre is the person’s fist, only the blade moves, which makes a radius of 12 Spans. Now everyone, with any knowledge of mathematics, knows that the circumference of a circle is proportional to its radius: and these become shorter; also, therefore a radius of 20 is greater than 16, and that of 16 greater than the third which is 12. It follows that, raising or lowering the tip with just the wrist, shortens our distance to the tip, more than if one uses the elbow, and with the elbow likewise more than using the entire arm. | ||
− | |Pour en parler plus exaćtement, | + | |Pour en parler plus exaćtement, sachez que nous partissons la lame in 12. Nombres, dont la mesure du bras en contient aussi environ 8. en sorte que le coude, qui en est quasi la juste moitié, en revient comme à 4. Nombres. Or est il que la pointe de l’espee peut monter ou descendre circulairement en trois sortes; assavoir par le mouvement du bras entier, par le mouvemēt du coude, ou par le mouvement du seul poignet de la main. Dont il s’ensuit au premier sens quand on fait le mouvement du bras entier, que le centre d’iceluy gist en l’espaule, & par consequent, le demi-Diametre, qui doit faire la susdite circonference, montante ou descendante, c’est la ligne de l’espee ensemble avec le bras entier, qui font ensemble bien pres de 20. Nombres. Et au second, en faisant le mouvement du coude, le centre estant au coude, la longueur de la ligne totale contient 12. & 4. qui font ensemble 16. Et pour le troisieme, quand on fait le mouvement du seul poignet, le centre estant le poing de la personne, il n’y a que la lame seule, qui fait 12. Nombres pour la ligne du demi-Diametre. Maintenant chascun, qui a quelque intelligence des Mathematiques, sçait que les circonferences sont proportionelles à leurs demi-Diametres: & que les circonferences se raccourcissent à l’advenant: & partant puis que le demi-Diametre 20. est plus grand que celuy de 16. & celuy de 16. plus grand que le troisieme de 12. il s’ensuit qu’en haussāt ou abaissant la pointe, du poignet de la main tant seulement, on raccourcit le chemin de la pointe, qui est la circonference plus, qu’on le faisant du coude: & avec le coude pareillement plus, qu’en faisant le mouvement avec le bras entier. |
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|It would be very easy to mathematically calculate the differences of distance, but it is enough to show only one small example, from which it will be very simple to understand the rest that follows. | |It would be very easy to mathematically calculate the differences of distance, but it is enough to show only one small example, from which it will be very simple to understand the rest that follows. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il seroit bien aisé de calculer par raison Mathematique, combien ces differences portent: mais il nous suffira d’en proposer seulement un petit exemple, par le quel is sera facile d’entendre aussi à l’advenant le reste. |
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|Take the case where the tip of the sword is raised using just the wrist, so that the centre of motion is the hand, and consequently the radius is only the length of the sword, making 12 Spans and suppose the tip rises likewise a distance of 12 Spans along the circumference; drop a line perpendicularly from the tip to the ground and one will find the line 12 Spans long shortened by 6 Spans, that is, by half. | |Take the case where the tip of the sword is raised using just the wrist, so that the centre of motion is the hand, and consequently the radius is only the length of the sword, making 12 Spans and suppose the tip rises likewise a distance of 12 Spans along the circumference; drop a line perpendicularly from the tip to the ground and one will find the line 12 Spans long shortened by 6 Spans, that is, by half. | ||
− | | | + | |Posons donc le cas, qu’on hausse la pointe de l’espee du seul poignet; en sorte que le centre de l’ascension soit en la main, & par consequent le demi-Diametre soit la seule longueur de la lame, faisant 12. & que la pointe monte pareillement en circonference à 12. Nombres en haut; alors en laissant descendre une ligne perpendiculare du lieu de la pointe vers la terre, on trouvera, que la ligne 12 sera raccourcie de 6. Nombres; c’est à dire, de la juste moitié. |
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|If the tip rises by only 6 Spans, which is half of the previous rise, one finds the line shortened by only 1½ Spans, or one quarter the previous distance. | |If the tip rises by only 6 Spans, which is half of the previous rise, one finds the line shortened by only 1½ Spans, or one quarter the previous distance. | ||
− | |Si la pointe ne monte, que 6. Nombres, qui | + | |Si la pointe ne monte, que 6. Nombres, qui est la moitié de l’ascension precedente, on trouvera par la ligne perpendiculaire, qu’ell sera racourcie de 1½, qui n’est, que le quart du precedent raccoucissement. |
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|If it rises only 3 Spans, the line will again be shortened by one quarter of the previous distance or ¾ Spans. | |If it rises only 3 Spans, the line will again be shortened by one quarter of the previous distance or ¾ Spans. | ||
− | |Si elle ne monte qu’à 3. Nombres de hauteur, la ligne du | + | |Si elle ne monte qu’à 3. Nombres de hauteur, la ligne du raccourissement sera derechef le jusste quart du precedent, assavoir ¾. |
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|Likewise the same happens when we raise the tip from the elbow. Because if the tip rises 16 spans, the distance shall be shortened by 8. If raised up to 8 Spans, it will be shorter by 2. And if it is raised by only 4, it will be shorter by ½, which is only a quarter of the preceeding step. | |Likewise the same happens when we raise the tip from the elbow. Because if the tip rises 16 spans, the distance shall be shortened by 8. If raised up to 8 Spans, it will be shorter by 2. And if it is raised by only 4, it will be shorter by ½, which is only a quarter of the preceeding step. | ||
− | | | + | |Ainsi en est il pareillement des autres ascensions, mettent le centre sur le coude. car si la pointe en monte à 16. Nombres, elle se raccoucira de 8. Si jusques à 8. Nombres, elle s’en racourcira de 2. Et si elle ne monte qu’à 4. elle en sera raccourcie ½, qui n’est que le quart du precedent. |
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|Of course the same happens when the motion is done with the entire arm. | |Of course the same happens when the motion is done with the entire arm. | ||
− | |Il faut entendre | + | |Il faut entendre aussi le semblable des mouvements qui se font avec le bras entier. |
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|Thus this is the difference between the straight line versus the other lines at different heights, and we have not even considered shortening the reach either by bending the arm, or changing the posture, or even simply moving the feet. For there is no doubt that one can reach further than the straight line, if one leans the body forward, or one steps forward: this is not apropos, and beyond doubt, because in such a case, there are two lines, not one, because the extension of the arm with the sword is one line, the movement of the body is yet another. That these two lines together reach further than just the straight arm line alone is not the point. Because to comprehend the reach of each line, we must compare and consider each one independently. To do this, we must leave the body in its natural posture, so as not to skew one way or the other. | |Thus this is the difference between the straight line versus the other lines at different heights, and we have not even considered shortening the reach either by bending the arm, or changing the posture, or even simply moving the feet. For there is no doubt that one can reach further than the straight line, if one leans the body forward, or one steps forward: this is not apropos, and beyond doubt, because in such a case, there are two lines, not one, because the extension of the arm with the sword is one line, the movement of the body is yet another. That these two lines together reach further than just the straight arm line alone is not the point. Because to comprehend the reach of each line, we must compare and consider each one independently. To do this, we must leave the body in its natural posture, so as not to skew one way or the other. | ||
− | |Voilà doncques la difference de la droite ligne contre les autres, qui ne demeurent pas en egale hauteur; | + | |Voilà doncques la difference de la droite ligne contre les autres, qui ne demeurent pas en egale hauteur; sans toutesfois considerer pour le present le raccourcissemēt, ne la courbure du bras, ne la changement de la posture du corps, moins encore l’avancemēt qu’il peut faire moyennant la demarche des pieds. Car is ne faut pas douter, qu’on puisse atteindre plus loing que la droite ligne, si on panche le corps sur le devant, ou qu’on l’avance avec le demarche: ce qui est hors de ce propos & hors de doute, à cause qu’en tel cas, il se trouve deux lignes contre une, car l’extension du bras avec l’espee font une ligne, l’avancement du corps en fait encor une autre. Que ces deux lignes, estans jointes par ensemble, soyent plus longues que la droite ligne seule, celà ne touche pa à ceste question. Car pour sçavoir la portee de chacune ligne à part, il les faut considerer & comparer les unes aux autres distinćtement. Et pour ce faire il convient, qu’on laisse le corps en son estat naturel, qui ne favorise non plus l’une, que l’autre. |
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|Which is why, should one with to confirm the above, stand straight on both feet, hold the sword with the arm outstretched in a straight line, as shown in the figure, just touching the tip to a wall, or some other object at shoulder height, and then raise or lower the tip, with the entire arm, with the elbow, or with just the wrist; without any doubt in the world, you will find your line shortened, more or less, to the degree the centre of motion is more or less distant from the tip as it moves along the circumference. | |Which is why, should one with to confirm the above, stand straight on both feet, hold the sword with the arm outstretched in a straight line, as shown in the figure, just touching the tip to a wall, or some other object at shoulder height, and then raise or lower the tip, with the entire arm, with the elbow, or with just the wrist; without any doubt in the world, you will find your line shortened, more or less, to the degree the centre of motion is more or less distant from the tip as it moves along the circumference. | ||
− | |Parquoy | + | |Parquoy si vous avez envie de faire preuve de ce que dessus, mettez vous droit sur vos pieds, & tenez premierement l’espee avec le bras estendus en droite ligne, en la maniere qu’il est icy representé par la figure, en touchant de la pointe un certain endroit d’un mur, ou de quelque autre corps que ce soit sur la hauteur de l’espaule; & puis essayez de monter ou d’abaisser vostre pointe, avec le bras entier, ou avec le coude, ou avec la main tant seulement; il n’y a point de faute, le moins du monde que vous la montiez ou descendez, vous troverez vostre ligne raccoucie, plus ou moins, au rebours que le centre du movement sera plus ou moins esloigné de la pointe, qui fait la circonference. |
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|Part of the reason for this difference is when moving the entire arm from the shoulder, the line stays straight, notwithstanding it may move off the most direct path: but when moving from the elbow, one makes an angle, which is, of necessity, a break in the line: and it must also follow that this makes it ever shorter as it moves from the straight line. But as this break angle increases as it moves to the middle, as well as when one performs the moves with the hand, there is yet more shortening: for when the angle is close to the extremity of the line, there is but a small part which draws from the straightness. | |Part of the reason for this difference is when moving the entire arm from the shoulder, the line stays straight, notwithstanding it may move off the most direct path: but when moving from the elbow, one makes an angle, which is, of necessity, a break in the line: and it must also follow that this makes it ever shorter as it moves from the straight line. But as this break angle increases as it moves to the middle, as well as when one performs the moves with the hand, there is yet more shortening: for when the angle is close to the extremity of the line, there is but a small part which draws from the straightness. | ||
− | Dont il s’entend | + | Dont il s’entend aussi, qu’elle s’accourcira encor d’avantage, en cas qu’on y face deux courbures, l’une sure le coude, & l’autre sur le poignet de la main. |
Of course this shortens even further when faced with two bends, one at the elbow, the other on the wrist. | Of course this shortens even further when faced with two bends, one at the elbow, the other on the wrist. | ||
− | |La | + | |La cause de ceste difference gist aussi en partie, en ce que quand le mouvement se fait avec le bras entier, estant le centre en l’espaule; la ligne droit demeure en son entier sans aucune courbure, nonobstant qu’elle forligne quelque peu de la droite voye: mais quand on le fait avec le coude, on fait un angle, qui est necessairement une encogneure sur la ligne: dont s’enfuit aussi necessairement, qu’elle s’accourcit d’avantage, entant qu’elle s’eloigne plus de la droiture. Que si ceste encoigneure de l’angle approche encor plus du milieu de la ligne, ainsi qu’il en advient quand on fait le mouvement avec la main, il y a tousiours encor plus d’accourcissement; car quand l’angel est environ les extremitez de la ligne, il n’y en a qu’une petite partie qui s’esloigne de la droiture. |
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|This straight line is of very great use in Training, and shall be the basis for several observations; as such it is worth being carefully described, and well understood. It is the longest and surest of all positions, the most capable in defense of holding off the Enemy at a distance, and the most powerful way to hit offensively. And above all, the straight line can reach the closest target most securely, and without fear of also being struck at the same time. This is why one must always take care to keep this position foremost in training. | |This straight line is of very great use in Training, and shall be the basis for several observations; as such it is worth being carefully described, and well understood. It is the longest and surest of all positions, the most capable in defense of holding off the Enemy at a distance, and the most powerful way to hit offensively. And above all, the straight line can reach the closest target most securely, and without fear of also being struck at the same time. This is why one must always take care to keep this position foremost in training. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste droite ligne aura un fort grand usage en nostre Pratique, & sera le fondement de plusieurs observations, de sorte qu’elle merite d’estre curieusement declarée, & bien entendu. C’est la plus longue & la plus seure de toutes, la plus capable en defense à tenire l’Ennemi esloigné, & la plus puissante en offension pour l’atteindre. Et ce pour autant, que celuy qui en donne l’atteinte au plus proche endroit d’attouchement, il le fait à seur, sans aucun danger de recevoir au mesme temps la pareille. Et pour ceste cause, il faudra tousiours tascher de s’en prevaloir en la Pratique. |
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|Nevertheless there are times when one finds oneself in close, where the long lines are useless and even damaging, because the distances are entirely too short for a blade held out at arms length in a straight line (where one must shorten the arm, or even draw it back, to be able to use the tip.) At these close distances the length of our blade is not always comfortable and sufficiently easy to use: so we must shorten the line to close distances as it is to reach at longer ones. This is what is shown by the following two figures; the one marked G demonstrates how one may shorten the line, if the ennemy runs up to get past the tip, by stopping him with your foot and firmly placing the guard against the right hip, the tip will just reach his chest, which would otherwise pass beyond the shoulder if the sword were longer. | |Nevertheless there are times when one finds oneself in close, where the long lines are useless and even damaging, because the distances are entirely too short for a blade held out at arms length in a straight line (where one must shorten the arm, or even draw it back, to be able to use the tip.) At these close distances the length of our blade is not always comfortable and sufficiently easy to use: so we must shorten the line to close distances as it is to reach at longer ones. This is what is shown by the following two figures; the one marked G demonstrates how one may shorten the line, if the ennemy runs up to get past the tip, by stopping him with your foot and firmly placing the guard against the right hip, the tip will just reach his chest, which would otherwise pass beyond the shoulder if the sword were longer. | ||
− | |Neantmoins quand | + | |Neantmoins quand c’est qu’on entre en mesure etroite, où toutes les lignes longues sont inutiles, & dommageables, à cause que les distances y sont aucunefois plus courtes, que les lames estendues avec le bras en droite ligne (dont on est contraint de raccourcir le bras, ou mesmes de le retirer arriere, afin de se pouvoir servir de la pointe.) En ces mesures estroites nostre longueur d’espee ne laisse pas d’y estre tousiours commode & maniable à suffisance: car elle est autant propre pour raccourcir sa ligne en ladite mesure estroite, qu’elle est capable de l’allonger en la grande. C’est ce qui est representé par les deux figures suivantes; dont celle qui est marquée de la lettre G. demonstre comment on la peut raccourcir, en cas que l’Ennemi nous veuille courrir sus, pour venir au dedans de la pointe. car en luy mettant le pied contre le corps, & affermissant la garde sur la hanche droite, la pointe luy en viendra justement devant la poitrine, qui luy passeroit autrement par dessus l’espaule, en cas que l’espee fust plus longue. |
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|This same shortening can be accomplished another way, by placing the left hand firmly against the chest instead of using your foot, again firmly placing the guard against your right hip, because between the hip and the extended left hand is just enough space to comfortably use the sword as needed. | |This same shortening can be accomplished another way, by placing the left hand firmly against the chest instead of using your foot, again firmly placing the guard against your right hip, because between the hip and the extended left hand is just enough space to comfortably use the sword as needed. | ||
− | |Ce | + | |Ce mesme accourcissement de ligne se pourra pratiquer encor en une autre sorte, en luy mettant la main contre la poitrine, au lieu de se servir du pied, en affermissant derechef la garde de l’espee sur la hanche droite, car entre ladite hanche, & la main gauche estendue, il restera justement l’espace de la longueur de l’espee, pour la commodité de la manier & appliquer selon l’exigence. |
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|This length of sword is also equal to the double-length step, which is the longest one a person can make without losing power, as shown in Figure I. Since we declared the length of the blade equal to one half-diameter, we can estimate that the step, which is shown along the half-diameter, is also understood to be the length of the blade. Place the toes of the left foot on the letter X, it is impossible for a man to pass beyond the centre in one single step, unless he raises the heel and puts his weight over his right toes, as shown here. Doing this is not a single step with one foot, but two: since both feet move forward, one more, the other less. | |This length of sword is also equal to the double-length step, which is the longest one a person can make without losing power, as shown in Figure I. Since we declared the length of the blade equal to one half-diameter, we can estimate that the step, which is shown along the half-diameter, is also understood to be the length of the blade. Place the toes of the left foot on the letter X, it is impossible for a man to pass beyond the centre in one single step, unless he raises the heel and puts his weight over his right toes, as shown here. Doing this is not a single step with one foot, but two: since both feet move forward, one more, the other less. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste longueur d’espee est aussi egale à la longueur du pas double, qui est leplus grand que la personne puisse faire de toute sa force, ainsi que la Figure I le demonstre. Car puis que nous ordonnons la longueur de la lame à l’egal du demi-Diametre: il faut estimer que le pas, qui est representé sur la ligne du demi-Diametre, s’entend aussi estre fait sur la longueur de la lame. Mettant donc les orteils du pied gauche sur la lettre X, je di, qu’il est impossible à l’homme de passer en un seul pas outre le centre, si ce n’est qu’il y accommode aussi l’autre pied, en esleveant le talon, & y souslevant le corps sur les orteils; comme on le voit icy exprimé. Quoy faisant, ce n’est point le pas d’un pied seul, mais de deux: à cause que tous les deux s’avancent, l’un plus & l’autre moins. |
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|Finally taking the sword in hand, and standing erect at the Centre, with the arm and the same sword stretched out to the side in a single line, the point going down to touch the ground in an acute angle, as shown in figure K, we can see that the tip of the sword is just on the Circumference: in such a way that one could mark it on the pavement with just the single sword held in hand, without leaning. In any case, it is more expedient in something so important, to follow the order which we listed, above; more so as it is nearly impossible, just in turning around, to keep it steady and round as needed, to mark the circumference. Moreover, there is nothing more accurate than to put one of the ends of the cross-guard at the Centre point, and use the point to draw the Circumference, so the all rest can be drawn with confidence. | |Finally taking the sword in hand, and standing erect at the Centre, with the arm and the same sword stretched out to the side in a single line, the point going down to touch the ground in an acute angle, as shown in figure K, we can see that the tip of the sword is just on the Circumference: in such a way that one could mark it on the pavement with just the single sword held in hand, without leaning. In any case, it is more expedient in something so important, to follow the order which we listed, above; more so as it is nearly impossible, just in turning around, to keep it steady and round as needed, to mark the circumference. Moreover, there is nothing more accurate than to put one of the ends of the cross-guard at the Centre point, and use the point to draw the Circumference, so the all rest can be drawn with confidence. | ||
− | |Finalement | + | |Finalement si on prend cest espee au poing, & qu’on se mette perpendiculairement debout sur le Centre, avec le bras & la mesme espee estendus à costé en droite ligne, la pointe tirāt vers la terre en angle aigu, comme il est representé en ceste figure K, on verra que la pointe de l’espee viendra justement sur la Circonference: en sorte qu’on pourroit descrir sur le pavé avec la seule espee à tenir en la main, sans aucun abaissement du corps. Toutesfois il sera plus expedient en chose de si grande consequence de suivre l’ordre que nous avons baillé cy dessus; d’autant qu’il est quasi impossible, en tournant le corps pour descrire la dite circonference, de le gouverner & moderer si justement sans varier, comme il seroit à souhaiter. Partant n’y a rien plus seur, que de le faire avec l’espee mesme, en mettant l’une des branches de la croix sur le point du Centre, & tirer la Circonference avec la pointe, pour venir tant plus seurement à l’accomplissement du reste. |
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|One could propose other considerations concerning the correct length of the sword: but is seems to me that enough has been said for those who like the elegance of wearing a sword by their side, the ease of drawing, the advantage of using it under all circumstances, and, principally, the necessity even, for those who would practice our training, using our Circle. Use will give them a good understanding of the need for this length and without this it would be impossible to understand the demonstrations of our precepts. | |One could propose other considerations concerning the correct length of the sword: but is seems to me that enough has been said for those who like the elegance of wearing a sword by their side, the ease of drawing, the advantage of using it under all circumstances, and, principally, the necessity even, for those who would practice our training, using our Circle. Use will give them a good understanding of the need for this length and without this it would be impossible to understand the demonstrations of our precepts. | ||
− | |On pourroit | + | |On pourroit proposer encor d’autres considerations touchant ceste juste longueur de l’espee: mais il me semble que c’en est assez dit à ceux qui aiment la bien-seance de porter l’espee à costé, la commodité de la tirer, l’avantage de la manier en toutes occurrences, & principalement la necessité mesme, pour le regard de ceux qui voudront prendre la peine de faire exercice à nostre mode, & sur le plan, de nostre Cercle: car l’usage leur en fera bien entendre la necessité, & que sans icelle il leur seroit impossible de comprendre les demonstrations de nos preceptes. |
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|Because we have discussed the correct length of the sword, it would be reasonable if we finish by speaking, for the moment, as we did on the blade, about the entire hilt, or each of its parts. It is only reasonable that the observations which we have concerning arms, should be discussed before we come to the exercises. In any case we have found it best to put everything concerning the hilt in the next Plate, as this material cannot be deduced from this First Plate other than by bits as it appears in one image or another. It shall suffice for the present, to advise you to take a good look at the images of the hilt, which are at the bottom of the Plate and as seen from above in Circle No 1, until it can be discussed more fully with distinct description of all the parts in Plate II. | |Because we have discussed the correct length of the sword, it would be reasonable if we finish by speaking, for the moment, as we did on the blade, about the entire hilt, or each of its parts. It is only reasonable that the observations which we have concerning arms, should be discussed before we come to the exercises. In any case we have found it best to put everything concerning the hilt in the next Plate, as this material cannot be deduced from this First Plate other than by bits as it appears in one image or another. It shall suffice for the present, to advise you to take a good look at the images of the hilt, which are at the bottom of the Plate and as seen from above in Circle No 1, until it can be discussed more fully with distinct description of all the parts in Plate II. | ||
− | |Puis que nous avons donc traitté de la vraye longueur de | + | |Puis que nous avons donc traitté de la vraye longueur de l’espee, il seroit raisonnable que nous vinssions à parler doresenavant de la façon, tant au regard de la lame qu’au regard de la garde en son entier, ou en chascune de ses parties; estāt raisonnable, que les observations, que nous avons touchant les armes, soyent declarées avant que devenir à l’exercice mesme. Toutesfois nous avons trouvé bon de remettre ce qui touche la garde, au Tableau suivant, pour ce que la matiere n’en pourroit estre deduite en ce Tableau pemier, sinon par loppins, comme il paroistra par les figures de l’autre. Il nous suffira donc pour le present, de vous advertir de prendre bon esgard à la figure de ces gardes, qui sont icy representées au bas du Tableau, & au plan du Cercle N.1. jusqu’à ce qu’il en soit discouru plus amplement avec distinćtion de cascune des parties; ce qui sera fait au Tableau II. |
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|Speaking again of the blade and explaining the significance and use of the 12 Spans, by which the length is divided into 12 equal parts, as shown on the bottom of the Plate on both sides; the left side numbered, the right side of the same length, also numbered with twelve points, with each of the twelve Spans inscribed in Latin, corresponding the the twelve parts of the ancient Roman Pound weight. | |Speaking again of the blade and explaining the significance and use of the 12 Spans, by which the length is divided into 12 equal parts, as shown on the bottom of the Plate on both sides; the left side numbered, the right side of the same length, also numbered with twelve points, with each of the twelve Spans inscribed in Latin, corresponding the the twelve parts of the ancient Roman Pound weight. | ||
− | |Parlons derechef de la lame, & expliquons la | + | |Parlons derechef de la lame, & expliquons la signification, & l’usage de ces 12. Nombres, par lesquels elle est divisée en 12. parties egales de longueur, comme il se voit au bas du Tableau à la main gauche; le semblable estant aussi representé au costé opposite, sur une autre lame de la mesme longueur, distinguée pareillement par nombres en douze points, & par des noms, empruntez du Latin, en douze parties, respondantes au douze parties de la livre Romaine à l’ancienne. |
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|All that is needed to follow all sorts of demonstrations are these 12 spans that divide the blade by degree of strength, from the tip to the crosspiece. These are of such importance that there will always be more to discuss no matter how much is already written. Because the principle advantages for practical work, for certainty in demonstrations, for understanding the relative weights, for governing sensitivity of the hands, for attending to timing, and to approaches, are all found in whole or for the most part in the use of these Spans. | |All that is needed to follow all sorts of demonstrations are these 12 spans that divide the blade by degree of strength, from the tip to the crosspiece. These are of such importance that there will always be more to discuss no matter how much is already written. Because the principle advantages for practical work, for certainty in demonstrations, for understanding the relative weights, for governing sensitivity of the hands, for attending to timing, and to approaches, are all found in whole or for the most part in the use of these Spans. | ||
− | |Il n’y a rien plus | + | |Il n’y a rien plus necessaire, pour examiner tout sorte de demōstrations, que ces 12. Nombres, par lesquels la lame est distinguée en autāt de degrez de force, en allant depuis la pointe jusqu’à la croisee: & sont de si grande importance, que jamais on n’en pourra tant escrire, qu’il n’en reste encor à dire d’avantage. Pource que les principaux avantages de la Pratique, la certitude des demonstrations, les proportions des poids, la moderation du sentiment, les addresses des temps, & des approches, se trouvent toutes, ou en leur total, ou en leurs principales parties en l’usage de ces Nombres. |
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|The first point one mus know is that the twelve degrees of strength begin at the tip, the weakest part, and run up the blade, each section increasing strength by degrees up to the strongest part, the crosspiece of the hilt. | |The first point one mus know is that the twelve degrees of strength begin at the tip, the weakest part, and run up the blade, each section increasing strength by degrees up to the strongest part, the crosspiece of the hilt. | ||
− | |Touchant quoy il faut premierement | + | |Touchant quoy il faut premierement sçavoir, que ces douze degrez de force commencent depuis la pointe de la lame jusqu’à la croix de la garde: & que la pointe c’est le foible de l’espee; la garde c’en est le fort; ce qui est entre deux, tirant de la pointe vers la garde, se renforce tout de suite de degré en degré. |
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|People wrongly attribute actions to the sword, but the sword itself is nothing more than a lifeless, immobile, material object, which only comes alive only through the hand that guides it. Yet because the liveliness of the sword depends only on the hand, it follows that the partition that is closest and most affected by the power of the hand should also be the strongest, those further away must consequently be weaker. The one that is first and most immediately affected by force from the hand, is called the strong part of the sword, point number 12. The partitions which receive power from the previous one and transmit it to the next and weaker one are said to be more or less strong or weak, according the the number of degrees along the blade. The last partition, preceeded by all the others, is called the weak part. | |People wrongly attribute actions to the sword, but the sword itself is nothing more than a lifeless, immobile, material object, which only comes alive only through the hand that guides it. Yet because the liveliness of the sword depends only on the hand, it follows that the partition that is closest and most affected by the power of the hand should also be the strongest, those further away must consequently be weaker. The one that is first and most immediately affected by force from the hand, is called the strong part of the sword, point number 12. The partitions which receive power from the previous one and transmit it to the next and weaker one are said to be more or less strong or weak, according the the number of degrees along the blade. The last partition, preceeded by all the others, is called the weak part. | ||
− | |Car | + | |Car l’espee n’estant qu’une chose materielle, est d’elle mesme sans acune vigueur, & immobile, recevent toute sa force de la main, qui la gouverne; de la quelle aussi dependent toutes les aćtions, qui sont attribuées improprement à l’espee. Et partant, puis que toute sa vigueur depend de cest main seule, il faut necessairemēt, que la partie, qui en est plus proche & plus propre à recevoir son influence, soit aussi la plus forte; celle qui s’en esloinge, soit aussi consequément plus foible. Celle qui reçoit l’influence de force immediatement & la premiere de toutes, soit dite le fort de l’espee, cōme le point 12. Celles qui la recoivent mediatement par des autres precedentes, & la communiquent derechef à d’autres parties suivantes & inferieures, soyent dites plus ou moins fortes ou foibes, selon le nōbre des degrez qu’ils portent. Celle qui la reçoit la derniere de toutes, & par le moyen de toutes les autres precedentes, soit dite le foible. |
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|Finally, the reason why I chose the number 12 and not another, was to keep the sword in proportion to the length of the arm, which is two cubits, while the sword is three, and as we showed above, that the blade being equal to the half-diameter and he arm equal to only one third, as the Diametre is divided into 24 partitions, the arm into 8, and so consequently the blade into 12. | |Finally, the reason why I chose the number 12 and not another, was to keep the sword in proportion to the length of the arm, which is two cubits, while the sword is three, and as we showed above, that the blade being equal to the half-diameter and he arm equal to only one third, as the Diametre is divided into 24 partitions, the arm into 8, and so consequently the blade into 12. | ||
− | |Au | + | |Au reste la cause pourquoy nous avons plustost choisi ce nombre de 12. que nul autre, c’a esté pour garder la proportion de ceste longueur de la lame au bras de la personne: qui est de deux coudees, & l’espee de trois, aussi a il esté dit & demonstré cy dessus, que la lame est egale à la moitié du Diametre, & le bras n’en est egal, qu’à un tiers, de sorte que le Diametre estant 24. le bras sera 8. & la lame par consequent 12. |
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|Those who divide the blade into two equal parts, known as strong and weak, with the weak starting from the tip to the middle and the strong from the middle to the hilt, have made note of some difference between the partitions, but not enough. | |Those who divide the blade into two equal parts, known as strong and weak, with the weak starting from the tip to the middle and the strong from the middle to the hilt, have made note of some difference between the partitions, but not enough. | ||
− | |Ceux qui l’ont partie en deux moitiez egales, | + | |Ceux qui l’ont partie en deux moitiez egales, assavoir au fort & au foible: commençant le foible depuis la pointe jusques au milieu, & le fort de là en avant jusques à la garde, y ont bien remarqué quelque difference de parties; mais insuffisament. |
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|There are others who have divided the blade into three equal parts, with a middle section between the strong and the weak parts, because they have noticed that the middle section is sometimes used as a strong part, sometimes as a weak part. | |There are others who have divided the blade into three equal parts, with a middle section between the strong and the weak parts, because they have noticed that the middle section is sometimes used as a strong part, sometimes as a weak part. | ||
− | |Il y en a eu d’autres qui l’ont | + | |Il y en a eu d’autres qui l’ont distinguée en trois parties egales, mettant entre le fort & le foible le mediocre: par ce qu’ils remarquoyent que le milieu de l’espee participe de l’un & de l’autre, & qu’on s’en sert tantost comme dufort, & autresfois comme du foible. |
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|Others, following the same logic, distinguish four parts: the strong, the semi-strong, the semi-weak, and the weak. But all without showing in their Style any evidence of use, or of noteworthy advantages or disadvantages of these differences. | |Others, following the same logic, distinguish four parts: the strong, the semi-strong, the semi-weak, and the weak. But all without showing in their Style any evidence of use, or of noteworthy advantages or disadvantages of these differences. | ||
− | |D’autres | + | |D’autres suivants la mesme trace, sont venus un peu plus avant, & l’ont distinguée en quatre parties, lesquelles ils ont nommées le fort, le demi-fort, demi-foible, & foible. Mais le tout sans en monstrer en toute leur Pratique aucun evident usage, ou difference remarquable d’avantage, ou de desavantage. |
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|All these divisions of the blade into 2, 3, or 4 parts are insufficient, principally because when we consider two swords working at the same time, one against the other, it is impossible to distinguish with certainty which is the strong or the weak when divided into only 2, 3 or 4 parts. So suppose we distinguish the blades into 3 parts, and that we wish to press the medium against the weak part. It is impossible to do this with assurance: the measure of the weak goes from the tip to number 4, and the medium goes from 4 to 8, so that pitting the medium against the weak can mean the 7th Span against the first or the 4th against the 3rd. These two cases are so completely different in nature, that it is absolutely impossible to produce the same effects or demonstrate the same techniques. Thus it follows that if one does not divide the blade into enough parts, one cannot guarantee with certainty the same techniques, and therefore, we need to use a larger number. The most convenient is 12, which is proportional to the arm, as well as similar to the 12 parts of the Roman Pound, the Latin names of which are inscribed on the blade on the right hand bottom. | |All these divisions of the blade into 2, 3, or 4 parts are insufficient, principally because when we consider two swords working at the same time, one against the other, it is impossible to distinguish with certainty which is the strong or the weak when divided into only 2, 3 or 4 parts. So suppose we distinguish the blades into 3 parts, and that we wish to press the medium against the weak part. It is impossible to do this with assurance: the measure of the weak goes from the tip to number 4, and the medium goes from 4 to 8, so that pitting the medium against the weak can mean the 7th Span against the first or the 4th against the 3rd. These two cases are so completely different in nature, that it is absolutely impossible to produce the same effects or demonstrate the same techniques. Thus it follows that if one does not divide the blade into enough parts, one cannot guarantee with certainty the same techniques, and therefore, we need to use a larger number. The most convenient is 12, which is proportional to the arm, as well as similar to the 12 parts of the Roman Pound, the Latin names of which are inscribed on the blade on the right hand bottom. | ||
− | |Toutes ces | + | |Toutes ces divisions de 2. 3. ou 4. parties sur la lame, sont insuffisantes: & principalement à cause qu’il faut icy considerer deux espees, qui travaillent à mesme temps ensemble, l’une contre l’autre: dont is seroit impossible d’en assigner aucune certaine distinćtion, du fort ne du foible, pour la grande mesure de chascune de ces 2. 3. ou 4. parties, en quoy la lame seroit divisée. Car posé que qu’elles fussent distinguées en trois parties, & qu’il fust question de les accoupler, le mediocre avec le foible, je dis, qu’il seroit impossible de le pratiquer avec assurance: estant la mesure du foible, depuis la pointe jusques à 4. & du mediocre depuis le 4. jusques au N.8. en sorte qu’on ne se pourroit resoudre d’accouppler le Nombre 1. au N.7. de la lame contraire; ou le Nombre 3. avec le 4. car en l’un & en l’autre il se trouve le foible avec le mediocre. Etants toutesfois lesdits accouplements & assemblages des espees di si differente nature & condition, qu’il est absolument impossible d’en tirer les mesmes effets, ne d’y faire paroistre les mesmes demonstrations. Dont s’ensuit que quand on ne met assez de parties sur la lame, qu’on en oste aussi par mesme voye toute la certitude des demonstrations: & par tant, qu’il est necessaire d’en venir à un plus grand Nombre. Dont le plus convenable c’est celuy de 12. qui retient la proportion du bras avec l’espee, outre la similitude des 12. parties de la livre Romaine, dont les noms Latins en sont escrits au bas de ce Tableau sur la lame, qui est à main droite. |
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|The names are as follows: 1. Vecia, one ounce. 2. Sextans, the 6th part of a pound, or two ounces. 3. Quadrans, the quarter-pound. 4. Triens, the third, or four ounces. 5. Quincunx, five ounces. 6. Semis, the half-pound. 7. Spetunx, seven ounces. 8. Bes, two thirds, or eight ounces. 9. Dodrans, three-quarters, or nine ounces. 10. Dextans, ten ounces. 11. Deunx, eleven ounces. 12. As, the whole, either the pound or the sum. It was not only their custom to divide up pounds this way, but also from then to now entire inheritances, which is still done today amongst Jurists, to express through these names, the value of each of the parts. | |The names are as follows: 1. Vecia, one ounce. 2. Sextans, the 6th part of a pound, or two ounces. 3. Quadrans, the quarter-pound. 4. Triens, the third, or four ounces. 5. Quincunx, five ounces. 6. Semis, the half-pound. 7. Spetunx, seven ounces. 8. Bes, two thirds, or eight ounces. 9. Dodrans, three-quarters, or nine ounces. 10. Dextans, ten ounces. 11. Deunx, eleven ounces. 12. As, the whole, either the pound or the sum. It was not only their custom to divide up pounds this way, but also from then to now entire inheritances, which is still done today amongst Jurists, to express through these names, the value of each of the parts. | ||
− | |Les noms en | + | |Les noms en sont tels qu’il s’ensuit. 1. Vecia, une once. 2. Sextans, la sixieme partie de la livre, ce sont deux onces. 3. Quadrans, le quart. 4. Triens, le tiers, qui sont quatre onces. 5. Quincunx, cinq onces. 6. Semis, la demie livre. 7. Septunx, Sept onces. 8. Bes, deux tiers, ce sont huit onces. 9. Dodrans, trois quarts, ce sont neuf onces. 10. Dextans, dix onces. 11. Deunx, onze onces. 12. As, l’entier soit livre ou somme. Car ils n’avoyent pas seulement coustume de diviser ainsi les livres, mais aussi à l’advenant d’icelles les sommes entieres des heritages, ce qui se pratique encor aujourdhuy entre les Iuristes, pour exprimer par l’appropritation de ces dits noms, la valeur ce chascune des parties. |
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|We could do the same, using these same or similar names for the 12 degrees of strength. But the best and most sensible way would be to simply use the use the numbers, by which the length of the blade is divided into 12 equal parts; which also reflects the relative strength of each, for, as explained above, as the parts by degree get closer to the hand, which controls the entire sword, they become stronger, and conversely, as they move away, become weaker. But be that as it may, it is of little import to us: for use does not require exact knowledge of the relative force, but we only to know which is greater and which is lesser, in order to act against the incoming blade, whether it is necessary to increase, to hold, or lessen the force, to overcome, or to cede to the counter-force. | |We could do the same, using these same or similar names for the 12 degrees of strength. But the best and most sensible way would be to simply use the use the numbers, by which the length of the blade is divided into 12 equal parts; which also reflects the relative strength of each, for, as explained above, as the parts by degree get closer to the hand, which controls the entire sword, they become stronger, and conversely, as they move away, become weaker. But be that as it may, it is of little import to us: for use does not require exact knowledge of the relative force, but we only to know which is greater and which is lesser, in order to act against the incoming blade, whether it is necessary to increase, to hold, or lessen the force, to overcome, or to cede to the counter-force. | ||
− | |Nous en pourrions | + | |Nous en pourrions aussi faire le semblable, en nous servant de ces mesmes ou de semblables appellations, pour exprimer les 12. degrez de force. Mais le meilleur & le plus intelligible sera de nous tenir simplement aux chifres, par lesquels ceste lame est distinguée en 12. parties egales de longueur; n’empeschant toutesfois rien, qu’elles ne soyent aucunement dissemblables en puissance: car ainsi qu’il a esté declaré cy dessus, autant que les degrez s’approchent de la main, qui gouverne toute l’espee, d’autant seront elles trouvée plus fortes; & au contraire plus debiles. Mais quoy qu’il en soit, celà ne nous importe guere: d’autant que l’usage ne requiert pas d’en sçavoir si exaćtement la proportion, ains seulement de cognoistre le plus & le moins, pour se conduire à l’advenant, soit qu’il soit necessaire d’accroistre, ou de moderer, ou d’amoindrir sa force, ou de surmonter, ou de ceder à la force contraire. |
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|These are, in effect, the two goals, to which we aspire, and which can be found by means of these same numbers. The most important thing to know is precisely the amount of one’s own force, or of the opponent, as is necessary in practice, and next how to moderate, to increase, to diminish, this force as needed under different conditions, and as the occasion demands. | |These are, in effect, the two goals, to which we aspire, and which can be found by means of these same numbers. The most important thing to know is precisely the amount of one’s own force, or of the opponent, as is necessary in practice, and next how to moderate, to increase, to diminish, this force as needed under different conditions, and as the occasion demands. | ||
− | |Et ce | + | |Et ce sont en effećt lex deux intentions, qu’on devra pretendre, & les pourra on obtenir par le moyen de ces dits nombres. C’est assavoir premierement de congoistre precisement la quantité de sa propre force, ou de la contraire, tant qu’il est necessaire en la Pratique: & pour le second de moderer, augmenter, & diminuer sa dite force selon l’exigence de la diversité, que les occasions demandent. |
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|The first point is very easy: because numbers that are equal in quantity are also equal in force. The difference in force is shown by inequality of the numbers. As 5 is 1 degree stronger than 4, & 6 is stronger by 2 degrees, and so on for the rest. | |The first point is very easy: because numbers that are equal in quantity are also equal in force. The difference in force is shown by inequality of the numbers. As 5 is 1 degree stronger than 4, & 6 is stronger by 2 degrees, and so on for the rest. | ||
− | |Le permier | + | |Le permier usage en est fort facile: car les nombres egaux en quantité sont aussi egaux en force: la difference de force se demonstrant par l’inegalité des nombres. Car 5 est 1 degré plus fort que 4, & 6 en est plus fort de 2. & ainsi du reste à l’advenant. |
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|The second point is easy to understand from the first one. Say my intent is to increase my force, I must assess and increase my own numbers. For example: if the blades are crossed 6 against 6, and I wish to increase my force, I change the point of contact so that the 7, 8, or 9 of my blade crosses with the 6 of the other sword; and by this means, I shall have increased my force 1, 2, or 3, or as many degress as I wish. If the intent is to diminish my force, the sword must be withdrawn towards the tip, so the point of contact moves to smaller numbers. This is what we call decreasing. Sometimes, one increases one’s own blade with the decrease of the opponent’s. For example, say two blades are in contact in the exact middle, which is in Span 6, and say that I move the point of contact so that mine becomes number 8, and my adversary to number 4; then that would mean an increase in my blade with a decrease on the opposing blade. Or, say, initial contact begins with unequal numbers, for example number 5 against number 8 and I change the point of contact by sliding the blades so that I bring my 8 or 9 against his 4 or 5: so that from three numbers weaker, I have moved to four numbers stronger. Contrarywise, one may decreases one’s own blade with an increase of the opposing blade, diminishing one’s own strength, and increasing that of the other party. Likewise, the increase of both swords happens at the same time, and likewise again, a double decrease. | |The second point is easy to understand from the first one. Say my intent is to increase my force, I must assess and increase my own numbers. For example: if the blades are crossed 6 against 6, and I wish to increase my force, I change the point of contact so that the 7, 8, or 9 of my blade crosses with the 6 of the other sword; and by this means, I shall have increased my force 1, 2, or 3, or as many degress as I wish. If the intent is to diminish my force, the sword must be withdrawn towards the tip, so the point of contact moves to smaller numbers. This is what we call decreasing. Sometimes, one increases one’s own blade with the decrease of the opponent’s. For example, say two blades are in contact in the exact middle, which is in Span 6, and say that I move the point of contact so that mine becomes number 8, and my adversary to number 4; then that would mean an increase in my blade with a decrease on the opposing blade. Or, say, initial contact begins with unequal numbers, for example number 5 against number 8 and I change the point of contact by sliding the blades so that I bring my 8 or 9 against his 4 or 5: so that from three numbers weaker, I have moved to four numbers stronger. Contrarywise, one may decreases one’s own blade with an increase of the opposing blade, diminishing one’s own strength, and increasing that of the other party. Likewise, the increase of both swords happens at the same time, and likewise again, a double decrease. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le second point sera facile à comprendre par le premier. Car s’il est question d’augmenter sa force, il faut graduer & augmenter ses nombres. par example: si les lames sont assemblées 6. contre 6. & que je veuille augmenter ma force, je les reculeray en telle sorte, que le 7. 8. ou 9. de la mienne, se viennet accoupler avec le 6. de l’espee contraire; & par ce moyen j’auray augmenté ma force, de 1, 2, ou 3, ou autant de degrez, que je voudray. S’il est question de la diminuer, il la faudra reculer devers la pointe, qui en est le foible, en sorte que l’assemblement en vienne à moins de nombres. C’est que nous appellons desgraduer. Aucunefois on fera la graduation de sa propre lame avec degraduation de la lame contraire: par example. Soyent accouplées les deux lames chascune au juste milieu, qui est au Nombre 6. & que je transmue tellement le point de l’attouchement, que la mienne vienne au nombre 8. & celle de ma partie adverse au nombre 4; alors sera faite la graduation avec la degraduation de la partie contraire. Ou que l’accouplement soit premierement de nombres inegaux, par example, du nombre 5. contre le nombre 8. & qu’on change tellement le point d’attouchement par la raclure des espees, qu’on en mene le 8. ou 9. contre le 4. ou 5. de la partie adverse: en sorte que de trois nombres plus foible, on vienne à se rendre de quatre nombres plus fort. Il adviendra aussi au contraire, qu’on fera la desgraduation de sa propre lame, avec graduation de la lame contraire, diminuant ses propres forces, & augmentant celles de sa partie. Aucunefois on en fera la graduation de toutes les deux espees ensemble: & aucunesfois derechef double degraduation. |
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|The same things may be done with blades when they are not divided into 12 parts, but this will be ragged, and without any certainty of results; likewise when showing a proof, or wishing closer examination of some interesting aspect that comes about from a particular crossing of swords, it would be impossible to make any display of the contact, or to recreate a situation, which is, of course, absolutely necessary each and every time one wishes to examine any operation, without exception, whatever it may be. | |The same things may be done with blades when they are not divided into 12 parts, but this will be ragged, and without any certainty of results; likewise when showing a proof, or wishing closer examination of some interesting aspect that comes about from a particular crossing of swords, it would be impossible to make any display of the contact, or to recreate a situation, which is, of course, absolutely necessary each and every time one wishes to examine any operation, without exception, whatever it may be. | ||
− | |Les | + | |Les mesmes effećts se pourroyent aussi pratiquer avec des lames qui ne fussent pas distinguée en ces 12. nombres: mais ce seroit comme à tastons, sans aucune certitude: aussi quand il seroit question d’en faire les preuves, ou d’examiner quelque beau trait, qui se seroit presenté à l’occasion de l’accouplement des espees, il seroit impossible, de faire aucune demonstration de l’attouchement, ou de la situation; ce qui est toutesfois necessaire toutes & quantesfois qu’il se presente à examiner aucune operation, sans nulle exception, qui puisse estre. |
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|If one can imagine, that it is absolutely necessary to know exactly the proportions of all unequal forces, to make use of all their advantages, but that adroitness, which it gives us, is not enough to fully comprehend all the differences. If two blades are crossed, for example 2 against 4 or 10 against 8, the difference between the stronger and weaker numbers in each case is the equal to 2. But the relative values are not the same when we come to compare these two different cases to each other, they will be proportionally significantly different, because 4 is the double of 2, but 8 is only one third more than 6. In this way the relative proportions of force are unequal, even when the numeric differences are equal. Because the proportional difference between these numbers, when we compare two numbers to two other numbers, will always lessen as they approach the hilt, as the lesser of the two numbers becomes greater; so the proportion of the difference between 2 & 3 is found to be greater than the proportional difference between 3 & 4 or between 4 & 5 and so on, the differences becoming ever smaller, as the numbers become larger. It might seem to some that we should simply make a list of the relative differences, by point of contact along the sword, and so one could quickly see and work with the proportional increase or decrease of forces, for each point of graduation along the blades. | |If one can imagine, that it is absolutely necessary to know exactly the proportions of all unequal forces, to make use of all their advantages, but that adroitness, which it gives us, is not enough to fully comprehend all the differences. If two blades are crossed, for example 2 against 4 or 10 against 8, the difference between the stronger and weaker numbers in each case is the equal to 2. But the relative values are not the same when we come to compare these two different cases to each other, they will be proportionally significantly different, because 4 is the double of 2, but 8 is only one third more than 6. In this way the relative proportions of force are unequal, even when the numeric differences are equal. Because the proportional difference between these numbers, when we compare two numbers to two other numbers, will always lessen as they approach the hilt, as the lesser of the two numbers becomes greater; so the proportion of the difference between 2 & 3 is found to be greater than the proportional difference between 3 & 4 or between 4 & 5 and so on, the differences becoming ever smaller, as the numbers become larger. It might seem to some that we should simply make a list of the relative differences, by point of contact along the sword, and so one could quickly see and work with the proportional increase or decrease of forces, for each point of graduation along the blades. | ||
− | |Si quelqu’un s’imagine, qu’il | + | |Si quelqu’un s’imagine, qu’il soit absoluement necessaire de cognoistre exaćtement les proportions de toutes les forces inegales, pour se servir à touts propos de leurs avantages; & que l’adresse, que nous en baillons, n’est pas suffisante pour en comprendre à plein toutes les differences. Car si les deux lames sont accouplées, par example 2. contre 4. ou 10. contre 8. la difference in sera egalement de deux nombres plus fort ou plus foible, aussi bien en l’un qu’en l’autre de ces deux accomplements: mais quand ce viendroit à comparer ces deux differences l’une à l’autre au regard des nombres, qui sont dissemblables, la proportion en seroit grandement differente: à cause que 4. est le double de 2. & 8. n’est qu’une troisieme partie plus que 6. de maniere que les proportions de force sont souventesfois inegales, nonobstant que les nombres de leur difference soyent egaux. Car les proportions des differences des nombres, qui sont mis en comparison deux & deux contre deux & deux autres, vont tousiours en amoindrissant à l’advenant, que le moindre de cesdites deux Nombres à comparer ensemble s’augmente; si que la proportion de la difference, qui est entre 2. & 3. est trouvée plus grande, que celle qui est entre 3. & 4. ou entre 4. & 5. & ainsi consequemment; estant tousiours les differences plus petites, à mesure que les nombres s’aggrandissent. Dont il semblera par adventure à un tel, que nous devions expliquer l’inegalité de toutes ces differences par le menu, & assigner à chascun accouplement d’espees sa proportion, afin qu’on peust sçavoir par ce moyen, combien c’est qu’on augmente ou diminue la proportion de ses forces, avec chascune sorte de graduations, petites ou grandes, telles, qu’elles pourront estre, & sur tels endroits des lames, où on les voudra mettre en oeuvre. |
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|To the above, I would respond, that it is true, the proportional differences change, increasing or decreasing inversely with numerical values of the point of contact. Consequently, as the numbers, against which we measure the graduation, become larger, one must make larger increases towards the hilt to make any gains. And yet, as these numbers become larger, we have less ability to increase them. Nevertheless, it is enough to have a general awareness, without needing a close examination of the details. Technically, the force between the two swords can always be considered equal, since both swords have12 partitions. If two blades come together unequally, for example, one blade contacts at number 7 and the other at number 4, they will behave differently against each other, one with more, the other with less force; but alternatively, the sword at number 4 can reinforce itself with a graduation of 8 degrees up to 12, whereas the sword at number 7 can increase to 12 by only 5 degrees, because the number of partitions of the swords are equal. Because such a large change can happen in a moment, & this is even expected, it is enough to know the difference in forces from the number of degrees, which can easily determine if the difference is large, medium, or small. Because 1 degree is a little stronger, 2 degrees is evidently more, and 3 degrees is much more. Those are all the distinctions we need, since seeking to know exactly all the relative proprotions of each and every possible crossing of swords that can be imagined is not only impossible to observe at speed in our training, but it would also be useless. | |To the above, I would respond, that it is true, the proportional differences change, increasing or decreasing inversely with numerical values of the point of contact. Consequently, as the numbers, against which we measure the graduation, become larger, one must make larger increases towards the hilt to make any gains. And yet, as these numbers become larger, we have less ability to increase them. Nevertheless, it is enough to have a general awareness, without needing a close examination of the details. Technically, the force between the two swords can always be considered equal, since both swords have12 partitions. If two blades come together unequally, for example, one blade contacts at number 7 and the other at number 4, they will behave differently against each other, one with more, the other with less force; but alternatively, the sword at number 4 can reinforce itself with a graduation of 8 degrees up to 12, whereas the sword at number 7 can increase to 12 by only 5 degrees, because the number of partitions of the swords are equal. Because such a large change can happen in a moment, & this is even expected, it is enough to know the difference in forces from the number of degrees, which can easily determine if the difference is large, medium, or small. Because 1 degree is a little stronger, 2 degrees is evidently more, and 3 degrees is much more. Those are all the distinctions we need, since seeking to know exactly all the relative proprotions of each and every possible crossing of swords that can be imagined is not only impossible to observe at speed in our training, but it would also be useless. | ||
− | |Là | + | |Là dessus je luy respondray, que c’est la verité, que les proportions des differences se changent, en augmentant & en diminuant au rebours de l’accroissement de leurs nombres: & par consequent, d’autant que les nombres, contre lesquels on fera la graduation, seront plus grands, aussi faudra il faire à l’advenant la dite graduation plus grande pour gaigner quelque chose: & au rebours, d’autant que les nombres, avec lesquels la graduation sera faite, seront plus grands, d’autant en pourra estre la graduation plus petite. Et cependant il suffit d’avoir de cecy une cognoissance generale, sans qu’il soit besoin d’en examiner les particularitiez. Car s’il faut parler proprement, la force des deux espees est tousiours egale. Car elles sont toutes deux comme 12. S’il advient qu’elles soyent accouplées inegalement; par exemple, le nombre 7. de l’une au nombre 4. de l’autre, il est bien vray qu’elles sont alors diversement gouvernées, l’une avec plus, & l’autre avec moins de puissance; mais en eschange il faut considerer, que l’espee de 4. se peut renforcer en un instant jusqu’à 12, augmentant sa force par la graduation de 8. degrez entiers; là ou l’espee de 7 ne se peut renforcer, que jusqu’à 12. pareillement, qui ne font que 5 degrez, à cause que les nōbres des espees sont egaux. Puis qu’il peut donc advenir un si grand changement en un moment de temps, & mesmes qu’on le doit comme pour certain attendre, qu’il nous suffise de sçavoir la difference des forces par le nombre des degrez: lesquels nous peuvent assez declarer si la difference en est grande, petite, ou moyenne. Car 1. degré, c’est un peu plus fort: 2. degrez, c’est evidement plus: 3. degrez, c’est beaucoup plus. Voilà les distinćtions, qui nous doivent suffire. Car de vouloir sçavoir exaćtement toutes les proportions de tant & tant assemblages d’espees, qu’on pourroit imaginer, ne seroit pas seulement impossibe à observer en des occasions si vistes, comme sont celles de cestuy nostre Exercie, mais il seroit aussi inutile. |
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|Finally, all we have said up to now about the gradation of the sword, must be understood simply with regard to these twelve numbers, by which one adjusts one’s own force and likewise counters the opposing force, notwithstanding that there are still other aspects to consider, each of which shall be discussed, in its proper place. | |Finally, all we have said up to now about the gradation of the sword, must be understood simply with regard to these twelve numbers, by which one adjusts one’s own force and likewise counters the opposing force, notwithstanding that there are still other aspects to consider, each of which shall be discussed, in its proper place. | ||
− | |Au | + | |Au reste tout ce qui est dit jusqu’à present touchant la graduation & desgraduation des espees, pour moderer par icelles sa propre force, & pareillement la force contraire; se doit entendre simplement au regard de ces douze nombres, ce qui n’empesche toutesfois qu’il n’y ait encor plusieurs autres manieres de renforcements: desquels il sera traité, de chascune en son propre lieu. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant:small-caps;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant:small-caps;" | ||
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|The last point illustrated on this Plate concerning the sword is the manner of holding it, which is quite different from other methods. As is shown, on the two numbered swords at the bottom, place the index finger over the exterior branch of the crosspiece, and wrap it around the end of the blade, and the thumb either over, or around, the crossguard likewise inside the guard, with the rest of the fingers wrapped around the handle, so it lies in the hollow of the palm, with the crosspiece held horizontally. | |The last point illustrated on this Plate concerning the sword is the manner of holding it, which is quite different from other methods. As is shown, on the two numbered swords at the bottom, place the index finger over the exterior branch of the crosspiece, and wrap it around the end of the blade, and the thumb either over, or around, the crossguard likewise inside the guard, with the rest of the fingers wrapped around the handle, so it lies in the hollow of the palm, with the crosspiece held horizontally. | ||
− | |Le dernier point qui | + | |Le dernier point qui est representé en cest Table touchant l’espee, c’est la maniere de la tenir au poing, grandement differente de l’ordinaire des autres. Car ainsi qu’il est exprimé icy bas en ces deux espees nombrées, nous mettons le doigt indice dans la garde par dessus la branche exterieure, & alentour du talon de la lame, & le pouce à l’autre costé, sur la branche interieure, ou alencontre, par dedans la garde pareillement, avec le reste des doigts bien estoitement serrez alentour de la poignee, en sorte que le pommeau soit affermi dedans le creux du poignet, & les branches horizontales, l’une à costé de l’autre. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|It is absolutely necessary for all those who would learn anything of our Style, to hold the sword in this way, and not in any other; this grip is the only sure way to perform most of the operations, and is the foundation of the best sword-work for the thrust, either to aim, or to defend. This confidence is principally founded on the proper angle of the crosspiece, and on the force of the blade, held in this said manner. This shall be discussed further elsewhere, where the comparison of this grip to others, shall evince the superiority, through the coming together of the effects and advantages of this grip compared to all others. | |It is absolutely necessary for all those who would learn anything of our Style, to hold the sword in this way, and not in any other; this grip is the only sure way to perform most of the operations, and is the foundation of the best sword-work for the thrust, either to aim, or to defend. This confidence is principally founded on the proper angle of the crosspiece, and on the force of the blade, held in this said manner. This shall be discussed further elsewhere, where the comparison of this grip to others, shall evince the superiority, through the coming together of the effects and advantages of this grip compared to all others. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il est absoluement necessaire à touts ceux qui voudront faire aucune recerche de nostre Pratique, de faire l’empoignement de l’espee en ceste seule maniere, & non pas en quelque autre sorte, que ce soit: d’autant que de ceste seule depend la certitude d’une bonne partie de toutes les operations, & y sont fondez les plus nobles exploits des estocades, à tirer, ou à defendre; dequoy l’asseurance est principalement fondeée sur la situation de la croix, & sur la force de la lame, tenue en ceste maniere dernierement dite. dont il sera discouru autrepart; où nous mettrons en comparaison, & en ferons paroistre l’excellence, par la conference des effećts & des avantages de ceste cy au regard de toutes les autres. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | + | | The practical point of this discussion on the concurrence of the Circle, the Sword, and the Human Body has been to show how easy it is for everyone to have a sword of the proper size. | |
− | |The practical point of this discussion on the concurrence of the Circle, the Sword, and the Human Body has been to show how easy it is for everyone to have a sword of the proper size. | ||
But there is a concern about the permanently-inscribed Circle, wherein one must oftentimes test between people of unequal stature, for which each should have his own properly-sized Circle, or between people of equal size, but who are both either larger or smaller than the Diameter, such that the Circle is not drawn proportionally to their bodies. | But there is a concern about the permanently-inscribed Circle, wherein one must oftentimes test between people of unequal stature, for which each should have his own properly-sized Circle, or between people of equal size, but who are both either larger or smaller than the Diameter, such that the Circle is not drawn proportionally to their bodies. | ||
To minimize this inconvenience, the permanent Circle should be drawn to the proportions of an average person, to accomodate everyone. | To minimize this inconvenience, the permanent Circle should be drawn to the proportions of an average person, to accomodate everyone. | ||
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Because what we have done was more for the contentment of those who would make a close study of our Theory, than it is something necessary for our Training. | Because what we have done was more for the contentment of those who would make a close study of our Theory, than it is something necessary for our Training. | ||
Other than that, we have tried to put everything in good order, so that each can easily distinguish between those things necessary for Practice, from those which are only for Theorists, as long as they read our writings attentively. | Other than that, we have tried to put everything in good order, so that each can easily distinguish between those things necessary for Practice, from those which are only for Theorists, as long as they read our writings attentively. | ||
− | + | | Pour venir à la Pratique de tout ce qui a esté discouru, touchant la convenance du Cercle, & de l’Espee, avec le Corps de l’Homme; il est aisé à un chascun d’avoir une Espee de sa juste mesure. | |
− | |Pour venir à la Pratique de tout ce qui a | + | Mais pour le Cercle, qu’on descrit une fois pour toutes, où il faut souventesfois faire des preuves avec personnes inegales de stature, aux quels il faudroit à chascun son propre Cercle; ou bien avec personnes egales, mais plus grandes, ou plus petites, que la ligne du Diametre, en sorte que le Cercle ne seroit pas compassé à la proportion de leurs corps. |
− | Mais pour le Cercle, qu’on | + | Pour obvier à ces inconvenients, il le faut tirer sur la mesure d’une personne moyenne, afin qu’il soit capable d’estre accommodé à toutes. |
− | Pour obvier à ces inconvenients, il le faut tirer | + | Car les plus grands y pourront prendre les mesures de leurs Instances un peu largement. |
− | Car les plus grands y pourront prendre les | ||
Comme, la permiere, dehors la Circonference un peu au dedans du Quadrangle. | Comme, la permiere, dehors la Circonference un peu au dedans du Quadrangle. | ||
− | La | + | La seconde, pres le milieu du costé du Quarré inscrit, un peu au dehors, surle Diametre oblic. |
− | Et la | + | Et la troisieme semblablement un peu au dehors de la Circonference, sur le Diametre perpendiculaire prolongé. |
− | Les plus petits y raccourciront | + | Les plus petits y raccourciront aussi les mesures de leurs Instances à l’advenant; & en prendront la premiere au contraire des grands, un peu dedans la Circonference sur le Diametre. |
− | La | + | La seconde sur le Diametre oblic, un peu en dedans. |
− | Et la | + | Et la troisieme derechef sur le Diametre perpendiculaire au dedans de la Circonference. |
− | Voilà comment ce Cercle pourra | + | Voilà comment ce Cercle pourra servir à toutes sortes de personnes, sans qu’il le faille jamais changer. |
− | Or je | + | Or je m’asseure que ceste explication sera pour le commencement une preuve suffisante de a grande utilité de l’une & de l’autre de ces deux mesures, de l’Espee di-je, qui est ‘instrumēt de toutes les operations, & du Cercle, qui est la description du Terrain, contenant les vrayes & proportionnelles distances, correspondantes aux operations, pour les exploiter avec asseurance. |
− | Il | + | Il est vray, que nous avons esté quelque peu curieux en la recerche de quelques parties de ce traitté, comme en la dedućtion de la mesure des Instances, des graduations, & de a proportion du corps, & en quelques autres choses semblables, que nous avons calculées assex exaćtement: toutesfois il ne faut pas que ceux, qui n’ont point de cognoissance des Mathematiques, en perdent pourtant courage. |
− | Car ce que nous en avons fait, c’a | + | Car ce que nous en avons fait, c’a esté plustost pour le contentement de ceux qui voudront examiner de pres nostre Theorie, que pour ce que la chose fust d’elle mesme necessaire en l’Exercice. |
− | Outre ce que nous avons | + | Outre ce que nous avons tasché de mettre le tout si bien par ordre, que chascun y pourra aisement distinguer les choses necessaires à la Pratique, d’avec celles qui ne sont que pour les Theoristes, moyennant qu’il lise nostre escrit avec attention. |
|} | |} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" |
! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
! Transcription by <br/>[[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Transcription by <br/>[[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 02.jpg|620px]] |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|All knowlegeable people admit that it would be highly desireable, for the skillful practice of arms, if there were a defined and fixed Range, according to which one can adjust distances exactly against all opponents, and, as it happens, all movements, large and small, swift and slow. And, as this involves movements of the human body using the sword, it is obvious that the proportions of the human body should be the most appropriate measure to use and that these measurements should apply to the sword as well as to the training area. This would be the only means by which one could produce a reliable and accurate method to assess distances, which has up until now been unknown, or at the very least, has never been evident in any demonstration. | |All knowlegeable people admit that it would be highly desireable, for the skillful practice of arms, if there were a defined and fixed Range, according to which one can adjust distances exactly against all opponents, and, as it happens, all movements, large and small, swift and slow. And, as this involves movements of the human body using the sword, it is obvious that the proportions of the human body should be the most appropriate measure to use and that these measurements should apply to the sword as well as to the training area. This would be the only means by which one could produce a reliable and accurate method to assess distances, which has up until now been unknown, or at the very least, has never been evident in any demonstration. | ||
− | |Toutes | + | |Toutes personnes de iugement confessent, qu’il seroit fort à desiderer pour l’adresse de l’Exercise des Armes, qu’il y eust une certaine & inviolable Mesure, selon laquelle on peust regler exaćtement toutes les Distances, & à l’advenant aussi touts les mouvements, grands & petits, tardiss & vistes. Et puis qu’il est icy question des mouvements qui se sont à l’aide de l’Espee, & avec les membres du corps; que le plus apparent seroit de la trouver par les proportions de l’Homme mesme; & estant trouvée, le plus expedient de l’appliquer sur l’Espee, & sur le plan du Terrain, où l’on pretend de faire l’Exercice. Ce seroit le seul moyen, par lequel on pourroit parvenir à former un jugement solide touchant les vrayes proportions des distances, qui ont esté jusqu’à maintenant du tout incognues, ou à tout le moins, il n’en a esté jamais faite aucune demonstration evidente. |
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|And therein one can see the great use of our Circle, which shows so clearly and perfectly, with confident skill, how to take advantage of the above usage and style of swordplay. Just like the advantage that a well-disciplined army on campaign, encamped in good order with organization has over the confused multitude of a barbarian horde. For just as it is important for a commander in the field, about to lay siege, to reconnoiter the ground for routes, heights, marshes, and, in sum, the entire situation about him, it is important in our Traning for us to know the delineations of the Circle, which is like a map of all the steps we can take or positions we can adopt, according to how the situation varies. | |And therein one can see the great use of our Circle, which shows so clearly and perfectly, with confident skill, how to take advantage of the above usage and style of swordplay. Just like the advantage that a well-disciplined army on campaign, encamped in good order with organization has over the confused multitude of a barbarian horde. For just as it is important for a commander in the field, about to lay siege, to reconnoiter the ground for routes, heights, marshes, and, in sum, the entire situation about him, it is important in our Traning for us to know the delineations of the Circle, which is like a map of all the steps we can take or positions we can adopt, according to how the situation varies. | ||
− | |Et par là | + | |Et par là se voit la grande utilité de nostre Cercle, qui la represente si claire & si parfaite, avec une adresse de l’asseurance à prendre si avantageusement par le dessus le precedent usage & stile des Armes, comme la bonne ordonnance d’une armee logée en campagne distinćtement à loisir & à souhait, par dessus la confusion d’une multitude de Barbares. Car autant qu’il importe à un Condućteur d'armee, pour mettre le siege devant quelque place, d’en cognoistre les plus seures approches, les passages, les prochaines hauteurs, les eaux, & en somme toute la situation d’alentour: autant nous importe en nostre Exercice la delineation de ce Cercle, qui est comme une carte de toutes les demarches, à faire & à changer selon la varieté des occasions. |
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|This gives me hope and a belief that this invention will be praised by all those have a heart free from this ignominious desire to simply criticize the works of others without themselves offering anything better. For they can recognize that this Circle is proportional to human limbs, consequently as well to all movements which might be by one of the two adversaries, and that the proof of ranges and distances, which no one has adequately explained until now, depends on this same concurrance. | |This gives me hope and a belief that this invention will be praised by all those have a heart free from this ignominious desire to simply criticize the works of others without themselves offering anything better. For they can recognize that this Circle is proportional to human limbs, consequently as well to all movements which might be by one of the two adversaries, and that the proof of ranges and distances, which no one has adequately explained until now, depends on this same concurrance. | ||
− | |Ce qui me fait | + | |Ce qui me fait esperer & croire, que l’invention en sera louée de touts ceux qui ont le coeur libre de cest infame desir de calomnier les ouvrages d’autruy, sans tascher de mettre eux mesmes en avant choses meilleures. Car ils pourront recognoistre, qu’elle est proportionnée à touts les membres, & consequemment aussi à touts les mouvements, qui peuvent estre faits tant de l’un que de l’autre des parties adverses; & que de cest mesme convenance depend la demonsration des Mesures & des Distances, que personne n’a sceu declarer jusques à present. |
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|But as great as the concurrance is between the body and the lines of the Circle, as one could see from the portrait of the person in Circle No 1, someone may happen to suspect that this figure was somehow altered to fit the lines to support my desires rather than to expose a truth about nature, which would greatly diminish the value of the Circle and leave it partly useless for our Training. Thererfore, to show that I went about my work honestly, here is the proof in the Second Plate, where I show the same Circle with the portrait taken from The Proportions of Man, written over a hundred years ago, by the great painter and geometrician Albrecht Dürer. I shall apply the Circle to this portrait with all the pertinant lines, so that with the belly-button at the centre, the soles of the feet on the circumference, & the top of the head reaches just to the letter V, exactly as with my own figure. | |But as great as the concurrance is between the body and the lines of the Circle, as one could see from the portrait of the person in Circle No 1, someone may happen to suspect that this figure was somehow altered to fit the lines to support my desires rather than to expose a truth about nature, which would greatly diminish the value of the Circle and leave it partly useless for our Training. Thererfore, to show that I went about my work honestly, here is the proof in the Second Plate, where I show the same Circle with the portrait taken from The Proportions of Man, written over a hundred years ago, by the great painter and geometrician Albrecht Dürer. I shall apply the Circle to this portrait with all the pertinant lines, so that with the belly-button at the centre, the soles of the feet on the circumference, & the top of the head reaches just to the letter V, exactly as with my own figure. | ||
− | |Mais d’autant que | + | |Mais d’autant que cest convenance est si extremement grande, comme il se voit notamment au pourtrait de la personne, au Tableau precedent Cercle N.1: par adventure quelquun en prendra occasion de soupçonner, que nous avons accommodé ladite figure plustost selon nostre fantasie, pour en tirer les proportions desirées, que d’ensuivre simplement la verité naturelle: ce qui amoindriroit de beaucoup la dignité du Cercle, & le rendroit en partie inutile pour l’Exercice. Pour donc faire paroistre, que nous y sommes allez rondement, en voicy la preuve en ce Tableau Deuxieme, où nous appliquons le mesme Cercle au pourtrait d’un personnage tiré du livre de Proportions de l’Homme, escrit il y a plus de cent ans par ce grand Peintre & Geometricien Albert Durer: appliquant sur ledit personnage nostre Cercle avec toutes les lignes y appartenantes; en sorte que le nombril soit prins pour le Centre, la plante des pieds se repose sur la Circonference, & le sommet de la teste atteigne justement à la derniere entrecoupure du Diametre à la lettre V. tout de mesme qu’il en a esté fait en nostre figure. |
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|So I have chosen to show this using the portrait of an overall well-proportioned man which is presented in the aforesaid book of Proportions, Book 2, Folio 60. This figure displays all the measurements that this great Master made through his mathematical calculations and through his long observations as a painter. These measurments accord almost perfectly and effortlessly with the lines drawn between opposite angles across the diameter of the Circle. | |So I have chosen to show this using the portrait of an overall well-proportioned man which is presented in the aforesaid book of Proportions, Book 2, Folio 60. This figure displays all the measurements that this great Master made through his mathematical calculations and through his long observations as a painter. These measurments accord almost perfectly and effortlessly with the lines drawn between opposite angles across the diameter of the Circle. | ||
− | |Or avons nous | + | |Or avons nous choisi pour cest effećt le pourtrait d’un homme parcreu & bien proportionné en touts ses membres, tel que l’ordonnance en est faite audit livre des Proportions, Liv. 2. feuillet 60. En laquelle figure il paroistra, que toutes les mesures que ce grand Maistre a sceu remarquer par ses calculations Mathematiques, & par ses longues observations en l’art de Peinture, se discouvrent icy quasi toutes sans artifice & plus parfaitement, par les assignations de nos lignes tirées perpendiculairement à travers le Diametre aux angles opposez, des uns aux autres. |
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|To perform the comparison, because a large number of lines must be compared, and so that they do not create confusion, and to check the various assignations between the two parts, they are shown differently: dotted lines from the Diameter to the angles, solid lines to show Dürer’s proportions drawn from behind the person to the front of the body. Thus those which are in common will be partially dotted solid and partially dotted extending beyond Dürer’s parallelograms. | |To perform the comparison, because a large number of lines must be compared, and so that they do not create confusion, and to check the various assignations between the two parts, they are shown differently: dotted lines from the Diameter to the angles, solid lines to show Dürer’s proportions drawn from behind the person to the front of the body. Thus those which are in common will be partially dotted solid and partially dotted extending beyond Dürer’s parallelograms. | ||
− | |Pour venir doncques à la confrontation, puis qu’il faudra compater icy un grand nombre de lignes, afin qu’elles n’engedrent | + | |Pour venir doncques à la confrontation, puis qu’il faudra compater icy un grand nombre de lignes, afin qu’elles n’engedrent confusion, pour examiner la verité de assignations de part & d’autre, nous les representons en differentes manieres. Les nostres sont poinćtées, allant par le Diametre jusqu’aux angles opposez: le siennes solides, tirées par le derriere de la personne jusqu’au devant du corps. Dont celles qu’il a communes & accordantes avec les nostres, sont en partie solides, & en partie poinćtées, assavoir au dehors de ses parallelogrammes. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,526: | Line 1,525: | ||
|The figure has, therefore, been arranged like this, and when one considers the degree of overlap between the lines from the Circle and that of such a Great Master of proportions, we can see the proof on a well-proportioned body. I believe that everyone can be satisfied with such a proof, rather than a face a great mass of arguments, which would serve to obscure the matter and give rise to more doubts rather than settle any existing ones. | |The figure has, therefore, been arranged like this, and when one considers the degree of overlap between the lines from the Circle and that of such a Great Master of proportions, we can see the proof on a well-proportioned body. I believe that everyone can be satisfied with such a proof, rather than a face a great mass of arguments, which would serve to obscure the matter and give rise to more doubts rather than settle any existing ones. | ||
− | |La figure | + | |La figure estant ainsi dressée, & consideré le grand accord, qui se trouve entre nostre invention & celle d’un si grand Maistre des proportions, de quoy on voit la preuve sur un corps qui est des mieux proportionnez; j’estime que chascun se contentera plus d’une telle demonstration, que d’un grand amas d’arguments controuvez, qui serviroyent plustost d’offusquer la matiere, & tendroyent à engendrer des nouvelles doutes, au lieu de resoudre les anciennes. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,532: | Line 1,531: | ||
|To the degree that I may say, we all agree, if I dare be so bold, that where there are differences, the Circle will serve to settle the question and to correct any errors which could not be avoided even by such a great mind, and such an exacting judge of proportions. This should make the Circle more impressive than if all the lines matched exactly. Now here is the proof, reminding you once again, that my lines are drawn from intersection to intersection, as if by chance, and his are artificially ordered, and arranged in five parallelograms. Thus here is the explanation. | |To the degree that I may say, we all agree, if I dare be so bold, that where there are differences, the Circle will serve to settle the question and to correct any errors which could not be avoided even by such a great mind, and such an exacting judge of proportions. This should make the Circle more impressive than if all the lines matched exactly. Now here is the proof, reminding you once again, that my lines are drawn from intersection to intersection, as if by chance, and his are artificially ordered, and arranged in five parallelograms. Thus here is the explanation. | ||
− | |Et combien que je ne | + | |Et combien que je ne puisse dire, que nous sommes partout d’accord, si oserayje bien affermer pourtant, où il y a de la difference, que c’est nostre Cercle qui en vuidera la question, & corrigera les fautes, qui n’ont sceu estre evitées par un esprit si noble, & par un jugement des proportions si exaćte. Et c’est ce qui en doit augmenter l’estime, plus que si les assignations fussent trouvées s’accorder toutes ensemble. Maintenant venons a la preuve, vous advertissant derechef, que nos lignes sont tirées simplement de l’un angle à l’autre, quasi à l’adventure, & les siennes sont artificiellement ordonnées, & rangées en cinq figures parallelogrammes. Dont voicy l’explication qui s’ensuit. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,538: | Line 1,537: | ||
|The first of all his lines corresponds on the last cross-cut line on the Diameter, marked with a capital V, & shows the top of the head. | |The first of all his lines corresponds on the last cross-cut line on the Diameter, marked with a capital V, & shows the top of the head. | ||
− | |La premiere de toutes | + | |La premiere de toutes ses lignes respond justement sur nostre derniere entrecoupure du Diametre, marquée de la lettre V capitale; & demonstre la syme, ou le Vertex de la Personne. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The second, which matches the second cross-cut line marked B, shows the tip of the nose. | |The second, which matches the second cross-cut line marked B, shows the tip of the nose. | ||
− | |La | + | |La seconde, s’accordant pareillment à la seconde des nostres marquée B, demonstrant le bout du nez. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The third is not found amongst the lines of the Circle, and shows the eyebrows. | |The third is not found amongst the lines of the Circle, and shows the eyebrows. | ||
− | |La | + | |La trosieme des siennes ne se trouve point parymy les nostres, & demonsre le sourcils. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The fourth matches my line B, which shows the tip of the nose. | |The fourth matches my line B, which shows the tip of the nose. | ||
− | |La quatrieme s’accorde à la | + | |La quatrieme s’accorde à la nostre marquée B, demonstrant le bout du nez. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The fifth, matching my line C, shows the chin. | |The fifth, matching my line C, shows the chin. | ||
− | |La cinquieme, revenant | + | |La cinquieme, revenant justement sur la nostre de C, demonstre le menton. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The sixth, matching my line D, shows the top of the trapezoid muscles. | |The sixth, matching my line D, shows the top of the trapezoid muscles. | ||
− | |La | + | |La sixieme demonstre le pallerons; aussi fait semblablement la nostre marqée de la lettre D; & reviennent en une. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The next line is only on the circle, marked E, which marks the shoulders. | |The next line is only on the circle, marked E, which marks the shoulders. | ||
− | |Il s’en | + | |Il s’en ensuit apres une des nostres particuleres, marquée de la lettre E, qui vient justement sur le haut des espaules. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|Again, by contrast, a bit further down, are one of his lines, which shows the same. This difference shall be discussed shortly. | |Again, by contrast, a bit further down, are one of his lines, which shows the same. This difference shall be discussed shortly. | ||
− | |Derechef, en | + | |Derechef, en eschange un peu plus bas, il s’en ensuit une des siennes, pour demonstrer le mesme; de laquelle difference il sera parlé tantost. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,579: | Line 1,578: | ||
|Next comes the second parallelogram, of which the first line, which matches exactly with our third cross-cut of the Diameter, marked R, shows the the collar bones, or, as we described it, the top of the chest. | |Next comes the second parallelogram, of which the first line, which matches exactly with our third cross-cut of the Diameter, marked R, shows the the collar bones, or, as we described it, the top of the chest. | ||
− | | | + | |S’ensuit apres le second parallelogramme: dont la premiere ligne, s’accordant justement avec nostre troisieme entrecoupure du Diametre, marquée d’R, demonstre les os traversiers; ou bien selon nostre description, le plus haut de la poitrine. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,585: | Line 1,584: | ||
|The second, matching my line F, shows the chest, and, particularly, according to the preceeding Plate, the armpits. | |The second, matching my line F, shows the chest, and, particularly, according to the preceeding Plate, the armpits. | ||
− | |La | + | |La seconde, accordant avec nostre F, demonstre la poitrine, & specialement, selon la representation du Tableau precedent, le aisselles. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,591: | Line 1,590: | ||
|The next line is only on the circle, marked G, which shows the breasts. | |The next line is only on the circle, marked G, which shows the breasts. | ||
− | |Il s’en | + | |Il s’en ensuit apres une, qui nous est particuliere, marquée de G, qui demonstre le mamelles. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,597: | Line 1,596: | ||
|And in contrast, another line particular to him, shows the armpit, much lower than seen from the front, as I showed in my figure. This follows from the mistake that the Author made placing the shoulders too low, and, consequently, the armpits to far forward. | |And in contrast, another line particular to him, shows the armpit, much lower than seen from the front, as I showed in my figure. This follows from the mistake that the Author made placing the shoulders too low, and, consequently, the armpits to far forward. | ||
− | |Et en | + | |Et en eschange une autre particuliere à luy, qui demonstre l’aixelle, à regarder la personne de front, beaucoup plus bas, qu’il n’est representé en nostre figure: procedant l’erreur de ce que l’Autheur a placé le haut des espaules plus bas, qui’il ne devoit; & par consequent aussi les aixelles à l’advenant. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,603: | Line 1,602: | ||
|The fourth line on his second parallelogram matches my line H, & shows, following the previous error, the tips of the nipples but is, in fact, in right in the middle and centre of the chest. | |The fourth line on his second parallelogram matches my line H, & shows, following the previous error, the tips of the nipples but is, in fact, in right in the middle and centre of the chest. | ||
− | |La quatrieme ligne on | + | |La quatrieme ligne on son deuxieme parallelogramme revient sur la nostre marquée de H, & demonstre, selon l’erreur precedente, les tetins des mammelles, mais en effet c’est le beau milieu & comme le centre de la poitrine. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,609: | Line 1,608: | ||
|Next, again, is one of his, which continues the same mistake, & consequently shows the bottom of the pectorals. | |Next, again, is one of his, which continues the same mistake, & consequently shows the bottom of the pectorals. | ||
− | | | + | |S’ensuit derechef une autre des siennes, qui continue la mesme erreur, & demonstre consequemment les sous-mamelles. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,615: | Line 1,614: | ||
|The sixth matches my line I, and shows the tip of the breastbone. | |The sixth matches my line I, and shows the tip of the breastbone. | ||
− | |La | + | |La sixieme s’accorde à la nostre marquée de la lettre I, & demonstre le brechet. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,621: | Line 1,620: | ||
|The next line is only on the circle, marked K, which shows the floating ribs. | |The next line is only on the circle, marked K, which shows the floating ribs. | ||
− | |Apres laquelle y a la | + | |Apres laquelle y a la nostre marquée de K, qui demonstre le hypochondres, ou les fausses costes. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,627: | Line 1,626: | ||
|The seventh, & last of this parallelogram, which is also only one of his, shows the waist. | |The seventh, & last of this parallelogram, which is also only one of his, shows the waist. | ||
− | |La | + | |La septieme & derniere de ce mesme parallel, qui luy est aussi propre demonstre la ceinture de la personne. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,633: | Line 1,632: | ||
|The first line of the third parallelogram, which matches exactly the Centre, shows the navel. | |The first line of the third parallelogram, which matches exactly the Centre, shows the navel. | ||
− | |La premiere du | + | |La premiere du Troisieme ordre, qui vient justement sur le Centre, demonstre le nombril. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,639: | Line 1,638: | ||
|The second line of his shows the loins. | |The second line of his shows the loins. | ||
− | |la | + | |la seconde, à luy particuliere, demonstre les hanches. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,645: | Line 1,644: | ||
|The third matches my line L, which purports to show the top of the thigh, but actually matches exactly the hip, as it is higher than the muscle. | |The third matches my line L, which purports to show the top of the thigh, but actually matches exactly the hip, as it is higher than the muscle. | ||
− | |La | + | |La troisieme revient à la nostre, marquée de la lettre L, voulant demonstrer le haut de la cuisse; mais en effet elle respond justement sur l’endroit de la jointure, combien que le muscle en vienne plus haut. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,651: | Line 1,650: | ||
|The fourth matches my line M, and shows the bottom of the stomach. | |The fourth matches my line M, and shows the bottom of the stomach. | ||
− | |La quatrieme s’accorde à la | + | |La quatrieme s’accorde à la nostre marquée de M, demonstrant le bas du ventre. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,657: | Line 1,656: | ||
|The fifth line of his, shows the virile member. | |The fifth line of his, shows the virile member. | ||
− | |La cinquieme qui luy | + | |La cinquieme qui luy est propre, demonstre le membre viril. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,663: | Line 1,662: | ||
|The next line is only on the circle, marked N, which also shows the virile member. His line is at the top, mine at the bottom. | |The next line is only on the circle, marked N, which also shows the virile member. His line is at the top, mine at the bottom. | ||
− | |Comme | + | |Comme aussi fait pareillement la nostre marquée d’N. Toutesfois, la sienne le demonstre par haut, & la nostre par bas. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,669: | Line 1,668: | ||
|The sixth line of his mistakenly shows the bottom of the butt-cheeks. I shall say more on this shortly. | |The sixth line of his mistakenly shows the bottom of the butt-cheeks. I shall say more on this shortly. | ||
− | |Sa | + | |Sa sixieme demonstre faussement le bout des fesses: dequoy il sera parlé tout à l’instant. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,675: | Line 1,674: | ||
|After this one, the next line is only on the circle, marked O, which shows the height of the anus. | |After this one, the next line is only on the circle, marked O, which shows the height of the anus. | ||
− | |Apres icelle s’en | + | |Apres icelle s’en ensuit une des nostres particulieres, marquée d’un O, qui demonstre la hauteur du fondement. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,681: | Line 1,680: | ||
|And again another, only on the circle, marked P, which shows the concavity, or the top of the thigh muscle. | |And again another, only on the circle, marked P, which shows the concavity, or the top of the thigh muscle. | ||
− | |Puis encore une, | + | |Puis encore une, semblablement à nous particuliere, marquée de P. Qui demonstre le concave ou le commencement du muscle de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,687: | Line 1,686: | ||
|And a third one, only on the circle, the next cross-cut along the Diameter, marked H, shows the middle of the thigh. | |And a third one, only on the circle, the next cross-cut along the Diameter, marked H, shows the middle of the thigh. | ||
− | |Et pour le | + | |Et pour le troisieme s’ensuit la seconde Sećtion du Diametre, qui est marquée sur ledit Diametre d’un grand H, demonstrant le milieu de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,693: | Line 1,692: | ||
|After which follows, a bit lower down, the first line of his forth parallelogram, which is one of his, and shows, in his opinion, the concavity of the thigh. | |After which follows, a bit lower down, the first line of his forth parallelogram, which is one of his, and shows, in his opinion, the concavity of the thigh. | ||
− | |Apres laquelle | + | |Apres laquelle s’ensuit un peu plus bas la premiere ligne du quatrieme parallelogramme, qui luy est particuliere, & demonstre selon son opinion, le concave de la cuisse. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,699: | Line 1,698: | ||
|The next is again one of mine, marked Q, showing the same muscle, which is below the middle. | |The next is again one of mine, marked Q, showing the same muscle, which is below the middle. | ||
− | |En vient apres derechef une parmy les | + | |En vient apres derechef une parmy les nostres, marquée de Q, demonstrant l’endroit du mesme muscle, qui est dessous le milieu. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,705: | Line 1,704: | ||
|A bit lower still another of mine, marked R, which shows the lower part of the thigh. | |A bit lower still another of mine, marked R, which shows the lower part of the thigh. | ||
− | |Vn peu plus bas encore une autre, marquée R. qui en | + | |Vn peu plus bas encore une autre, marquée R. qui en demonstre la partie inferieure. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,711: | Line 1,710: | ||
|A bit below that is the second and last line of his parallelogram showing the muscle just above the kneecap, slightly above where it ought to be. This can be seen from the following line, one of mine, marked S, which shows the true top of the kneecap. This is obvious to the eye, as much on Msr Albert’s drawing as on the one in the Circle No 1 in the First Plate. | |A bit below that is the second and last line of his parallelogram showing the muscle just above the kneecap, slightly above where it ought to be. This can be seen from the following line, one of mine, marked S, which shows the true top of the kneecap. This is obvious to the eye, as much on Msr Albert’s drawing as on the one in the Circle No 1 in the First Plate. | ||
− | |Puis apres la | + | |Puis apres la seconde & derniere de ce mesme parallelogramme, demōsrtant le surgenouil, un peu plus haut, qu’il ne devoit estre; comme il se voit par la ligne suivante, c’est assavoir la nostre, marquée de la lettre S, qui demonstre le vray endroit de la partie superieure du genouil; comme il paroist à veuë d’œil, tant en ceste figure de Mre Albert mesme, qu’en la nostre au premier Cercle du Tableau premier. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,717: | Line 1,716: | ||
|This is the top of the kneecap is along the line marked S. | |This is the top of the kneecap is along the line marked S. | ||
− | |Soit donc le | + | |Soit donc le surgenoil placé à l’endroit de la ligne S. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,723: | Line 1,722: | ||
|The first line of his last parallelogram does not match one of mine and marks the mid-point of the kneecap. | |The first line of his last parallelogram does not match one of mine and marks the mid-point of the kneecap. | ||
− | |La premiere ligne de | + | |La premiere ligne de son dernier parallelogramme ne se trouve pas parmy les nostres, & demonstre le my-genouil. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,729: | Line 1,728: | ||
|His second line, which matches the one on the circle marked T, shows the lower-kneecap. | |His second line, which matches the one on the circle marked T, shows the lower-kneecap. | ||
− | |La | + | |La seconde, qui revient à la nostre marquée de T, demonstre consequemment le sous-genouil. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|Next is the cross-cut that marks the first section of the Diameter, marked with a capital Roman letter E, which shows the top of the shin. | |Next is the cross-cut that marks the first section of the Diameter, marked with a capital Roman letter E, which shows the top of the shin. | ||
− | | | + | |S’ensuit apres la premiere sećtion du Diametre, marquée en grande lettre Romaine d’un E, qui demonstre le plus haut de la greve. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|And again one only on the circle, marked V, which shows the thickest outside part of the calf. | |And again one only on the circle, marked V, which shows the thickest outside part of the calf. | ||
− | |Et derechef encor une autre des | + | |Et derechef encor une autre des nostres, marquée V, qui demonstre le gras de la jambe en dehors. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,745: | Line 1,744: | ||
|Right after is the bottom of the calf, shown by the third line of this parallelogramme, which is not found in mine. | |Right after is the bottom of the calf, shown by the third line of this parallelogramme, which is not found in mine. | ||
− | | | + | |Tantost apres s’en ensuit le bas, representé par la troisieme ligne de ce dernier parallelogramme, qui ne se trouve pas entre les nostres. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,751: | Line 1,750: | ||
|The same is likewise shown on the inside of the leg, a bit lower by his fourth line, which corresponds to the one on the circle marked W. Note that there is a slight difference between the two assignations, but of little importance, since he put his lines on the bottom of the thick part of the leg, on the inside and outside, a bit higher than we did, which we put on lines W & X. | |The same is likewise shown on the inside of the leg, a bit lower by his fourth line, which corresponds to the one on the circle marked W. Note that there is a slight difference between the two assignations, but of little importance, since he put his lines on the bottom of the thick part of the leg, on the inside and outside, a bit higher than we did, which we put on lines W & X. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le mesme est pareillement demonstré au dedans de la jambe un peu plus bas, par la quatrieme, qui s’accorde à la nostre marquée d’W. Touchant quoy il y a quelque difference entre nos assignations, mais de petite importance, en ce que luy il a placé le bas du gras de la jambe, tant en dehors comme en dedans, un peu plus haut que nous, qui l’avons ordonné sur les lignes W & X. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|Next is the line marked Y, which is only on the circle, and shows the lower part of the shin. | |Next is the line marked Y, which is only on the circle, and shows the lower part of the shin. | ||
− | |Apres | + | |Apres s’ensuit la ligne Y, qui nous est propre, & demonstre la partie inferieure de la greve. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|The fifth of his lines shows the top of the foot. | |The fifth of his lines shows the top of the foot. | ||
− | |La cinquieme de | + | |La cinquieme de ses paralleles demonstre le coup du pied. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|And finally the sixth line, which matches the line on the circle marked Z, the bottom of the outside of the ankle. | |And finally the sixth line, which matches the line on the circle marked Z, the bottom of the outside of the ankle. | ||
− | |Et | + | |Et consequemment la sixieme, qui revient sur la nostre marquée de Z, le bas de la cheville en dehors. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|Finally, the end of the Diameter , and the last of these parallels, shows the soles of the feet. | |Finally, the end of the Diameter , and the last of these parallels, shows the soles of the feet. | ||
− | |Finalement le bout du Diametre, & la derniere de | + | |Finalement le bout du Diametre, & la derniere de ses paralleles, demonstrent les plantes des pieds. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
Line 1,777: | Line 1,776: | ||
|That then is the comparison between the two sets of lines and their interpretations, to demonstrate the true proportions of the human body. About this there is only to debate the differences, and to demonstrate through careful reasoning the errors made by Dürer, and to show that the attribution of our Circle are more exact and closer to Reality. | |That then is the comparison between the two sets of lines and their interpretations, to demonstrate the true proportions of the human body. About this there is only to debate the differences, and to demonstrate through careful reasoning the errors made by Dürer, and to show that the attribution of our Circle are more exact and closer to Reality. | ||
− | |Voilà donc la confrontation de toutes nos lignes, & de leurs interpretations, pour | + | |Voilà donc la confrontation de toutes nos lignes, & de leurs interpretations, pour demonstrer les vrayes proportions du corps de l’homme: touchant lesquelles il ne reste desormais qu’à en debatre les differences, & à demonstrer par bonnes raisons les fautes commises en l’ouvrage du Durer, & que les assignations de nostre Cercle sont plus justes & plus appprochantes de la Verité. |
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|I very much did not intend to boast about overturning, or to take away from this leading light of painters in the science of proportions, when he has made such an effort in his studies, and truly merits praise. Because we hold one thing certain, that is, in his aforsaid ''Book of Proportions'', his intention was to show many different types of persons: some beautifully or badly, or more or less proportioned than others. As such it would be very wrong to try and find in each of his figures the most exact and correct proportions, such as the ones presently needed and which can be found by way of our Circle, according to the before described attributions. Which is even more evident when we look at the mistakes he made, this being one of the best-proportioned figures of all the ones in his book, we shall be discussing it as one of the most perfect examples he could show. | |I very much did not intend to boast about overturning, or to take away from this leading light of painters in the science of proportions, when he has made such an effort in his studies, and truly merits praise. Because we hold one thing certain, that is, in his aforsaid ''Book of Proportions'', his intention was to show many different types of persons: some beautifully or badly, or more or less proportioned than others. As such it would be very wrong to try and find in each of his figures the most exact and correct proportions, such as the ones presently needed and which can be found by way of our Circle, according to the before described attributions. Which is even more evident when we look at the mistakes he made, this being one of the best-proportioned figures of all the ones in his book, we shall be discussing it as one of the most perfect examples he could show. | ||
− | |Combien que nous ne voulions pas nous vanter de conteroller, ne de reprendre ce grād flambeau des Peintres en la | + | |Combien que nous ne voulions pas nous vanter de conteroller, ne de reprendre ce grād flambeau des Peintres en la science des proportions, où il a mis tant d’estude, & en a merité si grande louange. Car nous tenons pour chose seure, qu’en sondit livre de Proportions, son intention a esté de representer plusieurs & differentes sortes de personnes; les unes bien ou mal, ou moins ou mieux proportionnées, que les autres: en sorte que ce seroit luy faire un grād tort de recercher en chasque figure la plus exaćte & correćte proportion, que nous requerons presentement, & nous persuadons de l’avoir trouvée par cestuy nostre Cercle, selon les assignations au paravant declarées. Ce qui sera encor plus manifeste par la confrontation des fautes de la sienne, laquelle estant l’une des mieux proportionnées d’entre toutes celles qui soyent dedans son livre, nous en parlerons comme de l’un des plus parfaits exemplaires, qu’il a sceu proposer. |
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|Firstly, then, there is a fault in that the neck is far too long, and consequently the height of the shoulders, the underarms, and nipples are all too low. The error in the length of the neck is immediately evident on closer inspection. The distance between the top of the shoulders and the earlobes is the same as or more than the length of the face, which should not be so. | |Firstly, then, there is a fault in that the neck is far too long, and consequently the height of the shoulders, the underarms, and nipples are all too low. The error in the length of the neck is immediately evident on closer inspection. The distance between the top of the shoulders and the earlobes is the same as or more than the length of the face, which should not be so. | ||
− | |Premierement donc il y a de la faute en ce qu’il en a fait le col de beaucoup trop long, & par | + | |Premierement donc il y a de la faute en ce qu’il en a fait le col de beaucoup trop long, & par consequent le haut des espaules, les aixelles, & les mammelles trop basses. Dont la faute touchant la mesure du col est toute evidente, en y prenant garde de pres. Car l’espace, qui est depuis le haut des espaules jusqu’au mollet de l’oreille, est autant ou plus, que l’entiere longueur de la face: ce qui ne peut nullement consister. |
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|Next there is another error, that he has drawn the bottom of the butt-cheeks too high, so that they are hardly proportioned compared to the rest of the body. To correct this fault, it is necessary to have the bottom of the pelvis slightly lower, as shown by line O. From this same fault, several more follow in locating the thigh muscles. | |Next there is another error, that he has drawn the bottom of the butt-cheeks too high, so that they are hardly proportioned compared to the rest of the body. To correct this fault, it is necessary to have the bottom of the pelvis slightly lower, as shown by line O. From this same fault, several more follow in locating the thigh muscles. | ||
− | |Apres il y en a encore une, en ce qu’il a placé le bout des | + | |Apres il y en a encore une, en ce qu’il a placé le bout des fesses trop haut, en sorte qu’elles ne sont guere proportionnées en grande à tout le reste de la personne. Pour corriger la faute, il est necessaire, que l’endroit du fondement soit ordonné plus bas, comme il est monstré par la ligne O. Or de ceste mesme faute il en procede encores quelques autres à l’endroit du muscle de la cuisse. |
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|The third error consists of his putting the top of the knee too high. Thus he made the thigh too short, and the leg too long, attibuting to both almost the same length, which is not according to nature. The thigh is longer, so that the top of the knee should be at the level of the line S. Consequently the knee should be lower and the shin shorter. | |The third error consists of his putting the top of the knee too high. Thus he made the thigh too short, and the leg too long, attibuting to both almost the same length, which is not according to nature. The thigh is longer, so that the top of the knee should be at the level of the line S. Consequently the knee should be lower and the shin shorter. | ||
− | |La | + | |La troisieme erreur consiste en ce qu’il met la partie superieure du genou trop haute. Dont s’ensuit qu’il fait la cuisse trop courte, & la jambe trop longue, attribuant quasi une mesme longueur à l’une & à l’autre; ce qu est contre nature. Car la cuisse est plus longue; de sorte que le surgenou doit estre placé à l’endroit de la ligne S; & par consequent aussi le genou plus bas, afin que la greve en soit accourcie. |
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|As to the rest, if there are any differences or unjustified manipulation concerning the leg, that hardly matters at all. | |As to the rest, if there are any differences or unjustified manipulation concerning the leg, that hardly matters at all. | ||
− | |Au | + | |Au reste s’il y a quelque difference, ou abus, en ce qui touche le mollet de la jambe, celà n’importe point grand chose. |
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|But much more serious is the fault made in the length of the foot. He made it almost as large as the entire shin-bone. I percieve it should not be longer than the size of the head, as is shown in the preceeding Plate. | |But much more serious is the fault made in the length of the foot. He made it almost as large as the entire shin-bone. I percieve it should not be longer than the size of the head, as is shown in the preceeding Plate. | ||
− | |Mais bien plus grand | + | |Mais bien plus grand est la faute commise en l’ordonnance de la longueur du pied; le quel il a fait quasi aussi grand qu l’os de la greve tout entier; jaçoit qu’il ne deust estre que la longueur de la teste. comme il est monstré en la Table precedente. |
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|As to the arm, which is shown behind the back of the figure, there is a big mistake in the sizing of the hand. As demonstrated on the Circle in the previous Plate, the length of the hand should be the same as the width of the face, which is equal to half of one side of the Quadrangles. This proportion he should have followed, and would not have tripped into the big mistake of making the hand almost as long as the lower half of the arm. | |As to the arm, which is shown behind the back of the figure, there is a big mistake in the sizing of the hand. As demonstrated on the Circle in the previous Plate, the length of the hand should be the same as the width of the face, which is equal to half of one side of the Quadrangles. This proportion he should have followed, and would not have tripped into the big mistake of making the hand almost as long as the lower half of the arm. | ||
− | |Touchant le bras, qui | + | |Touchant le bras, qui est representé derriere le dos de la figure, il y a une grande faute en l’ordonnance de la main. Car suivant les demonstrations du Cercle cy dessus expliquées, la longueur d’icelle ne devoit estre, que de la largeur de visage, qui est egale à la moitié des costes des Quadrangles. Laquelle proportion il devoit avoir suivie, & ne fust point tresbuché en ceste lourde faute de mettre, comme il a fait, la longueur de la main quasi tout aussi grande, que l’enferieure moitié du bras. |
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|It is my estimation that this comparison will demonstrate one superior use for this Circle, and could be the only, that these proportions, from which we draw our skill in this activity, would be seized upon by all those who wish to honestly study this subject. I have also been in communication with several knowledgeable people, anatomists and painters whose opinions, for the most part, favoured my side. The correctness of my attributes can be quickly judged by eye, and experimentally by taking measurments. This way, as done with this figure, anyone can discover and correct faults which have been made by artists in their works. | |It is my estimation that this comparison will demonstrate one superior use for this Circle, and could be the only, that these proportions, from which we draw our skill in this activity, would be seized upon by all those who wish to honestly study this subject. I have also been in communication with several knowledgeable people, anatomists and painters whose opinions, for the most part, favoured my side. The correctness of my attributes can be quickly judged by eye, and experimentally by taking measurments. This way, as done with this figure, anyone can discover and correct faults which have been made by artists in their works. | ||
− | | | + | |I’estime que ceste confrontation demonstrera une excellence en l’usage de ce Cercle, & ne pourra estre, que les proportions, que nous en tirons pour l’adresse de nostre exercice, ne soyent grandement prisées de tous ceux qui voudront examiner la chose sans aucun prejudice. Aussi en avons nous communiqué avec plusieurs personnes curieuses & d’entendement, Anatomistes & Peintres, qui sont tombez pour la plus part de nostre costé: par ce que la verité de nos assignations se peut comme juger à l’œil, & par l’experience d’en prendre la mesure; jusques là mesmes que par ceste figure se peuvent descouvrir & corriger les fautes, qui auront esté commises par les Peintres és ordonnances de leurs ouvrages. |
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|So this is what I thought it best to add to the above explanation of the preceeding Plate, concerning the concordance between the Circle and all the principle dimensions of the human body, so as to make even clearer how this figure can be used to understand the ground, or the Traning Plan, and to describe all the proportions of the Distances, and consequently the confidence to perform the appropriate movements. As well, so that those who will make the effort to spend time on their exercises on it, will soon come to admire its effeciveness. | |So this is what I thought it best to add to the above explanation of the preceeding Plate, concerning the concordance between the Circle and all the principle dimensions of the human body, so as to make even clearer how this figure can be used to understand the ground, or the Traning Plan, and to describe all the proportions of the Distances, and consequently the confidence to perform the appropriate movements. As well, so that those who will make the effort to spend time on their exercises on it, will soon come to admire its effeciveness. | ||
− | |Et voilà ce que nous avons trouvé bon | + | |Et voilà ce que nous avons trouvé bon d’adjouster par dessus l’explication du Tableau precedent, touchant la convenance de cest figure avec le corps humain en toutes ses principales parties: afin qu’il paroisse d’autant plus clairement, comment elle nous doit servir d’une delineation du Terrain, ou du Plan d’Armes, pour declarer toutes les proportions des Distances, & consequemment aussi l’asseurance d’y appliquer les mouvements convenables; ainsi que ceux, qui prendront la peine de faire quelque espace de temps leurs exercices dessus, le trouveront en effećt & avec admiration. |
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|''the hilt, the handle, and the pommel, the sword-hanger and sword-strap, as shown within the Circle, and in relation to the body of the person, wherein one can see their perfection through the elegance of each part, and by the ease of use.'' | |''the hilt, the handle, and the pommel, the sword-hanger and sword-strap, as shown within the Circle, and in relation to the body of the person, wherein one can see their perfection through the elegance of each part, and by the ease of use.'' | ||
− | |''Garde, de la Poignee, & du Pommeau, du Pendant de | + | |''Garde, de la Poignee, & du Pommeau, du Pendant de l’espee, & du Ceinturon, demonstrées par nostre Cercle, & rappportées au corps de la personne, où elles font voire leur perfećtion par la bienfeance du part, & par la comodité de l’usage.'' |
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|Now it is necessary that the sword itself have its own proportion with regard to the human body, and to the Circle (which we have already shown in the preceeding Plate) , I shall demonstrate the rest, so one may see how I have not introduced a single change, subtle or obvious, not to the hilt, nor to the sword-strap, nor the sword-hanger, that does not have a good reason for it. | |Now it is necessary that the sword itself have its own proportion with regard to the human body, and to the Circle (which we have already shown in the preceeding Plate) , I shall demonstrate the rest, so one may see how I have not introduced a single change, subtle or obvious, not to the hilt, nor to the sword-strap, nor the sword-hanger, that does not have a good reason for it. | ||
− | |Maintenant puis qu’il | + | |Maintenant puis qu’il est necessaire, que l’Espee mesme ait aussi sa proportion, qui corresponde au corps de la personne, & au Cercle (comme nous l’avons desia fait paroistre au Tableau precedent pour le regard de la lame) nous poursuivrons à ceste heure à en demonstrer aussi le reste; afin qu’on voye, tant en la Garde, comme au Ceinturon, & au Pendant d’Espee, que nous n’avons introduit aucun changement du monde sans raison non moins evidente, que grande. |
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|In each of the two Quadrangles at the end of the Perpendicular Diameter line, along the edge of the Square Extension, is an image of the entire hilt, including the handle and pommel, which you can see is divided into three parts. Firstly, the image is divided into equal halves by the line across the centre of the Quadrangle. Then one of these parts is divided again in half by the Collateral Line. As I say, the length of the hilt should be the same as the distance from the point where the Collateral Line crosses the centre-line of the Quadrangle to the edge. The handle together with the pommel should be as long as the distance from the centre of the Quadrangle to the edge, which is twice as long as the Guard in front of the crosspiece. The pommel should be of a form more extended than oval. | |In each of the two Quadrangles at the end of the Perpendicular Diameter line, along the edge of the Square Extension, is an image of the entire hilt, including the handle and pommel, which you can see is divided into three parts. Firstly, the image is divided into equal halves by the line across the centre of the Quadrangle. Then one of these parts is divided again in half by the Collateral Line. As I say, the length of the hilt should be the same as the distance from the point where the Collateral Line crosses the centre-line of the Quadrangle to the edge. The handle together with the pommel should be as long as the distance from the centre of the Quadrangle to the edge, which is twice as long as the Guard in front of the crosspiece. The pommel should be of a form more extended than oval. | ||
− | |Or donc voicy que nous vous | + | |Or donc voicy que nous vous representons la forme entiere de la Garde, & de la Poignee, ensemble avec le Pommeau, au dedans de ces deux Quadrangles opposites sur la longueur de l’Esquirre: laquelle piece on voit estre divisée en trois parties. car premierement elle y est my-partie en deux moitiez egales à travers le centre du Quadrangle; & puis l’une desdites moitiez derechef en deux egales moindres parties par la ligne Collaterale. Suivant laquelle presupposition je dis, que la Garde doit avoir en longueur autant qu’il y a depuis l’entrecoupure de la Collateralle jusqu’au Centre: & la Poignee ensemble avec le Pommeau, autant qu’il y a depuis le Centre jusqu’au costé du Quadrangle, qui est deux fois autant, vous avertissant par mesme voye, que le pommeau doit estre de forme un peu plus longue, que ovale. |
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|The length of the crossguard should be equal the the Pedal line, that is, the length of the foot. The rest will be covered later on. | |The length of the crossguard should be equal the the Pedal line, that is, the length of the foot. The rest will be covered later on. | ||
− | |La longueur des Branches de la croix dit | + | |La longueur des Branches de la croix dit estre comme la ligne Pedale, & par consequent egale à la longueur de la plante d’un pied. Le reste soit fait à l’advenant. |
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|From these measurements it is easily understood that this shall be the form of the hilt, not the new designs that appear almost daily with so little basis, that it appears to no more than a simple ornament for decoration rather than something that one will use in a time of dire need. Some have crosspieces twisted, or bent; others have large handles, round, or flattened; others will have bows sweeping around the hand. All this for the sake of, I don’t know what display of courage, or more likely cowardice, according to the Spanish proverb: “Cargado de hierro, cargado miedo.” (Loaded with steel, loaded with fear) The form we have given it is simple and honest, just as in polite, civil conversation, and yet leaves out nothing that would be needed for defense. | |From these measurements it is easily understood that this shall be the form of the hilt, not the new designs that appear almost daily with so little basis, that it appears to no more than a simple ornament for decoration rather than something that one will use in a time of dire need. Some have crosspieces twisted, or bent; others have large handles, round, or flattened; others will have bows sweeping around the hand. All this for the sake of, I don’t know what display of courage, or more likely cowardice, according to the Spanish proverb: “Cargado de hierro, cargado miedo.” (Loaded with steel, loaded with fear) The form we have given it is simple and honest, just as in polite, civil conversation, and yet leaves out nothing that would be needed for defense. | ||
− | |Par | + | |Par lesquelles mesures il s’entend, qu’elle sera la forme de la Garde, alentour de laquelle on apporte journellement tant de nouvelles inventions & avec si peu de fondement, comme si la façon n’estoit que pour servir d’un simple ornement de la personne, plustost que pour quelque à faire, qu’on en pourroit avoir en tēps de necessité. Les uns font les banches crochues, ou courbées; le pommeaux grands, rond, plats par dessus; d’autres y font comme des corbeilles alentour de la poignee; le tout pour faire, je ne sçay quelle parade de courage, ou plustost de couradise, selon le proverbe E-pagnol, qui dit, Cargado de hierro, cargado miedo. La forme que nous luy donnons est simple & honeste, mesme en la conversation civile; & ne laisse portant d’estre du tout suffisante à la defense. |
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|After this description of the form of the hilt, it is only reasonable to explain the reasons for these measurements, to show how perfectly they work. | |After this description of the form of the hilt, it is only reasonable to explain the reasons for these measurements, to show how perfectly they work. | ||
− | |Apres la | + | |Apres la description de ceste forme, il est raisonnable d’en expliquer aussi les raisons des mesures, pour demonstrer sa perfećtion. |
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|The length of the pommel and handle were made equal to half the width of the Quadrangle: the distance from the edge to the line of the Extended Square which passes through the centre, which is the length of a hand. Of this, the Pommel takes up about half the length, so the rest of the handle is slightly longer than the width of a palm. This is a proper size to take the hilt in hand, however one chooses, and principally in my method. This length, almost the width of a palm, fits exactly into the hand of a person, which is what makes this size so very convenient. | |The length of the pommel and handle were made equal to half the width of the Quadrangle: the distance from the edge to the line of the Extended Square which passes through the centre, which is the length of a hand. Of this, the Pommel takes up about half the length, so the rest of the handle is slightly longer than the width of a palm. This is a proper size to take the hilt in hand, however one chooses, and principally in my method. This length, almost the width of a palm, fits exactly into the hand of a person, which is what makes this size so very convenient. | ||
− | |La longueur du Pommeau avec la Poignee, nous l’avons faite egale à la ligne de | + | |La longueur du Pommeau avec la Poignee, nous l’avons faite egale à la ligne de l’Esquierre depuis le costé du Quadrangle jusques au centre, qui est la juste longueur d’un main, dont it faut un peu moins que la moitié pour le Pommeau, en sorte que le reste en demeure un pau davantage qu’une paulme; qui est une juste mesure de la garde pour estre empoignée, en toutes sortes qu’on voudra, & principalement à nostre mode. Et en procede la commodité de ce que une telle longueur est justement capable de loger le poing de la personne, qui est à peu pres egal à une paulme. |
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|The Guard in front of the crosspiece must also have its proper length, which is half the size of the handle and pommel. It shall become apparent in our exercise, at times when one must close the direct line with a simultaneous parry and thrust, without taking the hand off the line, even for a moment, that it will be possible when the guard is this proper length, but otherwise not. | |The Guard in front of the crosspiece must also have its proper length, which is half the size of the handle and pommel. It shall become apparent in our exercise, at times when one must close the direct line with a simultaneous parry and thrust, without taking the hand off the line, even for a moment, that it will be possible when the guard is this proper length, but otherwise not. | ||
− | |La Garde doit | + | |La Garde doit aussi avoir sa juste longueur depuis les branches en avant, assavoir la juste moitié de la longueur precedente. Ce qui approistra par experience en nostre exercice, quād il sera question de fermer la droite ligne, en parant & blessant tout à mesme temps, sans forligner de la main, prou ne peu, car en cas que la garde ait ceste cōpetente mesure de longueur, elle y sera capable, & autrement point. |
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|The same applies to the crosspiece, which, if they are not of the proper length, will be inconvenient and will fail in their principal function. That is, they catch, sieze, and constrain the opponent’s blade from making any large movements around the hilt. Just as city’s ramparts are there not just to stop the enemy’s attack with their thickness, they are also there to provide an offensive defense, to throw them back, and knock them over. Likewise the hilt is the person’s rampart, who uses the crosspieces to undermine his Adversary, as well as it provides a simple defense, and works as a form of small-shield behind as much as one can use for cover or to hide behind. | |The same applies to the crosspiece, which, if they are not of the proper length, will be inconvenient and will fail in their principal function. That is, they catch, sieze, and constrain the opponent’s blade from making any large movements around the hilt. Just as city’s ramparts are there not just to stop the enemy’s attack with their thickness, they are also there to provide an offensive defense, to throw them back, and knock them over. Likewise the hilt is the person’s rampart, who uses the crosspieces to undermine his Adversary, as well as it provides a simple defense, and works as a form of small-shield behind as much as one can use for cover or to hide behind. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le mesme en sera touchant les Branches de la croix, lesquelles, si elles defaillent de la juste proportion de leur mesure, en seront incommodées & defaillantes en leur principal usage; qui est de surprendre, serrer, & contraindre la lame contraire à faire des grands mouvements & des grand circuits à l’entour de la garde. Car ainsi que les remparts d’une ville ne doivent pas simplement empescher les assauts de Ennemis par l’entremise de leur corpulence, mail beaucoup plus par les defenses offensives, qui les puissent rembarer & renverser par terre; ainsi la garde, qui est le rempart de la personne, se doit prevaloir principalement de ses branches pour contreminer l’Adversaire, aussi bien qu’elle fait une simple defense, & parade en forme d’escusson, entant que le corps s’en peut aucunement couvrir, ou se cacher derriere. |
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|So, having now dealt with the correct and most advantageous dimensions of the sword, we subsequently, with equal brevity and clarity, turn to the most suitable Sword-strap and Hanger, both for carrying the sword at the side and for drawing from its scabbard. | |So, having now dealt with the correct and most advantageous dimensions of the sword, we subsequently, with equal brevity and clarity, turn to the most suitable Sword-strap and Hanger, both for carrying the sword at the side and for drawing from its scabbard. | ||
− | |Voilà donc | + | |Voilà donc jusqu’à maintenant les vrayes & les plus avantageuses mesures de l’Espee, lesquelles estant achevées, nous traitterons consequement avec pareille briesveté & perspicuité du Ceinturon & du Pendant d’espee, qui soyent les mieux feants, & les plus-commodes, tant pour la porter à costé, que pour la desgainer. |
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|Let us first speak of the dimensions of the hanger and each part of it. The length from the belt to the blade should be equal to the distance along the Diameter from the Circumference to the Pedal Line. This is the most convenient size as much for wearing the sword, as for ease in drawing it from its scabbard. | |Let us first speak of the dimensions of the hanger and each part of it. The length from the belt to the blade should be equal to the distance along the Diameter from the Circumference to the Pedal Line. This is the most convenient size as much for wearing the sword, as for ease in drawing it from its scabbard. | ||
− | |Parlons premierent des | + | |Parlons premierent des mesures du Pendant de l’espee, & de chascune à part. Nous disons, que sa longueur doit estre egale à la partie adjoustée du Diametre depuis la Circonference jusqu’à la ligne Pedale; & que c’est là la plus convenable mesure de toutes en longueur, tant pour tenir l’espee attachée au corps, que pour en faire le desgainement avec plus de facilité. |
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|As to the width, it should be equal the the Pedal Line of the Circle. This shows that the bottom of the circle can be used as a pattern for the hanger. | |As to the width, it should be equal the the Pedal Line of the Circle. This shows that the bottom of the circle can be used as a pattern for the hanger. | ||
− | |Et au regard de | + | |Et au regard de sa largeur, en voilà la mesure, qui est representée sur nostre Cercle par la ligne Pedale; demonstrant le plus bas & comme la base de la figure entiere de nostre Pendent de l’espee. |
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|The entire sword hanger should be made in the form of a triangle, such as the one that appears again in each of the four Quadrangles of the Circle, with the Pedal Line as the base and the two Collaterals for the two sides, which can be used as the pattern. The illustrator did not follow this rule when he drew the hanger, visible on the first figure at the bottom of the Plate, showing the current vulgar fashion of having curved edges, which are not the best form. It would be better and more useful to have straight edges, like the form of the triangles in the Circle. The reason is the outwardly curved edges can rub and catch on various pieces of clothing and accoutrements one may be wearing. This makes carrying a sword far more annoying than if the edges were straight. | |The entire sword hanger should be made in the form of a triangle, such as the one that appears again in each of the four Quadrangles of the Circle, with the Pedal Line as the base and the two Collaterals for the two sides, which can be used as the pattern. The illustrator did not follow this rule when he drew the hanger, visible on the first figure at the bottom of the Plate, showing the current vulgar fashion of having curved edges, which are not the best form. It would be better and more useful to have straight edges, like the form of the triangles in the Circle. The reason is the outwardly curved edges can rub and catch on various pieces of clothing and accoutrements one may be wearing. This makes carrying a sword far more annoying than if the edges were straight. | ||
− | |Car il faut que la figure entiere en | + | |Car il faut que la figure entiere en soit faite en forme triangulaire, comme il est representé derechef en ce mesme Cercle au dedās de chascun des Quadrangles, prenant la ligne Pedale pour la base, & les deux Collaterales pour les deux costez, à l’imitation duquel triangle il faut aussi façonner le pendant de l’espee. Encores que le Peintre n’a pas bien ensuivi ceste regle, quand il a representé les deux costez du pendent de l’espee courbez, en la Premiere figure de ces deux personnages, qui sont au bas de la Table, il a ensuivi la mode vulgaire, qui n’est pas la meilleure, il vaudroit mieux, & seroit plus commode que les bords fussent droits, selon la figure du triangle, qui en demonstre la forme; à raison qu’estants courbez en dehors, il peut advenir qu’ils aboutissent & s’attachent quelque part au corps, ou aux accoustrements, & qu’ils donnent alors plus de fascherie à porter l’espee, ce qu’ils ne feroyent pas, s’ils estoyent droits. |
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|As to the length of the sword-strap, we take the length on our Circle, that is the part of the Diameter from the Circumference to the very end of the Circumscribed Square. This line is equal to the diagonal of the Quadrangle, which is twice the Pedal line. From C to A is 4, the perpendicular length of the Hanger is 3, from C to the Pedal Line. Finally across the base at its largest is 2, from C to the centre of the Quadrangle. | |As to the length of the sword-strap, we take the length on our Circle, that is the part of the Diameter from the Circumference to the very end of the Circumscribed Square. This line is equal to the diagonal of the Quadrangle, which is twice the Pedal line. From C to A is 4, the perpendicular length of the Hanger is 3, from C to the Pedal Line. Finally across the base at its largest is 2, from C to the centre of the Quadrangle. | ||
− | |Quant | + | |Quant est de la longueur du Ceinturon, nous en prenons aussi la mesure sur nostre Cercle, assavoir en la partie adjoustée au Diametre depuis la Circōference jusqu’au dernier bout du Quarré circonscrit. Et puis que ceste ligne est egale à la Diagonale du Quadrangle, qui est le double de la ligne Pedale; comme 4. de C jusques à A, que le Pendent en sa longueur perpendiculaire en sera comme 3. de C jusqu’à la Pedale; & finalement sur la base en son plus large comme 2. de C jusqu’au centre du Quadrangle. |
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|The topic of the correct sizes for the sword-strap and hanger will, I believe, produce many more counterarguments than the sword itself, since the changes we are introducing are greater than for the sword. We have the hanger longer and the strap shorter than usual. The means of wearing the sword by the side, with the strap and hanger (as shown by the two figures at the bottom of the Plate), is quite different from the usual way. We attach the belt-strap to the belt-buckle in front, and the hanger well forward in back, instead of the typical means of attaching the hanger to the left side at the hip and the belt-strap across the back to the right side, almost under the arm. I could cut all arguments short by simply referring to the two figures A & B which are sized proportionally to the same Circle: their heights equal CV, their swords half the diameter, their arms a third of the Diameter, and so on. Their sword-straps are equal to the Extended Diameter, their hangers equal to one third that length, the hanger widths the same as the Pedal Line, they are wearing these as I described and one can easily see from these images how easily and gracefully the sword can be worn and drawn, more than if it were carried in the usual style. These figures alone could be sufficient proof of what I am saying, being perfectly proportioned. Nontheless, to answer clearly to all counters and objections, I shall put forth further clarifications enough to convince them to change the way they carry their swords. | |The topic of the correct sizes for the sword-strap and hanger will, I believe, produce many more counterarguments than the sword itself, since the changes we are introducing are greater than for the sword. We have the hanger longer and the strap shorter than usual. The means of wearing the sword by the side, with the strap and hanger (as shown by the two figures at the bottom of the Plate), is quite different from the usual way. We attach the belt-strap to the belt-buckle in front, and the hanger well forward in back, instead of the typical means of attaching the hanger to the left side at the hip and the belt-strap across the back to the right side, almost under the arm. I could cut all arguments short by simply referring to the two figures A & B which are sized proportionally to the same Circle: their heights equal CV, their swords half the diameter, their arms a third of the Diameter, and so on. Their sword-straps are equal to the Extended Diameter, their hangers equal to one third that length, the hanger widths the same as the Pedal Line, they are wearing these as I described and one can easily see from these images how easily and gracefully the sword can be worn and drawn, more than if it were carried in the usual style. These figures alone could be sufficient proof of what I am saying, being perfectly proportioned. Nontheless, to answer clearly to all counters and objections, I shall put forth further clarifications enough to convince them to change the way they carry their swords. | ||
− | |Ie croy bien que nous aurons plus de | + | |Ie croy bien que nous aurons plus de contredisants en ceste matiere, qui est de recercher les justes mesures du Ceinturon & du Pendant de l’Espee, qu’en la precedente, qui a esté de l’espee mesme. Aussi le changement, que nous y introduisons, est plus grand, que l’autre. Car nous prenons le ceinturon plus court, & le pendant plus long, qu’à l’ordinaire. Et touchant la maniere de porter l’espee à costé, avec lesdites ceinturons & pendants (qui est representée par les deux personnages d’embas;) la difference en est aussi fort remarquable d’avec la mode vulgaire: parce qu nous attachons le ceinturon sur le milieu du ventre, & consequemment aussi le pendant de l’espee bien avant en derriere; au lieu de les attacher & pendre, à la mode ordinaire, l’un au costé droit, quasi dessous le bras, & l’autre sur la hanche due costé gauche. Il est vray que pour couper broche à toutes disputes, qui en pourroyent fourdre, nous nous pourrions rapporter simplement à ces deux personnages A. B. qui sont mesurez selon la proportion du mesme Cercle: estant leurs hauteurs compassées sur la longueur de CV; les espees sur la moitié du Diametre; les bras sur un tiers du mesme; & le reste à l’advenant: aussi les ceinturons sur l’une des parties prolongées du Diametre, les pendants de leurs espees sur trois quarts de la mesme partie en longueur, & en largeur sur la ligne Pedale: portants lesdits ceinturons & pendants selon nostre description; & que leurs figures estants representées, on y voit une merveilleuse grace à porter & à desgainer l’espee, plus grande qu’elle n’est en la façon ordinaire. de sorte que le seul regard de ces figures nous pourroit servir de suffisante preuve pour ce que nous en pretendons, puis qu’il y appparoist la plus parfaite proportion, qu’on pourroit souhaiter en telle chose. Toutesfois pour respondre clairement à tout ce que plusierurs voudront objećter alencontre, nous mettrons icy les considerations en avant, qui nous ont persuadez à quitter leur costume, pour en ordonner une autre meillure. |
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|The principal motivation for change was the graceless, inconvenient manner in which most hang their swords at their sides, loosely, without any support from the sword-strap, which is too long, and which cannot do anything but keep the sword from swinging too far around, and does not support it at all. There are many who wrap the strap around their belt to shorten it, so that it can provide some support, which is an indisputable argument that this is not the proper length. Even without mentioning as well, that the tip of their sword is usually so high, and notably while running or when on horseback, that apart from the inelegance, man and horse are both inconvenienced, the tip of the sword falling down, like a spur, across the back, instead of hanging conveniently by the side, as a weapon intended to be aid. In fact one can see, in several Gentlemen and Knights, who are of a certain age, will carry their swords in the way I have described which is an older, easier, and better style of carrying a sword. Many were recklessly mislead from this path, by those who, in the past few years, have also introduced a clumsy style, used principally by the French, that seems to be adapted to fit the equipment, but not the wearer, and with no regard for the mechanics of using the sword, which should be the sole consideration in the design of the hanger. The mistake originated from the lack of any definite measurement for the sword-strap or the hanger, which means that at various times, fashion changed how they were made, long, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter again, than it should be according to my measurements, so one should not be astonished that people are making mistakes. | |The principal motivation for change was the graceless, inconvenient manner in which most hang their swords at their sides, loosely, without any support from the sword-strap, which is too long, and which cannot do anything but keep the sword from swinging too far around, and does not support it at all. There are many who wrap the strap around their belt to shorten it, so that it can provide some support, which is an indisputable argument that this is not the proper length. Even without mentioning as well, that the tip of their sword is usually so high, and notably while running or when on horseback, that apart from the inelegance, man and horse are both inconvenienced, the tip of the sword falling down, like a spur, across the back, instead of hanging conveniently by the side, as a weapon intended to be aid. In fact one can see, in several Gentlemen and Knights, who are of a certain age, will carry their swords in the way I have described which is an older, easier, and better style of carrying a sword. Many were recklessly mislead from this path, by those who, in the past few years, have also introduced a clumsy style, used principally by the French, that seems to be adapted to fit the equipment, but not the wearer, and with no regard for the mechanics of using the sword, which should be the sole consideration in the design of the hanger. The mistake originated from the lack of any definite measurement for the sword-strap or the hanger, which means that at various times, fashion changed how they were made, long, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter again, than it should be according to my measurements, so one should not be astonished that people are making mistakes. | ||
− | |Le Principal motif du changement a | + | |Le Principal motif du changement a esté, de voir la male grace, & l’incommodité de leur maniere; qui est telle que les espees leur pendent ordinairement au corps, sans aucune fermeté, sans estre soustenues par le ceinturon, à cause de sa longueur, qui ne peut faire autre chose, que retenir seulement l’espee qu’elle ne se recule pas trop en arriere, non pas la soustenir. dont il y en a plusieurs qui s’entortillent le ceinturon alentour de la ceinture, pour le raccourcir, afin qu’il aide à soustenir; qui est un argument infallible, de n’avoir pas sa juste mesure: sans ce qu’on voit pareillement, que la pointe de l’espee leur vient ordinairement si haut, & notamment en courrant, ou allant à cheval, que outre la malseance, ils en sont incommodez homme & cheval touts ensemble, la pointe de l’espee luy tombant, quasi comme un esperon, sur le dos, au lieu de s’accommoder honnestement au corps de la personne, car les armes sont inventées pour aides. Et de fait on voit, que plusieurs Gentils hommes & Chevaliers, qui sont un peu en aage, portent leurs espees à la mode de nostre description, qui est la plus ancienne, plus facile, & mieux fondée de toutes les autres: de laquelle se sont temerairement fourvoyez, ceux qui en ont introduit depuis quelques annees une autre de fort mauvaise grace, usitée principalement des François, & accommodée, selon qu’il me semble, plustost à la proportion de leurs accoustrements, que de leurs corps, sans nul esgard de l’usage, qui devoit estre la seule & unique intention de l’ordonnance. Or l’erreur a prins son origine de ce qu’il n’y a pas eu de certaine mesure sur les Ceinturons & Pendants d’espees, de sorte qu’on les a changez de temps en temps, & les a on portez aucunesfois longs, & plus longs, & plus courts derechef, que nostre assignation ne monstre, dont il ne se faut pas esbahir, s’il en procede des fautes. |
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|These inconveniences and others are avoided by my method of using a shorter sword-strap, which is able to lift and support the weight of the hanger and sword, along with a longer hanger than usual, attached behind the left shoulder, as is portrayed at the bottom of the Plate by the first person. It is quite true that this hanger would be too long if it were not pulled towards the front, and thus shortened by the sword-strap. The shortness of the sword-strap lifts it so that the hilt, the scabbard, and the tip are all pulled into their proper height, and snugly held against the body, in a way that is both convenient and elegant. I think most should find this arrangement convenient, both for carrying, as the first figure in the Plate shows, and for drawing, as the second one shows. One draws the sword with easy, natural movements, without any need for extra force or awkward moves. | |These inconveniences and others are avoided by my method of using a shorter sword-strap, which is able to lift and support the weight of the hanger and sword, along with a longer hanger than usual, attached behind the left shoulder, as is portrayed at the bottom of the Plate by the first person. It is quite true that this hanger would be too long if it were not pulled towards the front, and thus shortened by the sword-strap. The shortness of the sword-strap lifts it so that the hilt, the scabbard, and the tip are all pulled into their proper height, and snugly held against the body, in a way that is both convenient and elegant. I think most should find this arrangement convenient, both for carrying, as the first figure in the Plate shows, and for drawing, as the second one shows. One draws the sword with easy, natural movements, without any need for extra force or awkward moves. | ||
− | |Ces inconvenients, & | + | |Ces inconvenients, & plusieurs autres semblables on les previendra, en usant à nostre mode d’un centuron plus court, qui soit capable de souslever la charge du pendent de l’espee; & d’un pendant plus long qu’à l’ordinaire, attaché derriere l’espaule gauche, ainsi qu’il est pourtrait, au bas de ce Tableau en la premiere personne. Or il est vray que ce pendant d’espee seroit sans faute trop long, s’il n’estoit retiré en avant, & comme raccourci par l’assistence du ceinturon: duquel la briefveté le souslage tellement, que la garde & le fourreau, & la pointe en viennent chascun en leur juste & convenable hauteur; ayant le ceinturon, le fourreau, & le pendant d’espee tellement affermis & serrez contre le corps, qu’il en reussit la parfaite proportion de la commodité & de la bienseance, qu’on y pourroit souhaiter pour entier contentement, tant en matiere de porter l’espee au costé, que pour la tirer hors du fourreau, dont l’un se voit en la premiere, & l’autre en la seconde figure au bas de la Table. Car au fait du desgainement, ceste maniere s’y accommode si parfaitment, qu’on le peut parfaire sans y appliquer aucune force, ny aucun mouvement, que naturel & ordinaire. |
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|Because we propose to cover the drawing of the sword more completely in the next Plate, all that is to say here is to note that this means of carrying is elegant, and no more than that. I shall only add here the reasons for this change and why one should attach the sword-strap to the belt-buckle in front and the hanger on the back below the left shoulder, as shown in the figures. To begin with, do not attach either in a way that does not carry some of the weight; just as one would not attach two horses to a carriage in a way that only one does the work. Just as both work together to carry the load, and are support each other, likewise the strap and hanger work together to support the sword and hold it firmly by the side, whether on horseback, or on foot. From this hypothesis I draw the following conclusions. | |Because we propose to cover the drawing of the sword more completely in the next Plate, all that is to say here is to note that this means of carrying is elegant, and no more than that. I shall only add here the reasons for this change and why one should attach the sword-strap to the belt-buckle in front and the hanger on the back below the left shoulder, as shown in the figures. To begin with, do not attach either in a way that does not carry some of the weight; just as one would not attach two horses to a carriage in a way that only one does the work. Just as both work together to carry the load, and are support each other, likewise the strap and hanger work together to support the sword and hold it firmly by the side, whether on horseback, or on foot. From this hypothesis I draw the following conclusions. | ||
− | |Mais puis que nous avons | + | |Mais puis que nous avons proposé de traiter ceste matiere du desgainement tout à plein en la Table suivante, & que ce n’est icy proprement le lieu de parler, que de la bienseance du port; nous ne passerons point plus outre, nous contentants d’adjouster icy simplement les raisons du changement; & les causes pour lesquelles on doit attacher les susdits ceinturon, & pendant d’espee, sur le milieu du ventre, & derriere l’espaule gauche, comme les figures demonstrent. A l’entree de ces considerations nous mettons pour fondement general, que ny le Centuron, ny le Pendant, ne doivent pas estre attaches au corps de la personne sans aucun usage: car comme on ne met pas une couple de chevaux à la charue, afin qu’un seul en soustienne toute la charge, mais qu’ils s’entraident, & soulagent mutuellement: aussi voulons nous pareillement, que le ceinturon & le pendant s’entreaident à porter l’espee, & à la tenir deuement affermie contre le corps, tant à cheval, qu’à pied. De ceste hypothese sont tirées les conclusions suivantes. |
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− | + | | First, do not attach the strap to the right and the hanger on the left side, as is the usual custom. Because if the strap is not supporting the sword, it will drop down in a loop across the knees. That is why it should attach to the middle of the torso, and from that, it follows that I attach the hanger more in back, so the sword is at the side, a little behind, supported by the hanger with help from the strap. The sword is firmly held against the side by the proper proportion of tension between the two. Secondly, it is apparent that the belt-strap should be shorter than is typical, because otherwise it cannot support the hanger, and will be too slack. Thirdly, it follows, that, in contrast, the hanger should be longer, because, by degrees that it becomes shorter, the belt-strap becomes looser, and would need to be shortened proportionally, which it cannot. It is also apparent that the Pendent should be a little shorter than the belt-strap, so that the sword hangs a little behind the hip, rather than at the side. If it were equal in length to the belt-strap, then the sword would hang equally between the two. As it is shorter, the sword is pulled comfortably around towards the back. Fifthly, it is also apparent why the belt-strap and hanger should have the exact lengths that I have given, neither longer, nor shorter, because there is no other length that puts the hilt at such a convenient height that the right hand can easily and quickly reach across and grab ahold of the handle while the left hand holds the scabbard so as to quickly draw the sword, which is the first move in self-defense. It is also the perfect height to rest one’s elbow on, as shown and explained by figure A in Plate I. Finally, for these reasons, one can easily see how my way of carrying the sword is not only the more convenient than the typical method, but it takes the prize for elegance and appearance. Which is why one comes to the same conclusion in almost everything, as the Father of Roman Eloquence said, ‘beauty consists of, and is found in, Utility.’ If something is not practical, it may be appear beautiful to an untutored onlooker, but the discerning gentleman will recognize the inferiority and imperfection that patinas the lustre of appearance. | |
− | |First, do not attach the strap to the right and the hanger on the left side, as is the usual custom. Because if the strap is not supporting the sword, it will drop down in a loop across the knees. That is why it should attach to the middle of the torso, and from that, it follows that I attach the hanger more in back, so the sword is at the side, a little behind, supported by the hanger with help from the strap. The sword is firmly held against the side by the proper proportion of tension between the two. Secondly, it is apparent that the belt-strap should be shorter than is typical, because otherwise it cannot support the hanger, and will be too slack. Thirdly, it follows, that, in contrast, the hanger should be longer, because, by degrees that it becomes shorter, the belt-strap becomes looser, and would need to be shortened proportionally, which it cannot. It is also apparent that the Pendent should be a little shorter than the belt-strap, so that the sword hangs a little behind the hip, rather than at the side. If it were equal in length to the belt-strap, then the sword would hang equally between the two. As it is shorter, the sword is pulled comfortably around towards the back. Fifthly, it is also apparent why the belt-strap and hanger should have the exact lengths that I have given, neither longer, nor shorter, because there is no other length that puts the hilt at such a convenient height that the right hand can easily and quickly reach across and grab ahold of the handle while the left hand holds the scabbard so as to quickly draw the sword, which is the first move in self-defense. It is also the perfect height to rest one’s elbow on, as shown and explained by figure A in Plate I. Finally, for these reasons, one can easily see how my way of carrying the sword is not only the more convenient than the typical method, but it takes the prize for elegance and appearance. Which is why one comes to the same conclusion in almost everything, as the Father of Roman Eloquence said, ‘beauty consists of, and is found in, Utility.’ If something is not practical, it may be appear beautiful to an untutored onlooker, but the discerning gentleman will recognize the inferiority and imperfection that patinas the lustre of appearance. | + | | Premierement qu’on ne doit attacher le Ceinturon sur le costé droit, & le pendant sur le costé gauche, comme quelques uns on le coustume. Car en ce faisant, si le ceinturon soustient aucunement l’espee, il aviendra qu’elle pendra par devant la personne de travers, en loy croisant les genoux. Pour ceste cause nous avons ordonné de l’attacher sur le milieu du ventre, & le pendant de l’espee à l’advenant, autant plus en arriere; afin que l’espee revienne sur le costé de la personneun peu vers le derriere, & qu’elle soit soustenue par le pendant à l’aide du Centuron; & affermie contre le corps par la juste proportion de la distance de l’un à l’autre. Secondement il appert, que le Ceinturon doit estre plus court, qu’on ne le fait ordinairement; car sans cela il ne peut soulager le pendant; d’autant qu’il demeure trop lasche. Pour le troisieme s’ensuit, que le Pendant doit estre au contraire, plus long: car à mesure qu’on le prent plus court, le ceinturon s’en relasche à l’advenant; de sorte que’il faudroit aussi raccoucir à mesme proportion le ceinturon: ce qui ne peut estre. Il en paroist aussi semblablement, que le Pendant doit estre un peu plus court que’ n’est le ceinturon: pour ce qu’on ne porte pas l’espee justement au costé, mais un peu en arriere devers le pendant de l’espee, qui doit estre le plus court, afin qu’il la tire d’avantage, car s’il estoit egal au ceinturon, l’espee pendroit au juste entredeux. Maintenant qu’il est plus court, aussi l’espee s’en accommode un peu d’avantage en arriere. Il en appert aussi pour le cinquieme, pourquoy le Ceinturon & le Pendāt doivent avoir la juste longueur, que nous leur avons assigné, non plus grande, & aussi non plus petite: pour ce qu’il n’y a point d’autre mesure, que ceste-cy seule, qui soit proportionnée à tenir la garde en sa convenable hauteur, & à luy donner la situation la plus parfaite de toutes, pour mettre à mesme temps & à son aise la main droite à l’espee, & la gauche au fourreau, pour accomplir consecutivement l’operation du desgainement, qui est la premiere preparation pour se mettre en defense: voire aussi pour reposer le coude du bras gauche dessus, en la maniere, & pour les causes, qui sont expliquées au Tableau precedent sur la figure A. En fin par ces raisons il se voit, que nostre façon de porter l’espee, n’est pas seulement plus commode, que la vulgaire; mais qu’elle en gaigne aussi le prix au regard de la bienseance, & de l’ornement de proportion; duquoy on voit quasi arriver le semblable en toutes choses, car selon ce qu’en a tesmoigné le grand Orateur & Pere de l’Eloquence Romaine, la beauté consiste, & se descouvre en l’Vsage mesme. Si quelque chose esloignée de l’utilité, ne laisse pas de sembler aucunefois belle aux ignorants, toutesfois les gens de jugement y recognoissent tousiours une imperfećtion, qui obseurcit le lustre de leur apparence. |
− | |||
− | |Premierement qu’on ne doit attacher le Ceinturon | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 03.jpg|600px]] |
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|Having described in Plate I the proper size of the sword for each person, and in the description of Plate II the length and size of the hanger, which is likewise proportional to the the individual, it follows that next topic of discussion is the Draw, which is the first action that anyone does with a sword. About which we shall now discuss at some length, as this is of greater importance than many realize. I have seen in different ways how unpleasant it can be for those who do not know the proper way to draw, so that when they were surprised by their Adversaries, their swords were useless. To remedy this, one must learn to draw skillfully, so well that one does not get in one’s own way, nor can anyone else. There are two principal ways of drawing: moving forwards and moving backwards. | |Having described in Plate I the proper size of the sword for each person, and in the description of Plate II the length and size of the hanger, which is likewise proportional to the the individual, it follows that next topic of discussion is the Draw, which is the first action that anyone does with a sword. About which we shall now discuss at some length, as this is of greater importance than many realize. I have seen in different ways how unpleasant it can be for those who do not know the proper way to draw, so that when they were surprised by their Adversaries, their swords were useless. To remedy this, one must learn to draw skillfully, so well that one does not get in one’s own way, nor can anyone else. There are two principal ways of drawing: moving forwards and moving backwards. | ||
− | |Ayant | + | |Ayant demonstré par la declaration du Tableau I. la iuste mesure de l’Espee de chasquune personne; & en la description du II. la vraye longueur & largeur du pendant, qui luy soit pareillement proportionné: il s’ensuit par ordre à parler du Desgainement, qui est la premiere aćtion de toutes celles de l’espee: de laquelle nous traitterons icy un peu au large, comme de chose, qui est de plus grande importance, que plusieurs ne pensent; & de laquelle on a veu à diverses fois advenir de grands inconvenients à ceu qui n’en savoyent pas la vraye maniere, de sorte qu’ils y ont esté surprins par leurs Adversaires, tellement que l’espee leur a esté rendue inutile. Pour y remedier, il faut qu’on la sache tirer dextrement, si bien qu’on ne s’y empesche pas soy mesme, ou qu’on ne le puisse estre par autruy. Or il y a deux manieres principales de le faire; l’une en avançant, & l’autre en reculant. |
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|The time to draw sword when moving forwards is when the enemy is in front at a reasonable distance, and there is a pressing need for self-defence. Moving backwards at such a moment would encourage the adversary by an apparent retreat, he would take it to mean he has the advantage, as if one is too frightened to approach. This is why one should move forward boldly and directly, to face the attack with firm resolve. It is far better to do what one must with courage than by constraint. So, march forward, draw the sword as illustrated by the four smaller figures on the left side of the Plate, labelled A, B, C, & D. | |The time to draw sword when moving forwards is when the enemy is in front at a reasonable distance, and there is a pressing need for self-defence. Moving backwards at such a moment would encourage the adversary by an apparent retreat, he would take it to mean he has the advantage, as if one is too frightened to approach. This is why one should move forward boldly and directly, to face the attack with firm resolve. It is far better to do what one must with courage than by constraint. So, march forward, draw the sword as illustrated by the four smaller figures on the left side of the Plate, labelled A, B, C, & D. | ||
− | | | + | |L’occasion de tirer l’espee en avançant se presente, quand l’Ennemi est au devant de nous en raisonnable distance, & que la necessité nous presse à nostre defense. Car de reculer en arriere en une occurrence si necessaire & si evidente que seroit ce, sinon allumer d’autant plus le courage de la partie adverse par une espece de retirade, qu’il pourroit prendre à son advantage, comme si on ne l’osaist point approcher. C’est pourquoy il luy faut aller hardiment au devant & alencontre, pour le recevoir avec une resolution animeuse; car mieux vaut faire son devoir par courage, que par contrainte. Allez donc, marchez, & tirez l’espee selon la maniere, que nous pretendons de monstrer, par la representation de ces quatre figures de moindre taille à gauche de la Table, marquées A.B.C.D. |
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|First, after having taken two, three, or four paces, as you find convenient, as the left foot steps forward, grab the hanger and scabbard in the left hand, and as the foot lands on the ground, take the sword in your other hand, putting your index finger around the outside branch of the crosspiece, and inside the guard. | |First, after having taken two, three, or four paces, as you find convenient, as the left foot steps forward, grab the hanger and scabbard in the left hand, and as the foot lands on the ground, take the sword in your other hand, putting your index finger around the outside branch of the crosspiece, and inside the guard. | ||
− | |Premierement, apres avoir marché deux, trois, ou quatre pas en avant | + | |Premierement, apres avoir marché deux, trois, ou quatre pas en avant selon vostre commodité, vous empoignerez de la main gauche le pendent avec le fourreau de l’espee, joignant la garde, durant la demarche du pied gauche, & quand il tombe à terre, de l’autre main vous prendez vostre espee, entourant avec le doight indice la brāche exterieure par dedans la garde. |
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|As you take another step forward, at the same time as you raise your right leg, increase your grip on the scabbard and draw it slightly downwards and to the rear. Raise the right foot slightly more than usual (to help the right side of the body, and especially the right arm to reach higher) and at the same time draw the sword from the scabbard using the index finger that is wrapped around the outside of the crosspiece and open the hand to raise the blade more easily, until the sword is clear of the scabbard. This way the foot, the right and left hands, the shoulder, the arm, and every part of the body works together. This is in contrast to those who have learned to draw the sword while keeping the right foot planted on the ground because this way one is never inconvenienced. After having drawn the sword in this way, pause with the right foot in the air to make the following actions easier and smoother. This is what the figure shows, as you can see, his sword is barely drawn from the scabbard, yet his foot is still in the air. | |As you take another step forward, at the same time as you raise your right leg, increase your grip on the scabbard and draw it slightly downwards and to the rear. Raise the right foot slightly more than usual (to help the right side of the body, and especially the right arm to reach higher) and at the same time draw the sword from the scabbard using the index finger that is wrapped around the outside of the crosspiece and open the hand to raise the blade more easily, until the sword is clear of the scabbard. This way the foot, the right and left hands, the shoulder, the arm, and every part of the body works together. This is in contrast to those who have learned to draw the sword while keeping the right foot planted on the ground because this way one is never inconvenienced. After having drawn the sword in this way, pause with the right foot in the air to make the following actions easier and smoother. This is what the figure shows, as you can see, his sword is barely drawn from the scabbard, yet his foot is still in the air. | ||
− | | | + | |Poursuivant à marcher plus outre, à mesme temps que vous leverez le pied droit, vous fermerez bien for la main gauche, à ce que l’espee & le fourreau ne s’entresuivent; & en en continuant à la restraindre en arriere & vers le bas, comme aussi à porter le pied en l’air à costé, un peu plus haut qu’en la demarche ordinaire, (afin qu’à l’aide & à l’advenant d’iceluy tout le costé droit du corps, & notamment le bras puisse monter plus haut) au mesme temps vous tirerez l’espee avec le doigt, qui enserre la branche exterieure; en ouvrant la main, afin qu’elle monte plus aisemēnt, jusqu’à tant que la lame soit dehors le fourreau. De sorte qu’en ceste aćtion, le pied, la main, gauche, & droite, l’espaule, le bras, & en somme touts les membres se donnent mutuelle asstence, l’un à l’autre. Ce qui advient au contraire à ceux qui s’accoustument à desainer l’espee en laissant le pied droit en terre, car il est impossible qu’ils ne s’en trouvent incommodez. Apres donc que vous aurez tiré l’espee en ceste maniere, vous arresterez un bien peu le pied droit en l’air à costé de vous, pour en continuer plus aisement les aćtions suivantes. Et c’est proprement ce qu la figure represente: car vous voyez, qu son pied droit est encor eslevé en haut, & l’espee à peine est elle hors du fourreau. |
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|To continue, during the brief pause while the foot is in the air, close your hand again on the grip and turning the wrist over, bring the blade circularly upwards, so it follows a half-circle in the air, until it is above your right shoulder, about even with and to one side of the head, tip pointing backwards, pommel towards the front, the arm bent, as shown in the figure. | |To continue, during the brief pause while the foot is in the air, close your hand again on the grip and turning the wrist over, bring the blade circularly upwards, so it follows a half-circle in the air, until it is above your right shoulder, about even with and to one side of the head, tip pointing backwards, pommel towards the front, the arm bent, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Pour continuer ce qui | + | |Pour continuer ce qui s’ensuit, durant la pause du pied droit vous fermerez derechef la main droite, & tournant le poignet du bras porterez la pointe de vostre la lame circulairement en haut, de sorte qu’elle face une demie circonference en l’air, jusqu’à ce qu’elle vienne au dessus de vostre espaule droite, sur la hauteur & à costé de la teste, ayant la pointe en arriere, & le pommeau en avant, avec le bras un peu courbé; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|Continuing from the preceeding action, bring the sword down from above the shoulder as the right foot touches the ground. As the left foot moves deliberately forward, bring your arm with the sword down across your front so the arm reaches full extension downwards at the same time as the left foot touches the ground. The left foot is now forward and the right arm is extended, with the sword pointing forward at the height of the thigh. At the same time, turn the inside branch of the crosspiece towards you and wrap your thumb over it and around the blade. In this way you will be holding the sword according the manner used in this System, and this will make all your actions prompt, vigourous, elegant, and easy to keep walking without interruption. | |Continuing from the preceeding action, bring the sword down from above the shoulder as the right foot touches the ground. As the left foot moves deliberately forward, bring your arm with the sword down across your front so the arm reaches full extension downwards at the same time as the left foot touches the ground. The left foot is now forward and the right arm is extended, with the sword pointing forward at the height of the thigh. At the same time, turn the inside branch of the crosspiece towards you and wrap your thumb over it and around the blade. In this way you will be holding the sword according the manner used in this System, and this will make all your actions prompt, vigourous, elegant, and easy to keep walking without interruption. | ||
− | |Continuant l’operation precedente, vous ramenerez | + | |Continuant l’operation precedente, vous ramenerez l’espee de haut en bas, comme d’un arriere main, par devant vostre teste, en mettant quand & quād le pied droit en terre; & durant que le gauche sera en aćtion de cheminer, continuerez à porter le bras & l’espee par devant vostre poitrine, tellement que la demarche du pied, & la descente de l’espee finissent au mesme instant; mettant le pied en terre, & laissant descendre le bras estendu ensemble avec l’espee à costé de la cuisse droite, en tournant au mesme temps la branche interieure en dedans, & mettant le poulce alencontre. Par ainsi vous aurez l’espee dans la main selon la maniere de nostre Pratique, & seront toutes vos aćtions promptes, gaillardes, bien-seants, & convenables à marcher tousiours avant sans nulle interruption. |
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|This action done, you will again advance the right foot, and keep the arm straight, slightly higher than the belt, and the blade held level and flat in front of the body across the lower chest, the tip slightly raised. This is how to walk towards your opponent, until you reach the distance where you can just touch each other, carefully, depending on the opportunities as they present themselves. There are plenty of examples in this book, with plenty of advice and instructions, as much for attack as defence. | |This action done, you will again advance the right foot, and keep the arm straight, slightly higher than the belt, and the blade held level and flat in front of the body across the lower chest, the tip slightly raised. This is how to walk towards your opponent, until you reach the distance where you can just touch each other, carefully, depending on the opportunities as they present themselves. There are plenty of examples in this book, with plenty of advice and instructions, as much for attack as defence. | ||
− | |L’operation | + | |L’operation estant achevée, vous avancerez derechef le pied droit, & porterez au mesme temps le bras aucunement courbé, un peu plus haut que la ceinture, & la lame de travers par devant le corps, en croisant de biaiz la poitrine, avec la pointe un peu montante. Voilà comment il faudra marcher tout droit à vostre homme, jusqu’à ce qu’estants venus à mesure des vous pouvoir toucher l’un l’autre, vous vous alliez, gouverner selon que les occasions se presenteront. Dequoy, vous trouverez assez d’exemples en ce livre, avec suffisantes regles & instrućtions, tant pour l’assaut, que pour la defense. |
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|Now we shall describe how to draw the sword while moving backwards. Because it happens often, when in the company of several persons, instead of engaging in pleasant conversation, the mood sours and you are forced to draw your sword. This is dangerous and difficult enough to do, but more so when it is usual to be standing close to others that one could easily jump on you, grab your arm, or the hilt of your sword, so that one is forced to use any means for self-defence. To this situation, the only solution is to draw your sword while moving backwards. This is illustrated by the four smaller figures on the right side of the Plate, labelled E, F, G, & H. | |Now we shall describe how to draw the sword while moving backwards. Because it happens often, when in the company of several persons, instead of engaging in pleasant conversation, the mood sours and you are forced to draw your sword. This is dangerous and difficult enough to do, but more so when it is usual to be standing close to others that one could easily jump on you, grab your arm, or the hilt of your sword, so that one is forced to use any means for self-defence. To this situation, the only solution is to draw your sword while moving backwards. This is illustrated by the four smaller figures on the right side of the Plate, labelled E, F, G, & H. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il s’ensuit que nous descrivions maintenant la maniere de tirer l’espee en reculant. Car il advient souvant, quād on se trouve en companie avec plusieurs personnes, qu’au lieu de converser honnestemēt ensemble, il s’y esmeut des questions, par lesquelles on est contraint de mettre la main aux armes, ce qui est assez difficile & dangereux à faire, d’autant que c’est l’ordinaire de se tenir en compagnie les uns si pres des autres, qu’on nous pourroit aisement sauter au corps, ou prendre le bras, ou la garde de l’espee, en sorte que’on nous osteroit tout moyen de nous defendre. A cela il n’y a autre remede qu’une bonne façon de desgainer l’espee en reculant: laquelle ist icy representée par les quatre figures suivantes E.F.G.H.qui sont à l’opposite des quatre precedentes. |
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|Taking two or three steps backwards, beginning with either foot, as the left foot takes a backwards step, grab the hanger and scabbard with the left hand. As the foot falls on the ground, reach across with the right hand and grab the hilt, as shown in the picture, putting the right index finger around the crossbar and into the guard. | |Taking two or three steps backwards, beginning with either foot, as the left foot takes a backwards step, grab the hanger and scabbard with the left hand. As the foot falls on the ground, reach across with the right hand and grab the hilt, as shown in the picture, putting the right index finger around the crossbar and into the guard. | ||
− | | | + | |Faisant deux ou trois pas en arriere, soit qu’on ait commencé avec le pied droit ou le gauche, faut aviser d’empoigner de la main gauche le pendent de l’espee, ensemble avec le fourreau, tout joignant la garde, durant la demarche du pied gauche; & en le mettant à terre, de l’autre main on prendra l’espee, en embrassant avec le doigt indice la branche exterieure par dedans la garde; comme la figure demonstre. |
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|With the sword firmly in hand and the left foot firmly on the ground, grab the hanger and scabbard with the left hand, pulling down and back, while stepping backwards with the right foot, step a bit slower and raise the foot a little higher than normal to make it easier to draw the sword, as similarly described for Figure B. These are the same movements, the only difference being that one is done moving forward, the other moving backwards. | |With the sword firmly in hand and the left foot firmly on the ground, grab the hanger and scabbard with the left hand, pulling down and back, while stepping backwards with the right foot, step a bit slower and raise the foot a little higher than normal to make it easier to draw the sword, as similarly described for Figure B. These are the same movements, the only difference being that one is done moving forward, the other moving backwards. | ||
− | | | + | |L’espee donc prinse, & le pied gauche planté en terre, tout à l’instant on eslevera l’autre, pour continuer la mesme retirade, en serrant cependant bien fort la main gauche, qui tient le pendant avec le fourreau de l’espee, la poussant mesmes un peu vers le bas, pour tirer l’espee tant plus aisement, durant la continuation de monter le pied droit en l’air à costé, un peu plus qu’en la demarche ordinaire; suivant au reste en tout & par tout les observations qui en sont dechifrées en a description de la figure B. Car ce sont toutes les mesmes aćtions, & n’y que ceste difference, que l’une des figures travaille en avançant, & l’autre en reculant. |
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|When you draw the sword from the scabbard, again, pause slightly with the right foot, holding it raised and off to the side, while doing this, move the tip of the blade circularly outside the arm, so it rises diagnoally in front of the chest, with a turn of the wrist, helped a bit by the arm, until the hilt is at the height of the head, a little to one side, the blade above the shoulder, with the point above and behind you. At this instant begin to lean slightly forward, pull the right foot back, as shown in the picture. | |When you draw the sword from the scabbard, again, pause slightly with the right foot, holding it raised and off to the side, while doing this, move the tip of the blade circularly outside the arm, so it rises diagnoally in front of the chest, with a turn of the wrist, helped a bit by the arm, until the hilt is at the height of the head, a little to one side, the blade above the shoulder, with the point above and behind you. At this instant begin to lean slightly forward, pull the right foot back, as shown in the picture. | ||
− | |Quand | + | |Quand l’espee sera hors du fourreau, on fera derechef une petite pause du pied droit, le tenant eslevé à costé, & durant icelle on menera la pointe de sa lame circulairement en haut dehors le bras, en sorte qu’on la face monter diagonalement par devant la poitrine, avec un tour de la main, assisté de quelque petite accommodation du bras, jusqu’à tant que la garde arrive à l’endroit du sommet de la teste un peu à cartier, la lame respondant par dessus l’espaule, avec la pointe un peu haussée derriere le dos; auquel instant on commencera ensemblement à pancher du corps sur le devant, & à retirer en arriere le pied droit, qui est pour le present encore eslevé; suivant ce qu’on voit en la figure. |
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|Finally, after bringing the blade over the head from the left side and continuing to lean slightly forward bring the hand downwards, as if you were striking, diagonally across the chest, and as it passes the chest and the upper body, step back onto the right foot with as large a step as possible. As the foot touches the ground, straighten the arm down by your side, and draw the left foot back towards you as you straighten up. At the same time, turn the crossguard from vertical to horizontal, and move the thumb over the crosspiece, so as to hold the sword in hand as it should be according to the manner used in this System. | |Finally, after bringing the blade over the head from the left side and continuing to lean slightly forward bring the hand downwards, as if you were striking, diagonally across the chest, and as it passes the chest and the upper body, step back onto the right foot with as large a step as possible. As the foot touches the ground, straighten the arm down by your side, and draw the left foot back towards you as you straighten up. At the same time, turn the crossguard from vertical to horizontal, and move the thumb over the crosspiece, so as to hold the sword in hand as it should be according to the manner used in this System. | ||
− | |Finalement on | + | |Finalement on poursuivra à mener la lame circulairement par dessus sa teste devers le costé gauche, & en continuant à pancher du corps, on fera comme un coup de revers en l’air, descendant diagonalement par devant la poitrine; & à l’instant qu’il passe ladite poitrine: & la partie superieure du corps, on se retirera avec le pied droit, qui est encores eslevé, en arriere, autant qu’un grand pas se peut estendre; & à l’instant qu’il se mettra en terre, on retirera pareillement le bras droit estendu à costé; & laissera on suivre le pied gauche en trainant, laschant au mesme temps la main, & tournant la branche interieure de la garde horizontale, de verticale qu’elle estoit, & ensemblement retirant le poulce de dessous icelle en dessus. Ce qu’estant fait, on aura l’espee à la main, ainsi qu’on la doit tenir, selon la mode de nostre Pratique. |
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|You may find these actions difficult or even impossible at first, as there are so many points to pay attention to in such a short time, but after a bit of practice, it will seem, on the contrary, to natural and easy. | |You may find these actions difficult or even impossible at first, as there are so many points to pay attention to in such a short time, but after a bit of practice, it will seem, on the contrary, to natural and easy. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il est bien certain que ces operations vous sembleront du commencement fort difficiles ou mesme impossibles à faire, à cause de tant de petits points à observer en si peu de temps, mais l’accoustumance vous en fera paroistre le contraire, de sorte que vous recognoistrez à la fin, que ce sont toutes choses naturelles & faciles. |
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|As for the backwards blow, which was mentioned in the discription of this figure, it is not a useless gesture. On the contrary, it is very useful to keep men from following too closely and to keep them back, to gain space to adopt a defensive posture. After this last step, you must decide if you still need to step back further, or if you need to step in. This is done in the same way as described above, that is, putting the right foot forward again, and placing the sword across your front, the arm strait, with the right hand and guard about level with the belt, the tip slightly raised. | |As for the backwards blow, which was mentioned in the discription of this figure, it is not a useless gesture. On the contrary, it is very useful to keep men from following too closely and to keep them back, to gain space to adopt a defensive posture. After this last step, you must decide if you still need to step back further, or if you need to step in. This is done in the same way as described above, that is, putting the right foot forward again, and placing the sword across your front, the arm strait, with the right hand and guard about level with the belt, the tip slightly raised. | ||
− | |Touchant le coup de revers, dont nous | + | |Touchant le coup de revers, dont nous faisons mention en la declaration de ceste figure, il faut savoir, qu’il n’est pas inutile: car au contraire il sert grandement à tenir les gens tant plus esloignez, & pour se faire largue, au moyen dequoy on a plus e commodité de se mettre en defense. Ayant donc achevé ceste derniere aćtion, il faudra juger, s’il est desormais besoing de reculer encores davantage, ou s’il est temps de faire ses approches. Lesquelles il faudra faire en la mesme sorte qu’il est dit cy dessus, assavoir en avançant derechef le pied droit, & se mettant au mesme temps l’espee de travers par devant le corps, le bras aucunement courbé, la main droite, avec la garde, environ la hauteur de la ceinture; en se croisant la poitrine avec la pointe un peu ascendante. |
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|That, in essence, is what seems to me to be important about drawing the sword. Now to the practical exercises and we start with the Direct Line posture. What must be learned before anything else is how to present yourself deftly to your adversary, through precise and suitable motions. At the same time, you must know the proper way to approch the adversary. I shall leave aside an infinity of other postures, and choose this one, which is the most suitable for demonstrating the precepts of my system, as well as being superior to all others. I admit that there are more delicate and more ferocious postures, But if these appear more polished, or present a hostile expression, this one has the advantage of both caution and strength. So, I leave these other postures to those who wish to adopt them, and content myself for the moment with the Direct Line. In this Plate, I shall describe the manner and steps to adopt the posture, and shall discuss its worthiness and its advantages in the next section. | |That, in essence, is what seems to me to be important about drawing the sword. Now to the practical exercises and we start with the Direct Line posture. What must be learned before anything else is how to present yourself deftly to your adversary, through precise and suitable motions. At the same time, you must know the proper way to approch the adversary. I shall leave aside an infinity of other postures, and choose this one, which is the most suitable for demonstrating the precepts of my system, as well as being superior to all others. I admit that there are more delicate and more ferocious postures, But if these appear more polished, or present a hostile expression, this one has the advantage of both caution and strength. So, I leave these other postures to those who wish to adopt them, and content myself for the moment with the Direct Line. In this Plate, I shall describe the manner and steps to adopt the posture, and shall discuss its worthiness and its advantages in the next section. | ||
− | |Voilà en | + | |Voilà en somme ce qui m’a semblé necessaire de vous proposer touchant le desgainement de l’espee. Venons à la Pratique de l’Exercice, & commençons par la Droite Ligne, laquelle il faut apprendre avant toute autre chose à presenter dextrement à vostre partie adverse, avec gestes propres & convenables pour l’attendre; & la mesme estant pareillement presentée, que vous sachiez aussi la maniere de faire vos approches alencontre. Nous laissons à part une infinité d’autres postures, & en choisissons ceste seule, qui est la plus convenable pour la demonstration de nos precepts, voire aussi la meilleure de toutes. I’advoue bien qu’il y en a de plus mignardes, & de plus furieuses en apparence: mais si celles-là sont accompagnées de plus de lustre, ou de mauvaises mines, ceste-cy l’est davantage de prudence & de force. Parquoy laissant les autres à ceux qui s’y plaisent, nous nous contenterons pour le present de ceste droite ligne, de laquelle nous descrirons en ce Tableau la maniere & l’ordre, comme il y faut proceder, nous remettants à discourir de sa noblesse & de ses avantages au prochain ensuivant. |
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|A final note, which holds for all the examples throughout the book, that the swordsman who is on the Circle on the side of the letter A will always be called Alexander and his opponent Zachary. Alexander will normally be the one who follows my principles, but never Zachary, except as he is in this Plate III, where he is shown by four figures moving through consecutive actions, that show the means and steps by which you move into the Circle and adopt the direct line posture, which is explained, below. | |A final note, which holds for all the examples throughout the book, that the swordsman who is on the Circle on the side of the letter A will always be called Alexander and his opponent Zachary. Alexander will normally be the one who follows my principles, but never Zachary, except as he is in this Plate III, where he is shown by four figures moving through consecutive actions, that show the means and steps by which you move into the Circle and adopt the direct line posture, which is explained, below. | ||
− | |Il faut que je die en | + | |Il faut que je die en passant, & une fois pour toutes, que celuy des deux Contraires qui commence à travailler sur le Cercle du costé de la lettre A, sera tousiours appellé Alexandre, & l’autre Zacharie: dont Alexandre sera ordinairement l’observateur de no precepts, & aucunefois pareillement Zacharie: comme il l’est aussi presentement en ce Tableau III. où il represente en quatre figures & aćtions consecutives, en quelle maniere & avec quels gestes on se mettra sur le Cercle en la posture de la droite ligne; dont voicy l’explication qui s’esuit. |
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|''Zachary is right in front of Circle No 1, facing the Z-X Quadrangle, carrying his sword in the crook of his left arm, and his left hand resting on the hilt.'' | |''Zachary is right in front of Circle No 1, facing the Z-X Quadrangle, carrying his sword in the crook of his left arm, and his left hand resting on the hilt.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie | + | |''Zacharie se met droit devant le Cercle N.1. viz à viz du Quadrangle ZX, tenant l’espee sur le coude du bras gauche, & en empoignant la garde par dessous avec la main gauche.'' |
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|To show this action as simply as possible, Zachary is standing straight, facing front along the Diameter, about one blade-length away from the Circle. He can check this by putting his blade on the ground. If he were to put his tip at the letter X, the crossguard would be exactly between his two feet. However, there is another method of checking and adjusting the distance, by extending the arm and the sword in a straight line and bringing the tip down to just touch the ground. If you stand up straight, and do not bend over or twist, or change your posture, the tip will just touch the ground at X on the Circumference. Zachary thus waits, in this relaxed posture, sword in the left arm, left hand over the hilt, hands resting on his stomach, so the tip of the sword is behind his shoulder, until he sees his adversary in order to present the direct line. | |To show this action as simply as possible, Zachary is standing straight, facing front along the Diameter, about one blade-length away from the Circle. He can check this by putting his blade on the ground. If he were to put his tip at the letter X, the crossguard would be exactly between his two feet. However, there is another method of checking and adjusting the distance, by extending the arm and the sword in a straight line and bringing the tip down to just touch the ground. If you stand up straight, and do not bend over or twist, or change your posture, the tip will just touch the ground at X on the Circumference. Zachary thus waits, in this relaxed posture, sword in the left arm, left hand over the hilt, hands resting on his stomach, so the tip of the sword is behind his shoulder, until he sees his adversary in order to present the direct line. | ||
− | |Pour | + | |Pour representer ceste aćtion le plus simplement qu’il soit possible, Zacharie se met icy tout droit sur ses jambes viz à viz du Diametre, les pieds egalement avancez, s’en tenant esloigné de la juste mesure de sa lame. Dequoy il peut prendre la mesure avec l’espee mesme, en la mettant à terre. Car s’il en met la point sur la Circonference à la lette X, les branches de la garde luy en reviendront justement entre le creux des ses deux pieds. Toutesfois il y a encore une autre maniere, plus facile pour examiner & adjuster ceste mesme distance, assavoir en estendant le bras avec l’espee droitement en une ligne, & la menant de haut en bas jusqu’à toucher la terre. Car le point d’attouchement viendra tousiours au mesme endroit de la Circonference à la lettre X, moyennant que la situation du corps ne soit point changée, & qu’on ne le plie, ny en avant, ny en arriere, mais qu’il demeure droitement debout & perpendiculaire. Zacharie donc se tenant esloigné en ceste bras gauche, empoignant aussi de la main gauche la garde par dessous, se laissant prendre & reposer les bras sur le ventre, en sorte que la pointe de l’espee luy va derriere l’espaule. Et voilà comme il s’est mis en estat d’attendre, jusqu’à tant qu’il voye sa partie adverse en ordre, pour luy donner la droite ligne. |
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|''In front of Circle No 2, he moves his left foot forward with a small step, bringing the sword circularly down in front until he holds it to the side, arm out straight, in an acute angle, point down.'' | |''In front of Circle No 2, he moves his left foot forward with a small step, bringing the sword circularly down in front until he holds it to the side, arm out straight, in an acute angle, point down.'' | ||
− | |''Devant le Cercle N.2. il s’avance avec le pied gauche d’un pas moderé, en menant | + | |''Devant le Cercle N.2. il s’avance avec le pied gauche d’un pas moderé, en menant l’espee circulairement par devant soy avec le bras raide, & la mettant à son costé droit en angle aigu, la pointe baissée.'' |
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|As he approaches the Circle, he first moves his left side and foot a medium step directly forward and at the same time straightens his sword arm, swinging it through a semi-circle diagnoally downwards across his chest and down into an acute angle off to his right side, the tip about one hand width off the ground. All of the movements, of the arm, of the hand, of the sword must begin and finish at the same time as the step, to keep everything together. Be aware of a common mistake by novices, which is to cross-step and put the left foot in front of the right foot, instead of moving the left foot straight ahead, and so find themselves instantly entangled when performing the next actions. | |As he approaches the Circle, he first moves his left side and foot a medium step directly forward and at the same time straightens his sword arm, swinging it through a semi-circle diagnoally downwards across his chest and down into an acute angle off to his right side, the tip about one hand width off the ground. All of the movements, of the arm, of the hand, of the sword must begin and finish at the same time as the step, to keep everything together. Be aware of a common mistake by novices, which is to cross-step and put the left foot in front of the right foot, instead of moving the left foot straight ahead, and so find themselves instantly entangled when performing the next actions. | ||
− | |En approchant donc du Cercle, il avance premierement le | + | |En approchant donc du Cercle, il avance premierement le costé, & le pied gauche d’un pas mediocre en ligne droite, & cependent roidit le bras de l’espee, la menant par une demie-circonference diagonale par devant sa poitrine, de haut en bas, en angle aigu à son costé droit, & en mettant la pointe environ à la mesure d’une paume de la terre. Au reste toutes ces aćtions, tant du bras, que de la main, & de l’espee, se doivent commencer & terminer ensemble avec le pas du pied, afin qu’il n’y ait rien de mal proportionné. Faut aussi se donner garde, en apprenant ceste demarche, d’une faute assez ordinaire & commune à la plus part des Escholiers; qui est de croiser le pas, & porter le pied gauche en avant à la main droite, au lieu de marcher en droite ligne tout droit devant eux, dont ils se trouvent tout à l’instant embrouillez à faire les operations suivantes. |
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|''In front of Circle No 3, he raises his right foot as he steps and raises the sword up with his straight arm, so it points up at an obtuse angle.'' | |''In front of Circle No 3, he raises his right foot as he steps and raises the sword up with his straight arm, so it points up at an obtuse angle.'' | ||
− | |''Devant le Cercle N.3.il | + | |''Devant le Cercle N.3.il esleve & hausse le pied droit à costé, ensemble aussi l’espee de mesme avec le bras roide, en sorte qu’ils viennent à y faire une ligne montante en angle obtus.'' |
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|Here he raises the right foot to take the second step, and at the same time he raises his extended arm to the side, upwards at an obtuse angle. Since he intends to put the tip of his foot at the letter X, having already moved forward, together with his arm and sword, he looks down at the Circle to check his foot will land where he intends to place it, so the rest of the steps can flow uninterrupted, as shall be worked out in the next Circle. | |Here he raises the right foot to take the second step, and at the same time he raises his extended arm to the side, upwards at an obtuse angle. Since he intends to put the tip of his foot at the letter X, having already moved forward, together with his arm and sword, he looks down at the Circle to check his foot will land where he intends to place it, so the rest of the steps can flow uninterrupted, as shall be worked out in the next Circle. | ||
− | |Voicy qu’il leve le pied droit pour faire le | + | |Voicy qu’il leve le pied droit pour faire le second pas, & au mesme temps il porte aussi le bras estendu avec l’espee en haut en angle obtus, justement à costé. Et puis que c’est son intention de mettre le bout du pied droit à lettre X; l’ayant preallablement un peu avancé, ensemble aussi le bras & l’espee mesme; il tourne les yeux en bas sur la figure du Cercle, pour y prendre l’adresse du pas, qui luy reste à faire, au point qu’il pretend de toucher: poursuivant au reste à marcher & à continuer sans interruption, comme il sera deduit au Cercle suivant. |
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|Note that I said to lift the right foot at the same time as your arm and sword, so they are raised to the side, in profile. If they were raised to the front, it would cause difficulties in the following actions, and something badly started cannot end well. | |Note that I said to lift the right foot at the same time as your arm and sword, so they are raised to the side, in profile. If they were raised to the front, it would cause difficulties in the following actions, and something badly started cannot end well. | ||
− | |Notez bien ce que nous | + | |Notez bien ce que nous disons de porter le pied droit avec le bras & l’espee, cependant qu’ils montent, justement à costé respondants sur le pourfil du corps. Car si on les avance du commencement, on en sera fort incommodé à la continuation des aćtions suivantes, ce qui est mal commencé ne pouvant avoir bonne fin. |
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|''In Circle No 4, he has stepped forward with right foot, and planted it at the point X, thrusting his sword out in a straight line over the Diameter, with the left foot following at the same time to arrive on the Pedal Line.'' | |''In Circle No 4, he has stepped forward with right foot, and planted it at the point X, thrusting his sword out in a straight line over the Diameter, with the left foot following at the same time to arrive on the Pedal Line.'' | ||
− | |''Au Cercle N.4. il a marché du pied droit, & l’a planté à la Circonference au point X, jettant | + | |''Au Cercle N.4. il a marché du pied droit, & l’a planté à la Circonference au point X, jettant ensemblement l’espee en droite ligne au dessus du Diametre, avec le pied gauche trainant à mesme temps derriere jusqu’à venir dessus la ligne Pedale.'' |
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|While on the left foot, his other moving forward, along with his arm and his sword, & looking at the ground to adjust his step, he proceeds as follows: he carries the sword forward, with his arm extended, in a slightly downward circular motion. At the same time as his right foot comes down, his toes on the point X, and his heel along the Collateral inside the Quadrangle on the right hand side. Continuing the circular motion with the sword, keeping his arm and sword extended and straight, he brings it up not quite overhead, forward, and down until his arm and sword are horizontal over the Diameter and perpendicular to his torso. As he places his foot on the ground, and as he carries the sword circularly overhead, it is done with an impetus from the arm, with tension from all the nerves and muscles of the body, so that the right side is pulled forward, the heel of his right foot is turned to follow the line X-Y, and finally his left foot is drawn forward into balance until it rests on the Pedal Line at Z. Once planted, the he stands erect and in profile, sword and arm extended in a straight line parallel to the Diameter, shoulder, arm, the hilt, and the point held horizontally. | |While on the left foot, his other moving forward, along with his arm and his sword, & looking at the ground to adjust his step, he proceeds as follows: he carries the sword forward, with his arm extended, in a slightly downward circular motion. At the same time as his right foot comes down, his toes on the point X, and his heel along the Collateral inside the Quadrangle on the right hand side. Continuing the circular motion with the sword, keeping his arm and sword extended and straight, he brings it up not quite overhead, forward, and down until his arm and sword are horizontal over the Diameter and perpendicular to his torso. As he places his foot on the ground, and as he carries the sword circularly overhead, it is done with an impetus from the arm, with tension from all the nerves and muscles of the body, so that the right side is pulled forward, the heel of his right foot is turned to follow the line X-Y, and finally his left foot is drawn forward into balance until it rests on the Pedal Line at Z. Once planted, the he stands erect and in profile, sword and arm extended in a straight line parallel to the Diameter, shoulder, arm, the hilt, and the point held horizontally. | ||
− | | | + | |Estant sur le pied gauche, & ayant avancé l’autre, ensemble avec le bras & l’espee, & regardé en terre, pour adjuster le pas, il poursuit en ceste sorte: c’est qu’il porte l’espee avec le bras estendu, circulairement en avant, un peu vers le bas; mettant au mesme temps le pied en terre, les orteils sur le point X, & le talon sur la collaterale dedans le Quadrangle à main droite. Et en continuant tousiours le susdit mouvement circulaire de l’espee, il la ramene en haut avec quelque petite accommodation du poignet, en finissant le mouvement du bras (qui demeure tousiours estendu avec l’espee en droite ligne) justement au dessus du Diametre, en angle droit & ligne perpendiculaire au regard du corps, & au regard du Diametre en ligne parallele. Or quand il plante le pied à terre, & qu’il porte l’espee circulairement en haut, celà se fait avec une impetuosité du bras; dont touts les nerfs & muscles du corps se tendent, le costé droit en est tiré en avant, le talon du pied droit s’en tourne en dehors sur la ligne XY, & finalement le pied gauche en est contraint & comme forcé à suivre & se laisser entrainer apres l’autre jusqu’à tant qu’il vienne sur la ligne Pedale Z, où il doit demeurer, & redresser au mesme temps, qu’il y arrive, le corps droit & en pourfil, l’espee ensemble avec le bras estendus en ligne droite parallele au Diametre, en sorte que l’espaule, & le bras, la garde, & la pointe de l’espee se retrouvent toutes en egale hauteur. |
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|After all these actions are done, if there is any doubt about the posture, to check that it is correct, he need only extend the left arm in the same way towards the rear, at the same height. If his posture is correct, then the two arms and the sword will be on a straight line, while all the rest of his body is relaxed, so there is no tension and no deformation, since this is the most natural posture in the world. If there is any fault, either in the position of the body or the sword, it is easily determined because the line of the arms is not straight, or because the body is not upright, or because of the discomfort caused by contortions, as can be seen in all other postures, when they are forced to present the sword in the direct line. | |After all these actions are done, if there is any doubt about the posture, to check that it is correct, he need only extend the left arm in the same way towards the rear, at the same height. If his posture is correct, then the two arms and the sword will be on a straight line, while all the rest of his body is relaxed, so there is no tension and no deformation, since this is the most natural posture in the world. If there is any fault, either in the position of the body or the sword, it is easily determined because the line of the arms is not straight, or because the body is not upright, or because of the discomfort caused by contortions, as can be seen in all other postures, when they are forced to present the sword in the direct line. | ||
− | |Apres toutes les aćtions faites, s’il | + | |Apres toutes les aćtions faites, s’il est question d’examiner la posture, pour voir s’il y a de la faute; il ne faut qu’estentre pareillement le bras gauche en droite ligne, en arriere à la mesme hauteur. Car si la posture est juste, les deux bras ensemble avec l’espee, ne feront qu’une droite ligne, & en seront touts les membres du corps tellemēt à leur aise, qu’il n’y en aura de contraint ny de contrefait, d’autant qu c’est la posture du Monde la plus naturelle. En somme, s’il y a faute, soit en la situation du corps, ou en la tenue de l’espee, elle se descouvrira d’elle mesme par l’inegalité de la ligne, qui devoit estre droite, ou par la messeance du corps qui se devoit tenir perpendiculaire, ou par le malaise procedant de la contorsion des membres, comme il en prend à toutes le autres postures, quand elles s’efforcent de presenter l’espee en droite ligne. |
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|Having explained the actions of Zachary, I shall now likewise describe those of Alexander, as shown by the four figures, showing the different means of approaching against an opponent who has adopted the posture of a sword held in the direct line and the obtuse angle. But these postures are not shown by Zachary in this Plate, but rather in the fourth Plate, which follows this one. In each Circle of Plate IV, Zachary has adopted his posture, with the sword either in the direct line or at an obtuse angle. Alexander’s approaches to each posture begins on the numbered Circle in this Plate, and finishes in the same numbered Circle in the next Plate. | |Having explained the actions of Zachary, I shall now likewise describe those of Alexander, as shown by the four figures, showing the different means of approaching against an opponent who has adopted the posture of a sword held in the direct line and the obtuse angle. But these postures are not shown by Zachary in this Plate, but rather in the fourth Plate, which follows this one. In each Circle of Plate IV, Zachary has adopted his posture, with the sword either in the direct line or at an obtuse angle. Alexander’s approaches to each posture begins on the numbered Circle in this Plate, and finishes in the same numbered Circle in the next Plate. | ||
− | |Ayant ores declaré les operations de Zacharie, il | + | |Ayant ores declaré les operations de Zacharie, il sera bien que nous commencions pareillement à descrire celles d’Alexandre; qui nous monstre par ses quatre figures, autant de differentes manieres de faire ses approches contre la droite ligne & contre l’angle obtus. Mais puis que ces dites postures ne luy sont pas presentées en ce present Tableau par Zacharie, il faut savoir qu’elles seront representées au quatrieme, qui est le prochain ensuivant, chascune à tour, sur les Cercles, marquez de mesme nombre. Aussi que les approches d’Alexandre ne sont icy representées à plein; mais que le surplus en est reservé pour le mesme Tableau quatrieme, chascun à representer sur son propre Cercle. Cependant sachez que les postures de Zacharie sont telles. |
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|On Circle No 1, Zachary presents his sword in the direct line, as in Circle No 4 in this Plate. | |On Circle No 1, Zachary presents his sword in the direct line, as in Circle No 4 in this Plate. | ||
− | |Sur le Cercle N.1. il | + | |Sur le Cercle N.1. il presente la droite ligne, tout ainsi qu’au Cercle N.4. de ce Tableau present. |
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|On Circle No 2, he presents his sword at an obtuse angle. | |On Circle No 2, he presents his sword at an obtuse angle. | ||
− | |Sur le N.2. il | + | |Sur le N.2. il presente l’espee en angle obtus. |
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|On No 3, he is doing the same. | |On No 3, he is doing the same. | ||
− | |Sur le N.3. il fait le | + | |Sur le N.3. il fait le mesme |
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|It is against these postures the Alexander must approach, the first half of which are shown here, and the finish will be shown against those postures. | |It is against these postures the Alexander must approach, the first half of which are shown here, and the finish will be shown against those postures. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est alencontre de ces postures qu’Alexandre se met icy en devoir de faire ses approches, qui n’y sont toutesfois representées qu’à demi, dont l’accomplissement sera veu, là où les postures se voyent alencontre. |
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|''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 1, at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he set his sword at an acute angle to his right side, and is now raising his right foot to land outside of the circle, and has raised his arm and sword up to an obtuse angle. The ending to this move will be shown in Circle No 1 in the following Plate.'' | |''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 1, at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he set his sword at an acute angle to his right side, and is now raising his right foot to land outside of the circle, and has raised his arm and sword up to an obtuse angle. The ending to this move will be shown in Circle No 1 in the following Plate.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre s’estant preallablement avancé deux ou trois pas devers le Cercle N.1. en plantant le pied gauche en terre, il a mis l’espee en angle aigu à son costé droit, ce qu’estant fait, il hausse le pied droit en dehors, comme aussi le bras avec l’espee, les mettant en ange obtus; le surplus de ceste approche sera representé au Cercle N.1. du Tableau suivant.'' |
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|Supposing Zacharie has adopted the fighting posture of the direct line to receive Alexander’s attack. Here we see Alexander making his approach against him. While he was out of range, he walked as far forwards as the distance required, carrying his sword freely, however he wishes, neither concerned about starting on the right or left foot, nor with the exact distance to his adversary. But when he puts his left foot down within one pace of the Circumference, he moves his sword off to his right side in a circular motion until it forms an acute angle, using the same motions at the same distance as Zachary before Circle N0 2. This done, as he raises his right foot, he raises his sword and straight arm up to an obtuse angle, just as Zachary before Circle No 3. There is only one difference, that is, when Zachary approached, he looked to the ground to check the distance so as to place his right foot along the Collateral line on the right side of the Quadrangle, with his toes exactly on the circumference at X, which he must do to be first in position on the Circle, and which can do as he has no opponent to face. But Alexander cannot do this, as he must focus during all his actions, in his approach, in his comportment, and in assessing his distance, the long and short of it, on his adversary who is waiting for him, without ever looking away. If he did otherwise, he would never be able to put his sword into the direct line, parallel to and below the other, as is shown in the following Plate. This is why Alexander keeps his eyes fixed on his enemy. | |Supposing Zacharie has adopted the fighting posture of the direct line to receive Alexander’s attack. Here we see Alexander making his approach against him. While he was out of range, he walked as far forwards as the distance required, carrying his sword freely, however he wishes, neither concerned about starting on the right or left foot, nor with the exact distance to his adversary. But when he puts his left foot down within one pace of the Circumference, he moves his sword off to his right side in a circular motion until it forms an acute angle, using the same motions at the same distance as Zachary before Circle N0 2. This done, as he raises his right foot, he raises his sword and straight arm up to an obtuse angle, just as Zachary before Circle No 3. There is only one difference, that is, when Zachary approached, he looked to the ground to check the distance so as to place his right foot along the Collateral line on the right side of the Quadrangle, with his toes exactly on the circumference at X, which he must do to be first in position on the Circle, and which can do as he has no opponent to face. But Alexander cannot do this, as he must focus during all his actions, in his approach, in his comportment, and in assessing his distance, the long and short of it, on his adversary who is waiting for him, without ever looking away. If he did otherwise, he would never be able to put his sword into the direct line, parallel to and below the other, as is shown in the following Plate. This is why Alexander keeps his eyes fixed on his enemy. | ||
− | | | + | |Presupposant donc que Zacharie se soit mis le premier en campagne in la posture de la droite ligne, pour attendre. Voicy Alexandre qui commence à faire ses approches alencontre, en ceste sorte. Durant qu’il a esté hors de mesure, il a marché autant de pas en avant, que la distane requeroit, menant l’espee librement à sa fantasie, sans estre en peine de commencer la demarche avec le pied droit ou avec le gauche, ny de sçavoir exaćtemēt la distance de l’Adversaire. Mais quand il a mis le pied gauche en terre si pres du Cercle, qu’il pouvoit arriver en un seul pas à la Circonference; c’est alors qu’il a porté son espee circulairement avec une demie-circonference diagonale à son costé droit en angle aigu, usant des mesmes aćtions, & se mettant à la mesme distance, qu’il a esté dit cy devant en la personne de Zacharie N.2. Ce fait, il leve le pied droit, & hausse ensemblement le bras avec l’espee en angle obtus; tout ainsi qu’en a fait Zacharie devant le Cercle N.3. Il n’y a que ceste difference, que Zacharie regarde la terre pour compasser la demarche, & mettre le pied droit justement sur la collaterale droite de son Quadrangle, avec les orteils touchants la Circonference; ce qu’il peut & doit faire pour se mettre le premier en posture sur le Cercle, d’autant qu’il n’a null autre adresse. Mais à Alexandre il n’est permis de ce faire; d’autant qu’il doit prendre l’adresse de toutes ses aćtions, & de son approche, au comportement & à la distance de son Contraire qui l’attend, & la dite distance à l’aulne de la veuë, sans jamais en destourner ses yeux; car autrement il ne pourroit porter l’espee au suivant mouvement en ligne droite & parallele dessous l’autre, comme il se voit en la Table suivante. C’est la cause, pourquoy Alexandre tient icy les yeux fichez sur l’Ennemy. |
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|''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 2 at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he swung his sword out and down at an acute angle, then, as he lifted his right foot to step forward, he raised his hand up and rested his sword on his right shoulder, with the point behind him.'' | |''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 2 at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he swung his sword out and down at an acute angle, then, as he lifted his right foot to step forward, he raised his hand up and rested his sword on his right shoulder, with the point behind him.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre s’estant preallablement avancé deux ou trois pas, devers le Cercle N.2. en plantant le pied gauche, il a jetté l’espee descendante en angle aigu, puis en eslevant le pied droit en avant, il porte le bras avec lespee en haut, le mettant par dessus ses espaule droite à costé de la teste avec la pointe en arriere.'' |
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|In Circle No 2, let us suppose Zachary is waiting with his sword raised to an obtuse angle, as shown in the next Plate. To approach, Alexander has placed himself in front and taken two, three or more steps forward, as needed, to close the distance, carrying his sword freely, however he wants. But, when he puts his left foot down no more than a pace from the edge of the Circle, about to come into range, at the same time he moves his right hand forward and points the sword down at an acute angle in front. Then, as he raises his right foot to take a careful step, he brings the sword up and beside his head onto his right shoulder with the tip a little behind. As he takes his next step, he brings his sword forward and into contact with his opponent’s sword to the inside, as shall be more fully explained in Plate IV. | |In Circle No 2, let us suppose Zachary is waiting with his sword raised to an obtuse angle, as shown in the next Plate. To approach, Alexander has placed himself in front and taken two, three or more steps forward, as needed, to close the distance, carrying his sword freely, however he wants. But, when he puts his left foot down no more than a pace from the edge of the Circle, about to come into range, at the same time he moves his right hand forward and points the sword down at an acute angle in front. Then, as he raises his right foot to take a careful step, he brings the sword up and beside his head onto his right shoulder with the tip a little behind. As he takes his next step, he brings his sword forward and into contact with his opponent’s sword to the inside, as shall be more fully explained in Plate IV. | ||
− | |En ce Cercle N.2. nous | + | |En ce Cercle N.2. nous presupposons, que Zacharie luy presente l’espee en angle obtus, comme il sera representé au Tableau suivant. Pour travailler alencontre, Alexandre s’est mis tout droit devant; puis a marché deux, trois, ou quatre pas en avant, plus, ou moins, selon la distance, menant librement l’espee selon qu’il luy est venu à gré. Mais en venant si pres du Cercle avec le pied gauche, qu’il ne reste plus qu’un pas, pour venir en mesure; en mesme temps il avance l’espee un peu à main droite, la portant de haut en bas en angle aigu; puis en eslevant tout à l’instant le pied doit, & commençant à cheminer, il la ramene en haut à costé de sa teste à la hauteur de l’espaule, la pointe d’icelle un peu montante en arriere. Lesquelles aćtions il a faites, en intention d’avancer l’espee avec le pas ensuivant, & la mettre au mesme instant qu’il viendra en mesure, contre la lame contraire en dedans, comme il sera dit plus amplement en la declaration du Tableau IV. |
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|''Alexander has advanced two or three paces before Circle No 3, and, at the same moment he has placed his right foot close enough that his left foot is one pace from the Circumference, he points his sword down towards his right side at an acute angle. As he moves his left foot forward to place it at the Circumference, he again raises his sword to an obtuse angle under the opponent’s blade and above the Diameter, with his body leaning backwards.'' | |''Alexander has advanced two or three paces before Circle No 3, and, at the same moment he has placed his right foot close enough that his left foot is one pace from the Circumference, he points his sword down towards his right side at an acute angle. As he moves his left foot forward to place it at the Circumference, he again raises his sword to an obtuse angle under the opponent’s blade and above the Diameter, with his body leaning backwards.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre s’estant avancé deux, ou trois pas devant le Cercle N.3. au mesme instant qu’il plante le pied droit si pres, qu’il peut atteindre la Circonference avec l’autre, il avance l’espee devers son costé droit en angle aigu; laquelle il porte derechef en haut en angle obtus en avancant le pied gauche; & en le mettant à terre à la Circonference, derechef il la ramene de haut en bas en angle aigu dessous l’espee contraire & au dessus du Diametre, avec le corps panché à l’envers.'' |
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|Coming to Circle No 3, suppose Zachary is again waiting in the same posture, presenting his sword at an obtuse angle, as shown in the following Plate. To approach, Alexander has again walked forward the same way as in the previous Circle, until his right foot is one pace from the Circumference, at the same time he moved his sword and arm down at an acute angle, off to the right side. Again, as he raises his left foot and steps forward, he again brings his sword upwards to an obtuse angle. At the instant his foot touches the ground with the toes on the Circumference at C, he brings the sword diagonally beneath his opponent’s sword at an acute angle, his body leaning slightly backwards. That much is shown here; the next step will be described later. | |Coming to Circle No 3, suppose Zachary is again waiting in the same posture, presenting his sword at an obtuse angle, as shown in the following Plate. To approach, Alexander has again walked forward the same way as in the previous Circle, until his right foot is one pace from the Circumference, at the same time he moved his sword and arm down at an acute angle, off to the right side. Again, as he raises his left foot and steps forward, he again brings his sword upwards to an obtuse angle. At the instant his foot touches the ground with the toes on the Circumference at C, he brings the sword diagonally beneath his opponent’s sword at an acute angle, his body leaning slightly backwards. That much is shown here; the next step will be described later. | ||
− | |Touchant le Cercle N.3. il faut | + | |Touchant le Cercle N.3. il faut presupposer, que Zacharie l’attend derechef en la mesme posture, luy presentant l’espee en angle obtus, comme on le voit depeint au Tableau suivant. Pour l’aborder, Alexandre a marché encores tout de mesme, qu’au Cercle precedēt, jusqu’à ce qu’en approchant le pied droit si pres, qu’il ne reste plus qu’un pas pour atteindre la Circonference, il a avancé au mesme temps le bras avec l’espee vers le bas en angle aigu, tirant un peu à main droite; & derechef, il l’a ramenée circulairement en haut en angle obtus, durant l’eslevation & l’avancement du pied gauche, lequel en venant à planter en terre sur la Circonference au point C, au mesme instant il porte son espee diagonalement dessous la contraire in angle aigu le corps un peu renversé. Voilà tout ce qu’il fait jusqu’icy: la suite sera declarée en son lieu. |
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|''In Circle No 4, he has stepped forward with right foot, and planted it at the point X, thrusting his sword out in a straight line over the Diameter, with the left foot following at the same time to arrive on the Pedal Line.Alexander has advanced two or three paces and as he placed his left foot in front of Circle No 4, he moved his sword forward at an acute angle, which he then raised back up while stepping with the right foot, and brought it up beside his head over his right shoulder, with the point behind.'' | |''In Circle No 4, he has stepped forward with right foot, and planted it at the point X, thrusting his sword out in a straight line over the Diameter, with the left foot following at the same time to arrive on the Pedal Line.Alexander has advanced two or three paces and as he placed his left foot in front of Circle No 4, he moved his sword forward at an acute angle, which he then raised back up while stepping with the right foot, and brought it up beside his head over his right shoulder, with the point behind.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre apres | + | |''Alexandre apres s’estre avancé deux ou trois pas, en venant à planter le pied gauche devant le Cercle N.4. avance l’espee en angle aigu, laquelle il ramene derechef en haut durant la demarche du pied droit, & la porte à costé de sa teste au dessus de l’espaule droite, avec la pointe tournée en arriere.'' |
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|Here, in Circle No 4, suppose Zachary has adopted the direct line posture. Alexander again approaches in the same way, having taken two or three paces, as he puts his left foot down by the point of the Circumscribed Square, he moves the sword downwards at an acute angle. As he continues to step with his right foot into range, as he raises it and moves it forward, he brings the sword back up beside his head, over his right shoulder, with the tip pointing behind, and the guard about the height of the shoulder, and a little forward, as shown in the figure. | |Here, in Circle No 4, suppose Zachary has adopted the direct line posture. Alexander again approaches in the same way, having taken two or three paces, as he puts his left foot down by the point of the Circumscribed Square, he moves the sword downwards at an acute angle. As he continues to step with his right foot into range, as he raises it and moves it forward, he brings the sword back up beside his head, over his right shoulder, with the tip pointing behind, and the guard about the height of the shoulder, and a little forward, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Icy en ce Cercle N.4. | + | |Icy en ce Cercle N.4.presupposant que Zacharie se soit mis en la posture de la droite ligne. Alexandre vient derechef alencontre, ayant preallablement fait deux, trois, ou quatre pas en la mesme sorte que dessus, à la fin desquels en mettant le pied gauche en terre devant l’angle du Quarré circonscrit, il avance l’espee vers le bas an angle aigu; puis en continuant à marcher du pied droit pour entrer en mesure, durant l’eslevation & l’avancement d’iceluy, il la raporte en haut à costé de sa teste au dessus de l’espaule droite, la pointe haussée en derriere, & la garde environ la hauteur de l’espaule, un peu en avant; comme il est representé en la figure. |
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− | + | | These are the actions he has done as shown in this Plate. The next will contain how he moves into range, advancing the right foot to the Circumference of the Circle, meanwhile swinging the tip of sword inversely from high to low, which he does with a twist of the wrist and a little motion of the arm and continuing on until he has put his blade underneath his opponent’s in parallel and in a direct line. But as these things are shown in the following Plate, I shall finish my explanation of the Third Plate and move on. | |
− | |These are the actions he has done as shown in this Plate. The next will contain how he moves into range, advancing the right foot to the Circumference of the Circle, meanwhile swinging the tip of sword inversely from high to low, which he does with a twist of the wrist and a little motion of the arm and continuing on until he has put his blade underneath his opponent’s in parallel and in a direct line. But as these things are shown in the following Plate, I shall finish my explanation of the Third Plate and move on. | + | | Telles sont les aćtions qu’il a faites en ce Tableau present; la suite contiendra cōment c’est qu’il entre en mesure, en avançant le pied droit jusqu’à la Circonference du Cercle, & tournant ce temps pendant la pointe de sa lame circulairement à l’envers du haut en bas à son costé; ce qu’il fait du poignet de la main avec quelque petite accommodation du bras, en continuant le mesme tour jusqu’à tant qu’il ait mis sa lame dessous l’espee contraire en ligne droite & parallele. Mais puis que ces choses seront representées au Tableau suivant, faisons icy la fin du Troisieme, & passons outre. |
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− | |Telles | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 04.jpg|600px]] |
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|I believe there will be some who, barely having glanced at Plate IV and its text, who will instantly decide that the topic should have been far too simple for such a long discussion, that we should not have tried earlier to expand the material, that it should be made simple to understand. But I ask them to consider that these are the basic foundations of this science, which will draw after them a long train of incomplete problems, which are impossible to solve if they are not closely examined at the beginning of training. Because, just as effects flow from causes, so there must be neither doubt, nor failure to understand, that all of the teachings which follow are devoid of mistakes and falsehoods. That is why I intend to use very precise descriptions of these initial moves, because the consequences are so important. Having shown, through the four images of Zachary in Plate III, how to adopt the direct line, on the Circle, or on some other ground wherever it is, we shall now begin to describe Alexander’s actions, which were started and partially explained in Plate III, to show how to approach against the direct line posture and against the obtuse angle posture. Then we shall enter into a discussion of the value of the direct line posture, and the range of the First Instance (i.e. the first step in the fight sequence), to which we shall finally add the means of changing and adapting to different lengths of swords. | |I believe there will be some who, barely having glanced at Plate IV and its text, who will instantly decide that the topic should have been far too simple for such a long discussion, that we should not have tried earlier to expand the material, that it should be made simple to understand. But I ask them to consider that these are the basic foundations of this science, which will draw after them a long train of incomplete problems, which are impossible to solve if they are not closely examined at the beginning of training. Because, just as effects flow from causes, so there must be neither doubt, nor failure to understand, that all of the teachings which follow are devoid of mistakes and falsehoods. That is why I intend to use very precise descriptions of these initial moves, because the consequences are so important. Having shown, through the four images of Zachary in Plate III, how to adopt the direct line, on the Circle, or on some other ground wherever it is, we shall now begin to describe Alexander’s actions, which were started and partially explained in Plate III, to show how to approach against the direct line posture and against the obtuse angle posture. Then we shall enter into a discussion of the value of the direct line posture, and the range of the First Instance (i.e. the first step in the fight sequence), to which we shall finally add the means of changing and adapting to different lengths of swords. | ||
− | |Ie croy, qu’il y en aura | + | |Ie croy, qu’il y en aura plusieurs, qui n’auront pas si tost jetté les yeux sur ce Tableau IV. & sur ses escrits, qu’ils ne jugent tout à l’instant, que le sujet en eust esté trop maigre pour un si long discours, si nous n’eussions tasché plus tost d’amplifier la matiere, que de la rendre simplement intelligible. Mais je les prie de considerer, que ce sont icy les premiers fondements de la science, qui tireroyent apres eux une trainee de difficultez infinies, & impossibles à resoudre, en cas qu’ils ne fussent examinez curieusement à l’entree de la discipline. Car comme les effećts se conforment tousiours à leurs causes, aussi il ne faut pas douter, erreur estant le premier maistre, que toute la doćtrine ensuivante ne fust pleine d’abus & de tromperie. C’est pourqouy j’entends d’user d’une exaćt declaration de ces premiers commencements, puis qu’il en depend de si grandes consequences. Ayant donc enseigné par les quatre figures de Zacharie au Tabl. III. la maniere de donner la droite ligne, sur le Cercle, ou sur quelque autre plan, que ce soit; nous commencerons à descrire presentement la poursuite des operations d’Alexandre, à demi parachevées audit Tabl. III. pour faire ses approches contre la droite ligne, & contre l’angle obtus; puis entrerons en discours touchant l’excellence du ceste posture de la droite ligne, & de la mesure de la premiere Instance; à quoy nous adjousterons finalement la maniere de la changer & accommoder selon les diverses mesures des Espees. |
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|''Alexander began his approach against the direct line, as shown by Circle No 1 in Plate III. Here he proceeds with the rest of it, as he arrives at the First Instance with the sword extended in direct line below his adversary’s sword.'' | |''Alexander began his approach against the direct line, as shown by Circle No 1 in Plate III. Here he proceeds with the rest of it, as he arrives at the First Instance with the sword extended in direct line below his adversary’s sword.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre ayant commencé à faire | + | |''Alexandre ayant commencé à faire ses approches contre la droite ligne, en la forme qu’il est representée au Tabl. III. Cercle N.1: il en pousuit icy le reste, en venant sur la Permiere Instance avec l’espee estendue en droite ligne au dessous de l’espee contraire.'' |
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|In Circle No 1, as was explained in the preceding Plate, Zacharie has put himself on guard first, in the direct line posture, his right foot on the line X–Y, his toes touching the end at the circumference, his left foot on the Pedal Line Z, holding his body erect, and showing his profile to the enemy, in such a way that his head and the centre of his body are over the middle of the Quadrangle on which he stands. | |In Circle No 1, as was explained in the preceding Plate, Zacharie has put himself on guard first, in the direct line posture, his right foot on the line X–Y, his toes touching the end at the circumference, his left foot on the Pedal Line Z, holding his body erect, and showing his profile to the enemy, in such a way that his head and the centre of his body are over the middle of the Quadrangle on which he stands. | ||
− | |Touchant le Cercle N.1. il a | + | |Touchant le Cercle N.1. il a esté dit au precedent Tableau, que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie s’est mis le premier en campagne, en la posture de la droite ligne, le pied droit sur la ligne XY, en touchant du bout d’iceluy la Circonference; & le pied gauche sur la ligne Pedale Z, tenant le corps estendu en ligne perpendiculaire, & flanqué en pourfil sur l’Ennemi; en telle sorte que la teste & le centre du corps respondent justement dessus le milieu du Quadrangle, où il est placé. |
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|To reach him, Alexander has taken two, three, or four paces forward, more or less, according to the distance, while freely carrying his sword however he wished. Then as he put his left foot down near the Circle, about one pace distant, so one more step with his right foot to C would put him into range in the First Instance, he straightened his arm and extended his sword out and down to the right. Following that, as he raises his right foot, he lifts the sword high up into an obtuse angle on the same side, as he prepares to make the final step, taking everything into account to precisely guage the distance to his adversary’s body, arm, and sword so he can put the tip of his sword near to the opponent’s guard and just underneath it along the same line, as he comes into range, and which will put him exactly at the First Instance, which will be described shortly. | |To reach him, Alexander has taken two, three, or four paces forward, more or less, according to the distance, while freely carrying his sword however he wished. Then as he put his left foot down near the Circle, about one pace distant, so one more step with his right foot to C would put him into range in the First Instance, he straightened his arm and extended his sword out and down to the right. Following that, as he raises his right foot, he lifts the sword high up into an obtuse angle on the same side, as he prepares to make the final step, taking everything into account to precisely guage the distance to his adversary’s body, arm, and sword so he can put the tip of his sword near to the opponent’s guard and just underneath it along the same line, as he comes into range, and which will put him exactly at the First Instance, which will be described shortly. | ||
− | |Pour l’aborder, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre fait deux, trois, ou quatre pas en avant, plus ou moins, | + | |Pour l’aborder, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre fait deux, trois, ou quatre pas en avant, plus ou moins, selon la distance, & a porté ce temps pendant l’espee librement à sa fantasie: puis en faisant la demarche du pied gauche, & le venant à planter si pres du Cercle, qu’il pouvoit arriver du prochain pas, à faire du pied droit, sur la Premiere Instance au point C, durant icelle demarche il a porté le bras estendu ensemble avec l’espee, en ligne droite, en bas, à son costé droit; & en poursuivant à eslever le pied droit, & porter ensemblement le bras avec l’espee en haut, en angle obtus au mesme costé, il s’est preparé pour faire le pas ensuivant tant plus juste, en prenant la mesure à l’aulne de la veuë, au regard de la distance du corps, du bras, & de l’espee contraire; afin de porter sa pointe tout pres de la garde contraire, & justement dessous la mesme ligne, au mesme temps, qu’il entrera en mesure, & qu’il se mettra exaćtement sur la Premiere Instance, en la maniere qui sera tantost descrite. |
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|All of these steps were previously shown and described in Circle No 1, in Plate III. In any case, it seemed necessary to show at this point, so as to explain certain points more fully, and likewise, to illustrate for you the full approach, rather than one or two disparate images in two Plates, neither of which would sufficiently clarify the other to the satisfaction of the reader. So let us see how he accomplishes this first approach, as shown here. | |All of these steps were previously shown and described in Circle No 1, in Plate III. In any case, it seemed necessary to show at this point, so as to explain certain points more fully, and likewise, to illustrate for you the full approach, rather than one or two disparate images in two Plates, neither of which would sufficiently clarify the other to the satisfaction of the reader. So let us see how he accomplishes this first approach, as shown here. | ||
− | | | + | |Iusques icy toutes ses aćtions ont esté representées & declarées au Cercle N.1. du Tableau III. dont toutesfous il me semble, que la representation a esté necessaire en cest endroit, afin d’en expliquer quelques particularitez de plus pres, & pareillement pour vous mettre devant les yeux tout d’une approche, qui autrement resembleront à un corps desmembré, comme estant divisé en deux Tableaux, sans que l’un fust suffisamment esclarcy par l’autre au contentemēt du Lećteur. Voyons donc le parachevement de ceste premiere approche, qui est tel. |
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|Alexander begins by advancing the entire right side of his body, foot, arm, and sword together, dropping the blade downwards as it makes a circular sweep towards the front. At the same time as he puts his foot down on the circumference of the Circle, his toes at the point C, with his heel along the right hand side of the collateral line of the Quadrangle, he stiffens his arm and wrist, and circles the blade back upwards under the adversary’s sword until it is parallel, with the tip as close as possible to his opponent’s hilt without touching it, as shown by the figure. | |Alexander begins by advancing the entire right side of his body, foot, arm, and sword together, dropping the blade downwards as it makes a circular sweep towards the front. At the same time as he puts his foot down on the circumference of the Circle, his toes at the point C, with his heel along the right hand side of the collateral line of the Quadrangle, he stiffens his arm and wrist, and circles the blade back upwards under the adversary’s sword until it is parallel, with the tip as close as possible to his opponent’s hilt without touching it, as shown by the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commençant à advancer egalement le | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commençant à advancer egalement le costé droit du corps, pied, bras, & espee ensemble; abaisse tout à l’instant sa lame un peu circulairement vers le devant; & en metant le pied à terre sur la Circonference du Cercle au point C, le talon d’iceluy sur la ligne collaterale du Quadrangle à main droite, au mesme temps en roidissant le bras & le poignet de la main, il avance sa lame circulairement en haut dessous l’espee contraire en ligne parallele, en assituant la pointe droit à la garde contraire, le plus pres qu’il a peu faire, sans toucher, ainsi qu’on voit en sa figure. |
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|This last motion of carrying the sword up under the opponent’s sword is made with impetus, so that the right side is pulled forward and so that the right foot easily spins on the ball of the foot onto the line C–B, and drawing the left foot along the ground to its natural place along the Pedal Line. At this instant, he straightens and draws upright, standing in profile, and finishes the movement of the sword in a direct line underneath his opponent’s sword. | |This last motion of carrying the sword up under the opponent’s sword is made with impetus, so that the right side is pulled forward and so that the right foot easily spins on the ball of the foot onto the line C–B, and drawing the left foot along the ground to its natural place along the Pedal Line. At this instant, he straightens and draws upright, standing in profile, and finishes the movement of the sword in a direct line underneath his opponent’s sword. | ||
− | |Ce dernier mouvement de porter | + | |Ce dernier mouvement de porter l’espee en haut dessous l’espee contraire, il le fait avec une certaine impetuosité, dequoy le costé droit du corps est tiré en avant, & consequemment le talon du mesme pied se glisse en dehors sur la ligne CB, entrainant quand & quand le pied gauche par terre, jusqu’à sa place ordinaire, qui est a ligne Pedale; auquel instant il se redresse le corps perpendiculairement, le mettant en pourfil, & finissant le mouvement de l’espee en ligne droite au dessous de l’espee contraire. |
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|In this way, they both stand in the same posture, with feet planted on the same lines, head and body centred over the same point, each on their own end, standing upright and tall and sideways, their nerves and muscles tensed, their knees and sword-arms straight, the handle held firmly in the fist, both blades parallel, side-by-side, above and below. The tip, the hilt, and the shoulder extending out in as straight a line as possible, parallel to the ground. A natural posture, which is very advantageous and convenient for both remaining in place and for moving, right, left, forwards, or backwards, without any hindrance. This is not true of other postures, such as they are. Because whatever advantages they have, they are outweighed by disadvantages. Only the direct line is a posture equiped equally well for attacking in all directions and also for defending against all attacks. | |In this way, they both stand in the same posture, with feet planted on the same lines, head and body centred over the same point, each on their own end, standing upright and tall and sideways, their nerves and muscles tensed, their knees and sword-arms straight, the handle held firmly in the fist, both blades parallel, side-by-side, above and below. The tip, the hilt, and the shoulder extending out in as straight a line as possible, parallel to the ground. A natural posture, which is very advantageous and convenient for both remaining in place and for moving, right, left, forwards, or backwards, without any hindrance. This is not true of other postures, such as they are. Because whatever advantages they have, they are outweighed by disadvantages. Only the direct line is a posture equiped equally well for attacking in all directions and also for defending against all attacks. | ||
− | |Par | + | |Par ainsi les voilà touts deux en pareille posture, ayants les pieds plātez sur mesmes lignes, la teste & le centre du corps respondants au dessus du mesme centre, chascun au sien, les corps estendus perpendiculairemēt, & en flanc, touts les nerfs & muscles tendus, les genoux, & le bras de l’espee roides, la poignee bien fort serrée dedans le poing, les deux lames colloquées en lignes paralleles dessous & dessus; la pointe, la garde, & l’espaule droite, tant qu’il est possible, en egale hauteur. Posture du tout naturelle, qui a l’assituation des pieds, du corps, & de l’espee grandement favorable & avantageuse, tant pour demeurer, que pour se bouger, à droite, à gauche, en avant, & en arriere, sans nulle incommodité. Ce qui ne se rencontrera pas en des autres postures, quelles quelles soyent. Car pour les avantages qu’elles donnent, tousiours elles donnent pareillement autant ou plus de desavantage en contreschange. La seule droite ligne est une posture à tout faire, munie de touts costez egalement, & egalement preparée de touts costez à sa defense. |
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|''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm.'' | |''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre poursuit la premiere approche contre l’angle obtus, par luy commencé & à demi faite au Tableau precedent Cercle N.2. où il estoit venu jusqu’à se mettre l’espee à costé de la teste, avec le pied droit un peu avancé en l’air: maintenant en venant sur la Premiere Instance, il la met pareillement en angle obtus contre l’autre en dedans du bras.'' |
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|On Circle No 2, Zachary presents his sword in the obtuse angle posture, the rest of his body held the same as the previous Circle, so that these two postures are almost the same. Observe now how Alexander works against him. Having turned his toso to face him, he has approached with two, three, or four paces, more or less, according to the distance between them. He held his sword in the meantime in the crux of his left arm while stepping with the right foot. Again advancing,and putting his left foot on the ground about one pace away from the Circle, he turned the sword diagonally down at an acute angle towards his right side. As he lifted his right foot to step forward, he then raised the sword again, up beside his head, over his right shoulder, with the hilt in front of and about even with the shoulder and the tip up behind his head. | |On Circle No 2, Zachary presents his sword in the obtuse angle posture, the rest of his body held the same as the previous Circle, so that these two postures are almost the same. Observe now how Alexander works against him. Having turned his toso to face him, he has approached with two, three, or four paces, more or less, according to the distance between them. He held his sword in the meantime in the crux of his left arm while stepping with the right foot. Again advancing,and putting his left foot on the ground about one pace away from the Circle, he turned the sword diagonally down at an acute angle towards his right side. As he lifted his right foot to step forward, he then raised the sword again, up beside his head, over his right shoulder, with the hilt in front of and about even with the shoulder and the tip up behind his head. | ||
− | |Sur le Cercle N.2. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> | + | |Sur le Cercle N.2. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> presente l’espee en angle obtus, tenant au reste le corps tout de mesme, qu’au Cercle precedent; de façon que ces deux postures reviennent quasi en une. Voyons comment c’est que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> travaille alencontre. Ayant tourné la poitrine contre sa partie, il s’est acheminé tout droit a luy, en faisant deux, trois, ou quatre pas, plus ou moins, à mesure de la distance, qui est entre deux; se mettant cependant l’espee sur le coude du bras gauche in avançant le pied droit; & derechef avançant, & mettant le gauche en terre, si pres du Cercle, qu’il peut atteindre la Circonference au premier pas ensuivant; il l’a portée diagonalement en avant vers sa main droite en angle aigu: & puis l’a remontée encor pour la seconde fois, durant l’elevation & l’avancemēt du pied droit, à costé de sa teste par dessus l’espaule droite; tenant la garde un peu avancée sur la hauteur d’icelle espaule, & la pointe un peu contremont par derriere la teste. |
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|All his actions to this point were described in the preceeding Plate. The rest follows here. | |All his actions to this point were described in the preceeding Plate. The rest follows here. | ||
− | | | + | |Iusques à icy ses aćtions on esté descrites au Tableau precedent: s’en ensuit maintenant le reste. |
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|He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by dominating the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, which shall be explained elsewhere. | |He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by dominating the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, which shall be explained elsewhere. | ||
− | |Il avance le | + | |Il avance le costé droit du corps, menant egalement au mesme tēps le pied, le bras, & l’espee; dont il plante le pied sur le costé du Quadrangle CB. (non pas sur la collaterale, comme il a fait en la demonstration precedente) laissant trainer le pied gauche apres, sur la ligne Pedale; & au mesme temps, il porte l’espee en avant droit à l’Ennemi, la mettant contre icelle en angle obtus, en dedans du bras, Nombre 5. contre Nombre 5, sans faire aucun effort alencontre; s’apprestant par ce moyen à marcher par deçà le Diametre, en assujettissant l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance, comme il sera declaré autrepart. |
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|Of all the postures which one might adopt, the Obtuse Angle is the strongest. No one wishes to give their adversary any advantage when he uses this one, so one must bring his sword to the same obtuse angle against it, and particularly if he intends to attack. If he were to try anything else, say, an attack along the direct line, the adversary would drop his blade down and interrupt the thrust along the direct line by taking a similar direct line, but over top of the other, and in a more natural and more powerful position. This is because movments which descend from above are assisted by forces of Nature. We call them natural moves. The other movements are unnatural and consequently weaker, some more, and some less. This can be manfestly seen when one person drops a rock from high up, and another person throws a rock upwards from below. One loses energy at every instant until it starts to fall back to the ground, as if exhausted from work. The other, falling from above, continuously gains energy. If the one should happen to hit the other, everyone knows that the one falling from above will affect the other more than the one thrown from below can affect the one falling, because the unnatural cannot resist natural forces any more than the weak can resist the strong, any more than one who is missing limbs can against someone fit, vigorous, and able. | |Of all the postures which one might adopt, the Obtuse Angle is the strongest. No one wishes to give their adversary any advantage when he uses this one, so one must bring his sword to the same obtuse angle against it, and particularly if he intends to attack. If he were to try anything else, say, an attack along the direct line, the adversary would drop his blade down and interrupt the thrust along the direct line by taking a similar direct line, but over top of the other, and in a more natural and more powerful position. This is because movments which descend from above are assisted by forces of Nature. We call them natural moves. The other movements are unnatural and consequently weaker, some more, and some less. This can be manfestly seen when one person drops a rock from high up, and another person throws a rock upwards from below. One loses energy at every instant until it starts to fall back to the ground, as if exhausted from work. The other, falling from above, continuously gains energy. If the one should happen to hit the other, everyone knows that the one falling from above will affect the other more than the one thrown from below can affect the one falling, because the unnatural cannot resist natural forces any more than the weak can resist the strong, any more than one who is missing limbs can against someone fit, vigorous, and able. | ||
− | |Entre toutes ces | + | |Entre toutes ces postures, qui puissent estre, celle de l’angle obtus est la plus forte. Partant quiconque ne veut donner à sa partie adverse de l’avantage, lors qu’il en use; il faut qu’il porte son espee de mesme en angle obtus alencontre, & principalemēt s’il pretend de luy donner l’assaut. Car s’il y veut aller autrement, comme posé qu’il le veuille attaquer avec la droite ligne, l’Adversaire pourra laisser descendre au mesme temps l’espee de haut à bas, d’angle obtus en angle droit, & par ainsi rencontrer l’estocade de la ligne droite inferieure d’une semblable ligne droite, mais superieur, & par consequent plus naturelle, & plus puissante. Car les mouvements qui viennent de haut, ont la nature en aide; nous les appellons naturels. Les austres sont violents, & par consequent aussi plus foibles, qui plus, & qui moins. Cela se voit manifestement par exemple, quand une pierre est jettée de haut en bas, & une autre jettée de la main d’une personne contremont. L’une perd à touts moments de sa vigeur, de plus en plus jusqu’à tant qu’elle retombe d’elle mesme à terre, comme lassée du travail, & opprimée de sa propre charge. L’autre qui vient de haut, augmente continuellement sa force. S’il advient, que ces deux pierres se rencontrent & choquent en l’air l’une contre l’autre, tout le monde sait, que celle d’enhaut enforcera l’autre, & que le Violent ne pourra resister au Naturel, non plus, que le foible au fort, ne celuy qui seroit perclus de ses membres à un qui fust dispost, gaillard, & habile. |
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|It is the same with the practice of arms. The strong overcomes the weak, the natural defeats the unnatural. The superior and descending dominates the lower and ascending. To conclude, when the enemy has his sword at an obtuse angle, it is always necessary for us to adopt the same angle against him, so his moves are not more powerful than ours. | |It is the same with the practice of arms. The strong overcomes the weak, the natural defeats the unnatural. The superior and descending dominates the lower and ascending. To conclude, when the enemy has his sword at an obtuse angle, it is always necessary for us to adopt the same angle against him, so his moves are not more powerful than ours. | ||
− | |De | + | |De mesme en est il en la Pratique des armes. Le fort a l’avantage par dessus le foible, le naturel vainc le violent: le superieur & descendant, domine l’inferieur, & ascendant. Concluons donc, quand c’est qu l’Ennemi tient son espee en angle obtus, soit qu’il est tousiours necessaire de nous servir du mesme angle obtus alencontre, afin que ses mouvements ne soyent superieurs aux nostres. |
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|''Alexander has placed his left foot on the circumference at point C, and has moved his sword under the opponent’s sword, as shown in Circle No 3, in Plate III. He follows on by coming into the First Instance, crossing swords in an obtuse angle, on the outside of the arm.'' | |''Alexander has placed his left foot on the circumference at point C, and has moved his sword under the opponent’s sword, as shown in Circle No 3, in Plate III. He follows on by coming into the First Instance, crossing swords in an obtuse angle, on the outside of the arm.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre estant venu à planter le pied gauche à la Circonference au C, & ensemblement à mettre l’espee en angle aigu dessous de l’espee contraire, suivant la Representation du Tabl. III. Cercle N.3. il pousuit icy le reste de ceste seconde approche, en venant sur la Premiere Instance, & accouplant derechef les espees en angle obtus en dehors du bras.'' |
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|In Circle No 3, Zachary’s posture has not changed from the one before. But Alexander’s approach has, as described, below. | |In Circle No 3, Zachary’s posture has not changed from the one before. But Alexander’s approach has, as described, below. | ||
− | |En ce Cercle N.3. la | + | |En ce Cercle N.3. la posture de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ne differe en rien de la precedente: mais bien l’approche d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, comme il apparoistra par la description suivante. |
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|As I say, Alexander has taken three or four steps according to the distance, holding the sword across the stomach, as described before after drawing the sword, or having rested it in the crook of his left arm. Finally, as he as come close enough to the circle with his right foot that one more pace will bring him to the First Instance, he raised his arm with the sword up at an obtuse angle a bit to the right. Again, as he raised, moved, and placed his left foot on the ground at the Circumference point C, he dropped the sword down to an acute angle, swinging it diagonally under his opponent’s sword, with his body leaning slightly back on the right knee, which is bent. | |As I say, Alexander has taken three or four steps according to the distance, holding the sword across the stomach, as described before after drawing the sword, or having rested it in the crook of his left arm. Finally, as he as come close enough to the circle with his right foot that one more pace will bring him to the First Instance, he raised his arm with the sword up at an obtuse angle a bit to the right. Again, as he raised, moved, and placed his left foot on the ground at the Circumference point C, he dropped the sword down to an acute angle, swinging it diagonally under his opponent’s sword, with his body leaning slightly back on the right knee, which is bent. | ||
− | |Ie di donc, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a marché trois ou quatre pas en avant, à | + | |Ie di donc, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a marché trois ou quatre pas en avant, à mesure de la distance; tenant du commencement l’espee de travers par devant sa poitrine, en la maniere, qu’il a esté dit cy dessus apres le desgainement, ou l’ayant couchée sur le coude du bras gauche, & que finalement en approchant le pied droit si pres du Cercle, qu’il ne restoit qu’un pas à faire, pour venir à la Premiere Instance, il a haussé egalement le bras avec l’espee, en angle obtus un peu à costé: & derechef en levant, avançant, & abaissant le pied gauche à terre, à la Circonference lettre C. il les a descendus egalemēt de haut en bas, portant l’espee diagonalement dessous l’espee contraire en angle aigu, avec le corps panché un peu à l’envers sur le genouil droit, iceluy estant plié. |
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|Because this action will be used frequently at various occasions, I must caution you, when stepping into the First Instance with the left foot, and bringing the sword underneath the opposing blade at an acute angle, as much for attacking the enemy as for awaiting his attack, to always lean back on the right leg, with the right knee bent, to stay out of range this way, so he must take a larger step and take a longer time if he wishes to take advantage of his present superior position and attack, which is, at this point on his side. You, on the contrary, will find it easier to defend. | |Because this action will be used frequently at various occasions, I must caution you, when stepping into the First Instance with the left foot, and bringing the sword underneath the opposing blade at an acute angle, as much for attacking the enemy as for awaiting his attack, to always lean back on the right leg, with the right knee bent, to stay out of range this way, so he must take a larger step and take a longer time if he wishes to take advantage of his present superior position and attack, which is, at this point on his side. You, on the contrary, will find it easier to defend. | ||
− | |Puis que | + | |Puis que l’usage de ceste operation viendra souvant à point en plusieurs occasions, je vous averti, en mettant le pied gauche en terre, à la Premiere Instance, & portant l’espee dessous l’espee contraire en angle aigu, tant pour travailler sur l’Ennemi, que pour attendre sa charge, de ce faire en toutes occasions avec le susdit panchement du corps sur la jambe droite, le genouil d’icelle plié, pour demeurer tant plus hors de presence, afin que s’il voulust travailler sur vous avec l’avantage de la superiorité, qui est pour le present de son costé, il eust besoin d’un plus grand temps pour vous atteindre; & vous, au contraire plus de commodité pour faire la defence. |
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|Everything Alexander has done up to this point was explained fully in the description of Plate III. Here is the rest. | |Everything Alexander has done up to this point was explained fully in the description of Plate III. Here is the rest. | ||
− | |Tout ce qu’Alexandre a fait | + | |Tout ce qu’Alexandre a fait jusques icy, a esté declaré assez particulierement en la description du Tableau III. En voicy donc à ceste heure la poursuite. |
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|After having put his left foot on the Circumference at point C, he begins to shift his weight onto it, while lifting and moving his right foot forward, he raises his arm and sword at the same time into an obtuse angle. He contacts the opponent’s blade on the outside of the arm, his 6th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, as shown in the picture. Thus having prepared to step with the right foot, which is at this moment in the air, with the right hand he subjugates the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, as shall be shown hereafter in several places. | |After having put his left foot on the Circumference at point C, he begins to shift his weight onto it, while lifting and moving his right foot forward, he raises his arm and sword at the same time into an obtuse angle. He contacts the opponent’s blade on the outside of the arm, his 6th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, as shown in the picture. Thus having prepared to step with the right foot, which is at this moment in the air, with the right hand he subjugates the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, as shall be shown hereafter in several places. | ||
− | |Ayant mis le pied gauche à la Circonference au point C, il commence à | + | |Ayant mis le pied gauche à la Circonference au point C, il commence à souslever sur iceluy son corps, en eslevant & avancant le pied droit, & haussant au mesme temps le bras avec l’espee en angle obtus; l’accouplant avec l’espee contraire en dehors du bras Nombre 6. au Nombre 5: ainsi qu’il est demonstré à sa pourtraiture. S’estant par ainsi appresté à marcher du pied droit, qui est à present en l’air, à main doite, en assujettissant l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance; comme il sera monstré cy apres en plusieurs endroits. |
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|A note to the reader concerning this portrait of Alexander, that is does not match the description exactly. The left foot, which should be on the Circumference, is only about the middle of the Quadrangle. This was deliberate, so that it would not obscure the view of the figure behind, on the fourth Circle. | |A note to the reader concerning this portrait of Alexander, that is does not match the description exactly. The left foot, which should be on the Circumference, is only about the middle of the Quadrangle. This was deliberate, so that it would not obscure the view of the figure behind, on the fourth Circle. | ||
− | |Cependent Lećteur | + | |Cependent Lećteur soyez adverti touchant la pourtrait de cest figure d’Alexandre, qu’elle n’accorde pas du tout à nostre description: car le pied gauche, qui devoit estre toucher la Circonference, ne vient qu’environ le milieu du Quadrangle; ce qui a esté fait out expres, afin qu’il n’empeschast la veüe de la figure, qui se tient derriere, sur le plan quatrieme. |
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|''Alexandre has, once again, started to make his second approach against the direct line posture, and proceeded to the point where he has raised his sword up next to his head, with the right foot raised to step (as shown in the previous Plate, Circle No 4). He is about to enter into range in the First Instance, turning, and advancing his sword in a line parallel to and above his opponent’s.'' | |''Alexandre has, once again, started to make his second approach against the direct line posture, and proceeded to the point where he has raised his sword up next to his head, with the right foot raised to step (as shown in the previous Plate, Circle No 4). He is about to enter into range in the First Instance, turning, and advancing his sword in a line parallel to and above his opponent’s.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre ayant recommencé à faire une | + | |''Alexandre ayant recommencé à faire une seconde approche contre la droite ligne, & icelle poursuivie jusqu’à porter l’espee à costé de sa teste, avec le pied droit eslevé (comme il est representé au Tableau precedent Cercle N.4.) il entre icy en mesure à Premiere Instance, en tournant & avancant l’espee en ligne parallele au dessus de l’autre.'' |
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|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> is again waiting in the direct line posture. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> came up to him in the following way, that is, he took three or four steps and held the sword at an acute angle, down and forward until he took a step with his left foot, which brought him within one pace of the Circle, so that the next step would put him into the First Instance. As he raised his right foot and stepped forward, he brought the sword up high, beside his head, holding the hilt in front of his shoulder, and the tip up behind. This is according to the explanation in Plate III. I shall now explain how he proceeds. | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> is again waiting in the direct line posture. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> came up to him in the following way, that is, he took three or four steps and held the sword at an acute angle, down and forward until he took a step with his left foot, which brought him within one pace of the Circle, so that the next step would put him into the First Instance. As he raised his right foot and stepped forward, he brought the sword up high, beside his head, holding the hilt in front of his shoulder, and the tip up behind. This is according to the explanation in Plate III. I shall now explain how he proceeds. | ||
− | |Zacharie | + | |Zacharie se tenant derechef en la posture de la droite ligne, Alexandre le vient aborder en la maniere suivante; c’est assavoir, qu’en ayant preallablement fait trois, ou quatre pas, & porté l’espee en avant en angle aigu, durant la demarche du pied gauche, par laquelle il s’est approché si pres du Cercle, qu’il pouvoit arriver desormais en un pas à la Permiere Instance; consequemment en eslevant & avançant le pied droit, il a ramené l’espee en haut, à costé de sa teste, tenant le pommeau d’icelle au devant, à la hauteur de l’espaule, & la pointe en derriere un peu haussée. Le tout suivant la declaration plus particuliere du Tableau III. Disons maintenant comment il poursuit à parachever le surplus. |
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|He puts his right foot down at the letter C, turning the tip of his blade behind. He turns his wrist with a slight drop of the arm, until he brings it parallel to and above his opponent’s sword. | |He puts his right foot down at the letter C, turning the tip of his blade behind. He turns his wrist with a slight drop of the arm, until he brings it parallel to and above his opponent’s sword. | ||
− | |Le pied droit il met en terre à la lettre C, voltant la pointe de | + | |Le pied droit il met en terre à la lettre C, voltant la pointe de sa lame en arriere: en touranant le poignet avec quelque petite descente du bras, jusques à la porter finalement par dessus l’espee contraire en ce ligne parallele. |
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|So, we have two ways to approach against a direct line position: one is shown in the first circle, the other in the fourth; of the two, the first is safest. Because, to move the sword-tip behind or to the side while moving into range with the right foot, against an enemy already on guard in the First Instance, what does that do, if not to give him a clear advantage to risk a good thrust, to naturally try, and close up, on one who has put himself into a position to have to make an unnatural, rising defence with slower, bigger movements, from further away? This is why I say, that this last method of approach by Alexander is quite a graceful way to move into position, but too dangerous when coming into range, and that the first method is the best in all sorts of circumstances. | |So, we have two ways to approach against a direct line position: one is shown in the first circle, the other in the fourth; of the two, the first is safest. Because, to move the sword-tip behind or to the side while moving into range with the right foot, against an enemy already on guard in the First Instance, what does that do, if not to give him a clear advantage to risk a good thrust, to naturally try, and close up, on one who has put himself into a position to have to make an unnatural, rising defence with slower, bigger movements, from further away? This is why I say, that this last method of approach by Alexander is quite a graceful way to move into position, but too dangerous when coming into range, and that the first method is the best in all sorts of circumstances. | ||
− | |Voilà donc deux manieres de faire ses approches contre la droite ligne: l’une qui est | + | |Voilà donc deux manieres de faire ses approches contre la droite ligne: l’une qui est demonstrée sur le cercle premier, & l’autre sur le quatrieme; dont la premiere est la plus seure. Car de porter sa pointe derriere le dos, ou à costé, cependant qu’on entre avec le pied droit en mesure, estant l’Ennemi sur ses gardes à la Premiere Instance, qu’est ce, sinon luy donner un franc avantage de hazarder au mesme temps une bonne estocade, à tirer naturellement & de pres, sur celuy qui se met en estat de faire sa defense violentement contremont, avec des mouvements plus grands, & de plus loing? C’est ce qui me fait dire, que ceste derniere operation d’Alexandre est assez gratieuse pour se mettre le premier en posture; mais trop dangereuse pour entrer en mesure: & que la premiere c’est la meilleure en toute sorte d’occurrences. |
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|This Direct Line posture that we have described is flawless and superior to all other postures. For this reason, throughout the book, Zachary will usually adopt it for his defence. We give Alexander, who is his adversary, an infinity of opportunities to start from this, because it is the most adaptable, and consequently most useful for instruction, and for exercises for Scholars, than any other. I assure you, that anyone who knows how to handle himself against this posture will, as well, fully understand how to face various other styles, whether against a single sword, or with weapons in the left-hand. By the end of the first book, we shall have seen so many of these postures and their counters, that all the rest can be easily worked out from the same lessons. | |This Direct Line posture that we have described is flawless and superior to all other postures. For this reason, throughout the book, Zachary will usually adopt it for his defence. We give Alexander, who is his adversary, an infinity of opportunities to start from this, because it is the most adaptable, and consequently most useful for instruction, and for exercises for Scholars, than any other. I assure you, that anyone who knows how to handle himself against this posture will, as well, fully understand how to face various other styles, whether against a single sword, or with weapons in the left-hand. By the end of the first book, we shall have seen so many of these postures and their counters, that all the rest can be easily worked out from the same lessons. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est posture de la Droite ligne, que nous venons de descrir, est la plus noble; & la plus parfaite, de toutes: à raison dequoy Zacharie s’en servira ordinairement en ce livre pour defense, en donnant à Alexandre, qui est sa partie adverse, une infinité de differentes occasions, dont elle est plus capable, & consequemment aussi plus utile aux instrućtions, & aux exercises des Escholiers, que nulle autre. Vous asseurant, que celuy qui se sçaura bien gouverner alencontre d’icelle, comprenra aussi bien tant de diverses manieres, soit qu’ils se servent de l’espee seule, ou qu’ils l’assistent aussi de la main gauche. Desquelles postures, & de leurs contraires, nous avons inseré sur la fin du premier livre telle quantité, que tout le reste s’en pourra facilement rapporter aux mesmes leçons. |
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|Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, when it comes to the question of skillful sword use, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to subjugate it, or force it aside, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease. | |Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, when it comes to the question of skillful sword use, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to subjugate it, or force it aside, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease. | ||
− | |Touchant | + | |Touchant l’usage des postures, j’estime, s’il est question de tirer des armes par courtoisie, celuy qui sçaura bien presenter la droite ligne, n’en avoir besoin de nulle autre, pour sa defense, si la defense depend des postures; voire qu’elle sera bastante à celuy, qui en sçaura dextrement user, pour attendre, rabatre, & domter touts les plus rudes assauts, mesme du plus grād tireur d'armes, moyennant qu’il ne pratique que le vieil stile. Mais quand il seroit question de tirer à bon, & sur tout, quand il y iroit de la vie, il n’y a nulle garde, haute ne basse, longue ne courte, nulle posture de corps, nulle tenue d’espee, & fust elle qualifiée de touts les avantages possibles, en laquelle on se doive arrester pour attendre. Il est vray, que ce livre est grandement rempli des postures de la droite ligne; mais ce n’est que pour donner instrućtion. Quand ce viendra à l’a Pratique, je veux que nostre Escholier abandonne tout celà; & qu’il tienne, quant à luy, la mesme contenance & les mines de ceux qui se donnent l’assaut à bon escient, soit que l’Ennemi se tienne arresté en posture, soit qu’il s’avance, ou qu’il travaille. Il continuera tousiours à cheminer, en usant d’une demarche franche & naturelle, vers l’un ou l’autre des deux costez, fuyant sur tout la ligne du Diametre, où le corps de l’Ennemi est dressé, & tenant perpetuellement, tant qu’il sera possible, les corps, les diametres, instances, & mouvements en desgalité. Car pour bien travailler sur l’Adversaire, il faut de l’avantage; & pour avoir de l’avantage il faut de la desgalité; estant impossible qu’entre choses egales, entant qu’egales, il y ait aucune prerogative. Si tost qu’il viendra à mesure, il s’asseurera de l’espee contraire, en l’attaquant pour l’assujettir, ou obliger, ou en la couvrant, ou en tirant au long d’icelle des estocades de premiere intention, s’il en a la commodité; continuant tousiours sa demarche sans nulle interruption: vray est qu’il se comportera diversement selon la diversité des occasions; mais jamais ne plantera les deux pieds ensemble en terre en forme de posture, si ce n’est quand il se mettra dedans la ligne de l’espee contraire en lieu seur & libre, en executant au mesme temps le coup qui sera donné selon l’exigence. Là luy est permis de rompre aucunement la course de ses aćtions, mais point devant; à raison que le corps qui est en aćte de se mouvoir, est aussi plus prompt à changer & accommoder ses mouvements à toutes occasions, que non pas quand il se tient arresté en posture. Car aussi bien pour l’avoir à commandement, on est contraint de le met~re premierement en bransle, qui luy sert d’une preparation pour se disposer à se tourner, retourner, virer, & en somme à faire toutes ses affaires avec vistesse, promptitude, & facilité requise. |
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|Enough concerning postures in general. Let us return now to the subject of the Direct Line. As I have said, it is the best posture of all, and I shall now prove how True this statement is. All the postures that try to avoid contact with the blade before striking (these are the ones which get away from presenting the sword in a straight line) can be made useless, by taking aim at them when you make the first strike. Thus the enemy is hit, or he is forced to parry, and in parrying, he uncovers some new part of himself. This way, if one threatens with the tip it will force him out of his posture, and enter into a labyrinth of strikes and counters. This is also the reason why those who use these postures, recognizing through experience their defects, only half-trust them, relying on the dagger in their left hand to fight. Which shows how little confidence they have, and how little knowledge, of the power of the sword. They do not know it is sufficient by itself, it is all that is needed to attack and defend. But what am I saying? One should not be surprised, if those who have no interest in the science of fighting with weapons try to become very fast only through long and continual practice, and so they may succeed by overcoming and beating their opponents, rather than constraining them, not understanding the secrets of such an impressive shield. Nothing they do is founded on true reason and solid theory, but in simple and badly-founded practice, so that comparing their Fencing to the True Art of Wielding Arms, is like elevating a manual of mechanics to be equal to mathematical ingeniousness. The first are content merely to produce an effect, even if it is by chance, and the others champion nothing that is not built upon infallable rules. | |Enough concerning postures in general. Let us return now to the subject of the Direct Line. As I have said, it is the best posture of all, and I shall now prove how True this statement is. All the postures that try to avoid contact with the blade before striking (these are the ones which get away from presenting the sword in a straight line) can be made useless, by taking aim at them when you make the first strike. Thus the enemy is hit, or he is forced to parry, and in parrying, he uncovers some new part of himself. This way, if one threatens with the tip it will force him out of his posture, and enter into a labyrinth of strikes and counters. This is also the reason why those who use these postures, recognizing through experience their defects, only half-trust them, relying on the dagger in their left hand to fight. Which shows how little confidence they have, and how little knowledge, of the power of the sword. They do not know it is sufficient by itself, it is all that is needed to attack and defend. But what am I saying? One should not be surprised, if those who have no interest in the science of fighting with weapons try to become very fast only through long and continual practice, and so they may succeed by overcoming and beating their opponents, rather than constraining them, not understanding the secrets of such an impressive shield. Nothing they do is founded on true reason and solid theory, but in simple and badly-founded practice, so that comparing their Fencing to the True Art of Wielding Arms, is like elevating a manual of mechanics to be equal to mathematical ingeniousness. The first are content merely to produce an effect, even if it is by chance, and the others champion nothing that is not built upon infallable rules. | ||
− | |Voilà touchant les | + | |Voilà touchant les postures en general; retournons à la Droite ligne; & puis que nous venons de dire, que c’est la plus parfaite de toutes, faisons paroistre ceste verité par bonnes preuves. Toutes les postures qui ne contraignent pas de toucher la lame, avant que de tirer, (ce sont celles qui s’esloignent de presenter l’espee en ligne droite) on les peut rendre inutiles, en tirant dessus pour fraper tout du premier abord; dont l’Ennemi en demeure atteint, ou il est contraint de parer, & en parant il se descouvre tousiours en quelque nouvel endroit du corps; de façon que si on dresse là sa pointe, on le fera sortir de sa posture, & entrer en un labirinthe de parades. C’est aussi la cause, pourquoy ceux qui usent de ces postures, en recognoissants par experience l’imperfećtion, ne s’y fient qu’à demi prennants recours à l’assistance de la main gauche. En quoy ils demonstrent bien le peu d’estime, & le peu de cognoissance, qu’ils ont, du grand pouvoir de l’espee; ne sachants pas qu’elle est suffisament qualifiée d’elle mesme, de tout ce qui est requis & à donner l’assaut, & à faire la defence. Mais que di-je? Il ne se faut pas estonner, si ceux qui n’aspirent à aucune science des armes, ains seulement taschent de parvenir par longs & continuels exercices à une vistesse du corps, & du bras, dont ils se puissent prevaloir, en prevenant & abusant leurs Contraires, plus tost que de les contraintre, ne comprennent pas les secrets d’une Armure si noble; & que tout ce qu’ils font n’est fondé en aucune raison de vraye & solide Theorie, mais en simple & mal asseurée Pratique, de façon que de vouloir comparer leur Escrime au vray Art de manier les armes, c’est tout autant que de mettre en parangon le manuel des œuvres Mechaniques avec les inventions des Mathematiques; dont les unes se contentent d’obtenir seulement l’effećt, encor que ce fust par hazard; & les autres n’advouent rien pour bon qui ne soit fondé sur des regles infallibles. |
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|Thus, to understand the superiority of the Direct Line, the foremost of all the postures, let us consider that the body is in an entirely natural position, convenient and ready to work, to move in all directions equally: forward, backwards, left, and right, extending, or shortening the paces as needed, with no other preparation, having the arm and sword out in front in a straight line, and ready to parry all sorts of thrusts, cuts, and back-cuts, without using any excessive motions against them. Observe how the head, shoulders, and trunk down to the pectorals are covered by the guard. So well, that the enemy cannot attack them, not without passing his tip, which is the weak part of the sword, over your guard, which is the strongest part of the sword. It can be compared to a town’s boulevard, or a fortress, built to withstand a large army with a small garrison. Because if your enemy should chance to take aim at these above-listed body parts, as soon as your eye catches the beginning of his movement, you prepare to defend against him, to receive the weak part of his blade with the crosspiece of your guard, at about the 3rd or 4th Span, before the point can pass or reach your elbow. As you continue to slide the point of contact along the blade, you move forward and flank him from a little bit beside the Diameter. In this way he will be forced to withdraw from the direct line which you will now control, and all you will need to do is put the point between his eyes, stopping exactly in front or driving forcefully in, as you desire. | |Thus, to understand the superiority of the Direct Line, the foremost of all the postures, let us consider that the body is in an entirely natural position, convenient and ready to work, to move in all directions equally: forward, backwards, left, and right, extending, or shortening the paces as needed, with no other preparation, having the arm and sword out in front in a straight line, and ready to parry all sorts of thrusts, cuts, and back-cuts, without using any excessive motions against them. Observe how the head, shoulders, and trunk down to the pectorals are covered by the guard. So well, that the enemy cannot attack them, not without passing his tip, which is the weak part of the sword, over your guard, which is the strongest part of the sword. It can be compared to a town’s boulevard, or a fortress, built to withstand a large army with a small garrison. Because if your enemy should chance to take aim at these above-listed body parts, as soon as your eye catches the beginning of his movement, you prepare to defend against him, to receive the weak part of his blade with the crosspiece of your guard, at about the 3rd or 4th Span, before the point can pass or reach your elbow. As you continue to slide the point of contact along the blade, you move forward and flank him from a little bit beside the Diameter. In this way he will be forced to withdraw from the direct line which you will now control, and all you will need to do is put the point between his eyes, stopping exactly in front or driving forcefully in, as you desire. | ||
− | |Pour donc comprendre l’excellence de | + | |Pour donc comprendre l’excellence de ceste Droite ligne, la premiere de toutes les postures; considerons qu’elle retient le corps en une situation du tout naturelle, & commode, & disposée à travailler, & à se transporter de toutes parts egalement; en avant, en arriere, à droite, & à gauche, en allongeant, ou en raccoucissant la demarche, ainsi que bon luy semble, sans nulle autre preparation: ayant le bras & l’espee avancez en ligne droite, & apprestez à parer toute sorte d’estocades, estramaçons, & revers, sans user alencontre d’aucuns mouvements extremes. Voire que la teste, & les espaules, & la poitrine jusqu’à l’endroit des tetins, y sont couverts de la garde; si bien que l’Ennemi ne les peut offenser, si non en passant de sa pointe, qui est le foible de l’espee, du long de la garde, qui en est le fort: & à bon droit se compare à un boulevart de ville, ou à une forteresse, bastante à soustenir l’effort d’une grande armee avec bien peu de gens. Que s’il advient donc, que l’Ennemi se hazarde de tirer vers les parties susdites, tout à l’instant que vous appercevrez à veue d’œil le commencement de son mouvement, vous ferez vostre preparation alencontre, pour accueillir de la branche vostre garde le foible sa lame à Nombre 3. ou 4. avant que sa pointe puisse arriver, ou passer l’endroit de vostre coude; en continuant à la graduer, & vous avancer & flancquer sur luy un peu à costé le Diametre; en sorte qu’il sera contraint de vous quitter la droite ligne, laquelle vous demeurera franche, & ne tiendra qu’à vous, de luy mettre la pointe devant les yeux, en l’arrestant par courtoisie, ou de l’executer par rigueur, selon vostre appetit. |
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|For one who percieves the lack of advantage he would have by coming so close to your guard, either to the inside or the outside of the arm, he might try to hit you in the stomach, by dropping the point. He would not be considering the fact that the more he moves off the straight line and the closest place he could reach, which is your shoulder, the more he loses from the length of his sword, which is why by doing this, he is giving you more time to see, observe, and judge all his moves. You will have little other to do than fold the stomach while leaning the torso forward, and placing the tip of your sword on his shoulder. Because by doing this, if you are equals, if you have likewise equal swords, your Direct line will be able to hit him, while his tip will still be at least a foot away from you. Thus all these actions along with several others, which demonstrate so clearly the advantages of this posture, are shown in Plate V, which shall serve in this regard as proof of the Direct Line, as it shall be, in the majority of the Plates that follow, the principal subject of the exercises. | |For one who percieves the lack of advantage he would have by coming so close to your guard, either to the inside or the outside of the arm, he might try to hit you in the stomach, by dropping the point. He would not be considering the fact that the more he moves off the straight line and the closest place he could reach, which is your shoulder, the more he loses from the length of his sword, which is why by doing this, he is giving you more time to see, observe, and judge all his moves. You will have little other to do than fold the stomach while leaning the torso forward, and placing the tip of your sword on his shoulder. Because by doing this, if you are equals, if you have likewise equal swords, your Direct line will be able to hit him, while his tip will still be at least a foot away from you. Thus all these actions along with several others, which demonstrate so clearly the advantages of this posture, are shown in Plate V, which shall serve in this regard as proof of the Direct Line, as it shall be, in the majority of the Plates that follow, the principal subject of the exercises. | ||
− | |Que | + | |Que si en recognoissant le peu d’avantage, qu’il auroit à venir si pres de vostre garde, tant en dehors, comme en dedans du bras, il tasche à vous fraper au ventre, en abaissant la pointe; sans considerer qu’autant qu’il s’esloigne de la droite ligne, & du plus prochain endroit de l’attouchement, qui est vostre espaule droite, autant il perd sur la longueur de son espee, à raison dequoy il vous donne aussi plus de loisir de voir, discerner, & juger touts ses mouvements: vous n’aurez autre chose à faire, sinon de creuser au mesme temps un peu le ventre, en panchant de la poitrine sur le devant, & assituant la pointe de vostre espee à son espaule. Car en ce faisant, si vous estes egauz, & que vous ayez pareillement les espees egales, vostre droite ligne le pourra toucher, lors que sa pointe sera encor esloignée de vous de plus d’un pied de distance. Or toutes ces operations avec quelques autres, qui demonstrent si clairement les avantages de ceste posture, seront representées au Tabl.V. qui nous servira pour cest esgard d’une preuve de la droite ligne, comme de celle qui sera en la pluspart des Tables suivantes le principal sujet de l’exercice. |
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|Some wish to approach this posture with feints from a distance and out of range, following the ordinary practice of the old mode, and trying, by these means, to confuse the Adversary, to be able to hit him while he is uncovered. All of this is for nothing, as the Direct line is sufficient to defend oneself, inasmuch as one does not need to move oneself against these feints, any more than a horse stops at the yapping of a small beast. But if he dares come into range with his feints, and his blade passes your guard as far as Span 2, 3, or 4, either inside or outside, thinking to make you parry and move your sword to the side, he, himself, runs the risk of receiving rather than giving, if you, yourself, approach him in a Direct Line, at the same instant that he approaches, keeping your sword moving forward in a straight line. He can hardly keep from being wounded himself. | |Some wish to approach this posture with feints from a distance and out of range, following the ordinary practice of the old mode, and trying, by these means, to confuse the Adversary, to be able to hit him while he is uncovered. All of this is for nothing, as the Direct line is sufficient to defend oneself, inasmuch as one does not need to move oneself against these feints, any more than a horse stops at the yapping of a small beast. But if he dares come into range with his feints, and his blade passes your guard as far as Span 2, 3, or 4, either inside or outside, thinking to make you parry and move your sword to the side, he, himself, runs the risk of receiving rather than giving, if you, yourself, approach him in a Direct Line, at the same instant that he approaches, keeping your sword moving forward in a straight line. He can hardly keep from being wounded himself. | ||
− | |De voulouir aborder | + | |De voulouir aborder ceste posture avec des feintes tirées de loing & hors de mesure, suivant l’ordinaire de la vieille mode, en taschant par icelles de mettre l’Aversaire en confusion, pour le fraper au descouvert de ses arme: tout cela n’en est rien, d’autant que la droite ligne est suffisante à s’en defendre d’elle mesme, de sorte qu’elle ne se doit mouvoir à l’occasion de telles feintes, non plus qu’un cheval ne s’arreste à l’abbayement temeraire de quelque petite bestiole. Mais s’il ose entrer avec ses feintes en mesure, & passer de sa lame vostre garde jusqu’aux Nombres 2. 3. ou 4. soit en dehors, soit en dedans, pensant de vous faire parer & escarter vostre espee; il courra luy mesme grand fortune de recevoir au lieu de donner, si vous vous approchez devers luy à mesme grand instant qu’il s’approche, en continuant à advancer seulement vostre espee en droite ligne: car à peine se pourra il garder de ne se blesser luy mesme. |
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|Say he intends to clear your sword from the line, he attacks in the ancient style, either to the inside or outside to engage your sword, while at the same time he advances one foot or the other along the Diameter, so as to come within range to hit you. It will be necessary, for him to achieve this effect, to create a large opening by moving his tip so far away from you, that he will deprive himself of all defense, and will make himself a target for various thrusts and cuts, as shall be satisfactorily shown, below. | |Say he intends to clear your sword from the line, he attacks in the ancient style, either to the inside or outside to engage your sword, while at the same time he advances one foot or the other along the Diameter, so as to come within range to hit you. It will be necessary, for him to achieve this effect, to create a large opening by moving his tip so far away from you, that he will deprive himself of all defense, and will make himself a target for various thrusts and cuts, as shall be satisfactorily shown, below. | ||
− | |Si pour faire | + | |Si pour faire sortir vostre espee de la situation, il la vient attaquer à la mode ancienne, en dehors ou en dedans, pour l’engager, en avançant quand & quand l’un ou l’autre des pieds sur le Diametre, afin de gagner la mesure de vous pouvoir toucher; il luy sera besoing pour trouver cest effećt de faire avec son espee une grande ouverture, en escartant la pointe si loing de vous, qu’il se prive luy mesme de toute defense, & se mette en bute à plusieurs coups de pointe & de taille, comme il sera monstré en la dedućtion de ces escrits, à vostre entier contentement. |
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|He might use another means, to attack you. He will try to bring his blade under yours, by bending his body and moving the right arm forward, together with the left hand, hoping to get close enough to your tip to beat it, and then hit you with a thrust in second time. If he makes his approach in this manner, here is the solution. At the same instant that he moves into place, where he hopes to beat aside your tip, you must likewise close on him, stepping a bit outside on the right hand side, turning your right side towards him, raising your sword-tip up and the guard down, to protect your lower areas. When this preparation is skillfully done, whether he follows up with an attack or whether he stays on guard, you will have the means to hit your target. These and other such proofs will be explored in Plate XXVII, where you will likewise find the reasons, drawn from fine, clear, beautiful, and self-evident demonstrations. | |He might use another means, to attack you. He will try to bring his blade under yours, by bending his body and moving the right arm forward, together with the left hand, hoping to get close enough to your tip to beat it, and then hit you with a thrust in second time. If he makes his approach in this manner, here is the solution. At the same instant that he moves into place, where he hopes to beat aside your tip, you must likewise close on him, stepping a bit outside on the right hand side, turning your right side towards him, raising your sword-tip up and the guard down, to protect your lower areas. When this preparation is skillfully done, whether he follows up with an attack or whether he stays on guard, you will have the means to hit your target. These and other such proofs will be explored in Plate XXVII, where you will likewise find the reasons, drawn from fine, clear, beautiful, and self-evident demonstrations. | ||
− | |Il pourra | + | |Il pourra user d’encor une autre pratique, pour vous assaillir. c’est qu’il viendra porter sa lame dessous la vostre, en courbant le corps, & avançant le bras droit, ensemble avec la main gauche, en espoir de l’approcher assez pres de vostre pointe, pour le battre, & puis vous tirer une estocade au second temps. S’il fait son approche en ceste maniere, en voycy le remede. Au mesme instant qu’il entre sur le lieu, où il s’attend de vous battre la pointe, il faut que vous entriez pareillement dessus luy, en marchant un peu en dehors à main droite, vous mettant sur le costé droit, la pointe montante, & la garde basse, pour vous en couvrir les parties inferieures. ceste preparation estant dextrement faite, soit qu’il poursuive à travailler sur vous, soit qu’il demeure sur la parade, vous aurez moyen de le toucher à vostre poste. Telles & semblables preuves seront proposées au Tabl. XXVII. où vous en trouverez pareillement les raisons, tirées de demonstrations autant evidentes, & certaines, que belles, & admirables. |
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|One could suggest even more tests of the Direct Line if these here were not sufficient to carry the knowledge that this is the finest, and most secure of all the positions with regard to defense. It is true that those who are not adept at this Exercise, may not be able to use this to defend themselves against the aforesaid tests, but the imperfection of their ignorance should not become a prejudice against the perfection of this posture. The fault is in those who do not know how to apply this at the proper timing and distance, which is easy for others. However much we praise and applaud this, that is not to say that there aren’t a number of ways to work against it, even gaining some advantage. But I conclude it would be very difficult, even impossible, for all those who have not seriously trained in the practical application of our principles. The principal reason comes from the fact that when the tip of the sword is in the Direct line, is such a threat to the adversary, that he does not know how to work against it, except by moving it away. For this reason he is constrained to cross swords, and thereby give you the means to know his intent by the feel of the weight and force he uses. This is an warning of his plans, and a guide for counter actions. By this way, this posture is like a closed room, where one cannot enter without the goodwill of the master of the house. So one is constrainted to strike against him, to come in. All the other positions, as many as they are, even that of the obtuse angle, are like open rooms, where one can rummage around however one likes. For one can hit their body, without running into their sword. It follows then, that the difficulty of working against the Direct line is entirely evident. Thus one must also conclude that one’s adversaries will need to be very talented and able, which is why, as much because one is able to use it in a wide variety of occasions, we chose it to train our scholar. So that, having first learned to overcome this difficult point, he will be even easily able to work through the rest, which will be for him but the least amount of effort. | |One could suggest even more tests of the Direct Line if these here were not sufficient to carry the knowledge that this is the finest, and most secure of all the positions with regard to defense. It is true that those who are not adept at this Exercise, may not be able to use this to defend themselves against the aforesaid tests, but the imperfection of their ignorance should not become a prejudice against the perfection of this posture. The fault is in those who do not know how to apply this at the proper timing and distance, which is easy for others. However much we praise and applaud this, that is not to say that there aren’t a number of ways to work against it, even gaining some advantage. But I conclude it would be very difficult, even impossible, for all those who have not seriously trained in the practical application of our principles. The principal reason comes from the fact that when the tip of the sword is in the Direct line, is such a threat to the adversary, that he does not know how to work against it, except by moving it away. For this reason he is constrained to cross swords, and thereby give you the means to know his intent by the feel of the weight and force he uses. This is an warning of his plans, and a guide for counter actions. By this way, this posture is like a closed room, where one cannot enter without the goodwill of the master of the house. So one is constrainted to strike against him, to come in. All the other positions, as many as they are, even that of the obtuse angle, are like open rooms, where one can rummage around however one likes. For one can hit their body, without running into their sword. It follows then, that the difficulty of working against the Direct line is entirely evident. Thus one must also conclude that one’s adversaries will need to be very talented and able, which is why, as much because one is able to use it in a wide variety of occasions, we chose it to train our scholar. So that, having first learned to overcome this difficult point, he will be even easily able to work through the rest, which will be for him but the least amount of effort. | ||
− | |L’on pourroit | + | |L’on pourroit proposer encore d’autres preuves de la Droite ligne, si celles cy ne fussent bastantes pour donner à cognoistre, qu’elle est la premiere, & la plus seure de toutes au regard de la defense. Il est vray que ceux qui ne sont pas adroits en l’Exercice, ne se pourront pas defendre avec icelle contre les susdites preuves; mais l’imperfećtion de leur ignorance ne doit tourner en prejudice à la perfećtion de la posture. la faute en sera en ce qu’ils ne la sçauront appliquer aux temps & aux distances, qu’elle demande; ce qui sera facile aux autres. Or quoy que nous la prisons & exaltions tant, ce n’est pas pourtant à dire, qu’il ne se trouve assez de moyens de travailler alencontre, mesmes avec avantage: mais nous jugeons que cela sera tres difficile, voire impossible à touts ceux qui ne se seront exercez serieusement en la mesme pratique de nos preceptes. Dont la cause principale gist en ce, que la pointe de l’espee située en ligne droite, est si fort en presence à l’Adversaire, qu’il ne sçauroit travailler, sinon en la divertissant de sa situation. à raison dequoy il est contraint de venir à l’attouchement, & de vous presenter le moyen de cognoistre par le sentiment le poids & la force, dequoy il use. qui est un advertissement de touts les desseins, & une reigle de toutes les aćtions contraires. De maniere que ceste posture ressemble à une chambre fermée, où lon ne peut entrer sans congé du maistre de la maison; ains est on contraint de fraper à l’huis, pour entrer avec permission. Toutes les autres, tant qu’il y en a, mesmes celle de l’angle obtus, resemblent à une chambre ouverte, où on se peut fourrer dedans maugré qu’ils en ayent: car on leur peut toucher le corps, sans venir à l’espee. S’ensuit donc que la difficulté de travailler sur la droite ligne est toute evidente. dont il faut aussi conclure, que ses contraires ont besoing de plus grand artifice: pour laquelle cause, comme aussi pour ce qu’elle est capable d’une grande varieté de diversifier ses occasions, nous l’avons choisie, pour y exercer nostre Escholier; afin que ayant premierement rompu ceste pointe de difficultez, il se rende en apres tant plus aisement capable de foncer tout le surplus, qui ne sera que la moindre partie de la besogne. |
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|All that we have discussed up until this point has been concerned with the superiority of the Direct line with respect to the sword. We now shall speak more particularly with regard to the feet. Because the feet govern all movement, extending or shortening steps, speeding them up or slowing them down, they support, raise, lower, and straighten the body, there is nothing more necessary than to understand how to use them in the most convenient and natural way, so as to always be at the closest possible distance at all times. This is the situation: Zachary is standing firm, right foot on the outside edge of the Quadrangle that runs X-Y with his toes on the circumference of the Circle at X and the left foot along the Pedal Line. Alexander is also standing with his feet at the opposite end of the diagram, his right foot on the side of the Quadrangle that runs C-B, likewise with his toes at C and his left foot on the Pedal Line at A. All this is clearly is clearly shown in the diagram of Circle No 1 in Plate I where we have shown through the footprints how the two adversaries should stand in the First Instance. This is what we call the true foundation of all the ranges, and the single beginning of all attacks and defenses. This arrangement of the feet is not only correct as a way to present your sword in the Direct Line posture, but also to hold it together, so the body is naturally ready for any changes, and to move easily (which is the function of the feet) from one place to another. | |All that we have discussed up until this point has been concerned with the superiority of the Direct line with respect to the sword. We now shall speak more particularly with regard to the feet. Because the feet govern all movement, extending or shortening steps, speeding them up or slowing them down, they support, raise, lower, and straighten the body, there is nothing more necessary than to understand how to use them in the most convenient and natural way, so as to always be at the closest possible distance at all times. This is the situation: Zachary is standing firm, right foot on the outside edge of the Quadrangle that runs X-Y with his toes on the circumference of the Circle at X and the left foot along the Pedal Line. Alexander is also standing with his feet at the opposite end of the diagram, his right foot on the side of the Quadrangle that runs C-B, likewise with his toes at C and his left foot on the Pedal Line at A. All this is clearly is clearly shown in the diagram of Circle No 1 in Plate I where we have shown through the footprints how the two adversaries should stand in the First Instance. This is what we call the true foundation of all the ranges, and the single beginning of all attacks and defenses. This arrangement of the feet is not only correct as a way to present your sword in the Direct Line posture, but also to hold it together, so the body is naturally ready for any changes, and to move easily (which is the function of the feet) from one place to another. | ||
− | |Par ce qui a | + | |Par ce qui a esté discouru jusqu’à present, a esté demonstrée l’excellence de la Droite ligne au regard de la tenue de l’espee: maintenant nous en parlerons aussi plus particulierement au regard de la situation des pieds. Car puis que les pieds moderent touts les mouvements, allongent les pas, les raccourcissent, les hastent, ou les retardent, ils souslevent, haussent, baissent, redressent le corps, il n’est rien plus necessaire, que de bien entendre, quelle en est la situation la plus commode & naturelle, afin de s’en esloigner le moins, qu’il est possible, en toutes ses aćtions. Or voicy la situation dont nous parlons: Zacharie se tient planté, le pied droit sur le costé exterieure du Quadrangle XY. en touchant de ses orteils la Circonference du Cercle à la lettre X. & le pied gauche sur la ligne Pedale. Alexandre tenant aussi les pieds de mesme à l’autre bout du plan: le pied droit sur le costé du Quadrangle CB. en touchant pareillement la lettre C. & le pied gauche sur la Pedale A. le tout se voit plus clairement tracé en figure plane au premier Cercle du Tabl. I. où nous avons exprimé par la representation des pieds, comment parties se doivent mettre sur la Premiere Instance: laquelle nous tenons pour le vray fondement de toutes les mesures, & pour l’unique entree de touts assauts & defenses. Ceste situation de pieds n’est pas seulement propre pour l’effećt de presenter l’espee en ligne droite, mais aussi pour tenir les forces tousiours unies & le corps naturellement prest à touts changemens, & à se transporter aisement (qui est le propre office des pieds) de l’une place en l’autre. |
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|If you wish to see the proof, leave the left foot where it is, on the Pedal Line, and turn the heel of your right foot inside, along the extended Diameter, leaving your toes at C without changing anything, the sword and arm extended in a straight line above the Diameter. I assure you that you will find the limbs of the upper body straining against the limbs of the lower body. You will find it very difficult to keep the sword in the same line. Furthermore, when trying to move the right foot to the Second Instance, either to the left or to the right, it cannot be done without being forced to turn the foot in mid-step, into its true aspect, as it was at first. Otherwise the pace would be cramped and slow. It is true that if you change the foot as just described you will increase the force of the sword to the outside. If the enemy tries to cross your sword from that side, either to move it away or subjugate it, you can resist him with less force, if you are holding your sword as we described. But as much as it is useful against the outside line, it is that much less useful to the inside, because as much as the force is increased to one side, it is weakened on the other. | |If you wish to see the proof, leave the left foot where it is, on the Pedal Line, and turn the heel of your right foot inside, along the extended Diameter, leaving your toes at C without changing anything, the sword and arm extended in a straight line above the Diameter. I assure you that you will find the limbs of the upper body straining against the limbs of the lower body. You will find it very difficult to keep the sword in the same line. Furthermore, when trying to move the right foot to the Second Instance, either to the left or to the right, it cannot be done without being forced to turn the foot in mid-step, into its true aspect, as it was at first. Otherwise the pace would be cramped and slow. It is true that if you change the foot as just described you will increase the force of the sword to the outside. If the enemy tries to cross your sword from that side, either to move it away or subjugate it, you can resist him with less force, if you are holding your sword as we described. But as much as it is useful against the outside line, it is that much less useful to the inside, because as much as the force is increased to one side, it is weakened on the other. | ||
− | |Si vous en demandez la preuve. | + | |Si vous en demandez la preuve. Laissez le pied gauche, ainsi qu’il est, sur la ligne ordinaire; & tournez seulement le talon du pied droit en dedans sur le Diametre prolongé, laissant les orteils à la lettre C. sans varier, le bras estendu avec l’espee en ligne droite au dessus du Diametre. je di qu’en ce faisant vous sentirez que les membres de la partie superieure du corps contesteront contre les membres de la partie inferieure; & qu’à grand peine pourrez vous continuer à tenir l’espee en la mesme ligne. D’avantage en cheminant avec le pied droit vers la Deuxieme Instance, soit à main droite, soit à gauche, il ne se pourra faire, que vous ne soyez contraint de tourner le pied environ la mi voye en sa vraye situation, où il avoit premierement esté. autrement la demarche en sera plus moleste, & plus tardive. Il est vray que le changement du pied, estant fait en la forme dernierement dite, vous augmentera la force de l’espee par dehors; & que si l’Ennemi la vient toucher de ce costé là, pour l’emmener, ou pour l’assujetir, vous luy pourrez faire resistence avec moins de force, qu’en le tenant selon la forme de nostre description: mais autant que cela vous sera profitable en dehors, autant il sera nuisible en dedans: car à mesure que la vigueur se reforce de l’un des costez, autant elles s’affoiblit de l’autre. |
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|For the second proof, do like this. Leave the left foot where itis, turning the heel of the right foot outwards, until it is on the Circumference of the Circle. By doing this, I assure you, that if the Enemy tries to contact your sword to the inside to subjugate it, or move it aside, it will be very easy for you to resist, because of the increased force to the inside. But in exchange, you will be equally weakened to the outside. In summary, the situation is exactly the opposite of the previous one, and the effects are exactly opposite. | |For the second proof, do like this. Leave the left foot where itis, turning the heel of the right foot outwards, until it is on the Circumference of the Circle. By doing this, I assure you, that if the Enemy tries to contact your sword to the inside to subjugate it, or move it aside, it will be very easy for you to resist, because of the increased force to the inside. But in exchange, you will be equally weakened to the outside. In summary, the situation is exactly the opposite of the previous one, and the effects are exactly opposite. | ||
− | |Pour la | + | |Pour la seconde preuve, faites ainsi. Laissez le pied gauche, & tournez seulement le talon du pied droit en dehors jusqu’à la Circonference du Cercle. En ce faisant, je di, que si l’Ennemi vient toucher vostre espee en dedans pour l’assujetir, ou pour la transporter, il vous sera tres-facile de luy resister, à cause de l’accroissement de la force en dedans: mais en eschange vous serez d’autant plus affoibli en dehors. Somme ceste situation du pied estant direćtement contraire à la precedente, aussi les effećts en sont du tout contraires. |
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|Another proof. Leave the right foot where it is, and turn the toes of the left foot inwards onto the Extended Diameter, without moving the sword off the Direct Line. I tell you now that, by doing this, apart from the discomfort to the body that comes from the twisting of the limbs, if the Enemy tries to attack you from inside, he will have the advantage. For, just as the position of the feet weakens the sword, it also turns the whole body rightwards, to the outside. | |Another proof. Leave the right foot where it is, and turn the toes of the left foot inwards onto the Extended Diameter, without moving the sword off the Direct Line. I tell you now that, by doing this, apart from the discomfort to the body that comes from the twisting of the limbs, if the Enemy tries to attack you from inside, he will have the advantage. For, just as the position of the feet weakens the sword, it also turns the whole body rightwards, to the outside. | ||
− | |Autre preuve. | + | |Autre preuve. Laissez le pied droit immobile, & tournez seulement les orteils du pied gauche en dedans sur le Diametre prolongé, sans sortir l’espee de la droite ligne; je di qu’en ce faisant, outre le mal-aise du corps, procedant du retorsement des membres; si l’Ennemi vous vient attaquer par dedans, il ye trouvera de l’avantage: d’autant que le dedans de l’espee est affoibli par la situation des pieds, estant le corps incliné de luy mesme à se tourner en dehors à la main droite. |
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|The contrary will happen if you turn the left foot outwards, with the toes back along the Extended Diameter, while leaving the sword in the direct line, as before. For apart from the discomfort of the posture, the sword will be weakened to the outside, which means you cannot resist on that side, except with difficulty. Because the arm of the sword will be forced by the location of the foot and the tension on the muscles of the left leg, to turn to the left. | |The contrary will happen if you turn the left foot outwards, with the toes back along the Extended Diameter, while leaving the sword in the direct line, as before. For apart from the discomfort of the posture, the sword will be weakened to the outside, which means you cannot resist on that side, except with difficulty. Because the arm of the sword will be forced by the location of the foot and the tension on the muscles of the left leg, to turn to the left. | ||
− | |Le contraire en aviendra, | + | |Le contraire en aviendra, si vous tournez le pied gauche en dehors, avec les orteils en arriere sur le Diametre prolongé, lassant l’espee en ligne droite, comme au paravant. Car outre le malaise de la posture, l’espee sera tellement affoiblie par dehors, que vous n’en pourrez faire aucune resistence de ce costé là si ce n’est avec grand travail: à cause que le bras de l’espee sera comme forcé, par la collocation du pied & des muscles de la jambe gauche, à se tourner devers le costé gauche. |
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|We have described situations that are, admittedly, extreme. It would be unusual if someone placed their feet down in such a disorderly way that we have described. But that is not really the problem. Anyone who fully understands the greater possible faults will be able to understand as well the subtler ones, providing they can be shown through the same means. What we have done is to make obvious the difference in strengthening and weakening according to the position of the feet. As to the use of these proofs and even the precepts, it is completely obvious: the knowledge of how to attack the adversary’s sword on the side which will be weakest. As much as the weak part of the blade can not resist, and will be overcome by its opponent, so the strong part can govern all its actions with a little work. The weak part of the blade is restricted, in sum, to exploiting opportunities to wound in various ways, by those with sufficient sensitivity. This shall be explained further in our Plates. | |We have described situations that are, admittedly, extreme. It would be unusual if someone placed their feet down in such a disorderly way that we have described. But that is not really the problem. Anyone who fully understands the greater possible faults will be able to understand as well the subtler ones, providing they can be shown through the same means. What we have done is to make obvious the difference in strengthening and weakening according to the position of the feet. As to the use of these proofs and even the precepts, it is completely obvious: the knowledge of how to attack the adversary’s sword on the side which will be weakest. As much as the weak part of the blade can not resist, and will be overcome by its opponent, so the strong part can govern all its actions with a little work. The weak part of the blade is restricted, in sum, to exploiting opportunities to wound in various ways, by those with sufficient sensitivity. This shall be explained further in our Plates. | ||
− | |Nous avons | + | |Nous avons descrit ces examples assez extremes. car de vray il aviendra peu souvent, que quelquun plante ses pieds si desordonnement, comme nous venons de prepresenter. mais il n’y a point de difficulté en cela; car qui entendra bien les fautes plus lourdes, il comprendra aussi bien tost les plus subtiles, moyennant qu’elles puissent estre descouvertes par les mesmes preuves: ce que nous en avons fait, c’à esté afin que la difference du renforcement & de l’affoiblissement en fust d’autant plus evidente. Quant à l’usage de ces preuves & des preceptes mesmes, il est tout manifeste: c’est assavoir, de monstrer la maniere d’attaquer l’espee contraire par le costé qui sera plus foible. d’autant que le foible est incapable de resister, & prest à estre surmonté de son contraire. le fort peut moderer toutes ses aćtions avec un peu de travail: le foible est contraint somme à donner occasions de blesser en plusieurs manieres, pour celuy qui cognoist la valeur du sentiment: comme il sera declaré en la suite de nos Tableaux. |
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|One must also observe the correct space between the two feet. This is shown clearly enough by the lines in the Quadrangle. If one stands otherwise, for example, with feet together and one tries to raise the right foot to take a step forward, the centre of mass must stay on the left foot, and will be forced to perform some other preparation (for example leaning the body forward) to give his pace impetus before he moves. Which is a superfluous move and noticeable warning to the enemy who can see what you are about to try. | |One must also observe the correct space between the two feet. This is shown clearly enough by the lines in the Quadrangle. If one stands otherwise, for example, with feet together and one tries to raise the right foot to take a step forward, the centre of mass must stay on the left foot, and will be forced to perform some other preparation (for example leaning the body forward) to give his pace impetus before he moves. Which is a superfluous move and noticeable warning to the enemy who can see what you are about to try. | ||
− | |Il faut | + | |Il faut aussi observer en ceste situation des pieds la juste espace qui est entre deux; qui est representée assez clairement par les lignes du Quadrangle. Car si on met autrement, par exemple à pieds joints, & qu’on commence à lever le pied droit pour marcher, le centre du corps demeurera sur le gauche, & sera on contraint d’y adjouster encor quelque autre preparation (comme depancher le corps un peu en avant) pour luy donner sa course, devant qu’il chemine. Qui est un mouvement superflu, & un remarquable advertissement à l’Ennemi pour descouvrir & prevenir toutes vos entreprises. |
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|All this is without considering how firmly the body stands when the feet are the proper distance apart. When they are, one need only lift the forward foot when one wishes to take a step forward. The body will move of its own accord, so that, rather than needing to be moved, it needs instead to be stopped from moving. | |All this is without considering how firmly the body stands when the feet are the proper distance apart. When they are, one need only lift the forward foot when one wishes to take a step forward. The body will move of its own accord, so that, rather than needing to be moved, it needs instead to be stopped from moving. | ||
− | |Sans compter que le corps | + | |Sans compter que le corps se tient encores beaucoup plus ferme, quand on a les pieds en juste distance; laquelle estant prinse, il ne faut que lever tant seulement le pied de devant, quand on veut marcher. car le corps se preparera de luy mesme à partir du lieu, de sorte qu’il sera plustost besoing de le retenir, que de l’inciter d’avantage. |
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|The basis of all this discussion consists of that the position of the feet is entirely natural. I admit that, one might, nonetheless, object that at the beginning of the exercise, one needs to carefully place the feet on their lines, in the required form. But this is at the beginning of the exercise, and for those who are not accustomed to it. The difficulty is not from the fact that this is not entirely in accordance with a natural posture, as much as the fact that these actions are not customarily practised in this way, and accompanied by such movements. Thus it is easy to prove, following the way I practised myself several times with those who steadfastly held to a contrary opinion. In the middle of the dispute, I stepped away, five or six paces. Then, I immediately called them over, as if I wanted to show them something new, then asked them to stop, suddenly, in place, without moving their feet. They always found that the majority of those who held their bodies erect and with knees straight, had their feet placed exactly as I have described. Often, this was enough to end our disputes. | |The basis of all this discussion consists of that the position of the feet is entirely natural. I admit that, one might, nonetheless, object that at the beginning of the exercise, one needs to carefully place the feet on their lines, in the required form. But this is at the beginning of the exercise, and for those who are not accustomed to it. The difficulty is not from the fact that this is not entirely in accordance with a natural posture, as much as the fact that these actions are not customarily practised in this way, and accompanied by such movements. Thus it is easy to prove, following the way I practised myself several times with those who steadfastly held to a contrary opinion. In the middle of the dispute, I stepped away, five or six paces. Then, I immediately called them over, as if I wanted to show them something new, then asked them to stop, suddenly, in place, without moving their feet. They always found that the majority of those who held their bodies erect and with knees straight, had their feet placed exactly as I have described. Often, this was enough to end our disputes. | ||
− | |Le fondement de tout ce | + | |Le fondement de tout ce discours consiste en ce, que ceste situation des pieds est toute naturelle. On me pourra cependant objećter, qu’au commencement de l’exercice, on y trouve bien de la besoigne, tant pour bien porter & tenir l’espee en ligne droite, comme aussi à planter chascun des pieds sur sa ligne, & en sa forme requise. Ie le confesse; mais c’est au commencement de l’exercice, & à ceux qui n’y sont pas accoustumez. La difficulté ne depend point de ce que la chose ne soit du tout accordante à la nature, ains de ce que ces aćtions ne sont point accoustumées d’estre pratiquées en telles occurrences, & accompagnées de tels mouvements. Dont il est aisé de faire la preuve, suivant ce que j’en ay pratiqué moy mesme à plusieurs fois entre ceux qui soustenoyent fort & ferme le contraire de ceste situation. Au milieu de la dispute je me retiray cinq ou six pas à l’escart; puis à l’improviste je les appellay à moy, en faisant sembland de vouloir dire ou monstrer quelque chose nouvelle, les priant de s’arrester tout court en leurs places, sans bouger des pieds. Fut tousiours touvé que la plus part de ceux qui tenoyent le corps perpendiculaire, & les genoux roides, avoyent les pieds situez selon la forme de nostre description: de sorte que ceste preuve a souvent terminé nos disputes. |
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|This, then, is how we intend to use Nature as our guide everywhere, rejecting all unnatural movements and all extreme postures, which have been used in the past among those who practised the profession of arms. All our precepts are drawn from observations of Nature herself, to benefit from the help she offers, and so follow the path to the highest degree of perfection. | |This, then, is how we intend to use Nature as our guide everywhere, rejecting all unnatural movements and all extreme postures, which have been used in the past among those who practised the profession of arms. All our precepts are drawn from observations of Nature herself, to benefit from the help she offers, and so follow the path to the highest degree of perfection. | ||
− | |Et voilà comment nous pretendons de | + | |Et voilà comment nous pretendons de suivre partout la Nature pour guide, rejettants touts movements violents, & toutes les postures extremes, qui ont esté pratiquées par le passé entre ceux qui faisoyent profession des armes. Touts nos preceptes seront tirez des observations de la Nature mesme, pour l’assister du secours qu’elle mesme nous offre, & l’acheminer au plus haut degré de sa perfećtion. |
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|This is enough about the posture. Now let us speak briefly of the range, at which the two parties stand on the four Circles of this Plate. The distance is such that when they each present their swords in the Direct Line, they are both the same distance. This is the First Instance, the true start of the play, at which the two parties are at a proper distance, and totally propotioned to their bodies and weapons. Not too far, because they can hit the enemy in slow time, not too close because they have enough time to defend against an attack from their adversary. Those who ignore this range, keep themselves further away than they should, where, if they wish to move in closer, inevitably put themselves into danger before they can reach their intended distance. This is why in all the discussion about this exercise, knowledge of this range will be our guide, to reach the distances proportional to our intended actions. As such it will be like a turret from which we may discover the intended actions of our adversary. Of course it is understood that any actions of the sword must pass through this First Instance before they can reach the body. All of the thousands of sequences of moves, the ways in which the play can go, start, properly speaking, from this position. In the end, this is the compass which shows us, amid the tempestuous waves of this sea, the course we must take, to arrive at the port of Victory. But that is enough for the present, without engaging in further discussion. The properties of the First Instance, just like the Second and Third, cannot be listed in a menu, without listing at the same time the situations that bring us there, which are so many. And yet they must be found in the Plates which follow. | |This is enough about the posture. Now let us speak briefly of the range, at which the two parties stand on the four Circles of this Plate. The distance is such that when they each present their swords in the Direct Line, they are both the same distance. This is the First Instance, the true start of the play, at which the two parties are at a proper distance, and totally propotioned to their bodies and weapons. Not too far, because they can hit the enemy in slow time, not too close because they have enough time to defend against an attack from their adversary. Those who ignore this range, keep themselves further away than they should, where, if they wish to move in closer, inevitably put themselves into danger before they can reach their intended distance. This is why in all the discussion about this exercise, knowledge of this range will be our guide, to reach the distances proportional to our intended actions. As such it will be like a turret from which we may discover the intended actions of our adversary. Of course it is understood that any actions of the sword must pass through this First Instance before they can reach the body. All of the thousands of sequences of moves, the ways in which the play can go, start, properly speaking, from this position. In the end, this is the compass which shows us, amid the tempestuous waves of this sea, the course we must take, to arrive at the port of Victory. But that is enough for the present, without engaging in further discussion. The properties of the First Instance, just like the Second and Third, cannot be listed in a menu, without listing at the same time the situations that bring us there, which are so many. And yet they must be found in the Plates which follow. | ||
− | |Or | + | |Or c’est assez dit de la posture: parlons à cette heure & briefvement de la mesure, en quoy les parties se tiennent sur les quatre Cercles de ce Tableau: qui est telle, que quand ils s’entrepresentent leurs espees en lignes droites, elles viennent à se mesurer les unes les autres. C’est la Premiere Instance, vray commencement du jeu, tenant les parties en une distance juste & totalement proportionnée aux corps & aux armes: non trop large; car on y peut toucher l’Ennemi en un temps mediocre; & not trop estroite; car en icelle on se peut assez defendre à temps de touts les assauts du Contraire. Ceux qui ignorent ceste mesure, se tiennent plus esloignez de ce qu’ils ne devroyent: ou, s’ils se veulent approcher d’avantage, ils se mettent en un danger inevitable, avant que d’arriver à la mesure pretendue. C’est pourquoy en tout le discours de cest exercice, la cognoissance de ceste mesure nous servira de guide, pour arriver aux distances proportionnées à nos desseins: en sorte qu’elle nous sera comme une eschaugette, de laquelle on descouvre toutes les entriprinses contraires; attendu que toutes les operations de l’espee sont contraintes de passer le passage de ceste Premiere Instance, avant qu’elles puissent attenter sur le corps. Toutes les aćtions, par lesquelles le jeu se peut diversifier en mille & mille manieres, prennent icy, à proprement parler, leur origine. En fin c’est le compas, qui nous monstre parmy les vagues impetueuses de ceste mer, la course, qu’on doit prendre, pour arriver au port de Vićtoire. Mais c’est assez pour le present, sans entrer en ce discours plus avant; car les proprietez de la Premiere Instance, comme aussi de la Seconde, & Troisieme, ne se peuvent declarer par le menu, sans declarer quand & quand les occasions, qui nous y ameinent, lesquelles sont en grand nombre: & partant les faudra chercher és Tables suivantes. |
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|Note that we are supposing that these two people are equal, and their weapons are likewise equal, and proportional to their bodies. In this way it is the bodies and swords which give the true distance of this First Instance. For if the weapons were unequal, it would change the Instance. If the Enemy has a longer sword than yours, watch out that the tip of his sword does not go past the crosspiece of your guard, so that there is always an arms-length between you and the tip, which is a reasonable distance, and large enough for you to defend yourself. If you were to move closer, to put your tip at his guard, he would have the advantage, because the length of the weapons favours him, such that at a wide distance he can hit, without risk of being hit back. This is why we must offset this advantage, as soon as he makes contact with his blade, to try to subjugate it, or to control him, to get inside angle of the blades or to move in to a distance so close that he cannot overcome you, or manipulate his weapons as he needs to. If his sword is shorter than yours, or is not proportional to his body, you adopt the First Instance a bit closer, so that your tip is past his guard, making sure his tip does not pass yours, the reasons for this are self-evident. In sum, there is nothing more sure than to have properly proportioned weapons, because the ones too long or too short, if they are of some advantage in certain situations, they are also disadvantageous in others. Proportional weapons are, by contrast, equally useful at large or close range. | |Note that we are supposing that these two people are equal, and their weapons are likewise equal, and proportional to their bodies. In this way it is the bodies and swords which give the true distance of this First Instance. For if the weapons were unequal, it would change the Instance. If the Enemy has a longer sword than yours, watch out that the tip of his sword does not go past the crosspiece of your guard, so that there is always an arms-length between you and the tip, which is a reasonable distance, and large enough for you to defend yourself. If you were to move closer, to put your tip at his guard, he would have the advantage, because the length of the weapons favours him, such that at a wide distance he can hit, without risk of being hit back. This is why we must offset this advantage, as soon as he makes contact with his blade, to try to subjugate it, or to control him, to get inside angle of the blades or to move in to a distance so close that he cannot overcome you, or manipulate his weapons as he needs to. If his sword is shorter than yours, or is not proportional to his body, you adopt the First Instance a bit closer, so that your tip is past his guard, making sure his tip does not pass yours, the reasons for this are self-evident. In sum, there is nothing more sure than to have properly proportioned weapons, because the ones too long or too short, if they are of some advantage in certain situations, they are also disadvantageous in others. Proportional weapons are, by contrast, equally useful at large or close range. | ||
− | |Notez, que nous | + | |Notez, que nous presupposons, que les personnages soyent egaux, & qu’ils ayent pareillement les armes egales, proportionnées à leurs corps; de maniere que ce sont les corps & les espees, qui donnent la vraye mesure de ceste Premiere Instance. Car les armes estants inegales, il faut changer l’Instance à l’advenant. Si l’Ennemi a l’espee plus longue, que la vostre, gardez vous bien, que sa poinćte ne passe outre les branches de vostre garde, afin qu’i y demeure tousiours entre deux la mesure du bras entier, qui est une raisonnable distance, & assez grande pour vous preparer à temps à la defense. Car si vous taschez de vous avancer plus pres, pour mettre la vostre tout joignant la sienne garde, il aura de l’avantage, à raison de la longueur de ses armes qui le favorise, tellement qu’en mesure large il peut donner des atteints, sans qu’il se mette en hazard d’en recevoir. C’est pourquoy on luy doit oster c’est avantage, dés aussi tost qu’il presente sa lame à toucher, en taschant de l’assujettir, ou de l’obliger, pour entrer dedans ses angles, ou pour venir en mesure estroite, en laquelle il ne s’en puisse prevaloir, ny manier si promtemēt ses armes, comme il seroit de besoin. Si son espee est plus courte, que la vostre, ou que la proportion de son corps ne requiert, la vostre ayant sa juste mesure, vous predrez la Premiere Instance un peu plus pres, en sorte que vostre poinćte pourra passer outre sa garde, moyennant que la sienne ne passe pas la vostre; dont les raisons sont toutes evidentes. En somme il n’est rien plus certain que d’avoir les armes proportionnées. car les trop longues, & les trop courtes, si elles portent quelque avantage en d’aucuns endroits, elles sont aussi accompagnées de pareilles imperfećtions en contreschange: les proportionnées sont au contraire egalement utiles en la mesure large & en l’estroite. |
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− | + | | In sum, this is the superiority of the Direct Line posture, presented at the distance of the First Instance. We could list even more reasons, if these were not self-evident enough, to persuade those who are open to the Truth. I truly believe that we have not unnecessarily repeated anything, but the usefulness of this subject shall serve as an excuse. Considering that such an important matter merits being treated with thoroughness. At this point, I shall leave the reader who can expect to shortly receive even more, just like a landlord who, allowing the rent to be uncollected one month, expects double the next. | |
− | |In sum, this is the superiority of the Direct Line posture, presented at the distance of the First Instance. We could list even more reasons, if these were not self-evident enough, to persuade those who are open to the Truth. I truly believe that we have not unnecessarily repeated anything, but the usefulness of this subject shall serve as an excuse. Considering that such an important matter merits being treated with thoroughness. At this point, I shall leave the reader who can expect to shortly receive even more, just like a landlord who, allowing the rent to be uncollected one month, expects double the next. | + | | Voilà en somme, qu’elle est la perfećtion de la Droite ligne, à presenter sur la Premiere Instance. On en pourroit alleguer encore d’autres raisons, si celles-cy n’estoyent assez evidentes pour persuader la Verité à ceux, qui la veulent recevoir. Ie croy bien, que nous avons usé aucunefois de quelques redites: mais l’utilité du sujet en fera nostre excuse; considerant qu’une matiere de si grande importance ne meritoit, que d’estre traitée bien exaćtement; estant expedient d’y arrester la contemplation du Lećteur, pour imiter en cest endroit les avaricieux, qui laissent longuement courrir leurs rentes, afin qu’ils les reçoivent par apres avec double usure. |
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− | |Voilà en | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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+ | N.B., The coat of arms at the top belongs to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sigismund,_Elector_of_Brandenburg Johan Sigismund] (1572 – 1619), Elector of Brandenburg (1608 – 1619) of the House of Hohenzollern, Elector of Brandenburg from 1608 and Duke of Prussia, through his wife Anna, from 1618. | ||
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|Our intention is to examine the advantages of the Direct Line, adopted carefully at the First Instance, and in the form shown in the foreground of the preceeding Plate, and on which all subsequent actions depend. But seeing how fighters most frequently begin to work with feints as soon as they come into range, to try and draw the opponent’s sword a little out of the way before striking with their thrusts, it seems necessary for your satisfaction, and to clarify the Plate, to have here a short discourse on feints, first, before entering into the particular explanations of the examples, that will be presented. Therefore we posit that Alexander, arrived into position first, right foot along the outside edge of the A-C Quadrangle, and the other on the Pedal Line. Zachary has approached, and is at the First Instance on the other side of the Circle, likewise in the Direct Line posture, on the right side of the Quadrangle and left foot on the usual line, putting his sword above the other, and working with feints inside and outside, sometimes with the foot firmly on the ground, somtimes, and more often, with the foot slightly raised off the ground. Never staying exactly at the First Instance, at other times starting from further back or closer, according to his whim. In sum, he is making such a large number and variety of feints that it is impossible for Alexander to work against him if he cannot distinguish exactly how close each of these will reach. Because the forward movement of the foot and the body, that happens with each move, can be defined in four degrees, from which we derive four types of feints, which are necessary to recognize, to be able to defend against them. The instructions for how to do this are below, and without which, there is no other remedy against these subtle feints, other than a lucky strike, and to open yourself to the enemy, in the hope of hitting him as well, or to break away as a coward, to get away from his strikes. | |Our intention is to examine the advantages of the Direct Line, adopted carefully at the First Instance, and in the form shown in the foreground of the preceeding Plate, and on which all subsequent actions depend. But seeing how fighters most frequently begin to work with feints as soon as they come into range, to try and draw the opponent’s sword a little out of the way before striking with their thrusts, it seems necessary for your satisfaction, and to clarify the Plate, to have here a short discourse on feints, first, before entering into the particular explanations of the examples, that will be presented. Therefore we posit that Alexander, arrived into position first, right foot along the outside edge of the A-C Quadrangle, and the other on the Pedal Line. Zachary has approached, and is at the First Instance on the other side of the Circle, likewise in the Direct Line posture, on the right side of the Quadrangle and left foot on the usual line, putting his sword above the other, and working with feints inside and outside, sometimes with the foot firmly on the ground, somtimes, and more often, with the foot slightly raised off the ground. Never staying exactly at the First Instance, at other times starting from further back or closer, according to his whim. In sum, he is making such a large number and variety of feints that it is impossible for Alexander to work against him if he cannot distinguish exactly how close each of these will reach. Because the forward movement of the foot and the body, that happens with each move, can be defined in four degrees, from which we derive four types of feints, which are necessary to recognize, to be able to defend against them. The instructions for how to do this are below, and without which, there is no other remedy against these subtle feints, other than a lucky strike, and to open yourself to the enemy, in the hope of hitting him as well, or to break away as a coward, to get away from his strikes. | ||
− | | | + | |Nostre intention est d’examiner les avantages de la droite ligne, presentée à la Permiere Instance avec jugement, & en la forme, qui est monstée au premier plan du Tableau precedent: du quel aussi toutes ces operations suivantes dependent. Mais voyant que les tireurs d’Armes commencent le plus souvent à travailler avec les feintes, si tost qu’ils viennent à mesure, pour faire sortir l’espee contraire un peu de presence, avant que tirer leurs estocades; il nous semble necessaire pour vostre plus grand satisfaćtion, & pour l’esclaircissement du Tableau, de mettre icy un petit discours touchant les feintes, premier que d’entrer en la declaration particuliere des exemples, qui sont icy proposez. Dont nous presupposerons, qu’Alexandre s’estant mis le premier en posture, le pied droit sur le costé exterieure du Quadrangle AC, & l’autre sur la ligne Pedale; Zacharie l’est venu aborder, en se mettant à la Premier Instance à l’autre bout du Cercle, en pareille posture de la ligne droite, sur le costé droit du Quadrangle & sur la ligne ordinaire du pied gauche, portant l’espee dessous l’autre, & poursuivant à travailler avec feintes par dehors, & par dedans, tantost à pied ferme, tantost, & le plus souvent, avec le pied droit un peu levé; aucunesfois demeurant exaćtement sur la Premiere Instance, autresfois commençant de plus loing ou de plus pres, selon qu’il luy vient à gré. Somme il fait un si grande varieté de feintes, qu’il est impossible à Alexandre de bien travailler alencontre, s’il ne distingue exaćtement la mesure de l’approchement de chasquune d’icelles. Car l’advancement du pied & du corps, qui les accompagne, peut estre distingué en quatre degréz; dont procedent quatre especes de feintes, qui sont necessaires à cognoistre, pour se fortifier deuement alencontre, selon les instrućtions qui s’ensuivent, & sans lesquelles, il n’y à autre remede contre les feintes subtiles, que le seul hazard de tirer, & de donner sur l’ennemi à corps perdu, en espoir de luy rendre son change, ou de rompre tousiours en covard la mesure, pour eschapper tant seulement les coups. |
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|The first type of feint, is that which is made by Zachary from the First Instance, by raising his right foot and setting his weight back on his left, without any noticeable forward movement. In such a way that the tip never passes the guard of his adversary’s sword. The remedy against this feint is to scorn it and to make no move against it, not with the arm, nor with the sword, until the enemy approaches closer. | |The first type of feint, is that which is made by Zachary from the First Instance, by raising his right foot and setting his weight back on his left, without any noticeable forward movement. In such a way that the tip never passes the guard of his adversary’s sword. The remedy against this feint is to scorn it and to make no move against it, not with the arm, nor with the sword, until the enemy approaches closer. | ||
− | |La premiere | + | |La premiere espece de feintes, c’est celle qui est fait par Zacharie à la Premiere Instance, en levant le pied droit, & faisant la charge du corps sur le pied gauche, sans nul advancement notable; en sorte que sa poinćte ne passe pas la garde de l’espee contraire. La remede de ceste feinte, c’est de la mespriser, & de ne faire aucun mouvement alencontre, ny du bras, ny de l’espee, jusqu’à tant que l’ennemi s’approche d’avantage. |
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|The second type is when he begins to lean his body forward, enough so that, doing his feint to the outside, or inside, the tip can just reach his enemy’s hand. The counter is to tense both the arm and sword-hand at the same time, straightening the body, and lightly lift the heel of the right foot, so that it is ready to work according to circumstances,and raising the tip of the sword upwards towards the side of the feint, above the adversary’s sword, to be able to cover it from a superior position. | |The second type is when he begins to lean his body forward, enough so that, doing his feint to the outside, or inside, the tip can just reach his enemy’s hand. The counter is to tense both the arm and sword-hand at the same time, straightening the body, and lightly lift the heel of the right foot, so that it is ready to work according to circumstances,and raising the tip of the sword upwards towards the side of the feint, above the adversary’s sword, to be able to cover it from a superior position. | ||
− | |La | + | |La seconde espece, c’est quand il commence à pancher du corps en avant, si bien qu’en faisant la feinte en dehors, ou en dedans, la pointe puisse arriver jusqu’à l’endroit du poignet de la main de l’ennemy. Le contraire, c’est d’aviver au mesme temps le bras & la main de l’espee, roidissant le corps, & eslevant le talon du pied droit, afin qu’il soit prest à travailler selon les occurrances, & eslevant ensemblement la poinćte de l’espee en haut du costé de la feinte, par dessus l’espee contraire, pour la couvrir avec un peu de superiorité. |
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|The third type is when he continues to approach with his body so far forward that the tip can reach half-way to the adversary’s elbow. This cannot be done except with a larger and more obvious movement than the one before. The counter to this type of feint is done in almost the same way as above, however by increasing and adjusting ones actions to the actions of one’s adversary. Because at the same time as you must extend your body, raise the right foot, and lift your arm and the sword forwards, while turning the outside branch of the crosspiece a little higher than the other, and raising the tip to an obtuse angle beside the adversary’s sword, to gain a superior position. That is the closest approach you can permit the adversary to make with his body, while remaining on the defensive. If he comes any closer, one must hit him at the same time, or else he will either continue to follow the path of his feint to the inside or the outside, intending to wound on that same side, or he will disengage with a circular move to hit low or sweep over to the opposite side. This preparation against this, done as described, will be used as a universal means to counter his moves and render them useless. | |The third type is when he continues to approach with his body so far forward that the tip can reach half-way to the adversary’s elbow. This cannot be done except with a larger and more obvious movement than the one before. The counter to this type of feint is done in almost the same way as above, however by increasing and adjusting ones actions to the actions of one’s adversary. Because at the same time as you must extend your body, raise the right foot, and lift your arm and the sword forwards, while turning the outside branch of the crosspiece a little higher than the other, and raising the tip to an obtuse angle beside the adversary’s sword, to gain a superior position. That is the closest approach you can permit the adversary to make with his body, while remaining on the defensive. If he comes any closer, one must hit him at the same time, or else he will either continue to follow the path of his feint to the inside or the outside, intending to wound on that same side, or he will disengage with a circular move to hit low or sweep over to the opposite side. This preparation against this, done as described, will be used as a universal means to counter his moves and render them useless. | ||
− | |La troisieme | + | |La troisieme espece, c’est quand il continue son approchement du corps si en avant, que sa pointe puisse arriver jusqu’à l’endroit due mitandu coude contraire; ce qu’il ne peut faire sinon avec un mouvement plus grand & plus apparent, que n’a esté le precedent. Le contraire de ceste espece de feinte, se pratique quasi en la mesme sorte que dessus, toutesfois en augmentant & accomodant les aćtions à l’exigence des aćtions conraitres. Car au mesme temps il faut s’estendre le corps, lever le pied droit, hausser le bras & l’espee en avant, en tournant la branche exterieure, du poignet de la main, un peu plus en haut que l’autre, & eslevant la pointe en angle obtus du costé de l’espee contraire, pour le couvrir avec un petit avantage de superiorité. Voila tout le dernier approchmēt de corps, qu’on peut ou doit permettre au Contraire, tandis qu’on demeure sur la defense: car s’il entre plus avant, il luy faut donner l’atteinte au mesme temps, soit qu’il poursuive le trait de la feinte encommencée dedans, ou en dehors du bras, pour blesser de mesme costé, ou qu’il usede cavation pour toucher en bas, ou au costé opposité. Aussi ceste preparation, que nous venons de descrire, estant deuement faite, servira d’une addresse universelle, pour rendre touts ses desseins inutiles. |
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|The fourth type is when he moves so far forward with the feint, that the tip of his sword can reach the elbow of his adversary. Which is the last and largest movement that he could do without putting his foot down on the ground. Alexander recognizes this extreme approach by his adversary, by the large and noticeably forward movement which he uses and way the body leans forward. He must be careful if he allows his opponent to follow through with this feint, because there is no remedy against a second motion. Yet he must move from the defense to the attack, moving in at the same time as the enemy moves to try his feint, with a short step along the Diameter, with the body erect, the arm and sword extended, so that he can just hit the opponent’s face with his tip, before the feint can be completed. But all this will be more amply demonstrated in Plate XXVII, which is the proper place to work on feints, and against the left-hand dagger. | |The fourth type is when he moves so far forward with the feint, that the tip of his sword can reach the elbow of his adversary. Which is the last and largest movement that he could do without putting his foot down on the ground. Alexander recognizes this extreme approach by his adversary, by the large and noticeably forward movement which he uses and way the body leans forward. He must be careful if he allows his opponent to follow through with this feint, because there is no remedy against a second motion. Yet he must move from the defense to the attack, moving in at the same time as the enemy moves to try his feint, with a short step along the Diameter, with the body erect, the arm and sword extended, so that he can just hit the opponent’s face with his tip, before the feint can be completed. But all this will be more amply demonstrated in Plate XXVII, which is the proper place to work on feints, and against the left-hand dagger. | ||
− | |La quatrieme | + | |La quatrieme espece, c’est quand il s’avance tellement avec sa feinte, que la pointe de son espee pourroit arriver au coude du bras contraire; qui est le dernier & le plus grand mouvement qu’il sçauvit faire, sans planter le pied à terre. Alexandre recognoissant cest extreme approchement de son Contraire, par le grand & notable avancement & panchement du corps, dequoy il use; se doibt bien donner garde de luy laisser parfaire ceste feinte encommencée; car au second mouvement il n’y auroit plus de remede. Et pourtant faut, qu’il devienne assaillant de defendant qu’il estoit, (en entrant, au mesme temps que l’ennemi est en aćtion pour faire sa feinte) d’un petit pas par delà le Diametre, le corps droit, le bras & l’espee estendues, en sorte que il touche de sa poinćte au visage, avant que la feinte soit parachevée. Or toute cecy vous sera demonstré plus amplement en la Tableau XXVII. qui est le propre lieu ou on travaillera sur les feintes, & sur les assistences de la main gauche. |
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|These are the cautions that we felt necessary to give you concerning feints and their counters. These will be very useful to Scholars who have achieved some skill, but can be safely ignored by Novices, who will have enough to do learning to control their swords, arms, hands, & legs, without concerning themselves with such subtle observations. They can be content, for the present, to know they exist as part of the Theory, yet still practise the examples from this Plate simply, without going into too many variations, in order to learn basic thrusts & counters, which shall be explained with their descriptions, rather than trying to acquire and refine skills for every possible response against each type of feint. Because one cannot fly without wings. | |These are the cautions that we felt necessary to give you concerning feints and their counters. These will be very useful to Scholars who have achieved some skill, but can be safely ignored by Novices, who will have enough to do learning to control their swords, arms, hands, & legs, without concerning themselves with such subtle observations. They can be content, for the present, to know they exist as part of the Theory, yet still practise the examples from this Plate simply, without going into too many variations, in order to learn basic thrusts & counters, which shall be explained with their descriptions, rather than trying to acquire and refine skills for every possible response against each type of feint. Because one cannot fly without wings. | ||
− | |Voilà les | + | |Voilà les advertissements, que nous avons jugez necessaires de vous proposer touchant les feintes, & leurs contraires: qui seront de tres-grande utilité pour les Escholiers qui auront fait quelque advancement notable; mais on s’en pourra passer pour le regard des Novices, qui auront asses à faire à bien gouverner leurs espees, mains, bras, & jambes, sans qu’ils s’embarques en des observations si subtiles. Qu’ils se contentent pour le present de les recevoir seulement,par maniere the Theorie, en pratiquant les exemples de ce Tableau plus grossierement, sans beaucoup de circonstances, pour y apprendre simplement les estocades, & les rencontres, qui seront expliquées en leurs descriptions; plustost que d’approprier artistement chasque remede à chasque espece de feintes. Car aussi bien ne peut on voler sans aisles. |
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|''Alexander assumes the Direct Line posture and waits, then, attacked by Zachary with a thrust inside his arm towards the face, at the instant the tip passes his elbow, he parries against the 3rd or 4th Span with the strong part of his own sword, and moving a little to the side with the right foot, he closes the straight line, in a way that he wounds Zachary's face.'' | |''Alexander assumes the Direct Line posture and waits, then, attacked by Zachary with a thrust inside his arm towards the face, at the instant the tip passes his elbow, he parries against the 3rd or 4th Span with the strong part of his own sword, and moving a little to the side with the right foot, he closes the straight line, in a way that he wounds Zachary's face.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre se tenant en la posture de la droite ligne, & assailli par Zacharie d’un coup de pointe en dedans du bras devers le visage, à l’instant que la pointe luy vient passer le coude, il la sur prend au Nombres 3. ou 4. avec le fort de sa propre espee, & allant un peu à costé avec le pied droit, il luy ferme la droite ligne, de façon qu’il le blesse au visage.'' |
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|Alexander holds himself in the Direct Line posture. Zachary threatens him with a feint of the third type to the outside of his arm by lifting his foot, and moving his body and arm forward, until the tip of his sword is about mid-way to Alexander’s elbow as if Zachary were going to thrust at him in the face. He hopes to make him parry the attack, and consequently have Alexander move his sword out to the side. Then, all at once, he passes his sword back beneath his adversary’s guard, continuing to move his body forward putting the right foot on the ground at R. As he leans his body further forward, he brings the sword back up, drawing his left foot, which is lagging behind, up to the same distance behind his right foot, while at the same time aiming his thrust to the inside of the right arm, straight at his opponent’s face, carrying his arm and sword along the direct line. Alexander’s defence consists of working against the feint, and then against the thrust. Against the feint, using only his wrist, he turns the outside branch of the crosspiece diagonally upwards, moving his sword-tip to the side of the feint to cross over and cover a good bit of his opponent’s blade with his own, without touching it, and without moving off the line, not to the right, nor to the left, not with the arm, nor with the sword. That is the counter to the feint. If Zachary had continued to move his tip from the feint to hit on the same side, this preparation would have been the correct way to break the strike outside the arm, as it is also, at present, the correct way to begin to counter the thrust to the inside. Then, as Zachary passes his sword under his opponent’s guard, to hit on the opposite side from where he made his feint, Alexander, as soon as he percieves the first hint of a change, becomes alert, and comes on guard, straightening the arm and the knees, so well that at the instant the tip of his opponent’s sword is near he elbow, he meets the 3rd or 4th Span of his opponent’s blade with the centre of his own guard, and catches it, and locks it between the blade and the inside branch of his crosspiece as he turns it horizontally, while at the same time stepping with his right foot and moving his body forward, with his arm and sword, the point of contact progressing up his opponent’s sword, so in this way he closes off the straight line letting the tip of his opponent’s sword pass across his chest, as he wounds the enemy in the face. He finally puts his right foot down just along the Diameter between the letters C and E, and draws his left foot behind until he is again erect on his feet in profile and in a perpendicular line. In this way, he increases the force of his thrust so much that he pierces through his opponent’s head. | |Alexander holds himself in the Direct Line posture. Zachary threatens him with a feint of the third type to the outside of his arm by lifting his foot, and moving his body and arm forward, until the tip of his sword is about mid-way to Alexander’s elbow as if Zachary were going to thrust at him in the face. He hopes to make him parry the attack, and consequently have Alexander move his sword out to the side. Then, all at once, he passes his sword back beneath his adversary’s guard, continuing to move his body forward putting the right foot on the ground at R. As he leans his body further forward, he brings the sword back up, drawing his left foot, which is lagging behind, up to the same distance behind his right foot, while at the same time aiming his thrust to the inside of the right arm, straight at his opponent’s face, carrying his arm and sword along the direct line. Alexander’s defence consists of working against the feint, and then against the thrust. Against the feint, using only his wrist, he turns the outside branch of the crosspiece diagonally upwards, moving his sword-tip to the side of the feint to cross over and cover a good bit of his opponent’s blade with his own, without touching it, and without moving off the line, not to the right, nor to the left, not with the arm, nor with the sword. That is the counter to the feint. If Zachary had continued to move his tip from the feint to hit on the same side, this preparation would have been the correct way to break the strike outside the arm, as it is also, at present, the correct way to begin to counter the thrust to the inside. Then, as Zachary passes his sword under his opponent’s guard, to hit on the opposite side from where he made his feint, Alexander, as soon as he percieves the first hint of a change, becomes alert, and comes on guard, straightening the arm and the knees, so well that at the instant the tip of his opponent’s sword is near he elbow, he meets the 3rd or 4th Span of his opponent’s blade with the centre of his own guard, and catches it, and locks it between the blade and the inside branch of his crosspiece as he turns it horizontally, while at the same time stepping with his right foot and moving his body forward, with his arm and sword, the point of contact progressing up his opponent’s sword, so in this way he closes off the straight line letting the tip of his opponent’s sword pass across his chest, as he wounds the enemy in the face. He finally puts his right foot down just along the Diameter between the letters C and E, and draws his left foot behind until he is again erect on his feet in profile and in a perpendicular line. In this way, he increases the force of his thrust so much that he pierces through his opponent’s head. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se tenant en la posture de la droite ligne, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient menacer d’une feinte de la troisieme espece en dehors du bras en eslevant le pied droit, & avançant le corps & le bras de l’espee, jusqu’à porter sa pointe environ le milieu du coude contraire quasi comme s’il luy vouloit tirer une estocade an visage; sous espoir de l’obliger à parer le coup, & consequēment à escarter l’espee. Puis tout à l’instant il la repasse par dessous la garde contraire, en continuant l’advancement du corps, avec le pied droit: lequel posant à terre sur le diametre à la lettre R. avec quelque augmentation du panchement du corps, il remonte l’espee en haut, laissant suivre & trainer le pied gauche proportionellemēt derriere l’autre, en tirant & dressant au mesme temps son estocade en dedans du bras droite au visage de sa partie, portant le bras & espee estendues en ligne droite. La defense d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> consiste à travailler contre le feinte, & contre l’estocade. Contre le feinte, en tournant du seul poignet de la main la branche exterieure de sa garde diagonalement en haut, en montant la pointe du costé de la feinte pour croiser & convrir un bien peu la lame de son contraire de la sienne sans la toucher, & sans forligner ny à droite, ny à gauche, ny du bras, ny de l’espee. Voilà le contraire de la feinte. Si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie eust continué d’avancer sa pointe avec la feinte pour le toucher du mesme costé, ceste preparation eust esté le vray moyen de luy rompre le coup en dehors du bras, comme elle est à present le vray commencement de rencontrer l’estocade tiree en dedans. Puis donc que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> repasse l’espee par dessoubs la garde de son contraire, pour frapper à l’opposite du lieu, ou il avoit dressé sa feinte, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, dés aussi tost qu’il apperçoit le premier trait du changement, se resveille, & se met sur ses gardes, en roidissant le bras & les genoux, si bien qu’à l’instant que la pointe de l’espee de sa partie luy vient à l’endroit du coude, il la reçoit au Nombre 3, ou 4, avec le centre, qui est la garde de la sienne, & la prend & enserre, entre sa lame & sa branche interieure tournée horizontalement, en avançant au mesme temps le pied droit & le corps ensemble, avec le bras & l’espee, en graduant l’espee contraire & par ce moyen il ferme la droite ligne en laissant escouler la pointe de son contraire à vuide par devant sa poitrine, blessant l’Ennemy au visage, & abaissant finalement le pied droit à terre par delà le Diametre entre les lettres CE, & laissant trainer le pied gauche derriere, jusqu’à ce qu’il revienne droit sur ses pieds en pourfil, & en ligne perpendiculaire: il accroist par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de son estocade, qu’il le perce au travers la teste. |
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|''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm. '' | |''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm. '' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre poursuit la premiere approche contre l’angle obtus, par luy commencé & à demi faite au Tableau precedent Cercle N.2. où il estoit venu jusqu’à se mettre l’espee à costé de la teste, avec le pied droit un peu avancé en l’air: maintenant en venant sur la Premiere Instance, il la met pareillement en angle obtus contre l’autre en dedans du bras.'' |
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|Following the thrust, he closes with the enemy, stepping forward with the right foot, up to the letter H, putting his weight on this right foot, bending the knee, and drawing his left foot up behind him as far as the circumference. He continues to push his sword forward with all his strength, striking the enemie’s guard so hard that the enemy is forced to bend his arm, and let his tip fly upwards at an obtuse angle, and so he is safely beneath it, and prevents any attempt at revenge. | |Following the thrust, he closes with the enemy, stepping forward with the right foot, up to the letter H, putting his weight on this right foot, bending the knee, and drawing his left foot up behind him as far as the circumference. He continues to push his sword forward with all his strength, striking the enemie’s guard so hard that the enemy is forced to bend his arm, and let his tip fly upwards at an obtuse angle, and so he is safely beneath it, and prevents any attempt at revenge. | ||
− | | | + | |Poursuivant l’execution de l’estocade, il entre sur l’ennemy, en cheminant avec le pied droit jusqu’au lettre H, ou il fait la charge du corps sur la jambe droite, en pliant le genouil, & trainant le pied gauche derriere jusqu’à la circonference; en continuant a pousser l’espee en avant de toute sa force, avec le bras roide, il en choque si rudement la garde contraire, qu’il force l’ennemi à se courber le bras, & laisser aller sa pointe en haut en angle obtus, venant par ainsi dessous, & luy ostant toute apparence de revenge. |
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|This precept is very far from common practice, which instructs that after striking one should immediately retire out of range. I shall show you here, that you should follow the tip forward until you are absolute Lord and Master of your enemy. Do not run, nor jump backwards, which would be nothing other than inviting a riposte. It is far better to move in so far as to make his weapons useless. I know well, that those who are used to the old mode will not take up this method, and will hold it as being too dangerous. But this is because they themselves do not understand that one must secure the opponent’s sword before hitting them. And they think that we shall try everything we can to adopt their mode, extending our strikes, leaving swords free, or trying to move them off line by way of feints. Things we we are careful not to do. Because such thrusts are unplanned and chancy, and it would appear they fail as often as they succeed. Even when everything goes as hoped for, if they can, they would yet deny that whatever advantage they had was accompanied by some manifestly obvious danger, and is nearly as dangerous for the person who came out on top as it is for his opponent. Their own practice speaks for itself, where one can see they are ordinarily more at pains to withdraw with haste out of range, than they are of making sure of their hits. See how they withdraw most often, before even finding out if they are well or poorly placed. Which is, in effect, nothing more than taking lucky shots, with no superiority, nor any advantage. It follows then, that they wave their swords freely about, and the one who hits always needs to take two moments, one to move in, the other to get back out of range. We also see how frequently they wound each other which is an infallable argument that luck dominates, and they themselves know the imperfections of their system, because they do not know how to attack artfully with their sword. | |This precept is very far from common practice, which instructs that after striking one should immediately retire out of range. I shall show you here, that you should follow the tip forward until you are absolute Lord and Master of your enemy. Do not run, nor jump backwards, which would be nothing other than inviting a riposte. It is far better to move in so far as to make his weapons useless. I know well, that those who are used to the old mode will not take up this method, and will hold it as being too dangerous. But this is because they themselves do not understand that one must secure the opponent’s sword before hitting them. And they think that we shall try everything we can to adopt their mode, extending our strikes, leaving swords free, or trying to move them off line by way of feints. Things we we are careful not to do. Because such thrusts are unplanned and chancy, and it would appear they fail as often as they succeed. Even when everything goes as hoped for, if they can, they would yet deny that whatever advantage they had was accompanied by some manifestly obvious danger, and is nearly as dangerous for the person who came out on top as it is for his opponent. Their own practice speaks for itself, where one can see they are ordinarily more at pains to withdraw with haste out of range, than they are of making sure of their hits. See how they withdraw most often, before even finding out if they are well or poorly placed. Which is, in effect, nothing more than taking lucky shots, with no superiority, nor any advantage. It follows then, that they wave their swords freely about, and the one who hits always needs to take two moments, one to move in, the other to get back out of range. We also see how frequently they wound each other which is an infallable argument that luck dominates, and they themselves know the imperfections of their system, because they do not know how to attack artfully with their sword. | ||
− | |Ce precept | + | |Ce precept est grandement esloigné de la Pratique vulgaire, qui commande, qu’on se retire tout à l’instant hors de mesure, apres qu’on à donné l’atteinte. Icy vous monstre, qu’il faut poursuivre la pointe, jusqu’à se rendre tout à fait Maistre & Seigneur absolu de l’Ennemy, non pas fuir ny sauter en arriere, qui ne seroit autre chose, que de le provoquer à la riposte, il vaut plustost mieux entrer si en avant qu’on luy rende les armes inutiles. Ie sçay bien, que ceux qui sont accoustumez à la veille mode ne laisseront pas de reprendre ceste maniere & de la tenir pour trop dangereuse: mais c’est pource qu’ils n’entendent pas eux mesmes, comme on se doit asseurer de l’espee contraire, avant que de porter l’atteinte: & qu’ils pensent que nous nous efforçions à leur mode allongeant nos bottes, en laissant les espees libres, ou en taschāt de les faire sortir de presence par le moyen de quelques feintes. Ce que nous n’avons guarde de faire. Car telles estocades sont tirées à l’adventure, & y à tout autant d’apparence quelle reussiront mal que bien; au fort quand tout est allé à souhait, si ne peuvent, ils nier encores, que l’avantage qu’ils ont eu, n’ait esté accompangé de quelque danger manifeste, & à peu pres autant hazardeux pour celuy qui a eu le dessus, que pour son cōtraire. I’en pren à tesmoin la pratique mesme de leurs exercises, ou on le voit, qu’ils sont ordinairement plus en peine, pour se retirer à la haste hors de Mesure, qu’ils ne sont asseurez à porter les atteintes, voire qu’ils se retirent le plus souvent, premier que de sçavoir, s’ils ont bien ou mal addressé. Ce qui n’est en effet autre chose, que de tirer ses coups à l’adventure, sans nulle superiorite, ny advantage; procedant de ce qu’ils ont les espees de part & d’autre egallement libres; & que celuy qui porte la botte à tousiours besoing de deux temps assez remarquables, le premier pour tirer, & le second pour sortir de presence. Aussi voit on, qu’ils s’entreblessent ordinairement les uns les autres, qui est un argument infallible, que la fortune y domine; & qu’ils recognoisse biē eux mesmes l’imperfećtion, & le danger de leur Pratique, par ce quils ne sçavent que c’est d’attaquer artistement une espee. |
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|''Alexander has placed his left foot on the circumference at point C, and has moved his sword under the opponent’s sword, as shown in Circle No 3, in Plate III. He follows on by coming into the First Instance, crossing swords in an obtuse angle, on the outside of the arm.'' | |''Alexander has placed his left foot on the circumference at point C, and has moved his sword under the opponent’s sword, as shown in Circle No 3, in Plate III. He follows on by coming into the First Instance, crossing swords in an obtuse angle, on the outside of the arm.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre estant venu à planter le pied gauche à la Circonference au C, & ensemblement à mettre l’espee en angle aigu dessous de l’espee contraire, suivant la Representation du Tabl. III. Cercle N.3. il pousuit icy le reste de ceste seconde approche, en venant sur la Premiere Instance, & accouplant derechef les espees en angle obtus en dehors du bras.'' |
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|Alexander waits in the same position as in Circle No 1. Zachary comes at him in the old style with a feint, either high or low, made with a straight arm to the outside, at the instant he arrives at the circumference of the Circle. Then, moving his left foot closer, he raises his other foot, he begins a circular disengage, which he continues to do while moving his body forward, so that at the same instant he puts his right foot on the ground at the letter R, he thrusts with all his strength at his adversary’s face. Alexander seeing that the feint does not go past the crosspiece of his guard, does not move at all, until Zachary moves forward a little, and begins to bend at the waist with his right foot raised. Then he gets ready, tensing his body, his feet, his hand, and the sword, in the way described, above, against the third type of feint. So that when the enemy enters in, and aims the tip of his sword towards his face on the inside line, as the point reaches the level of his elbow, he catches the sword with the inside branch of his crosspiece at about the 4th or 5th Span, and moves the point of contact up the blade by moving his body forward. He hits Zachary in the face with a straight thrust, putting his foot down further along the Diameter between the letters E and H, continuing to move towards him, and bending his knee to increase the power of his strike, as described above. | |Alexander waits in the same position as in Circle No 1. Zachary comes at him in the old style with a feint, either high or low, made with a straight arm to the outside, at the instant he arrives at the circumference of the Circle. Then, moving his left foot closer, he raises his other foot, he begins a circular disengage, which he continues to do while moving his body forward, so that at the same instant he puts his right foot on the ground at the letter R, he thrusts with all his strength at his adversary’s face. Alexander seeing that the feint does not go past the crosspiece of his guard, does not move at all, until Zachary moves forward a little, and begins to bend at the waist with his right foot raised. Then he gets ready, tensing his body, his feet, his hand, and the sword, in the way described, above, against the third type of feint. So that when the enemy enters in, and aims the tip of his sword towards his face on the inside line, as the point reaches the level of his elbow, he catches the sword with the inside branch of his crosspiece at about the 4th or 5th Span, and moves the point of contact up the blade by moving his body forward. He hits Zachary in the face with a straight thrust, putting his foot down further along the Diameter between the letters E and H, continuing to move towards him, and bending his knee to increase the power of his strike, as described above. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se tenant tout de mesme, qu’au Cercle N.1; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient aborder à la mode ancienne avec une feinte, haute, ou basse, tiree d’un bras roide par dehors l’espee, à l’instant qu’il arrive à la Circonference du Cercle: puis en approchant le pied gauche, & eslevant l’autre, il commence à faire la cavation; laquelle il continue durant l’avancement du corps, si bien qu’au mesme instant qu’il met le pied en terre sur le Diametre à la lettre R, il tire de toute sa force une estocade vers le visage de son Contraire. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant, que la feinte ne passe point la branche de sa garde, ne se bouge nullement, jusqu’à tant que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie s’avance un peu d’avantage, & commence à faire la cavation avec le pied droit eslevé. Car lors il se prepare, s’avivant le corps, le pied, le bras, & l’espee, en la façon, qui est descrite en la troisieme espece des feintes; de sorte que l’ennemi entrant, & dressant la pointe de l’espee vers son visage en dedans le bras, à l’instant qu’elle vient à l’endroit de son coude, il la reçoit de la branche interieure de sa garde au Nombre 4. ou 5. & en la graduant avec un avancement du corps, il luy donne le coup en droite ligne au visage, abaissant le pied un peu au delà le Diametre entre les lettres EH. continuant à charger le corps sur iceluy, en pliant le genouil, pour augmenter la vigueur de l’estocade, en la maniere & pour les considerations declarées cy dessus. |
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|To perform this action successfully, one needs to know how to distinguish two distances at which Zachary’s thrusts can commence. | |To perform this action successfully, one needs to know how to distinguish two distances at which Zachary’s thrusts can commence. | ||
− | |Pour bien pratiquer | + | |Pour bien pratiquer ceste operation, il est besoing de sçavoir distinguer deux distances, ou les estocades de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie se peuvent encommencer. |
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|If it happens that he lunges to strike from the First Instance, or from even further away, he will necessarily have his body and arm lowered and weak, before his tip can reach the bend in his adversary’s arm. That being so, Alexander can meet him at the same time, likewise leaning forward against him, and crossing the strong part of his sword against the weak of his opponent’s at the 4th or 5th Span. | |If it happens that he lunges to strike from the First Instance, or from even further away, he will necessarily have his body and arm lowered and weak, before his tip can reach the bend in his adversary’s arm. That being so, Alexander can meet him at the same time, likewise leaning forward against him, and crossing the strong part of his sword against the weak of his opponent’s at the 4th or 5th Span. | ||
− | |Car il s’advient, qu’il allonge | + | |Car il s’advient, qu’il allonge sa botte depuis la Premiere Instance, ou encor de plus loing, il aura le corps & le bras de l’espee necessairemēt abaissez & foibles, devant que sa pointe arrive à l’endroit de la plieure du bras contraire. Cela estant, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre le peut rencontrer au mesme temps, en usant pareillement d’un panchement de corps alencontre, & accouplant le fort de son espee au foible de l’espee contraire au Nombre 4. ou 5. |
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|But if he has previously moved his body closer during the feint, as soon as he makes his thrust from closer in, and the tip of his sword could pass beyond his adversary’s elbow without any lowering or weakening of his body, arm, or sword, Alexander will first straighten right up, with the right foot lifted, without leaning his body forward, until just as the adversary’s blade (which he has caught with the strong of his own) is a little off to the side, caused by Zachary’s body moving forward. Then he suddenly closes in, leaning his body forward, and, with his arm out straight, wounds him as he slides along the sword, as shown by the figure. | |But if he has previously moved his body closer during the feint, as soon as he makes his thrust from closer in, and the tip of his sword could pass beyond his adversary’s elbow without any lowering or weakening of his body, arm, or sword, Alexander will first straighten right up, with the right foot lifted, without leaning his body forward, until just as the adversary’s blade (which he has caught with the strong of his own) is a little off to the side, caused by Zachary’s body moving forward. Then he suddenly closes in, leaning his body forward, and, with his arm out straight, wounds him as he slides along the sword, as shown by the figure. | ||
− | |Mais s’il a fait preallablement quelque approachment du corps, durant la feinte; | + | |Mais s’il a fait preallablement quelque approachment du corps, durant la feinte; si bien qu’il tire son estocade de plus pres, & qu’il puisse passer de sa pointe plus avant que le coude du bras de son contraire, sans aucun abaissemēt ou affoiblissement du corps, bras, ou espee, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre se dressera premierement tout droit, avec le pied droit eslevé, sans pancher du corps en avant, jusques à tant que la lame contraire (estant accueillie du fort de la sienne) se soit un peu escoulée, moyennant l’avancement du corps: & lors il entrera tout subitement en panchant sur le devant, & le blessera en luy graduāt l’espee avec le bras estendu, suivant la demonstration du figure. |
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|This manner of receiving a thrust is somewhat different from that of Circle No 1, because this one counters with a single move, whereas the other takes two. This one executes the strike by a bend of the knee, the other requires one to prepare the body by becoming erect in the direct line posture with knees straightened. So it may seem to some that this way of striking and following through all at once, with the legs wide and the knees bent, is quite daring, more active, and more noble than the other because it appears to be much more like the impetuous actions in common use. Whereas the other is so far removed it could not be used this way. However, you may be sure, that the method shown in Circle No 1 is the more sure, being more ready to respond to any changes, and stronger, since all the parts of the body are extended and tensed, and all forces work in conjunction. This gives their movements a vigour and internal liveliness that is not apparent, for the reason that the movements become smaller as they become more powerful. Moreover, as they come from a body that is extended perpendicularly, they are superior to the other. Notably when we employ skills in proportion to the requirements of the situation. Even so, his body is thus ready as much to move and fight on all sides, as it is to engage, stop, and moderate its actions appropriately, for he holds all he needs in reserve. This is why it is very useful to practice the action of these and similar thrusts in two motions, rather than one. It is also never entirely necessary, as shall be shown in the following Circle. Alexander shall be constrained to stand up on his legs, with his body erect and straight, according to our style, to protect himself against the thrust, and so force his opponent to attack from the outside of his arm. If he wished to meet this attack by leaning his body forward over his forward knee, by this lowering of his body, arm, and sword, he would, of necessity, find himself lower than his adversary, who would not be long in taking full advantage of the superior position of his body, which he has kept by staying upright. | |This manner of receiving a thrust is somewhat different from that of Circle No 1, because this one counters with a single move, whereas the other takes two. This one executes the strike by a bend of the knee, the other requires one to prepare the body by becoming erect in the direct line posture with knees straightened. So it may seem to some that this way of striking and following through all at once, with the legs wide and the knees bent, is quite daring, more active, and more noble than the other because it appears to be much more like the impetuous actions in common use. Whereas the other is so far removed it could not be used this way. However, you may be sure, that the method shown in Circle No 1 is the more sure, being more ready to respond to any changes, and stronger, since all the parts of the body are extended and tensed, and all forces work in conjunction. This gives their movements a vigour and internal liveliness that is not apparent, for the reason that the movements become smaller as they become more powerful. Moreover, as they come from a body that is extended perpendicularly, they are superior to the other. Notably when we employ skills in proportion to the requirements of the situation. Even so, his body is thus ready as much to move and fight on all sides, as it is to engage, stop, and moderate its actions appropriately, for he holds all he needs in reserve. This is why it is very useful to practice the action of these and similar thrusts in two motions, rather than one. It is also never entirely necessary, as shall be shown in the following Circle. Alexander shall be constrained to stand up on his legs, with his body erect and straight, according to our style, to protect himself against the thrust, and so force his opponent to attack from the outside of his arm. If he wished to meet this attack by leaning his body forward over his forward knee, by this lowering of his body, arm, and sword, he would, of necessity, find himself lower than his adversary, who would not be long in taking full advantage of the superior position of his body, which he has kept by staying upright. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste maniere de rencontrer une estocage, est assez differente de celle du Cercle N.1. Car celle cy fait l’execution de son coup en un seul temps, & l’autre en deux: celle cy l’execute en pliant le genouil, & l’autre veut que le corps soit preallablement dressé en ligne perpendiculaire avec les genoux roides. Or il semblera bien à plusieurs, que ceste façon de donner & achever tout ensemble avec les jambes larges & le genou plié, soit plus gaillarde, plus aćtive, & plus noble, que l’autre, par ce qu’elle a en apparance quelque chose de commun avec les plus furieuses Aćtions de la Pratique vulgaire; dont l’autre est si fort esloignée, qu’elle ne le pourroit estre davantage. Cependant soyez seur, que celle du Cercle N.1. est la plus seure, plus preste à prevenir touts les changements, & mesme aussi plus robuste, par ce que touts les membres du corps y sont tendus & resveillez, & tiennent leurs forces plus unies; ce qui donne à leurs mouvements une vigueur & vie interieur, qui ne paroist pas en l’exterieur; à raison qu’ils sont d’autant plus petits, que la force en est plus grande. En outre, pour ce qu’ils procedent d’un corps estendu perpendiculairement, ils se font avec plus de superiorité, que les autre; notamment quand on y employe l’artifice & la proportion, que les occasions requierent; mesme que le corps est alors preparé tant pour se trāsporter & travailler à touts costez, qu’à poursuivre, arrester, & moderer ses aćtions tout ainsi que bon luy semble; pour ce qu’il a tout en reserve. C’est pourquoy il est tres utile de pratiquer les executions de telles & semblables estocades en deux temps, plustost qu’en un: & aucunesfois il est du tout necessaire, comme il sera monstré par la description du Cercle suivant: ou <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre sera contraint de se mettre droit sur ses jambes, pour s’asseurer contre l’estocade, que sa partie luy tire en dehors du bras, avec le corps haut & droit, ensuivant le stile de nostre Pratique. Car s’il vouloit rencontrer en panchant du corps en avant sur le genouil de la jambe anterieure, par l’abaissemēt du corps, du bras, & de l’espee, il deviendroit necessairement inferieur à sa partie, qui ne s’esloigne guerre de prendre l’avantage de superiorité, par la hauteur du corps qu’il se reserve. |
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|''Zachary again attacks with resolve using a straight thrust to the outside of the arm, towards the face, with the body so upright that he does not pass beyond the letter V. Against this Alexander, having made ready, meets the 4th Span of his opponent’s sword with the strong of his own, raising himself slightly on his toes, by which means he retains his superiority, and sliding the point of contact along his opponent’s sword, keeping his arm straight, with a small step to turn his head and his back towards the thrust, he wounds Zachary in the face instead, recovering into the same posture that he had before.'' | |''Zachary again attacks with resolve using a straight thrust to the outside of the arm, towards the face, with the body so upright that he does not pass beyond the letter V. Against this Alexander, having made ready, meets the 4th Span of his opponent’s sword with the strong of his own, raising himself slightly on his toes, by which means he retains his superiority, and sliding the point of contact along his opponent’s sword, keeping his arm straight, with a small step to turn his head and his back towards the thrust, he wounds Zachary in the face instead, recovering into the same posture that he had before.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie luy tire encore | + | |''Zacharie luy tire encore sur la mesme posture une autre estocade resolue en droite ligne, dehors du bras, & devers le visage, avec le corps tousiours si haut qu’il ne passe point la lettre V, sur quoy Alexandre ayant fait sa preparation, accueile l’espee contraire du sort de la sienne au Nombre 4, avec un petit souslevement du corps sur les orteils de ses pieds, de quoy il retient la superiorité, & en graduant l’espee contraire d’un bras roide avec une petite demarche, pour tourner la teste & le dos devers l’estocade, il le blesse luy mesme au visage, en revenant tout droit debout en la mesme posture qu’il s’estoit au paravant.'' |
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|Both parties stand facing each other in the First Instance. Zachary has his sword below the other, parallel, in a direct line. He begins to move his straightened arm to feint to the inside of his opponent’s arm, raising his right foot and moving it slightly forward. Then, continuing the same forward motion, he passes his sword back beneath his opponent’s guard and makes a resolute thrust to his opponent’s face from the outside of the arm, putting his right foot down at the letter V, with the arm extended and the body erect, following with his left foot, as much as he needs to remain upright. Alexander again percieves that the feint does not come any closer than the crosspiece of his sword, and so remains still, waiting until his adversary makes his circular disengage with an obvious forward movement of his body. Then he gets ready to receive the attack, tenses himself, raises his right foot, and moves his sword as previously described. At the instant his opponent’s blade reaches his elbow, he catches the sword at the 4th Span with his strong part of his, but it is enough for him to remain erect, if he raises himself a little, by lifting his left heel and going up onto his left toes, at the same time looking backwards over his shoulder towards the tip of his enemy’s blade. He slides up this blade by stiffening his arm so that, with a small step forward and to the right, putting his food down near the letter E, he forces his opponent off the straight line and wounds him in the face. He allows his left foot to follow, drawing it behind in a circular path, until he returns to face his opponent in profile, in the natural way he was when in the First Instance inside the perpendicular lines. | |Both parties stand facing each other in the First Instance. Zachary has his sword below the other, parallel, in a direct line. He begins to move his straightened arm to feint to the inside of his opponent’s arm, raising his right foot and moving it slightly forward. Then, continuing the same forward motion, he passes his sword back beneath his opponent’s guard and makes a resolute thrust to his opponent’s face from the outside of the arm, putting his right foot down at the letter V, with the arm extended and the body erect, following with his left foot, as much as he needs to remain upright. Alexander again percieves that the feint does not come any closer than the crosspiece of his sword, and so remains still, waiting until his adversary makes his circular disengage with an obvious forward movement of his body. Then he gets ready to receive the attack, tenses himself, raises his right foot, and moves his sword as previously described. At the instant his opponent’s blade reaches his elbow, he catches the sword at the 4th Span with his strong part of his, but it is enough for him to remain erect, if he raises himself a little, by lifting his left heel and going up onto his left toes, at the same time looking backwards over his shoulder towards the tip of his enemy’s blade. He slides up this blade by stiffening his arm so that, with a small step forward and to the right, putting his food down near the letter E, he forces his opponent off the straight line and wounds him in the face. He allows his left foot to follow, drawing it behind in a circular path, until he returns to face his opponent in profile, in the natural way he was when in the First Instance inside the perpendicular lines. | ||
− | | | + | |S’estants plantez les deux parties à la Premiere Instance; l’espee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> dessous l’autre en ligne droite & parallele, il commence incontinent à faire avec le bras roide une feinte à son Contraire par dedans le bras, en eslevant & advançant quelque peu le pied droit; puis en continuant le mesme advancement du pied ensemble avec le corps, il repasse son espee par dessous la garde de sa partie, & en tire une estocade resolue tout droit vers le visage d’iceluy en dehors le bras, abaissant le pied droit à terre à la lettre V, avec le bras estendu & le corps haut, laissant trainer le pied gauche derriere, autant qu’il est besoing pour se tenir tousiours perpendiculaire. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant derechef, que la feinte ne passe pas les branches de sa garde, attend sans bouger jusqu’à tant que l’Adversaire face la cavation avec quelque approachement notable du corps; & lors il se presente à le recevoir, en avivant le corps, eslevant le pied droit, & conduisant l’espee selon les instrućtions precedentes; & à l’instant que la lame contraire luy vient à l’endroit du coude, il la reçoit du centre de la sienne au Nombre 4. ne luy suffisant pas de se tenir droit, si ce n’est qu’il y adjouste encor un petit souslevement du corps, pour se hausser un peu davantage sur les orteils du pied gauche, en tournant au mesme temps la teste vers le dos devers la pointe ennemie; laquelle il va graduer en roidissant le bras, de telle sorte, qu’avec un petit pas, posant le pied droit un peu à costé environ la lettre E, il le contraint de quitter la droite ligne, & le blesse au visage, laissant suivre le pied gauche derriere en trainant un peu circulairement, jusqu’à venir en pourfil en la situation naturelle de la Premiere Instance au dedans de perpendiculaires. |
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|Those who hold to ordinary fencing are greatly astonished at such a precept. Because moving your head and back towards the tip of your adversary’s sword while he is thrusting seems to be rash action that defies Nature herself, given it is natural to try and preserve oneself before attacking one’s Adversary. This is the reason they are accustomed to avoiding the attacking sword, leaning their head and body away from the menacing tip. In response, I must confess, that our exercises are exactly opposite to theirs, and I say they are making a great mistake trying to evade the tip in this way. Because the more they believe they are avoiding the tip by moving their head out of the way, the more they remain in danger of being hit. And on the contrary, the closer one gets, following the instructions in this and similar manoeuvres, the more secure one will be, and one will enter even more forward between the perpendicular lines. Because if Alexander had evaded his opponent’s tip by pulling his head back, I ask you, what would have prevented his opponent’s sword, which is free, from changing direction to pursue his advantage by another means? It is therefore better to counter the attack decisively, than to wait for him to come in to make his move, with the risk of being hit. And it is better to break his thrust than to leave him free. We conclude, then, that the skill and confidence goes to the one who knows how to dominate his adversary’s intentions, and chance and surprise to the one who fears the approach of a tip, as if it was invincible. | |Those who hold to ordinary fencing are greatly astonished at such a precept. Because moving your head and back towards the tip of your adversary’s sword while he is thrusting seems to be rash action that defies Nature herself, given it is natural to try and preserve oneself before attacking one’s Adversary. This is the reason they are accustomed to avoiding the attacking sword, leaning their head and body away from the menacing tip. In response, I must confess, that our exercises are exactly opposite to theirs, and I say they are making a great mistake trying to evade the tip in this way. Because the more they believe they are avoiding the tip by moving their head out of the way, the more they remain in danger of being hit. And on the contrary, the closer one gets, following the instructions in this and similar manoeuvres, the more secure one will be, and one will enter even more forward between the perpendicular lines. Because if Alexander had evaded his opponent’s tip by pulling his head back, I ask you, what would have prevented his opponent’s sword, which is free, from changing direction to pursue his advantage by another means? It is therefore better to counter the attack decisively, than to wait for him to come in to make his move, with the risk of being hit. And it is better to break his thrust than to leave him free. We conclude, then, that the skill and confidence goes to the one who knows how to dominate his adversary’s intentions, and chance and surprise to the one who fears the approach of a tip, as if it was invincible. | ||
− | |Ceux qui tiennent | + | |Ceux qui tiennent l’Escrime vulgaire s’estonneront grandement d’un tel precepte. Car porter la teste & le dos vers la pointe de l’Adversaire, durant le temps qu’il est en aćte de tirer son estocade, il leur semblera que ce soit une temerité qui deffie la Nature mesme, laquelle tasche tousiours de se conserver soy mesme, avant que d’offenser le Contraire. Et c’est la raison pouquoy ils s’acoustument quant à eux de fuir l’espee qui vient contre eux, en panchant de la teste & du corps à l’opposite du poinćt qu’elle menace. Pour responce, je confesse, que nos exercises sont direćtement contraires aux leurs, & dis qu’ils font une bien grande faute d’esquiver la poinćte en ceste sorte. Car d’autant plus qu’ils la pensent eviter, en portant la teste hors de presence, dautant plus demeurent ils en danger d’en estre touchez. Et au contraire d’autant plus qu’on s’en approchera, suivant l’instrućtion de ceste & de semblables operations, d’autant plus en sera on asseuré, & entrera on plus avant dedans les perpendiculaires. Car si Alexandre eust voulu eviter la poinćte contraire en se retirant la teste, je vous prie, qu’est ce qui auroit empesché l’espee contraire, qui est libre, de changer le trait, & de poursuivre son advantage en quelque autre sorte? Il vaut mieux doncq de rencontrer le coup avec superiorité, que d’attendre, qu’il vienne & qu’il aille à sa poste, avec hazard d’en recevoir l’atteinte; & mieux vaut le rompre que le laisser libre. Concluons donc, que l’Art & l’asseurance est à celuy qui sçait domter les pretentions de son contraire; le hazard & l’espouvante à celuy, qui redoute la venue d’une pointe, comme si elle estoit invincible. |
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|Alexander follows through and executes his thrust, powering and increasing it by stepping forward with his right foot, putting his whole body weight behind his right hand and his sword. He finally puts his foot down on the Diameter beyond the letter H, shifting the weight of his body to the bent forward knee, while sliding up his opponent’s sword keeping his arm straight until he runs into his opponent’s guard, with such force that that his enemy must bend his arm, let the tip of his sword go up at an obtuse angle as Alexander’s sword goes through his head. | |Alexander follows through and executes his thrust, powering and increasing it by stepping forward with his right foot, putting his whole body weight behind his right hand and his sword. He finally puts his foot down on the Diameter beyond the letter H, shifting the weight of his body to the bent forward knee, while sliding up his opponent’s sword keeping his arm straight until he runs into his opponent’s guard, with such force that that his enemy must bend his arm, let the tip of his sword go up at an obtuse angle as Alexander’s sword goes through his head. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit & execute son estocade, l’augmentant & parachevant avec eslevation & avancemēt du pied droit, ensemble du corps, du bras, & de l’espee; en abaissant finallement le pied sur le diametre outre la lettre H, menant la charge du corps sur le genouil anterieur plié, & graduant cependant la lame contraire avec le bras roide, jusqu’à en rencontrer la garde, avec telle violence, que l’ennemy est forcé, de se courber le bras, laisser aller sa poinćte en angle obtus, & recevoir l’espee de l’Adversaire à travers la teste. |
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|''Zachary advances and again aims a thrust from outside the arm to the face with a bent arm, moving his right foot up to the letter R. Which means Alexander avoids the hit by moving his left side forward, and puts his right foot along the diameter inside the circumference, and, at the same time, crosses the 7th Span of his blade against the 5th or 6th Span of his adversary’s, slides up the blade, lowers the hand, and keeping his elbow close to the side to protect the lower part of his body, he steps forward with his left foot up to the letter I.'' | |''Zachary advances and again aims a thrust from outside the arm to the face with a bent arm, moving his right foot up to the letter R. Which means Alexander avoids the hit by moving his left side forward, and puts his right foot along the diameter inside the circumference, and, at the same time, crosses the 7th Span of his blade against the 5th or 6th Span of his adversary’s, slides up the blade, lowers the hand, and keeping his elbow close to the side to protect the lower part of his body, he steps forward with his left foot up to the letter I.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie s’avance, & luy tire derechef une | + | |''Zacharie s’avance, & luy tire derechef une estocade par de hors le bras devers le visage en ligne courbe, portant le pied droit jusqu’à la lettre R; qui faićt qu’Alexandre esquive le coup en avançant le costé gauche, & posant le pied droit sur le Diametre au dedans de la circonference, & acceuillant au mesme temps du Nombre 7, le 5 ou 6 de l’espee contraire, avec quelque desgraduation, abissement de la main, & le coude affermi contre le flanc, en sorte que la partie inferieure du corps estant affranchie, il fait là dessus son intrade, en allant du pied gauche jusqu’à la lettre I.'' |
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|After the two adversaries have adopted their direct line postures at the First Instance, holding their swords parallel to each other, that of Alexander above the other, Zachary once again tries to thrust from the outside, but this time not with a direct line, as in Circle No 4, because Alexander can block him with a similar direct line, overpowering and wounding him at the same time. Therefore, he prefers to strike with his arm bent, as follows. He first moves forward with a feint of the second type inside the arm, moving both his foot and body, with the sword-arm extended, until the tip reaches about even with his opponent’s wrist. Then, still moving forward, he turns his wrist up, bends his arm, passes the tip below his opponent’s sword, and strikes from outside his opponent’s arm with a powerful thrust to his enemy’s face. His right foot comes down on the Diameter, at the letter R, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and allows the left foot to come up in balance to the letter X. Alexander first prepares against the feint, tensing and straightening up his body, while raising his right foot, and extending his right arm, his sword-tip moving against the side of the feint as shown before (Circle No4). He waits in this superior position, a universally applicable response, for any machination his adversary may try following this feint, either continuing the same movement, or making some change through a circular disengagement, or yet something of another sort, as may be. He determines his adversary’s intent, from the first motion of the change by the turning of his shoulder and his arm, and before the tip can even pass the level of his elbow, he clearly sees that it is aimed towards his face in a bent line. In one motion, he avoids this blow by moving his head away out of range by turning and moving his left side forward which he does by setting his right foot, which is raised, on the Diameter just inside the circumference, making contact at the 5th or 6th Span of his opponent’s blade with the 7th Span of his own, and against this sliding the point of contact slightly down with a lowering of his hand and pressing his elbow against his right side to protect against any cuts. He continues the left-forward motion with a circular step with his left foot up to the letter I (at the crossing of the Interior Collaterals and the Oblique Diameter), bending his knee and shifting his weight onto it, while subjugating his opponent’s sword, exactly as shown by the figures in the image. | |After the two adversaries have adopted their direct line postures at the First Instance, holding their swords parallel to each other, that of Alexander above the other, Zachary once again tries to thrust from the outside, but this time not with a direct line, as in Circle No 4, because Alexander can block him with a similar direct line, overpowering and wounding him at the same time. Therefore, he prefers to strike with his arm bent, as follows. He first moves forward with a feint of the second type inside the arm, moving both his foot and body, with the sword-arm extended, until the tip reaches about even with his opponent’s wrist. Then, still moving forward, he turns his wrist up, bends his arm, passes the tip below his opponent’s sword, and strikes from outside his opponent’s arm with a powerful thrust to his enemy’s face. His right foot comes down on the Diameter, at the letter R, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and allows the left foot to come up in balance to the letter X. Alexander first prepares against the feint, tensing and straightening up his body, while raising his right foot, and extending his right arm, his sword-tip moving against the side of the feint as shown before (Circle No4). He waits in this superior position, a universally applicable response, for any machination his adversary may try following this feint, either continuing the same movement, or making some change through a circular disengagement, or yet something of another sort, as may be. He determines his adversary’s intent, from the first motion of the change by the turning of his shoulder and his arm, and before the tip can even pass the level of his elbow, he clearly sees that it is aimed towards his face in a bent line. In one motion, he avoids this blow by moving his head away out of range by turning and moving his left side forward which he does by setting his right foot, which is raised, on the Diameter just inside the circumference, making contact at the 5th or 6th Span of his opponent’s blade with the 7th Span of his own, and against this sliding the point of contact slightly down with a lowering of his hand and pressing his elbow against his right side to protect against any cuts. He continues the left-forward motion with a circular step with his left foot up to the letter I (at the crossing of the Interior Collaterals and the Oblique Diameter), bending his knee and shifting his weight onto it, while subjugating his opponent’s sword, exactly as shown by the figures in the image. | ||
− | |Apres que les deux Contraires ont | + | |Apres que les deux Contraires ont esté plantez à la Premiere Instance en postures de la droite ligne, tenants les espees paralleles l’une à l’autre, celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> dessus & l’autre dessous; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> entreprend de luy tirer derechef une estocade en dehors du bras, non toutesfois en ligne droite, comme au Cercle N.4. à cause qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre la luy avoit rencontrée avec pareille ligne droite; domté, & blessé au mesme temps; dont il aime mieux de luy porter le coup avec le bras courbé, en la maniere suivante. Il s’advance premierement avec une feinte de la seconde espece en dedans du bras, portant egalement le pied & le corps avec le bras estendu, jusques à tant que sa poinćte arrive alendroit du poignet de la main contraire; & puis en continuant encor le mesme advancement, il la repasse par dessous, & en tir en dehors du bras avec pleine force une estocade, au visage de l’Ennemi en ligne courbe; posant le pied droit sure le Diametre à la lettre R, en accommodant le corps en avant sur le genouil de la jambe droite, & laissant trainer le pied gauche proportionnellement derriere jusqu’à la lettre X. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se prepare premierement cōtre la feinte, s’avivant & estendant au mesme temps le corps avec eslevation du pied droit, en estendāt le bras avec l’espee, la poinćte dressée contrement du costé de la feinte, comme il à esté monstré cy dessus; en attendant avec ceste superiorité, comme avec un remede universel, tout ce que l’Adversaire luy peut machiner en suite de la feinte, soit en continuant le trait encommencé, ou en usant de quelque changement par maniere de cavation, ou de quelque autre sorte, que ce puisse estre. S’appercevant donc au premiere trait du changemēt, de l’intention de son Adversaire, par le torsement de l’espaule & du bras d’iceluy; avant que la pointe luy passe l’endroit du coude, il voit clairemēt, qu’elle est dressé devers son visage en ligne courbe: à l’occasion dequoy il esquive le coup en ostant sa teste hors de presence, par le moien d’un tournoyement & avancement du costé gauche qu’il veut faire en posant le pied droit, à present eslevé, sur le Diametre au dedans de la Circonference, en acceuillant au mesme temps avec le Nombre 7. de sa lame dressée contremont le 5. ou 6. de l’espee contraire, sur laquelle il fait quelqeu petite desgraduation avec quelque abaissement de la main, s’affermissant le coude contre le flanc, pour la defense de la partie inferieure du corps; & continuant à se tourner & avancer sur le mesme pied circulairemēt le costé gauche, jusqu’à en poser le pied à la lettre I. par deçà le Diametre, pliant le genouil & accommodant le corps dessus, en assujettant l’espee contraire; le tout en conformité de ce qui est representé par les figures. |
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|''Alexander raises his left foot, and driving his adversary’s blade down and away from his own, leans slightly backwards to his starting point, then advancing with the same foot, he inserts the tip of his sword into his opponent’s right armpit.'' | |''Alexander raises his left foot, and driving his adversary’s blade down and away from his own, leans slightly backwards to his starting point, then advancing with the same foot, he inserts the tip of his sword into his opponent’s right armpit.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre eslevant le pied gauche, & amortissant la lame contraire en oste la sienne, se panchant un peu du dos a l’envers & derechef en revenant d’ou il estoit parti & avançant le mesme pied, il luy assene la pointe au costé droit dessous le bras.'' |
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|This Circle continues from the preceeding one. Zachary has barely finished the motion of his failed thrust, but Alexander takes advantage of the situation. Raising his left foot while, at the same time, giving his opponent’s blade a push, both to desensitize him to the motion and pull his own sword from on top, he moves the tip in a circular motion up, around his opponent’s arm, and down, and while keeping his elbow against his side, moving the guard close in to his stomach, his back turned slightly away. Then, straightening again, he hits at the same instant that he puts his foot down at the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, allowing his right foot to come up as far as needed to be comfortably balanced and to reach the right side of his enemy, underneath the arm, as shown in the figure. | |This Circle continues from the preceeding one. Zachary has barely finished the motion of his failed thrust, but Alexander takes advantage of the situation. Raising his left foot while, at the same time, giving his opponent’s blade a push, both to desensitize him to the motion and pull his own sword from on top, he moves the tip in a circular motion up, around his opponent’s arm, and down, and while keeping his elbow against his side, moving the guard close in to his stomach, his back turned slightly away. Then, straightening again, he hits at the same instant that he puts his foot down at the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, allowing his right foot to come up as far as needed to be comfortably balanced and to reach the right side of his enemy, underneath the arm, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Ce cercle contient la | + | |Ce cercle contient la poursuite du precedent. Car à peine <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie a il achevé le mouvement de son estocade perdue, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit son advantage; en eslevent le pied gauche avec un petit poussement sur la lame contraire, pour luy troubler le sentiment, & pour en oster par mesme voye la sienne de dessus, en menant la pointe circulairement alentour du bras contraire de haut en bas, & s’assermissant le coude du bras droit contre le costé, avec la garde au devant pres de la poitrine, le dos un peu à l’envers; puis en revenant droit, il donne l’atteinte, & au mesme instant pose le pied sur le Diametre perpendiculaire à la lettre L. trainant consequemment le pied droit derriere, autant qu’il est requis pour remettre le corps à son aise, & pour toucher au costé droit de l’Ennemi dessoubs le bras, comme il est pourtrait en la figure. |
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|''Execution of the final part of the preceeding thrust, with all the force possible from the arm and body, with certain particularities that must be observed.'' | |''Execution of the final part of the preceeding thrust, with all the force possible from the arm and body, with certain particularities that must be observed.'' | ||
− | |''Finale execution de | + | |''Finale execution de l’estocade precedente, assistée de toutes les forces du bras & du corps, avec les particularitez qu’il y faut observer.'' |
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|To exploit the execution of the final part of this wounding, he moves his body forward, extending his arm with his sword, stepping wih his left foot up to the letter Q, drawing the other along up to the letter H intending to pass right through the body. This is clearly shown in the figure. | |To exploit the execution of the final part of this wounding, he moves his body forward, extending his arm with his sword, stepping wih his left foot up to the letter Q, drawing the other along up to the letter H intending to pass right through the body. This is clearly shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Pour exploiter la finale execution de | + | |Pour exploiter la finale execution de ceste blessure, il s’avāce le corps, avec le bras & l’espee estendue, portant le pied gauche jusqu’à la lettre Q. en traināt l’autre apres jusques à la lettre H. poursuivant à luy passer le corps tout outre. Le tout se voit clairement en la figure. |
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|We have divided the operation shown in Circles 7 & 8 into two beats, to help students. Those who are more advanced, can accomplish this in one beat, since they only need to put their left foot down once. What is more, there is a means of shortening the time even more, with an extra step: that is, when one subjugates the opponent’s sword, as described in Circle No 6, one steps forward with the right foot up to the letter E, a bit beside the Diameter line, or even more, and, as following through, while turning the left side of his body forward, he drops the contact with his opponents blade the same way as in Circle No 7, only putting his left foot down at the instant his tip makes contact with his opponent’s armpit, then following through in the same way as before. | |We have divided the operation shown in Circles 7 & 8 into two beats, to help students. Those who are more advanced, can accomplish this in one beat, since they only need to put their left foot down once. What is more, there is a means of shortening the time even more, with an extra step: that is, when one subjugates the opponent’s sword, as described in Circle No 6, one steps forward with the right foot up to the letter E, a bit beside the Diameter line, or even more, and, as following through, while turning the left side of his body forward, he drops the contact with his opponents blade the same way as in Circle No 7, only putting his left foot down at the instant his tip makes contact with his opponent’s armpit, then following through in the same way as before. | ||
− | |Nous avons | + | |Nous avons divisé ceste operation des Cercles N.7. & 8. en deux temps, en faveur des diciples. Car ceux qui seront plus avancez, la pourront accomplir en un, n’ayans besoing de mettre le pied gauche en terre, sinon une fois tant seulement. Qui plus est, il y aura moyen d’en abbreger le temps encores d’avantage, avec l’execution annexee: c’est qu’en assujettissant l’espee du Contraire, en la maniere descrite au Cercle N. 6. on entre du pied droit jusques à la lettre E. un peu par deça le Diametre, ou mesmes plus outre: & puis en poursuivant tourner le costé gauche en devant, destachant les espees en la mesme façon comme au Cercle 7. sans toutefois abaisser le pied gauche à terre, sinon au mesme instant qu’on le touche dessoubs le bras, poursuivant au reste l’execution en la mesme sorte, que dessus. |
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|Note that we presume, in Circle 6, that Zachary has made his thrust with full intent to harm, which is the real situation that prompts the first contact, the continuation, and final execution of the thrusts shown in Circles 6, 7 , and 8. But let us suppose he has not made this thrust with resolute determination, that he moves his tip a little slower, or that he does not move his body forward as much as a determined thrust requires, moving his right foot forward only as far as the letter V. What is the solution? Because if one tried to turn the left side forward and try to subjugate his sword as shown in Circle 6 would be very dangerous, because Zachary can still change his actions and make a circular disengage to wound Alexander inside the arm. Which would be impossible if he were fully committed to the outside thrust. The difference between these two attacks is what Alexander must learn to distinguish, through his adversary’s preparations, and initial motions whether he is attacking with intent, or reserved. Having recognized this, he moves his right foot forward beside the Diameter to about the letter E, closing his elbow by his side as he his body moves forward, and, with a slight drop of the hand and wrist movement, aims his raised tip towards his adversary’s sword, to be able to turn his adversary’s point aside, whether the blades are in contact or not. He is careful not to move his left foot forward, but keeps it slightly raised behind or to the side, and if his enemy continues with his initial movement, he will also continue with his left foot, more slowly than before, in order to maintain the correct amount of contact, to be able to work confidently against any disengagements his enemy might make. These must be met by the strong of his blade going against the weak of his opponent's, and then giving a hit to the face when stepping forward with the left foot. This will be fully explained in the appropriate chapter. So, having prepared, it sometimes happens that the swords touch, and sometimes not, or at least much later than they should. In the first case, you already know what to do, to move in relatively slowly with the left side and foot, maintaining the sensibility of the contact. In the second case, when the opponent does not touch your blade, it is absolutely certain he does not intent to wound you with his bent-arm attack, that he is only pretending to in order to get you to move your sword aside, away from defending the centre line, so he can more easily disengage around your arm. To prevent this, you must take advantage of this feint, by leaning further forward while lowering your hand and guard, catch the weak of his blade, at the 3rd, 4th, or 5th Span, with the strong of your blade as he moves upward from beneath your blade. Continue to move up his blade, aiming the tip of your sword towards his face to wound him following along the line of the blade, stepping forward with the left foot beyond the perpendicular diameter, if he is not fast enough with his disengagement. If he does it at all, considering that he can do this only with a circular motion. | |Note that we presume, in Circle 6, that Zachary has made his thrust with full intent to harm, which is the real situation that prompts the first contact, the continuation, and final execution of the thrusts shown in Circles 6, 7 , and 8. But let us suppose he has not made this thrust with resolute determination, that he moves his tip a little slower, or that he does not move his body forward as much as a determined thrust requires, moving his right foot forward only as far as the letter V. What is the solution? Because if one tried to turn the left side forward and try to subjugate his sword as shown in Circle 6 would be very dangerous, because Zachary can still change his actions and make a circular disengage to wound Alexander inside the arm. Which would be impossible if he were fully committed to the outside thrust. The difference between these two attacks is what Alexander must learn to distinguish, through his adversary’s preparations, and initial motions whether he is attacking with intent, or reserved. Having recognized this, he moves his right foot forward beside the Diameter to about the letter E, closing his elbow by his side as he his body moves forward, and, with a slight drop of the hand and wrist movement, aims his raised tip towards his adversary’s sword, to be able to turn his adversary’s point aside, whether the blades are in contact or not. He is careful not to move his left foot forward, but keeps it slightly raised behind or to the side, and if his enemy continues with his initial movement, he will also continue with his left foot, more slowly than before, in order to maintain the correct amount of contact, to be able to work confidently against any disengagements his enemy might make. These must be met by the strong of his blade going against the weak of his opponent's, and then giving a hit to the face when stepping forward with the left foot. This will be fully explained in the appropriate chapter. So, having prepared, it sometimes happens that the swords touch, and sometimes not, or at least much later than they should. In the first case, you already know what to do, to move in relatively slowly with the left side and foot, maintaining the sensibility of the contact. In the second case, when the opponent does not touch your blade, it is absolutely certain he does not intent to wound you with his bent-arm attack, that he is only pretending to in order to get you to move your sword aside, away from defending the centre line, so he can more easily disengage around your arm. To prevent this, you must take advantage of this feint, by leaning further forward while lowering your hand and guard, catch the weak of his blade, at the 3rd, 4th, or 5th Span, with the strong of your blade as he moves upward from beneath your blade. Continue to move up his blade, aiming the tip of your sword towards his face to wound him following along the line of the blade, stepping forward with the left foot beyond the perpendicular diameter, if he is not fast enough with his disengagement. If he does it at all, considering that he can do this only with a circular motion. | ||
− | |Or notez que on | + | |Or notez que on presuppose au Cercle 6. que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait tiré son estocade avec pleine resolution, qui est la vraye occasion, de laquelle ceste rencontre, continuation, & execution des susdites Cercles 6. 7. 8. depend. Mais posé le cas, qu’il ne tirast pas avec ceste resolution & hardiesse, ains qu’il portast sa pointe plus lentemēt, ou qu’il n’avançast pas le corps, tant que la proportion d’une estocade resolue demande, n’entrant du pied droit que jusqu’à la lettre V. peu plus ou moins. Quel remede? Car de vouloir icy tourner le costé senestre devant, & assujettir sa lame à la mode du Cercle 6. c’est chose tresdangereuse: pource qu’il s’est reservé de pouvoir changer l’operation encommencée, & de faire la cavation pour blesser au dedans du bras: ce qui luy seroit impossible s’il estoit en aćte de tirer avec resolution. La rencontre, c’est qu’il faut qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre sache distinguer, par les commencemens & preparations des mouvemens du contraire, s’il tire avec resolution, ou avec reserve. Et l’ayant recognu, qu’il entre du pied droit environ la lettre E. par deça le Diametre, en s’affermissant le coude du bras droit contre le costé, avec avancement du corps, & quelque petite descente de la main, & accomodation du poignet, par laquelle il dressera sa pointe contremont devers l’espee contraire, pour en destourner la poinćte au temps convenable, soit que les lames s’entretouchent, ou non: se gardant cependant d’avancer le pied gauche, mais qu’il le tienne en l’air derriere ou à costé, & si l’Ennemi continue son premier mouvement, il continuera aussi à l’egal d’entrer du pied gauche, plustost lentement qu’autrement, afin de retenir le sentiment juste, pour travailler avec plus d’asseurance sure les cavations qu’on luy pourroit faire; lesquelles il faudra rencōtrer en accueillant le foible de l’espee contraire du sort de la sienne, & luy donner le coup au visage avec avancemēt du mesme pied gauche: ainsi qu’il sera descript plus particulierement en son lieu. Or en faisant ceste preparation, il advient aucunefois que les espees s’entretouchent, & aucunefois point, ou pour le moins plus tard, qu’elles ne devroyent. Quand la premiere occurrence se presentera, vous avez desia vostre instrućtion, d’entrer lentement avec le costé, & le pied gauche, moyennant l’asseurance du sentiment: Quand la seconde se presente; & que l’adversaire ne touche pas vostre lame, c’est un argument infallible, qu’il n’a pas intention de blesser avec sa courbe; ains seulement d’en faire le sembāt, pour faire sortir vostre espee hors du centre de sa defense, afin de se servir en apres de la cavation avec plus d’apparence. Pour y obvier, il faut que vous prenniez sur ceste feinte un nouvel amendement de vostre avantage; en augmentant le panchement du corps en avant, ensemble avec la descente de la main & de la garde, en dressant la pointe en haut devers son visage pour le blesser suivant le fil de sa lame, s’il ne fait assez tost la cavation. Et s’il la fait, considerant qu’il ne la peut faire autre, que circulairement; vous accueillirez du fort de vostre espee le foible de la sienne, Nombre 3, 4, ou 5, cependant qu’elle montera de dessous vostre garde en haut: & continuerez à la graduer, & à le blesser au visage, en avançant le costé gauche, & entrant avec le mesme pied dedans ses perpendiculaires. |
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|''Alexander is waiting in the Direct Line posture, Zacharie tries a thrust to the stomach, with the intention of stepping with his right foot up to the letter R, but Alexander prevents him, turning his right side away with his arm still fully extended and forward to give a hit on Zachary’s own right shoulder, which forces him to shorten his pace and set his foot down on the Diameter at the letter V.'' | |''Alexander is waiting in the Direct Line posture, Zacharie tries a thrust to the stomach, with the intention of stepping with his right foot up to the letter R, but Alexander prevents him, turning his right side away with his arm still fully extended and forward to give a hit on Zachary’s own right shoulder, which forces him to shorten his pace and set his foot down on the Diameter at the letter V.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre estant planté en droite ligne, Zacharie luy va tirer un coup d’estocade devers le ventre, en avançant le corps avec intention de porter le pied droit jusques à la lettre R. mais comme Alexandre le previent, en destournant le costé droit avec le mesme bras estendu & avancé, & luy donne l’atteinte en l’espaule droite à luy mesme, il est retenu en arriere & contraint de raccourcir le pas à lettre V sur le Diametre.'' |
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|After having taken a look at the thrusts to Alexander’s face that Zachary might make, to the inside and outside of the sword, it is a good idea to likewise add the thrusts that he could also make towards the stomach, beneath the arm, so that by these proofs one can properly judge the superiority of the direct line posture, which he has, once again, adopted in Circle No 9, on the ordinary lines of the Quadrangle A-C. Zachary has likewise approached, by adopting the direct line posture, setting his blade parallel to and beneath the other, in the usual way of our style. Or, he may have approached up to the First Instance in the old style, with his body bent over. Having arrived there, he strikes outside with a feint of the second type, reaching to the wrist, and moves in closer. Continuing the same advance, he swiftly drops his tip with a circular motion, keeping his arm straight. He advances as he does this, intending to put his foot as far forward as the letter R along the Diameter, and at the same time he aims the tip of his sword at the lower part of his enemy’s body. These are the actions and intentions of the assailant. The instructions for the defender follows. Alexander first responded to the feint. He tensed his body, raised his right heel up, and began working with his sword, as has been described, above. He recognises, as his opponent begins to make the second part of the movement, that his opponent is going to wound him in the stomach or in the right side and as he does this his opponent lowers his arm and sword, so much that he leaves his right shoulder uncovered. At the same time, Alexander turns his right side outwards, withdrawing his right hip, points his feet forward and moves the upper part of his torso forward by leaning his upper body while holding his sword out straight in front, so that he hits his opponent in the right shoulder, which is the closest part of his body, and by this hit, he forces him to shorten his step, putting his foot down at about the letter V, rather than the letter R, as he intended. | |After having taken a look at the thrusts to Alexander’s face that Zachary might make, to the inside and outside of the sword, it is a good idea to likewise add the thrusts that he could also make towards the stomach, beneath the arm, so that by these proofs one can properly judge the superiority of the direct line posture, which he has, once again, adopted in Circle No 9, on the ordinary lines of the Quadrangle A-C. Zachary has likewise approached, by adopting the direct line posture, setting his blade parallel to and beneath the other, in the usual way of our style. Or, he may have approached up to the First Instance in the old style, with his body bent over. Having arrived there, he strikes outside with a feint of the second type, reaching to the wrist, and moves in closer. Continuing the same advance, he swiftly drops his tip with a circular motion, keeping his arm straight. He advances as he does this, intending to put his foot as far forward as the letter R along the Diameter, and at the same time he aims the tip of his sword at the lower part of his enemy’s body. These are the actions and intentions of the assailant. The instructions for the defender follows. Alexander first responded to the feint. He tensed his body, raised his right heel up, and began working with his sword, as has been described, above. He recognises, as his opponent begins to make the second part of the movement, that his opponent is going to wound him in the stomach or in the right side and as he does this his opponent lowers his arm and sword, so much that he leaves his right shoulder uncovered. At the same time, Alexander turns his right side outwards, withdrawing his right hip, points his feet forward and moves the upper part of his torso forward by leaning his upper body while holding his sword out straight in front, so that he hits his opponent in the right shoulder, which is the closest part of his body, and by this hit, he forces him to shorten his step, putting his foot down at about the letter V, rather than the letter R, as he intended. | ||
− | |Apres avoir | + | |Apres avoir proposé les estocades, qui pourroyent estre tirées par Zacharie en dehors & en dedans l’espee vers le visage d’Alexandre, il sera bon d’y adjouster pareillemēt celles qu’il pourroit tirer vers le ventre au dessoubs des armes, afin que par ces preuves on puisse dignement juger de l’excellence de la droite ligne, en laquelle il s’est derechef arresté en ce Cercle 9. sur les lignes ordinaires du quadrangle AC. Zacharie l’est pareillement venu aborder avec la mesme droite ligne, en asseoyant sa lame parallele au dessous de l’autre, suivant l’ordinaire de nostre style: ou bien il est venu à la premiere Instance avec le corps courbé, selon la coustume ancienne; & y estant arrivé, il à tiré par dehors une feinte de la seconde espece jusqu’au poignet de la main contraire, en levant le pied droit, & commençant à s’avancer: puis continuant le mesme avancement, il à rabaissé sa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide, & avec grande vistesse; avançant quand & quand le corps d’avantage, en intention de porter le pied jusques à la lettre R. sur le Diametre, & d’assener au mesme temps le coup de sa pointe en la partie inferieure du corps de son Ennemi. Voilà les aćtions, & l’intention de l’assaillant. S’ensuit l’instrućtion pour le defendant. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> à fait premierement sa preparation contre la feinte; s’avivant le corps, avec eslevation du talon du pied droit, & travaillant de l’espee, selon ce qui a esté dit plus particulierement cy dessus. Puis recognoissant au second mouvement le changement, que l’Adversaire commence, pour le blesser au ventre, ou au costé droit du corps; & que pour ce faire, il s’abaisse le bras & l’espee, tant qu’il se descouvre luy mesme l’espaule droite; il se destourne à mesme temps le costé droit en dehors avec les pointes des deux pieds devant, & avance la partie superieure du corps en la panchant avec le bras estendu, de sorte qu’il luy donne l’atteinte en l’espaule droite, qui est le plus prochain endroit de lattouchement, le prenant & prevenant par ceste rencontre, en sorte qu’il le contraint de raccourcir le pas, & abaisser le pied environ la lettre V. au lieu de l’avancer jusques à R. comme il avoit desseing. |
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|To clarify: Alexander must hit at the same instant that Zachary begins to lower his tip, while his body can still be held back, and before he has taken his large step. As long as Alexander knows how to adjust and use the time he has, he will wound him without moving from his place, doing nothing other than tuning his body, keeping his feet still, as we have described, which he can most certainly do as much as the adversary’s tip will, of its own accord, move away from the closest point of contact, and it will be held even further back because of the impediment of the counter-thrust, which stops the person from continuing the step he intended to make. | |To clarify: Alexander must hit at the same instant that Zachary begins to lower his tip, while his body can still be held back, and before he has taken his large step. As long as Alexander knows how to adjust and use the time he has, he will wound him without moving from his place, doing nothing other than tuning his body, keeping his feet still, as we have described, which he can most certainly do as much as the adversary’s tip will, of its own accord, move away from the closest point of contact, and it will be held even further back because of the impediment of the counter-thrust, which stops the person from continuing the step he intended to make. | ||
− | |Pour en parler plus clairement; il faut que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre luy donne l’atteinte, au | + | |Pour en parler plus clairement; il faut que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre luy donne l’atteinte, au mesme instant, que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie commence à abaisser sa pointe, durant que son corps est encor capable d’estre retenu en arriere, & avant qu’il ait prins une grande course. Car moyennant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre sache bien prendre & adjuster ce temps, il le blessera sans bouger de sa place, ne faisant autre chose, que tourner en peu le corps, par le moyen des pieds, ainsi que nous venons de descrire. ce qu’il pourra faire asseurement pour autant que la pointe contraire s’est esloingnee d’elle mesme du plus prochain point de l’attouchement, & qu’elle est retenue encor outre cela en arriere par l’obstacle de l’estocade, arrestant la personne environ le milieu du chemin qu’elle avoit pensé de faire. |
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|But let’s suppose, either by his opponent’s speed, or because Alexander is inadvertently slow, that Zachary is now so far forward that there is no longer any means of stopping him, or breaking his step. In this case, it is not advisable for Alexandre to try to reach him with a simple twist of the body. So he must, at the same time, take a small backwards step, out of fear that the adversary’s sword-tip (which is nearby, is free to move, approaching, and cannot be stopped by a straight line counter-thrust) will wound him at the same instant, or just afterwards. In this case, he must draw his feet backwards a little bit, about as much as his adversary’s approach, so that there is no part of his body is left where Zachary intends to strike, or, if Zachary wants to reach even further, he will be forced to make extremely long moves, and to unbalance himself so that he cannot recover quickly, in which case he should meet him at this point, when he is weakest, when he has abandoned himself to the mercy of his adversary, having abandoned his position of superiority in such a way that one can easily use the direct line to hit the nearest open target, as long as one leans a little forward. To accomplish this, being in the Instance is very advantageous for Alexander, because he attacks from the direct line posture, which has the longest range, by leaning his upper body forwards, while withdrawing the lower part, which is where his adversary aimed the tip of his sword, and his enemy has moved himself off of the dirct line by attacking downwards at an acute angle. Finally, which is very important, Alexander works from a position of superiority, and he can surprise the enemy at the very instant that he has expended all his effort, leaving nothing for his defense. | |But let’s suppose, either by his opponent’s speed, or because Alexander is inadvertently slow, that Zachary is now so far forward that there is no longer any means of stopping him, or breaking his step. In this case, it is not advisable for Alexandre to try to reach him with a simple twist of the body. So he must, at the same time, take a small backwards step, out of fear that the adversary’s sword-tip (which is nearby, is free to move, approaching, and cannot be stopped by a straight line counter-thrust) will wound him at the same instant, or just afterwards. In this case, he must draw his feet backwards a little bit, about as much as his adversary’s approach, so that there is no part of his body is left where Zachary intends to strike, or, if Zachary wants to reach even further, he will be forced to make extremely long moves, and to unbalance himself so that he cannot recover quickly, in which case he should meet him at this point, when he is weakest, when he has abandoned himself to the mercy of his adversary, having abandoned his position of superiority in such a way that one can easily use the direct line to hit the nearest open target, as long as one leans a little forward. To accomplish this, being in the Instance is very advantageous for Alexander, because he attacks from the direct line posture, which has the longest range, by leaning his upper body forwards, while withdrawing the lower part, which is where his adversary aimed the tip of his sword, and his enemy has moved himself off of the dirct line by attacking downwards at an acute angle. Finally, which is very important, Alexander works from a position of superiority, and he can surprise the enemy at the very instant that he has expended all his effort, leaving nothing for his defense. | ||
− | |Mais | + | |Mais posons le cas, que par sa vistesse, ou par l’inadvertance d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, il soit venu si avant qu’il n’y ait plus de moyen de l’arrester, ou de luy rompre le pas. En ceste occasion il n’est pas loisible à <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre de l’attendre avec un simple tournement du corps; ais il est contraint de se servir quand & quand d’une petite retirade; de peur que la pointe contraire, (que est en presence, & libre, & en aćte d’approcher, ni ne peut estre arrestée par l’estocade de la droite ligne) ne le blesse au mesme instant, ou bien peu apres. Il faut donc en ce cas qu’il retire les pieds un peu en arriere, plus ou moins à l’advenant de l’approchement de l’Adversaire, afin qu’il ny ait point de corps au lieu qu’il pretend de frapper, ou s’il veut poursuivre sa poinćte plus avāt, qu’il soit contraint à faire des mouvements extremes, & à tresbucher du corps, dequoy il ne se peut redresser à temps, si on advise bien de l’accueillir durant le mesme affoiblissement, au quel il s’est comme abandonné à la mercy de l’Adversaire, luy quittant tout l’advantage de la superiorité. en sorte qu’on le peut aisement toucher en droit ligne au plus prochan lieu descouvert, moyennāt qu’on se panche un peu sur le devant. Or pour ce faire les Instances sont grandement advantageuses pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, par ce qu’il travaille avec la droite ligne, qui est la plus longue mesure, avec panchement de la partie superieure du corps, en ayant en outre retiré la partie inferieure où l’Adversaire avoit dressé sa poinćte, & que l’ennemi s’est esloigné de luy mesme de la droite ligne, en tirāt le coup vers le bas en angle aigu: & finalement, ce qui importe beaucoup, qu’il travaille avec superiorité, & qu’il surprend l’Ennemy à l’instant qu’il n’a plus nulle reserve de force pour sa defense. |
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|An observation, at all times, when performing this, take care that you do not withdraw your foot too early, and so allow your adversary come halfway to the next Instance, and so he will continue to press his point even more forcefully, encouraged to expect that it will succeed, which will leave your arms and legs vulnerable to attack. Because otherwise if he has time to observe your change of position, he will likewise change his position in response against it, either by making a circular disengage, or attacking your sword, or moving out of range. Thus, a retreat made too soon will alert him, to his advantage. | |An observation, at all times, when performing this, take care that you do not withdraw your foot too early, and so allow your adversary come halfway to the next Instance, and so he will continue to press his point even more forcefully, encouraged to expect that it will succeed, which will leave your arms and legs vulnerable to attack. Because otherwise if he has time to observe your change of position, he will likewise change his position in response against it, either by making a circular disengage, or attacking your sword, or moving out of range. Thus, a retreat made too soon will alert him, to his advantage. | ||
− | |Toutesfois pour pratiquer | + | |Toutesfois pour pratiquer cest observation prenez bien garde, que vous ne faciez pas la retirade du pied avant qu’il soit temps, ains que vous laissiez venir l’Adversaire jusqu’à la moitié de l’Instance, afin qu’il continue plus furieusement à poursuivre sa poinćte, en esperance, & avec apparence de la mettre à execution; ce qui luy sera faire des extremitez à luy prejudiciables. Car autrement s’il advise à temps du changement, que vous faites, il changera pareillement alencontre, soit en usant de cavation, ou en affrontant les espees, ou en rompant la mesure; de façon, que la retraite, qui sera faite avant le temps, luy servira d’un advertissement pour son advantage. |
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|There is one more point to make in the explanation of Circle No 9, that is, for one who would make such a thrust, with the tip aimed acutely downwards at his adversary’s chest or shoulder, he take care not to put himself in the inevitable danger of receiving a similar thrust to the stomach, because, it seems, that such a thrust will do nothing in the world to stop his opponent’s body, if he was not moving forward without a pause. I submit the response to this in the description of the following circle, where it shall be self-evident. | |There is one more point to make in the explanation of Circle No 9, that is, for one who would make such a thrust, with the tip aimed acutely downwards at his adversary’s chest or shoulder, he take care not to put himself in the inevitable danger of receiving a similar thrust to the stomach, because, it seems, that such a thrust will do nothing in the world to stop his opponent’s body, if he was not moving forward without a pause. I submit the response to this in the description of the following circle, where it shall be self-evident. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il reste encor une autre demande pour la declaration de ce Cercle 9. assavoir, si celuy qui donneroit un tel coup d’estocade, avec une poinćte aigue en la poitrine, ou en l’espaule de sa partie adverse, ne se metteroit pas en danger inevitable de recevoir la pareille au ventre, à cause qu’il semble qu’une poinćte aigue ne pourroit en rien du monde arrester le corps contraire, qu’il ne s’avançast plus outre, sans null pause. I’en remets la responce à la description de l’execution qui s’ensuit; où elle sera evidente d’elle mesme. |
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|Because Alexander leaned the upper part of his body forward to hit, it follows that his arm and hand were lowered by the same degree as a result, and it follows that his guard can contact and block his adversary’s blade, before the tip has time to reach his own body. So that, by the lowering of his arm, that accompanied the forward lean of his torso, he holds the lower blade in subjugation, pushing it further down and away, and what is more, he only gets closer by bending his body further over. Combined with raising his left foot, he enters in against his adversary, stepping forward only with his lower left side, while keeping his right side (which is the target his opponent’s thrust) to the rear. He puts his left foot down at the Letter I, or near there on the Diameter, leaning and moving his right shoulder forward, while keeping his arm straight to force his guard downwards, and moving the contact up his adversary’s blade, until his opponent’s sword tip is almost into the ground, following on by piercing the shoulder and neck of his opponent, in a way that he cannot defend against it. | |Because Alexander leaned the upper part of his body forward to hit, it follows that his arm and hand were lowered by the same degree as a result, and it follows that his guard can contact and block his adversary’s blade, before the tip has time to reach his own body. So that, by the lowering of his arm, that accompanied the forward lean of his torso, he holds the lower blade in subjugation, pushing it further down and away, and what is more, he only gets closer by bending his body further over. Combined with raising his left foot, he enters in against his adversary, stepping forward only with his lower left side, while keeping his right side (which is the target his opponent’s thrust) to the rear. He puts his left foot down at the Letter I, or near there on the Diameter, leaning and moving his right shoulder forward, while keeping his arm straight to force his guard downwards, and moving the contact up his adversary’s blade, until his opponent’s sword tip is almost into the ground, following on by piercing the shoulder and neck of his opponent, in a way that he cannot defend against it. | ||
− | |Puis qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a donné l’atteinte avec panchement du corps, dont la partie | + | |Puis qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a donné l’atteinte avec panchement du corps, dont la partie superieure, le bras, & la main, descendent tout ensemble proportionnellement, il s’ensuit que sa garde viendra toucher & empescher la lame contraire, avant que la poinćte ait le loisir de parvenir jusqu’à son corps: de sorte que par la descente du bras (qui accompagne le panchement de la partie superieure du corps) il tiendra la lame inferieure en subjećtion, l’abaissant plus loing de soy & plustost, qu’il ne s’en approche par la continuation de son panchement encommencé. Ioint aussi qu’en eslevant le pied gauche, il entrera sur sa partie adverse, avec la partie inferieure du costé gauche tant seulement, demeurant cependant le costé droit, (qui est le blanc de l’estocade contraire) en arriere; & plantera le pied en terre au poinćt I ou environ par deça le Diametre, panchant & avançant davantage la partie superieure du costé droit, descendant tousiours sa garde avec le bras estendu sur l’espee contraire, la graduant jusqu’à la garde, de sorte que la poinćte viendra quasi à toucher la terre: poursuivant au reste à percer l’espaule & le col de son Adversaire, de façon qu’il ne luy reste plus aucune defense. |
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|Moreover, it is understood that he will continue and complete this strike by recovering his balance by a step with his right foot, to dominate he enemy still more. This is so very easy that we thought it was enough to mention it, and did not need another figure to illustrate. | |Moreover, it is understood that he will continue and complete this strike by recovering his balance by a step with his right foot, to dominate he enemy still more. This is so very easy that we thought it was enough to mention it, and did not need another figure to illustrate. | ||
− | |Or il s’entend qu’il accomplira la cōtinuation de | + | |Or il s’entend qu’il accomplira la cōtinuation de ceste execution, avec le pied droit pour se redresser, & pour dompter l’ennemy encores davantage: laquelle chose estant tresfacile, il nous semble, que c’est assez d’en avoir donné ce petit advertissement, sans la representer en figure. |
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|''Zachary again aims the same thrust to the lower body, but this time with the guard higher up, to protect his shoulder, from which Alexander turns and draws his right hip backwards, while the upper body leans forward and extends his arm with the sword so as to hit him in the face.'' | |''Zachary again aims the same thrust to the lower body, but this time with the guard higher up, to protect his shoulder, from which Alexander turns and draws his right hip backwards, while the upper body leans forward and extends his arm with the sword so as to hit him in the face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie luy tire encores la | + | |''Zacharie luy tire encores la mesme estocade que dessus, pour le toucher au bas du corps, mais avec la garde un peu plus haute, en sorte qu’il se couvre l’espaule, dont Alexandre se destourne & retire quelque peu le costé droit en arriere, avec la partie superieure du corps panchée en avant, & le bras avec l’espee estendus de façon qu’il le touche au visage.'' |
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|This action begins the same way as the previous one, that is, the two adversaries face each other at the First Instance. Zachary makes a feint to the inside. This was likewise met, as in Circle No 9, but with the difference that the thrust in Circle No 9 was made so low that his shoulder was exposed, so he guards against that this time. So, as he moves his body forward while making a circular disengagement, in order to attack and move his foot forward to the Letter R, he carries his hand a bit higher, so as to cover his shoulder with his guard. Which is why, as soon as Alexander, having made ready by becoming alert and tensing his body, extended his arm and brought the tip of his sword up at an obtuse angle, as fully described in the previous example, percieves the first indication of a move from the feint, at the instant his adversary’s sword begins to drop down to aim the tip at his lower body, he likewise drops his own, bringing the tip, with his arm extended, to about the height of his adversary’s head, again intending to use the direct line posture to wound him in the shoulder. But seeing that his shoulder is covered by the guard, he immediately turns his right side to the outside, so the toes of his feet point forward, he draws his right hip and foot back slightly, leaning further forward with his upper body. This motion brings his arm down at the same time, dropping the guard onto his opponent’s sword. As he continues to lower it further, he is presented with the opportunity to wound him in the face, as is shown in the figure. | |This action begins the same way as the previous one, that is, the two adversaries face each other at the First Instance. Zachary makes a feint to the inside. This was likewise met, as in Circle No 9, but with the difference that the thrust in Circle No 9 was made so low that his shoulder was exposed, so he guards against that this time. So, as he moves his body forward while making a circular disengagement, in order to attack and move his foot forward to the Letter R, he carries his hand a bit higher, so as to cover his shoulder with his guard. Which is why, as soon as Alexander, having made ready by becoming alert and tensing his body, extended his arm and brought the tip of his sword up at an obtuse angle, as fully described in the previous example, percieves the first indication of a move from the feint, at the instant his adversary’s sword begins to drop down to aim the tip at his lower body, he likewise drops his own, bringing the tip, with his arm extended, to about the height of his adversary’s head, again intending to use the direct line posture to wound him in the shoulder. But seeing that his shoulder is covered by the guard, he immediately turns his right side to the outside, so the toes of his feet point forward, he draws his right hip and foot back slightly, leaning further forward with his upper body. This motion brings his arm down at the same time, dropping the guard onto his opponent’s sword. As he continues to lower it further, he is presented with the opportunity to wound him in the face, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Le commencement de | + | |Le commencement de ceste operation est de mesme, que la precedente: assavoir, que les deux contraires estās venus à mesure de la Premiere Instance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> a tiré sur <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> une feinte en dedans du bras: laquelle à pareillement esté recontrée, comme au Cercle 9. mais la difference consiste en l’estocade & en la rencontre a propriée: car l’estocade a esté tirée au dit Cercle 9. en abaissant si avant le bras & l’espee qu’il s’est descouvert luy mesme l’espaule, dont il se garde en ceste operation presente. Car en avançant le corps avec la cavation, pour tirer & marcher du pied droit jusqu’à la lettre R. il porte le bras un peu plus haut, de sorte, qu’il se couvre l’espaule avec sa garde. Parquoy si tost qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit le premier trait du changement de la feinte (ayant preallablement fait sa preparation; ensavivant le corps, eslevant le pied droit, & estendant le bras avec l’espee, la pointe d’icelle en angle obtus, comme il a esté descrit plus amplement en l’operation precedente) à l’instant que l’espee de sa partie commence à descendre, pour luy assener la pointe au bas du corps; il abaisse pareillement la sienne, en conduisant la pointe avec le bras estendu environ la hauteur de la teste de son contraire, pour le blesser derechef avec la droite ligne, en l’esaule. Mais la voyant couverte de la garde, à l’instant il destourne son costé droit un peu en dehors, avec les pointes des deux pieds en devant, & quelque retirade du pied droit, & de a partie inferieure du mesme costé, panchant d’autant plus en avant de la partie superieure. ce qui luy fait descendre au mesme instant le bras, & la garde sur la lame cōtraire; & en continuant à l’abaisse d’avantage, luy preste la commodité de blesser son Contraire au visage: ainsi qu’on voit en la figure. |
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|What we just described, that is, Zachary’s feints that are made in two moves in Circles 9 & 11 and likewise in 12 which follows, are more often made to the inside rather than the outside. This is because they are more advantageous and easier to do this way, and more common amongst those who take shots at the lower part of the body. In any case, if they wish to aim elsewhere, because anyone is free to aim wherever they imagine, there would be no difference in the result, but in Alexander’s preparation, which will always be to seize the upper hand over his opponent’s blade by moving over to the side of the feint. This way he will meet the thrust in the same way, whether it comes from the outside or the inside line. | |What we just described, that is, Zachary’s feints that are made in two moves in Circles 9 & 11 and likewise in 12 which follows, are more often made to the inside rather than the outside. This is because they are more advantageous and easier to do this way, and more common amongst those who take shots at the lower part of the body. In any case, if they wish to aim elsewhere, because anyone is free to aim wherever they imagine, there would be no difference in the result, but in Alexander’s preparation, which will always be to seize the upper hand over his opponent’s blade by moving over to the side of the feint. This way he will meet the thrust in the same way, whether it comes from the outside or the inside line. | ||
− | |Ce que nous avons | + | |Ce que nous avons descrit, que les feintes de Zacharie sont tirées en ces deux operations des Cercles N.9. & 11. & pareillement encor du 12. ensuivant, plustost en dedans du bras, qu’en dehors; c’est pour autant quelles sont plus avantageuses & plus aisées à faire en ceste sorte, & plus communes entre ceux qui portent les bottes en la partie inferieure du corps. Toutesfois s’il les veut tirer autrement, puis qu’il est libre à chascun de faire à sa fantasie, il n’en resourdra autre difference, que de la preparation d’Alexandre, qui prendra tousiours la superiorité des lames du costé de la feinte: car pour rencontrer l’estocade il travaillera tousiours de la mesme sorte, soit qu’elle vienne par dehors, ou par dedans. |
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|One must also be careful in this action and all similar ones, withdraw one’s body and feet away a precise distance from the approaching adversary and the tip of his sword, in accordance with the warnings in Circle 9. | |One must also be careful in this action and all similar ones, withdraw one’s body and feet away a precise distance from the approaching adversary and the tip of his sword, in accordance with the warnings in Circle 9. | ||
− | |Faut | + | |Faut aussi observer en ceste operation, & en toute autre semblable, de mesurer & moderer le retirement du corps & des pieds, à l’advenant de l’approchement du corps & de la pointe Contraire, suivant l’advertissement du Cercle 9. |
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|But as the final action of this hit requires that one add at least one more step beyond what we see demonstrated by the figures, note that when Zachary’s blade ends up below the outside branch of Alexander’s while his guard is above it, then he must step in with his left foot while sliding the contact up the blade as seen in Circle 10. And when it is below [above] the outside branch he must enter in and slide up the blade by stepping forward with his right foot. | |But as the final action of this hit requires that one add at least one more step beyond what we see demonstrated by the figures, note that when Zachary’s blade ends up below the outside branch of Alexander’s while his guard is above it, then he must step in with his left foot while sliding the contact up the blade as seen in Circle 10. And when it is below [above] the outside branch he must enter in and slide up the blade by stepping forward with his right foot. | ||
− | |Mais d’autant que la finale execution de | + | |Mais d’autant que la finale execution de ceste atteinte, requiert quon y adjouste encor un pas par dessus ce qu’on voit en la demonstration des figures, notez, que quand la lame de Zacharie se retrouve dessoubs la branche exterieure d’Alexandre, cependant qu’il tient sa garde dessus, qu’alors il entrera sur luy avec le pied gauche, en luy graduant l’espee, à l’imitation de ce qui est representé au Cercle 10. Et en cas qu’elle se retrouve dessous la branche exterieure, qu’il entrera & fera la graduation en marchant du pied droit devant. |
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|''Zachary once again tries to hit his adversary in the lower body, sword-tip pointing down, with his hand held so high that he protects even his head. So, Alexander allows him to approach, moves the tip of his sword up to his adversary’s head, and realizing that it is protected, he attacks the blade to subjugate it, turning to the right side and at the same time lowering the arm and sword onto his adversary’s blade, moving up it.'' | |''Zachary once again tries to hit his adversary in the lower body, sword-tip pointing down, with his hand held so high that he protects even his head. So, Alexander allows him to approach, moves the tip of his sword up to his adversary’s head, and realizing that it is protected, he attacks the blade to subjugate it, turning to the right side and at the same time lowering the arm and sword onto his adversary’s blade, moving up it.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie tire encor derechef pour toucher | + | |''Zacharie tire encor derechef pour toucher son Contraire au bas du corps, avec la main si haute qu’il s’en couvre mesme la teste, & la pointe basse; dont Alexandre, le laissant approcher, conduit sa pointe à la hauteur de la teste contraire, & la recognoissant estre couverte il travaille sur sa lame pour l’assujettir, en destournant le costé droit du corps, & par mese voye s’abaissant justement le bras & l’espee sur l’espee Contraire, en la desgradant.'' |
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|In this Circle, it is not enough for Zachary, as he makes the same feint to the inside as above, to protect his shoulder as he strikes at his adversary’s right side, he must also raise his guard high enough to cover his head as well. He raised his foot, with a slight forward movement of his body, during his feint. Now he carries on, continuing to move his body forward, aiming to strike with his arm extended, his hand raised high, and his tip low, stepping along the Diameter almost to the centre, drawing his left foot behind him into the circle. | |In this Circle, it is not enough for Zachary, as he makes the same feint to the inside as above, to protect his shoulder as he strikes at his adversary’s right side, he must also raise his guard high enough to cover his head as well. He raised his foot, with a slight forward movement of his body, during his feint. Now he carries on, continuing to move his body forward, aiming to strike with his arm extended, his hand raised high, and his tip low, stepping along the Diameter almost to the centre, drawing his left foot behind him into the circle. | ||
− | |Il ne | + | |Il ne suffit pas à <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> en ce present Cercle, apres avoit fait encor la mesme feinte que dessus, en dedans du bras contraire, de se couvrir l’espaule en tirant le coup d’estocade vers le costé droit de sa partie, si ce n’est qu’il porte la garde de son espee si haute, qu’il s’en couvre aussi toute la teste. Car ayant levé le pied, avec un petit avancement du corps durant la feinte: il poursuit presentement, en continuant ledit avancemēt du corps & du pied, à tirer le coup, avec le bras estendu, la main haute, & la pointe basse, abaissant finalement le pied à terre sur le Diametre bien pres du centre, trainant l’autre derriere jusqu’au dedans du Cercle. |
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|Alexander has prepared against the feint, raising his right foot, straightening his body, extending his arm, and raising the tip, as previously explained in detail. As soon as he can see that his Enemy has begun to drop his blade with his body noticeably leaning forward to hit the lower part of his body, Alexander keeps his arm extended and he moves the tip of his sword up to about the level of his adversary’s head. But as he cannot see any place to hit, because his opponent has covered his head with his guard, and because the tip of his ennemy’s sword is closing with him below, he turns slightly to the outside, points his toes forward towards the Enemy, withdraws his right side, including his sword and arm, back and to the right, lowering his sword and arm by leaning with his torso, crossing his adversary’s sword and sliding up to subjugate it while controlling it by drawing his guard back towards his side as he turns the crosspiece diagonally so the outer branch is upwards. | |Alexander has prepared against the feint, raising his right foot, straightening his body, extending his arm, and raising the tip, as previously explained in detail. As soon as he can see that his Enemy has begun to drop his blade with his body noticeably leaning forward to hit the lower part of his body, Alexander keeps his arm extended and he moves the tip of his sword up to about the level of his adversary’s head. But as he cannot see any place to hit, because his opponent has covered his head with his guard, and because the tip of his ennemy’s sword is closing with him below, he turns slightly to the outside, points his toes forward towards the Enemy, withdraws his right side, including his sword and arm, back and to the right, lowering his sword and arm by leaning with his torso, crossing his adversary’s sword and sliding up to subjugate it while controlling it by drawing his guard back towards his side as he turns the crosspiece diagonally so the outer branch is upwards. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ayant fait | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ayant fait sa preparation contre la feinte, en eslevant le pied droit, & dressant le corps, estendant le bras, & haussant la pointe, en la maniere qu’il est specifié plus amplement és autres operations: dés qu’il remarque, que l’Ennemi commence à descendre sa lame avec un notable approchement du corps, pour frapper en la partie inferieure, laissant le bras estendu, il conduit sa pointe d’en haut jusques environ la hauteur de la teste contraire: mais comme il ne voit point d’apparence de la toucher, à cause qu’elle est converte de la garde, & que la pointe ennemie le vient serrer par en bas, il s’en destourne un peu en dehors dressant les orteils de ses deux pieds en devāt droit devers l’Ennemi, en retirant par ainsi le costé droit, ensemble le bras & l’espee en arriere un peu à costé, les abaissant par le moyen du panchement de la partie superieure, sur l’espee contraire, la croisant & desgraduant pour l’assujettir & domter parfaitment, en retirant le bras avec la garde à son costé, ses branches tournées diagonalement. |
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|The caution, as was explained above, that one must not be hasty and retire backwards too quickly, applies likewise in this present action. Seeing as how one must lean forward and drop the hand and sword much lower than before to subjugate the adversary’s sword. If one moves too early, this means the hand drops quite far down, leaving one uncovered, and with considerable danger from the outside line. Which is why it is necessary to allow the attack to come as close as possible while still being able to step back, in order to encourage him to fully commit to the thrust onto the target, so as to be more assured of meeting his blade at the end of his movement, when he can no longer defend himself against the counter, and he can no longer change his actions. This precept is repeated here, as much as the danger is even greater now than previously, so this warning becomes even more necessary. | |The caution, as was explained above, that one must not be hasty and retire backwards too quickly, applies likewise in this present action. Seeing as how one must lean forward and drop the hand and sword much lower than before to subjugate the adversary’s sword. If one moves too early, this means the hand drops quite far down, leaving one uncovered, and with considerable danger from the outside line. Which is why it is necessary to allow the attack to come as close as possible while still being able to step back, in order to encourage him to fully commit to the thrust onto the target, so as to be more assured of meeting his blade at the end of his movement, when he can no longer defend himself against the counter, and he can no longer change his actions. This precept is repeated here, as much as the danger is even greater now than previously, so this warning becomes even more necessary. | ||
− | |Or comme il a | + | |Or comme il a esté dit cy dessus, qu’il ne se faut pas trop haster de se retirer en arriere, ainsi le faut il pratiquer pareillement en ceste operation presente. Voyant qu’il est icy besoing de pancher du corps en avant, avec un plus grand abaissement du bras & de l’espee qu’auparavāt, pour assujettir la lame contraire: chose qui ne peut estre fait sans descendre assez notablement, & sans se descouvrir avec tresgrand danger en dehors du bras, si on se precipité à le faire devant le temps. Parquoy sera besoin de laisser venir le coup si pres qu’il est possible, pourveu seulement qu’on ne perde pas le moyen de se retirer, afin de luy donner occasion de poursuivre sa pointe, pour l’accueillir asseurement sur la fin du mouvement, quand il n’aura plus de reserve pour sa defense; tant s’en faut qu’il auroit le moyen de faire & executer de nouveaux desseings. Ce precepte vous est repeté en ce lieu cy; d’autant que le danger y estant plus grand qu’au paravant, aussi l’advertissement en estoit plus necessaire. |
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|As to what we have said, that one must dominate and subjugate the adversary’s sword by leaning the body forward as the arm goes downwards, it should not be taken to mean that the arm makes no move on its own to accomplish this downward motion, but only that it will be drawn further down by bending the body, meanwhile only working with a small movement of the wrist, turning the exterior branch of the crosspiece diagonally upward to the side, while the tip traverses over to the left side, to cross, subjugate, and slide the point of contact up the blade, as is shown by the shadows on the ground. Nothing more is needed, to avoid the danger of a disengage, along with any other actions that he might try to change the position. Because by observing this, as soon as the enemy begins to do anything, the arm is already free, and able to do whatever work it must to defend and attack. Which could not be, if it were already going down. Because it is impossible to raise up and to lower at the same time, nor to accomplish a two-beat move in one instant. This admonishment will be very useful on several occasions, and so it is important to understand this. | |As to what we have said, that one must dominate and subjugate the adversary’s sword by leaning the body forward as the arm goes downwards, it should not be taken to mean that the arm makes no move on its own to accomplish this downward motion, but only that it will be drawn further down by bending the body, meanwhile only working with a small movement of the wrist, turning the exterior branch of the crosspiece diagonally upward to the side, while the tip traverses over to the left side, to cross, subjugate, and slide the point of contact up the blade, as is shown by the shadows on the ground. Nothing more is needed, to avoid the danger of a disengage, along with any other actions that he might try to change the position. Because by observing this, as soon as the enemy begins to do anything, the arm is already free, and able to do whatever work it must to defend and attack. Which could not be, if it were already going down. Because it is impossible to raise up and to lower at the same time, nor to accomplish a two-beat move in one instant. This admonishment will be very useful on several occasions, and so it is important to understand this. | ||
− | |Quant à ce que nous avons dit, qu’il faut domter & | + | |Quant à ce que nous avons dit, qu’il faut domter & assujettir l’espee contraire, en panchant du corps sur le devant avec descente du bras, cela ne se doibt pas entendre en telle sorte, que le bras face aucun mouvement en son particulier pour accomplir la dite descente, ains seulement qu’il soit tiré plus bas par l’accommodation du corps, ne travaillant cependant qu’un bien peu du seul poignet, en tournant la branche exterieure diagonalement en haut vers le costé droit, & la pointe traversée vers le costé gauche, pour croiser, assujettir, & desgraduer, comme il est representé sur le plan du Cercle. Pour eviter le danger de cavation, ensemble avec touts les autres changements qui pourroyent survenir; il n’y a rien si necessaire que ce precepte. Car en l’observant, dés que l’ennemy commence pour peu que ce soit, le bras est desia libre, & disposé à travailler en son particulier pour defendre & pour offenser. Ce qui ne seroit, en cas qu’il fust en aćte de descendre: car il est impossible de le hausser & abaisser tout ensemble, ny d’accomplir deux temps en un mesme instant. Cet advertissement aura fort grand usage en plusieurs occasions; & partant il le faut bien comprendre. |
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|This is the completion and final action from the preceding Circle. Alexander has acquired a great advantage, by subjugating his adversary’s sword, sliding the point of contact along the blade, and turning the outside branch of his crossguard diagonally upwards. At this point, he turns the crossguard back to horizontal and moves his tip towards his adversary’s side, underneath the guard and arm. He moves his entire body, arm, and sword forward, and seizes his adversary’s blade by trapping it with the exterior branch of his crossguard, as he slides up to the hilt, and steps with his right foot up to the letter H, putting his weight on it and drawing his other foot behind, up to the circumference. At the same time, he exploits the strike through his enemy’s body, driving forward, hitting with the guard, and forcing him to bend his arm, almost knocking his opponent’s sword from his hand, leaving his opponent at his mercy, as shown by the figures. | |This is the completion and final action from the preceding Circle. Alexander has acquired a great advantage, by subjugating his adversary’s sword, sliding the point of contact along the blade, and turning the outside branch of his crossguard diagonally upwards. At this point, he turns the crossguard back to horizontal and moves his tip towards his adversary’s side, underneath the guard and arm. He moves his entire body, arm, and sword forward, and seizes his adversary’s blade by trapping it with the exterior branch of his crossguard, as he slides up to the hilt, and steps with his right foot up to the letter H, putting his weight on it and drawing his other foot behind, up to the circumference. At the same time, he exploits the strike through his enemy’s body, driving forward, hitting with the guard, and forcing him to bend his arm, almost knocking his opponent’s sword from his hand, leaving his opponent at his mercy, as shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Cest la poursuite & l’execution du precedent. Car Alexandre s’estant acquis un si grand avantage, comme d’avoir assujetti l’espee contraire, avec desgraduation, & accomodation de la branche exterieure dressée diagonalement en haut: il retourne icy ses branches horizontales, & sa poinćte devers le costé de l’ennemy dessoubs la garde & le bras, s’avançant tout le corps ensemble avec bras & l’espee, & prenant subitement avec sa branche exterieure la lame contraire, en la graduant. & portant le pied droit jusqu’à la lettre H. en menant la charge du corps dessus, & trainant l’autre par terre jusqu’à la circonference; & au mesme temps il exploite le coup de sa poinćte à travers le corps de l’ennemy, si avant qu’il vient choquer sa garde, & le contraint de plier le bras, & de laisser quasi tomber l’espee hors du poing, à la mercy de son Contraire. Comme les figures demonstrent. |
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− | + | | To summarize, these are examples which show the great utility of our First Instance, and of the direct line posture when presented from there. One is fortified against all sorts of feints, and assured against all strikes, whether long and determined, or tentative and slow, high or low, made from a direct line or a bent line, on the inside or outside of the arm, to meet probes in one beat, and attacks in two beats, sometimes with the body erect, sometimes bent slightly forward or backwards, always striking with with small movements, which have more force than they seem, with more audacity and assurance than one thinks possible, quite the reverse of what we see in the usual style. If you were to tell me that there does not appear to be an easy way acquire sufficient skill to use this effectively, I would answer that nothing in life worth having comes without effort. In any case, I have made certain of the well-being of those who have not yet any ability, insofar as they put these precepts to the test. Because, just as gold purified in a furnace acquires greater luster, so with our exercises, that, when looked at closely, examined, attentively inspected, and practiced, with each repetition will appear more elegant and beautiful. When one conducts thorough research into these truths and their meaning, one will see they do not depend in any way on chance. The uncertainty of fortune does not appear anywhere. There is only the rules of science that dominate, in such a perfect way that any amateur who applies himself, will gain courage and confidence in his skill at arms, and the certainty and dexterity in their use which, when lacking, leave him weak and vulnerable. | |
− | |To summarize, these are examples which show the great utility of our First Instance, and of the direct line posture when presented from there. One is fortified against all sorts of feints, and assured against all strikes, whether long and determined, or tentative and slow, high or low, made from a direct line or a bent line, on the inside or outside of the arm, to meet probes in one beat, and attacks in two beats, sometimes with the body erect, sometimes bent slightly forward or backwards, always striking with with small movements, which have more force than they seem, with more audacity and assurance than one thinks possible, quite the reverse of what we see in the usual style. If you were to tell me that there does not appear to be an easy way acquire sufficient skill to use this effectively, I would answer that nothing in life worth having comes without effort. In any case, I have made certain of the well-being of those who have not yet any ability, insofar as they put these precepts to the test. Because, just as gold purified in a furnace acquires greater luster, so with our exercises, that, when looked at closely, examined, attentively inspected, and practiced, with each repetition will appear more elegant and beautiful. When one conducts thorough research into these truths and their meaning, one will see they do not depend in any way on chance. The uncertainty of fortune does not appear anywhere. There is only the rules of science that dominate, in such a perfect way that any amateur who applies himself, will gain courage and confidence in his skill at arms, and the certainty and dexterity in their use which, when lacking, leave him weak and vulnerable. | + | | En fin, voilà les exemples, qui demonstrent le grand usage de nostre Premiere Instance, & de la droite ligne presentée en icelle: fortifiée contre toute sorte de feintes, asseurée contre toutes bottes, tant longues & resolues, que tardives & lentes, hautes, basses, tirées en ligne droite ou courbe, en dehors ou en dedans du bras, pour rencontrer otes en un temps & ores en deux, tantost avec le corps dressé, tantost un peu courbe en avant ou en arriere, en donnant tousiours le coup avec des petits mouvements, qui ont plus de force, que d’apparance, & en faisant l’execution avec les plus hardis & asseurez, qu’il est possible, au rebours de ce que la Pratique vulgaire en monstre. Si vous me dites, qu’il n’y a pas grande apparence de venir aisement à ceste perfećtion d’en monstrer les effets; sachez pour response, que tout ce qui est louable ne s’acquiert ordinairement, qu’à grand travail. toutesfois, je m’asseure encores pour le regard de ceux qui n’en auront encores nulle habitude, que d’autant plus qu’ils mettront les preceptes à l’espreuve, d’autant plus y trouveront ils de perfećtion. Car ainsi que l’or estant mis à la fournaise, en reçoit un plus grand lustre, par l’approbation de sa pureté; tout de mesme nos instrućtions, estants regardées de pres, examinées, contrerollées, pratiquées, & repetées en paroistront tousiours plus belles. Car quand on aura fait une digne recerche de leur Verité, & de leur importance, on verra que l’incertitude de la fortune n’y a nulle part, & que les seules regles de la science y dominent en telle perfećtion, quel Amateur, qui s’en sera rendu capable, empruntera mesme le courage & l’asseurance des armes, qui manque à la foiblesse des ses forces de la certitude & dexterité de leur usage. |
− | |||
− | |En fin, voilà les exemples, qui | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|Zachary, having found himself, in the previous table, so thoroughly dominated and contained by the power of the Direct Line posture, now tries to imitate it and use it to his own advantage, expecting to be able to be as successful as Alexander, just as he has seen him do. So he hopefully presents Alexander with the same posture, to force him to come against it the same way. As he has the opportunity of being first in place, he steps onto the Circle, right foot along the line X-Y, toes on the Circumference at X, and the left foot on the Pedal Line, as described previously in Plates III & IV, placing his blade into the Direct Line posture, to await his adversary to come against him. Thus in place, Alexander approaches, also using the Direct Line posture, moving into the First Instance at the other side of the Circle, the toes of his right foot on the letter C, the left foot on the other Pedal line in the Quadrangle, his sword held in the Direct Line posture underneath his opponent’s in the same way as shown in Circle No 1 of Plate IV, on which all the of the present actions of this Plate depend, just as all of those in the Fifth Plate. | |Zachary, having found himself, in the previous table, so thoroughly dominated and contained by the power of the Direct Line posture, now tries to imitate it and use it to his own advantage, expecting to be able to be as successful as Alexander, just as he has seen him do. So he hopefully presents Alexander with the same posture, to force him to come against it the same way. As he has the opportunity of being first in place, he steps onto the Circle, right foot along the line X-Y, toes on the Circumference at X, and the left foot on the Pedal Line, as described previously in Plates III & IV, placing his blade into the Direct Line posture, to await his adversary to come against him. Thus in place, Alexander approaches, also using the Direct Line posture, moving into the First Instance at the other side of the Circle, the toes of his right foot on the letter C, the left foot on the other Pedal line in the Quadrangle, his sword held in the Direct Line posture underneath his opponent’s in the same way as shown in Circle No 1 of Plate IV, on which all the of the present actions of this Plate depend, just as all of those in the Fifth Plate. | ||
− | |Par les preuves de la droite ligne, qui ont | + | |Par les preuves de la droite ligne, qui ont esté faites au Tableau precedent, en prevenant & domtant si avantageusement toutes les intreprinses de Zacharie, il s’en tient si à plein contenté, qu’il se dispose presentement à la vouloir imiter, s’asseurant de s’en prevaloir aussi bien qu’Alexandre, en conforomité de ce qu’il luy a veu faire. Dont il le requiert amiablement de travailler à son tour sur la mesme posture, qu’il entend luy presenter à la pareille. Ce que luy estant volontiers accordé, il se va mettre sur le Cercle, le pied droit sur la ligne XY, en touchant la Circonference à la lettre X, & le pied gauche sur la ligne Pedale, suivant les descriptions plus particulieres des Tableau III. & IV. assituant sa lame en droite ligne, pour attendre que son Contraire vienne travailler alencontre. Estant donc ainsi placé en posture, Alexandre le vient aborder avec pareille ligne droite, se mettant à la Premiere Instance à l’autre bout du Cercle, le pied droit à la lettre C, le gauche sur l’autre ligne ordinaire au dedans du Quadrangle, l’espee en ligne droite parallele au dessous de l’espee contraire, en la mesme sorte qu’il est representé au Tableau IV. Cercle N.1. dont toutes les operations de ce present Tableau dependent, aussi bien que celles du cinquieme. |
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|''Alexander must work against the Direct Line posture, after he has moved to the First Instance, he raises his right foot, together with the tip of his blade, crossing swords with his 8th Span against his opponent’s 3rd Span, with a subtle pause of the body, intending to subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance.'' | |''Alexander must work against the Direct Line posture, after he has moved to the First Instance, he raises his right foot, together with the tip of his blade, crossing swords with his 8th Span against his opponent’s 3rd Span, with a subtle pause of the body, intending to subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre ayant à travailler | + | |''Alexandre ayant à travailler sur la posture de la Droite ligne, apres estre venu à la Premiere Instance, il level le pied droit, ensemble avec la pointe de sa lame, en accouplant les espees en dedans du bras, Nombre 3, à Nombre 8, avec un arrest du corps fort subtil, en intention d’assujettir son Contraire à la Seconde Instance.'' |
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|Alexander has arrived at the First Instance, and plans to subjugate his adversary’s sword when he moves to the Second Instance, along the Oblique Diameter. To do this, as he begins his move, he raises his right foot, keeping the knee straight, without making any general movement of his body, or of his arm, except a small bend of the wrist to raise his tip up, contacting the inside of his opponents sword at the 3rd Span with the 8th Span of his own, with a slight pause of his body, very subtle and imperceptible because it lasts no longer that the time it takes to raise his tip and make contact with the sword, just in case his Adversary tries to hit him with a thrust, high or low, inside or outside. At that very instant he has his right foot ready and he is able to set it down wherever he needs. | |Alexander has arrived at the First Instance, and plans to subjugate his adversary’s sword when he moves to the Second Instance, along the Oblique Diameter. To do this, as he begins his move, he raises his right foot, keeping the knee straight, without making any general movement of his body, or of his arm, except a small bend of the wrist to raise his tip up, contacting the inside of his opponents sword at the 3rd Span with the 8th Span of his own, with a slight pause of his body, very subtle and imperceptible because it lasts no longer that the time it takes to raise his tip and make contact with the sword, just in case his Adversary tries to hit him with a thrust, high or low, inside or outside. At that very instant he has his right foot ready and he is able to set it down wherever he needs. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> estant arrivé à la Premiere Instance, se propose d’assujettir l’espee contraire à la Seconde, par deçà le Diametre, Et pour ce faire, en commençant à travailler, il leve le pied droit, avec le genouil roide, sans aucun mouvement general du corps, ny du bras in particulier; sinon que par quelque petite accomodation du poignet, il fait monter sa poinćte en haut, en touchant l’espee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pause du corps, tres-subtile & fort difficile à recognoistre, parce qu’elle ne doit durer non plus, que l’ascension de la poinćte, & l’instant de l’attouchement des espees, afin que s’il advenoit d’aventure, que l’Adversaire entreprinst de luy vouloir tirer au mesme instant quelque estocade, haute, ou basse, en dedans, ou en dehors, qu’il eust le pied droit tout prest, & à commandement pour le planter selon l’exigence. |
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|This is the first entry into all the actions in this Plate and should be very carefully performed, each and every time it is a question of subjugating a blade, whether to the inside or to the outside. Since the interval between C and the Second Instance, whether to one side or the other is a quite large step to take, and to take it, one must have the initiative in both time and movement. I would say it is quite noticeable and obvious, if one tries to do this in one single motion without out the pause, that the Enemy will observe the beginnings of this action and can interrupt it very advantageously, and while performing his own counerattack. All of which can be prevented by means of this raising of the right foot and adding this pause. Of this we shall see several proofs in this book and singularly in the next Plate VII. | |This is the first entry into all the actions in this Plate and should be very carefully performed, each and every time it is a question of subjugating a blade, whether to the inside or to the outside. Since the interval between C and the Second Instance, whether to one side or the other is a quite large step to take, and to take it, one must have the initiative in both time and movement. I would say it is quite noticeable and obvious, if one tries to do this in one single motion without out the pause, that the Enemy will observe the beginnings of this action and can interrupt it very advantageously, and while performing his own counerattack. All of which can be prevented by means of this raising of the right foot and adding this pause. Of this we shall see several proofs in this book and singularly in the next Plate VII. | ||
− | |Voilà la premiere entree de toutes les operations du Tableau, laquelle il faudra fort | + | |Voilà la premiere entree de toutes les operations du Tableau, laquelle il faudra fort curieusement observer, toutes & quantes fois qu’il sera question d’assujettir la lame, soit par dedans, ou par dehors. Car l’intervalle, qui est depuis la lettre C jusqu’à la Seconde Instance, tant de l’un costé que de l’autre, c’est une grande espace de chemin, & pour l’achever, il faut que le temps & le mouvement soit aussi à l’advenant. Ie veux dire, qu’il sera si notoire & manifeste, si on entreprend de l’accomplir en un seul temps sans la susdite pause, que l’Ennemi en observant les commencements de l’operation, la pourra destourber fort avantageusement, & avec apparence de mettre son entreprinse à execution. Ce qu’on pourra prevenir par le moyen de ceste eslevation du pied droit, & de la pause annexe: dequoy on verra plusieurs preuves en ce Livre, & singulierement au prochain Tableau VII. |
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|''Zachary continues to maintain his posture; Alexander continues to subjugate the sword, moving his right foot towards the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact up the sword, followed by a slight halt of the foot, while he makes sure of his superior position, and, having put his foot down at G, he brings the other along in a slow, circular motion to the Circumscribed Square at the Oblique Diameter.'' | |''Zachary continues to maintain his posture; Alexander continues to subjugate the sword, moving his right foot towards the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact up the sword, followed by a slight halt of the foot, while he makes sure of his superior position, and, having put his foot down at G, he brings the other along in a slow, circular motion to the Circumscribed Square at the Oblique Diameter.'' | ||
− | |''Puis que Zacharie continue à | + | |''Puis que Zacharie continue à se tenir en la posture; Alexandre poursuit à luy assujettir l’espee, en portant le pied droit devers la Seconde Instance, avec desgraduation, suivie d’un petit arrest du pied, durant lequel il prend l’asseurance de la superiorité, & ayant mis ledit pied bastivement à terre à lettre G, il porte l’autre apres lent & circulairement jusqu’à le mettre sur le Quarré circonscrit & sur le Diametre oblique.'' |
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|Zachary made no movement against the preceeding action, and so waits, alert, waiting to see what follows. Alexander stays on his left foot and advances his right foot towards the Second Instance, sliding his sword up his adversary’s blade so that his 8th Span now contacts the 5th Span of his adversary’s blade, and pauses for a slight moment. When his body, moving along and pushing the blades before him, reaches the point of overbalancing, he hastily puts his right foot down at the Second Instance, his toes on the letter G, and his heel along the line of the Inside Square. He instantly follows this by raising his left foot and advancing it deliberately in a circular path and finally places it parallel to the right foot, with the toes where the Oblique Diameter crosses the Circumference and heels along the Outside Square at the letter D. From this pose, he draws his left side slightly forward, and the heel of his right foot naturally slides inwards onto the Colateral G-M in such a way as to naturally straighten his body, to stand easily, legs straight, to maintain a sense of contact and be able to swiftly respond and defend against an attack. | |Zachary made no movement against the preceeding action, and so waits, alert, waiting to see what follows. Alexander stays on his left foot and advances his right foot towards the Second Instance, sliding his sword up his adversary’s blade so that his 8th Span now contacts the 5th Span of his adversary’s blade, and pauses for a slight moment. When his body, moving along and pushing the blades before him, reaches the point of overbalancing, he hastily puts his right foot down at the Second Instance, his toes on the letter G, and his heel along the line of the Inside Square. He instantly follows this by raising his left foot and advancing it deliberately in a circular path and finally places it parallel to the right foot, with the toes where the Oblique Diameter crosses the Circumference and heels along the Outside Square at the letter D. From this pose, he draws his left side slightly forward, and the heel of his right foot naturally slides inwards onto the Colateral G-M in such a way as to naturally straighten his body, to stand easily, legs straight, to maintain a sense of contact and be able to swiftly respond and defend against an attack. | ||
− | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ne fait aucun mouvemēt contre l’aćtion precedente, ains qu’il demerure | + | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ne fait aucun mouvemēt contre l’aćtion precedente, ains qu’il demerure sur la parade, en attendant la poursuite; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> demeure sur le pied gauche, & avance un peu le droit devers la Seconde Instance, graduant les espees de telle sorte, qu’il met son Nombre 8. contre le Nombre 5. de sa partie adverse, peu plus ou moins, avec une petite pause. Et quand le corps, en cheminant, & transportant à l’advenāt les espees, vient sur le point de tresbuscher, il plante hastivement le pied à la Seconde Instance, les orteils à la lettre G, & le talon sur le mesme costé du Quarré inscrit; poursuivant à eslever tout à l’instant le pied gauche, & à l’advancer lentement & circulairement, & de le planter finalement parallel avec le pied droit, les orteils sur le Diametre Oblique, & le talon sur la lettre D; par laquelle collocation des pieds le costé gauche du corps est tiré un peu en avāt, & le talon du pied droit semblablement s’en glisse en dedans sur la collaterale GM. de façon qu’elle met le corps naturellement droit, & à son aise, avec les jambes roides, pour avoir le sentiment plus exaćte, & pour estre plus prompt à travailler selon qu’il sera de besoing pour sa defense. |
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|''Zachary awaits the follow-up to being subjugated; Alexander will strike with a thrust, sliding the point of contact up the blade and trapping it while his right foot falls to the ground. And, while he moves his left foot quickly and in a circular motion forward to the letter K, he stands erect on his right foot, body slightly forward as he brings his tip up in a circular motion, keeping his arm straight, until the tip is in front of his adversary’s face.'' | |''Zachary awaits the follow-up to being subjugated; Alexander will strike with a thrust, sliding the point of contact up the blade and trapping it while his right foot falls to the ground. And, while he moves his left foot quickly and in a circular motion forward to the letter K, he stands erect on his right foot, body slightly forward as he brings his tip up in a circular motion, keeping his arm straight, until the tip is in front of his adversary’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie attendant la | + | |''Zacharie attendant la poursuite de l’assujettissement; Alexandre luy va tirer une estocade, en graduant & enserrant sa lame, durant que le pied droit tombe à terre, & durant qu’il continue à porter le pied gauche assez viste & un peu circulairement en avant sur la lettre K, il se dresse le corps dessus, un peu de front, conduisant cependent sa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide jusqu’à devant le visage de sa partie adverse.'' |
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− | |Encores que | + | |Encores que l’espee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> soit assujettie, (qui est un grand avantage pour son Contraire) si ne laisse il pas pourtant de l’attendre, estimant qu’il en fera la poursuite par la trace de la ligne Collateralle GX, en poussant l’espee droitement sur luy; laquelle estant contrainte de passer par le fort de la sienne, il la rencontreroit fort à propos, en prennant la droite ligne, & ne faudroit à prevenir son Contraire au mesme temps d’un contrecoup d’estocade. Voila donc son intention. |
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|Alexander, knowing full well the danger, wants to avoid the strong of his opponent’s blade, so he makes his way sideways, raising his right foot and moving it slowly forward, knee straight, towards the Third Instance along the same line of the Inside Square, until, just as he is about to lose his balance, he swiftly slides his sword up his opponent’s blade from the 4th or 5th Span where he pushed it aside. He ensures that, at the same moment as he beings to lean, that he turns the inside arm of the crosspiece horizontally upward, to trap his opponent’s blade from beneath, and moves his own tip circularly towards his enemy, then he puts his foot down on the same line at the letter N. At the same time, he draws his left foot along in a circular motion to put it down at the letter K, half in the Quadrangle, along the line of the Outside Square. At which point he turns his left side slightly forward, so the right foot turns inward, his heel moving to the Circumference line, he stands erect, and, by the same means, hits with a thrust, sliding his opponent’s sword behind the guard with his straight arm, until the tip is in front of the left side of his opponent's face, where he could hit by exending his arm, as shown by the figures. | |Alexander, knowing full well the danger, wants to avoid the strong of his opponent’s blade, so he makes his way sideways, raising his right foot and moving it slowly forward, knee straight, towards the Third Instance along the same line of the Inside Square, until, just as he is about to lose his balance, he swiftly slides his sword up his opponent’s blade from the 4th or 5th Span where he pushed it aside. He ensures that, at the same moment as he beings to lean, that he turns the inside arm of the crosspiece horizontally upward, to trap his opponent’s blade from beneath, and moves his own tip circularly towards his enemy, then he puts his foot down on the same line at the letter N. At the same time, he draws his left foot along in a circular motion to put it down at the letter K, half in the Quadrangle, along the line of the Outside Square. At which point he turns his left side slightly forward, so the right foot turns inward, his heel moving to the Circumference line, he stands erect, and, by the same means, hits with a thrust, sliding his opponent’s sword behind the guard with his straight arm, until the tip is in front of the left side of his opponent's face, where he could hit by exending his arm, as shown by the figures. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, qui | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, qui cognoist tres bien le danger, voulant eviter le fort de l’espee contraire, chemine en travers, eslevant & avançant le pied droit lentement, avec le genouil roide vers la Troisieme Instance, au long de la mesme ligne du Quarré Inscrit, jusqu’à ce qu’estant le corps sur le poinćt de tresbucher, il entre plus vistement en graduant la lame contraire depuis le Nombre 4. ou 5. où elle estoit assujettie, en avant; en advisant au mesme instant qu’il commence à se pancher, de tourner sa branche interieure horizontale, de façon qu’il en prenne & enserre la lame contraire par dessous, & en conduise sa propre pointe circulairement vers l’Ennemi, poursuivant d’abaisser le pied à terre à la lettre N sur la mesme ligne; & aussi quand & quand à entrer du pied gauche quelque peu circulairement, jusqu’à le planter parallel au pied droit à la lettre K, moitié dedans, moitié dehors; sur lequel pied droit, en se tournant le costé gauche un peu en devant, & le talon en glissant en dedans sur la Circonference, il se dresse le corps perpendiculairement, & poursuit par mesme voye son estocade, en graduant l’espee contraire par derriere la garde avec le bras roide, jusqu’à luy presenter la pointe devant le costé droit du visage, retenant le pouvoir d’en faire l’execution par rigueur; comme les figures demonstrent. |
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|''Zachary parries the previous thrust to the inside with medium force. Alexander switches to a bent-arm thrust, by stepping forward with the left side while bending his arm, so he continues to hold his point in front of Zachary’s face.'' | |''Zachary parries the previous thrust to the inside with medium force. Alexander switches to a bent-arm thrust, by stepping forward with the left side while bending his arm, so he continues to hold his point in front of Zachary’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie parant le coup de | + | |''Zacharie parant le coup de l’estocade precedente en dedans, avec un poids mediocre; Alexandre la change en Imbrocade, se mettant le costé gauche du corps devant avec le bras courbé, en sorte qu’il continue à luy tenir la pointe arrestée devant le visage.'' |
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|Zachary sees the tip of his opponent’s blade in front of his face and uses light force to parry it away to his left. Alexander feels this and in response, he instantly lifts his left foot and tilts the branches of his crosspiece inwards so the tip of his blade stays in front of his adversary’s face. He adjusts his next actions to the parry of his sword to the side, and by this means moves himself inside the angle of the swords by, at the same time, turning his left side forwards, setting his foot down at the letter S, the heel along the Exterior Transverse, and bending his right elbow. He continues to tilt the crossguard so much that the external branch points diagonally upwards and inwards, and slides the point of contact of his sword so the weak of his opponent’s blade is caught and trapped between the exterior branch of the crossguard and the strong of his own blade. Again, he very precisely puts the tip of his blade in front of his adversary’s eyes, with a bent arm, leaning forward, left knee slightly bent. | |Zachary sees the tip of his opponent’s blade in front of his face and uses light force to parry it away to his left. Alexander feels this and in response, he instantly lifts his left foot and tilts the branches of his crosspiece inwards so the tip of his blade stays in front of his adversary’s face. He adjusts his next actions to the parry of his sword to the side, and by this means moves himself inside the angle of the swords by, at the same time, turning his left side forwards, setting his foot down at the letter S, the heel along the Exterior Transverse, and bending his right elbow. He continues to tilt the crossguard so much that the external branch points diagonally upwards and inwards, and slides the point of contact of his sword so the weak of his opponent’s blade is caught and trapped between the exterior branch of the crossguard and the strong of his own blade. Again, he very precisely puts the tip of his blade in front of his adversary’s eyes, with a bent arm, leaning forward, left knee slightly bent. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> se voyant la pointe contraire devant le visage, il la pare en dedans du bras devers le costé gauche, en usant d’un poids mediocre. Ce qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit par le sentiment dont il leve au mesme instant le pied gauche, & en tournant les branches de sa garde en dedans, tellement que sa pointe demeure continuellement devant le costé droit du visage de sa partie adverse; accommodant ses aćtions à l’advenant du transport de son espee, & se mettant par ainsi dedans les angles avec le costé gauche devant, en avançant & posant le pied à terre à la lettre S, le talon d’iceluy sur la traversante exterieure, & poursuivant à courber au mesme instant le bras, & à tourner les branches de sa garde si avant, que l’exterieure s’en tourne diagonalement en dedans; de façon que le foible de l’espee contraire se glisse au fort de la sienne entre deux la lame & la branche: dont it la prend & enserre au mesme temps, & derechef en usant de courtoisie, il luy presente la pointe devant les yeux en ligne courbe, panchant du corps en avant, avec le genouil de la jambe gauche plié. |
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|''Zachary continues to parry further away. Alexander lets him move the two swords, putting himself further forward into the angle, right foot raised, and the crosspiece turned vertically.'' | |''Zachary continues to parry further away. Alexander lets him move the two swords, putting himself further forward into the angle, right foot raised, and the crosspiece turned vertically.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie continuant à parer plus outre; Alexandre luy | + | |''Zacharie continuant à parer plus outre; Alexandre luy laisse emporter les espees, se mettant plus avant dedans l’angle, avec le pied droit levé, & la branche interieure de la garde tournée verticalement.'' |
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|Zachary continues his parry, turning his opponent’s sword even further aside, dropping his arm slightly to the same side. Alexander feels this and at that same moment raises his right foot, and moves his whole right side, including his arm and sword, forward, straightening himself up, pivoting on his left foot, and twisting his wrist so the inside branch of his crosspiece points vertically upwards. Thus the tip of his sword falls slightly backwards, as the point of contact slides down the swords, until the tips are nearly together, as shown in the figure. | |Zachary continues his parry, turning his opponent’s sword even further aside, dropping his arm slightly to the same side. Alexander feels this and at that same moment raises his right foot, and moves his whole right side, including his arm and sword, forward, straightening himself up, pivoting on his left foot, and twisting his wrist so the inside branch of his crosspiece points vertically upwards. Thus the tip of his sword falls slightly backwards, as the point of contact slides down the swords, until the tips are nearly together, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Zacharie continuant à parer, en | + | |Zacharie continuant à parer, en destournant l’espee contraire encores plus outre, avec un petit abaissement du bras devers le mesme costé; Alexandre s’en apperçoit par le sentiment, & leve à l’instant mesme le pied droit, lequel il avance ensemble avec le mesme costé, bras, & espee, tournant cependant la branche interieure verticalement en haut: dont la pointe s’en escoule avec desgraduation des deux espees un peu en arriere, bien pres à egal de la pointe contraire; le tout en tournant & dressant le corps droit sur la jambe gauche: comme on voit en la figure. |
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|''Alexander disengages his blade and delivers a cut across his opponent’s face as he steps across and to the side, behind him.'' | |''Alexander disengages his blade and delivers a cut across his opponent’s face as he steps across and to the side, behind him.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre desgage | + | |''Alexandre desgage sa lame, & en donne un coup d’estramaçon au visage de l’Adversaire, en passant à son costé, & luy venant derriere le dos.'' |
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|Alexander follows this action, by continuing to turn his right side forwards, along with his sword arm, which he brings, at the same time, from beneath his opponents sword, by allowing his thumb, which was pressed against the crosspiece, to slide under, in such a way that his grip encircles the handle and puts the sword edge ready to cut, he raises his sword-tip up from beneath his opponent’s sword, and enters further in to the side, leaning slightly, stepping outsided the circle, and gives his opponent a cut across the face. | |Alexander follows this action, by continuing to turn his right side forwards, along with his sword arm, which he brings, at the same time, from beneath his opponents sword, by allowing his thumb, which was pressed against the crosspiece, to slide under, in such a way that his grip encircles the handle and puts the sword edge ready to cut, he raises his sword-tip up from beneath his opponent’s sword, and enters further in to the side, leaning slightly, stepping outsided the circle, and gives his opponent a cut across the face. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit l’operation, en continuant à tourner le costé droit devant, ensemble avec le bras de l’espee, laquelle il delivre au mesme tēps à la faveur du poignet de la main de dessous l’espee contraire, en laissant glisser le poulce, qui estoit affermi contre la branche interieure, dessous, de sorte qu’il en entoure au mesme instant la poignee, & en mettant l’espee sur le trenchant, il en conduit la pointe en haut par dessus l’espee contraire, & en entrant plus avant à costé avec quelque panchement du corps, allant dehors le Cercle, il en donne à son Contraire un coup d’estramaçon au visage. |
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|The actions in the three Circles No 4, 5, & 6, are shown separately, almost as if there is a short pause between them. We did this for the benefit of our learners. Because in fact the entire sequence should follow so smoothly that it would be difficult to distinguish one step from the next so there is no interruption between any two. But to keep Scholars from being confused, and to explain the real basics that they are learning, they must learn this movement in parts, slowly, so they do not become examples of the proverb: Who grasps too much, catches very little. | |The actions in the three Circles No 4, 5, & 6, are shown separately, almost as if there is a short pause between them. We did this for the benefit of our learners. Because in fact the entire sequence should follow so smoothly that it would be difficult to distinguish one step from the next so there is no interruption between any two. But to keep Scholars from being confused, and to explain the real basics that they are learning, they must learn this movement in parts, slowly, so they do not become examples of the proverb: Who grasps too much, catches very little. | ||
− | |Les aćtions de ces Cercles N.4.5.6. | + | |Les aćtions de ces Cercles N.4.5.6. sont icy representées chascune à part, quasi comme s’il y intercedoit quelque petite pause. Ce que nous avons fait pour le regard des apprentiss. Car autrement le tout se doint entresuivre de si pres, qu’à grand peine y pourroit on distinguer le precedent d’avec le subsequent, tant s’en faut qu’il y aye de l’interruption entre deux. Mais pour n’embrouiller pas l’entendement des Escholiers, & pour leur declarer les vrais fondements de ce qu’ils apprennent, il faut que le tout soit monstré par articles, sans se haster, de peur qu’il ne leur advienne selon le commun proverbe: Qui trop embrasse peu estraint. |
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|A note concerning Circle No 4. That Alexander, when moving to the bent-arm position, is not required to put his foot down exactly at the letter S on the Inside Square, since he must accomodate his appoach to the following step, according to how much he senses his sword is forced away. So it happens that sometimes he will put his foot down beside the Outside Square, and at other times even outside the Circle. This will make it easier for him to follow on to Circle No 5 and to the cut in No 6, which is shown in the figure as being exactly executed on Zachary’s head. But to perform with precision, he must keep the blade in front of Zachary’s face, before putting his foot down, and to bring it in a circular motion around to the head, at the moment when he is about to lose his balance, then step, and then, as shown in the figure, bend the right knee, put his weight on it, leaning slightly forward, with the the arm and sword extended forward at an acute angle. | |A note concerning Circle No 4. That Alexander, when moving to the bent-arm position, is not required to put his foot down exactly at the letter S on the Inside Square, since he must accomodate his appoach to the following step, according to how much he senses his sword is forced away. So it happens that sometimes he will put his foot down beside the Outside Square, and at other times even outside the Circle. This will make it easier for him to follow on to Circle No 5 and to the cut in No 6, which is shown in the figure as being exactly executed on Zachary’s head. But to perform with precision, he must keep the blade in front of Zachary’s face, before putting his foot down, and to bring it in a circular motion around to the head, at the moment when he is about to lose his balance, then step, and then, as shown in the figure, bend the right knee, put his weight on it, leaning slightly forward, with the the arm and sword extended forward at an acute angle. | ||
− | |Notez touchant le Cercle N.4. qu’Alexandre, en donnant la courbe, | + | |Notez touchant le Cercle N.4. qu’Alexandre, en donnant la courbe, n’est pas tenu d’abaisser precisement le pied gauche à terre sur le costé du Quarré inscrit à la lettre S: car il doit accomoder son intrade à l’advenant, qu’il se sent estre conduit par le transport des espees: dont il adviendra mesme aucunesfois, qu’il le plantera sur le costé du Quarré circonscrit. & autresfois mesme au dehors. Ce qui luy donnera tant plus de commodité devenir à la poursuite du Cercle N.5. & à l’estramaçon du 6. qui est representé en la figure d’estre executé par rigeur sur la teste de Zacharie: mais pour jouer en courtoisie, il luy faut presenter la lame devant le visage, premier que d’abaisser le pied en terre, & la mener circulairement outre sa teste, quand on commence à tresbucher. & à le planter, & puis, comme il est representé en la figure, ployer le genouil droit & charger le corps dessus, en panchant un peu vers le devant, avec le bras & l’espee estendus au devant en angle aigu. |
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|Then, as he is leaning forward, he follows with a second cut, as follows: he lightly pushes off the ground with his left foot to straighten up, and uses this to pivot around on his right foot, so that, by raising the sword above his shoulder, keeping the hand forward and the tip raised behind him, he turns around to face his opponent, ready to strike while stepping forward with his left foot. (See Circle No 7.) Or he can put his blade in front of the right side of his opponent’s face and again raise it circularly about his opponent’s head, as he puts his foot down behind him a little off to the side. Then he again bends his forward knee to put his weight on it, with his arm and sword extended upwards at an acute angle, just as in the preceeding action, and which will be further explored in subsequent Plates, where, when the question arises, we will repeat this again, and give a more ample discussiona. | |Then, as he is leaning forward, he follows with a second cut, as follows: he lightly pushes off the ground with his left foot to straighten up, and uses this to pivot around on his right foot, so that, by raising the sword above his shoulder, keeping the hand forward and the tip raised behind him, he turns around to face his opponent, ready to strike while stepping forward with his left foot. (See Circle No 7.) Or he can put his blade in front of the right side of his opponent’s face and again raise it circularly about his opponent’s head, as he puts his foot down behind him a little off to the side. Then he again bends his forward knee to put his weight on it, with his arm and sword extended upwards at an acute angle, just as in the preceeding action, and which will be further explored in subsequent Plates, where, when the question arises, we will repeat this again, and give a more ample discussiona. | ||
− | |Puis | + | |Puis estant ainsi avec le corps panché en avant, il poursuivera d’en tirer encor un redoublement d’estramaçon, en la maniere suivante: c’est qu’il fera du pied gauche un petit poussement contre la terre, pour se redresser, & volter à l’aide d’iceluy sur le pied droit, en telle sorte, qu’en haussant l’espee par dessus son espaule, la main quelque peu avancée, & la pointe montant en derriere le dos, il se tournera de front contre sa partie adverse, tout prest à luy donner le coup avec l’avancement du pied gauche; ou à luy presenter la lame devant le costé droit du visage, & à la monter derechef circulairement alentour de la teste contraire, au temps qu’il plantera le pied derriere luy un peu à quartier; en apres il pliera derechef le genou de devant pour faire la charge du corps dessus, avec le bras & l’espee pareillement estendus en angle aigu, tout ainsi qu’en l’operation precedente, & comme il en sera parlé plus particulairement en d’autres Tableaux, où il sera question de la repeter, & d’en faire plus ample declaration. |
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|''Alexander is behind his adversary, and does an about turn on his right foot. Zachary has also turned towards him at the same time, to defend with his sword. But before he can achieve this maneuver, Alexander cuts him across the face a second time. '' | |''Alexander is behind his adversary, and does an about turn on his right foot. Zachary has also turned towards him at the same time, to defend with his sword. But before he can achieve this maneuver, Alexander cuts him across the face a second time. '' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre estant derriere son Adversaire, & faisant la volte sur le pied droit; Zacharie s’est aussi tourné devers luy au mesme temps, pour luy presenter l’espee; mais avant qu’il ait parachevé l’œuvre, Alexandre luy donne encor une seconde touche d’estramaçon au visage.'' |
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|Here, again, we have the same second cut, which differs from the previous description only in that one was made against an enemy who had stayed still and not moved at all. But in Circle No 7, at the instant that Alexander raises his left foot and begins to turn about on his right foot, the Enemy also spins on his right foot, barely moving his left foot from its place, and bending his arm to bring his sword up and over in front of him, to put it between himself and Alexander. Alexander sees this, before he can complete the mouvement, he cuts him in the face. Or he carefully puts his blade in front of Zachary’s eyes, then sets his left foot down towards his enemy, as is shown in the image. | |Here, again, we have the same second cut, which differs from the previous description only in that one was made against an enemy who had stayed still and not moved at all. But in Circle No 7, at the instant that Alexander raises his left foot and begins to turn about on his right foot, the Enemy also spins on his right foot, barely moving his left foot from its place, and bending his arm to bring his sword up and over in front of him, to put it between himself and Alexander. Alexander sees this, before he can complete the mouvement, he cuts him in the face. Or he carefully puts his blade in front of Zachary’s eyes, then sets his left foot down towards his enemy, as is shown in the image. | ||
− | |Voicy encor le | + | |Voicy encor le mesme estramaçon redoublé, qui ne differre qu’un bien peu d’avec celuy que nous venons de descrire: c’est assavoir que cestuy-là a esté donné sur l’Ennemy qui ne bouge point un rien de sa place. Mais en ce Cercle N.7. à l’instant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à faire la volte du corps sur le pied droit, en eslevant le gauche; l’Ennemy se tourne pareillement sur ses pieds, ne bougeant qu’un bien peu de sa place à tout le pied gauche, en avançant l’espee devers luy avec le bras courbe. Ce que voyant Alexandre, avant qu’il ait parachevé le mouvement, il luy donne le coup au visage: ou bien, il luy met la lame devant les yeux en courtoisie, plantant consecutivement le pied gauche en terre devers l’Ennemy; comme on le voit pourtrait en la figure. |
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|That is the follow-on from Circle No 4, which develops when Zachary turns the point of his adversary’s sword away from his face to the inside of his arm, after Alexander had arrived at the Third Instance, as shown in Circle No 3. Now, it is reasonable to show likewise what happens after this thrust if Zachary instead parries while his opponent is still stepping towards the Third Instance. | |That is the follow-on from Circle No 4, which develops when Zachary turns the point of his adversary’s sword away from his face to the inside of his arm, after Alexander had arrived at the Third Instance, as shown in Circle No 3. Now, it is reasonable to show likewise what happens after this thrust if Zachary instead parries while his opponent is still stepping towards the Third Instance. | ||
− | |Voilà donc la | + | |Voilà donc la suite du Cercle N.4. procedante de ce que Zacharie a destourné la pointe contraire de son visage en dedans du bras, apres qu’Alexandre est arrivé à la Troisieme Instance, ainsi que le Cercle N.3. demonstre. Maintenant il est raisonnable de vous representer pareillement la poursuite de ceste mesme estocade, en occasion que Zacharie la pare plustost, durant que sa partie est encor en aćte de cheminer vers la Troisieme Instance. |
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|''Alexander again moves to thrust from the Third Instance, the same as in Cercle No 3. Zachary parries to the inside, but with more force than he does in Circle No 4. Thus Alexander is constrained to follow the force against his sword, moving towards the centre to L, and adjusting his left side to allow him to give hime a bent-arm thrust.'' | |''Alexander again moves to thrust from the Third Instance, the same as in Cercle No 3. Zachary parries to the inside, but with more force than he does in Circle No 4. Thus Alexander is constrained to follow the force against his sword, moving towards the centre to L, and adjusting his left side to allow him to give hime a bent-arm thrust.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre tirant encores | + | |''Alexandre tirant encores l’estocade à la Troisieme Instance, tout de mesme le Cercle N.3; Zacharie la destourne en dedans du bras, mais avec plus de force, qu’il ne fit au Cercle N.4. Dont Alexandre est contraint de seconder le transport des espees, en allant devers le Centre jusqu’à L, & accommodant le corps avec le costé gauche pour luy donner l’imbrocade.'' |
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|This bent-arm thrust derives once more from the subjugation of the sword, as shown in Circle No 2. While Alexander is moving again to thrust from the Third Instance, at the instant his foot lowers down to step on the letter N, Zachary defends himself and moves the sword forcefully away to the inside. Alexander realizes this from the feel, and, tries from the beginning, to resist, and hold back against the movement of the swords, using this to quickly move his left foot across close to his right foot, as if making a fleuret [a dance move: a brief lifting of each foot on the upbeat with a forward thrust of the first on the downbeat], so the body is held upright, while raising the right foot and moving it quickly towards the centre along the Perpendicular Diameter, remembering to turn and adjust his hand according to the movement of the swords. He then leans slightly to the side and puts his weight on his right foot, which he sets down at L, and draws the left foot to the letter N, At the same moment, he bends his entire arm and turns the exterior branch of his crosspiece diagonally inwards so the opponent’s blade slides down to rest against the strong of his blade, and outside the crosspiece. At this instant, he turns his left side forward, aims the tip of his blade at his opponent’s face, carefully holding it in front of his eyes, as shown in the figure. | |This bent-arm thrust derives once more from the subjugation of the sword, as shown in Circle No 2. While Alexander is moving again to thrust from the Third Instance, at the instant his foot lowers down to step on the letter N, Zachary defends himself and moves the sword forcefully away to the inside. Alexander realizes this from the feel, and, tries from the beginning, to resist, and hold back against the movement of the swords, using this to quickly move his left foot across close to his right foot, as if making a fleuret [a dance move: a brief lifting of each foot on the upbeat with a forward thrust of the first on the downbeat], so the body is held upright, while raising the right foot and moving it quickly towards the centre along the Perpendicular Diameter, remembering to turn and adjust his hand according to the movement of the swords. He then leans slightly to the side and puts his weight on his right foot, which he sets down at L, and draws the left foot to the letter N, At the same moment, he bends his entire arm and turns the exterior branch of his crosspiece diagonally inwards so the opponent’s blade slides down to rest against the strong of his blade, and outside the crosspiece. At this instant, he turns his left side forward, aims the tip of his blade at his opponent’s face, carefully holding it in front of his eyes, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste imbrocade provient de l’avantage de l’assujettissement, representé au Cercle N.2. Car cependant qu’il chemine derechef pour donner l’estocade à la Troisieme Instance, à l’instant que le pied droit s’abaisse, pour se planter à la lettre N. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> se defend, & luy transporte l’espee avec force au dedans du bras. Ce que recognoissant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> par le sentiment, il tasche du commencement, à y resister, en se servant d’une petite retenue, & cependant il approche le pied gauche hastivement bien pres de l’autre, quasi comme un demi fleuret; dont le corps se dresse, en eslevant le pied droit, & le portant devers le Centre le long du Diametre perpēdiculaire, sans oublier à tourner & accommoder cependant la main à l’advenant du transport des espees; & à faire la charge du corps en panchant un peu de costé sur le pied droit, iceluy posant à terre à la lettre L, & trainant proportionnellement l’autre jusqu’au point N, & en parachevant au mesme instant de se courber entierement le bras, & tourner sa branche exterieure en dedans diagonalement, de sorte que la lame contraire en vient à s’escouler, en desgraduant, au fort de la sienne, & au dehors de la branche; auquel instant il tourne le costé gauche en devant, en assituant sa pointe au visage de l’Ennemi, & l’y tenant par courtoisie arrestée devant les yeux; suivant la figure. |
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|''Zachary increases the force of his sword even more, to parry the preceding thrust from Circle No 3. So Alexander moves forward against this with his right foot to the Centre, thereby accomplishing the same action as above.'' | |''Zachary increases the force of his sword even more, to parry the preceding thrust from Circle No 3. So Alexander moves forward against this with his right foot to the Centre, thereby accomplishing the same action as above.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie augmentant encor davantage le poids de | + | |''Zacharie augmentant encor davantage le poids de sa lame, pour parer l’estocade precedente du Cercle N.3. aussi Alexandre s’avance là dessus avec le pied droit jusqu’au Centre, en accomplissant derechef la mesme operation, que dessus.'' |
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|Here, again, is the same action, differing only in the degree of force used in defense. For at the instant Alexander put his foot down in the Third Instance, Zacharie parries his strike with even more effort than before. So Alexander, to work around the movement of the swords, must move his front foot further in towards the Centre, drawing his left foot behind him to the letter M, while performing the same actions as above, to keep the tip of his blade pointing in the face of his adversary. | |Here, again, is the same action, differing only in the degree of force used in defense. For at the instant Alexander put his foot down in the Third Instance, Zacharie parries his strike with even more effort than before. So Alexander, to work around the movement of the swords, must move his front foot further in towards the Centre, drawing his left foot behind him to the letter M, while performing the same actions as above, to keep the tip of his blade pointing in the face of his adversary. | ||
− | |Voicy derechef la | + | |Voicy derechef la mesme operation, ne differant, qu’au poids de la defense. Car à l’instant qu’Alexandre a abaissé le pied droit à la Troisieme Instance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> a paré le coup avec plus d’effort, qu’au precedēt; dont <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, pour seconder le transport des espees, est contraint d’entrer du pied droit plus avant jusques au Centre, en trainant proportionnellement le pied gauche apres jusques à l’M. en accompissant cependant les mesmes aćtions que dessus, jusques à presenter sa pointe en ligne courbe devant le visage de son Contraire. |
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|''Alexander’s bent-arm thrust is parried even further outwards, so he lets the swords flow away by extending his arm, with the interior branch of the crosspiece vertical, and his right foot raised.'' | |''Alexander’s bent-arm thrust is parried even further outwards, so he lets the swords flow away by extending his arm, with the interior branch of the crosspiece vertical, and his right foot raised.'' | ||
− | |''L’imbrocade d’Alexandre | + | |''L’imbrocade d’Alexandre estant parée encores plus outre il laisse escouler les espees, en allongeant mesmes le bras, avec la branche interieure verticale, & le pied droit eslevé.'' |
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|Zachary sees the tip of the sword in front of his face, he continues his defense of parrying it again to the inside. Alexander percieves this through his sense of feel, and he extends his arm, along with the sword, out to the side, raising his left foot lightly off the ground and immediately setting it back down in the same place, or even a bit further out, shifting his weight back onto this foot by pushing back with his right foot and raising it off the ground. At the same time, his right arm turns so the guard moves outwards, his 7th Span against his opponent’s 4th Span, with the inside branch of the crosspiece upwards, so as to prevent his enemy from drawing into the Direct Line posture towards his face. So if he wanted to straighten his tip, he would be forced to move circularly in a bent-arm posture, to arc around this branch. This would take longer to do than to strike horizontally in a straight line. Consequently, this gives Alexander more time to percieve and respond to any movements his enemy makes. Ordinarily he would follow the moves made in this 10th Circle with with one of the actions in Circle No 11 or No 13. That is to say, he would try to hit his opponent directly in the face dropping contact with his opponent’s sword. Or he may decide to increase the force on the sword because he wants to push it further away before trying anything else. These actions, and their counters, will be explained fully in following Plates. Nonetheless, it is good to give this little warning now, so that you will remember these actions, which we will explore shortly, every time an occasion to use them presents itself. | |Zachary sees the tip of the sword in front of his face, he continues his defense of parrying it again to the inside. Alexander percieves this through his sense of feel, and he extends his arm, along with the sword, out to the side, raising his left foot lightly off the ground and immediately setting it back down in the same place, or even a bit further out, shifting his weight back onto this foot by pushing back with his right foot and raising it off the ground. At the same time, his right arm turns so the guard moves outwards, his 7th Span against his opponent’s 4th Span, with the inside branch of the crosspiece upwards, so as to prevent his enemy from drawing into the Direct Line posture towards his face. So if he wanted to straighten his tip, he would be forced to move circularly in a bent-arm posture, to arc around this branch. This would take longer to do than to strike horizontally in a straight line. Consequently, this gives Alexander more time to percieve and respond to any movements his enemy makes. Ordinarily he would follow the moves made in this 10th Circle with with one of the actions in Circle No 11 or No 13. That is to say, he would try to hit his opponent directly in the face dropping contact with his opponent’s sword. Or he may decide to increase the force on the sword because he wants to push it further away before trying anything else. These actions, and their counters, will be explained fully in following Plates. Nonetheless, it is good to give this little warning now, so that you will remember these actions, which we will explore shortly, every time an occasion to use them presents itself. | ||
− | |Continuant la | + | |Continuant la defense, & la suite des deux Cercles precedēts, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> qui voit la pointe contraire devant ses yeux, la pare derechef en dedans du bras. Ce qu’appercevant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> par le sentiment, il allonge le bras ensemble avec l’espee à son costé, en eslevant le pied gauche à fleur de terre, & le rabaissant derechef tout à l’instant au mesme endroit, ou bien un peu en dehors, en revenant droit sur iceluy à l’aide du pied droit, qui fait en s’eslevant un petit poussement contre la terre; & au mesme temps le bras droit se tourne avec la garde de l’espee en dehors, son Nombre 7. au Nombre 4. de l’espee contraire, avec la branche interieure dressée en haut, de sorte qu’elle empesche l’Ennemi de tirer en droite ligne & en un temps à son visage. Car s’il y vouloit dresser sa pointe, il seroit contraint d’aller circulairement en ligne courbe, en forme d’arc alentour de ladite branche: ce qui requiert plus de temps, que de fraper horizontalement en ligne droite: & par consequent il donne aussi plus de loisir à Alexandre, pour juger, & rencontrer exaćtement la diversité du sentiment, que l’Ennemi luy donne. Lequel estant en termes de ce dixieme Cercle, ordinairement il attentera l’une ou l’autre des deux operations, du Cercle 11. ou 13. c’est assavoir qu’il taschera de fraper sa partie au visage en destachant les espees; ou qu’il accroistra le sentiment pour l’asujettir à sa fantasie, avant que de rien attenter plus outre. desquelles operations, & de leurs contraires, en sera donné suffisante instrućtion és demonstrations suivantes. Toutesfois il n’est que bon d’en donner cependant ce petit advertissement, afin que toutes les fois, qu’il se presentera telle ou semblable occasion, il vous souviene de vous tenir prest à les rencontrer, en la maniere que vous entendrez tout à l’heure. |
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|In order to provide a better view of the crossed swords, Alexander is shown with his right foot and hand slightly more forward than they should be, the tip turned behind him. Which would be the preparation for striking the blow shown in Circle No 13. However, it may be that your opponent would content himself to hold the swords in this position, with a lighter contact, neither pressing, nor forcing your blade away, so that you cannot perform any of the following actions. Then you must repeat the step in with the right foot along the Perpendicular Diameter, drawing the left behind, and once again putting the tip of your blade in his face, exactly as in Circles No 8 & 9. | |In order to provide a better view of the crossed swords, Alexander is shown with his right foot and hand slightly more forward than they should be, the tip turned behind him. Which would be the preparation for striking the blow shown in Circle No 13. However, it may be that your opponent would content himself to hold the swords in this position, with a lighter contact, neither pressing, nor forcing your blade away, so that you cannot perform any of the following actions. Then you must repeat the step in with the right foot along the Perpendicular Diameter, drawing the left behind, and once again putting the tip of your blade in his face, exactly as in Circles No 8 & 9. | ||
− | |Pour vous mettre en veuë les | + | |Pour vous mettre en veuë les espees croisées, a prospećtive du corps d’Alexandre est icy representée avec le pied & la main droite un peu avancez, plus qu’ils ne devroyent, & la pointe tournée en arriere; qui est comme une preparation pour donner le coup du Cercle N.13. Que s’il advenoit cependant, que vostre partie adverse se contentast, de retenir les espees ainsi accouplées avec un sentiment temperé, sans pousser, ne sans oster sa lame de la vostre, de sorte que vous ne pourriez venir aux operations suivantes; alors il faudroit reprenre l’entree du pied droit, suivant le Diametre perpendiculaire, en avançant le gauche, & luy presentant derechef la pointe devant le visage en ligne courbe, tout de mesme les Cercles N.8. & 9. |
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|''From the previous Circle No 10, Zachary thrusts horizontally to the face. Alexander follows his movement keeping the swords in contact, in such a way that he gracefully adopts the Direct Line posture, with his sword-tip before the face.'' | |''From the previous Circle No 10, Zachary thrusts horizontally to the face. Alexander follows his movement keeping the swords in contact, in such a way that he gracefully adopts the Direct Line posture, with his sword-tip before the face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie luy tirant une | + | |''Zacharie luy tirant une estocade horizontale devers le visage, en suite du Cercle N.10.; Alexandre la poursuit avec les espees accouplées, en sorte qu’il prend luy mesme la droite ligne, & luy met la pointe en courtoisie devant le visage.'' |
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|This follows on from the preceeding action. Zachary makes a thrust horizontally at his opponent’s face, taking his sword off of the other, and turning slightly to the outside. Alexander feels this movement as his enemy begins to pull his sword away, does not wait until he can lift it or push it away, but continuously keeps contact, so his opponent cannot circle around his guard to make his thrust to the face. As soon as his opponent’s sword moves across, he closes the Direct Line, meeting the weak of his opponent’s blade with the strong of his own, and precisely sets his tip in front of his opponent’s eyes, putting his foot down by the other one at the same instant, about one short pace apart. | |This follows on from the preceeding action. Zachary makes a thrust horizontally at his opponent’s face, taking his sword off of the other, and turning slightly to the outside. Alexander feels this movement as his enemy begins to pull his sword away, does not wait until he can lift it or push it away, but continuously keeps contact, so his opponent cannot circle around his guard to make his thrust to the face. As soon as his opponent’s sword moves across, he closes the Direct Line, meeting the weak of his opponent’s blade with the strong of his own, and precisely sets his tip in front of his opponent’s eyes, putting his foot down by the other one at the same instant, about one short pace apart. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est la poursuite de la demonstration precedente. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> tire un coup de pointe horizontal vers le visage de sa partie, en ostant sa lame de dessus la contraire, & tournant le costé droit du corps un peu en dehors. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le sentiment de ce mouvement, que l’Ennemi commence à faire, pour destacher sa lame, il n’attend pas si long temps, qu’il la puisse lever ou oster, mais sans l’abandonner il la poursuit continuellement, & comme elle ne peut laisser de venir alentour de sa garde, pour donner l’estocade au visage; à l’instant qu’elle y arrive, il luy ferme la droite ligne, en accueillant le foible du fort de la sienne, & luy mettant sa pointe en courtoisie devant les yeux, & abaissant au mesme instant le pied à terre à costé de l’autre, à la distance d’un pas arresté. |
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|Here is the final execution of the preceeding thrust. This is done by suddenly raising the right foot and stepping, with the body forward, and with the arm and sword extended, to the letter S. Continue on by putting weight on the forward knee, and pierce the head of your Adversary, who is forced to bend his arm and let his tip go up against his opponent’s sword. | |Here is the final execution of the preceeding thrust. This is done by suddenly raising the right foot and stepping, with the body forward, and with the arm and sword extended, to the letter S. Continue on by putting weight on the forward knee, and pierce the head of your Adversary, who is forced to bend his arm and let his tip go up against his opponent’s sword. | ||
− | |Voicy la finale execution de | + | |Voicy la finale execution de l’estocade precedente; laquelle il poursuit en eslevant soudainement le pied droit, & cheminant avec le corps avancé, & avec le bras & l’espee estendus, jusqu’à la lettre S; continuant à faire la charge sur le genou de devant, & percer la teste à son Contraire, qui en est contraint de courber le bras, & laisser aller sa poinćte en haut au gré de l’espee contraire. |
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|Those who are well versed in this exercise, will be able to prepare and execute this thrust in one single movement. But it is better to practice as we have shown, in two parts, to instruct Novices. To whom I counsel and shall always counsel to take pains to do it a few times well, rather than repeating it often. | |Those who are well versed in this exercise, will be able to prepare and execute this thrust in one single movement. But it is better to practice as we have shown, in two parts, to instruct Novices. To whom I counsel and shall always counsel to take pains to do it a few times well, rather than repeating it often. | ||
− | |Ceux qui | + | |Ceux qui seront un peu versez en l’exercice, pourront donner & executer ceste estocade en un seul temps; mais il vaut mieux de la pratiquer, comme nous l’avons representée, en deux, pour donner instrućtion aux Novices; auxquels je conseille & conseilleray tousiours de mettre plustost peine à faire bien, qu’à faire beaucoup. |
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|''Zachary wants to force his opponent’s sword further away, following Circle No 10. Alexander will pass to the side with a double-size step, freeing his sword, and hitting him with a cut to the head.'' | |''Zachary wants to force his opponent’s sword further away, following Circle No 10. Alexander will pass to the side with a double-size step, freeing his sword, and hitting him with a cut to the head.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie voulant | + | |''Zacharie voulant assujetir l’espee contraire davantage, en suite du Cercle N.10; Alexandre luy va passer à costé avec un pas double, en delivrant sa lame, & luy en donnant un coup d’estramaçon à la teste.'' |
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|This action comes from the position shown in Circle No 10, where Zachary’s sword can be seen above the other. In this case to further force the sword away as he would like to, with more power, he increases the force on the blade. Alexander percieves this as his blade is in contact, he moves his raised foot forwards, turns his right side towards Zachary, along with his arm and the sword-guard, so that he disengages from his opponent’s sword, by moving his tip behin him in a circular motion down, around his opponent’s, and upwards. As he moves his body, stepping with his foot, he delivers a cut diagonally across the face, finishing his motion with a double-length step outside the Circle, even with the letter X, with the knee bent. | |This action comes from the position shown in Circle No 10, where Zachary’s sword can be seen above the other. In this case to further force the sword away as he would like to, with more power, he increases the force on the blade. Alexander percieves this as his blade is in contact, he moves his raised foot forwards, turns his right side towards Zachary, along with his arm and the sword-guard, so that he disengages from his opponent’s sword, by moving his tip behin him in a circular motion down, around his opponent’s, and upwards. As he moves his body, stepping with his foot, he delivers a cut diagonally across the face, finishing his motion with a double-length step outside the Circle, even with the letter X, with the knee bent. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation provient de la demonstration du Cercle N.10. où l’espee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> se voit dessus l’autre: toutesfois pour l’assujettir à sa fantasie & avec plus d’avantage, il accroist le sentiment. Ce qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> appercevant par l’attouchement, il avance au mesme temps le pied, qui est eslevé, en tournant le costé droit du corps en avant, ensemble avec le bras & la garde de l’espee, si bien qu’elle se desgage de l’espee contraire, en faisant de sa poinćte un circuit en arriere & alentour de la poinćte d’icelle de bas en haut, & en continuant l’advancement du corps & du pied, qui chemine, il luy porte un coup d’estramaçon diagonal au visage, poursuivant à faire avec le pied droit un pas double en ligne droite, à planter dehors le Cercle vis à vis de la lettre X, avec le genou plié, pour y faire la charge. |
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|One could also make use of this action when making the cut to the face from the Third Instance. While putting the foot down at the letter N, the enemy made his defence, carrying the swords down to the inside much more forcefully than in Circles No 4, 8, & 9, so that one could not hold it with the bent arm, and one would be forced to let it go, giving it free rein. | |One could also make use of this action when making the cut to the face from the Third Instance. While putting the foot down at the letter N, the enemy made his defence, carrying the swords down to the inside much more forcefully than in Circles No 4, 8, & 9, so that one could not hold it with the bent arm, and one would be forced to let it go, giving it free rein. | ||
− | |On pourra | + | |On pourra aussi servir de ceste mesme operation, quand on sera venu pour donner le coup de l’estocade à la Troisieme Instance, & qu’en abaissant le pied droit à la lettre N, l’Ennemi aura fait sa defense, en transportant les espees en dedans du bras avec plus de force, qu’il n’a fait és Cercles N.4.8.& 9. de sorte qu’on ne le puisse moderer avec la courbe, & qu’on soit contraint de le laisser aller, comme à bride avallée. |
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|Alexander percieves, on this occasion, the powerful force being used to parry his thrust, and makes a half pirouette with the left foot, bringing his right foot in as quickly as possible to raise it up and and bring his right side forward with his arm and sword, in the same way as above, into the angle that is open before him. He continues with the rest, the cut and the double-length step, as is shown in the figure. | |Alexander percieves, on this occasion, the powerful force being used to parry his thrust, and makes a half pirouette with the left foot, bringing his right foot in as quickly as possible to raise it up and and bring his right side forward with his arm and sword, in the same way as above, into the angle that is open before him. He continues with the rest, the cut and the double-length step, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant, en | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant, en ceste occasion, de la grande force avec laquelle on luy pare son estocade, il fait une demi-fleurette avec le pied gauche, l’approchant le plus vistement qu’il est possible au pied droit, pour l’eslever, & se transporter en toute promptitude le costé droit devant, ensemble aussi en avançant le bras & l’espee, en la mesme sorte, que dessus, au dedans de l’angle qu’on luy ouvre: en continuant le reste, de l’estramaçon, & du pas double, à l’imitation de ce qui est representé en la figure. |
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|The real blow is made severely, but in any case, nothing prevents it from being practiced carefully, simply putting the blade in front of the face, while stepping, and moving the sword about the head as the foot comes down. | |The real blow is made severely, but in any case, nothing prevents it from being practiced carefully, simply putting the blade in front of the face, while stepping, and moving the sword about the head as the foot comes down. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il est vray, que le coup y est executé par rigueur: toutesfois il n’y a rien qui empesche de le pratiquer aussi en courtoisie; en luy presentant la lame devant le visage, cependant que le pied chemine, & cependant qu’il s’abaisse en terre, la mener circulairement outre sa teste. |
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|That being done, one could again make a second strike, either carefully or severely, as in the example of Circle No 6, following the same instructions. | |That being done, one could again make a second strike, either carefully or severely, as in the example of Circle No 6, following the same instructions. | ||
− | |Celà fait, on le pourra redoubler encore en | + | |Celà fait, on le pourra redoubler encore en courtoisie, ou en rigueur, à l’exemple de la poursuite du Cercle N.6. suivant les mesmes instrućtions. |
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− | + | | It is apparent from these examples that before one can hit the person who is holding the Direct Line posture, one must first overcome the sword. Because the large distance at the First Instance is advantageous and good for the defender, as much, in contrast, as it is difficult and inconvenient for the attacker. In fact, if you paid close attention to the demonstrations in the previous Plate V, all of Zachary’s thrusts were made from the First Instance, all of their counters were made by Alexander from the Second. As much as he never stayed in place without moving, nonetheless his hits were only begun at the instant when his enemy had closed in to the Second Instance. If someone is out of range, he is also out of danger; when at long range, he is likewise out of danger from smaller and more subtle moves. Thus is follows that, when the enemy is standing in the Direct Line posture, that one must move in closer to put him in danger, but confidently. Good foot, good eye. Believe that neither the speed of the body, nor the quickness of the arm, are nothing compared to the benefit of a good approach. Thus all the practicality of our Training is that we are always moving towards the enemy to come into the range that is most convenient and proper to the execution of our attacks. That is, if he does not bring himself into range and save us the trouble. This is what we wanted to present here, in Plate VI. More specific observations and confidence in how to proceed, shall be explained hereafter, each in its proper place. | |
− | |It is apparent from these examples that before one can hit the person who is holding the Direct Line posture, one must first overcome the sword. Because the large distance at the First Instance is advantageous and good for the defender, as much, in contrast, as it is difficult and inconvenient for the attacker. In fact, if you paid close attention to the demonstrations in the previous Plate V, all of Zachary’s thrusts were made from the First Instance, all of their counters were made by Alexander from the Second. As much as he never stayed in place without moving, nonetheless his hits were only begun at the instant when his enemy had closed in to the Second Instance. If someone is out of range, he is also out of danger; when at long range, he is likewise out of danger from smaller and more subtle moves. Thus is follows that, when the enemy is standing in the Direct Line posture, that one must move in closer to put him in danger, but confidently. Good foot, good eye. Believe that neither the speed of the body, nor the quickness of the arm, are nothing compared to the benefit of a good approach. Thus all the practicality of our Training is that we are always moving towards the enemy to come into the range that is most convenient and proper to the execution of our attacks. That is, if he does not bring himself into range and save us the trouble. This is what we wanted to present here, in Plate VI. More specific observations and confidence in how to proceed, shall be explained hereafter, each in its proper place. | + | | Il appert par ces exemples, qu’il faut necessairement venir à l’espee, premier que d’attenter sur la personne, qui se tient en ceste posture de la Droite ligne. Car la mesure large de la Premiere Instance, luy est avantageuse & propre pour les defenses, autant qu’elle est au contraire incommode & dangereuse pour celuy qui la veut assaillir. Et de fait si vous avez prins bonne garde aux demonstrations de la Table V. precedente, toutes les estocades de Zacharie, qu’il y est representé d’avoir tirées de la Premiere Instance, elles ont esté rencontrees par Alexandre à la Seconde. Car encores qu’il soit demeuré aucunesfois sans bouger de sa place, toutesfois les atteintes, qu’il a données, n’ont esté commencées, sinon à l’instant que l’Ennemi s’est avancé jusqu’à ceste Seconde Instance. Car si celuy qui est hors de mesure, est aussi hors de danger, aussi qui est en mesure large, est hors du danger des plus petits & plus subtils mouvements. S’ensuit donc, quand l’Ennemi se tient en la Droite ligne, qu’il le faut aborder plus pres, pour le mettre en danger; mais avec asseurance, Bon pied, bon œil. Et croyez hardiment, que ny la vistesse du corps, ny la promptitude du bras, ne sont rien au prix d’une bonne approche. Dont toute la Pratique de cestuy nostre Exercice sera telle, qu’on ira tousiours serrant l’Ennemy, jusqu’à venir à la mesure, qui soit convenable & juste aux executions, qui se presentent à faire; si ce n’est que luy mesme nous vienne au devant, pour nous relever de la peine. Voilà ce que nous avons voulu representer en general en ce Tableau VI. Les observations plus particulieres, & l’asseurance, comment il y faut proceder, seront declarées cy apres, chascune en son lieu. |
− | |||
− | |Il appert par ces exemples, qu’il faut | ||
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}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" |
! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 07.jpg|600px]] |
− | N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to George William (1595 – 1640) of the House of Hohenzollern, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619. | + | N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg George William] (1595 – 1640) of the House of Hohenzollern, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619. |
+ | |||
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|After Zachary saw the manner in which Alexander advanced against the Direct Line posture, subjugating his adversary’s sword at the Second Instance, and all that followed thereupon, he again put himself into the same posture, but with the intention of testing Alexander’s ability as he approaches, and to perform all manner of moves against him. In the preceeding Plate, he did nothing against him, except what he had to do of necessity in his own defense. But in this one he intends to cross his opponent’s approach with several thrusts, at the beginning, in the middle, and the end of the move during which Alexander subjugates the sword. He times his counter either at the moment when Alexander raises his right foot, or when he moves towards the Second Instance, but still in balance, or when he lowers it as his body begins to fall forward, or when he puts it down, or after he is in position. Alexander, knowing nothing of Zachary’s plans, and starts again from the Direct Line posture in the same way as before, moving into the First Instance at the other end of the Circle, with his sword likewise held underneath the other. | |After Zachary saw the manner in which Alexander advanced against the Direct Line posture, subjugating his adversary’s sword at the Second Instance, and all that followed thereupon, he again put himself into the same posture, but with the intention of testing Alexander’s ability as he approaches, and to perform all manner of moves against him. In the preceeding Plate, he did nothing against him, except what he had to do of necessity in his own defense. But in this one he intends to cross his opponent’s approach with several thrusts, at the beginning, in the middle, and the end of the move during which Alexander subjugates the sword. He times his counter either at the moment when Alexander raises his right foot, or when he moves towards the Second Instance, but still in balance, or when he lowers it as his body begins to fall forward, or when he puts it down, or after he is in position. Alexander, knowing nothing of Zachary’s plans, and starts again from the Direct Line posture in the same way as before, moving into the First Instance at the other end of the Circle, with his sword likewise held underneath the other. | ||
− | |Apres que Zacharie a veu la maniere d’Alexandre d’avancer | + | |Apres que Zacharie a veu la maniere d’Alexandre d’avancer ses approches contre la droite ligne, en assujettissant l’espee contraire à la 2. Instance, avec tout ce qui en depend; il se va planter derechef en la mesme posture, avec intention de mettre les approches d’Alexandre à l’espreuve, & de les travailler en toutes sortes à luy possibles. Car en la Table precedente il n’avoit rien fait alencontre, sinon ce qu’il estoit contraint de faire par necessité; pour la simple defense de sa personne: mais en la presente il se propose de traverser l’approche de son contraire par plusieurs estocades, tirees au commencement, à la continuation, & sur la fin de l’assujettissement de l’espee: prenant le temps qu’il leve le pied droit, ou qu’il l’avance devers la 2. Instance, le tenant encor en balance, ou qu’il l’abaisse avec le tresbuchement du corps, ou qu’il le plante à terre, ou qu’il y soit desia arrivé. Alexandre donc ne sachant rien de ceste intention, recommence à travailler sur la droite ligne, en la mesme sorte que devant, se mettant à la premiere Instance à l’autre bout du Cercle, avec l’espee semblablement en ligne droite parallele au dessous de l’autre. |
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|''Alexander subjugates his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance to the inside of the arm. He proceeds to move there with great care, as much when raising his right foot, crossing the swords, and moving forward while sliding down the blade, as when moving the blades to take the upper hand, setting his foot down on the ground precisely in place and following with the other foot deliberately, with a circular motion, until he is once again straight on his legs, as shown here in this image.'' | |''Alexander subjugates his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance to the inside of the arm. He proceeds to move there with great care, as much when raising his right foot, crossing the swords, and moving forward while sliding down the blade, as when moving the blades to take the upper hand, setting his foot down on the ground precisely in place and following with the other foot deliberately, with a circular motion, until he is once again straight on his legs, as shown here in this image.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre assujettit l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance en dedans du bras; y procedant avec grande circonspection, tant à eslever le pied droit en accouplant les espees, & à l’avancer en faisant la desgraduation, qu’à transporter les lames & à en prendre deuement la superiorité, en plantant le pied eslevé à terre au lieu & avec la justesse requise, & à poursuivre avec l’autre lent & circulairement jusqu’a ce qu’il revienne droit sur ses jambes; en la forme qu’on le voit icy en figure.'' |
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*C S is a typo in the original text. The oblique diameters run from G-S. | *C S is a typo in the original text. The oblique diameters run from G-S. | ||
− | |Et pour | + | |Et pour assujettir l’espee contraire à la seconde Instance, il commence à travailler du pied droit, l’eslevant de terre avec le genouil roide, en faisant monter au mesme temps par une petite accomodation du poignet de la main sa pointe en haut, touchant l’espee contraire en dedans, du Nombre 3. le Nombre 8. avec quelque petite pause: apres laquelle il avance le mesme pied droit devers son costé gauche, haussant encore l’espee pour la seconde fois à la faveur du poignet, avec les branches de la garde tournees un peu en dedans; de façon qu’il en conduit la pointe de sa lame un peu de travers, croisant & desgraduant l’espee contraire en graduant la sienne, & assemblant son Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. pour le moins ou 5. pour le plus: poursuivant à avancer le pied plus outre du long de la mesme ligne, jusqu’à tant que le corps commence à tresbucher: lors il se haste d’entrer, & de le planter sur le costé du Quarré Inscrit à la lettre G, continuant à eslever tout à l’instant le pied gauche, & à le porter lent & circulairement en l’air avec la jambe roide, jusqu’à ce qu’il vienne à l’opposité du creux de l’autre pied, qui est planté en terre. Or à mesure que le corps s’avance avec les susdites aćtions, il emporte aussi l’espee contraire à l’advenant, luy donnant un petit bransle du poignet de la main pour l’assujettir, en tournant les branches de sa garde en dedans verticalement, & plantant le pied gauche à present eslevé en l’air parallele au pied droit, sur la circonference du Cercle, & sur le costé du Quarré circonscrit, les orteils sur le Diametre oblique C S, & le talon à la lettre D; dont le costé gauche du corps se tourne un peu en devant, & le talon du pied droit en est tiré sur la collaterale GM; avec le bras descendant & mediocrement estendu, la garde luy revenant à l’opposite de la hanche droite, un peu plus haute, sa lame croisant l’espee contraire en travers par devant sa poitrine, & aux Nombres susmentionneez, sa point ascendant jusqu’à la hauteur du sommet de la teste contraire, le corps dressé perpendiculairement, les muscles du bras & des genoux tendus, les pieds en distance juste & proportionée, pour avoir tous ses membres à commandement, prompts, & aćtifs. |
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|Having duly subjugated his opponent’s sword, he will find that the point of contact between the two swords will be above the two Exterior Collaterals, which cross each other on the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter M. While this action was also described in Plate VI, it was only shown as one of the background figures, and it is more fully discussed here, in this Plate, and presented as a much larger figure, to clearly show the details of the posture of the body, arm and sword, and the position of the feet in the circle, as it is now time that we take a closer look at this action. Just as the figure is larger and more detailed, our description should be more complete and precise, and readers should pay closer attention. What, after all, is more important than knowing how to attack and subjugate your opponent’s sword? Or what is more useful than to be able to approach with a distinct advantage? But as superior as this is, it is also difficult. This is one of the most important sequence of operations in our System, about which we make several important cautions, which shall be explained following this discription, and without which it would be impossible to forsee all the infinite number of countermeasures that could be made against this approach. You shall see in this Plate the more notable ones, which are made by means of circular disengagements. | |Having duly subjugated his opponent’s sword, he will find that the point of contact between the two swords will be above the two Exterior Collaterals, which cross each other on the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter M. While this action was also described in Plate VI, it was only shown as one of the background figures, and it is more fully discussed here, in this Plate, and presented as a much larger figure, to clearly show the details of the posture of the body, arm and sword, and the position of the feet in the circle, as it is now time that we take a closer look at this action. Just as the figure is larger and more detailed, our description should be more complete and precise, and readers should pay closer attention. What, after all, is more important than knowing how to attack and subjugate your opponent’s sword? Or what is more useful than to be able to approach with a distinct advantage? But as superior as this is, it is also difficult. This is one of the most important sequence of operations in our System, about which we make several important cautions, which shall be explained following this discription, and without which it would be impossible to forsee all the infinite number of countermeasures that could be made against this approach. You shall see in this Plate the more notable ones, which are made by means of circular disengagements. | ||
− | | | + | |Cest asujettissement estant deuement accompli, il sera trouvé que le Centre de l’attouchement des espees respondra justement au dessus des deux collaterales exterieurs, qui s’entrecoupent sur le Diametre perpendiculaire, à la lettre M. Il est vray que la mesme operation est aussi descrite en la Table VI. toutesfois considerant, qu’elle y est demonstrée par figures de moindre taille, & qu’elle devoit estre proposée en ce Tableau present en forme plus royale, representant distinćtement la tenue du corps, du bras, de l’espee, ensemble la situation des pieds sur le Cercle, & qu’il estoit icy proprement question de la mettre à l’espreuve; nous avons trouvé bon, que comme la figure y est plus grande, que aussi les particularitez en soyent declarées en la description plus exaćtement, & quelles s’y lisent comme en de plus gros charaćteres. Car quelle chose plus noble, que de sçavoir attaquer & assujettir l’espee contraire? ou quelle plus utile, que de faire ses approches avec un si notable advantage? Mais autant qu’elle est excellente, d’autant est elle difficile: c’est l’une des plus importantes opetions [sic] de Nostre Pratique, où il faut proceder avec la caution de plusieurs observations, que seront declarées à la suite de ceste description, sans lesquelles il seroit impossible de prevenir tant de traverses, qui se pourroyent faire alencontre de ceste approche jusqu’à un Nombre infini; dont vous en verrez en ce Tableau present les plus notables, qui se font par le moyen de la cavation. |
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|One can make this subjugation against different degrees of force, according to what our adversary gives to us, because of the superior strength we have from our contact with the 8th Span against his 4th or 5th Span, before we even try to do anything with his blade. In any case one must not be complacent about having this advantage. One must take care to keep the point of contact as exactly as possible, and so diminish the power of the adversary’s sword. One must always moderate one’s own power according to the situation. If the opponent uses less force we must move the point of contact up our blade accordingly. Likewise if he increases his force, we must increase ours down the blade so the force stays the same. But if he pushes hard enough that we can feel that his blade, if we let it go, will open up his centre line with his arm and blade at an angle off to the side, then we offer no resistance, and allow his blade to fly freely off to the side and we then put ourselves inside the open angle and consequently strike him, either high, or low, according to the situation as it presents itself. | |One can make this subjugation against different degrees of force, according to what our adversary gives to us, because of the superior strength we have from our contact with the 8th Span against his 4th or 5th Span, before we even try to do anything with his blade. In any case one must not be complacent about having this advantage. One must take care to keep the point of contact as exactly as possible, and so diminish the power of the adversary’s sword. One must always moderate one’s own power according to the situation. If the opponent uses less force we must move the point of contact up our blade accordingly. Likewise if he increases his force, we must increase ours down the blade so the force stays the same. But if he pushes hard enough that we can feel that his blade, if we let it go, will open up his centre line with his arm and blade at an angle off to the side, then we offer no resistance, and allow his blade to fly freely off to the side and we then put ourselves inside the open angle and consequently strike him, either high, or low, according to the situation as it presents itself. | ||
− | |On peut faire | + | |On peut faire cest assujettissement sur plusieurs differents degrez de sentiment, que l’adversaire nous donne, à raison de la grande superiorité d’avoir assemblé le Nombre 8. avec le Nombre 4. ou 5. de l’espee contraire, avant que de rien attenter sur icelle pour la transporter. Toutefois qu’on ne se fie pas tant sur cet avantage, qu’on laisse de prendre garde, le plus exaćtement qu’il soit possible, à l’accroissement, & à la diminution de la vigueur de l’espee contraire. Car il faut tousiours temperer ses forces à l’advenant. Si elle s’affoiblit, il faut que la nostre decroisse pareillement; si elle se renforce, il faut que la nostre s’augmente alencontre, pour travailler tousiours avec poids egalement proportionné. Mais s’il fait un si grand effort, que le sentiment nous rapporte, qu’il s’en va forligner, & faire un angle avec le bras & l’espee, lors on le laisse aller tout du commencement, sans nulle resistence, afin qu’il s’escarte tant qu’il voudra, & qu’on se mette ce temps pendant dedans l’angle pour luy donner consecutivement l’atteinte en haut, ou en bas, suivant l’occasion qu’il presente. |
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|Likewise, it may happen that, when in the act of subjugating the opponent’s sword that he weakens his resistence and yet you continue to press with the same force, without having moderated your force at that instant to equalize with his, then you are in danger of overreaching with your blade and could be wounded if he makes a circular disengage and strikes over your arm. If he gives so much with his blade that you lose contact, and yours begins to fly too far off the line, you should immediately extend your arm and sword up at an obtuse angle towards his face with a little forward motion of the body, still staying in balance. Be aware of where his tip is aiming, either up towards your face, or under your arm, or to your side. Depending on where it is coming, you can defend by moving your body around in conjunction with your arm and sword. | |Likewise, it may happen that, when in the act of subjugating the opponent’s sword that he weakens his resistence and yet you continue to press with the same force, without having moderated your force at that instant to equalize with his, then you are in danger of overreaching with your blade and could be wounded if he makes a circular disengage and strikes over your arm. If he gives so much with his blade that you lose contact, and yours begins to fly too far off the line, you should immediately extend your arm and sword up at an obtuse angle towards his face with a little forward motion of the body, still staying in balance. Be aware of where his tip is aiming, either up towards your face, or under your arm, or to your side. Depending on where it is coming, you can defend by moving your body around in conjunction with your arm and sword. | ||
− | |Pareillement s’il advient, | + | |Pareillement s’il advient, estant en aćte de faire l’assujetissement, que l’ennemi s’affoiblisse, & que vous continuez au contraire la vigueur precedente, sans l’avoir temperée au mesme instant, & à l’egal de la sienne, vous serez en tresgrand danger de tresbucher de vostre lame, & de recevoir quelque atteinte par dessus le bras, par le moyen de la cavation. Que s’il affoiblit sa lame si avant, que vous en perdiez le sentiment, & qu’elle commence à tresbucher vous allongerez au mesme instant le bras & l’espee en angle obtus devers son visage; avec un petit avancement de la partie superieure du corps, le tenant cependant en balance, & en aguettant la part ou la pointe contraire tire, soit en haut devers le visage, ou dessous le bras, ou à costé; ce que discernant, vous seconderez l’extension du bras & de l’espee avec les mouvemens du corps, selon qu’il sera plus expedient pour vostre defense. |
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|One will discover with experience that those who are not schooled in these techniques and who do not understand the fundamental reasons for them, will usually allow an enemy to pull away, even drop the contact at will, without working against him, until they see where his point is going. Thy thus lose the proper timing, and real ability to defend themselves, when the enemy has made moves that far ahead, and he has taken such a degree of advantage, that one can no longer take the Direct Line position from him. Then all he needs to do is make a simple step, opening up the angle of approach, where he can enter, if he understands how to take the lead, and maintain his advantage by whatever opportunities present themselves. This demonstrates the vital necessity of being able to respond in time to an opponent’s movements, and the difference between letting him escape from your awareness of his movements and being instantly able to counter them, the latter being done with confidence, the former being very dangerous and impossible to do calmly. To avoid this problem, one must be able to instantly recognize the start of your opponent’s actions from the contact between swords. Having recognized these movements, then use your body, your arm, and your feet equally so they work together to help support the ability to connect with the sword. This is why we have described so thoroughly and precisely all the motions that happen together, including the body, the arms, and the legs. Such as raising the right foot from the ground, making a short pause, and then moving it forward with the knees straight to put it quickly on the ground. Likewise the step with the left foot in all its particulars. If the connection is not supported by the movement of the feet, it cannot be precise enough to detect and counter the opponents actions as they begin. | |One will discover with experience that those who are not schooled in these techniques and who do not understand the fundamental reasons for them, will usually allow an enemy to pull away, even drop the contact at will, without working against him, until they see where his point is going. Thy thus lose the proper timing, and real ability to defend themselves, when the enemy has made moves that far ahead, and he has taken such a degree of advantage, that one can no longer take the Direct Line position from him. Then all he needs to do is make a simple step, opening up the angle of approach, where he can enter, if he understands how to take the lead, and maintain his advantage by whatever opportunities present themselves. This demonstrates the vital necessity of being able to respond in time to an opponent’s movements, and the difference between letting him escape from your awareness of his movements and being instantly able to counter them, the latter being done with confidence, the former being very dangerous and impossible to do calmly. To avoid this problem, one must be able to instantly recognize the start of your opponent’s actions from the contact between swords. Having recognized these movements, then use your body, your arm, and your feet equally so they work together to help support the ability to connect with the sword. This is why we have described so thoroughly and precisely all the motions that happen together, including the body, the arms, and the legs. Such as raising the right foot from the ground, making a short pause, and then moving it forward with the knees straight to put it quickly on the ground. Likewise the step with the left foot in all its particulars. If the connection is not supported by the movement of the feet, it cannot be precise enough to detect and counter the opponents actions as they begin. | ||
− | |On trouvera par experience, que ceux qui ne | + | |On trouvera par experience, que ceux qui ne sont pas stylez en l’usage de ceste Pratique, & n’en comprennent encor à plein les raisons fondamentales, permettront ordinairement à l’ennemi d’affoiblir, voire mesme de destacher son espee à sa fantasie, sans travailler alencontre jusqu’à tant qu’ils voyent ou il dresse sa pointe. Dont ils viennent à perdre le temps, & la vraye occasion de leur defense; pour ce que l’ennemi quand il est venu si avant que cela, il s’est emparé tellement de la superiorité des lames, qu’on ne luy peut d’oresenavant clorre la droite ligne; ne restant autre apparence que de faire une simple parade, accompagnée d’une ouverture d’angle, où l’ennemi se peut fourrer dedans, s’il entend la maniere de prendre le temps, & de poursuivre son avantage avec telle sorte d’execution, qu’il luy viendra plus à propos. Chose qui demonstre bien la grande necessité de travailler à temps sur les mouvmens contraires, & la difference qu’il y a de se laisser eschapper les commencemens des occasions hors des mains, ou de les rencontrer tout à la premiere abordee. dont l’un se fait avec tresgrande asseurance, & l’autre avec si extreme danger, qu’il est comme impossible d’y donner ordre. Pour eviter cest inconvenient, il faut recognoistre les commencemens des aćtions contraires par l’attouchement des espees; & les recognoissant, assister le sentiment avec le secours du corps, du bras, & des pieds egalement, afin que tout aille un mesme train. C’est pourquoy, nous avons descrit si curieusement & exaćtement tous les mouvemens qui vont par ensemble, tant du corps, que du bras, & des pieds: comme d’eslever le pied droit de terre, d’en faire une petite pause, de l’avancer avec la jambe roide, de le planter hastivement à terre: pareillement aussi la demarche du pied gauche, avec toutes ses particularitez. Car si le sentiment n’estoit bien assisté du mouvement des pieds, il ne pourroit estre assez juste, pour recognoistre & rencontrer les aćtions contraires & leurs commencements. |
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|When the feet land on the ground at the Second Instance, while subjugating the opponent’s sword, they must be exactly on the lines as described. Turn the body so the left side is a little more forward, and the right side slightly back, the right arm lowered and pushed slightly forward, the guard back towards the right, slightly above the hip, with the arm and guard ready to defend the side which is more exposed to danger, as we shall see by the examples in this Plate. This is to uncover the left side to the enemy, which is easier to defend as shown in Circle No 2 in the following Plate. | |When the feet land on the ground at the Second Instance, while subjugating the opponent’s sword, they must be exactly on the lines as described. Turn the body so the left side is a little more forward, and the right side slightly back, the right arm lowered and pushed slightly forward, the guard back towards the right, slightly above the hip, with the arm and guard ready to defend the side which is more exposed to danger, as we shall see by the examples in this Plate. This is to uncover the left side to the enemy, which is easier to defend as shown in Circle No 2 in the following Plate. | ||
− | |Ce que les pieds doivent | + | |Ce que les pieds doivent ainsi tomber à terre à la Seconde Instance, & en tenant l’espee contraire assujettie, estre situez precisement sur les lignes que nous avons descrites; avec le costé gauche du corps tourneé un peu en devant, & le bras descendant, & mediocrement estendu, la garde revenant devers le costé droit, un peu plus haut que la hanche: c’est pour descouvrir à l’ennemi le costé gauche, qui est le plus facile à defendre, ainsi qu’il paroistra par le Cercle 2. du suivant; & pour tenir le costé droit d’autant plus arriere, avec le bras & la garde preparés à sa defense, comme celuy qui est le plus exposé au danger, ce qu’on verra par les exemples du Tableau present. |
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|We begin our description with Circle No 4. The figures represent the result of two different actions, one direct, the other follows on from Circle No 2. We shall begin with the first case. | |We begin our description with Circle No 4. The figures represent the result of two different actions, one direct, the other follows on from Circle No 2. We shall begin with the first case. | ||
− | |Or pour venir à | + | |Or pour venir à sa description, nous commencerons par le Cercle 4. duquel les figures representent deux differentes operations: l’une qui va de droit devant, & l’autre qui suit apres le Cercle 2. nous parlerons donc presentement de la premiere. |
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|''As soon as Alexander begins to try and cross swords, Zachary makes a thrust to the face from outside the arm. But he is surprised and wounded by Alexander who takes a step to the outside and closes the Direct Line on him.'' | |''As soon as Alexander begins to try and cross swords, Zachary makes a thrust to the face from outside the arm. But he is surprised and wounded by Alexander who takes a step to the outside and closes the Direct Line on him.'' | ||
− | |''Des qu’Alexandre commence à vouloir accoupler les | + | |''Des qu’Alexandre commence à vouloir accoupler les espees; Zacharie luy tire une estocade en dehors du bras devers le visage: dont il est luy mesme surprins & blessé par Alexandre, en destournant la demarche un peu en dehors, & luy fermant la droite ligne.'' |
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|Both parties begin at the First Instance in the Direct Line posture, swords parallel. Alexander begins to move intending to subjugate his opponent’s sword when he arrives at the Second Instance. To do this, he raised his right foot, and crossed his opponent’s sword to the inside, his strong part against the weak part. Zachary makes a circular disengage under and around his opponent’s arm, then gives a determined thrust with a straight arm from outside Alexander’s arm, stepping forward with his right foot up to the letter R along the Diameter. Alexander sensesing that he has lost contact with his opponent’s sword, instantly extends his arm and sends the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face, the tip slightly up, crossing his opponent’s sword, and, taking a step to the outside, he leans backwards, his body erect in profile, and puts his right foot down at the second intersection along the Interior Collateral C-S, while sliding the point of contact up the blade in a circular motion over his enemy’s guard, to wound him in the face. He draws his left foot up into place, to the increase the power of his thrust. This is shown in the picture of him in Circle No 4. | |Both parties begin at the First Instance in the Direct Line posture, swords parallel. Alexander begins to move intending to subjugate his opponent’s sword when he arrives at the Second Instance. To do this, he raised his right foot, and crossed his opponent’s sword to the inside, his strong part against the weak part. Zachary makes a circular disengage under and around his opponent’s arm, then gives a determined thrust with a straight arm from outside Alexander’s arm, stepping forward with his right foot up to the letter R along the Diameter. Alexander sensesing that he has lost contact with his opponent’s sword, instantly extends his arm and sends the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face, the tip slightly up, crossing his opponent’s sword, and, taking a step to the outside, he leans backwards, his body erect in profile, and puts his right foot down at the second intersection along the Interior Collateral C-S, while sliding the point of contact up the blade in a circular motion over his enemy’s guard, to wound him in the face. He draws his left foot up into place, to the increase the power of his thrust. This is shown in the picture of him in Circle No 4. | ||
− | | | + | |S’estans trouvez les deux parties à la Premiere Instance en posture de la droite ligne, les espees paralleles l’une à l’autre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler avec intention d’assujettir l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance. Et pour ce faire, ayant levé le pied droit, en touchant l’espee contraire en dedans, du foible le fort; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait sa cavation, & luy tire avec le bras roide une estocade resolue devers le visage en dehors du bras, avançant le pied droit jusqu’au point R. sur le Diametre. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le sentiment, que l’espee contraire se commence à se destacher, il estend tout au mesme instant le bras & l’espee devers son visage, la pointe d’icelle un peu ascendante, en croisant l’espee contraire & en destournant sa demarche en dehors, avec le dos panché à l’envers, & le corps dressé en pourfil, il pose le pied à terre sur la seconde intersećtion de la collaterale CS. en graduant circulairement l’espee de son ennemi, & le blessant au visage; & laissant suivre le pied gauche en trainant proportionnellement, pour accoistre la vigueur de son estocade: ainsi qu’on le voit au pourtrait de sa figure, Cercle 4. |
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|Zachary performed this circular disengage immediately after the blades made contact and as Alexander paused just after he raised his right foot. He could as well done this while Alexander was stepping to the left and forcing the swords over to the side, before Alexander reached the point of losing balance. In that case, Alexander responds in the same way. That is, he moves into the enemy by stepping along the Diameter, as far as possible, so as to control his opponent’s sword more easily, almost the same way as when forcing it aside, by crossing over top of the blade as it goes under. The more one closes the distance by moving along the Diameter, the more easily one can close off the Direct Line, and, at the same time, force his enemy’s sword out at a greater angle, leaving a safer opening to step into. | |Zachary performed this circular disengage immediately after the blades made contact and as Alexander paused just after he raised his right foot. He could as well done this while Alexander was stepping to the left and forcing the swords over to the side, before Alexander reached the point of losing balance. In that case, Alexander responds in the same way. That is, he moves into the enemy by stepping along the Diameter, as far as possible, so as to control his opponent’s sword more easily, almost the same way as when forcing it aside, by crossing over top of the blade as it goes under. The more one closes the distance by moving along the Diameter, the more easily one can close off the Direct Line, and, at the same time, force his enemy’s sword out at a greater angle, leaving a safer opening to step into. | ||
− | |Or | + | |Or ainsi que cest cavation à esté faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie tout à l’instant, apres l’eslevation du pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, & de l’attouchement des deux lames, assavoir durant la premiere pause; aussi la pourra il faire durant l’avancement du mesme pied devers le costé gauche au commencement du transport de son espee, avant que le corps d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre commence à tresbucher. Cela estant, il se faudra regler encor en la mesme sorte. C’est qu’on entrerera sur l’ennemi en allant devers le Diametre, le plus qu’il sera possible, afin de porter l’espee tant plus facilement, quasi par maniere de jetter, en croisant, au dessus de celle qui fait la cavation. Car autant plus qu’on s’en approche en tirant vers le Diametre, autant plus aisement on luy pourra fermer la droite ligne, & autant plus grand sera l’angle, qui nous sera ouvert pour y entrer au mesme temps, avec plus d’asseurance. |
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|''At the instant Alexander begins to overbalance and his foot goes to the ground, Zachary strikes with a thrust to the face from the outside. Alexander forstalls this before he can complete his circular disengage by moving forward to the inside and sliding his blade up, keeping the arm straight and the point aimed at his face.'' | |''At the instant Alexander begins to overbalance and his foot goes to the ground, Zachary strikes with a thrust to the face from the outside. Alexander forstalls this before he can complete his circular disengage by moving forward to the inside and sliding his blade up, keeping the arm straight and the point aimed at his face.'' | ||
− | |''A | + | |''A l’instant que le pied droit d’Alexandre commence à tres-bucher vers terre; Zacharie luy va tirer une estocade devers le visage en dehors du bras: dont Alexandre le previent avant qu’il ait achevé sa cavation, en entrant plus avant dedans & graduant sa lame; avec le bras roide & la pointe dressée contre son visage.'' |
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|This time, Zachary begins his circular disengagement at the moment his adversary begins to overbalance. He extends his sword with a straight arm and again aims his thrust in the Direct Line, just as before, towards his opponent’s face from outside the arm, while moving forward and stepping up to the letter V on the Diameter. As soon as Alexander feels his opponents blade weaken against his, as it goes dies away, without even waiting for the disengage, he moves his own blade forward by extending his arm, raising the tip of his sword a little towards his opponent’s face, across the opposing sword. He slides the point of contact up and steps with his right foot just inside the Inside Square. He draws his left foot up to the Exterior Collateral G-M to put himself into profile, stopping the point with precision in front of his opponent’s eyes, as shown in the figure. | |This time, Zachary begins his circular disengagement at the moment his adversary begins to overbalance. He extends his sword with a straight arm and again aims his thrust in the Direct Line, just as before, towards his opponent’s face from outside the arm, while moving forward and stepping up to the letter V on the Diameter. As soon as Alexander feels his opponents blade weaken against his, as it goes dies away, without even waiting for the disengage, he moves his own blade forward by extending his arm, raising the tip of his sword a little towards his opponent’s face, across the opposing sword. He slides the point of contact up and steps with his right foot just inside the Inside Square. He draws his left foot up to the Exterior Collateral G-M to put himself into profile, stopping the point with precision in front of his opponent’s eyes, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Mais voicy que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> commence à faire | + | |Mais voicy que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> commence à faire sa cavation, au temps que le corps de sa partie adverse commence à tresbucher; en estendant l’espee avec le bras roide, & en tirant derechef son estocade en ligne droite, ainsi que dessus, vers le visage de sa partie par dehors le bras, avançant le corps & le pied jusqu’à la lettre V. sur le Diametre. Si tost qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le sentiment, que la lame contraire s’affoiblit, voire qu’elle s’amortit; sans attendre qu’elle soit destachee, il avance la sienne avec le bras estendu, la pointe un peu montante vers le visage du contraire, au travers de sa dite espee; icelle graduant, & entrant avec le pied droit un peu au dedans du Quarré Inscrit; & laissant trainer le gauche proportionnellement derriere sur la collaterale exterieure GM. dont il se met en pourfil, en arrestant sa pointe en courtoisie devant les yeux de sa partie, suivant la representation de la figure. |
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|This circular disengage occurs at the instant the opponent begins to overbalance is much more dangerous for Alexander than the preceeding one, which happens while his body is still in balance, and so consequently he has better control. This is the reason why we chose to show this second encounter in this figure, as it is the most difficult. You should also know that it is the moment Zachary will choose most often to attack with his circular disengagement. He waits just a bit, until Alexander’s foot is almost on the ground, so that he cannot put it anywhere else than at the letter G, where he expects to be able to subjugate his opponent’s sword, so the circular disengage is even more advantageous. In any case, the response remains the same, as long as one can begin to work in time, and move into profile, the same as before. | |This circular disengage occurs at the instant the opponent begins to overbalance is much more dangerous for Alexander than the preceeding one, which happens while his body is still in balance, and so consequently he has better control. This is the reason why we chose to show this second encounter in this figure, as it is the most difficult. You should also know that it is the moment Zachary will choose most often to attack with his circular disengagement. He waits just a bit, until Alexander’s foot is almost on the ground, so that he cannot put it anywhere else than at the letter G, where he expects to be able to subjugate his opponent’s sword, so the circular disengage is even more advantageous. In any case, the response remains the same, as long as one can begin to work in time, and move into profile, the same as before. | ||
− | | | + | |C’este cavation qui se fait à l’instant que la Partie commence à tresbucher du corps, est plus dangereuse pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, que la precedente, qui se fait durant qu’il se soustient le corps encor en balance, & par consequent qu’il le peut miex gouverner. C’est la cause pourquoy nous avons voulu representer ceste deuxieme rencontre en figure, comme estant la plus difficile. Aussi devez vous sçavoir que c’est le temps que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie prendra le plus souvent pour tirer avec sa cavation; que s’il attend encor d’avantage jusqu’à tant que le pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre soit en aćte de s’abaisser, de façon qu’il ne soit plus en son pouvoir de le planter autrepart, qu’à la lettre G. ou il s’attendoit d’assujettir l’espee, la cavation luy sera, en ce faisant, encor plus avantageuse. Toutesfois on en fera la rencontre en la mesme sorte, moyennant qu’on cōmence à travailler au commencement du temps, en mettant consequemment le corps en pourfil tout de mesme qu’auparavant. |
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|''Alexander makes his thrust powerfully. He forces the opponent’s sword and arm aside while moving into the Centre, and pushing his sword with all his strength through his opponent’s head.'' | |''Alexander makes his thrust powerfully. He forces the opponent’s sword and arm aside while moving into the Centre, and pushing his sword with all his strength through his opponent’s head.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre faisant l’execution de l’estocade en vigueur, il force le bras & l’espee contraire, en entrant jusqu’au Centre, & poussant l’espee detoute sa force à travers la teste de son adversaire.'' |
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|This is the final part of Alexander’s thrust, from the previous Circle. He moves forward with his arm straight, sliding the point of contact up the crossed blades as he steps with his right foot into the Centre, bending the right knee and drawing the left foot behind up to the letter G, so as to put the full weight of his body leaning forwards behind the hit. Thus he will connect with his opponent’s guard hard enough to force it back, and his opponent’s arm to bend. He lets his opponent’s sword fall away to the side, and makes a large enough angle that his opponent loses all possibility of defense. | |This is the final part of Alexander’s thrust, from the previous Circle. He moves forward with his arm straight, sliding the point of contact up the crossed blades as he steps with his right foot into the Centre, bending the right knee and drawing the left foot behind up to the letter G, so as to put the full weight of his body leaning forwards behind the hit. Thus he will connect with his opponent’s guard hard enough to force it back, and his opponent’s arm to bend. He lets his opponent’s sword fall away to the side, and makes a large enough angle that his opponent loses all possibility of defense. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est la finale execution de l’estocade precedente, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, en avançant le corps, graduant les lames avec le bras roide, & entrant avec le pied droit jusqu’au centre, en pliant le genouil d’iceluy, pour y faire avec l’execution du coup la charge du corps, en panchant sur le devant; & trainant le pied gauche derriere bien pres de la lettre G. de sorte qu’il vient rencontrer si rudement la garde contraire, qu’elle est contraint de luy ceder, & pliant le bras, & laissant escouler sa lame à costé; dont il se fait une si large ouverture d’angle, qu’il en perd toute apparance de sa defense. |
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|''Zachary makes his circular disengagement and aims his thrust from the outside of the arm towards the face of his adversary at the moment his sword is forced aside. So Alexander leaned backwards and stepped, and made his hit while Zachary’s sword was below his during the disengage, and followed with his left foot for for support.'' | |''Zachary makes his circular disengagement and aims his thrust from the outside of the arm towards the face of his adversary at the moment his sword is forced aside. So Alexander leaned backwards and stepped, and made his hit while Zachary’s sword was below his during the disengage, and followed with his left foot for for support.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie fait | + | |''Zacharie fait sa cavation, & tire l’estocade en dehors du bras devers le visage de sa partie adverse au temps que son espee est assujettie: dont Alexandre marché à l’envers avec le dos panché de mesme, en luy donnant l’atteinte par dessus l’espee durant le temps de la cavation, l’assistant avec la poursuite du pied gauche.'' |
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|This circular disengage was made even later than the previous one, after Alexander subjugated his adversary’s sword, with an appropriate degree of force, as he moved over to the Second Instance, as shown in Circle No 1. Zachary made a feint so as to be able to wound him with a Direct Line thrust to the face from the outside and over his sword. He moved forward, stepping in with the right foot along Diameter almost to the letter R, following on by shifting his weight onto the forward knee, in the usual style. At the same instant that Alexander feels his opponent’s sword leave his, he extends his arm and sword towards his opponent’s face, with the tip raised up a little, and leans back, while stepping backwards with his right foot, just beyond the Diameter, near the letter E, while moving his sword in a circular motion over and across his opponent’s, so as to catch it and thrust at him. His left foot follows, bringing it up into position, sliding the contact of his sword up his opponent’s, and turning sideways, as is shown in the picture. | |This circular disengage was made even later than the previous one, after Alexander subjugated his adversary’s sword, with an appropriate degree of force, as he moved over to the Second Instance, as shown in Circle No 1. Zachary made a feint so as to be able to wound him with a Direct Line thrust to the face from the outside and over his sword. He moved forward, stepping in with the right foot along Diameter almost to the letter R, following on by shifting his weight onto the forward knee, in the usual style. At the same instant that Alexander feels his opponent’s sword leave his, he extends his arm and sword towards his opponent’s face, with the tip raised up a little, and leans back, while stepping backwards with his right foot, just beyond the Diameter, near the letter E, while moving his sword in a circular motion over and across his opponent’s, so as to catch it and thrust at him. His left foot follows, bringing it up into position, sliding the contact of his sword up his opponent’s, and turning sideways, as is shown in the picture. | ||
− | |Voicy une cavation qui a | + | |Voicy une cavation qui a esté faite encor plus tard, que la precedente. Car apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> tenoit l’espee contraire assujettie à la Seconde Instance, en la forme du Cercle 1. avec un sentiment moderé de part & d’autre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy est venu faire une feinte pour le blesser en droite ligne au visage, par dehors & par dessus l’espee; en avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit un peu par deça le Diametre, quasi à la lettre R. poursuivant à faire la charge du corps sur le genouil de devant, à la mode accoustumée. Au mesme instant donc qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le sentiment de l’affoiblissement de l’espee contraire se voulant delivrer de la sienne, il luy estend le bras & l’espee devers le visage, avec la pointe quelque peu haussé, marchant du pied droit à reculons avec la jambe roide & le dos panché à l’envers au delà du Diametre, & outre la lettre E. jettant au mesme temps son espee circulairement sur l’espee de son contraire en croisant, & luy donnant l’atteinte; laquelle il poursuit avec le pied gauche, trainant proportionnellement apres, en graduant les espees, & se mettant en pourfil; comme il est demonstré en sa figure. |
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|''This is the final execution of the preceding, which follows from the others.'' | |''This is the final execution of the preceding, which follows from the others.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''C’est l’execution de la precedente, procedant en conformité des autres'' |
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|Here Alexander executes the final part of his thrust. He keeps his arm straight, steps in along the Diameter between the letter H and the Centre, puts his weight over the forward knee, draws his left foot up behind, sliding up the blades until he strikes his opponents guard with all his strength so hard that Zachary is forced to bend his arm and let his tip fly up at an obtuse angle, as is shown in the figure. | |Here Alexander executes the final part of his thrust. He keeps his arm straight, steps in along the Diameter between the letter H and the Centre, puts his weight over the forward knee, draws his left foot up behind, sliding up the blades until he strikes his opponents guard with all his strength so hard that Zachary is forced to bend his arm and let his tip fly up at an obtuse angle, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est icy l’execution finale de la mesme estocade, faite par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> avec le bras roide, en entrant du pied droit sur le Diametre entre la lettre H. & le Centre: continuant à faire la charge en panchant sur le genouil anterieur, & à trainer le pied gauche apres, en graduant les lames jusqu’a rencontrer la garde de l’ennemi, de toute sa force si rudement, qu’il le contraint de courber le bras, & de laisser aller sa pointe en haut en angle obtus; comme on le voit representé en sa figure. |
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|''Zachary again tries his circular disengagement, and subsequent thrust with the same timing and form as described above, in Circle No 4. Alexander prevents this another way, by stepping further in during the circular disengage, taking the Direct Line and thrusting through the head.'' | |''Zachary again tries his circular disengagement, and subsequent thrust with the same timing and form as described above, in Circle No 4. Alexander prevents this another way, by stepping further in during the circular disengage, taking the Direct Line and thrusting through the head.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie | + | |''Zacharie faisant derechef le cavation, & consequement l’estocade au temps & en la forme que dessus, Cercle N.4. Alexandre le previent en une autre sorte, se mettant durant le temps de la cavation dedans l’angle, en prennant la droite ligne, & luy perçant en rigueur la teste.'' |
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|This action also follows on from Circle No 1. As Alexander moved carefully to the Second Instance, keeping his opponent’s sword subjugated with a sensitive, light touch, enough to hold it, but not more. Then Zachary again makes his circular disengage to the outside, coming in, with his arm extended, along the diameter, stepping between the letters V & R. | |This action also follows on from Circle No 1. As Alexander moved carefully to the Second Instance, keeping his opponent’s sword subjugated with a sensitive, light touch, enough to hold it, but not more. Then Zachary again makes his circular disengage to the outside, coming in, with his arm extended, along the diameter, stepping between the letters V & R. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est operation procede aussi de l’avantage representé au Cercle 1. Car <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a esté planté preallablement à la Seconde Instance, tenant l’espee contraire assujettie, avec un sentiment mediocre & temperé des deux costez. Lors <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy a fait une cavation pour le blesser derechef au visage par dehors l’espee, en entrant sur luy avec le bras estendu sur le Diametre, au milieu des lettres V. & R. |
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|While this position very much resembles that of Circle No 4, this interaction is, however, different. Because as soon as Alexander feels Zachary’s blade fall away, which it must to perform the circular disengage around his arm, which also opens up an angle and leaves Zachary’s face uncovered for a moment before he can thrust. At that moment Alexander lengthens his arm in the Direct Line posture, moves into this angle, and, by stepping straight towards the enemy along the collateral, from where he had stopped his right foot before, up to the letter L, he delivers a thrust to his opponent’s uncovered face, in the same way and with the follow-through that has been described above, by putting his weight on the forward knee while leaning, and drawing the left foot up behind, almost to G, as is shown in the figure, where he has executed a powerful blow. | |While this position very much resembles that of Circle No 4, this interaction is, however, different. Because as soon as Alexander feels Zachary’s blade fall away, which it must to perform the circular disengage around his arm, which also opens up an angle and leaves Zachary’s face uncovered for a moment before he can thrust. At that moment Alexander lengthens his arm in the Direct Line posture, moves into this angle, and, by stepping straight towards the enemy along the collateral, from where he had stopped his right foot before, up to the letter L, he delivers a thrust to his opponent’s uncovered face, in the same way and with the follow-through that has been described above, by putting his weight on the forward knee while leaning, and drawing the left foot up behind, almost to G, as is shown in the figure, where he has executed a powerful blow. | ||
− | |Il | + | |Il est vray que l’occasion est toute semblable à celle du Cercle 4. toutefois la rencontre en est differente. Car dés qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit par le sentiment, que la lame de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’affoiblit pour se destacher, dont elle sera forcee (pour faire la cavation) d’aller circulairement à l’entour de son bras, & d’ouvrir un angle avec descouvrement du visage, avant qu’il puisse donner l’atteinte; au mesme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> allonge le bras avec l’espee en ligne droite, se mettant dedans l’angle susdit, & cheminant droitement sur l’ennemi au long de la collaterale; ou il tenoit paravant le pied droit arresté; le blessant au descouvert du visage, & posant le pied à terre à la lettre L. avec poursuite & execution du mesme coup, à faire ainsi qu’il a esté dit à plusieurs fois cy dessus, en chargeant le corps avec un panchement sur le genouil de devant, & trainant le pied gauche proproionnellement derriere bien pres jusqu’au G. ainsi qu’il se voit en la figure, ou il s’en fait l’execution par rigueur. |
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|''Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and tries his thrust to the face from the outside with a bent arm at the moment when Alexander begins to overbalance and step back to the ground. As Alexander put his foot down and straightened his tip, he changed direction and diverted his opponent’s sword, subjugating it to the outside, and putting himself into the open angle.'' | |''Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and tries his thrust to the face from the outside with a bent arm at the moment when Alexander begins to overbalance and step back to the ground. As Alexander put his foot down and straightened his tip, he changed direction and diverted his opponent’s sword, subjugating it to the outside, and putting himself into the open angle.'' | ||
− | |''La cavitation | + | |''La cavitation estant fait par Zacharie, l’estocade tirée devers le visage en dehors du bras en ligne courbé, au temps que le pied d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher en terre; ledit Alexandre ayant planté le pied & dressé sa poinćte il en modere la course, & en divertissant l’espee contraire il l’assujettit en dehors, en se mettant dedans les angles.'' |
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|We again find our two opponents at the First Instance, and Alexander begins to work the same way. To subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second, he raised and moved his right foot, according to the instructions in Circle No 1, having forced the sword over, to the point where he begins to overbalance. At this instant, Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and gives him a bent-arm thrust from outside the arm and above the sword, to the face, stepping with his right foot along the Diameter to the letter V. | |We again find our two opponents at the First Instance, and Alexander begins to work the same way. To subjugate his opponent’s blade at the Second, he raised and moved his right foot, according to the instructions in Circle No 1, having forced the sword over, to the point where he begins to overbalance. At this instant, Zachary makes his circular disengagement, and gives him a bent-arm thrust from outside the arm and above the sword, to the face, stepping with his right foot along the Diameter to the letter V. | ||
− | | | + | |S’estant derechef trouvez les deux contraires à la Premiere Instance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler encor de mesme, pour faire l’assujetissement à la Seconde, ayant haussé & avancé le pied droit, suivant les instrućtions du Cercle 1. & emporté l’espee, jusqu’à ce qu’il vient sur le point de tresbucher: auquel instant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> fait la cavation, & luy porte une estocade courbe, en dehors du bras & par dessus l’espee devers le visage, entrant du pied droit sur le Diametre à la lettre V. |
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|Alexander once again feels the lower blade begin to disengage, at that instant he extends his arm and sword, but deliberately towards his opponent’s face, setting his right foot down at the letter G. He swiftly picks up his left. Upon percieving the bent-arm, how his enemy is folding his arm to the inside, with the interior branch of the crosspiece turned diagonally upwards, and the tip of his adversary’s sword coming at his face, he interrupts the thrust of the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face mid-way and turns it to his own defence, crossing swords to the outside, his tip raised up and his guard lowered with his arm extended, which he does while he is moving forward and stepping in with his left side, pivoting around on his right foot, all the while putting the 5th Span of his blade against the 8th Span of his opponent. He supports his arm with his body, holding his elbow against his side, and moves beyond the Perpendicular Diameter into the open angle that he creates as he forces his opponent’s sword aside, putting his left foot down beyond the Diameter at the letter Q. Then holding his opponent’s sword down with carefully applied force, he aims his tip upwards, with his body leaning slightly forwards, and his forward knee bent, as is shown in the figure. | |Alexander once again feels the lower blade begin to disengage, at that instant he extends his arm and sword, but deliberately towards his opponent’s face, setting his right foot down at the letter G. He swiftly picks up his left. Upon percieving the bent-arm, how his enemy is folding his arm to the inside, with the interior branch of the crosspiece turned diagonally upwards, and the tip of his adversary’s sword coming at his face, he interrupts the thrust of the tip of his sword towards his opponent’s face mid-way and turns it to his own defence, crossing swords to the outside, his tip raised up and his guard lowered with his arm extended, which he does while he is moving forward and stepping in with his left side, pivoting around on his right foot, all the while putting the 5th Span of his blade against the 8th Span of his opponent. He supports his arm with his body, holding his elbow against his side, and moves beyond the Perpendicular Diameter into the open angle that he creates as he forces his opponent’s sword aside, putting his left foot down beyond the Diameter at the letter Q. Then holding his opponent’s sword down with carefully applied force, he aims his tip upwards, with his body leaning slightly forwards, and his forward knee bent, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant derechef par le | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant derechef par le sentiment, que la lame inferieure se commence à destacher, tout au mesme instant il allonge le bras & l’espee, mais lentement en ligne droite devers le visage d’iceluy, abaissant le pied droit à la lettre G. & eslevant fort hastivement le gauche: lors s’appercevant de la courbe, & comment son ennemi se plie le bras en dedans, avec la branche interieure de la garde tournée diagonalement en haut, & la pointe venante vers son visage; il arreste la course de sa pointe, qui estoit en train & à my-chemin de donner au visage du contraire, dont il la destourne en faisant sa defense, & accouplant les espees par dehors le bras en croisant, sa pointe dressée en haut, & sa garde descendante avec le bras estendu (ce qu’il fait durant l’avancement & l’entree du costé gauche) tournant le corps sur le pied droit en forme circulaire, de façon qu’il assemble durant ce mesme temps son Nombre 5. avec le Nombre 8. peu plus ou moins de sa partie; & assiste le bras de l’aide du corps, l’affermissant contre le flanc, & se met au dedans de la perpendiculaire & des angles qu’il s’ouvre luy mesme en destournant l’espee contraire, posant le pied gauche à terre par deça le Diametre à la lettre Q. & tenant l’espee contraire en devoir avec un sentiment temperé, sa pointe dressée contremont, avec le corps un bien peu panchant, & le genouil de la jambe anterieure plié; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|It is worthwhile to make a few points about this last action, because it frequently happens, in almost all circumstances, that we are faced with a bent-arm attack. | |It is worthwhile to make a few points about this last action, because it frequently happens, in almost all circumstances, that we are faced with a bent-arm attack. | ||
− | |Il vaut la peine de faire quelques annotations | + | |Il vaut la peine de faire quelques annotations sur ceste derniere operation, à cause qu’elle vient souvent à propos, quasi en toutes occurrences, où on nous presente la courbe. |
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|To begin, take the first case where the enemy makes his circular disengagement and thrust, as soon as you have raised your right foot and attacked his sword at the First Instance. The remedy to this is to advance your raised foot with a short step in a direct line, in the Circle, a little beside the Diameter, while keeping the rest of the precepts. | |To begin, take the first case where the enemy makes his circular disengagement and thrust, as soon as you have raised your right foot and attacked his sword at the First Instance. The remedy to this is to advance your raised foot with a short step in a direct line, in the Circle, a little beside the Diameter, while keeping the rest of the precepts. | ||
− | |Et premierement | + | |Et premierement posé le cas, que l’ennemi vous en tire une en faisant la cavation, dés que vous avez levé le pied droit, & attaqué son espee à la Premiere Instance. Le remede sera d’avancer le pied, qui est eslevé, d’un pas mediocre en ligne droite, en dedans du Cercle, un peu par deça le Diametre, en observant au reste les mesmes præceptes. |
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|For the second case, he makes his circular disengagement while you are moving your right foot towards the Second Instance, but while you can still respond. The remedy will again be to move the foot directly towards him, with a short step, and putting it down on the Exterior Transverse between the letters G and E. | |For the second case, he makes his circular disengagement while you are moving your right foot towards the Second Instance, but while you can still respond. The remedy will again be to move the foot directly towards him, with a short step, and putting it down on the Exterior Transverse between the letters G and E. | ||
− | |Pour le | + | |Pour le second, qu’il face la cavation durant l’avancement du pied droit, allant devers la Seconde Instance, tandis que vous l’avez encore à commandement. Le remede sera derechef de porter le pied droitement sur luy, en faisant un pas mediocre, & le plantant sur la traversante exterieure entre les deux lettres G. E. |
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|If he waits until you are just at the point of overbalancing, again, you must step to the side, as much as possible, and straighten directly against the enemy on the Collateral line before the letter G. | |If he waits until you are just at the point of overbalancing, again, you must step to the side, as much as possible, and straighten directly against the enemy on the Collateral line before the letter G. | ||
− | |s’Il attend | + | |s’Il attend jusqu’à tant, que vous soyez sur le point de tresbucher, encores faudra il destourner la demarche, tant qu’il sera possible & la dresser tout droitement contre l’ennemi sur la ligne collaterale plus avant que la lettre G. |
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|He might also make his circular disengagement at the instant when the body and foot are at the point of overbalancing, in such as way that it is impossible for you to put your foot anywhere but at the letter G, as intended. This is the most dangerous moment of all. For as you overbalance with your body and your blade, they are that much more difficult to control and use for your defence. This is why we chose this moment to illustrate the Plate, as being the most advantageous for the lower blade. | |He might also make his circular disengagement at the instant when the body and foot are at the point of overbalancing, in such as way that it is impossible for you to put your foot anywhere but at the letter G, as intended. This is the most dangerous moment of all. For as you overbalance with your body and your blade, they are that much more difficult to control and use for your defence. This is why we chose this moment to illustrate the Plate, as being the most advantageous for the lower blade. | ||
− | |Il pourra | + | |Il pourra aussi faire sa cavation, à l’instant que le corps & le pied sont desia en aćte de tresbucher, de façon qu’il vous est impossible de divertir le pied, qu’il ne tombe à la lettre G. Selon vostre premiere intention: que est le temps le plus dangereux de touts. Car d’autant que vous tresbuchez du corps & de la lame, aussi sont ils plus difficiles à gouverner, & à vous en servir pour la defense. C’est pourquoy nous avons proposé au Tableau ce temps pour un exemple, comme estant le plus avantageux pour la lame inferieure. |
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|Sometimes he will do his circular disengagement after his sword is subjugated as it appears in Circle No 1. Then you should once again move in a little with the right foot, and at the same time raise the left foot, move it forward in a circular motion, by pivoting on the right, and following on as previously described. | |Sometimes he will do his circular disengagement after his sword is subjugated as it appears in Circle No 1. Then you should once again move in a little with the right foot, and at the same time raise the left foot, move it forward in a circular motion, by pivoting on the right, and following on as previously described. | ||
− | |Il fera quelquefois | + | |Il fera quelquefois sa cavation apres l’assujettissement de son espee accompli en la forme du Cercle 1. Lors il vous conviendra derechef entrer quelque peu avec le pied droit, en eslevant quant & quant le gauche, & le portant circulirement en avant, avec un tour du corps pour faire sur le pied droit, & ensuivant au reste la description, qui en a esté donnée. |
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|Note this last one is the safest for Alexander. In this case, he is best served by the instructions for Circle No 6. Because after he reaches the Second Instance, there is no significant difference in whether Zachary comes at him with a direct line thrust or a bent-arm thrust. Because in either case, he must pass his sword in a circular move underneath the guard before he can raise the tip up to point at the face. The way in which Alexander has a care for the feel of the blade, and if he begins his work as soon as the enemy begins, by extending the arm and sword, moving his body forward, and stepping in with the right foot, he will have wounded his enemy, by putting himself inside the angles, before his opponent’s sword has finished its circular disengagement. | |Note this last one is the safest for Alexander. In this case, he is best served by the instructions for Circle No 6. Because after he reaches the Second Instance, there is no significant difference in whether Zachary comes at him with a direct line thrust or a bent-arm thrust. Because in either case, he must pass his sword in a circular move underneath the guard before he can raise the tip up to point at the face. The way in which Alexander has a care for the feel of the blade, and if he begins his work as soon as the enemy begins, by extending the arm and sword, moving his body forward, and stepping in with the right foot, he will have wounded his enemy, by putting himself inside the angles, before his opponent’s sword has finished its circular disengagement. | ||
− | |Or ce dernier temps | + | |Or ce dernier temps c’est le plus seur de tous pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre. Et vaut mieux qu’en telle rencontre il se serve des instrućtions du Cercle 6. Car apres qu’il est venu si avant, que de s’estre mis à la Seconde Instance, soit que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie luy tire ceste estocade en ligne droite, ou en ligne courbe, il n’y a pas grand differēce. Car aussi bien faut il necessairement, qu’il passe l’espee circulairement par dessoubs, avant que de la remonter en haut pour vous tirer vers le visage. De maniere que si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre prend bon esgard au sentiment, & qu’il commence à travailler dés que l’ennemi commence, en allongeant le bras & l’espee, avançant le corps, & entrant du pied droit, il aura blessé l’ennemi, en se logeant dedans les angles, avant que l’espee contraire ait accompli sa cavation. |
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*(Note: find a new partner.) | *(Note: find a new partner.) | ||
− | |En outre comme il | + | |En outre comme il se presentera souventesfois en faisant l’Exercice, des doubtes à debattre touchant operations, qui ont leur usage en allant de la Seconde Instance à la Troisieme. Pour lesquelles examiner il est necessaire d’en faire l’espreuve: & qu’en tel cas, pour venir au poinćt de la dispute, qui gist entre la Seconde & la Troisieme Instance, on se dispense ordinairement d’aller jusqu’à la Seconde avec moins de circonspećtion. s’Il advient donc, que la partie adverse nous abuse durant ce premier temps (qui devroit estre exempt de toutes traverses, à cause que le debat ne se peut vuider, qu’apres l’assujettissement de l’espee deuement & librement accompli:) s’il nous donne donc en ce temps la quelque traverse de cavation, pour nous toucher le visage en droite ligne, on ne pourra faire si bien la rencontre en ligne droite, comme il seroit requis, pour n’avoir assez bien commené la besogne. Vous pourrez amender ceste inadvertence par le moyen & à l’exemple de ceste operation presente, en faisant avec le costé gauche du corps tourné en devant; dont le visage, qui est le poinćt où il avoit destiné l’atteinte sortira de presence, & si en gaignerez vous le temps & la commodité de poursuivre le reste à l’exemple des courbes, suivant la description de ces Cercles 7. & 8. |
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|Likewise, it sometimes happens that you put too much effort into moving the opponent’s sword in order to subjugate it, or move your right foot too quickly, and thereupon your opponent chooses that moment to perform his circular disengagement. You cannot make use of the Direct Line because you are already committed to the move and have become unbalanced. Nevertheless, you can recover by using this counter against bent-arm attacks. | |Likewise, it sometimes happens that you put too much effort into moving the opponent’s sword in order to subjugate it, or move your right foot too quickly, and thereupon your opponent chooses that moment to perform his circular disengagement. You cannot make use of the Direct Line because you are already committed to the move and have become unbalanced. Nevertheless, you can recover by using this counter against bent-arm attacks. | ||
− | |Pareillement s’il advient, que vous ayez fait trop d’effort en emportant | + | |Pareillement s’il advient, que vous ayez fait trop d’effort en emportant l’espee contraire pour l’aller assujettir, ou que le pied droit ait cheminé trop vistement; & que la dessus la partie adverse face la cavation; ne vous pouvant servir assez justement de la ligne droite, à cause du tresbuchement inevitable, pour la faute qui est desia commise: elle pourra neantmoins estre amandée par la mesme operation de la rencontre des courbes. |
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|If, through carelessness or by mistake, you find yourself overbalanced, as described above, nothing is keeping you from turning it into a stratagem to assault your opponent. You can either step forward vigorously, or harshly attack your opponents swords to give him the opportunity bend over, to try and strike your face from the outside. If this occurs, it is very easy to counter with the actions shown in Circle No 7. Because the swifter the motion you make when attacking his sword, the more you have the momentum and control to vault the left side forward, entering in with the left foot, and so regain control over the opponent’s sword as he attacks from the outside and following on as in the example, above. | |If, through carelessness or by mistake, you find yourself overbalanced, as described above, nothing is keeping you from turning it into a stratagem to assault your opponent. You can either step forward vigorously, or harshly attack your opponents swords to give him the opportunity bend over, to try and strike your face from the outside. If this occurs, it is very easy to counter with the actions shown in Circle No 7. Because the swifter the motion you make when attacking his sword, the more you have the momentum and control to vault the left side forward, entering in with the left foot, and so regain control over the opponent’s sword as he attacks from the outside and following on as in the example, above. | ||
− | |Or | + | |Or si le tresbuchement dernierement dit, vous est arrivé par nonchalence our par mesgarde, aussi rien n’empesche que il ne vous puisse aucunefois servir comme d’un stratageme, pour abuser le contraire; en cheminant furieusement en avant, ou en attaquant bien rudement les espees, afin qu’il ait occasion de caver, avec apparance de vous toucher par dehors au visage. En ceste occurrence il sera fort facile de le rencontrer avec cest operation du Cercle 7. Car d’autant plus de course, qu’on se donne en attaquant les espees, d’autant plus a on le corps prompt & à commandement, pour se volter le costé gauche devant, en faisant l’entrade avec le pied senestre; & pour reprendre tant plus vistement la superiorité sur l’espee contraire en l’affrontant par dehors, & poursuivant à l’exemple de ce que dessus. |
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|''Alexander maintains his advantage, ensuring it through a light push against his opponent’s blade, then he raises his left foot and dropping the contact, gives him a thrust under the arm.'' | |''Alexander maintains his advantage, ensuring it through a light push against his opponent’s blade, then he raises his left foot and dropping the contact, gives him a thrust under the arm.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre poursuit son avantage, moyennant l’asseurance d’un petit poussement sur la lame Contraire, dont il leve le pied gauche & en destachant les espees, il luy donne l’atteinte dessous le bras.'' |
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|This shows the action that follows on from the previous one, in which Alexander, sensing only a light pressure from his opponent’s sword, raises his left foot while giving a small push downwards. Usually, the enemy will react by increasing the strength and force of his blade. At that instant, Alexander disengages contact with his sword, he leans back with his shoulders, brings his blade in a counterclockwise circular motion around his opponent’s arm and down, with his elbow and guard held in against his side. At the same time that he moves his left foot forward, bends the left knee, shifts his weight onto that leg, he aims the tip of his sword at the enemy’s side underneath the arm, as clearly shown in the figure. | |This shows the action that follows on from the previous one, in which Alexander, sensing only a light pressure from his opponent’s sword, raises his left foot while giving a small push downwards. Usually, the enemy will react by increasing the strength and force of his blade. At that instant, Alexander disengages contact with his sword, he leans back with his shoulders, brings his blade in a counterclockwise circular motion around his opponent’s arm and down, with his elbow and guard held in against his side. At the same time that he moves his left foot forward, bends the left knee, shifts his weight onto that leg, he aims the tip of his sword at the enemy’s side underneath the arm, as clearly shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Cecy contient la | + | |Cecy contient la pursuite de l’operation dernierement precedente, en laquelle s’appercevāt Alexandre par l’attouchement d’un sentimēt mediocre en l’espee contraire il poursuit l’operation faisant une petite eslevation du pied gauche ensemble avec un petit poussement vers le bas. Dont il advient ordinairement que l’Ennemy en augmente la vigueur & le sentiment de sa lame. Auquel instant, destachant les espees il va pancher des espaules un peu à l’envers, & mener sa pointe circulairement par maniere de jetter de haut vers le bas, s’affermissant le bras avec la garde de l’espee contre le costé droit; avançant quand & quand un peu le pied gauche qui estoit eslevé, en pliant le mesme genoil, sur lequel il va faire la charge, ensemblement dressant la pointe de son espee au costé de l’Ennemy dessoubs le bras droićt; comme il se voit clairement en la figure. |
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|To finish executing the movement, he again moves his left foot further forward in towards his opponent, and moves his right side forwards, drawing the right foot behind, and likewise moving his arm and sword forward in such as way as to pierce his enemy’s body through: as shown previously in Plate V, Circle No 8. | |To finish executing the movement, he again moves his left foot further forward in towards his opponent, and moves his right side forwards, drawing the right foot behind, and likewise moving his arm and sword forward in such as way as to pierce his enemy’s body through: as shown previously in Plate V, Circle No 8. | ||
− | |Pour en continuer l’execution, il porte derechef le pied gauche plus avant dedans vers | + | |Pour en continuer l’execution, il porte derechef le pied gauche plus avant dedans vers son Contraire, & avance ensemblement le costé droićt du corps, trainant le mesme pied apres, & avançant pareillement le bras avec l’espee en sorte qu’il en perce le corps de son Ennemy tout outre: ce qui a esté representé au Tableau V. Sur le Cercle 8. |
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|As much as we have divided this action into two parts, one should not make too much of this, or keep it as a clearly-defined two-step sequence as the figures shown in Circles No 7 & 8 would seem to imply. You must understand that this was divided into two parts to facilitate student’s learning the action, by breaking it down. For those who are more advanced in our training, and particularly in this action, they can execute these in a single, continuous, flowing sequence, without any noticeable break or pause between them. They must, however, be careful to disengage the sword then bring the tip down in a circular motion while they begin to move forward and while the right foot is raised. And when the move forward to step, at the same instant that they thrust, as explained above, with an extended arm, that the right foot follows behind. | |As much as we have divided this action into two parts, one should not make too much of this, or keep it as a clearly-defined two-step sequence as the figures shown in Circles No 7 & 8 would seem to imply. You must understand that this was divided into two parts to facilitate student’s learning the action, by breaking it down. For those who are more advanced in our training, and particularly in this action, they can execute these in a single, continuous, flowing sequence, without any noticeable break or pause between them. They must, however, be careful to disengage the sword then bring the tip down in a circular motion while they begin to move forward and while the right foot is raised. And when the move forward to step, at the same instant that they thrust, as explained above, with an extended arm, that the right foot follows behind. | ||
− | |Or de ce que nous avons | + | |Or de ce que nous avons divisé ceste execution en deux operations, in n’en faut pas tirer de grandes consequences, comme si les temps fussent tousiours si notablement distinguez, ainsi que les figures des Cercles 7. & 8. semblent de premiere face donner à entendre. Car il faut scavoir, que la division en a esté faite en faveur des Disciples, aux quels il est necessaire de donner des instrućtions, à chasqun mouvement à part. Mais ceux qui seront un peu avancez en l’exercice, & notamment en la presente operation, ils en pourront tirer l’execution sans nulle pause entremoyenne, par la seule continuation des mesmes mouvements; à condition qu’ils destachent les espees, en menant la poinćte circulairement de haut vers le bas, durant qu’ils commencent à advancer le corps, & que le pied droit est encore eslevé; & quand ils l’avancent pour le planter, au mesme instant sera donné & achevé le coup, en la maniere que dessus, avec extension du bras & de l’espee, le pied droićt trainant apres l’autre. |
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|''At the very instant that Alexander begins to overbalance, Zachary disengages his sword and aims thrust at an acute angle towards his stomach, with his hand slightly raised. So Alexander draws his foot back, turning the right side outwards, with his arm and guard dropping down onto his adversary’s blade, his left foot going as far around as needed.'' | |''At the very instant that Alexander begins to overbalance, Zachary disengages his sword and aims thrust at an acute angle towards his stomach, with his hand slightly raised. So Alexander draws his foot back, turning the right side outwards, with his arm and guard dropping down onto his adversary’s blade, his left foot going as far around as needed.'' | ||
− | |''A | + | |''A l’instant que le corps d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher; Zacharie destache les espees, & luy tire en angle aigu devers le ventre avec la main un peu haute. Dont Alexandre retire le pied, en se destournant le costé droit en dehors, avec le bras & la garde descendant sur la lame contraire, le pied gauche allant cependant en rond à mesure que la proportion le requiert.'' |
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|The two begin at the First Instance. Alexander has begun his attack the same as before, that is, he has crossed his opponent’s blade to the inside of the arm, while raising and moving his right foot to subjugate his opponents blade at the Second Instance just above the Diameter. While doing this, at the very instant that his body begins to overbalance, Zachary steps forward with his right foot, and disengages his sword. At the same time that he sets his foot down, a little along the Diameter near R, he bends his knee and puts his weight on it, straightens his arm, and aims his thrust at an acute angle downwards at his opponent’s lower body. He keeps his shoulder protected by his sword-guard, but his face is open. Alexander realizes, partly by sight, that his opponent’s body has begun to move forward, and partly by feel that he is about to disengage his sword. He does not complete his step with his right foot, which should go as far as the Second Instance, but instead, because his body is still enough in balance that he can change direction where his foot is going, he draws his foot back, putting his toes down on the Oblique Diameter G-I and his heel on the Circumference. At the same time that he moves his left foot circularly around to bring it up into place, he also turns his right foot, pointing his right toes towards his opponent, and by this same motion withdraws his lower right side a little back and to the outside, leaning his upper body forward, straightening and lowering his arm, so that the guard of his sword is pressing down on top of his opponent’s sword. As his opponent’s tip continues to move towards his body, he continues to withdraw the lower part of his body, while sliding the point of contact up the two blades, so that they become almost parallel, with the lower one underneath the exterior branch of the crossguard. This is what is shown by the figures. | |The two begin at the First Instance. Alexander has begun his attack the same as before, that is, he has crossed his opponent’s blade to the inside of the arm, while raising and moving his right foot to subjugate his opponents blade at the Second Instance just above the Diameter. While doing this, at the very instant that his body begins to overbalance, Zachary steps forward with his right foot, and disengages his sword. At the same time that he sets his foot down, a little along the Diameter near R, he bends his knee and puts his weight on it, straightens his arm, and aims his thrust at an acute angle downwards at his opponent’s lower body. He keeps his shoulder protected by his sword-guard, but his face is open. Alexander realizes, partly by sight, that his opponent’s body has begun to move forward, and partly by feel that he is about to disengage his sword. He does not complete his step with his right foot, which should go as far as the Second Instance, but instead, because his body is still enough in balance that he can change direction where his foot is going, he draws his foot back, putting his toes down on the Oblique Diameter G-I and his heel on the Circumference. At the same time that he moves his left foot circularly around to bring it up into place, he also turns his right foot, pointing his right toes towards his opponent, and by this same motion withdraws his lower right side a little back and to the outside, leaning his upper body forward, straightening and lowering his arm, so that the guard of his sword is pressing down on top of his opponent’s sword. As his opponent’s tip continues to move towards his body, he continues to withdraw the lower part of his body, while sliding the point of contact up the two blades, so that they become almost parallel, with the lower one underneath the exterior branch of the crossguard. This is what is shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Les deux parties | + | |Les deux parties s’estants premierement tenu sur la Premiere Instance; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler tout de mesme qu’auparavant, sçavoir est, qu’il a touché la lame contraire avec la sienne en dedans du bras, en eslevant & avançant le pied droit pour faire l’assujettissement à la Seconde Instance par dessoubs le Diametre. Ce que faisant, au mesme Instant que le corps luy commence à tresbucher, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance le corps avec le pied droićt en destachant son espee, & plante le pied quand & quand un peu deça le Diametre aupres de R, pliant le genouil, & panchant le corps dessus, tirant son estocade en angle aigu avec le bras roide vers la partie inferieure du corps de sa partie adverse; demeurant son espaule droite couverte par la garde de l’espee, mais le visage à descouvert. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> recognoissant en partie à veuë d’œil, que le corps de son Contraire se commence à avancer, en partie aussi par le sentiment qu’il va destacher son espee, il ne poursuit pas la demarche du pied droit, qui devoit aller jusqu’à la Seconde Instance, mais au lieu de ce faire (puis que le corps est encor en balance, en sorte qu’il en peut divertir le pas) il retire le pied arriere le plantant sur la Circonference & sur le Diametre oblicq G I; tournoyant quand & quand le pied gauche circulairement, & le plantant en distance proportionelle derriere l’autre, tournant ensemblement aussi les deux pieds, les orteils devant direćtement contre sa partie, & au mesme moyen aussi retirant un peu en dehors la partie inferieure du costé droit, avec panchement de la partie superieure, fait avec le bras roide en descendant en sorte, qu’il vient à mettre son espee avec la garde sur l’espee contraire. Et à mesure que la pointe contraire s’avance vers la partie inferieure de son corps, ainsi à l’advenant il s’esloigne avec ladite partie inferieure, desgraduant cependant les deux lames, en sorte qu’elles viennent à se rendre quasi paralleles l’une à l’autre, & celle de dessoubs à se retrouver soubs la branche exterieure de sa garde. C’est ce qui est representé par les figures. |
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|In performing this action, sometimes, because the underside of the guard is round, Zachary’s blade will slide underneath the interior branch of the crossguard. This makes no difference to this action, but to the subsequent one, which will be entirely different from that shown in Circle No 10. | |In performing this action, sometimes, because the underside of the guard is round, Zachary’s blade will slide underneath the interior branch of the crossguard. This makes no difference to this action, but to the subsequent one, which will be entirely different from that shown in Circle No 10. | ||
− | |Or en | + | |Or en faisant ceste operation, il adviendra quelqus fois, parce que le bas de la garde d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre est rond, que la lame de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie en glissera dessoubs sa branche interieure; ce qui ne fait pas de difference en l’operation, mais bien en l’execution qui en depend, laquelle il faudra faire en tel cas tout autrement; comme il sera monstré au Cercle 10. |
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|Furthermore, there are three other moments when this action can be done. First, when Alexander is just raising his foot and is ready to cross swords, or they are already in contact and he is about to move it towards the Second Instance, in order to subjugate it as before. If Zachary moves at this moment by stepping with his right foot forward to the letter R, as above, Alexander will again meet his low thrust with this same action, that is, withdrawing his right foot, leaning forward, and lowering his arm, the only difference being that at this time, having not yet moved, he draws his foot straight back, and sets it back down on the Diameter in the Quadrangle, otherwise performing the rest of the movement the same as above. | |Furthermore, there are three other moments when this action can be done. First, when Alexander is just raising his foot and is ready to cross swords, or they are already in contact and he is about to move it towards the Second Instance, in order to subjugate it as before. If Zachary moves at this moment by stepping with his right foot forward to the letter R, as above, Alexander will again meet his low thrust with this same action, that is, withdrawing his right foot, leaning forward, and lowering his arm, the only difference being that at this time, having not yet moved, he draws his foot straight back, and sets it back down on the Diameter in the Quadrangle, otherwise performing the rest of the movement the same as above. | ||
− | |Au | + | |Au reste cette mesme operation peut encore estre pratiquée en trois autres temps; Premierement lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en eslevant le pied s’appreste d’accoupler les espees, ou qu’il les a desia accoupleées pour les emmener & assujettir à la Seconde Instance, ainsi qu’auparavant. Car si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance la dessus avec le pied droit, comme il est dit, jusqu’à la lettre R: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> rencontrera derechef son estocade avec ceste mesme operation, assavoir avec le retirement du pied droit, panchement de la partie superieure du corps, & abaissement du bras avec l’espee; n’y ayant que ceste difference, que en ceste presente occasion il retirera le pied eslevé droitement arriere, & le plantera sur le Diametre du quadrangle, procedant en tout le reste ainsi que devant. |
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|The second moment occurs when Alexander is already in the act of moving his right foot towards the Second Instance, at which point he is yet still in balance. That is when Zachary tries a thrust in the same way as before. At this time, Alexander withdraws his foot and puts it down on the Circumference where the Collateral GM crosses it, then he turns and, at the same time, draws his left foot up into place behind the other, with the same considerations as above. | |The second moment occurs when Alexander is already in the act of moving his right foot towards the Second Instance, at which point he is yet still in balance. That is when Zachary tries a thrust in the same way as before. At this time, Alexander withdraws his foot and puts it down on the Circumference where the Collateral GM crosses it, then he turns and, at the same time, draws his left foot up into place behind the other, with the same considerations as above. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le second temps sera lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> sera desia en aćte d’avancer le pied droit vers la Seconde Instance, durant qu’ils tient le corps encore en balance; & que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy tire là dessus une estocade en la mesme maniere que devant. En ceste occasion <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> retirera le pied eslevé droićtement en arriere, le plantant sur l’entrecoupure de la Circonference & de la Collaterale G M, en tournoyant & plantant quant & quand le pied gauche proportionnellement derriere l’autre, avec les mesmes opservations que dessus. |
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|The third moment is the one usually used and best choice for Zachary, which is the one shown in the Circle. That is, the moment when Alexander’s weight is shifting onto his right foot and begins to overbalance. Thus, it is much more difficult for him to control his foot at that instant, than at earlier moments. | |The third moment is the one usually used and best choice for Zachary, which is the one shown in the Circle. That is, the moment when Alexander’s weight is shifting onto his right foot and begins to overbalance. Thus, it is much more difficult for him to control his foot at that instant, than at earlier moments. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le troisieme temps qui est le plus ordinaire & le plus avantageux pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie, c’est celuy que la figure du Cercle nous represente; assavoir quand le pied droit d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre commence à tresbucher par la charge du corps; en sorte qu’il luy est plus difficile de se bien gouverner en cest instant là, qu’és deux autres occasions precedentes, où il avoit le pied plus à commandement. |
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|When performing this action, one must, above all, take care to contact and subjugate the opponent’s blade by leaning over with the upper body, by which means the arm can be lowered without making any particular move of its own. Otherwise, nothing would stop the adversary from hitting from the outside over the arm at the instant it descends, because it is not possible to make two contrary motions at the same time, that is, descending and rising, or advancing and withdrawing. This can, however, be done when the body is used to lower the arm, without making any particular motion with the arm. Because even as the body leans forward, the arm remains free to move and can instantly respond to any situation, whether it be to raise it up and move it forward, or to lower it, or otherwise. As such, if the enemy tries a circular disengage to strike over the arm, one can maintain a superior position above the other sword, and not only interrupt his attack, but, what is more, wound him in the process. The reason behind this observation was explained in Plate V in the final annotation to Circle No 12. I know that action was different from this one, being done at a greater distance, nonetheless, one can make good use of the explanation of that other move. | |When performing this action, one must, above all, take care to contact and subjugate the opponent’s blade by leaning over with the upper body, by which means the arm can be lowered without making any particular move of its own. Otherwise, nothing would stop the adversary from hitting from the outside over the arm at the instant it descends, because it is not possible to make two contrary motions at the same time, that is, descending and rising, or advancing and withdrawing. This can, however, be done when the body is used to lower the arm, without making any particular motion with the arm. Because even as the body leans forward, the arm remains free to move and can instantly respond to any situation, whether it be to raise it up and move it forward, or to lower it, or otherwise. As such, if the enemy tries a circular disengage to strike over the arm, one can maintain a superior position above the other sword, and not only interrupt his attack, but, what is more, wound him in the process. The reason behind this observation was explained in Plate V in the final annotation to Circle No 12. I know that action was different from this one, being done at a greater distance, nonetheless, one can make good use of the explanation of that other move. | ||
− | |En | + | |En ceste operation il faut sur tout prendre garde pour deuement rencontrer & assujettir la lame contraire, de le faire avec & moyennant le panchement de la partie superieure du corps, par lequel le bras vienne à descendre par compagnie sans faire aucun mouvement particulier. Car autrement il n’y aura rien qui puisse empescher la partie adverse de nous donner une atteinte en dehors par dessus le bras à l’instant qu’il descend, pource qu’il ne luy est possible de faire en un mesme instant deux mouvements contraires, sçavoir est, descendre & monter ou avancer & reculer ensemble. ce qu’on peut toutesfois faire quand on fait descendre le bras avec le corps, sans mouvement particulier; car encores que le corps se panche, toutesfois le bras demeure libre pour s’accommoder au mesme instant à toutes occasions, tant à monter & à avancer, qu’à descendre ou autrement. En sorte que si l’Ennemy vient à caver & à avancer l’espee pour nous en frapper par dessus le bras, on en conservera la superiorité des espees, que non seulement on luy rompra son entreprinse, mais qui plus est, on le blessera luy mesme. la raison de ceste observation est aussi expliquée au Tableau V. en la derniere annotation du Cercle 12. jaçoit que l’operation en soit differente de celle cy, comme estant pratiquée de plus loing; toutesfois l’une peut grandement servir à l’explication de l’autre. |
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|''Alexander takes a step towards his opponent’s sword, and hits him in the face, executing the blow by sliding up the sword and leaning forward with his arm held straight out in front.'' | |''Alexander takes a step towards his opponent’s sword, and hits him in the face, executing the blow by sliding up the sword and leaning forward with his arm held straight out in front.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre marche devers | + | |''Alexandre marche devers l’espee contraire, & luy donne l’atteinte au visage, en faisant l’execution, en graduant & panchant du corps sur le devant avec le bras roide & avancé.'' |
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|This is the follow-up and final execution of the previous action. Alexander steps with his right foot towards his right side, setting his foot down on the Diameter at E, quickly followed by his left foot, which he moves in a circular motion to the middle of the Quadrangle, he slides the point of contact from the centre of his blade up his opponent’s, while straightening his arm and moving his body forward, leaning in, and shifting his weight onto his bent right knee, at the same instant wounding his adversary in the face. | |This is the follow-up and final execution of the previous action. Alexander steps with his right foot towards his right side, setting his foot down on the Diameter at E, quickly followed by his left foot, which he moves in a circular motion to the middle of the Quadrangle, he slides the point of contact from the centre of his blade up his opponent’s, while straightening his arm and moving his body forward, leaning in, and shifting his weight onto his bent right knee, at the same instant wounding his adversary in the face. | ||
− | |Voicy maintenant la | + | |Voicy maintenant la poursuite & execution de l’operation precedente: pratiquée par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en avançant le pied droit contre sa partie à main droite, le plantant sur le Diametre au poinćt E, avec une soudaine poursuite du pied gauche, à trainer circulairement jusqu’au milieu du quadrangle, graduant ensemblement la lame contraire du centre de la sienne, avec roidissement du bras & avancement du corps, panchant sur le devant, & se pliant sur le genouil droit, & ainsi blessant au mesme instant sa partie adverse au visage. |
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|This Alexander executes this move stepping with his right foot to the right, as long as his opponent’s blade was underneath the outside branch of his crossguard. But if, on the contrary, (which happens often enough, as noted in Circle No 9) it is the case that the opponent’s sword crosses underneath and is to the inside, the execution has to be done by stepping to the left side with his right foot, allowing his left foot to follow on with a circular motion. | |This Alexander executes this move stepping with his right foot to the right, as long as his opponent’s blade was underneath the outside branch of his crossguard. But if, on the contrary, (which happens often enough, as noted in Circle No 9) it is the case that the opponent’s sword crosses underneath and is to the inside, the execution has to be done by stepping to the left side with his right foot, allowing his left foot to follow on with a circular motion. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste execution a esté faite, en entrant du pied droit vers le costé droit, pour autant que l’espee contraire estoit revenue dessous la branche exterieure d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre: mais s’il advient au contraire (ainsi qu’il advient assez souvent, comme nous avons remarque au Cercle 9.) qu’elle se retrouve dessoubs la branche interieure, il en faudra faire l’execution en marchant du pied droit vers le costé gauche, laissant suivre & trainer le pied gauche circulairement à l’advenant. |
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|In summary, we want, in this and in all other times when one performs actions sideways against an opponent’s blade, whether to the left side or the right, to subjugate the blade there. Because the more you work against it, the greater the angle you will open up, into which you can move, out of danger, and make certain of your action. | |In summary, we want, in this and in all other times when one performs actions sideways against an opponent’s blade, whether to the left side or the right, to subjugate the blade there. Because the more you work against it, the greater the angle you will open up, into which you can move, out of danger, and make certain of your action. | ||
− | |En | + | |En somme nous voulons, qu’en ceste & en toutes autres occasions on pratique les executions du costé de l’espee contraire, tant à droite, comme à gauche, là ou elle sera assujettie: pource que d’autant plus qu’on travaillera alencontre, d’autant en fera on une plus grande ouverture d’angle, ou on se pourra mettre dedans hors du danger, & en asseurer l’execution. |
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|''At the instant that Alexander’s body begins to overbalance, Zachary tries again to hit the stomach from an acute angle, covering his face with the guard. So Alexander, moves back and again turning, as in Circle No 9, crossing, and forcing his opponent’s blade aside by leaning forward with his upper body.'' | |''At the instant that Alexander’s body begins to overbalance, Zachary tries again to hit the stomach from an acute angle, covering his face with the guard. So Alexander, moves back and again turning, as in Circle No 9, crossing, and forcing his opponent’s blade aside by leaning forward with his upper body.'' | ||
− | |''A | + | |''A l’instant que le corps d’Alexandre commence à tresbucher, Zacharie luy tire derechef en angle aigu devers le ventre, se couvrant luy mesme le visage par l’entremise de la garde: dont Alexandre en retirant & destournant derechef comme au Cercle 9. va croiser & assujettir la lame contraire par le moyen de la partie superieure du corps à pancher sur le devant.'' |
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|The two adversaries begin at the First Instance with their swords held in the Direct Line position. Alexander begins to work with the intention of subjugating his opponent’s blade, as in Circle No 1. He has raised his right foot, and crossed swords with his 3rd Span against his opponent’s 8th Span and so begins to step towards the Second Instance beside the Oblique Diameter. Zachary becomes aware that Alexander’s foot is falling back to the ground as he overbalances. At that instant, he steps in, covering his face by raising and interposing his guard, moving his right foot forward to the letter V along the Diameter, at the same time making his thrust by bending his knee and leaning his body forward towards the lower part of his adversary’s body. | |The two adversaries begin at the First Instance with their swords held in the Direct Line position. Alexander begins to work with the intention of subjugating his opponent’s blade, as in Circle No 1. He has raised his right foot, and crossed swords with his 3rd Span against his opponent’s 8th Span and so begins to step towards the Second Instance beside the Oblique Diameter. Zachary becomes aware that Alexander’s foot is falling back to the ground as he overbalances. At that instant, he steps in, covering his face by raising and interposing his guard, moving his right foot forward to the letter V along the Diameter, at the same time making his thrust by bending his knee and leaning his body forward towards the lower part of his adversary’s body. | ||
− | |Les deux parties ayants, preallablement mis à la Premiere | + | |Les deux parties ayants, preallablement mis à la Premiere Instance leurs espees en lignes droites; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> commence à travailler en intention d’assujettir l’espee contraire, tout de mesme comme au Cercle 1. Ayant donc levé le pied droit, & assemblé les Nombres des lames 3. contre 8. & ainsi marchant vers la Seconde Instance par deça le Diametre; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> aguette que le pied luy viene à tomber par le tresbuchement du corps, & au mesme instant il entre dedans, se couvrant le visage par le haussement & entremise de sa garde, en avançant le pied droit jusques outre la lettre V sur le Diametre, tirant egallement l’estocade avec pliement du genouil & panchement du corps vers la partie inferieure du corps contraire. |
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|Alexander quickly perceives by his sense of feel that the blades are disengaged and seeing that Zachary is protecting his face, continues to follow the blade, crossing it from above with his own and pressing down, together with quickly withdrawing his right side, he sets his right foot down in the middle of the line G-D. He quickly follows with his left foot, bringing it into position behind and a little to the side, while leaning forward with his body, turning the exterior branch of the crossguard diagonally upwards, and sliding the point of contact up his opponent’s sword, until his 9th Span is in contact with Zachary’s 6th or 7th Span, and raising the tip of his sword, so that he is forcing the tip of his opponent’s blade down so far that his opponent's right side is uncovered, as shown in the figure. | |Alexander quickly perceives by his sense of feel that the blades are disengaged and seeing that Zachary is protecting his face, continues to follow the blade, crossing it from above with his own and pressing down, together with quickly withdrawing his right side, he sets his right foot down in the middle of the line G-D. He quickly follows with his left foot, bringing it into position behind and a little to the side, while leaning forward with his body, turning the exterior branch of the crossguard diagonally upwards, and sliding the point of contact up his opponent’s sword, until his 9th Span is in contact with Zachary’s 6th or 7th Span, and raising the tip of his sword, so that he is forcing the tip of his opponent’s blade down so far that his opponent's right side is uncovered, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant à temps du | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant à temps du destachement des espees par le moyen du sentiment, & recognoissant par la veuë la protećtion du visage contraire, il continue à poursuivre la lame, la croissant avec superiorité de la sienne, & ensemble retirant vistement à costé droit, plantant au mesme instant le pied droit à terre au milieu de la ligne G D; avec une soudaine poursuite du pied gauche, à planter une bonne proportion, derriere l’autre un peu à costé, panchant cependant du corps sur le devant, & desgraduant l’espee contraire, en tournant sa branche exterieure diagonalement en haut avec la pointe de la lame en peu haussée, & le Nombre 9. d’icelle accouplé avec le 6.ou 7. de l’espee contraire, de façon qu’en assujettissant il en abaisse tellement la pointe, qu’il luy en descouvre le costé droit du corps; comme on le voit representé en la figure. |
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|His adversary could try the same thrust at three other times while Alexander is in the act of stepping with his right foot from the First Instance to the Second to do the subjugation. | |His adversary could try the same thrust at three other times while Alexander is in the act of stepping with his right foot from the First Instance to the Second to do the subjugation. | ||
− | |La | + | |La mesme estocade pourra aussi estre attentée par l’adversaire en trois autres occasions, durant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre sera en aćte de marcher du pied droit de la Premiere Instance à la deuxiesme, pour faire l’assujettissement. |
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|The first one is when he begins to move his raised foot towards his left side, at the instant when his foot is over the midway point, at the intersection of the two lines C-G and D-E. To parry and counter his adversary’s action, he has to let his foot drop while withdrawing it straight back to the Circumference, turning his right side outwards and quickly drawing his left foot into place to recover his balance. | |The first one is when he begins to move his raised foot towards his left side, at the instant when his foot is over the midway point, at the intersection of the two lines C-G and D-E. To parry and counter his adversary’s action, he has to let his foot drop while withdrawing it straight back to the Circumference, turning his right side outwards and quickly drawing his left foot into place to recover his balance. | ||
− | |Premierement lors qu’il commence à avancer le pied | + | |Premierement lors qu’il commence à avancer le pied eslevé vers son costé gauche, à l’instant qu’il arrive au mitan du chemin au dessus de l’entrecoupure des lignes CG & DE. Pour donc rencontrer & parvenir en cest instant l’operation de l’adversaire, il faut laisser tomber le pied en le retirant droitement arriere jusques à la Circonference, avec un destournement du costé droit en dehors; & avec soudaine poursuit du pied gauche à gouverner à l’advenant. |
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|Likewise, this could be performed at the instant that Alexander’s toes pass the aforesaid intersection of the lines C-G and D-E, which is a little beyond half the distance of the step, and a little before the weight of the body affects the movement of the foot. To defend against the thrust at this moment, Alexander again withdraws his foot, setting it down on the Circumference, following through with the same motion of the left foot as above. | |Likewise, this could be performed at the instant that Alexander’s toes pass the aforesaid intersection of the lines C-G and D-E, which is a little beyond half the distance of the step, and a little before the weight of the body affects the movement of the foot. To defend against the thrust at this moment, Alexander again withdraws his foot, setting it down on the Circumference, following through with the same motion of the left foot as above. | ||
− | |Semblablement elle pourra | + | |Semblablement elle pourra estre pratiquée à l’instant que les orteils du pied d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre seront passez entre ladite entrecoupure des lignes C G, & D E, qui est un peu outre la moitié du chemin, & le plus avant que le pied peut aller sans estre incommodé de la charge du corps. Pour se defendre de l’estocade tirée en cedit dernier instant, il convient à <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> retirer le pied eslevé droitement en arriere, en le plantant derechef sur la Circonference, avec la mesme poursuite du pied gauche, que devant. |
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|The third moment to again try the same move is after Alexander has moved his foot and weight over far enough that he is just about to overbalance. At this instant, Alexander must, once again, withdraw his foot to the Circumference, and follow on consequently with his left foot. | |The third moment to again try the same move is after Alexander has moved his foot and weight over far enough that he is just about to overbalance. At this instant, Alexander must, once again, withdraw his foot to the Circumference, and follow on consequently with his left foot. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le troisieme instant pour pratiquer encore le mesme, sera apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre aura porté le pied encore plus outre si avant qu’il commence à tresbucher avec le transportement du corps: auquel instant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> doibt derechef retirer le pied eslevé sur la mesme Circonference, & consequemment poursuivre avec le pied gauche. |
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|The last possible time would be when Alexander has moved his foot so far forward as to be overbalancing, which is the most difficult time of all to respond, since he cannot withdraw his foot, but rather only turn on it. For this reason, we treat it with special attention giving it its own sequence in the Plate to show its importance. | |The last possible time would be when Alexander has moved his foot so far forward as to be overbalancing, which is the most difficult time of all to respond, since he cannot withdraw his foot, but rather only turn on it. For this reason, we treat it with special attention giving it its own sequence in the Plate to show its importance. | ||
− | |Le dernier | + | |Le dernier instant sera lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre aura porté le pied si avant, qu’il sera venu à tresbucher tout à fait ensemble avec le corps; qui est l’occasion la plus difficie de toutes à bien rencontrer, n’estant possible de retirer le pied, ains seulement de le tourner. Pour laquelle cause il nous à semblé expedient de la representer au Tableau mesme, comme estant de plus grande importance. |
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|''Alexander trains his point at his adversary’s side, by simply turning his hand, and executes the thrust by sliding the point of contact up the blades, and stepping in with his right foot.'' | |''Alexander trains his point at his adversary’s side, by simply turning his hand, and executes the thrust by sliding the point of contact up the blades, and stepping in with his right foot.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre dresse sa poinćte au costé de l’Adversaire, en tournant seulement la main, & en fait l’execution en graduant les lames, & entrant avec le pied droit dedans.'' |
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|Alexander continues the preceding action. He raises his right foot while he turns his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes outwards and down from the vertical to contact and hold his opponent’s blade in place, which brings the tip of his own blade near to his adversary’s right side. And at the same time as he slides the point of contact of his blade along his opponent’s so the two guards meet, he moves his foot forward and enters in to the letter I. He wounds his adversary under the right armpit, by bending his right knee and leaning his body, helped by his left foot following along, and increasing the force of his thrust, so that he goes right through the body. His guard meets his opponent’s, and dominates it so much that his opponent’s tip drops to the ground, as it is shown in the figure. | |Alexander continues the preceding action. He raises his right foot while he turns his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes outwards and down from the vertical to contact and hold his opponent’s blade in place, which brings the tip of his own blade near to his adversary’s right side. And at the same time as he slides the point of contact of his blade along his opponent’s so the two guards meet, he moves his foot forward and enters in to the letter I. He wounds his adversary under the right armpit, by bending his right knee and leaning his body, helped by his left foot following along, and increasing the force of his thrust, so that he goes right through the body. His guard meets his opponent’s, and dominates it so much that his opponent’s tip drops to the ground, as it is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit l’operation precedente; en eslevant le pied droit, & ensemblement tournant du poignet de la main sa branche exterieure, de verticale qu’elle estoit, en dehors jusques à trouver & serrer la lame contraire, menant aussi par ce mesme moyen sa pointe en la presence du costé droit de l’adversaire: & quand & quand graduant son espee, durant que le pied s’avance & entre jusqu’à la letre I. blessant sa partie adverse dessoubs l’aixelle droite, avec pliement du genouil, & panchement du corps, assisté du pied gauche en trainant apres, & augmentant la vigueur de l’estocade, en sorte qu’il luy en donne à travers du corps; rencontrant la garde contraire de la sienne, & la maistrise tellement que la pointe en decline vers terre; ainsi qu’il se foit au pourtrait de la figure. |
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|''Zachary aims at an acute angle towards his adversary’s stomach while his sword is being subjugated. Alexander, by turning on his toes and leaning forward, hits him with the Direct Line in his uncovered torso.'' | |''Zachary aims at an acute angle towards his adversary’s stomach while his sword is being subjugated. Alexander, by turning on his toes and leaning forward, hits him with the Direct Line in his uncovered torso.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie tirant en angle aigu vers le ventre de | + | |''Zacharie tirant en angle aigu vers le ventre de son Adversaire au temps qu son espce est assujettie; Alexandre en se tournant sur ses orteils en panchant sur le devant, luy donne l’atteinte en droite ligne au descouvert de a poitrine.'' |
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|This action proceeds from that shown in Circle No 1. At the instant that Alexander subjugates the blade at the Second Instance, Zachary enters in on Alexander, stepping forward with his right foot to just beyond the letter V beside the Diameter, aiming an acutely angled thrust with a straight arm at his lower body. Alexander feels the blade disengage and sees that his opponent’s right shoulder is uncovered. He does nothing more than withdraw the lower right side of his body (the target of the thrust) away by turning on his toes and leaning his upper body forward towards his opponent, and attacking him from the Direct Line, by straightening and extending his arm, hitting him at the nearest point, which is the uncovered shoulder. One point to consider is that Zachary’s reach is shortened to the degree that his sword is pointed off the Direct Line, aiming at an acute angle. Whereas Alexander’s lengthens because he is working along the Direct Line, increased by leaning forward, while withdrawing his lower body. This gives him enough of an advantage that he can wound his opponent without the tip of his opponent’s blade getting to him. This is also demonstrated in Plate V, where it is more fully explained and mathematically verified. | |This action proceeds from that shown in Circle No 1. At the instant that Alexander subjugates the blade at the Second Instance, Zachary enters in on Alexander, stepping forward with his right foot to just beyond the letter V beside the Diameter, aiming an acutely angled thrust with a straight arm at his lower body. Alexander feels the blade disengage and sees that his opponent’s right shoulder is uncovered. He does nothing more than withdraw the lower right side of his body (the target of the thrust) away by turning on his toes and leaning his upper body forward towards his opponent, and attacking him from the Direct Line, by straightening and extending his arm, hitting him at the nearest point, which is the uncovered shoulder. One point to consider is that Zachary’s reach is shortened to the degree that his sword is pointed off the Direct Line, aiming at an acute angle. Whereas Alexander’s lengthens because he is working along the Direct Line, increased by leaning forward, while withdrawing his lower body. This gives him enough of an advantage that he can wound his opponent without the tip of his opponent’s blade getting to him. This is also demonstrated in Plate V, where it is more fully explained and mathematically verified. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation procede de celle qui est representée au Cercle 1. Car à l’instant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> accomplit l’assujettissement à la Seconde Instance: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> luy vient entrer dessus, en avançant le pied droit un peu outre le point V au deça du Diametre, luy tirant d’un bras roide une estocade en angle aigu vers la partie inferieure du corps. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> qui s’apperçoit par le sentiment du destachement des espees, & par la veue, que l’espaule droite du contraire se descouvre; il ne fait rien que destourner le costé droit de la partie inferieure du corps (qui estoit la bute de l’estocade) en se tournoyant sur ses orteils, & ensemblement se panchant sur le devant devers son contraire, & luy assenant en ligne droite, moyennant l’extension & roidissement du bras, un coup de pointe au plus prochain point d’attouchement, qui est en la dite descouverture de l’espaule droite. Estant à considerer que l’espee de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie se racourcit à mesure qu’elle se depart de la droite ligne, tirant à l’angle aigu: là où celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre au contraire s’allonge, à raison qu’il en travaile en ligne droite, l’assistant mesme d’un panchement de corps, avec retirement de la partie inferieure. ce qui luy porte si grand avantage, qu’il atteint & blesse son Contraire, sans que la pointe contraire puisse arriver jusques à luy. Ceste demonstration est aussi representée au Tableau V, où elle est aussi plus amplement expliquée & verifiée par raisons de Mathematique. |
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|There are some doubts which some might raise against this, which can be resolved here and now. That is, whether the wound Alexander makes could be done against an acutely angled tip. This seems impossible, since this tip moves to the opponent’s body in the blink of an eye without stopping, the two bodies are approaching, and will immediately be so close that the lower sword will have an inevitable opportunity to wound the opponent. The answer appears in the description of the action in the following Circle. | |There are some doubts which some might raise against this, which can be resolved here and now. That is, whether the wound Alexander makes could be done against an acutely angled tip. This seems impossible, since this tip moves to the opponent’s body in the blink of an eye without stopping, the two bodies are approaching, and will immediately be so close that the lower sword will have an inevitable opportunity to wound the opponent. The answer appears in the description of the action in the following Circle. | ||
− | |Il faut icy | + | |Il faut icy resoudre une doubte, qui pourroit estre proposée alencontre; assavoir si ceste blessure d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, se faisant ainsi avec panchement du corps, pourroit estre pratiquée avec une pointe aiguë. Ce qui semble ne pouvoir estre, à cause que ladite pointe passant en un clin d’œil le corps contraire sans nul arrest, les deux corps s’approcheroyent & viendroyent incontinent si fort en presence que l’espee de dessoubs en acquerroit l’opportunité de contreblesser infalliblement sa partie contraire. La responce en paroistra d’elle mesme par la description de l’operation du Cercle suivant. |
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|''Alexander secures himself with his sword above his opponent’s and holds it under control, as he executes his thrust, stepping into the enemy with his left side leading.'' | |''Alexander secures himself with his sword above his opponent’s and holds it under control, as he executes his thrust, stepping into the enemy with his left side leading.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre s’asseure dessus la lame contraire, & la tenant en devoir, il fait l’execution de son estocade, en entrant dessus l’ennemy avec le costé gauche devant.'' |
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|Alexander thus follows through the action he began, he steps in towards his adversary with his left foot and side forward, by turning on his right foot without any further move to make his approach. In this way, the upper body and the arm move down as they move forward, which moves the guard over top of the opponent’s blade, in a way which pushes the other tip down further the closer he moves in. As he continues to close together with the effect of leaning, at the same time he slides the point of contact up the opponent’s sword, when he puts his foot down beyond the Diameter in the middle of the line M-S, drawing up the right foot, he reinforces the force of the thrust so much that the shock of striking his opponent’s sword with his guard drives the point down almost into the ground, while pushing his tip through his opponent’s body. | |Alexander thus follows through the action he began, he steps in towards his adversary with his left foot and side forward, by turning on his right foot without any further move to make his approach. In this way, the upper body and the arm move down as they move forward, which moves the guard over top of the opponent’s blade, in a way which pushes the other tip down further the closer he moves in. As he continues to close together with the effect of leaning, at the same time he slides the point of contact up the opponent’s sword, when he puts his foot down beyond the Diameter in the middle of the line M-S, drawing up the right foot, he reinforces the force of the thrust so much that the shock of striking his opponent’s sword with his guard drives the point down almost into the ground, while pushing his tip through his opponent’s body. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc poursuivant l’operation encommencée, il entre sur sa partie adverse avec le pied & le costé gauche, en se tournant le corps sur le pied droit, sans aucun autre approchement: & comme ainsi soit, que la partie superieure du corps descende aussi à l’advenant avec le bras, il conduit sa garde dessus la lame contraire, en sorte que la poinćte d’icelle en est poussée vers le bas à mesure que le corps entre: dont en continuant à s’approcher davantage, & ensemblement à se pancher sur le devant, au mesme temps il fait la graduation sur l’espee, & plante le pied eslevé en deça le Diametre, sur le milieu de la ligne M S, avec poursuite du pied droit, renforçant par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de l’execution, qu’il emporte du chocq de sa garde le bras & l’espee contraire, en sorte que la pointe en tombe quasi à terre, en luy poussant l’estocade à travers le corps. |
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|These last two actions beginning in Circle No 13 must be done very exactly in practice. Alexandre hits his opponent right at the start of his movement, as soon as he feels the disengagement of the swords, before Zachary has the ability to lean or step forward to within striking distance. This is absolutely necessary to observe. If one does not move at the exact time, and if Zachary has moved his sword and body forward however small an amount, then in that case one can no longer use the lesson of Circle No 13, since one will recieve as much as one gives. Therefore, to avoid this danger, it will be necessary to defend as in Circle No 9, turning to the right side while drawing the feet back as the turn, and following at the same time the execution of the action of Circle No 10, as previous described. | |These last two actions beginning in Circle No 13 must be done very exactly in practice. Alexandre hits his opponent right at the start of his movement, as soon as he feels the disengagement of the swords, before Zachary has the ability to lean or step forward to within striking distance. This is absolutely necessary to observe. If one does not move at the exact time, and if Zachary has moved his sword and body forward however small an amount, then in that case one can no longer use the lesson of Circle No 13, since one will recieve as much as one gives. Therefore, to avoid this danger, it will be necessary to defend as in Circle No 9, turning to the right side while drawing the feet back as the turn, and following at the same time the execution of the action of Circle No 10, as previous described. | ||
− | |If faut tres-exaćtement | + | |If faut tres-exaćtement observer en la pratique de ces deux derniers operations, qu’au Cercle 13. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre à donne l’atteinte à son contraire tout au commencement de son mouvement, si tost qu’il s’est apperceu par le sentiment du destachement des espees, avant que le corps de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait eu la commodité de se pancher ou de s’avancer pour trouver la mesure d’atteindre. Ce qui est du tout necessaire à observer. Car si on ne prend le temps juste, & que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait avancé l’espee avec le corps pour peu que ce soit, en ce cas on ne se pourra pas aider de ceste mesme leçon du Cercle 13. car encore qu’on donnast, aussi on recevroit. Pour donc eviter & prevenir le danger qu’il nous avoit appresté, il sera besoing de s’en defendre à l’exemple du Cercle 9. en destournant le costé droit avec retirement & tournement des pieds; en poursuivant quand & quand l’execution du Cercle 10. suivant les observations qui en dependent. |
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− | + | | The principle to which every student must aspire in performing the actions in the Plate, is to have exact timing. This is one of the most important points of the entire system, and without this, nothing can be performed either gracefully or surely. For if Hypocrites, that Prince of Doctors, dared pronounce only with care on matters of medicine, which was difficult to observe and diagnose, even when the sypmtoms endured for days, or, at the least, hours, we have even more reason to say, how fast and difficult is the Practice of Arms, wherein we have often a moment of time, and often are presented with but an instant to decide, which is a point of time, indivisible, and without any duration. As such, there are times wherein we can find an opportunity, but few opportunities wherein we find much time. Which is why those who strive to reach this high goal to comprehend correct feel and timing, I shall warn them now, that they must not assume this is an easy thing and they must not be bored with spending a long time practising these exercises presented in this Plate VII. For beyond the confidence that they will provide in the prefection of the Theory and Practice of Arms, they may also be, in and of themselves alone, enough to become competent to enter into a fight against the greatest and toughest fighters they may find, as long as they do not play at learning to feel the sense of contact. For these others are not accustomed to having their swords crossed and in contact and even when they are closely embroiled, they always do their best to detach before they can be subjugated. Thus they do not usually present any other action than those which you see represented in this Plate, so that the time spent on these exercises could not be better used. | |
− | |The principle to which every student must aspire in performing the actions in the Plate, is to have exact timing. This is one of the most important points of the entire system, and without this, nothing can be performed either gracefully or surely. For if Hypocrites, that Prince of Doctors, dared pronounce only with care on matters of medicine, which was difficult to observe and diagnose, even when the sypmtoms endured for days, or, at the least, hours, we have even more reason to say, how fast and difficult is the Practice of Arms, wherein we have often a moment of time, and often are presented with but an instant to decide, which is a point of time, indivisible, and without any duration. As such, there are times wherein we can find an opportunity, but few opportunities wherein we find much time. Which is why those who strive to reach this high goal to comprehend correct feel and timing, I shall warn them now, that they must not assume this is an easy thing and they must not be bored with spending a long time practising these exercises presented in this Plate VII. For beyond the confidence that they will provide in the prefection of the Theory and Practice of Arms, they may also be, in and of themselves alone, enough to become competent to enter into a fight against the greatest and toughest fighters they may find, as long as they do not play at learning to feel the sense of contact. For these others are not accustomed to having their swords crossed and in contact and even when they are closely embroiled, they always do their best to detach before they can be subjugated. Thus they do not usually present any other action than those which you see represented in this Plate, so that the time spent on these exercises could not be better used. | + | | Le principal que le Disciple doibt pretendre en la Pratique de ce Tableau present, c’est de prendre exaćtement le temps: qui est l’un des plus importants points de tout l’Exercice, & sans lequel il n’y a rien qui puisse estre pratiqué ny avec bonne grace ny avec assurance. Car si Hippocras le Prince des Medecins a osé prononcer que l’occasion en medicine est difficile à observer & à prendre, laquelle y dure cependant des jours ou à tout le moins des heures entieres, à plus forte raison pourrons nous dire, qu’elle est tressoudaine & difficile en l’Exercice des Armes, où elle ne dure souvent qu’un moment de temps, & souvent qu’elle ne s’y presente qu’en un simple Instant, qui est un poinćt de temps indivisible & sans duree quelconque. En sorte qu’il y a temps auquel on trouve de l’occasion, mais bien peu d’occasions où il se trouve du temps. Parquoy ceux qui tascheront de parvenir à ce haut but de cognoistre & prendre justement les temps, je les avertis, qu’il ne l’estiment pas pour chose facile, & qu’il ne leur ennuye pas de mettre un long Exercice en l’usage des presentes leçons de ce Tableau VII. car outre l’asseurance qu’elles leur donneront en la parfaite Theorie & Pratique des Armes, aussi pourront elles estre quasi seules tenues pour suffisantes dentrer en la lice avec les plus grands & hardis tireurs d’Armes qu’ils puissent trouver, moyennant qu’ils ne jouent pas sur le sentiment. Car puis qu’ils ne sont pas accoustumez d’avoir les espees accouplées, & mesmes qu’ils s’en trouvent incontinent embrouillez, ils font tousiours leur devoir de les destacher avant qu’on les puisse assujettir. dont il ne se presente ordinairement quasi nulle autre operation que celles que vous voyez representées en ce Tableau. de façon que le temps qu’on y mettra, ne pourra estre que tresbien employé. |
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− | |Le principal que le | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|Up to now we have clearly shown how to guard the right side against dangers arising from circular disengagements, we now follow with the dangers of, and counters to, thrusts from the outside line which are aimed at the left side, called Imbrocata (from the Italian term). Those who wish to keep the attacking sword at a distance, will be obliged to either withdraw in retreat or attack their opponents first, either with the Direct Line, or with a bent arm, as is shown by the examples in this Plate. The first type of thrusts which are made from the Direct Line will always need to use a circular disengagement to move to the outside of the sword, but the other sort require no preparations whatsoever. For as you move the opponent’s sword to your left side, so he can aim an imbrocata by merely following on from the movement. The former are aimed at the right side, whereas the latter are aimed at the left. Those attacks that are made from the Direct Line posture are met by closing down the opening by using the same Direct Line posture against them to counter the opponent, while those attacks made with a bent arm are countered by taking the sword and moving it off-target with a counter-bend, so that the harder the opponent pushes, the further his tip moves from his intended target. So, let us see some examples. | |Up to now we have clearly shown how to guard the right side against dangers arising from circular disengagements, we now follow with the dangers of, and counters to, thrusts from the outside line which are aimed at the left side, called Imbrocata (from the Italian term). Those who wish to keep the attacking sword at a distance, will be obliged to either withdraw in retreat or attack their opponents first, either with the Direct Line, or with a bent arm, as is shown by the examples in this Plate. The first type of thrusts which are made from the Direct Line will always need to use a circular disengagement to move to the outside of the sword, but the other sort require no preparations whatsoever. For as you move the opponent’s sword to your left side, so he can aim an imbrocata by merely following on from the movement. The former are aimed at the right side, whereas the latter are aimed at the left. Those attacks that are made from the Direct Line posture are met by closing down the opening by using the same Direct Line posture against them to counter the opponent, while those attacks made with a bent arm are countered by taking the sword and moving it off-target with a counter-bend, so that the harder the opponent pushes, the further his tip moves from his intended target. So, let us see some examples. | ||
− | |Puis que | + | |Puis que iusques icy il a esté monstré assez clairement comment il faut garantir le costé droit du danger de la cavation, il semble que l’ordre nous convie à traitter presentement du danger & du remede des Imbroccades, qui pourroyent estre tirées vers le costé gauche. Car ceux qui ne veulent souffrir qu’on leur attaque l’espee de loing, sont necessairement obligez ou à se retirer en arriere ou bien à tirer les premiers sur leurs contraires, soit en ligne droite, soit avec le bras courbe, ainsi qu’on verra par les exemples du present Tableau. Les premiers estocades qui se font en droite ligne, requierent tousiours l’aide de la cavation pour venir au dehors de l’espee; les autres n’on besoing de preparation qui soit. Car ainsi qu’on emporte l’espee contraire à costé, aussi en peut on tirer des Imbroccades par la seule poursuite du mesme mouvement. Celles là sont portées vers le costé droit du corps, celles cy vers le gauche: celles de la droite ligne se rencontrent pareillement en fermant la mesme droite ligne alencontre pour prevenir le contraire, celles de la courbe, en surprenant l’espee mesme d’une courbe contraire la faisant aller à vuide, en sorte que d’autant plus que le Contraire y employe de force, d’autant plus sa pointe s’ensuit du poinćt d’attouchement qu’il avoit destiné. Or venons en aux Exemples. |
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|''At the instant Alexander sets his foot down at G, to subjugate his opponent’s sword, Zachary moves in and aims an imbrocata at his stomach.'' | |''At the instant Alexander sets his foot down at G, to subjugate his opponent’s sword, Zachary moves in and aims an imbrocata at his stomach.'' | ||
− | |''A | + | |''A l’instant qu’Alexandre abaisse le pied droit à la lettre G. pour assujettir l’espee contraire; Zacharie s’avance & luy tire une imbrocade à la poitrine.'' |
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|The two parties have before this begun at the First Instance with swords parallel in the Direct Line posture. Alexander began his work to subjugate his opponents sword at the Second Instance along the Oblique Diameter, just the same as in the first Circle of Plate VII. As he did so, at the moment his right foot touched the ground and he drew his left foot up with a circular motion. Zachary then enters in, stepping with his right foot to the outside up to the letter S, along the Oblique Diameter, leaning forward onto the right foot, bending his arm, turning the outside branch of his crosspiece upwards and inwards to deliver the imbrocata to his opponent’s chest, then following up with his left foot onto the Quadrangle, as is shown in the picture. | |The two parties have before this begun at the First Instance with swords parallel in the Direct Line posture. Alexander began his work to subjugate his opponents sword at the Second Instance along the Oblique Diameter, just the same as in the first Circle of Plate VII. As he did so, at the moment his right foot touched the ground and he drew his left foot up with a circular motion. Zachary then enters in, stepping with his right foot to the outside up to the letter S, along the Oblique Diameter, leaning forward onto the right foot, bending his arm, turning the outside branch of his crosspiece upwards and inwards to deliver the imbrocata to his opponent’s chest, then following up with his left foot onto the Quadrangle, as is shown in the picture. | ||
− | |Les parties y ayant preallablement | + | |Les parties y ayant preallablement esté à la Premiere Instance avec les espees paralleles en ligne droite; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a commencé à travailler pour assujettir l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance par deça le Diametre, tout de mesme qu’au Cercle N.1. du Tableau VII. En quoy faisant, à l’instant qu’il abaisse le pied droit à la lettre G. & qu’il poursuit circulairement avec le pied gauche; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> entre sur luy portant lepied droit dedans jusqu’à la lettre S. au deça du Diametre, se panchant en avant sur le pied droit, & courbant par mesme moyen le bras, il tourne sa branche exterieure en dedans verticalement; & ainsi il donne l’imbrocade à sa partie adverse en la poitrine, poursuivant a mener le pied gauche en dehors par deça le quadrangle, ainsi que il est representé en la figure. |
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|This action is only described here to more clearly demonstrate what Zachary intends to do, so that it will be easier to understand Alexander's actions that are shown in the following Circle. | |This action is only described here to more clearly demonstrate what Zachary intends to do, so that it will be easier to understand Alexander's actions that are shown in the following Circle. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation n’est icy exprimée, que pour demonstrer plus evidement l’intention que Zacharie pretend d’accomplir, afin qu’il soit plus facile de comprendre l’operation d’Alexandre, qui est representée au Cercle suivant. |
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|''Alexander seeing the imbrocata his opponent begins to aim at him, traps his opponent’s blade while turning his left side away to the outside, and puts his sword-tip in front of his opponent’s eyes.'' | |''Alexander seeing the imbrocata his opponent begins to aim at him, traps his opponent’s blade while turning his left side away to the outside, and puts his sword-tip in front of his opponent’s eyes.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre s’appercevant de l’Imbrocade que | + | |''Alexandre s’appercevant de l’Imbrocade que son Contraire luy commence à tirer, au mesme temps il surprend la lame contraire, en se destournant le costé gauche du corps en dehors, & luy mettant sa poinćte devant les yeux.'' |
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|We repeat the actions of Alexander and Zachary from the start up to the moment when Zachary has begun to step forward with his right foot, bend the arm, turn his crosspiece upwards to send his imbrocata into his opponent’s chest. Alexander clearly perceives his opponent’s attack as much by the feel of the blade as by sight. At the same time that he straightens his arm, he turns the interior branch of his crossguard out and upwards as far as the top of his head, to trap his opponent’s blade from underneath, raising it up, while, turning on his feet, he moves his left side (the aim of the thrust) outwards and away from his opponent’s attack. At the same time, he aims his own blade directly at his opponent’s eyes, carefully stopping his blade, so that his opponent’s cannot advance without wounding himself in the face. This is shown by the figures. | |We repeat the actions of Alexander and Zachary from the start up to the moment when Zachary has begun to step forward with his right foot, bend the arm, turn his crosspiece upwards to send his imbrocata into his opponent’s chest. Alexander clearly perceives his opponent’s attack as much by the feel of the blade as by sight. At the same time that he straightens his arm, he turns the interior branch of his crossguard out and upwards as far as the top of his head, to trap his opponent’s blade from underneath, raising it up, while, turning on his feet, he moves his left side (the aim of the thrust) outwards and away from his opponent’s attack. At the same time, he aims his own blade directly at his opponent’s eyes, carefully stopping his blade, so that his opponent’s cannot advance without wounding himself in the face. This is shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Comme donc ces dites operations d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> & de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> | + | |Comme donc ces dites operations d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> & de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> sont encommencées & continuées, jusques à ce que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> commēce à avancer le pied, courber le bras, mener & tourner sa branche exterieure en dedans à la hauteur de l’espaule pour assener son Imbrocade en la poitrine de sa partie adverse: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçoit assez clairement de l’approche du corps de son cōtraire, par le sentiment & mesmes par la veüe; que fait qu’au mesme temps en roidissant le bras, il tourne sa branche interieure en dehors verticalement jusqu’à la hauteur du sommet de sa teste, en sorte qu’il en surpren la lame contraire par dessoubs, & la fait monter en haut, destournant au mesme instant à l’aide des pieds le costé gauche, (ou l’atteinte avoit esté destinée,) en dehors, & dressant par mesme moyen la pointe de sa lame droit aux yeux de sa partie adverse, l’arrestant par courtoisie, en sorte que son contraire ne se peut avancer sans se blesser luy mesme au visage: ainsi qu’il est representé par les figures. |
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|''Zachary aims an imbrocata thrust at his opponent’s chest, stepping in and bending his arm up as high as his head, at the moment his sword is being subjugated.'' | |''Zachary aims an imbrocata thrust at his opponent’s chest, stepping in and bending his arm up as high as his head, at the moment his sword is being subjugated.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie donne à | + | |''Zacharie donne à son Contraire un coup d’Imbrocade en la poitrine, en entrant & courbant le bras à la hauteur de sa teste, au temps que son espee est assujettie.'' |
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|The action in Circle No 3 comes a little later than the previous one, that is, after Alexander has stepped to the Second Instance and subjugated his opponent’s sword. At this moment, Zacharay advances on him, stepping out with his right foot into the letter S, bending his arm and turning the outside of his crosspiece upwards to the top of his head at at the same time. Thus, he gives an imbrocata thrust at his opponent’s chest by leaning his body forward, and drawing his left foot to the outside by the Quadrangle. Zachary’s actions is shown here for the same reason as Circle No 1. The only difference here is that Alexander has already moved up to the Second Instance, forcing Zachary to raise his arm higher to give his imbracata thrust from higher up and further outside. This is the situation; the counter follows. | |The action in Circle No 3 comes a little later than the previous one, that is, after Alexander has stepped to the Second Instance and subjugated his opponent’s sword. At this moment, Zacharay advances on him, stepping out with his right foot into the letter S, bending his arm and turning the outside of his crosspiece upwards to the top of his head at at the same time. Thus, he gives an imbrocata thrust at his opponent’s chest by leaning his body forward, and drawing his left foot to the outside by the Quadrangle. Zachary’s actions is shown here for the same reason as Circle No 1. The only difference here is that Alexander has already moved up to the Second Instance, forcing Zachary to raise his arm higher to give his imbracata thrust from higher up and further outside. This is the situation; the counter follows. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation du Cercle 3. vient un peu plus tard que l’autre, assavoir lors qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> est desia arrivé à la Seconde Instance, y ayant assujetti l’espee contraire: auquel temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance sur luy, en entrant du pied droit jusqu’à la lettre S. tournant ensemblement d’un bras courbé la branche exterieure de sa garde verticalement jusqu’à la hauteur du sommet de sa teste; donnant ainsi à sa partie adverse un coup d’Imbrocade en la poitrine panchant le corps, & accomodant le pied gauche pour le trainer en dehors desoubs le quadrangle. Ceste operation de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> est icy representée pour la mesme consideration que la prededente Cercle 1. Aussi elle n’en differe pas autrement, si ce n’est qu’en ce Cercle present <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre avoit les pieds desia plantéz sur la Seconde Instance, & que pour ceste cause <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie a esté obligé de porter la main plus haut pour donner l’Imbrocade de plus haut. Voilà l’occasion; s’ensuit la rencontre. |
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|''Alexander again perceives his opponent aiming an imbrocata at him after his sword has been subjugated. He turns his left side away, lowering his arm and catching his opponent’s blade, in such a way that he he leans backwards to do the move.'' | |''Alexander again perceives his opponent aiming an imbrocata at him after his sword has been subjugated. He turns his left side away, lowering his arm and catching his opponent’s blade, in such a way that he he leans backwards to do the move.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre s’appercevant derechef de l’Imbrocade que | + | |''Alexandre s’appercevant derechef de l’Imbrocade que l’Adversaire luy tire apres l’assujettissement, il se destourne au mesme temps le costé gauche du corps en dehors, en baissant le bras & surprenant la lame contraire, en sorte qu’il en fait l’execution en plongeant avec le corps panché à l’envers.'' |
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|Just as soon as Zachary raises his foot and moves it forward, he bends his arm while turning his wrist so the exterior branch of the crossguard moves upwards to about head-height, to do his imbrocata thrust the same way as before. Alexander, who knows his opponent’s intention from the feel and movement of his sword, at once raises his right foot, spins his left side out and away and, catching his opponent’s sword with the crossguard, raises his arm up above his head and aims his point down towards his opponent’s face, putting his foot down on the line between G and L, and then puts his weight on it by learning backwards, drawing his left foot up behind into place, and executes his hit by sliding the point of contact along the blades, as is shown in the figure. | |Just as soon as Zachary raises his foot and moves it forward, he bends his arm while turning his wrist so the exterior branch of the crossguard moves upwards to about head-height, to do his imbrocata thrust the same way as before. Alexander, who knows his opponent’s intention from the feel and movement of his sword, at once raises his right foot, spins his left side out and away and, catching his opponent’s sword with the crossguard, raises his arm up above his head and aims his point down towards his opponent’s face, putting his foot down on the line between G and L, and then puts his weight on it by learning backwards, drawing his left foot up behind into place, and executes his hit by sliding the point of contact along the blades, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Tout | + | |Tout aussi tost que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> esleve & avance le pied, courbant en haut le bras, & ensemble tournant sa brāche exterieure en haut à l’endroit de sa teste, pour donner l’Imbrocade en la mesme forme que dessus: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> cognoissant son intention par le sentiment & par les mouvements du corps de son contraire, esleve au mesme temps le pied droit en l’air, destournant le costé gauche du corps en dehors, & haussant le bras avec la garde, il estraint la lame contraire de sa branche interieure, laquelle il tourne en haut au dessus de la hauteur de sa teste, en dressant la pointe vers le bas au visage du Contraire, & ainsi plantant le pied entre GL sur la ligne, & sur iceluy chargeant le corps en panchant à l’envers, mesme avec le pied gauche trainé proportionellement derriere, il poursuit & execute sa pointe en plongeant & graduant les espees de haut en bas, comme il est pourtrait en la figure. |
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|To correctly counter these imbrocata thrusts, you must take care to move at the same instant that your opponent bends his arm, turning the exterior branch of his crossguard upwards, and thus presenting his left side. Turn your left side away, straighten your right arm, and turn the interior branch of your crossguard upwards, so as to catch your opponent’s blade. While sliding the point of contact up the blades while you wound him, make sure to keep your hand slightly above your opponent’s, so his tip will always be above your head, and so you will hit him while being certain of his sword being out of the way at an obtuse angle. | |To correctly counter these imbrocata thrusts, you must take care to move at the same instant that your opponent bends his arm, turning the exterior branch of his crossguard upwards, and thus presenting his left side. Turn your left side away, straighten your right arm, and turn the interior branch of your crossguard upwards, so as to catch your opponent’s blade. While sliding the point of contact up the blades while you wound him, make sure to keep your hand slightly above your opponent’s, so his tip will always be above your head, and so you will hit him while being certain of his sword being out of the way at an obtuse angle. | ||
− | |Pour prevenir | + | |Pour prevenir justement ces dites Imbrocades, il faut prendre garde qu’au temps que la partie adverse courbe le bras en tournant la branche exterieure en haut, & presentant ensemblement le costé gauche, de travailler au mesme instant justement au contraire, en destournant le costé gauche hors de presence avec le bras droit estendu, & la branche interieure de la garde tournée en haut; en sorte que la lame contraire en soit surprinse. Aussi en graduant les lames durant l’execution de la blessure, il faut observer de porter toursiours le bras avec la garde un peu plus haute que la main contraire, afin que sa pointe vous aille au dessus de la teste & qu’ainsi vous luy donniez l’atteinte hors de l’angle obtus avec assurance. |
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|''While Alexander is stepping from the Second Instance to the Third, Zachary moves forward and aims an imbrocata thrust at his face. So Alexander is constrained to move in against him, turning his opponent’s sword aside with his body leaning backwards, and stepping between the perpendicular Diameters, to turn in place.'' | |''While Alexander is stepping from the Second Instance to the Third, Zachary moves forward and aims an imbrocata thrust at his face. So Alexander is constrained to move in against him, turning his opponent’s sword aside with his body leaning backwards, and stepping between the perpendicular Diameters, to turn in place.'' | ||
− | |''Au temps qu’Alexandre chemine de la Seconde | + | |''Au temps qu’Alexandre chemine de la Seconde Instance vers la Troisieme; Zacharie s’avance, & luy tire une Imbrocade devers le visage: dont Alexandre est contraint de s’avancer pareillement alencontre, en destournant l’espee contraire avec le corps panché à l’envers au dedans des perpendiculaires, pour y faire la volte.'' |
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|After Alexander arrived at the Second Instance, having subjugated his opponent’s sword, he intends to step to the Third and execute the attack as shown and described up to the 6th Circle of Plate VI, he has just raised his foot to take a step. Zachary again moves forward in the same way as above, moving his right foot out to the letter S, bending his arm, turning his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard is vertical and above his head, to give Alexander an imbrocata thrust to the face. Alexander raised his foot and moved it forward, so his body is a bit higher and slightly closer. At the very instant he realizes it is no longer possible for him to overcome his opponent with a bent arm attack that forces the tip of his opponent’s sword aside so he can deliver a downward strike, he moves likewise against him, holding his sword and arm straight out in front, upwards at an obtuse angle, he steps in between the two Diameter lines at point I, then turns his left side away, while at the same time raising his left foot and spinning it around the other so far that that his toes land on the line between R and S which helps to lean his body backwards. So his body is in the angle between the perpendicular lines, arm extended, his guard pushing his opponent’s guard and hand higher up, so that while he is in this position, he can do nothing against him. This, then, is the meaning of this figure. | |After Alexander arrived at the Second Instance, having subjugated his opponent’s sword, he intends to step to the Third and execute the attack as shown and described up to the 6th Circle of Plate VI, he has just raised his foot to take a step. Zachary again moves forward in the same way as above, moving his right foot out to the letter S, bending his arm, turning his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard is vertical and above his head, to give Alexander an imbrocata thrust to the face. Alexander raised his foot and moved it forward, so his body is a bit higher and slightly closer. At the very instant he realizes it is no longer possible for him to overcome his opponent with a bent arm attack that forces the tip of his opponent’s sword aside so he can deliver a downward strike, he moves likewise against him, holding his sword and arm straight out in front, upwards at an obtuse angle, he steps in between the two Diameter lines at point I, then turns his left side away, while at the same time raising his left foot and spinning it around the other so far that that his toes land on the line between R and S which helps to lean his body backwards. So his body is in the angle between the perpendicular lines, arm extended, his guard pushing his opponent’s guard and hand higher up, so that while he is in this position, he can do nothing against him. This, then, is the meaning of this figure. | ||
− | |Apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en | + | |Apres qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en assujettissant l’espee contraire est venu à la Seconde Instance, & qu’il commence à marcher vers la troisiesme, en intention d’y toucher & executer en la maniere qui est demonstrée par le Tableau VI. au Cercle 6. dés aussi tost qu’il a eslevé le pied droit pour cheminer; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance derechef en la mesme sorte que dessus, en portant le pied droit jusqu’à la lettre S. se courbant le bras, & tournant sa branche exterieure verticalement par dessus la hauteur de sa teste, pour luy donner une Imbrocade au visage. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’estant un peu haussé, & approché par l’eslevation & l’avancement du pied; tout à l’instant il cognoist qu’il ne luy est plus possible de se prevaloir de la ligne courbe, en destournant la pointe contraire contremont, & assenant à mesme temps la sienne en plongeant de haut en bas, parquoy au mesme instant, que l’adversaire commence, il s’avance pareillemēt alencontre, avec le bras & l’espee roidement estendus en angle obtus, & plante le pied au deça le Diametre au poinćt I. en destournant le coste gauche en dehors, & quand & quand esleve le pied gauche, & le volte par derriere l’autre si avant, qu’il en plante les orteils sur la sećtion de la ligne RS. panchant le corps à l’envers, à l’aide des pieds que se tournent en dehors; se mettant ainsi le corps au dedans des perpendiculaires, avec le bras estendu, rencontrant & poussant de sa garde la garde & le bras contaire plus haut, en sorte qu’elle l’empesche durant ce mesme temps, de ne pouvoir rien attenter au contraire. Voila là le sens de la figure. |
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|''Alexander spins around his left side while at the same time moving his sword-tip over and down, wrapping his left arm around himself while making a quick step with his left foot so as to hit his opponent in the chest.'' | |''Alexander spins around his left side while at the same time moving his sword-tip over and down, wrapping his left arm around himself while making a quick step with his left foot so as to hit his opponent in the chest.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre se volte le costé gauche devant, en menant au mesme temps sa poinćte de haut en bas, l’entortillant de son bras gauche avec eslevation du pied gauche, pour executer sa poinćte à travers la pointrine de son adversaire.'' |
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|Alexander immediately continues on from the previous action, turning his body around with his left side forward as he turns his feet, and, at the same time, turning his wrist and hand to disengage from his opponent’s blade and move his sword-tip down to point at his opponent’s chest, with his right hand held in close against his side and his left arm wrapped close across his front. At the same time, he lifts his left foot makes a short step forward to the point S, bending his knee to put his weight on it, drawing his right foot up behind from point I to the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, so he can easily drive his opponent backwards, as is shown in the figure. | |Alexander immediately continues on from the previous action, turning his body around with his left side forward as he turns his feet, and, at the same time, turning his wrist and hand to disengage from his opponent’s blade and move his sword-tip down to point at his opponent’s chest, with his right hand held in close against his side and his left arm wrapped close across his front. At the same time, he lifts his left foot makes a short step forward to the point S, bending his knee to put his weight on it, drawing his right foot up behind from point I to the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, so he can easily drive his opponent backwards, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit sans intermission l’operation precedente, en tournant les pieds & le corps en dedans avec le costé gauche devant, & au mesme temps, en tournant du poignet de la main la pointe de son espee de haut en bas, il abandonne la lame contraire, en serrant la sienne contre sa pointrine, icelle entortillant de son bras gauche; eslevant & avançant quand & quand un bien peu le pied gauche, jusqu’à la lettre S, portant la charge du corps sur le mesme genouil plié. le pied droit suivant proportionellement jusqu’à la lettre L. sur le Diametre perpendiculaire, & dressant sa pointe sur le bas de la pointrine de son Contraire, en sorte qu’il ne tient qu’à luy de le jetter à l’envers par terre, ainsi que les situations des figures le representant. |
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|''Once again, while Alexander is stepping with his foot towards the Third Instance, Zachary confidently aims an imbrocata thrust up towards his face, confident in his superior position.'' | |''Once again, while Alexander is stepping with his foot towards the Third Instance, Zachary confidently aims an imbrocata thrust up towards his face, confident in his superior position.'' | ||
− | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre chemine avec le pied droit devers la | + | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre chemine avec le pied droit devers la Troisieme Instance; Zacharie luy tire derechef une Imbrocade haute devers le visage, en prenant l’asseurance de la superiorité.'' |
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|Again, Alexander has reached the Second Instance, and has just raised his right foot to step over to the Third Instance at the letter N from where he intends to strike his opponent in the face. At the same time, Zachary steps forward with his right foot to the letter S, body erect, drawing his left foot up to the letter X. At the same time he bends and turns his arm inwards, the guard up above his head and, by moving the point of contact up his blade and down Alexander’s, gains superiority over his opponent, to hit him with an imbrocata thrust to the face. | |Again, Alexander has reached the Second Instance, and has just raised his right foot to step over to the Third Instance at the letter N from where he intends to strike his opponent in the face. At the same time, Zachary steps forward with his right foot to the letter S, body erect, drawing his left foot up to the letter X. At the same time he bends and turns his arm inwards, the guard up above his head and, by moving the point of contact up his blade and down Alexander’s, gains superiority over his opponent, to hit him with an imbrocata thrust to the face. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> estant derechef arrivé à la Seconde Instance au poinćt G.& ayant pareillement eslevé le pied droit pour aller à la troiseme à la lettre N. en intention d’y donner l’atteinte au visage de son Contraire: au mesme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> marche avec le pied droit & le corps estendu jusqu’à S. le pied gauche revenant avec le talon levé jusqu’à la lettre X. & au mesme temps il courbe & tourne le bras dedans par dessus la hauteur de sa teste, de sorte qu’il en acquiert par l’augmentation de ses Nombres la superiorité des lames, pour donner encore à son Contraire un coup d’Imbrocade au visage. |
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|His sense of feel tells Alexander that his opponent has begun to dominate and is about to attack his face. He immediately redirects his foot down onto the collateral line near L, quickly lifts and moves his left foot forward, while turning his left side forward, as he turns the interior branch of the crossguard upwards, catches his opponent’s sword from beneath, and extends his right arm up above his head and to the outside, so his guard forces his adversary’s tip upwards past his head, as shown in the figure. | |His sense of feel tells Alexander that his opponent has begun to dominate and is about to attack his face. He immediately redirects his foot down onto the collateral line near L, quickly lifts and moves his left foot forward, while turning his left side forward, as he turns the interior branch of the crossguard upwards, catches his opponent’s sword from beneath, and extends his right arm up above his head and to the outside, so his guard forces his adversary’s tip upwards past his head, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le sentiment tant de la superiorité que de l’intention de son Contraire, il divertit la demarche en mettant le pied à terre sur la ligne collaterale pres de la lettre L, haussant & avançant ensemblement le pied gauche, & tournant le costé gauche, & le bras droit estendu en dehors par dessus la hauteur de sa teste; avec la branche interieure de sa garde tournée contremont; dont il surprend par en bas la lame contraire, & en mene la poinćte par dessus la hauteur de sa teste, ainsi qu’il se voit au pourtrait de figures. |
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|''Alexander has set his right foot down and, seeing he has lost the advantage, lets his blade drop, and disengages as he jumps with his left foot beside his adversary, and makes a reverse cut to his leg.'' | |''Alexander has set his right foot down and, seeing he has lost the advantage, lets his blade drop, and disengages as he jumps with his left foot beside his adversary, and makes a reverse cut to his leg.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre plantant le pied droit & s’apppercevant de la | + | |''Alexandre plantant le pied droit & s’apppercevant de la superiorité perdue, il laisse escouler sa lame, & en la destachant il saute avec le pied gauche à costé de son adversaire, luy donnant un coup de revers à la jambe.'' |
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|Alexander can feel that his adversary is still putting force on his blade, pressing it downwards, to aim an Imbroccata thrust at his face. He lifts his guard forward, and allows his wrist to flex so the tip of his sword drops away to the right. With his still-raised left foot, he leaps outside the circle, putting all his weight forward onto that foot while at the same time raising his right foot up and, while doing this, disengages his sword, allowing it to swing circularly around, upwards, and then down so that he can cut diagonally backwards across the thick of his opponent’s calf, as is shown in the figure. | |Alexander can feel that his adversary is still putting force on his blade, pressing it downwards, to aim an Imbroccata thrust at his face. He lifts his guard forward, and allows his wrist to flex so the tip of his sword drops away to the right. With his still-raised left foot, he leaps outside the circle, putting all his weight forward onto that foot while at the same time raising his right foot up and, while doing this, disengages his sword, allowing it to swing circularly around, upwards, and then down so that he can cut diagonally backwards across the thick of his opponent’s calf, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant par le sentiment, que son Adversaire luy continue le poids de sa lame, en poussant la sienne vers le bas, pour luy donner l’Imbrocade au visage; il en hausse à l’advenant la garde & en laisse descendre la pointe à l’aide du poignet de la main; sautant du pied gauche qui est eslevé vers sa partie, en dehors au dessoubs le Cercle, avec pareille eslevation du pied droit, menant quand & quand la charge du corps en panchant sur le pied gauche, & durant le mesme temps destachant les espees, & la sienne la menant circulairemēt dehaut en bas, en sorte qu’il en tire un coup de revers diagonal au gras de la jambe droite de son Contraire. ainsi qu’il est peint en la figure. |
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|''He presses his advantage, pivoting around and siezing his opponent’s guard, while Zachary is trying to turn his sword on him. He puts his sword-tip into Zachary’s right armpit.'' | |''He presses his advantage, pivoting around and siezing his opponent’s guard, while Zachary is trying to turn his sword on him. He puts his sword-tip into Zachary’s right armpit.'' | ||
− | |''Il | + | |''Il pousuit son advantage, en voltant le corps & faisant prinse de la Garde Contraire, cependant que Zacharie se prepare à luy presenter l’espee; en luy assenant consequemment sa poinćte dessoubs l’aixelle droite.'' |
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|This follows from the preceeding circle. Alexander takes his raised right foot quickly around with a circular move well behind his left foot which he raises at the same time off the ground. Zachary, seeing how his adversary is about to get behind him, at the same time moves his left foot, with his heel raised, over the diameter to the letter W, thus turning, so his right arm and sword are towards his opponent. While he does this Alexander grabs his guard from beneath with his left hand, moving it over his head and pulling down towards him as he leans back on his right foot. He closes his left arm against his side to hold the guard firmly in place while aiming the tip of his sword at his adversary as his left foot comes down, so that his adversary is suddenly drawn onto it, as the picture shows. | |This follows from the preceeding circle. Alexander takes his raised right foot quickly around with a circular move well behind his left foot which he raises at the same time off the ground. Zachary, seeing how his adversary is about to get behind him, at the same time moves his left foot, with his heel raised, over the diameter to the letter W, thus turning, so his right arm and sword are towards his opponent. While he does this Alexander grabs his guard from beneath with his left hand, moving it over his head and pulling down towards him as he leans back on his right foot. He closes his left arm against his side to hold the guard firmly in place while aiming the tip of his sword at his adversary as his left foot comes down, so that his adversary is suddenly drawn onto it, as the picture shows. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est la poursuite du preeedent: en laquelle <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> mene le pied droit eslevé d’une grande vistesse circulairement & fort avant par derriere le gauche, lequel il poursuit quand & quand à eslever en l’air: dont <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> recognoissant que sa partie adverse luy viendroit à gaigner la crouppe, au mesme temps il porte le pied gauche avec le talon levé au delà du Diametre à l’W, presentant par ainsi le corps avec les pieds, le bras droit, & l’espee devers son Cōtraire. Durant lequel mouvemēt <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> luy empoigne la garde par dessous, la tournant & tirant à soy vers le bas, avec le corps panché à l’envers sur le pied droit, que est planté; s’affermissant le bras avec la garde de l’espee contre le costé droit, en assenant & executant la poinćte au costé droit de l’adversaire avec le planter du pied gauche, en sorte que ledit adversaire en est surmonté tout à fait, selon que les figures demonstrent. |
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|It often happens, when doing the actions in Circle No 7, that Zachary will cross swords at the 6th or 7th Span with the 7th or 8th Span of his own, in order to subjugate the blade and so more easily aim his intended Imbrocata thrust. At which point, Alexander will once again bring his guard up, with the interior of his crossguard turned vertically upwards above his head while allowing his sword-tip to drop lower, and bringing his right foot closer to the Perpendicular Diameter, towards the letter N. Whereas in Circle No 8, he followed up with a reverse cut to the leg. So now, with his tip lowered even further, he will most often use a reverse-cut to the head. Likewise, instead of what was shown in Circle No 9, where he took ahold of the guard, when it sometimes happens that as his adversary turns towards him, this will not be possible to do. In that case he must execute a thrust to the face with the tip of his sword. | |It often happens, when doing the actions in Circle No 7, that Zachary will cross swords at the 6th or 7th Span with the 7th or 8th Span of his own, in order to subjugate the blade and so more easily aim his intended Imbrocata thrust. At which point, Alexander will once again bring his guard up, with the interior of his crossguard turned vertically upwards above his head while allowing his sword-tip to drop lower, and bringing his right foot closer to the Perpendicular Diameter, towards the letter N. Whereas in Circle No 8, he followed up with a reverse cut to the leg. So now, with his tip lowered even further, he will most often use a reverse-cut to the head. Likewise, instead of what was shown in Circle No 9, where he took ahold of the guard, when it sometimes happens that as his adversary turns towards him, this will not be possible to do. In that case he must execute a thrust to the face with the tip of his sword. | ||
− | |Or il adviendra | + | |Or il adviendra souventefois en pratiquant l’operation du Cercle 7. que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> en donnant la courbe, ira croiser par en haut la lame contraire aux Nombres 6. ou 7. avec les 7. ou 8. des siens, pour l’assujettir & tirer plus aisemēt l’execution de l’Imbrocade pretendue: Sur quoy <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> menera derechef la garde, avec la branche interieure tournée verticalement par dessus la hauteur de sa teste en laissant cependant aller la poinćte plus basse, & menant le pied droit plus en deça le Diametre devers la lettre N. Et comme au Cercle 8. il a poursuivy l’operation avec un coup de revers tiré à la jambe; ainsi maintenant, sa poinćte estant baissé d’avantage, il en menera le plus souvent un coup de revers à la teste. Pareillement au lieu de ce qui est representé sur le Cercle 9. qu’il fait prinse de la garde, au mesme temps que son Contraire se tourne avec l’espee devers luy, il adviendra quelquesfois qu’il luy sera impossible de ce faire; toutesfois il ne laissera d’executer sur son Contraire, en luy tirant par le foible de l’espee une estocade en droite ligne au visage. |
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|''At the moment Alexander is about to reach the Third Instance, Zachary advances and again aims an Imbrocata thrust at his chest, but with his left side leading.'' | |''At the moment Alexander is about to reach the Third Instance, Zachary advances and again aims an Imbrocata thrust at his chest, but with his left side leading.'' | ||
− | |''A | + | |''A l’instant qu’Alexandre pense arriver à la Troisieme Instance: Zacharie s’avance, & luy tire derechef une imbrocade à la poitrine, avec le costé gauche tourné en devant.'' |
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|After Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance and is moving towards the Third, intending to thrust as usual. But as soon as he starts to shift his weight, Zachary again enters in, moving his right foot from the Diameter to the point S, drawing his left foot up to the letter X, with his heel raised. He moves his left side forward while bending his arm up above his head, and turning his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes upward. In this way his sword-tip is aimed straight at his opponent’s chest, ready for an outside thrust. Alexander is forced to put his foot down on the Interior Transverse by the letter M, drawing his left foot up behind. | |After Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance and is moving towards the Third, intending to thrust as usual. But as soon as he starts to shift his weight, Zachary again enters in, moving his right foot from the Diameter to the point S, drawing his left foot up to the letter X, with his heel raised. He moves his left side forward while bending his arm up above his head, and turning his wrist so the exterior branch of his crossguard goes upward. In this way his sword-tip is aimed straight at his opponent’s chest, ready for an outside thrust. Alexander is forced to put his foot down on the Interior Transverse by the letter M, drawing his left foot up behind. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apres avoit | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apres avoit assujetti la lame contraire à la Seconde Instance, il s’acheine vers la troisieme, en intention d’y tirer l’estocade à la mode accoustumée: Mais aussi tost qu’il en approche le pied <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> vient derechef entrer sur luy, en portant le pied droit en deça le Diametre jusqu’au poinćt S. Avec poursuite du pied gauche avec le talon levé jusques à l’X. & ensemblement avançant le costé gauche du corps, courbant le bras par dessus la hauteur de sa teste, & tournant la branche exterieure de sa garde en haut; & par ainsi presentant la point de sa lame en forme d’imbrocade droit à la poitrine de son contraire: iceluy en estant forcé de planter le pied eslevé sur la traversante aupres de la lettre M. le pied gauche suyvant proportionnellement apres. |
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|This incomplete action is shown here so you can better understand Zachary’s intentions and the timing he chose to make his move as the most convenient, and how his move is forseen and countered by Alexander's actions in the following Circles. | |This incomplete action is shown here so you can better understand Zachary’s intentions and the timing he chose to make his move as the most convenient, and how his move is forseen and countered by Alexander's actions in the following Circles. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation vous est icy representée imparfaite, pour donner tant mieux à cognoistre l’intention de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie, & le temps qu’il y choisit pour le plus convenable; & comment elle luy sera prevenue & annullée par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre en la poursuite de l’operation demonstrée par les Cercles suivants. |
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|''Alexander has been forced to turn the hit aside using the end of his blade, while stepping inside the angles, to prepare to turn about.'' | |''Alexander has been forced to turn the hit aside using the end of his blade, while stepping inside the angles, to prepare to turn about.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre est forcé à destourner le coup par l’entremise de sa lame, en entrant dedans les angles, & se preparer à faire la volte.'' |
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|Everything that was said in the last Circle about moving from one side to the other, describes the two opponents moving against each other at the same time, until Zachary leans forward, bending his arm and turning hand and sword to attack with his Imbrocata thrust. Alexander, seeing that his opponent has come in so close into range that he cannot parry him simply with a bend of his arm, as he did before in Circles No 2 and 4, puts his right foot down at the letter M. He moves his right side forward and his arm and sword against his opponent’s sword, parrying it and pushing it away, with his guard low and the tip up. At the same time, that he sweeps his left foot around and behind his other foot, setting it down by the letter S, along the Inscribed Square, he turns his left side outwards and towards his opponent, and in this way, steps in between the perpendicular diameters and the opponent’s blade, all the while keeping his eye on his opponent until the last possible moment. This is clearly shown by the figures. | |Everything that was said in the last Circle about moving from one side to the other, describes the two opponents moving against each other at the same time, until Zachary leans forward, bending his arm and turning hand and sword to attack with his Imbrocata thrust. Alexander, seeing that his opponent has come in so close into range that he cannot parry him simply with a bend of his arm, as he did before in Circles No 2 and 4, puts his right foot down at the letter M. He moves his right side forward and his arm and sword against his opponent’s sword, parrying it and pushing it away, with his guard low and the tip up. At the same time, that he sweeps his left foot around and behind his other foot, setting it down by the letter S, along the Inscribed Square, he turns his left side outwards and towards his opponent, and in this way, steps in between the perpendicular diameters and the opponent’s blade, all the while keeping his eye on his opponent until the last possible moment. This is clearly shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Tout ce qui à | + | |Tout ce qui à esté dit au Cercle dernier precedent, sestant ainsi passé tant d’un costé que d’autre, les deux Contraires s’avançent à mesme temps l’un contre d’autre, jusqu’à ce que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> panche le corps sur le devāt, courbant & tournant le bras & l’espee pour luy donner l’Imbrocade: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’apperçevant que sa partie adverse luy est venue si avant dedans la mesure, qu’il ne le pourroit toucher avec la courbe contraire (ainsi qu’il avoit fait auparavant aux Cercles 2. & 4.) plante au mesme temps le pied à terre à la lettre M. En avançant le costé droit du corps ensemble avec le bras & l’espee devers l’espee contraire, la destournant & poussant en dehors par l’opposition de la sienne avec sa garde basse & sa pointe haute: poursuivant quand & quand à volter le pied gauche, ensemble avec un tournoyement du costé gauche en dehors par derriere l’autre jusqu’à bien pres de l’S. sur le costé du quarré inscrit, se fourrant par ainsi dedans les perpendiculaires de la lame contraire, & continuant encor jusques audit dernier instant à regarder son contraire au visage: ainsi qu’il est clairement demonstré par les figures. |
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|''He continues his about-turn to the left, keeping control of the blades.'' | |''He continues his about-turn to the left, keeping control of the blades.'' | ||
− | |''Il fait l’aćtion de la volte, en tournant le | + | |''Il fait l’aćtion de la volte, en tournant le costé gauche, avec l’asseurance des lames.'' |
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|Alexander continues the movement he started, swiftly turning his body and particularly his left side outwards, turning on his feet, his back to his opponent, so that he cannot see his face for an instant, but still keeping his arm straight with the sword pressed against his opponent’s sword, the same as before, as shown in the figure. | |Alexander continues the movement he started, swiftly turning his body and particularly his left side outwards, turning on his feet, his back to his opponent, so that he cannot see his face for an instant, but still keeping his arm straight with the sword pressed against his opponent’s sword, the same as before, as shown in the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> continue le mouvement encommencé, en tournant | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> continue le mouvement encommencé, en tournant vistement le corps, & notamment le costé gauche plus en dehors à l’aide des pieds, avec le dos devers sa partie contraire, en sorte qu’il ne le peut regarder en cest instant au visage, laissant toutesfois cependant le bras droit avec l’espee appuyée contre l’espee adversaire, en la mesme situation, qu’ils estoyent paravant; ainsi qu’il paroit aux figures. |
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|''Alexander spins around, disengaging his blade, bringing the sword-tip around and down and setting his left foot down at the moment he makes his thrust.'' | |''Alexander spins around, disengaging his blade, bringing the sword-tip around and down and setting his left foot down at the moment he makes his thrust.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre luy donne l’atteinte | + | |''Alexandre luy donne l’atteinte ensuite de la volte, en destachant les lames, & conduisant sa poinćte de haut en bas avec le pied gauche eslevé, lequel il plante en faisant l’execution.'' |
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|Alexander continues with his action, turning his left side and feet towards his opponent, and at the same time using his wrist to move the flat of his blade around and down to hold it against his side. He wraps his left arm across his stomach and holds it there, while stepping forward and beyond the circle with his left foot and putting his weight down on it, hitting his opponent in the lower chest at the same time, so that he delivers the most power behind his thrust through his opponent’s body, enough to knock him backwards as he follows through with his right foot. This is the sense of the figure. | |Alexander continues with his action, turning his left side and feet towards his opponent, and at the same time using his wrist to move the flat of his blade around and down to hold it against his side. He wraps his left arm across his stomach and holds it there, while stepping forward and beyond the circle with his left foot and putting his weight down on it, hitting his opponent in the lower chest at the same time, so that he delivers the most power behind his thrust through his opponent’s body, enough to knock him backwards as he follows through with his right foot. This is the sense of the figure. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuivant encore la mesme operation, tourne le costé gauche du corps & les pieds devers son Contraire, & au mesme temps il conduit avec le poignet de sa main le plat de sa lame de haut en bas alencontre de sa poitrine; l’embrassant & affermissāt avec le bras gauche, portant ensemblement le pied gauche en avant par deça le Cercle, & avançant sur iceluy la charge du corps, donnant à sa partie adverse l’atteinte au bas de la poitrine: en sorte qu’il est en sa puissance mesme de le jetter à l’envers, en executant sur luy son estocade à travers le corps avec poursuite & assistance du pied droit. Tel est le sens de la figure. |
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|As soon as Zachary raised his guard up to head height in Circle No 11 to attack with his Imbrocata thrust, Alexander was forced to parry off to the side holding his sword and guard shoulder-high. He could also do it this way, had Zachary tried the same Imbrocat on him, but with his sword and hand going not much higher than his shoulder. More often, he would keep even lower, trying to hit the lower part of Alexander’s body. In all such situations, Alexander would defend in the same way, by bringing his guard and blade lower and forward. He must also be sure to meet all Imbrocata attacks, whether from high, or low, at about the 9th Span against his opponent’s blade, his sword-tip aimed upwards so that he cannot be hit down low along his blade, nor can his opponent go above his blade to hit high up. Following this beginning, I shall show some variations in the continuation and final execution of the hit, in a way that is very easy to understand and will not need much explanation. | |As soon as Zachary raised his guard up to head height in Circle No 11 to attack with his Imbrocata thrust, Alexander was forced to parry off to the side holding his sword and guard shoulder-high. He could also do it this way, had Zachary tried the same Imbrocat on him, but with his sword and hand going not much higher than his shoulder. More often, he would keep even lower, trying to hit the lower part of Alexander’s body. In all such situations, Alexander would defend in the same way, by bringing his guard and blade lower and forward. He must also be sure to meet all Imbrocata attacks, whether from high, or low, at about the 9th Span against his opponent’s blade, his sword-tip aimed upwards so that he cannot be hit down low along his blade, nor can his opponent go above his blade to hit high up. Following this beginning, I shall show some variations in the continuation and final execution of the hit, in a way that is very easy to understand and will not need much explanation. | ||
− | |Or tout | + | |Or tout ainsi que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> a haussé sa garde au Cercle 11. à l’egal de sa teste, pour tirer son Imbrocade; dont <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a esté contraint de la destourner avec le bras & la garde haute au parage de l’espaule: aussi se pourra il faire que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> entreprendra de tirer sur luy les mesmes Imbrocades, n’allant point plus haut avec le bras & l’espee que ses espaules; voire assez souvent, il demeurera encore plus bas, en taschant de donner le coup en la partie inferieure du corps. En toutes lesquelles occasions <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se defendra tousiours en la mesme sorte en menant aussi sa garde & sa lame plus basse à l’advenant: & observant en toutes occurrences d’Imbrocades tirées soit de haut soit de bas de mettre le point 9. ou environ contre la lame adversaire, la poinćte dressée contremont afin qu’il ne puisse estre touché en bas au long de sa lame, ny en haut par dessus. Et suivant ce commencement la continuation & l’execution du coup en recevront aussi quelque changement à l’advenant; qui est fort facile à comprendre, & ne requiert point d’autre explication. |
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|Finally, note that these three Circles, 11, 12, & 13, are not three separate actions, to be done in three parts, but rather a single sequence of three steps, shown this way for ease of the student to observe and understand the principles he must follow. As the student follows our style of fighting, they will perform these different parts one after the other so smoothly that they will come to be seen as a single fluid motion, the parts existing only in theory. | |Finally, note that these three Circles, 11, 12, & 13, are not three separate actions, to be done in three parts, but rather a single sequence of three steps, shown this way for ease of the student to observe and understand the principles he must follow. As the student follows our style of fighting, they will perform these different parts one after the other so smoothly that they will come to be seen as a single fluid motion, the parts existing only in theory. | ||
− | |Soit | + | |Soit observé en ces trois Cercles 11. 12. 13. que ce ne sont pas trois diverses aćtions, distinguées en trois temps chascune à part soy: combien que la representation en soit ainsi faite par articles en faveur des Disciples, pour leur demonstrer les principales observations selon lesquelles ils se doivent regler. Car quand ils y seront stylez, ils pratiqueront, toute l’operation de bout en bout d’une si parfaite promptitude, que les parties icy representées y seront plustost recogneues par imagination que par la veuë. |
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− | + | | Here then, in these two Plates VII & VIII, we have presented the actions which will typically be used against those whose style of fighting does not involve swords in contact. As such, its usefulness is self-evident. But speaking especially about Plate VIII, I believe I should not be taken to task for the most part for these demonstrations, with these reversals of the arm, raising it up to, or even above, head-height, and making this jump from about the Third Instance to the adversary’s side, and making these spinning moves, both high and low, which appear to be strange and extreme, and, what is worst of all, to be disadvantageous to someone attempting them. To which I must respond that mistakes made while trying to follow these instructions should not be taken as a weakness of an otherwise powerful art. For, insofar as untrained students may not be able to successfully execute these moves, this does not mean the principles are not correct. Which is why, if any would criticize this system, they must show that there is some fault in the action being displayed, such as taking too long to set up, or being too awkward to perform the move as shown. To say these are extremely difficult moves means nothing if they cannot show an easier one instead, which would be appropriate in the same situations. Because everything we do is forced on us in response to our opponents moves. Because, in any case, the law of performing movements in a natural way must be held inviolable, you understand that there is nothing more compelling than necessity, which force drives all laws to be as stable as they can be. This is a general answer, which must suffice to respond to criticisms that these movements shown here are not natural, which entirely wrong. These may be difficult to put into practice at first, nevertheless, with a little practice, they become very easy to do, so that when and where they are needed, they can be done quite gracefully, and unbelievably quickly, and very successfully, not done by chance, but through skillful application of this art, grounded in rational science. These examples should not be taken as in any way unnatural, because Nature herself not only advocates these methods, but teaches us they are the answer when we are pressed to the point of being able to do nothing else, in the same way that Nature instructs a man who has fallen into the water to swim. I will say that this art does have some apparently strange moves, and is, at first, quite difficult to learn, but after some training, one will find oneself so capable, that there is not one person in the whole world who would not admit that this art is entirely in accordance with natural principles. | |
− | |Here then, in these two Plates VII & VIII, we have presented the actions which will typically be used against those whose style of fighting does not involve swords in contact. As such, its usefulness is self-evident. But speaking especially about Plate VIII, I believe I should not be taken to task for the most part for these demonstrations, with these reversals of the arm, raising it up to, or even above, head-height, and making this jump from about the Third Instance to the adversary’s side, and making these spinning moves, both high and low, which appear to be strange and extreme, and, what is worst of all, to be disadvantageous to someone attempting them. To which I must respond that mistakes made while trying to follow these instructions should not be taken as a weakness of an otherwise powerful art. For, insofar as untrained students may not be able to successfully execute these moves, this does not mean the principles are not correct. Which is why, if any would criticize this system, they must show that there is some fault in the action being displayed, such as taking too long to set up, or being too awkward to perform the move as shown. To say these are extremely difficult moves means nothing if they cannot show an easier one instead, which would be appropriate in the same situations. Because everything we do is forced on us in response to our opponents moves. Because, in any case, the law of performing movements in a natural way must be held inviolable, you understand that there is nothing more compelling than necessity, which force drives all laws to be as stable as they can be. This is a general answer, which must suffice to respond to criticisms that these movements shown here are not natural, which entirely wrong. These may be difficult to put into practice at first, nevertheless, with a little practice, they become very easy to do, so that when and where they are needed, they can be done quite gracefully, and unbelievably quickly, and very successfully, not done by chance, but through skillful application of this art, grounded in rational science. These examples should not be taken as in any way unnatural, because Nature herself not only advocates these methods, but teaches us they are the answer when we are pressed to the point of being able to do nothing else, in the same way that Nature instructs a man who has fallen into the water to swim. I will say that this art does have some apparently strange moves, and is, at first, quite difficult to learn, but after some training, one will find oneself so capable, that there is not one person in the whole world who would not admit that this art is entirely in accordance with natural principles. | + | | Or voilà donc en ces deux Tableaux VII. & VIII. les operations qui se presentent ordinairement à faire contre ceux qui sont accoustumez à tirer des armes sans l’usage du sentiment. En sorte que l’utilité en est evidente d’elle mesme. Mais touchant specialement le VIII. je croy qu’il ne faudra pas d’estre reprins en la plus part de ses demonstrations en ces renuersemens du bras à porter en haut à l’egal de la teste ou encores plus, en ce saut à faire depuis environ la Troiseme Instance jusques à costé de l’adversaire, & en ces voltes du corps tant hautes que basses, qui sembleront à plusieures estre des mouvements estranges, & extremes, & qui est le pire de tout, desavantageus pour celuy qui les voudroit mettre en pratique. Auxquels il faudra respondre, que les fautes commises a l’encontre des regles ne doivent prejudicier à la certitude de l’art mesme. Car encores que le disciple malversé n’en puisse venir à bout, toutesfois les preceptes n’en laissent pas d’estre justes. Parquoy s’ils les veulent reprendre il faut qu’il nous demonstrent, qu’il y a de la faute en la demonstration mesme, comme n’ayant pas le temps ou la preparation ou la commodité requise pour mettre en œuvre ce qu’elle monstre. Car de dire que ce sont des mouvements extremes, cela n’importe si ce n’est qu’ils nous en monstrent des autres plus faciles, qui soyent neantmoins convenables en ces mesmes occasions. Car tout ce que nous faisons l’adversaire nous y force: & partant combien que la loy de suivre les mouvements naturels doive estre inviolable, toutsfois il faut entendre que la necessité n’en a nulle, & qu’elle enfonce toutes loix quelques stables qu’elles puissent estre. Ce que nous alleguons pour une responce generalle, qui pourroit estre tenue pour suffisante, encores que les mouvements icy representez fussent contre la nature, ce qui est toutesfois autrement. Car encores qu’il soyent difficiles à pratiquer du commencement, ce neantmoins ils nous sont rendus par l’excercice tres faciles, en sorte qu’en lieu & temps on s’en sert avec tres-bonne graçe, voire avec une vistesse incroyable, & avec un heureux succés procedant non par hazard mais de la sevreté de l’art, fondé en raison naturelle. Ces exemples ne doivent donc pas estre tenues pour choses contre Nature, puis que c’est la nature mesme qui non seulement les avoüe, mais mesme les enseigne, quand elle est reduite au point de ne pouvoir autrement; tout ainsi qu’elle monstre à l’homme estant tombe en l’eau l’art de la nage; jaçoit que ledit art consiste en des mouvements fort estranges, & du commencement fort difficiles à apprendre: desquels il se rend toutesfoit par l’exercice si capable, qu’il n’y a personne au Monde, qui ne confesse que ledit art ne soit du tout accordant à la Nature. |
− | |||
− | |Or voilà donc en ces deux Tableaux VII. & VIII. les operations qui | ||
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{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
− | | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate IX - Introduction to Degrees of Force | + | | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate IX - Introduction to Resistance and Degrees of Force; Working to the Left Hand Side. |
| width = 60em | | width = 60em | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" |
! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 09.jpg|600px]] |
− | N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to Maurice of Nassau | + | N.B., the coat of arms at the top belongs to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange Maurice] of Nassau (1567 - 1625), who became Prince of Orange in 1618. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant: small-caps" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;font-variant: small-caps" | ||
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|It is evident from the previous demonstrations that attacks made from long range are extremely dangerous, and if they succede at all, it as much by chance as by skill. It follows that the advantage in our Art consists of the ability to close in with confidence. This cannot be done without having full knowledge of the importance of feel and sight. However, we are going to address only the former in this present Plate, not to separate the usage of one from the other, but we shall discuss the latter more fully in its proper place. In actuality, both are so tightly intertwined together that the use of one cannot even be started without the use of the other. These are the two, and only, pillars of our entire system of Training. We use sight to duly move into distance, we use feel to be more sure of it. We use sight to come to the point where we can reach out and make contact to use our sense of feeling, we use our sense of feel to execute the moves. In the way we use light to guide the eyes, we use our eyes to guide our sense of feel, and likewise our sense of feel to guide our movements. Sight is necessary at all different ranges, but Feeling can be used only when in contact, it cannot be used but at closer ranges. Nonetheless, Feeling has some excellent advantages, not only to enable us to respond against our opponent’s moves in time, but also with precision and control. This sense of feel alerts us, not only to the initial moves, but informs us of the amount of force being used, and the direction where it is going. These are things that are absolutely necessary to know, above all else, and about which sight alone can tell us so little as to be virtually useless. | |It is evident from the previous demonstrations that attacks made from long range are extremely dangerous, and if they succede at all, it as much by chance as by skill. It follows that the advantage in our Art consists of the ability to close in with confidence. This cannot be done without having full knowledge of the importance of feel and sight. However, we are going to address only the former in this present Plate, not to separate the usage of one from the other, but we shall discuss the latter more fully in its proper place. In actuality, both are so tightly intertwined together that the use of one cannot even be started without the use of the other. These are the two, and only, pillars of our entire system of Training. We use sight to duly move into distance, we use feel to be more sure of it. We use sight to come to the point where we can reach out and make contact to use our sense of feeling, we use our sense of feel to execute the moves. In the way we use light to guide the eyes, we use our eyes to guide our sense of feel, and likewise our sense of feel to guide our movements. Sight is necessary at all different ranges, but Feeling can be used only when in contact, it cannot be used but at closer ranges. Nonetheless, Feeling has some excellent advantages, not only to enable us to respond against our opponent’s moves in time, but also with precision and control. This sense of feel alerts us, not only to the initial moves, but informs us of the amount of force being used, and the direction where it is going. These are things that are absolutely necessary to know, above all else, and about which sight alone can tell us so little as to be virtually useless. | ||
− | |Puis qu’il | + | |Puis qu’il est evident par les Demonstrations precedentes, que les coups qu’on tire de loing, sont accompagnez d’un extreme danger, & s’ils reussissent aucunefois, que c’est plustost par hazard que par science; il s’ensuit, que tout l’advantage de l’Art consivte en l’asseurance de faire ses approches. Ce qui ne peut estre pratiqué sans avoir entiere cognoissance de l’importance du Sentiment & de la Veuë. Toutesfois nous ne traitterons en ce Tableau present que du premier tant seulement, non pour en separer l’usage d’avec l’autre, mais nous remettrons à parler plus amplement de la Veuë en son lieu propre. Car en effećt ils son liez touts deux si estroitement ensemble, que l’operation de l’un ne peut estre ne commencee ne poursuivie sans qu’elle soit à touts moments assistée de l’asseurance de l’autre. Car ce sont les deux & uniques soustiens de tout l’Exercice. On se sert de la veuë pour venir deuëment en presence; du sentiment pour y estre plus seurement: par la veuë on vient au Sentiment, & par le Sentiment à l’Execution mesme; en sorte que comme la lumiere est la guide aux yeux, ainsi les yeux le sont pareillement au Sentiment & à la faculté motive. La veuë est necessaire en toutes sortes de mesures; mais le Sentiment puis qu’il ne peut estre pratiqué sinon par l’attouchement, il ne peut servir qu’en mesure plus estroite: toutesfois il ne laisse pas d’avoir aussi en contreschange des avantages fort nobles, par lesquels il nous aide & guide, non seulement à travailler sur les mouvements contraires à temps, mais aussi avec la justesse & moderation requise. par ce que c’est luy qui en recognoist tousiours les premiers commencements, & la diversité de l’effort, & la route de leur course; choses autant necessaires, que nulle autre, & ausquelles la Veuë apporte si peu d’utilité, qu’elle n’y peut entrer en compte. |
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|So now we come to the differences in Forces, which can be a considerably large number. We have, however, divided it into nine parts, or, more properly, degrees. To each of which, we have given a name to describe it, to avoid confusion, and make it more understandable. Here is the list: | |So now we come to the differences in Forces, which can be a considerably large number. We have, however, divided it into nine parts, or, more properly, degrees. To each of which, we have given a name to describe it, to avoid confusion, and make it more understandable. Here is the list: | ||
− | |Pour venir donc aux differences des Poids, encores qu’elles | + | |Pour venir donc aux differences des Poids, encores qu’elles puissent estre en assez grand nombre. Nous en rapportons cependant toutes les principales à neuf especes, ou à proprement parler, degrez; auxquels nous avons aussi donné à chasqun son nom propre, pour eviter confusion, & pour les rendres plus intelligibles. Or en voicy donc la Table. |
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | |The Second,............. | + | |The Second,.............Slight. |
|Le Second,..............Sentiment. | |Le Second,..............Sentiment. | ||
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|The Third,...................Alive | |The Third,...................Alive | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le Troisieme,..................Vif. |
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|Now, to understand the meaning and, at the same time, learn how this works in practice, observe the following. | |Now, to understand the meaning and, at the same time, learn how this works in practice, observe the following. | ||
− | |Maintenant pour en entendre le | + | |Maintenant pour en entendre le sens, & en apprendre aussi par mesme moyen la pratique, vous seres comme il s’ensuit. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|Firstly, attack the opponent’s blade, and subjugate it, stepping from the First Instance to the Second near the Diameter, so that you arrive at the position shown in Circle No 1, subjugating the opponent’s sword, so that it is perpendicular to yours, above the letter M, almost along the the Exterior Collateral line. | |Firstly, attack the opponent’s blade, and subjugate it, stepping from the First Instance to the Second near the Diameter, so that you arrive at the position shown in Circle No 1, subjugating the opponent’s sword, so that it is perpendicular to yours, above the letter M, almost along the the Exterior Collateral line. | ||
− | |Premierement attaquez la lame contraire, & | + | |Premierement attaquez la lame contraire, & l’assujettissez de la Premiere Instance à la Seconde au deçà le Diametre, en sorte que vous en reveniez en la forme du Cercle 1. tenant l’espee contraire deuement assujettie, faisant qu’elle responde perpendiculairement au dessus de la lettre M, quasi suivant le fil de la collaterale exterieure. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|Being situated thusly I assure you that you can discern exactly from the feel of the blade all the nine degrees of force that this lower blade can exert on yours. And to explore them more fully, so as to leave no questions or doubts in your mind, in practice, disengage the blades as quickly as possible, pulling yours up, over, and across to the outside, so that his blade, although it springs upwards by itself, more or less, according to the degree of Force applied, cannot catch yours. As you do this, we shall show you now how to discern and name all the Forces, which are listed above. | |Being situated thusly I assure you that you can discern exactly from the feel of the blade all the nine degrees of force that this lower blade can exert on yours. And to explore them more fully, so as to leave no questions or doubts in your mind, in practice, disengage the blades as quickly as possible, pulling yours up, over, and across to the outside, so that his blade, although it springs upwards by itself, more or less, according to the degree of Force applied, cannot catch yours. As you do this, we shall show you now how to discern and name all the Forces, which are listed above. | ||
− | | | + | |Estant donc ainsi situé, je dis, que vous pourrez exaćtement discerner par le Sentiment touts les neuf degrez de Poids, que cest lame inferieure pourra pratiquer contre la vostre. Et pour les examiner plus seurement sans nulle reserve de doubte, destachez en pratiquant les lames le plus vistement qu’il soit possible, en ostant la vostre, & la jettant circulairement de dessus la sienne en dehors, en sorte que la sienne, qui sautera d’elle mesme apres, plus ou moins à l’advenant du Poids, ne la puisse atteindre. Ce que faisant, nous vous monsterons presentement à discerner & à nommer touts le Poids, ainsi qu’il sont specifiez cy dessus. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|''The First Force, that is, Deadweight.'' | |''The First Force, that is, Deadweight.'' | ||
− | |''Le Premier Poids, | + | |''Le Premier Poids, assavoir Mort.'' |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|This is the default Force, when the opponent’s lifeless blade presents no force against yours. This is easy to feel because in the lower blade there is no resistance, and yours would drop to the ground of the weight of its own force, if you were not holding it up. Disengaging, lifting your blade off it, the opponent’s blade will remain where it is, in the same place above the External Collateral line without moving, because there is no action in it. | |This is the default Force, when the opponent’s lifeless blade presents no force against yours. This is easy to feel because in the lower blade there is no resistance, and yours would drop to the ground of the weight of its own force, if you were not holding it up. Disengaging, lifting your blade off it, the opponent’s blade will remain where it is, in the same place above the External Collateral line without moving, because there is no action in it. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est le default du Poids, quand la lame contraire ne se meut non plus contre la vostre, qu’une chose morte; ce qui vous sera aisé à cognoistre au rapport du Sentiment, par ce que la lame inferieure ne vous fait nulle resistence, & mesme que la vostre s’en va tresbucher vers le bas à faute d’appuy, si vous ne la soustenez. En partant, en ostant la vostre de dessus, elle demeurera comme morte en la mesme situation au dessus de la collaterale exterieure sans changer de place, à cause qu’elle n’estoit pas en aćtion. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | |''The Second Force, which I call | + | |''The Second Force, which I call Slight.'' |
|''Le Second Poids, que j’appelle Sentiment.'' | |''Le Second Poids, que j’appelle Sentiment.'' | ||
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|This one makes a certain amount of effort, but very small, trying to raise the upper blade up, with a light feeling of force. This must be dominated and held, using the same amount of strength against it. Then, suddenly, disengaging the blades, as described above, allowing his blade to move freely, it will move from the letter M to above the Interior Collateral line, crossing the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter L, coming to rest in the direct line position pointing at your body. | |This one makes a certain amount of effort, but very small, trying to raise the upper blade up, with a light feeling of force. This must be dominated and held, using the same amount of strength against it. Then, suddenly, disengaging the blades, as described above, allowing his blade to move freely, it will move from the letter M to above the Interior Collateral line, crossing the Perpendicular Diameter at the letter L, coming to rest in the direct line position pointing at your body. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est celuy qui use de quelque effort, mais tres-petit, taschant d’eslever la lame superieure en haut, avec quelque peu de sentiment. Lequel il faut dompter & arrester, en usant d’un pareil sentiment alencontre: puis tout à l’instant, en destachant les lames en la maniere auparavant descrite, laisser aller la sienne tant qu’ell pourra ce qui ne sera, que depuis la lettre M.jusqu’au dessus de la collaterale interieure coupant le Diametre perpendiculaire au poinćt L; & respondant en droite ligne sur vostre corps. |
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|''The Third Force, which I call Alive.'' | |''The Third Force, which I call Alive.'' | ||
− | |''Le | + | |''Le troisieme Poids, que je nomme Vif.'' |
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|You will recognize this likewise through the sense of feel, because the lower blade will be working harder to raise yours. So you will need to cross it lower down his blade. Then, when you again disengage your blades, the lower one will spring from the letter M, where it was held, to just above the centre of the Circle. | |You will recognize this likewise through the sense of feel, because the lower blade will be working harder to raise yours. So you will need to cross it lower down his blade. Then, when you again disengage your blades, the lower one will spring from the letter M, where it was held, to just above the centre of the Circle. | ||
− | |Vous le | + | |Vous le cognoistrez pareillement au rapport du sentiment, par ce que la lame de dessoubs travaillera avec plus d’effort pour hausser la vostre; en sorte que vous aurez aussi besoing d’accroistre à l’advenant le vostre d’avantage. Puis en destachant derechef vos lames, celle de dessous sautera depuis le point M, où elle estoit assujettie justement dessus le Centre du Cercle. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | |But it must be observed that these three proofs presume that you have both begun in the First Instance along the Diameter, with swords held parallel and in direct line, and that you subsequently moved the opposing blade out of the direct line, off to the left hand side, to the Second Instance, but without the opponent moving either his feet or his body to even the smallest degree. This is necessary to observe, to make this practice and the explanations easier, since these demonstrations depend on Natural reactions. When the opponent remains with his feet and body in this position, with the sword forced off line, he is naturally inclined to try and recover the arm and sword back to the Centre, along the Diameter. The degree to which he uses force against the upper blade will naturally result, when the blades are suddenly disengaged, in his blade springing back towards the Diametre, to a greater or lesser degree, according to the amount of force he used. Thus the | + | |But it must be observed that these three proofs presume that you have both begun in the First Instance along the Diameter, with swords held parallel and in direct line, and that you subsequently moved the opposing blade out of the direct line, off to the left hand side, to the Second Instance, but without the opponent moving either his feet or his body to even the smallest degree. This is necessary to observe, to make this practice and the explanations easier, since these demonstrations depend on Natural reactions. When the opponent remains with his feet and body in this position, with the sword forced off line, he is naturally inclined to try and recover the arm and sword back to the Centre, along the Diameter. The degree to which he uses force against the upper blade will naturally result, when the blades are suddenly disengaged, in his blade springing back towards the Diametre, to a greater or lesser degree, according to the amount of force he used. Thus the Slight Force will spring from the letter M to the letter L above the Interior Collateral line. When it feels Alive, it will spring from the same point M to above the principal Diameter. From whence it again appears that as well as with an infinite number of other considerations, that the lines drawn within our Circle are not only in accordance with Natural movements, which they also demonstrate, but also that they demonstrate the effects of Forces that result from those moves. |
− | |Or il faut | + | |Or il faut observer, que ces trois dernieres preuves presupposent que vous ayez preallablement esté touts deux à la Premiere Instance sur le Diametre avec les espees paralleles en ligne droite; & consequemment que vous ayez emmené la lame contraire hors de la droite ligne à la Seconde à main gauche, sans que le Contraire se soit pourtant en rien bougé de ladite droite ligne, ny de corps ny de pieds, pour peu que ce soit. Ce qui est du tout necessaire à observer, pour en rendre la Pratique plus facile, ensemble aussi pour en declarer plus aisement les raisons, dont les demonstrations dependent de la Nature mesme. Car quand il se tiendra avec les pieds & le corps en ceste dite posture, encores que la situation de l’espee en forligne, toutesfois elle ne laisse pas du s’encliner naturellement ensemble avec le bras devers le Diametre, qui en est comme le Centre. De maniere que si elle use de poids alencontre de la lame superieure, il est necessaire, en destachant les espees, qu’elle saute & s’avance devers le Diametre plus ou moins à l’advenant du sentiment qu’elle y employe. Dont le Poids de Sentiment s’en avencera depuis la lettre M, jusques à L au dessus de la ligne Collaterale: & avec le Sentiment Vif elle sautera depuis le mesme poinćt de la lettre M. jusques au dessus du Diametre principal. D’où il appert derechef ainsi qu’en une infinité d’autre considerations, que les lignes menées dedans nostre Cercle, ne sont pas seulement accordantes avec les mouvements naturels, mais aussi qu’elles les demonstrent, voire aussi qu’elles demonstrenet les effećt des poids, dont ils sont accompagnez. |
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|But as for the rest of the Forces on the list, which include more or less extra effort than the natural tendencies, the spring which follows the disengagement of the swords will fly a further or shorter distance beyond the Diameter line. Moreover, all the jumps which pass beyond the Centre limit of the natural movements, must necessarily be unnnatural, and, at each increase of Force, each increase of the distance beyond the Diameter becomes smaller, unlike those up to the Diameter. | |But as for the rest of the Forces on the list, which include more or less extra effort than the natural tendencies, the spring which follows the disengagement of the swords will fly a further or shorter distance beyond the Diameter line. Moreover, all the jumps which pass beyond the Centre limit of the natural movements, must necessarily be unnnatural, and, at each increase of Force, each increase of the distance beyond the Diameter becomes smaller, unlike those up to the Diameter. | ||
− | |Mais quant au | + | |Mais quant au reste des poids ensuyvants, qui sont accompagnez d’un effort plus que naturel, le saut qui en procedera en destachant les espees, outrepassera la ligne du Diametre, plus ou moins. Or il faut que tout ce qui outrepasse le Centre des mouvements naturels, soit necessairement violent, & consequemment qu’il aille tousiours en s’affoiblissant de plus en plus, dont is s’ensuit que les sauts qui procedent du poids de l’espee se raccourcissent plus à l’advenant au dela du Diametre, qu’ils ne font en deça. |
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|Therefore, to mark on the Perpendicular Diameter the six points where the sword will come to rest from each of the six remaining Forces, we must divide it into six unequal parts. | |Therefore, to mark on the Perpendicular Diameter the six points where the sword will come to rest from each of the six remaining Forces, we must divide it into six unequal parts. | ||
− | |En | + | |En sorte que pour marquer sur le Diametre perpendiculaire les six points, au dessus d’esquels l’espee contaire se viendra rendre à la fin de sa course en chascun des six poids restants, il nous faudra partir inegalement en six parties. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|Divide each of the two quarters of the Circumference on the far side of the Diameter into six equal parts, that is, six from C to N and likewise six more from X to N. | |Divide each of the two quarters of the Circumference on the far side of the Diameter into six equal parts, that is, six from C to N and likewise six more from X to N. | ||
− | | | + | |Partissez les deux quarts de la Circonference, qui sont au delà du Diametre, chasqun en six egalles parties: assavoir six depuis le C jusqu’à l’N. & pareillement six autres depuis l’X. jusques au bout du quadrangle, qui est à main droite. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|Next run a line parallel to the Diameter from the first point marked along the Circumference, across the Perpendicular Diameter, to the first point opposite. Mark the first section point on the Perpendicular Diameter. | |Next run a line parallel to the Diameter from the first point marked along the Circumference, across the Perpendicular Diameter, to the first point opposite. Mark the first section point on the Perpendicular Diameter. | ||
− | |Puis mettez | + | |Puis mettez vostre ligne parallele au Diametre principal, depuis le premier point qui sera marqué en la Circonference, à travers le Diametre perpendiculaire, jusques au premier poinćt opposite: & au poinćt de la sećtion du Diamette perpendiculaire mettez y une marque. |
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|Do the same with the other points following along, connecting each point to the one opposite. | |Do the same with the other points following along, connecting each point to the one opposite. | ||
− | |Faites en apres | + | |Faites en apres aussi le semblable des autres points ensuyvants: en mettant tousiours la ligne d’un poinćt à l’autre, à chascun le sien. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|In this way you will mark five points along the Perpendicular Diameter, and the letter N will be the sixth. | |In this way you will mark five points along the Perpendicular Diameter, and the letter N will be the sixth. | ||
− | |Et par ce moyen vous trouverez cinq poinćts à marquer | + | |Et par ce moyen vous trouverez cinq poinćts à marquer sur le Diametre perpendiculaire: & la lettre N. y servira pour le sixieme. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|After this, we conventionally label each point with its own number. The first one, which is closest to the Centre, is 4. On the next one beyond that, 5. Then 6, 7, & 8 follow, so that the final point, which is on the N, will be number 9. | |After this, we conventionally label each point with its own number. The first one, which is closest to the Centre, is 4. On the next one beyond that, 5. Then 6, 7, & 8 follow, so that the final point, which is on the N, will be number 9. | ||
− | |Apres il conviendra mettre à | + | |Apres il conviendra mettre à cesdits poinćts à chascun son nombre: assavoir sur le premier, qui est le plus proche du Centre 4. sur le prochain ensuyvant 5. plus 6. 7. & 8. consequement: en sorte que le dernier poinćt, qui est marqué de l’N.sera tenu pour le 9. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | |So, to begin the numbering, and the practical ability to discern all the different Forces, if the opposing blade lacks any | + | |So, to begin the numbering, and the practical ability to discern all the different Forces, if the opposing blade lacks any sense of feel, so that when you disengage your sword it remains above the Exterior Collateral, where it crosses the Perpendicular Diameter at M, it is the first Force, which we call, Deadweight. |
− | |Pour venir donc, au denombrement, & à la pratique pour | + | |Pour venir donc, au denombrement, & à la pratique pour discerner touts les Poids; si la lame contraire manque de tout sentiment, de sorte qu’en destachant les espees, elle demeure immobile au dessus de la Collaterale exterieure marquée sur le Diametre perpendiculaire de la lettre M. c’est le premier Poids que nous appellons, Mort. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
− | |With the Second Force, which is | + | |With the Second Force, which is Slight, upon disengagement, the sword springs over to the Interior Collateral, above the letter L. |
− | |Avec le | + | |Avec le second Poids, qui est le Sentiment, en destachant les espees, elle sautera jusques à la Collaterale Interieure au dessus de la lettre L. |
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|With the third, which is Alive, it springs to above the principal Diameter. | |With the third, which is Alive, it springs to above the principal Diameter. | ||
− | |Avec le tiers, qui | + | |Avec le tiers, qui est le Vif, elle sautera jusqu’au dessus du Diametre principal. |
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|With the fourth, which is Lively, it springs to above the point marked number 4, as it is the place of the fourth level of force. | |With the fourth, which is Lively, it springs to above the point marked number 4, as it is the place of the fourth level of force. | ||
− | |Avec le quatrieme, qui | + | |Avec le quatrieme, qui est Gaillard, elle sautera jusqu’au dessus du point marqué en ciffre 4. comme estant l’endroit du quatrieme poids. |
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|With the fifth, Livelier, it will go to the point marked number 5. | |With the fifth, Livelier, it will go to the point marked number 5. | ||
− | |Avec le cinquieme, Plus-gaillard, elle arrivera | + | |Avec le cinquieme, Plus-gaillard, elle arrivera jusqu’au poinćt marqué en ciffre 5. |
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|With the sixth, Very-Lively, it will spring to point number 6. | |With the sixth, Very-Lively, it will spring to point number 6. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le sixieme, Tres-gaillard, sautera jusqu’au poinćt 6. |
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|With the seventh, Strong, it will spring to point number 7. | |With the seventh, Strong, it will spring to point number 7. | ||
− | |Le | + | |Le septieme, Fort, jusqu’au 7. |
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|With the eighth, Stronger, it springs to point number 8. | |With the eighth, Stronger, it springs to point number 8. | ||
− | |Le huićtieme, Plus-fort, | + | |Le huićtieme, Plus-fort, jusqu’au poinćt 8. |
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|The ninth, called Very Strong, will spring over to the ninth point, which is at the letter N. And as this is the edge of the Circle, it is also the last and the strongest of all the Forces, that we will work with. | |The ninth, called Very Strong, will spring over to the ninth point, which is at the letter N. And as this is the edge of the Circle, it is also the last and the strongest of all the Forces, that we will work with. | ||
− | |Le neufieme, Tresfort, | + | |Le neufieme, Tresfort, sautera jusqu’au neufieme poinćt, qui est l’endroit de la lettre N: & comme c’est la borne du Cercle, aussi est ce lendroit du dernier & du plus fort de tous les Poids: hors mis les Extremes. |
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− | |When you are at the Second Instance, and you are subjugating your opponent’s sword, in the way described, you will be able to judge by the feel, which of the nine degrees of Force your opponent’s blade is pressing up with against yours. Then, the instant you disengage swords, you will name that Force: Deadweight, | + | |When you are at the Second Instance, and you are subjugating your opponent’s sword, in the way described, you will be able to judge by the feel, which of the nine degrees of Force your opponent’s blade is pressing up with against yours. Then, the instant you disengage swords, you will name that Force: Deadweight, Slight, Alive, Lively, Livelier, and so on, whichever it is, and you will see how well your judgement accords with how far the sword springs. Continue this exercise until you are quite capable of judging correctly each time. The most expedient way to achieve this is to practise from the Second Instance, with the advantage of having the upper blade, and the convenience of not moving. Because if the body was moving, it would diminish the ability to feel the opponent’s blade. But being stopped, one’s senses are all freer, because all there is, is the force on the blade. I would like, then, for the Student to be well-versed in these exercises to develop his judgement, and to assist him, we present the best and most convenient opportunities to learn as possible. Because the lower blade cannot always be constrained to act against the upper blade with all the different Forces, as we specified. But I would, nontheless, that the Student be able to feel them, to be able to recognize them more easily. |
− | | | + | |Estant donc à la Seconde Instance, & y tenant l’espee contraire assujettie en la forme susdite, Vous jugerez par le sentiment avec lequel de ces neuf poids la lame cōtraire travaille par dessous contre la vostre: puis en destachant les espees, vous nommerez le poids au mesme instant selon le jugement que vous y aurez fait, soit Mort, Sentiment, Vif, Gaillard, Plus-Gaillard, ou autre quel qu’il soit: & puis verrez si le jugement s’accorde au saut de l’espee. Auquel exercice il faudra continuer jusques à tant que vous en soyez rendu capable. Or le plus expedient pour y parvenir, c’est de le pratiquer du commencement à la Seconde Instance, avec l’avantage de la superiorité, & la commodité d’avoir le corps arresté. Car le corps estant en aćtion, il ne peut estre que le sentiment n’en soit aucunement amoindri; mais estant arresté, il a touts les sens plus libres; par ce qu’il est tout en puissance. Ie veux donc que le Disciple soit bonnement exercé à faire cesdites jugements, & que pour l’y styler, on luy presente les meilleures & plus commodes occcasions qu’il soit possible. Car la lame inferieure ne peut estre contrainte de travailler à la Seconde Instance avec tant de poids differens, comme nous venons de specifier; mais je veux toutesfois qu’elles s’en serve en faveur du Disciple, pour les luy apprendre à cognoistre plus aisement. |
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|In any case, one should not think this is never used. On the contrary, after you have subjugated your opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, if you raise your right foot and move forward so as to step and then thrust at him along the line of the Inside Square from the Third Instance, as shown in Circle No 5, then as you step forward you must duly increase your control by sliding the point of contact along the blades, so that you will have a greater advantage when you aim your hit at your opponent’s face. He will be forced, if he does not want to be hit, to increase the degree of force of his blade as you move in, even up to “Very Strong,” which is the highest degree of all, or be unable to resist your increased domination if he does not. | |In any case, one should not think this is never used. On the contrary, after you have subjugated your opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, if you raise your right foot and move forward so as to step and then thrust at him along the line of the Inside Square from the Third Instance, as shown in Circle No 5, then as you step forward you must duly increase your control by sliding the point of contact along the blades, so that you will have a greater advantage when you aim your hit at your opponent’s face. He will be forced, if he does not want to be hit, to increase the degree of force of his blade as you move in, even up to “Very Strong,” which is the highest degree of all, or be unable to resist your increased domination if he does not. | ||
− | |Toutesfois il ne faut | + | |Toutesfois il ne faut penser pourtant qu’ils ne viennent jamais en usage. Car au contraire, apres que vous luy aurez tenu l’espee assujettie à la mesme Seconde Instance, si vous eslevez consequemment le pied droit avec avancemēt de corps pour cheminer & donner l’atteinte au long du Quarré Inscrit à la Troisieme Instance, ainsi qu’il est icy representé au Cercle 5. Et qu’en cheminant ainsi en avant vous augmentiez deuement vostre superiorité par la graduation des espees, en sorte que le coup en soit dressé avec autant d’avantage devers le visage du Contraire; in en sera forcé, s’il ne veut recevoir l’atteinte, d’augmenter son poids à l’advenant, ne pouvant resister à vostre superiorité tant augmentée, s’il ne prend en aide tout le reste des poids, mesmes jusqu’au Tres-fort, qui est le dernier de touts. |
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|Once you are able to instantly judge and name, just from the feel, all the different degrees of Force, when standing still, free, and in a strong posture at the Second Instance, you must also practice the same, and in the same way, while you are moving, when your foot is raised to step from the Second Instance along the Inside Square towards the Third, always with the goal of performing the same strike to the head as above. At which point your adversary will be forced to defend by increasing his effort, augmenting the force. Thus you again disengage swords at the same time, in the same way as above, likewise naming the degree of force you believe it to be, to see if it still matches with your judgement. You must continue to practise until you have acquired a solid basic aptitude. Since each level of force requires a different response, as the following examples will make clear, you can be assured that this skill is the foundation of self-confidence and precision in everything else. | |Once you are able to instantly judge and name, just from the feel, all the different degrees of Force, when standing still, free, and in a strong posture at the Second Instance, you must also practice the same, and in the same way, while you are moving, when your foot is raised to step from the Second Instance along the Inside Square towards the Third, always with the goal of performing the same strike to the head as above. At which point your adversary will be forced to defend by increasing his effort, augmenting the force. Thus you again disengage swords at the same time, in the same way as above, likewise naming the degree of force you believe it to be, to see if it still matches with your judgement. You must continue to practise until you have acquired a solid basic aptitude. Since each level of force requires a different response, as the following examples will make clear, you can be assured that this skill is the foundation of self-confidence and precision in everything else. | ||
− | |Or apres que vous | + | |Or apres que vous serez rendu capable de juger & nommer tout à l’instant touts les poids au rapport du sentiment, le corps estant arresté à la Seconde Instance, libre, & totallement en puissance; aussi faudra il consequemment que vous alliez pratiquant le mesme, & en la mesme sorte, durant que le corps sera en aćtion, & que le pied droit sera desia eslevé pour cheminer de la Seconde Instance au long du Quarré Inscrit devers la Troisiesme, en intention d’y donner tousiours la mesme atteinte, que dessus. A laquelle occasion, le Contraire sera forcé pour se defendre d’accoistre son effort, en augmentant le poids. Dont vous destacherez derechef au mesme instant les espees en la mesme sorte que dessus, nommant pareillement le nom du poids selon ce qu’il vous en semble, pour voir encores sil le saut en accordera avec vostre jugement. En quoy il faudra que vous continuiez semblablement, jusqu’à tant que vous y ayez acquis une mediocre habitude. Car puis qu’il est necessaire d’appliquer à chasque difference de poids differentes operations, ainsi que les exemples suyvants feront paroistre, il faut croire que ceste habitude est le fondement de l’asseurance, & de la justess de tout le reste. |
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|''Showing how Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword to the inside, while moving from the First Instance, along the Inside Square, to the Second.'' | |''Showing how Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword to the inside, while moving from the First Instance, along the Inside Square, to the Second.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''Representant comme Alexandre a assujetti l’espee contraire en dedans, en allant de la Premiere Instance au long du Quarré Inscrit à la Seconde.'' |
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|Suppose the two adversaries have begun with their swords held in the Direct line posture at the First Instance. Here we see Alexander has Subjugated his opponent’s blade to the inside, at the Second Instance, stepping with his right foot along the line of the Inside Square, and following with his left foot in a circular movement, setting it down along the Outside Square, toes at the Oblique Diameter, heel at D. This procedure was explained fully in Table VII, Circle No 1. But now we must take a close look at how he must act, after he has reached this position, to take advantage of what he can discover about his opponent’s intentions from his sense of feel. Therefore, once at the Second Instance, and holding his opponent’s sword subjugated according to the proper amount of force required, he pays serious attention to the feel so as to know exactly which degree of Force his opponent is using against his blade. He may percieve that it lacks any sensation at all, as if deadweight. His immediate and subsequent actions that he uses to deal with this will be explained below, in Circle No 3. Take note that the Student must be very prudent before beginning to act, and so I must necessarily present a word of explantion about why he must be so. | |Suppose the two adversaries have begun with their swords held in the Direct line posture at the First Instance. Here we see Alexander has Subjugated his opponent’s blade to the inside, at the Second Instance, stepping with his right foot along the line of the Inside Square, and following with his left foot in a circular movement, setting it down along the Outside Square, toes at the Oblique Diameter, heel at D. This procedure was explained fully in Table VII, Circle No 1. But now we must take a close look at how he must act, after he has reached this position, to take advantage of what he can discover about his opponent’s intentions from his sense of feel. Therefore, once at the Second Instance, and holding his opponent’s sword subjugated according to the proper amount of force required, he pays serious attention to the feel so as to know exactly which degree of Force his opponent is using against his blade. He may percieve that it lacks any sensation at all, as if deadweight. His immediate and subsequent actions that he uses to deal with this will be explained below, in Circle No 3. Take note that the Student must be very prudent before beginning to act, and so I must necessarily present a word of explantion about why he must be so. | ||
− | | | + | |Presupposant que les deux Contraires ayent preallablement tenu les espees en droite ligne à la Premiere Instance; voicy consequemment Alexandre qui à assujetti la contraire en dedans du bras à la Seconde Instance, cheminant avec le pied droit par la trace du Quarré Inscrit, & poursuivant circulairement avec le pied gauche, à planter sur le Circonscrit, les orteils sur le Diametre oblique, & le talon sur la lettre D. dont il n’est besoing d’en expliquer maintenant la procedure, voyant qu’elle est amplement descrite au Tableau VII. Cercle 1. Mais presentement il faut examiner comment il se doibt gouverner apres qu’il y sera arrivé, pour se prevaloir de la cognoissance du Sentiment. Estant donc à ladite Seconde Instance, & tenant l’espee contraire assujettie selon la justesse requise, il prend serieusement garde au sentiment pour en conoistre le Poids, avec quoy, la lame inferieure travaille contre la seinne, que s’il s’apperçoit quelle manque de sentiment, comme estant morte. L’operation & la poursuite qu’il doibt faire là dessus, sera tantost specifiée au Cercle 3. Car ainsi qu’il faut une grande circomspećtion au Disciple avant que de la commencer, ainsi il m’est necessairement avant que la declarer, de vous en exposer en un petit mot la cause. |
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|Up until now, we have exempted our Student the need to consider the different degrees of force pressing against his sword. Because at first he would not be able to, and he had enough to do to learn to control his body, learn the footwork, and learn the arm and sword movements without adding on these extra considerations, where he would find himself completely lost in a multitude of competing considerations which are of no use to know at the beginning of training. And we have, moreover, supposed, in all the previous lessons, that when subjugating the blade at the Second Instance, and in following on, that the Adversary would constantly present him with the best possible openings, so that he would have to think of nothing more than to easily follow the lessons as shown by the figures. In this way, having arrived at the Second Instance, he would follow his path, moving on directly towards the Third Instance without any other consideration. This he can no longer begin to do, without first carefully considering what is the best course of action to follow. Because different degrees of force shall, from no on, require different actions in response, which present a danger he could not safely avoid, if he wished to proceed otherwise. We shall demonstrate this principle in Circle No 2, where we can see Alexander will undoubtedly be wounded because he did not pay enough attention to, and work appropriately with, the amount of force with which he was presented. | |Up until now, we have exempted our Student the need to consider the different degrees of force pressing against his sword. Because at first he would not be able to, and he had enough to do to learn to control his body, learn the footwork, and learn the arm and sword movements without adding on these extra considerations, where he would find himself completely lost in a multitude of competing considerations which are of no use to know at the beginning of training. And we have, moreover, supposed, in all the previous lessons, that when subjugating the blade at the Second Instance, and in following on, that the Adversary would constantly present him with the best possible openings, so that he would have to think of nothing more than to easily follow the lessons as shown by the figures. In this way, having arrived at the Second Instance, he would follow his path, moving on directly towards the Third Instance without any other consideration. This he can no longer begin to do, without first carefully considering what is the best course of action to follow. Because different degrees of force shall, from no on, require different actions in response, which present a danger he could not safely avoid, if he wished to proceed otherwise. We shall demonstrate this principle in Circle No 2, where we can see Alexander will undoubtedly be wounded because he did not pay enough attention to, and work appropriately with, the amount of force with which he was presented. | ||
− | | | + | |Iusqu’icy nous avons dispense nostre Disciple de travailler avec observation de Poids: à cause que du commencement il n’en estoit pas capable, & qu’il avoit assés à faire à gouverner seulemēt bien le corps, les demarches des pieds, & les mouvements du bras & de l’espee, sans se mettre de premiere abord en des preceptes, où il se trouveroit tout incontinent embrouillé par la multitude, & encores plus par la subtilité, qui ne luy est nullement necessaire à l’entree de l’Exercice. Et partant nous avons presupposé en toutes les leçons precedentes, qu’en assujettissant l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance, & depuis travaillant consecutivement, que le Contraire luy baillera tousiours les occasions aussi belles qu’il sera possible, afin qu’il n’aye à penser a rien, sinon à mettre commodement en execution les leçons qui luy sont representées par les figures. En sorte qu’estant venu à la Seconde Instance, il poursuivra sa demarche, en cheminant consecutivement sans nulle autre consideration devers la 3. Ce qu’il ne pourra toutesfois desormais commencer, sans asseior preallablement un bon jugement de ce qui luy sera plus convenable. Car puis que la diversité du Poids requiert aussi à l’advenant diverses operations, il ne pourroit eschapper le danger, s’il y vouloit aller autrement. Pour laquelle chose representer, nous en mettons icy un example au Cercle 2. auquel est demonstré qu’Alexandre sera blessé indubitablement, s’il ne travaille selon l’exigence du Poids, qui luy est presenté. |
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|''Alexander, at the Second Instance, has not noticed that his opponent’s blade had no force; it was Deadweight. He attempted to give a thrust from the Third Instance, but instead found himself wounded.'' | |''Alexander, at the Second Instance, has not noticed that his opponent’s blade had no force; it was Deadweight. He attempted to give a thrust from the Third Instance, but instead found himself wounded.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre n’ayant | + | |''Alexandre n’ayant observé à la Seconde Instance le Poids de la lame contraire, qui estoit Morte; entreprend de luy vouloir donner l’estocade à la Troisieme Instance: dont il se trouve estre blesse luy mesme.'' |
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|Here we see Alexander, who will work against his opponent’s subjugated sword without having paid attention to how it feels. For, as he raised his foot from where it was at point G, to step over to the letter N, he has slid his sword along his opponent’s, moving the point of contact the same number of Spans up his sword, as he has along his opponent’s, from where it was subjugated, to where it is under the centre of his blade, and so move to wound his opponent in the face, as we see, for example, in Circle No 5. But because his opponent’s blade is Deadweight, that is, he feels nothing from it, at the instant he puts his foot down, Zachary can disengage the swords without Alexander noticing and hit him underneath his guard, without moving his firmly planted feet. | |Here we see Alexander, who will work against his opponent’s subjugated sword without having paid attention to how it feels. For, as he raised his foot from where it was at point G, to step over to the letter N, he has slid his sword along his opponent’s, moving the point of contact the same number of Spans up his sword, as he has along his opponent’s, from where it was subjugated, to where it is under the centre of his blade, and so move to wound his opponent in the face, as we see, for example, in Circle No 5. But because his opponent’s blade is Deadweight, that is, he feels nothing from it, at the instant he puts his foot down, Zachary can disengage the swords without Alexander noticing and hit him underneath his guard, without moving his firmly planted feet. | ||
− | |Voicy donc, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, qui va travailler | + | |Voicy donc, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, qui va travailler sur l’espee assujettie sans prendre garde du sentiment. Car en levant la pied droit du lieu ou il esoit planté au poinćt G. pour aller à la lettre N. il augmente la graduation de son espee, par les mesmes nombres de l’espee contraire, où elle estoit preallablement assujettie, pour y mettre dessus le Centre de la sienne, & ainsi le blesser au visage, à l’exemple de ce qui se voit representé au Cercle 5. Mais d’autant que la lame contraire est morte, en sorte qu’il n’en avoit pas de sentiment, sur l’instant qu’il plante le pied à terre, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> destache les espees sans qu’il s’en puisse à peine appercevoir, & luy en donne au mesme instant l’atteinte au dessoubs de la garde, du lieu ou il estoit planté ferme a ferme. |
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|Nonetheless, Alexander could give the same hit with less danger, if he, while sliding the contact along the blade, had opened up the angle and so be able to step inside it by moving his right foot forward. | |Nonetheless, Alexander could give the same hit with less danger, if he, while sliding the contact along the blade, had opened up the angle and so be able to step inside it by moving his right foot forward. | ||
− | |Toutesfois il pourra donner le | + | |Toutesfois il pourra donner le mesme coup avec moins de danger, si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre en graduant son espee à fait quelque ouverture d’angle, & qu’il prenne bien l’occasion de s’y fourer dedans, moyennant l’avancement du pied droit. |
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|''Sensing that the subjugated blade is just Deadweight, he works against it accordingly, by stepping directly forward along the Interior Collateral, towards his adversary in order to wound him.'' | |''Sensing that the subjugated blade is just Deadweight, he works against it accordingly, by stepping directly forward along the Interior Collateral, towards his adversary in order to wound him.'' | ||
− | |''S’appercevant par le Sentiment, que a lame | + | |''S’appercevant par le Sentiment, que a lame assujettie est Morte; il travaille dessus selon l’exigence, en blessant & marchant droitement sur son Contraire au long de la mesme Collaterale, où il est estoit planté.'' |
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|This action shows the correct follow-on from Circle No 1, when Alexander subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, where it remained a lifeless Deadweight. To follow on according to the needs of this situation, he moves his body by stepping forward along the Interior Collateral that runs near to Z, wounding his opponent with a straight arm thrust to the face as he does so, drawing his left foot up behind him, and thus stepping inside the angle of his opponent’s sword. Because it is held in a lifeless manner, Zachary cannot begin move it in time to make any sort of defense. It remains immobile, above the Exterior Collateral, where it was subjugated. This is what the figures are showing. | |This action shows the correct follow-on from Circle No 1, when Alexander subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, where it remained a lifeless Deadweight. To follow on according to the needs of this situation, he moves his body by stepping forward along the Interior Collateral that runs near to Z, wounding his opponent with a straight arm thrust to the face as he does so, drawing his left foot up behind him, and thus stepping inside the angle of his opponent’s sword. Because it is held in a lifeless manner, Zachary cannot begin move it in time to make any sort of defense. It remains immobile, above the Exterior Collateral, where it was subjugated. This is what the figures are showing. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation demonstre la vraye poursuite du Cercle 1. où Alexandre tenoit l’espee contraire assujettie à la Seconde Instance, icelle demeurant Morte. Pour y proceder donc selon l’exigence de l’occasion, il s’avance le corps en eslevant le pied droit, du quel estant arrivé à la moitié du l’Instance, il destache les espees, plantant ensemblement le pied sur la Collaterale interieure jusqu’aupres de Z, & blessant au mesme temps d’un bras roide son Contraire au visage, avec proportionnelle poursuite du pied gauche, se mettant ainsi dedans l’angle de l’espee inferieure: laquelle puis qu’elle estoit morte ne se peut mouvoir à temps pour faire aucune defense convenable; ains elle demeure immobile au dessus de la Collaterale exterieure, où elle avoit esté assujettie. Voilà le sens des figures. |
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− | |''He perceived that the subjugated sword resisted his to the degree called | + | |''He perceived that the subjugated sword resisted his to the degree called Slight. To work against it, he stepped moving both feet over to the Diameter, and placed his sword-point precisely in front of his opponent's face.'' |
− | |''Ayant apperceu, que la lame | + | |''Ayant apperceu, que la lame assujettie tient du Sentiment; il travaille dessus en entrant avec les deux pieds un peu à costé sur le Diametre, & luy mettant sa poinćte par courtoisie devant le visage.'' |
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− | | | + | |This action also begins by subjugating the sword, but in this case the sword resists with Slight, or the second degree, Force. Alexander feels through the contact of the swords that his opponent’s blade has only Slight resistance. He moves his right foot forward and a little to the right side, with his body leaning slightly backwards. At the instant he overbalances, he disengages the swords, whereupon the lower sword springs according to the degree of Force, as far as the Interior Collateral, where Alexander was before, but by this time he set his foot down at the Centre of the Circle, out of his opponent’s danger zone, while again placing his sword tip exactly in his opponent’s face. He then brings his left foot up into place at H, and bends his arm to hold his tip exactly in place. This is shown by the figures. |
− | | | + | |Ceste operation prend aussi son origine de l’assujettissement de l’espee, en cas qu’elle tienne du Sentiment, qui est le second Poids. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> donc s’appercevant par l’attouchement des espees, que la lame Contraire à du Sentiment; il s’avance du pied droit un peu à costé à main droite avec le corps panché à l’envers; & à l’instant qu’il commence à tresbucher, il destache les espees, dont celle de dessoubs en saute suyvant l’effort du Poids jusqu’au dessus de la Collaterale Interieure, où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre estoit planté premierement, mais à present au mesme temps il plante le pied droit avec le corps panché en arriere sur le Centre du Cercle (en sorte qu’il luy est sorti hors de presence) luy mettant ensemblement la poinćte de l’espee devant le visage, avec proportionnelle poursuite du pied gauche trainant jusques à l’H. & courbant cependant le bras pour arrester sa poinćte par courtoisie; ainsi que les figures demonstrent. |
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|In the actions of both these last two Circles, take great care not to drop the connection with the opponent’s sword before the right foot has reached the mid-way point to the Instance, and that at the same time as you suddenly set your foot down, to strike. If, by chance, at the moment you raise your foot up, your opponent increases the force of his blade, then you must first stop or reduce his movement it with a small push back, always assuming that the force he uses can be safely controlled. But if, as you begin, he increases the degree of Force to Lively or Very Lively, then you must follow with other actions. That is, while you are taking a whole step towards your opponent, you can allow him to lift the swords up a little, so it seems to him that he is forcing them aside, but then, at the moment your foot comes down to the ground, you dominate his sword and subjugate it once again and so be able to move inside the angle of his sword. From this position, you can work against him as opportunity presents, as will be shown in following Plates. | |In the actions of both these last two Circles, take great care not to drop the connection with the opponent’s sword before the right foot has reached the mid-way point to the Instance, and that at the same time as you suddenly set your foot down, to strike. If, by chance, at the moment you raise your foot up, your opponent increases the force of his blade, then you must first stop or reduce his movement it with a small push back, always assuming that the force he uses can be safely controlled. But if, as you begin, he increases the degree of Force to Lively or Very Lively, then you must follow with other actions. That is, while you are taking a whole step towards your opponent, you can allow him to lift the swords up a little, so it seems to him that he is forcing them aside, but then, at the moment your foot comes down to the ground, you dominate his sword and subjugate it once again and so be able to move inside the angle of his sword. From this position, you can work against him as opportunity presents, as will be shown in following Plates. | ||
− | |En toutes les deux operations de ces derniers Cercles, il faut observer de n’abandonner jamais | + | |En toutes les deux operations de ces derniers Cercles, il faut observer de n’abandonner jamais l’espee contraire, avant que le pied droit soit arrivé à my-voye de l’Instance, & que lors en le plantant soudainement, on donne au mesme temps l’atteinte. Et s’il advient d’adventure au commencement en eslevant le pied droit pour cheminer, que le cōtraire augmente quelque peu le poids de sa lame, alors il la faudra premierement engourdir ou amortir avec un petit poussement, presupposant que l’augmentation du poids de laquelle il se sera servi puisse estre dompté avec asseurance. Mais s’il l’augmente du commencemēt jusques à en venir, au Gaillard ou plus Gaillard, il faudra poursuivre l’operation autrement; assavoir en vous avançant avec le pied droit un pas entier devers le contraire, durant lequel vous luy laisserez monter un peu les espees, avec quelque apparence de les transporter, mais le redompterez, & assujettirez derechef à l’instant que mettrez le pied en terre, en vous logeant par mesme moyen au dedans de son angle. Et apres vous travaillerez de ce lieu là suyvant ce que les occasions requerront, comme il en sera demonstré plusieurs exemples à la suite des autres Tableaux. |
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− | |Note again that when practicing these actions, to place the tip of the blade exactly in front of your adversary’s eyes with your body erect and your arm slightly extended, that to do this against the Deadweight degree of Force, you only need to take a short step forward with the right foot along the Interior Collateral, that against the | + | |Note again that when practicing these actions, to place the tip of the blade exactly in front of your adversary’s eyes with your body erect and your arm slightly extended, that to do this against the Deadweight degree of Force, you only need to take a short step forward with the right foot along the Interior Collateral, that against the Slight degree of Force you move the same foot onto the Diameter at the letter H. But if opportunity presents a chance to make a forceful, direct attack, one must move from the Second Instance to the inside with a double-length step, bending the forward knee and leaning the body over it, in the usual way of other strikes, and as is shown in Circle 6. |
− | | | + | |Observez encor en faisant l’exercice de ces mesmes operations, que pour mettre la poinćte de l’espee en courtoisie devant les yeux du contraire avec le corps droit, & le bras mediocrement estendu, que sur le Poids Mort il ne vous faut avancer qu’un pas arrestant par le droit sur la Collaterale Interieure; & sur le Poids de Sentiment il faut mener le mesme pied sur le Diametre à la lettre H. Mais s’il estoit question de tirer à bon escient & d’en faire l’execution en rigueur; il faudroit s’avancer depuis la Seconde Instance en dedans d’un pas double, en pliant mesme le genouil anterieur, & panchant le corps dessus, à la maniere ordinaire des autres executions, & comme il est representé en ce present Tableau au Cercle 6. |
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|''The opposing blade, while subjugated, pushes back with an Alive degree of Force. Alexander advances to the Third Instance, sliding the point of contact up the sword, and again puts his tip in his opponent’s face.'' | |''The opposing blade, while subjugated, pushes back with an Alive degree of Force. Alexander advances to the Third Instance, sliding the point of contact up the sword, and again puts his tip in his opponent’s face.'' | ||
− | |'' La lame | + | |'' La lame assujettie demeurant Visve; Alexandre s’avance à la Troisieme Instance, en faisant la graduation, & luy mettant derechef la poinćte contre le visage.'' |
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− | |This action begins the same way, in Circle No 1, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade aside at the Second Instance. However, this time the force against it is different, instead of being Deadweight, or just the | + | |This action begins the same way, in Circle No 1, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade aside at the Second Instance. However, this time the force against it is different, instead of being Deadweight, or just the Slight degree of Force, it is pushing back with the third degree of Force, called Alive. Against this Alexander enters in against his opponent by moving along the Inside Square, and, when he is mid-way, above where the Exterior Collateral crosses the line of the Inscribed Square, keeping his body straight, he extends his arm, and slides the point of contact up the sword, so that, as he sets his foot down at point N and leans his body forward, he catches the blade with the inside branch of his crossguard, and the centre of his blade crosses the 4th or 5th Span of his opponent’s blade. As his contact slides up, he circles his tip towards the right to aim at the right side of his opponent’s head. He wounds him as he draws his left foot along the Outside Square to the letter K, while, at the same time, he turns his right foot so the heel rests along the Circumference of the Circle, as shown in the figure. |
− | | | + | |Ceste operation prend pareillement son origine de celle du Cercle 1. ou Alexandre a tenu l’espee contraire assujettie à la Seconde Instance: toutesfois le poids en a esté different: car au lieu qu’elle estoit paravant Morte, ou qu’elle n’avoit qu’un simple Sentiment, maintenant elle use de Poids Vif. Sur lequel voicy comment Alexandre travaille. Il entre sur sa partie adverse ensuivant la trace du Quarré Inscrit, & parvenant à my-voye de la Troisieme Instance au dessus de la sećtion des lignes, il va graduer avec le corps droit & le bras estendu, en sorte qu’en panchant du corps sur le devant, & plantant le pied eslevé au poinćt N. il surprend de la branche interieure de sa garde, & par meme voye il assemble le Centre de sa lame aux Nombres 4. ou 5. de la lame contraire; en dressant avec ladite graduation la pointe circulairement vers le costé droit de la teste de sa partie; le blessant avec poursuite du pied gauche à planter moitié au Quarré Circomscrit sur la lettre K. tournant ensemblement le talon du pied droit du Quarré Inscrit sur la Circonference du Cercle; ainsi qu’il est representé en la figure. |
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|Now, when performing this action, to adapt it perfectly to your opponent, great care must be taken while the right foot is making its way, before your body overbalances, and before you begin to work against his sword. If he does not change his counter, then continue on as shown by the figures. | |Now, when performing this action, to adapt it perfectly to your opponent, great care must be taken while the right foot is making its way, before your body overbalances, and before you begin to work against his sword. If he does not change his counter, then continue on as shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Or en pratiquant | + | |Or en pratiquant ceste operation, pour la bien adjuster il faut exaćtement prendre garde, cependant que le pied droit chemine, & avant qu’il commence à tresbucher avec le corps, & devant que vous ayez commencé à travailler. Car s’il ne le change point, vous en poursuivez la continuation en la forme que les figures representent. |
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|But if he increases his resistance to the Lively level of Force, with which he could move the swords enough to parry the thrust, one must apply the actions of Circle No 7. | |But if he increases his resistance to the Lively level of Force, with which he could move the swords enough to parry the thrust, one must apply the actions of Circle No 7. | ||
− | |Mais s’il alloit renforcer | + | |Mais s’il alloit renforcer sa lame jusqu’au Poids Gaillard; dont il pourroit parer l’estocade en transportant les espees, il y faudroit appliquer l’operation du Cercle 7. |
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|If he reinforces his blade with a little less than a Lively level of Force, you only need, to keep your superiority over him, to slide the point of contact up to a stronger Span and add however much strength as required to dominate his, and then strike him the same way as before, having made his change of Force useless. | |If he reinforces his blade with a little less than a Lively level of Force, you only need, to keep your superiority over him, to slide the point of contact up to a stronger Span and add however much strength as required to dominate his, and then strike him the same way as before, having made his change of Force useless. | ||
− | |S’il la renforçoit un peu moins que Gaillard, il ne faudroit que temperer | + | |S’il la renforçoit un peu moins que Gaillard, il ne faudroit que temperer vostre superiorité alencontre, en graduant un peu vos nombres, & en renforçant l’effort de vostre lame un petit à l’advenant pour maistriser la sienne, & luy donner encor la mesme atteinte que devant, consideré que le changement qu’il y apporte luy est rendu inutile. |
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|On the contrary, if it should happen, before your body begins to overbalance, that you feel him lessen the Force against your blade, it is certain the he is beginning to move his blade away, to disengage and strike you, perhaps on the right side of your blade by moving underneath the guard, then stepping forward, as he must, to enter in from your right side. Therefore, you must be careful not to continue the same steps, until you have made sure that the opponent’s sword cannot easily disengage from yours. Your right foot will be raised up, halfway through the step towards the Third Instance. By quickly turning it outwards, you can withdraw it a little to the left and adroitly turn your right side away, setting your foot down, and quickly drawing your left foot up, body leaning forwards, arm straight, tip pointing at his face, with the blade going downwards a little bit, proportionally, with the guard keeping his sword blocked, so he cannot reach underneath, and so he will be wounded in his face or the upper part of his chest. | |On the contrary, if it should happen, before your body begins to overbalance, that you feel him lessen the Force against your blade, it is certain the he is beginning to move his blade away, to disengage and strike you, perhaps on the right side of your blade by moving underneath the guard, then stepping forward, as he must, to enter in from your right side. Therefore, you must be careful not to continue the same steps, until you have made sure that the opponent’s sword cannot easily disengage from yours. Your right foot will be raised up, halfway through the step towards the Third Instance. By quickly turning it outwards, you can withdraw it a little to the left and adroitly turn your right side away, setting your foot down, and quickly drawing your left foot up, body leaning forwards, arm straight, tip pointing at his face, with the blade going downwards a little bit, proportionally, with the guard keeping his sword blocked, so he cannot reach underneath, and so he will be wounded in his face or the upper part of his chest. | ||
− | |Au contraire, s’il advient, avant que le corps vous commence à tresbucher avec le pied elevé, que le Sentiment vous die, que la lame de | + | |Au contraire, s’il advient, avant que le corps vous commence à tresbucher avec le pied elevé, que le Sentiment vous die, que la lame de dessoubs affoiblit son Poids, c’est chose indubitable, qu’elle commence à travailler pour se delivrer de la vostre, en intention de vous blesser, peut estre au costé droit au long de vostre lame au dessoubs la garde, avec un pas quil doit faire en entrant sur vous du pied droit. Pourtant en ce cas, vous vous garderez de cōtinuer la mesme demarche, ains avant que l’espee assujettie aye aucunement le loisir de se desacher de la vostre, le pied droit estant presentement eslevé en l’air à my-voye de la Troisieme Instance, en le tournant en dehors vous le retirerez un peu à gauche en esquivant le costé droit, & plantant soudainement le mesme pied à terre, avec une soudaine poursuite du pied gauche, le corps panché sur le devant, le bras roide & la pointe de l’espee assenée au visage du Contraire, la lame descendant proportionnellement un peu avec la garde, en retenant tousiours la superiorité, en sorte qu’il ne puisse toucher par le bas, & qu’il en soit blessé luy mesme au visage, ou en la partie superieure de la poitrine. |
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|But if he begins to lessen the force of his blade when you are already overbalanced and cannot avoid stepping forward, in this case set your foot down as far backwards as you can, even if you cannot avoid setting your foot down on the letter N at the Third Instance. At that point, carry on and proceed as before. | |But if he begins to lessen the force of his blade when you are already overbalanced and cannot avoid stepping forward, in this case set your foot down as far backwards as you can, even if you cannot avoid setting your foot down on the letter N at the Third Instance. At that point, carry on and proceed as before. | ||
− | |Mais s’il commençoit à vous faire | + | |Mais s’il commençoit à vous faire cesdits changements, au temps que le pied droit commence à tresbucher ensemble avec le corps; il vous faudroit observer en ce cas de le planter tousiours autant qu’il seroit possible en arriere, & quant au reste y proceder encor en la mesme sorte que devant: voire mesme combien que le pied fust venu si avant qu’il fust impossible de l’empescher de tomber à terre au poinćt N. à la Troisieme Instance. |
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|This is the follow-on and rigurous execution of the action begun previously, by which <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> slides the contact of his sword up his opponent’s blade with a straight arm, driving the two guards together and back, then quickly, with the right foot, stepping up to the letter S, along the Diameter, and putting his weight on his knee, but without moving his left foot up. So his sword pierces his opponent’s head, as is portrayed by their figures. | |This is the follow-on and rigurous execution of the action begun previously, by which <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> slides the contact of his sword up his opponent’s blade with a straight arm, driving the two guards together and back, then quickly, with the right foot, stepping up to the letter S, along the Diameter, and putting his weight on his knee, but without moving his left foot up. So his sword pierces his opponent’s head, as is portrayed by their figures. | ||
− | |C’est la | + | |C’est la poursuite & execution en rigueur de l’operation dernierement precedente, faite par Alexandre en graduant d’un bras roide l’espee contraire, en sorte que les deux guardes viennent à s’entredonner avec force, cheminant avec le pied droit jusqu’à l’S, qui est au deça le Diametre, & menant sur le genouil d’iceluy la charge du corps, sans nulle poursuite du pied gauche; perçant ainsi la teste à son Contraire; comme il est pourtrait en leurs figures. |
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|''Alexander has moved against the Alive degree of Force from the Second Instance towards the Third, to perform the same thrust as in Circle 5. He percieves, as his foot reaches N, that Zachary has, to defend himself, increased his resistance to the Lively degree. So he steps with his other foot to W, so his left side comes around in front, and, with his arm bent, places his sword-tip before his opponent’s face.'' | |''Alexander has moved against the Alive degree of Force from the Second Instance towards the Third, to perform the same thrust as in Circle 5. He percieves, as his foot reaches N, that Zachary has, to defend himself, increased his resistance to the Lively degree. So he steps with his other foot to W, so his left side comes around in front, and, with his arm bent, places his sword-tip before his opponent’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre s’estant acheminé sur le poids Vif de la Seconde Instance vers la Troisieme, pour y effectuer encor la mesme estocade, qu’au Cercle 5. il s’apperçoit, que Zacharie augmente le Sentiment du poids Gaillard, pour se defendre, dont il met le pied droit en terre à la lettre N. poursuivant avec l’autre jusqu’à l’W. en avançant le costé gauche, & luy presentant sa poinćte d’un bras courbé devant le visage.'' |
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|Having precisely countered the Alive degree of Force and subjugated his opponent’s sword, Alexander is in the act of making his way towards the Third Instance to again perform the same strike as in Circle No 5. At the same instant that he arrives at the mid-point towards the Instance, and as he begins to slide his sword along, he senses his opponent’s blade increase to a Lively degree of Force, so as to turn aside the thrust he is aiming at Zachary’s face. Therefore, as this change begins, Alexander, while setting his foot down at the Third Instance, prevents his opponent’s sword from rising up, by adjusting the force on his own blade to match and contol the lower one. At the same time, he continues on by lifting and advancing his left foot. As he does this, feeling that his opponent’s blade is keeping the same increased amount of Force, he bends his arm so that his sword rises upwards, and turns his body slightly to bring his left side forward. As his opponent continues to try and move the swords over and force his aside, he suddenly bends his arm to the inside (i.e. drawing the right elbow back), turning the outside branch of the crosspiece upwards, which alows his opponent’s sword to spring freely too far off line, so that it comes of its own accord back into contact with the weak part against either the strong part or the centre of his own sword. In this same way, he can aim his tip precisely, straight towards his opponent’s eyes, trapping the sword from beneath with the exterior branch of his crosspiece, while spinning so his raised left foot comes inside the angle of the sword to the letter S, with his knee bent and weight forward on it. Thus, he then has but to forcibly execute the thrust, as can be seen in the portraits of the figures. | |Having precisely countered the Alive degree of Force and subjugated his opponent’s sword, Alexander is in the act of making his way towards the Third Instance to again perform the same strike as in Circle No 5. At the same instant that he arrives at the mid-point towards the Instance, and as he begins to slide his sword along, he senses his opponent’s blade increase to a Lively degree of Force, so as to turn aside the thrust he is aiming at Zachary’s face. Therefore, as this change begins, Alexander, while setting his foot down at the Third Instance, prevents his opponent’s sword from rising up, by adjusting the force on his own blade to match and contol the lower one. At the same time, he continues on by lifting and advancing his left foot. As he does this, feeling that his opponent’s blade is keeping the same increased amount of Force, he bends his arm so that his sword rises upwards, and turns his body slightly to bring his left side forward. As his opponent continues to try and move the swords over and force his aside, he suddenly bends his arm to the inside (i.e. drawing the right elbow back), turning the outside branch of the crosspiece upwards, which alows his opponent’s sword to spring freely too far off line, so that it comes of its own accord back into contact with the weak part against either the strong part or the centre of his own sword. In this same way, he can aim his tip precisely, straight towards his opponent’s eyes, trapping the sword from beneath with the exterior branch of his crosspiece, while spinning so his raised left foot comes inside the angle of the sword to the letter S, with his knee bent and weight forward on it. Thus, he then has but to forcibly execute the thrust, as can be seen in the portraits of the figures. | ||
− | |Apres le | + | |Apres le juste assujettissement de l’espee contraire tenant le Poids Vif, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’estant à cheminé devers la Troisieme Instance pour y donner encor la mesme atteinte, comme au Cercle 5. au mesme instant qu’il arrive avec le pied droit à my-voye de l’Instance, & qu’il commence à faire la graduation, il s’apperçoit par le sentiment, que le Sentiment de la lame contraire s’augmente en Poids Gaillard, pour destourner le coup, qui luy est dressé vers le visage. Au commencement doncques de ce changement, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> empesche l’espee contraire de monter, en mettant le pied en terre à la Troisieme Instance, & en domptant par la moderation de son propre poids à l’advenant de celuy de dessoubs; poursuivant quand & quand d’eslever & avancer le pied gauche; durant laquelle aćtion, sentant que le Contraire continue tousiours en a mesme augmentation de Poids qu’il avoit commencée, il s’asseure sur le sentiment de laisser un peu monter & transporter les espees, en se courbant le bras un peu en dedans vers le haut, & presentant de mesme voye le costé gauche peu à peu devant: & d’autant que la partie adverse ne laisse pas de continuer encor à luy vouloir transporter & assujettir l’espee, il courbe soudainement le bras en dedans, avec la branche exterieure haute, en donnant à l’espee contraire course libre, en sorte qu’elle retombe d’elle mesme avec le foible au fort & Centre de la sienne; & que par mesme voye il luy dresse sa pointe par courtoisie droit à la veuë, en surprenant la lame contraire par embas avec la branche exterieure de la sienne, se tournant cependant avec le pied eslevé au dedans de l’angle, & le plantant à la lettre S. avec le genouil plié, & le corps panché dessus: quoy qu’il n’aye tenu qu’à luy d’en faire l’execution par rigueur: ainsi qu’il est aisé de recognoistre aux pourtraits des figures. |
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|Note that, while you are allowing the swords to raise up a little, if your opponent begins to weaken his force, instead of allowing him to carry the swords across, you must once again dominate and force his sword down and away, while moving the left side and raised left foot forward and inside the angle of the sword. | |Note that, while you are allowing the swords to raise up a little, if your opponent begins to weaken his force, instead of allowing him to carry the swords across, you must once again dominate and force his sword down and away, while moving the left side and raised left foot forward and inside the angle of the sword. | ||
− | |Notez en | + | |Notez en laissant de vostre consentement un peu monter les espees, si l’adversaire commençoit d’affoiblir son poids, qu’au lieu de luy accorder de les transporter, il vous faudroit la redompter & reassujettir derechef une autrefois, en avançant le costé gauche & vous logeant derechef avec le pied eslevé au dedans de l’angle. |
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|Inasmuch as we have described Alexander’s actions putting his left foot down on the letter S on the Inside Square, there are also occasions which present themselves where he should move his foot the same distance, but along the Outside Square. For example, when the Opposing Force weakens, changing where he puts his foot is no longer merely desireable, but also necessary, so that when stepping forward with the right foot, the cut which must follow will be much easier. In any case, one must not decide in advance one way or the other, but respond according to the situation as it presents itself. | |Inasmuch as we have described Alexander’s actions putting his left foot down on the letter S on the Inside Square, there are also occasions which present themselves where he should move his foot the same distance, but along the Outside Square. For example, when the Opposing Force weakens, changing where he puts his foot is no longer merely desireable, but also necessary, so that when stepping forward with the right foot, the cut which must follow will be much easier. In any case, one must not decide in advance one way or the other, but respond according to the situation as it presents itself. | ||
− | |Or | + | |Or ainsi que nous venons de descrir l’operation d’Alexandre pour mettre le pied gauche à la lettre S. sur le costé du Quarré Inscrit, aussi il se presentera des occasions de le planter en mesme distance sur le Quarré Circonscrit; assavoir en cas que le Poids du Contraire soit un bien peu plus foible. car alors il ne sera pas seulement loisible, mais aussi necessaire: & le coup d’estramaçon qui s’en doit ensuivre avec l’avancement du pied droit, n’en sera que d’autant plus facile. Toutesfois il ne faut affećter ne l’un ne l’autre, ains simpement travailler selon que les occasions convient. |
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|''While Alexander moves towards the Third Instance, to again perform the same strike, Zachary parries him, by increasing the force of his blade to Livelier, and so moves the blades to the inside. At this instant, Alexander sets his right foot down at the letter N, weighting it so as to close up with his left foot, which he sets down beside the other, then moves his right foot again, over to the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, shifts his weight over it, while turning his left side forward, and bending his arm so as to point his sword-tip in his opponent’s face.'' | |''While Alexander moves towards the Third Instance, to again perform the same strike, Zachary parries him, by increasing the force of his blade to Livelier, and so moves the blades to the inside. At this instant, Alexander sets his right foot down at the letter N, weighting it so as to close up with his left foot, which he sets down beside the other, then moves his right foot again, over to the letter L on the Perpendicular Diameter, shifts his weight over it, while turning his left side forward, and bending his arm so as to point his sword-tip in his opponent’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre s’achemine devers la | + | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre s’achemine devers la Troisieme Instance, pour y effectuer encores le mesme coup; Zachary le pare, en augmentant le Sentiment des lames en poids Plus-Gaillard, dont il les transporte en dedans. Auquel instant Alexandre met le pied droit en terre à la lettre N. se bastant comme pour le chasser avec le pied gauche, le quel il met en terre parallele à l’autre, il transporte derechef le pied droit sur le Diametre perpendiculaire au poinćt L. avançant sur iceluy le corps avec le costé gauche, & presentant esemblement d’un bras courbé sa poinćte au visage de son Contraire.'' |
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|This action begins the same way as the one before, continues on the same way, to the moment Alexander begins to slide the point of contact up the blade and aim his sword-tip. To parry this, Zachary, who worked the previous Circle with the Lively degree of Force, now increases this by a degree. Against this, Alexander again begins to counter by maintaining control over his blade, pushing down and dominating so the swords cannot come upwards. Meanwhile, he sets his right foot down at the Third Instance at N, quickly following on with the left foot, which he places on the ground parallel to and beside the other, and instantly lifts his right foot, almost as if he is dancing a demi-fleurette (quick-step), stretching his body up and allowing his opponent’s sword to rise. Zachary continues to increase the force on his sword, Alexander allows the swords to be moved over bit by bit, which he avoids by moving his body to the right, with his left side slightly forward and his arm slightly bent inwards. At the instant the swords reach the point of passing over the top of his head Alexander suddenly extends his arm outwards, knowing that Zachary’s sword will spring over out of control, carried by the force behind it, as far as the Principal Diameter before he can stop it. Alexander turns the crosspiece so the exterior branch is diagonally upwards. The blades connect so that a low-numbered Span in the weak part of his opponent’s blade crosses near the guard of his own, extending beyond and so trapped behind the exterior branch of his crosspiece. He aims his tip at his opponents face, setting his right foot down at L along the Perpendicular Diameter, his weight on his bent knee, and follows this by drawing his left foot up to N. The whole is shown precisely in detail, without executing the thrust which is entirely within his ability. This can be clearly seen in the representation by the figures. | |This action begins the same way as the one before, continues on the same way, to the moment Alexander begins to slide the point of contact up the blade and aim his sword-tip. To parry this, Zachary, who worked the previous Circle with the Lively degree of Force, now increases this by a degree. Against this, Alexander again begins to counter by maintaining control over his blade, pushing down and dominating so the swords cannot come upwards. Meanwhile, he sets his right foot down at the Third Instance at N, quickly following on with the left foot, which he places on the ground parallel to and beside the other, and instantly lifts his right foot, almost as if he is dancing a demi-fleurette (quick-step), stretching his body up and allowing his opponent’s sword to rise. Zachary continues to increase the force on his sword, Alexander allows the swords to be moved over bit by bit, which he avoids by moving his body to the right, with his left side slightly forward and his arm slightly bent inwards. At the instant the swords reach the point of passing over the top of his head Alexander suddenly extends his arm outwards, knowing that Zachary’s sword will spring over out of control, carried by the force behind it, as far as the Principal Diameter before he can stop it. Alexander turns the crosspiece so the exterior branch is diagonally upwards. The blades connect so that a low-numbered Span in the weak part of his opponent’s blade crosses near the guard of his own, extending beyond and so trapped behind the exterior branch of his crosspiece. He aims his tip at his opponents face, setting his right foot down at L along the Perpendicular Diameter, his weight on his bent knee, and follows this by drawing his left foot up to N. The whole is shown precisely in detail, without executing the thrust which is entirely within his ability. This can be clearly seen in the representation by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation à le mesme commencement que la precedente, continuant aussi en la mesme sorte, jusqu’à tant qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se met à faire la graduation, & à dresser sa pointe; pour laquelle parer <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font>, qui a travaillé au precedent Cercle avec le Poids Gaillard: l’augmente icy un degré plus avant. Sur lequel <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> travaille derechef au commencement pour luy tenir la lame en devoir, en la contrepesant & domptant en sorte qu’elle ne puisse monter; & cependant il plante le pied à la Troisieme Instance au poinćt N. avec poursuite du pied gauche, lequel il met tout soudainement parallele aupres de l’autre, & derechef il esleve le droit au mesme instant, quasi comme en faisant une demi-fleurette, avec extension du corps. & donnant quelque permission de monter à l’espee contraire: laquelle continuant en l’augmentation du poids, il luy consent de transporter peu à peu les espees, lesquels il suit avec le corps en allant à l’advenant vers le costé droit avec le costé gauche un peu avancé & le bras courbe lentement en dedans: & à l’instant que les espees viennent sur le point de passer l’endroit du sommet de sa teste: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’allonge le bras courbé en dehors, sur l’asseurance de la continuation du poids, jusqu’au dessus du Diametre principal, estant la branche exterieure de la garde tournée diagonalement en haut; le tout pour donner à l’espee contraire course libre: laquelle vient à se rendre avec le foible Nombre contre la garde de la sienne, au dehors de la branche exterieure: en sorte qu’il luy en dresse la pointe devant le visage, en plantant le pied droit sur le Diametre perpendiculaire à la lettre L, & en chargeant le corps sur le genouil d’iceluy plié avec avancement du costé gauche, & poursuite du mesme pied à l’advenant, trainant jusques à l’N. Le tout se demonstre par courtoisie, sans en faire l’execution qui est toutesfoit en sa puissance; ainsi quil se voit clairement en la representation des figures. |
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|''Alexander again proceeds in the same way as before from the Second Instance to the Third. Zachary turns the hit aside, moving the blades over with a Very-Lively degree of Force. Which makes Alexander place his right foot at the Centre, moving his body forward and over his knee, drawing his foot to M, and once more putting the tip of his sword before his opponent’s eyes.'' | |''Alexander again proceeds in the same way as before from the Second Instance to the Third. Zachary turns the hit aside, moving the blades over with a Very-Lively degree of Force. Which makes Alexander place his right foot at the Centre, moving his body forward and over his knee, drawing his foot to M, and once more putting the tip of his sword before his opponent’s eyes.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre procedant encor en a | + | |''Alexandre procedant encor en a mesme façon de la Seconde Instance vers la Troisieme; Zacharie destourne le coup en transportant les lames avec Poids Tres-Gaillard: qui faićt Alexandre va planter le pied droit sur le Centre, en avançant & panchant le corps dessus, trainant le pied jusques à l’M. & mettant ensemblement (comme devant) sa poinćte devant les yeux du Contraire.'' |
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|In this action, there is no other difference from the two ones preceeding, except that while Alexander is in the process of extending the thrust at the Third Instance, Zachary parries to the inside with a Very-Lively level of Force, even more than before. Thereupon, Alexander controls himself again according to the principles from the previous Circle, moving his right foot along the Perpendicular Diameter over to the Centre, and leaning his body over his bent knee, following along with his left foot up to the letter M. He rapidly extends his inwardly bent arm along the Perpendicular Diameter, until it is above the Collateral, which releases his opponent’s sword to spring over until the weak part of the blade connects to the strong of his own, by which he can, in the same moment, turn his tip towards his opponent’s eyes, as we see in the figure. | |In this action, there is no other difference from the two ones preceeding, except that while Alexander is in the process of extending the thrust at the Third Instance, Zachary parries to the inside with a Very-Lively level of Force, even more than before. Thereupon, Alexander controls himself again according to the principles from the previous Circle, moving his right foot along the Perpendicular Diameter over to the Centre, and leaning his body over his bent knee, following along with his left foot up to the letter M. He rapidly extends his inwardly bent arm along the Perpendicular Diameter, until it is above the Collateral, which releases his opponent’s sword to spring over until the weak part of the blade connects to the strong of his own, by which he can, in the same moment, turn his tip towards his opponent’s eyes, as we see in the figure. | ||
− | |En | + | |En ceste operation il n’y a nulle autre difference d’avec les deux derniers precedēts, sinon que pendant qu’Alexandre est en aćtion d’allonger l’estocade à la Troisieme Instance; que Zacharie la pare en dedans avec Poids tres-Gaillard, où il y a autant plus d’effort qu’au precedent. Là dessus donc Alexandre se gouverne encore suyvant les observations du Cercle precedent, en cheminant avec le pied droit au long du Diametre perpendiculaire jusqu’au Centre, & y panche le corps à costé dessus le genouil plié, avec poursuite du pied gauche revenant à la lettre M. & extension du bras droit courbé en dedans au dessus du Diametre perpendiculaire, jusqu’à l’endroit de la Collaterale, moyennant laquelle, l’espee contraire est portée de son propre mouvement avec le foible au fort de la sienne, de laquelle il luy en met en mesme temps la pointe devant les yeux; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|''Alexander is again mid-way to the Third Instance, and sliding the point of contact up the blade to thrust. His opponent increases the force against him and raises the blades to move them to the inside. In response, he again dominates and subjugates the blade and forces it to the side, sliding the point of contact up his blade, and as he sets his foot down at N at the Third Instance, he leans his body over it and promptly moves his left foot to just outside the Circle along the line K-N. This action can also be done against the three preceeding degrees of force, Lively, Livelier, and Very-Lively.'' | |''Alexander is again mid-way to the Third Instance, and sliding the point of contact up the blade to thrust. His opponent increases the force against him and raises the blades to move them to the inside. In response, he again dominates and subjugates the blade and forces it to the side, sliding the point of contact up his blade, and as he sets his foot down at N at the Third Instance, he leans his body over it and promptly moves his left foot to just outside the Circle along the line K-N. This action can also be done against the three preceeding degrees of force, Lively, Livelier, and Very-Lively.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre estant derechef à my-chemin de la Troisieme Instance, & y faisant la graduation pour donner l’estocade; sa partie augmente le poids & hausse les lames pour les transporter en dedans; dont au mesme temps il le redomte & rassujettit, en luy desgraduant la lame, & posant le pied droit en terre à la Troisieme Instance, lettre N. avec le corps panché dessus& logé dedans l’angle des espees, & le pied gauche poursuivant promptement & revenant un peu dehors le Cercle alendroit de la ligne K N. Qui est une operation qui se peut pratiquer sur les trois precedents Poids, Gaillard, Plus-Gaillard, & Tres-Gaillard.'' |
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|This present action also begins in Circle No 1, where Alexander held his opponent’s sword subjugated, where we presume that his opponent used, and continued to use, the Alive degree of Force. Thus Alexander begins to continue to make his way towards the Third Instance. After he has reached the mid-point on the way, he once again, as before, begins to slide the point of contact up the opponent’s blade, keeping his body from leaning forward, to again hit as he did in Circle No 5. But his sense of feel tells him that the Force of the opposing blade is increasing from the level of Alive to one of the three previous levels, that is, either Lively, Livelier, or Very-Lively, as shown, and each different action described, in the 7th, 8th, and 9th Circles, respectively. However, these levels of Force can all be responded to with the same action which we show here. That is, according to the degree to which Zachary increases the force on his blade, Alexander also increases his own, carefully allowing the swords to rise a bit, and the point of contact to slide up his opponent’s sword and down his own, so as to give the appearance that they are being moved across, meanwhile setting his right foot down at the letter N at the Third Instance. Insofar as he does this, his body moves forward while leaning in, while at the same time, by means of a slide along the blade, he again returns the point of contact back to the same Spans as before, when he previously controlled his opponent’s blade. He closes the upper right arm against his body, to further reinforce his sword, and to guard against overbalancing, and to bring his opponent’s sword back downwards and properly subjugated. With a rapid circular move, he follows on with his left foot setting it, at the proper distance, down ouside the Circle along the line K-N while moving his left side around and, with a slight lean of the body forward onto the right foot, comes inside the open angle of his opponent’s sword, which he just created. | |This present action also begins in Circle No 1, where Alexander held his opponent’s sword subjugated, where we presume that his opponent used, and continued to use, the Alive degree of Force. Thus Alexander begins to continue to make his way towards the Third Instance. After he has reached the mid-point on the way, he once again, as before, begins to slide the point of contact up the opponent’s blade, keeping his body from leaning forward, to again hit as he did in Circle No 5. But his sense of feel tells him that the Force of the opposing blade is increasing from the level of Alive to one of the three previous levels, that is, either Lively, Livelier, or Very-Lively, as shown, and each different action described, in the 7th, 8th, and 9th Circles, respectively. However, these levels of Force can all be responded to with the same action which we show here. That is, according to the degree to which Zachary increases the force on his blade, Alexander also increases his own, carefully allowing the swords to rise a bit, and the point of contact to slide up his opponent’s sword and down his own, so as to give the appearance that they are being moved across, meanwhile setting his right foot down at the letter N at the Third Instance. Insofar as he does this, his body moves forward while leaning in, while at the same time, by means of a slide along the blade, he again returns the point of contact back to the same Spans as before, when he previously controlled his opponent’s blade. He closes the upper right arm against his body, to further reinforce his sword, and to guard against overbalancing, and to bring his opponent’s sword back downwards and properly subjugated. With a rapid circular move, he follows on with his left foot setting it, at the proper distance, down ouside the Circle along the line K-N while moving his left side around and, with a slight lean of the body forward onto the right foot, comes inside the open angle of his opponent’s sword, which he just created. | ||
− | |La | + | |La presente operation prend aussi son commencement du Cercle 1. où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a tenu l’espee contraire assujettie, presupposant qu’elle use, & continue à user du Poids Vif. Dont il a commencé a cheminer consecutivement devers la Troisieme Instance; & en estant venu à la my-voye, il se met derechef ainsi que devant à graduer un peu la lame contraire avec le corps aucunement panché sur le devant, pour donner encor l’atteinte du Cercle 5. Mais il cognoist par le sentiment que le Poids de la lame contraire, ayant esté seulement Vif, s’augmente jusqu’en l’un des trois dernierement precedents, assavoir Gaillard, Plus-Gaillard, ou Tres-Gaillard: Sur lesquels ont esté faites és Cercles 7. 8. & 9. autant de differentes operations à chascun la sienne: lesquelles peuvent cependant toutes estre prevenues par celle que nous mettrons icy presentement. C’est assavoir à mesure que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ira augmentant son Poids; qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> augmentera aussi à l’adventant le sien, avec moderation & discretion de laisser monter un petit les espees, avec graduation de la contraire & desgraduation de la sienne propre, donnant comme apparence de les laisser transporter, & mettant cependant le pied droit en terre à la Troisieme Instance au poinćt N. Et d’autant qu’en ce faisant son corps s’avance avec abaissement, au mesme temps il regaignera derechef moyennant la desgraduation, les nombres où il tenoit preallablement l’espee contraire en subjećtion, s’affermissant le haut du bras au costé droit, pour en renforcer l’espee d’autant d’avantage, & pour l’asseurer cōtre les tresbuchements, & ensemble en ramener l’espee contraire vers le bas suyvant la justesse de l’assujettissement; avec soudaine poursuite circulaire du pied gauche, iceluy plantant dehors le Cercle à proportion de l’autre & respondant sur la ligne K N: & ensemble presentant le costé gauche devant, lequel il loge (par le moyen du panchemēt de la partie superieure du corps, reposé sur le pied droit) au dedans de l’angle, qu’il s’est ouvert sur l’espee contraire. |
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|The actions which can follow from this will be seen elsewhere. | |The actions which can follow from this will be seen elsewhere. | ||
− | |Les executions qui | + | |Les executions qui se pourront faire en suite de ceste operation se verront autrepart. |
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|It may appear that the position of Alexander’s left leg lagging behind at G is not in accord with the description we have given above. This was drawn like this deliberately to be able to clearly show the actions of the arm, hand, and sword-guard, which would not be possible, as they would be hidden, if his back were turned forward. | |It may appear that the position of Alexander’s left leg lagging behind at G is not in accord with the description we have given above. This was drawn like this deliberately to be able to clearly show the actions of the arm, hand, and sword-guard, which would not be possible, as they would be hidden, if his back were turned forward. | ||
− | |Or combien que la | + | |Or combien que la situation du pied gauche d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, semble contrarier en la figure à la description que nous en venons de faire; à raison qu’il y semble demeurer à la Seconde Instance au poinćt G. toutesfois il faut entendre, qu’il a esté là pour mettre à descouvert les operations du bras, de la main & de la garde de l’espee, ce qui n’eust esté praticable, en cas que le dos de la figure fust tourné devant. |
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|''Alexander has once again come to the mid-way point to the Third Instance, sliding his sword and turning the tip of his blade towards his opponent’s face. Zachary defends himself by increasing the degree of Force up to Strong, carrying the swords to the inside, so that Alexander, at the same time he sets his foot down at N, disengages the swords by bringing his up high, and gives his opponent a cut across the face while stepping with his left foot swiftly forward to the letter W but making sure to keep his body erect.'' | |''Alexander has once again come to the mid-way point to the Third Instance, sliding his sword and turning the tip of his blade towards his opponent’s face. Zachary defends himself by increasing the degree of Force up to Strong, carrying the swords to the inside, so that Alexander, at the same time he sets his foot down at N, disengages the swords by bringing his up high, and gives his opponent a cut across the face while stepping with his left foot swiftly forward to the letter W but making sure to keep his body erect.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''Estant encores venu à my-chemin de la Troisieme Instance, graduant & tournant la poinćte de sa lame devers le visage de Zacharie, iceluy s’en defend par l’accroissement du Sentiment en poids Fort, en transportant les espees en dedans, donc Alexandre mettant au mesme temps le pied en terre à la lettre N. il destache les espees en menant la sienne en haut; & en donne à son Contraire un coup d’estramaçon au visage, en marchant avec le pied gauche vistement en avant jusqu’à W. avec le corps aucunement panché en devant.'' |
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|Here we have yet another action which likewise follows from Circle No 1 where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword and is moving from the Second Instance towards the Third. His right foot has reached the mid-way point and makes the briefest of pauses at the same time that he begins to slide the point of contact along the two swords, extends his body, and aims his sword-tip towards his adversary’s face. Who, in turn, to deflect the strike, increases the level of Force against the blade to Strong. In this way, he raises the blades up and carries them across, but with the sudden force, he cannot stop his blade from reading the centre line. This is why Alexander offers no resistance, allowing the blades to follow this path, then quickly enters in, placing his right foot down at the Third Instance, and, spinning on his right toes, swiftly follows, stepping with the left foot all the way to W along the Circumference, turning his left side forwards, along with the guard and part of his right arm. As he does this, using his wrist, he swings his blade around so the tip of his sword goes backwards under his opponent’s blade, then up, overhead and, as his left foot comes down, his blade also comes down and cuts across the right side of his opponent’s head, as it is shown in the figure. | |Here we have yet another action which likewise follows from Circle No 1 where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword and is moving from the Second Instance towards the Third. His right foot has reached the mid-way point and makes the briefest of pauses at the same time that he begins to slide the point of contact along the two swords, extends his body, and aims his sword-tip towards his adversary’s face. Who, in turn, to deflect the strike, increases the level of Force against the blade to Strong. In this way, he raises the blades up and carries them across, but with the sudden force, he cannot stop his blade from reading the centre line. This is why Alexander offers no resistance, allowing the blades to follow this path, then quickly enters in, placing his right foot down at the Third Instance, and, spinning on his right toes, swiftly follows, stepping with the left foot all the way to W along the Circumference, turning his left side forwards, along with the guard and part of his right arm. As he does this, using his wrist, he swings his blade around so the tip of his sword goes backwards under his opponent’s blade, then up, overhead and, as his left foot comes down, his blade also comes down and cuts across the right side of his opponent’s head, as it is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Voicy encor une autre operation, qui procede pareillement du Cercle 1. où Alexandre a tenu | + | |Voicy encor une autre operation, qui procede pareillement du Cercle 1. où Alexandre a tenu l’espee contraire assujettie & comme il s’est acheminé de la Seconde Instance vers la Troisieme, en estant venu avec le pied droit à my-chemin, il y a fait comme une petite pause, & quand & quand, il y a commencé à graduer toutes les deux espees, estendant le corps & dressant sa poinćte devers le visage de sa partie adverse. Lequel pour destourner le coup, augmente le sentiment de sa lame en Poids Fort; au moyen duquel il esleve & transporte les lames avec une soudaine force, dont la sienne ne peut s’engarder de tresbucher. C’est pourquoy Alexandre luy donne course libre sans resistence, en entrant vistement avec le pied droit à la Troisieme Instance, & soudainement poursuivant avec le pied gauche, en l’avançant avec le costé gauche, & aussi un peu le bras droit avec la garde, en jettant au mesme temps à l’aide du seul poignet de la main, sa poinćte en arriere de dessoubs l’espee contraire en dessus, & par la continuation du mesme mouvement, plantant le pied gauche sur la Circonference au poinćt W, il donne à son Contraire un coup d’estramaçon, allant par dessus la lame & le bras au costé droit de la teste, avec poursuit du pied gauche, qui suit & traine apres l’autre sur les orteils; comme il est pourtrait en la figure. |
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|''This circle again continues in the same way, up to the part when he moves his left foot. Instead of making the aforesaid cut to the face, because the force of the opponent’s sword has carried it further downwards, he raises his sword-tip upwards in a circular way, closing his hand and guard against the right side of his chest and wounds his opponent with the sword-tip above the arm, with his body leaning forwards.'' | |''This circle again continues in the same way, up to the part when he moves his left foot. Instead of making the aforesaid cut to the face, because the force of the opponent’s sword has carried it further downwards, he raises his sword-tip upwards in a circular way, closing his hand and guard against the right side of his chest and wounds his opponent with the sword-tip above the arm, with his body leaning forwards.'' | ||
− | |''Continuant derechef en la | + | |''Continuant derechef en la mesme sorte, jusqu’à tant qu’il commence à avancer le pied gauche, au lieu, de donner le susdite coup d’estramaçon ( à cause que l’espee contraire est en aćtion des tresbucher un peu plus bas) il conduit sa poinćte circulairement en haut, s’affermissant la main & la garde contre la poitrine au costé droit, & blessant sa partie de poinćte au visage par dessus le bras avec le corps panché en avant.'' |
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|This action accords with the preceeding one, not only in that they both begin from the same position when subjugating his opponent’s blade, but also in the Strong degree of Force with which his opponent resists against him. There is but this difference, in that, in the preceeding Cercle, Alexander set his right foot down and, while he moved his raised left foot around forwards, at the same time he disengaged his sword, bringing the sword-tip from underneath to above his opponent’s blade as it went past. But this time his adversary’s sword goes further down than in Circle No 11, giving Alexander time, in this present action, to turn his hand so the interior branch of the crossguard is upwards and hold it against his right side, slightly lower down than is shown here, as he moves his left side forward. He again sets his left foot down at W along the Outside Square, leaning slightly forwards over the bent knee, pointing the sword-tip over his opponent’s arm and sword at his adversary’s face. This action is performed with exactness, as it appears in the figure. | |This action accords with the preceeding one, not only in that they both begin from the same position when subjugating his opponent’s blade, but also in the Strong degree of Force with which his opponent resists against him. There is but this difference, in that, in the preceeding Cercle, Alexander set his right foot down and, while he moved his raised left foot around forwards, at the same time he disengaged his sword, bringing the sword-tip from underneath to above his opponent’s blade as it went past. But this time his adversary’s sword goes further down than in Circle No 11, giving Alexander time, in this present action, to turn his hand so the interior branch of the crossguard is upwards and hold it against his right side, slightly lower down than is shown here, as he moves his left side forward. He again sets his left foot down at W along the Outside Square, leaning slightly forwards over the bent knee, pointing the sword-tip over his opponent’s arm and sword at his adversary’s face. This action is performed with exactness, as it appears in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation n’est pas seulement accordante avec la precedente, en ce qu’elles prennent toutes deux leurs commencements de l’assujetissemēt des espees, mais aussi mesmes en l’augmentation de poids, que revient en l’une & en l’autre jusqu’au fort. Il n’y a que ceste difference, qu’en la precedente <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> plantant le pied droit & esleveant en avant le gauche, il a destaché au mesme temps les lames, en menant la pointe de la sienne de dessoubs en dessus la lame contraire tresbuchante: laquelle descend presentement d’avantage qu’au Cercle 11. dont <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> se tourne en ceste operation presente la main avec la garde de l’espee la branche interieure en haut, & l’affermit (en menant le costé gauche du corps devant) contre son costé droit, un peu plus bas qu’il n’est icy representé au pourtraićt, en presentant ensemblement la pointe par dessus l’espee & le bras contraire au costé droit de la teste de sa partie adverse, avec le pied gauche pour planter au poinćt W sur le Quarré Circonscrit, le corps panchant de mesme dessus le geuouil d’iceluy plié. Le tout est pratiqué par courtoisie; comme il appert aux figures. |
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|''While he advances his right foot towards the Third Instance, slides his sword up his blade, and aims his point at the face of his opponent, at the instant his foot comes down at the letter N, his adversary increases the level of Force against him to Very Strong, enough to carry both the swords backwards. So, at the same time as he guides the swords overhead, he sets his left foot down beside his right, and almost chases his right foot outside the Circle to W, and leans forward while cutting to the right side of the head.'' | |''While he advances his right foot towards the Third Instance, slides his sword up his blade, and aims his point at the face of his opponent, at the instant his foot comes down at the letter N, his adversary increases the level of Force against him to Very Strong, enough to carry both the swords backwards. So, at the same time as he guides the swords overhead, he sets his left foot down beside his right, and almost chases his right foot outside the Circle to W, and leans forward while cutting to the right side of the head.'' | ||
− | |''Cependant qu’il s’avance avec le pied droit devers la | + | |''Cependant qu’il s’avance avec le pied droit devers la Troisieme Instance, graduant & dressant sa poinćte avec le bras ferme devers le visage de son Contraire; à l’instant que le pied s’abaisse à la lettre N. sa partie augmente le Sentiment en poids Plus fort, & luy transporte l’espee; dont au mesme temps il la mene de bas en haut en entrant du pied gauche & le plantant parallele, comme en chassant l’autre un peu dehors le Cercle à l’W, & ensemble donnant un coup d’estramçon à son Contraire au costé droit de la teste, avec le corps panché en avant.'' |
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|This action follows from the same beginning and continuation as the previous. That is, Alexander has first subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance. From there he began to make his way to the Third, and when his right foot had reached about half-way, he began to slide the point of contact of his sword along, arm straight, by the same number of Spans to keep his opponent’s sword subjugated. Thus Zachary began to increase the force of his resistance. To which Alexander likewise at first maintained his dominance by increasing his counter-force as needed, in such a way as to keep the swords from rising up. Thus continuing the slide up the sword, with a circular motion, he aims his point at the face of his adversary as he sets his foot down at N. By this, Zachary is constrained to parry and carry the swords across to the inside by increasing the level of Force to Stronger. Thereupon Alexander, by abruptly disengaging and allowing the sword to spring over, then brings his own up, with a sudden step with the left foot, he sets it down next to his right, which, at that same moment, he raises and moves forward, almost like the quick-step dance-move, and while he does this, as he sets his foot down just beyond the Circle near W, he cuts his adversary diagnonally across the right side of his head, while leaning his body forward, as is shown in the figure. | |This action follows from the same beginning and continuation as the previous. That is, Alexander has first subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance. From there he began to make his way to the Third, and when his right foot had reached about half-way, he began to slide the point of contact of his sword along, arm straight, by the same number of Spans to keep his opponent’s sword subjugated. Thus Zachary began to increase the force of his resistance. To which Alexander likewise at first maintained his dominance by increasing his counter-force as needed, in such a way as to keep the swords from rising up. Thus continuing the slide up the sword, with a circular motion, he aims his point at the face of his adversary as he sets his foot down at N. By this, Zachary is constrained to parry and carry the swords across to the inside by increasing the level of Force to Stronger. Thereupon Alexander, by abruptly disengaging and allowing the sword to spring over, then brings his own up, with a sudden step with the left foot, he sets it down next to his right, which, at that same moment, he raises and moves forward, almost like the quick-step dance-move, and while he does this, as he sets his foot down just beyond the Circle near W, he cuts his adversary diagnonally across the right side of his head, while leaning his body forward, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste cy procede encor d’un mesme commencemēt & d’une pareille continuation comme la precedente: assavoir qu’Alexandre à premierement tenu l’espee contraire assujettie à la Seconde Instance: d’où il s’est acheminé devers la Troisieme, & estant venu avec le pied droit environ le milieu, il a commencé d’avancer la graduation de son espee d’un bras roide, par les mesmes Nombres où l’espee contraire estoit assujettie: dont Zacharie a commencé d’augmenter son poids. Le quel Alexandre à pareillement domté au cōmencement, par l’augmentation de son contre-poids à l’advenant, en sorte qu’il a empesché les espees de monter en haut; & ainsi continuant la graduation, il a dressé sa pointe circulairement contre le visage de sa partie adverse, en posant le pied à terre à la Troisieme Instance au poinćt N. De quoy Zacharie est contraint de parer & transporter les lames en dedans en augmentant le Sentiment en Poids Plus fort. Là dessus Alexandre en la destachant tout à l’instant, & la laissant tresbucher, mene la sienne de bas en haut, avec une soudaine poursuite du pied gauche, le plantant tout joignant l’autre, lequel quand & quand il leve & avance, cōme en forme d’une demy-fleurette, & durant icelle, il donne à son Contraire un coup d’estramaçon diagonal au costé droit de la teste, avec le corps prest à pancher sur le devant, pour planter le pied droit un peu hors du Cercle, en deça le poinćt W. comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|''Alexander has passed though all the previous steps, to the moment he sets his foot down at N. Zachary parries his attack, carrying the swords over with a Very Strong degree of Force. Therefore, Alexander advances with his left foot under him, bringing his sword from underneath the other, over his head, and setting his foot down at W and leaning forward, delivers a reverse cut to the back of Zachary’s head.'' | |''Alexander has passed though all the previous steps, to the moment he sets his foot down at N. Zachary parries his attack, carrying the swords over with a Very Strong degree of Force. Therefore, Alexander advances with his left foot under him, bringing his sword from underneath the other, over his head, and setting his foot down at W and leaning forward, delivers a reverse cut to the back of Zachary’s head.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''S’estant passé encores tout le mesme jusqu’au temps que le pied droit d’Alexandre s’abaisse à la lettre N: Zacharie luy pare le coup, en transportant les espees avec poids Tres-fort: dont Alexandre s’avance avec le pied gauche dessus luy, menant l’espee de dessoubs l’autre au dessus de sa teste, & en plantant le pied à l’W. avec le corps panché de mesme, il blesse le Contraire d’un coup de revers au derriere de la teste.'' |
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|This action likewise begins with the same steps as the preceeding ones, in the same order. Alexander is moving from the Second Instance to the Third, and at the same time gradually sliding the point of contact up the sword, when his Adversary increases the Force against him. This he overcomes by appropriately increasing his own force, and because of his superior position, prevents the swords from rising up. As he continues to slide the point of contact, keeping his arm straight and extended, he directs his sword-tip towards his opponent’s neck, while putting his foot down at N, and beginning to bring his left foot forward. As the attack comes in this way, Zachary has no option but to increase the Force of his resistance to Very Strong, so that he turns the blades aside, forcing them over to the inside. Alexander feels this, but unlike previously when he disengaged his sword and allowed his opponent’s to freely fly across, he now keeps contact as they pass overhead until they have lowered enough, before he releases Zachary’s sword to spring and overshoot down and out of the way, while bringing his own in a circular path around and over his head to strike diagonally down across the back of his opponent’s head, using his extended arm, as his left foot lands on the Outside Square at W, and his right foot spins on his toes to point forward, as is shown by the figures. | |This action likewise begins with the same steps as the preceeding ones, in the same order. Alexander is moving from the Second Instance to the Third, and at the same time gradually sliding the point of contact up the sword, when his Adversary increases the Force against him. This he overcomes by appropriately increasing his own force, and because of his superior position, prevents the swords from rising up. As he continues to slide the point of contact, keeping his arm straight and extended, he directs his sword-tip towards his opponent’s neck, while putting his foot down at N, and beginning to bring his left foot forward. As the attack comes in this way, Zachary has no option but to increase the Force of his resistance to Very Strong, so that he turns the blades aside, forcing them over to the inside. Alexander feels this, but unlike previously when he disengaged his sword and allowed his opponent’s to freely fly across, he now keeps contact as they pass overhead until they have lowered enough, before he releases Zachary’s sword to spring and overshoot down and out of the way, while bringing his own in a circular path around and over his head to strike diagonally down across the back of his opponent’s head, using his extended arm, as his left foot lands on the Outside Square at W, and his right foot spins on his toes to point forward, as is shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation a pareillement le mesme commencement, que les precedentes, & la mesme poursuite. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> allant de la Deuxsieme Instance vers la Troisieme, & au mesme temps qu’il se met à faire lentement la graduation, le Contraire luy augement le poids. Lequel il dompte par la justesse du contrepois qu’il luy oppose, & par l’avantage de la superiorité, dont il engarde les lames de monter plus haut, & continue la graduation encommencée avec le bras roide & estendu, dirigeant sa pointe circulairement vers le col de son Contraire, en plantant à mesme temps le pied droit à la lettre N. & poursuivant d’avancer le gauche. Le coup estant porté en ceste sorte, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font>s n’a point d’autre rememde pour le parer, que d’augmenter le Sentiment jusqu’au Poids Tres-fort, dont il destourne & transporte les lames en dedans. Ce que sentant <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, qui a par cy devant destaché les espees, en donnant à la contraire course libre, presentement durant le transport, il les tient accoupleés jusqu’à tant qu’elles soyent assez descenduës, avant qu’il la laisse sauter & tresbucher à val de route, en menant la sienne circulairement de bas en haut par dessus sa teste, & en donnant par la continuation du mesme mouvement à la teste du Contraire par derriere un coup de revers diagonal avec le bras estendu, le pied gauche tombant sur le Quarré Circonscrit au poinćt W, & le droit se tournant proportionnellement à l’advenant; ainsi que representent les figures. |
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|In all the actions described in this Plate from Circle 11 on, Alexander has made his way from the Second Instance to the Third, intending to thrust his opponent in the face. Zachary has forseen this and parried, by raising and carrying Alexander’s sword across to the inside, intending to subjugate it, of which there is no doubt that this is the most convenient defense. In any case, he can also defend himself in another manner, that is, by increasing the force of his resistance and bringing the swords directly upwards, without any intent to carry them aside. Against this action, Alexander again attempts to dominate at first, by increasing his counter-force, intending to pursue his thrust. But if his adversary continues to increase the force of his resistance ever more to counter the hit coming at his face, raising the swords by means of Strong, Stronger, or Very-Strong levels of Force, this becomes no longer possible to dominate, nor to keep his opponent’s sword under control. Alexander allows it to escape upwards, to fly uncontrolled overhead, to an obtuse angle, while bringing his own point underneath, moving his body forward, so that he is inside the angle beneath his opponent’s sword, either with a step with the left foot or the right, as opportunity presents, and at the same time he turns the interior branch of his crossguard upwards, secures his hand against his right side and drives the sword through the right side of his opponent’s torso, with as much force and power as he can with his body. But this shall not be shown in any Plate, even one of similar actions as this. | |In all the actions described in this Plate from Circle 11 on, Alexander has made his way from the Second Instance to the Third, intending to thrust his opponent in the face. Zachary has forseen this and parried, by raising and carrying Alexander’s sword across to the inside, intending to subjugate it, of which there is no doubt that this is the most convenient defense. In any case, he can also defend himself in another manner, that is, by increasing the force of his resistance and bringing the swords directly upwards, without any intent to carry them aside. Against this action, Alexander again attempts to dominate at first, by increasing his counter-force, intending to pursue his thrust. But if his adversary continues to increase the force of his resistance ever more to counter the hit coming at his face, raising the swords by means of Strong, Stronger, or Very-Strong levels of Force, this becomes no longer possible to dominate, nor to keep his opponent’s sword under control. Alexander allows it to escape upwards, to fly uncontrolled overhead, to an obtuse angle, while bringing his own point underneath, moving his body forward, so that he is inside the angle beneath his opponent’s sword, either with a step with the left foot or the right, as opportunity presents, and at the same time he turns the interior branch of his crossguard upwards, secures his hand against his right side and drives the sword through the right side of his opponent’s torso, with as much force and power as he can with his body. But this shall not be shown in any Plate, even one of similar actions as this. | ||
− | |En toutes les operations de ce Tableau depuis le Cercle 11. en avant, ou <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |En toutes les operations de ce Tableau depuis le Cercle 11. en avant, ou <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> c’est acheminé de la Seconde Instance vers la Troisieme pour y donner à son Contraire l’atteinte au visage: le coup à tousiours esté prevenu & paré de <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font>, en haussant & transportant l’espee contraire en dedans, comme avec intention de l’assujettir, qui est sans doubte le plus convenable à sa defense. Toutesfois il se pourra aussi defendre en autre sorte, assavoir en augmentant le poids & menant les espees droitement en haut, sans intention de les transporter. Laquelle aćtion il convient derechef qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre dompte en son premier commencement par la moderation du contrepoids, afin de poursuivre sa pointe. Que si l’adversaire continue alors d’augmenter son poids encor d’avantage pour parer le coup qui luy est dressé vers le visage, en haussant les espees avec Sentiment fort, Plus-fort, ou Tres-fort, lequel il ne seroit desormais plus possible de dompter, ne de tenir l’espee contraire en devoir: il la laissera eschapper en haut au dessus de sa teste en angle obtus, en menant la pointe de la sienne dessous, avec avancement du corps, qu’il logera durant ce mesme mouvement au dedans de l’angle dessous l’espee Contraire, soit avec la demarche du pied droit, ou du pied gauche, à mesure que l’occasion le permet; & qu’à mesme temps il s’affermisse le bras, & la garde au costé droit du corps, avec la branche interieure tourner en haut; poussant l’espee au costé droit a travers la poićtrine de son contraire, donnant au dessous du bras avec pleine force & avancement du corps, ce qui sera representé cy apres an aucuns Tableaux de semblables operations. |
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|It may come to be that Zachary parries the thrust aimed at his face by simply raising the swords, but with less Force than we have specified, and that he contents himself to apply only a Lively, Livelier, or Very-Lively degree of Force, as in the examples shown by the 7th, 8th, and 9th Circles, where it happens that his blade will not fly up high enough. In this case, one must again slide along the blade and re-establish control, as shown in Circle No 10 against the same force. | |It may come to be that Zachary parries the thrust aimed at his face by simply raising the swords, but with less Force than we have specified, and that he contents himself to apply only a Lively, Livelier, or Very-Lively degree of Force, as in the examples shown by the 7th, 8th, and 9th Circles, where it happens that his blade will not fly up high enough. In this case, one must again slide along the blade and re-establish control, as shown in Circle No 10 against the same force. | ||
− | |Que s’il advenoit que Zacharie pare | + | |Que s’il advenoit que Zacharie pare l’estocade qui luy est dressé devers le visage en haussant simplement les espees, avec moins de Poids que nous ne venōs de sepcifier, & qu’il se contentast d’y appliquer le Gaillard, Plus-gaillard, ou Tres-Gaillard, à l’exemple des Cercles 7. 8. & 9. dont il advendroit que sa lame ne s’en fuyeroit pas assez vistement; alors il la faudroit derechef desgraduer & remettre en subjećtion; comme il a esté fait & representé au Cercle 10. sur les mesmes Poids. |
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− | |Toutes ces exemples | + | |- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;" |
+ | | All of these examples serve to demonstrate the great importance of the sense of Feel, which is so frequently held in such little esteem by Masters of this profession. But seeing how the truth is so self-evident, they are, despite their wishes, constrained to know something about how forces act on the blade. But as soon as one attacks their blade, they feel hindered, and try by all means to deliver themselves from these straits, either by withdrawing, or by circular disengagements, or by feints, or grosser actions which are slow and take up time that they might have used to better advantage. If only they were not so enamoured of nurturing their ignorance, rather than learning to do better. At the least, as they feel hindered by the coupling of swords, they ought to consider that if they are themselves inconvenienced, that their adversary is no more free of this hindrance than they, and while some hindrances are greater than others, all these can be made more effective by following the same basic principles. And each of these hindrances can be remedied with it’s own counter move. These Masters ought to be advised they can lessen their own sense of hindrance, and increase that of their adversaries, merely by means of the sense and feel of the blade in their hand, without immediately losing their courage to desperation, for which there is no remedy except to escape as quickly as possible. This is completely the reverse of how to respond. Because experience not only demonstrates to us the importance of a sense of feeling for assessing and knowing things, but, moreso, it is a common language we can all learn, that there is nothing more sure and certain than the touch of the hand. We see that the blind know with only their sense of touch the different values of coins, and how to find their way along the streets to their intended destination. And following their example, when we find ourselves in the obscurity of darkness, we do the same. And because, in the Exercise of Arms, it is necessary to be able to discern the power or weakness of your opponent as he moves. How else do they think one could possibly understand, if not by a sense of feel through the crossing of swords and the heaviness or lightness of that touch, which is the real goal and purpose of the use of this sense. As such, it is necessary to ignore these men or to listen to them while keeping this fact in mind. By what other means would they have us know when our opponent begins to act against us, so that we can counter him, if not by the sense of feel that comes from crossing swords, where we can detect when he is about to begin because the force of his blade against our own becomes lighter? The sense of feel tells us in half the time it takes for us to see what is happening. Finally, how else would they have it, that we can work with confidence against someone, if we do not have a sense of feel by which we can know with how much force, and on which side, our opponent is attacking? Considering these points, it is easy to see that those who hold as detrimental such a useful ability are holding to false doctrines. For as soon as we have crossed swords, we can approach our opponent with confidence, because we are certain to know in good time, all the designs he would undertake against. Designs which he cannot even begin to execute, but we are already prepared against him. This is such a notable advantage, one which has been in use in the Exercise of Arms for so long, yet without these masters having been able to see it. This is a skill so obvious, so important, and so necessary, that those who have not completely learned it have no better ability than one who has never touched a weapon in his life. And through ignorance of this, they hold the belief that approaching an opponent is so dangerous that they must make use of main-gauche, or two swords, as if the sword was not entirely sufficient in and of itself for both the defence of the of the holder and causing harm to an opponent. | ||
+ | | Toutes ces exemples demonstrent clairement le tres-grand usage du Sentiment, qui est toutesfois en si petite estime envers les Maistres de ceste Profession. Mais veu que la verité en est si evidente, ils sont contraints malgré qu’ils en ayent, d’en recognoistre le forces. Car tout aussi tost qu’on les attaque la lame, ils s’en sentent incommodez, & taschent à la delivrer par touts moyens, soit en reculant, soit an cavant soit en usant de feintes, ou mesmes de plus lourdes aćtions durant lesquelles il est necessaire qu’ils perdent tousiours autant de temps, duquel ils se pourroyent prevaloir à leur advantage, s’ils n’aimoyent pas de caresser plustost leur ignorance, que d’apprendre à mieux faire. A tout le moins, puis qu’ils se sentent incommodez par l’accouplement des lames, ils devroyent penser s’ils en reçoivent quelque incommodité de leur part, qu’aussi l’adversaire en est pas libre, & puis que les incommoditez sont plus grandes les unes que les autres, aussi qu’elles peuvent estre augmentées en poursuivant les mesmes commencements, & que elles peuvent estre remediés par leurs contraires. Ils devroyent adviser à diminuer leurs propres incommodites, & à augmenter celle de leurs adversaires par la moderation du Sentiment mesme, sans perdre incontinent courage comme en une chose desesperée, à laquelle il n’y a point de remede sinon d’en eschapper à touts marchez. Ce qui est tout au contraire. car l’experience non seulement nous demonstre, que l’attouchement est de tres-grand importance pour le jugement & la cognoissance des choses, mais qui plus est le commun langage nous apprend, qu’il ne peut y avoir asseurance plus certaine que celle qu’on touche à la main. Nous voyons que les aveugles congnoissent au seul sentiment les differences de la monnoye, qu’à l’aide d’iceluy ils trouvent les chemins pour arriver par tout où ils pretendent; & à l’exemple desquels quand nous nous trouvons en obscurité, nous faisons de mesme: & puis qu’en cest Exercice des Armes il est question de discerner le fort & le foible des mouvements du Contraire, par quel moyen veulent ils donc qu’on les puisse comprendre, sinon par le sentiment & par l’attouchement des espees, & puis que le fort & le foible, sont le propre objećt du sentiment: en sorte que’il est necessaire de les ignorer ou de les entendre par ceste voye seule. Par quel moyen veulent ils qu’on comprenne les commencements des mesmes mouvements du Contraire, pour travailler à temps alencontre, sinon par l’attouchement, auquel les commencements se descouvrent par leur foiblesse, tousiours un demy temps plustost qu’ils ne se peuvent appercevoir à la veuë. Et finalement comment veulent ils, qu’on travaille avec asseurance alencontre, si on n’a pas l’attouchement par lequel on cognoisse avec quelle force, & de quel costé l’adversaire travaille. Par lesquelles considerations, il se voit que cest à fausses enseignes, qu’ils tiennent pour dommageable ce qui est en effećt si Vtile. Car dés que nous avons l’attouchement des lames, nous pouvons faire nos approches dessus l’adversaire avec asseurance, puis que nous sommes certains de sçavoir tousiours à temps les desseings qu’ils voudra faire, lesquels il ne pourra tant seulement commencer que nous ne soyons desia preparez alencontre. Advantage si notable, & si digne, que c’est chose admirable, comment l’Exercice des Armes a esté si longuement en vogue, sans que les Maistres s’en soyent apperceus, estant chose si claire, si ample, & si necessaire, qu’au defaut de l’avoir pratiquée, ils se voyent à touts moments, comme reduits à l’esgal de ceux qui jamais n’ont manié les armes. Et pour l’ignorance de laquelle, ils tiennent les approches si dangereuses, qu’ils en sont contraints de se servir inutilement de la main gauche, ou d’Armes doubles, comme si l’espee nestoit aussi bien suffisante à defendre la personne qui en use, comme elle est capable à offencer le Contraire. | ||
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{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
− | | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate X - More on | + | | title = Book 1 - Tableau / Plate X - More on Parries and Resistance by Degrees of Force. |
| width = 60em | | width = 60em | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" |
! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 10.jpg|600px]] |
+ | |||
+ | N.B., The coat of arms at the top belongs to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Lüneburg Christian (the Elder)] (1566 - 1633), Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg. | ||
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|If it was not terribly apparent in the previous Plate just how vitally important a sense of feel is, it will be come quickly apparent in those which follow, and there are an ample number of examples. This is because it extends to all occurences when one has occasion to cross blades, as much from afar as in close, as much for the attacker as for the defendant, whether your Opponent is passive, or active, whether he is approaching or retreating, or whether he is performing the strangest moves that he knows. As such, we shall set ourselves, henceforth, to research the infinity of good and subtle inventions that Man has devised and put into practice for his defence. Just as Necessity is Mistress of the Arts, even to the point of having parrots and magpies learn to mimic human speech so far from their own nature, one must not doubt that those who are blessed with far more refined abilties, as are men, would thus have developed infinitely superior methods of self-defense. Observe that all animals have an innate desire for self-preservation, and that these employ, in times of need, all their strengths, both spiritual and physical, in their own defense. But, as we shall not dive too deeply into this labyrinth, we shall begin with situations not very much different from the preceeding actions, that is, those which follow from the subjugation of the blade at the Second Instance, just at the Oblique Diameter. Circle No 1 demonstrates the entry into distance, and the form which follows. | |If it was not terribly apparent in the previous Plate just how vitally important a sense of feel is, it will be come quickly apparent in those which follow, and there are an ample number of examples. This is because it extends to all occurences when one has occasion to cross blades, as much from afar as in close, as much for the attacker as for the defendant, whether your Opponent is passive, or active, whether he is approaching or retreating, or whether he is performing the strangest moves that he knows. As such, we shall set ourselves, henceforth, to research the infinity of good and subtle inventions that Man has devised and put into practice for his defence. Just as Necessity is Mistress of the Arts, even to the point of having parrots and magpies learn to mimic human speech so far from their own nature, one must not doubt that those who are blessed with far more refined abilties, as are men, would thus have developed infinitely superior methods of self-defense. Observe that all animals have an innate desire for self-preservation, and that these employ, in times of need, all their strengths, both spiritual and physical, in their own defense. But, as we shall not dive too deeply into this labyrinth, we shall begin with situations not very much different from the preceeding actions, that is, those which follow from the subjugation of the blade at the Second Instance, just at the Oblique Diameter. Circle No 1 demonstrates the entry into distance, and the form which follows. | ||
− | |S’il | + | |S’il est apparu par le Tableau Precedent, que le Sentiment est de terrible consequence; il apparoistra semblablement bien tost par ceux qui s’ensuivent, qu’il est aussi fort ample: à cause qu’il s’estend à toutes les occurrences, où l’on a moyen de venir à l’attouchement des lames, tant de loin que de pres, tant pour l’assaillant, que pour le defendant, soit que le Contraire se repose, ou qu’il travaille, qu’il s’approche, ou qu’il recule, ou mesme qu’il se prevaille des mouvements les plus estranges, qu’il sçauroit faire. En sorte que nous nous allons mettre d’oresenavant à la recerche d’une infinité de belles & subtiles inventions, que l’homme pourroit mettre en pratique pour sa defense. Car puis que Necessité est la principale Maistresse des Arts, mesmes jusques à monstrer aux Perroquets & aus Pies la prononciation du language humain tant esloigné de leur Nature; il ne faut pas douter, que ceux qui sont douëz de si rares qualitez, comme les hommes, n’ayent trouvé des pratiques infiniement excellentes pour se defendre; voyant que touts animaux ont un extreme desir de leur propre conservation, & qu’à icelle en temps de Necessité ils employent toutes leurs forces, tant corporelles, que spirituelles. Mais pour ne nous foncer du commencement trop avant dedans ce labyrinthe, nous commencerons par les occasions, qui ne s’esloignent guere des operations precedentes; assavoir par ce qui procede en suite de l’assujettissement des lames à la Seconde Instance en deça le Diametre: dont le Cercle N.1. en demonstre l’entree, en la forme suivante. |
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|''Alexander holds his opponent’s blade subjugated at the Second Instance, on the Diamter at the letter G.'' | |''Alexander holds his opponent’s blade subjugated at the Second Instance, on the Diamter at the letter G.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre tient | + | |''Alexandre tient l’espee Contraire assujettie à la Seconde Instance en deça le Diametre à la lettre G.'' |
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|The two opponents were previously at the First Instance, swords held parallel in the direct line posture, with Alexander’s sword beneath the other. He then began to work, raising his sword-tip, and setting his blade at the 3rd Span against the 8th Span of his opponent, at the same time raising his right foot up off the ground. He then moves the swords along the side of the Inside Square to the Oblique Diameter halfway to the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact of the blades back so that his 8th Span comes to contact the 4th or 5th Span of his opponent and then subjgates his opponent’s blade as he sets his right foot down at the point G, at the Second Instance, drawing his left foot along using a circular path, to set it down at the Outside Square, with the toes along the Oblique Diameter, as is amply described and explained in Table VII, Circle No 1, and as is shown here in this figure. | |The two opponents were previously at the First Instance, swords held parallel in the direct line posture, with Alexander’s sword beneath the other. He then began to work, raising his sword-tip, and setting his blade at the 3rd Span against the 8th Span of his opponent, at the same time raising his right foot up off the ground. He then moves the swords along the side of the Inside Square to the Oblique Diameter halfway to the Second Instance, while sliding the point of contact of the blades back so that his 8th Span comes to contact the 4th or 5th Span of his opponent and then subjgates his opponent’s blade as he sets his right foot down at the point G, at the Second Instance, drawing his left foot along using a circular path, to set it down at the Outside Square, with the toes along the Oblique Diameter, as is amply described and explained in Table VII, Circle No 1, and as is shown here in this figure. | ||
− | |Les deux Contraires ayants preallablement | + | |Les deux Contraires ayants preallablement esté à la Premiere Instance avec les espees paralleles en droite ligne, l’une au dessus de l’autre, assavoir celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> dessous; il a commencé à travailler, en haussant sa pointe, & assemblant sa lame à Nombre 3. contre le Nombre 8. de sa partie adverse, eslevant au mesme instant le pied droit de terre; & le menant quand & quand le long du Quarré inscrit au deça le Diametre jusquà my-chemin de la Seconde Instance, faisant cependant la desgraduation de l’espee contraire par la graduation de la sienne propre, en sorte que son Nombre 8. se vient assembler au 4. ou 5. des Nombres contraires, & consequemment il en fait l’assujettissement en ces mesmes Nombres, avec plantement du pied droit eslevé, le posant au poinćt G. à la Seconde Instance, & poursuivant circulairemēt avec le pied gauche, à planter sur le Quarré circonscrit, les orteils d’iceluy sur le Diametre oblique; ainsi qu’il est plus amplement specifié au Tabl. VII. Cercle N.1. & qu’il se voit icy representé en la figure. |
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|''He steps from the Second Instance to the Third, and puts the tip of his blade in front of his opponent’s face.'' | |''He steps from the Second Instance to the Third, and puts the tip of his blade in front of his opponent’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Il marche de la Seconde | + | |''Il marche de la Seconde Instance à la Troisieme, & y presente la poinćte de sa lame au visage de son Contraire.'' |
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|As Zachary is waiting for the follow-on to the previous action, Alexander advances with the right foot following the side of the Inside Square and sliding the point of contact up his sword, by the smallest number of Spans. Then Zachary immediately begins to increase his force, to defend himself. But, by sliding the point of contact up his sword Alexander has already acquired a very powerful dominance over his opponent’s sword, and continues his thrust, stepping in with the right foot to the letter N at the Third Instance, and following with his left foot to the letter K and placing his sword-tip exactly in front of his opponent’s face, as shown by the figures. | |As Zachary is waiting for the follow-on to the previous action, Alexander advances with the right foot following the side of the Inside Square and sliding the point of contact up his sword, by the smallest number of Spans. Then Zachary immediately begins to increase his force, to defend himself. But, by sliding the point of contact up his sword Alexander has already acquired a very powerful dominance over his opponent’s sword, and continues his thrust, stepping in with the right foot to the letter N at the Third Instance, and following with his left foot to the letter K and placing his sword-tip exactly in front of his opponent’s face, as shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> attend la | + | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> attend la poursuite de la precedente operation; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’avance avec le pied droit suivant la trace du Quarré inscrit, & graduant sa lame par les moindres Nombres de la lame contraire. Dont Zacharie commence incontinent à en augmenter le poids, pour se defendre. Mais comme ainsi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ait acquis une tresgrande superiorité par la graduation de sa lame, il en dompte l’espee contraire, & poursuit son estocade, en entrant avec le pied droit à la Troisieme Instance au poinćt N. & poursuivant avec le pied gauche à planter à la lettre K, & à mettre ensemblement sa pointe en courtoisie devant le visage de l’Adversaire; comme les figures demonstrent. |
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|Alexander, wishing to complete the attack and finish the preceeding action, enters swiftly into his opponent, with his right foot moving along the line of Inside Square and driving his point firmly, so that the two guards collide forcefully, as he sets his foot down at S, and put his weight on his bent knee, leaning forward as he sends his sword through his opponent’s head. As shown in the figures. | |Alexander, wishing to complete the attack and finish the preceeding action, enters swiftly into his opponent, with his right foot moving along the line of Inside Square and driving his point firmly, so that the two guards collide forcefully, as he sets his foot down at S, and put his weight on his bent knee, leaning forward as he sends his sword through his opponent’s head. As shown in the figures. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> voulant achever l’atteinte & l’execution de l’operation precedente, il entre | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> voulant achever l’atteinte & l’execution de l’operation precedente, il entre vistement avec le pied droit dessus son Adversaire par le trac du Quarré inscrit, en graduant les lames, & assenant sa pointe en rigueur, de sorte que les deux gardes s’entredonnent avec force, en plantant le pied eslevé au poinćt S, & menant sur le genouil d’iceluy plié la charge du son corps à pancher sur le devant, en poussant sa lame à travers la teste de son Contraire; selon les figures. |
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|''Again, he tries to perform the action from Circle No 2, while he steps towards the Third Instance. His adversary parries his strike, carrying the swords across to the inside with a Very-Strong force. So Alexander wounds him with a reverse strike to the back of his head.'' | |''Again, he tries to perform the action from Circle No 2, while he steps towards the Third Instance. His adversary parries his strike, carrying the swords across to the inside with a Very-Strong force. So Alexander wounds him with a reverse strike to the back of his head.'' | ||
− | |''Travaillant derechef pour effectuer l’operation du Cercle N.2. cependant qu’il marche devers la | + | |''Travaillant derechef pour effectuer l’operation du Cercle N.2. cependant qu’il marche devers la Troisieme Instance; l’Adversaire luy pare le coup, en transportant les espees en dedans avec poids Tres-fort: dont Alexandre le blesse d’un coup de revers au derriere de la teste.'' |
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|This actions follows from that shown in Circle No 1, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance, again intending to perform action of Circle No 2. Thus, stepping with his right foot towards the Third Instance, he slides his blade with his arm straight and extended against the 5th Span of his opponent’s blade, which Span he previously held it at bay. And however much Zachary tries to parry the blow by increasing his force, nonetheless, Alexander has such superiority, that he dominates him, in such a way that the blades cannot rise up, while turning his sword-tip, with a circular motion, downwards towards the right side of his opponent’s neck, while he is moving his raised right foot towards the Third Instance at letter N, and then brings his left foot along in a circular path. By this, Zachary must employ a Very Strong degree of force to raise the blades and carry them to the inside. Which does not prevent Alexander, during this movement, from keeping the blades coupled together, and so restrain his opponent’s blade with his own beneath the other, until they have lowered enough. At that instant he disengages and allows it to fly out of control, while bringing his own out from under the other, up above his head, and ,as he sets his left foot down at W on the Outside Square, and leans his body forwards, putting his weight over his knee, he extends his arm and strikes diagonally downwards with reverse cut, to the back of his opponent’s head. This is shown in the figure. | |This actions follows from that shown in Circle No 1, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance, again intending to perform action of Circle No 2. Thus, stepping with his right foot towards the Third Instance, he slides his blade with his arm straight and extended against the 5th Span of his opponent’s blade, which Span he previously held it at bay. And however much Zachary tries to parry the blow by increasing his force, nonetheless, Alexander has such superiority, that he dominates him, in such a way that the blades cannot rise up, while turning his sword-tip, with a circular motion, downwards towards the right side of his opponent’s neck, while he is moving his raised right foot towards the Third Instance at letter N, and then brings his left foot along in a circular path. By this, Zachary must employ a Very Strong degree of force to raise the blades and carry them to the inside. Which does not prevent Alexander, during this movement, from keeping the blades coupled together, and so restrain his opponent’s blade with his own beneath the other, until they have lowered enough. At that instant he disengages and allows it to fly out of control, while bringing his own out from under the other, up above his head, and ,as he sets his left foot down at W on the Outside Square, and leans his body forwards, putting his weight over his knee, he extends his arm and strikes diagonally downwards with reverse cut, to the back of his opponent’s head. This is shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation procede de celle qui est representée au Cercle N.1. où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> à assujetti l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance, en intention de venir derechef à l’operation du Cercle N.2. Dont marchant avec le pied droit vers la Troisieme Instance, il va graduant sa lame avec le bras roide & estendu par le Nombre 5. de la lame contraire, sur lequel il la tenoit paravant assujettie. Et combien que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> tasche à parer le coup en augmentant le poids: Toutesfois <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> qui a autant de superiorité, le dompte, de sorte que les lames ne peuvent monter, tournant sa pointe un peu circulairement descēdante, devers le costé droit du col de l’Adversaire, durant que le pied droit à present eslevé se va planter à la Troisieme Instance au poinćt N. avec poursuite circulaire du pied gauche. Et par ainsi <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> est contraint de travailler avec un poids Tres-fort, pour hausser les lames & les transporter en dedans. Ce qui n’empesche pas <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> de tenir, durant ledit transport, les espees accouplées, en retenant la contraire avec la sienne par dessous, jusqu’à tant qu’elle soit veune assez basse; auquel instant il la laisse enfuir & tresbucher, en menant la sienne de dessous l’autre par dessus sa teste en haut, & en assenant diagonalement un coup de revers avec le bras estendu au derriere de la teste de son Contraire, plantant egalement le pied gauche eslevé sur le Quarré circōscrit au poinćt W, & sur le genouil d’iceluy menant la charge du corps, à pancher sur le devant; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|This reverse cut is shown being executed with full force, but when training with a friend, one stops the blow above the head of your opponent without touching him. As such, one cannot train with full speed. It also follows that the blow cannot be too difficult to parry, as we show here in the next Circle. | |This reverse cut is shown being executed with full force, but when training with a friend, one stops the blow above the head of your opponent without touching him. As such, one cannot train with full speed. It also follows that the blow cannot be too difficult to parry, as we show here in the next Circle. | ||
− | |Ce coup de revers | + | |Ce coup de revers est icy representé à executer en rigueur: mais quand on s’exercice en courtoisie, on en arreste la course un peu au dessus de la teste contraire sans la toucher; en sorte qu’on ne peut alors travailler avec tant de vistesse: dōt s’ensuit aussi, que le coup ne seroit pas si difficile à parer, là voicy au Cercle prochain ensuivant. |
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|''Zachary parries the preceeding reverse cut, by raising his arm and blade. At the same time, Alexander drops his point, and puts it in front of Zachary’s face.'' | |''Zachary parries the preceeding reverse cut, by raising his arm and blade. At the same time, Alexander drops his point, and puts it in front of Zachary’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie partant le precedent coup de revers, en | + | |''Zacharie partant le precedent coup de revers, en haussant le bras & l’espee; au mesme temps Alexandre descend sa poinćt, & la luy met devant le visage.'' |
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|Zachary, sees the reverse cut coming to the back of his head, as in the preceeding action. He takes a large step backwards with his left foot, quickly raising his sword to the right above his head to parry the threatening strike. Meanwhile, Alexander turns his left side inwards, his right side outwards, and draws his right arm back, so this way he brings his sword-tip in a half-circle down, around, and underneath his opponent’s blade, then aims his tip exactly at his opponent’s face, arm bent and turning his feet slightly inwards, again keeping his body leaning forward. This is shown by the figure. | |Zachary, sees the reverse cut coming to the back of his head, as in the preceeding action. He takes a large step backwards with his left foot, quickly raising his sword to the right above his head to parry the threatening strike. Meanwhile, Alexander turns his left side inwards, his right side outwards, and draws his right arm back, so this way he brings his sword-tip in a half-circle down, around, and underneath his opponent’s blade, then aims his tip exactly at his opponent’s face, arm bent and turning his feet slightly inwards, again keeping his body leaning forward. This is shown by the figure. | ||
− | |Zacharie donc voyant derechef venir le | + | |Zacharie donc voyant derechef venir le mesme coup de revers devers sa teste, ainsi qu’en l’operation precedente; il fait un grand pas en arriere avec le pied gauche, haussant tresvistement le bras avec l’espee par dessus le costé droit de sa teste, pour la parer devāt le coup qui le menace. Cependant Alexandre se tourne le costé gauche en dedans, & le droit en dehors, retirant le bras en arriere, & par ceste voye menant sa pointe à demy circulairement de haut en bas dessous la lame contraire; & a luy dressant en courtoisie devant le visage avec le bras courbe, & avec une petite entrade des deux pieds, comme aussi avec le corps panché un peu en devant; ainsi que la figure le represente. |
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|''Zachary parries the last thrust, aimed at his face, by quickly dropping his arm and sword. At the same time, Alexander takes a step in forwards with both feet, throwing his sword-arm behind, bringing the sword from beneath to above his opponent’s blade.'' | |''Zachary parries the last thrust, aimed at his face, by quickly dropping his arm and sword. At the same time, Alexander takes a step in forwards with both feet, throwing his sword-arm behind, bringing the sword from beneath to above his opponent’s blade.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie parant la derniere | + | |''Zacharie parant la derniere estocade, qui luy estoit dressé au visage, en descendant vistement le bras avec l’espee; Alexandre entre au mesme temps avec les deux pieds un pas en avant, jettant le bras avec l’espee en arriere, de dessous l’espee contraire au dessus.'' |
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|Zachary realizes the danger from the thrust, which had been held back, without touching his face, very quickly drops his sword down against his opponent’s blade to turn it aside. To avoid this, Alexander extends his arm, and turns his wrist, and moves his sword-tip backwards, under his opponent’s blade without touching it, while stepping forward with the left foot along the Circle, so that his toes come to be on the extreme end of the Quadrangle, his body leaning forward on his bent left knee. He then draws his right foot along, with his heel raised, on the Outside Square between the letter P and T and brings his sword from beneath to above the other, as is shown in the picture. | |Zachary realizes the danger from the thrust, which had been held back, without touching his face, very quickly drops his sword down against his opponent’s blade to turn it aside. To avoid this, Alexander extends his arm, and turns his wrist, and moves his sword-tip backwards, under his opponent’s blade without touching it, while stepping forward with the left foot along the Circle, so that his toes come to be on the extreme end of the Quadrangle, his body leaning forward on his bent left knee. He then draws his right foot along, with his heel raised, on the Outside Square between the letter P and T and brings his sword from beneath to above the other, as is shown in the picture. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> recognoissant le danger de l’estocade precedente, (quoy qu’elle ait esté retenuë, sans luy toucher le visage) il abaisse fort vistement le bras avec l’espee de haut en bas devers l’espee contraire pour la destourner. Et pour ce prevenir <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> jette au mesme temps, en estendant le bras & tournant le poignet, la pointe de sa lame à l’envers, au dessous de la lame contraire sans la toucher, faisant ensemblement avec le pied gauche un pas en avant, en deça le Cercle, en sorte que les orteils en viennent à respondre à l’endroit de l’extreme bout du Quadrangle, & le corps se panche dessus le genouil gauche en avant, trainant consequemment le pied droit apres avec le talon levé, sur le Quarré circonscrit entre les lettres P, & T, & ensemblement menant sa lame de dessous au dessus de l’autre; comme il est montré en sa figure. |
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|''Alexander raises his right foot so as to lean over his left, while making a cut to the right side of his opponent’s head.'' | |''Alexander raises his right foot so as to lean over his left, while making a cut to the right side of his opponent’s head.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre en levant le pied droit | + | |''Alexandre en levant le pied droit se va pācher sur le gauche, en donnāt un coup d’estramaçon à son Contraire au costé droit de la teste.'' |
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|This action is nothing more than a continuation of the previous, followed on without interruption, raising the right foot in the air, leaning the body over the left leg, left arm dropping, and hitting his opponent with a cut across the right side of the head, as is shown in the figure. | |This action is nothing more than a continuation of the previous, followed on without interruption, raising the right foot in the air, leaning the body over the left leg, left arm dropping, and hitting his opponent with a cut across the right side of the head, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation n’est autre chose, qu’une continuation de la precedente, à poursuivre sans nulle interruption, en levant le pied droit en l’air, & panchant le corps en devant sur la jambe gauche, avec le bras egalement descendant, & donnant à son Contraire un coup d’estramaçon au costé droit de la teste; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|Next, with his right foot, he takes a good step outside the circle beside his opponent, as we have shown in the figure. After this, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and puts his sword in front of him, tip down towards the ground at an acute angle, with his arm straight. This is not shown here due to space. Nontheless, it must be performed as a means to arrive at the following action. | |Next, with his right foot, he takes a good step outside the circle beside his opponent, as we have shown in the figure. After this, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and puts his sword in front of him, tip down towards the ground at an acute angle, with his arm straight. This is not shown here due to space. Nontheless, it must be performed as a means to arrive at the following action. | ||
− | |Apres il marche encores plus outre avec le pied droit | + | |Apres il marche encores plus outre avec le pied droit eslevé un bon pas en avant à costé du corps de sa Partie, cōme nous l’avons representé icy en la figure: En suite de quoy il se panche le corps en devant sur le genouil droit, mettant egalement l’espee devant luy, la pointe descendante jusqu’à bien pres de la terre en angle aigu, avec le bras roide. Aćtion qui n’a pas esté icy representée à faute de place; toutesfois il faut qu’elle y soit pratiquée pour venir à l’operation suivante. |
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|Alexander was leaning forward, his sword pointed at the ground at an acute angle, he immediately turns the tip upwards, in front of the right side of his head, by turning his wrist, and pinning it to his hip. At the same time, he twists his left side towards his opponent. He raises his left foot and pivots around on his right foot, moving so his arm and sword are in front, his hand pressed against his side and the point of his sword aimed upwards. He bringss his left hand over and around the guard. At the same time that he puts his left foot down towards his opponent, with his left knee bent, his weight on it, he executes the attack, using his body weight, against his opponent’s back. This is as demonstrated by the figures. | |Alexander was leaning forward, his sword pointed at the ground at an acute angle, he immediately turns the tip upwards, in front of the right side of his head, by turning his wrist, and pinning it to his hip. At the same time, he twists his left side towards his opponent. He raises his left foot and pivots around on his right foot, moving so his arm and sword are in front, his hand pressed against his side and the point of his sword aimed upwards. He bringss his left hand over and around the guard. At the same time that he puts his left foot down towards his opponent, with his left knee bent, his weight on it, he executes the attack, using his body weight, against his opponent’s back. This is as demonstrated by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Estant Alexandre ainsi panché sur le devant avec l’espee estendue & descendante en angle aigu, il en tourne tout à l’instant la poinćte en haut par devant le costé droit de sa teste, & ce à l’aide du poignet de la main, ensemblement se tournant & dressant le corps à gauche devers son Contraire; avec eslevation du pied gauche, & presentation du bras & de l’espee en avant, icelle affermissant à son costé droit avec la pointe dressé contre mont, & en empoignant de la main gauche la garde par dessous; & quand & quād posant le pied à terre devers sa Partie, avec le genou de devant plié & le corps reposé dessus, au mesme temps il donne l’atteinte & en fait l’execution, moyennant la charge du corps, par le dos de son Contraire; ainsi que les figures le demonstrent. |
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|''After Alexander subjugates the sword, as he does to begin the action of Circle No 2, Zachary draws his sword away to the outside, putting it above the line S-N. So Alexander, instead of following through with his thrust, simply changes his approach.'' | |''After Alexander subjugates the sword, as he does to begin the action of Circle No 2, Zachary draws his sword away to the outside, putting it above the line S-N. So Alexander, instead of following through with his thrust, simply changes his approach.'' | ||
− | |''Apres | + | |''Apres l’assujettissement de l’espee, comme Alexandre se vent mettre en devoir de commencer l’operation du Cercle N.2. Zacharie escarte sa lame en dehors, la mettant au dessus de la ligne SN. dont Alexandre, au lieu de poursuivre l’estocade, se content d’amender simplement son approche.'' |
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|The action in this present Circle evolves from the 1st Circle, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance. After this he has wounded his opponent with a thrust at the Third, as is represented in the 2nd Circle. Now, to prevent this thrust, at the instant his feet reach the Second Instance, Zachary opens his arm and sword outwards to the right side above the Inside Square, along the line S–N. By doing this he prevents his adversary from wounding him along the line of his blade while moving from the Second to the Third Instance. Nonetheless, Alexander, still wishing to pursue his thrust, seizes from this position a new advantage, moving his right foot along the Inside Square to mid-way to the Third Instance, and bringing his left foot up, parallel to his right, along the Outside Square, as is seen in the figure. | |The action in this present Circle evolves from the 1st Circle, where Alexander has subjugated his opponent’s sword at the Second Instance. After this he has wounded his opponent with a thrust at the Third, as is represented in the 2nd Circle. Now, to prevent this thrust, at the instant his feet reach the Second Instance, Zachary opens his arm and sword outwards to the right side above the Inside Square, along the line S–N. By doing this he prevents his adversary from wounding him along the line of his blade while moving from the Second to the Third Instance. Nonetheless, Alexander, still wishing to pursue his thrust, seizes from this position a new advantage, moving his right foot along the Inside Square to mid-way to the Third Instance, and bringing his left foot up, parallel to his right, along the Outside Square, as is seen in the figure. | ||
− | |L’operation de ce Cercle | + | |L’operation de ce Cercle present depend du Cercle N.1. où Alexandre a assujetti l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance; & en suite il a blessé soudit Contraire d’un coup d’estocade à la Troisieme; ainsi qu’il est representé sur le Cercle N.2. Maintenant donc pour prevenir ceste estocade, à l’instant qu’il arrive avec les pieds à ladite Seconde Instance, Zacharie s’escarte le bras & l’espee en dehors à la main droite dessus le Quarré inscrit, lignes SN. Et en ce faisant il prévient l’Adversaire de ne le pouvoir blesser au long de sa lame en allant de la Seconde Instance à la Troisieme; Alexandre voulant neantmoins poursuivre son estocade, prend là dessus un nouvel advantage, en allant avec le pied droit le long du Quarré inscrit jusqu’à my-voye de la Troisieme Instance, & poursuivre avec le gauche, à planter parallel à l’autre sur le Quarré circonscrit; ainsi qu’il se voit en la figure. |
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|''He pursues his thrust, taking a large step forward and a little outside the circle with his right foot, while, with his arm held straight, he slides the point of contact up the sword and aims the tip at his opponent’s neck. This attack is parried to the inside with a Very Strong degree of Force. He very quickly enters in against his opponent, jumping behind his back, with a reverse cut to the left side of his head.'' | |''He pursues his thrust, taking a large step forward and a little outside the circle with his right foot, while, with his arm held straight, he slides the point of contact up the sword and aims the tip at his opponent’s neck. This attack is parried to the inside with a Very Strong degree of Force. He very quickly enters in against his opponent, jumping behind his back, with a reverse cut to the left side of his head.'' | ||
− | |''Il | + | |''Il poursuit son estocade, en marchant avec le pied droit un grand pas en avant un peu en dehors le Cercle, ensemble graduant & dressant sa poinćte devers le col de sa Partie adverse avec le bras roide. Lequel coup luy estant paré en dedans avec poids Violent; il entre tres-vistement sur son Contraire, en luy sautant derriere le dos, avec un coup de revers au costé gauche de sa teste.'' |
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|This action follows on from the preceeding one, where Alexander has altered his position. Consequently, he has moved forward, while sliding the point of contact of his sword, stepping in with the right foot a good pace further on, a bit outside the Circle about the middle of the line O-Z, without lowering the swords at all, and, keeping his arm straight, moves the sword-tip around in a circle until it is aimed at the base of his adversary’s throat, who is then forced to use violent force to parry the blow, carrying the swords over to the inside. Alexander jumps in with a large step behind his opponent, turns his chest forward, while bringing his sword up passing above his head and then continuing to perform a reverse cut at the instant his left foot touches the ground and brings his right foot around to the outside. With his body leaning forward, he strikes hard to the left side of his opponent’s head, as shown. | |This action follows on from the preceeding one, where Alexander has altered his position. Consequently, he has moved forward, while sliding the point of contact of his sword, stepping in with the right foot a good pace further on, a bit outside the Circle about the middle of the line O-Z, without lowering the swords at all, and, keeping his arm straight, moves the sword-tip around in a circle until it is aimed at the base of his adversary’s throat, who is then forced to use violent force to parry the blow, carrying the swords over to the inside. Alexander jumps in with a large step behind his opponent, turns his chest forward, while bringing his sword up passing above his head and then continuing to perform a reverse cut at the instant his left foot touches the ground and brings his right foot around to the outside. With his body leaning forward, he strikes hard to the left side of his opponent’s head, as shown. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation est la poursuite de la precedente, où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> avoit amendé sa situation; & consequement il s’est avancé en graduant son espee, & entrant avec le pied droit un bon bas plus outre, un peu dehors le Cercle à l’endroit du mitan de la ligne OZ. abaissant aucunement les espees, & dressant d’un bras roide sa poinćte circulairement vers le bas du col de son Adversaire. Lequel estant contraint d’user de Violence pour parer cedit coup, en transportant les espees en dedans: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> entre un grand pas sur luy en sautant, & tournant la poitrine devant, & menant à mesme temps sa lame de bas en haut par dessus sa teste, & cōtinuant à en donner avec extension du bras un coup de revers, au mesme instant que le pied gauche se plante avec destournement du pied droit en dehors, pour venir derriere le Contraire, & executer sur luy tant plus rudement, avec le corps panché, le coup assené au costé gauche de sa teste; selon la figure. |
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|To stop his momentum after his leap, he leans backwards on his right foot, bending his knee, and draws his sword-arm behind himself, tip pointing down and forward, as presented in the image. | |To stop his momentum after his leap, he leans backwards on his right foot, bending his knee, and draws his sword-arm behind himself, tip pointing down and forward, as presented in the image. | ||
− | |Pour rompre la | + | |Pour rompre la course & le mouvemēt du saut, il se panche à l’envers sur le pied droit, pliant le genouil, & retirant le bras avec l’espee en arriere; la pointe un peu basse & avancée, tirant à main droite; ainsi qu’il est representé en la figure. |
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|Zachary stands motionless, stunned by the slash to the head he received. Alexander promptly raises his left foot, and steps towards his opponent, leans his body forward, and drives the sword through his back. | |Zachary stands motionless, stunned by the slash to the head he received. Alexander promptly raises his left foot, and steps towards his opponent, leans his body forward, and drives the sword through his back. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> demeurāt | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> demeurāt estonné par la vive atteinte qu’il a receuë, sans se mouvoir; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> leve incontinent le pied gauche, & en marche devers son Contraire, panchant le corps en avant, & luy poussant en rigueur l’espee à travers le dos. |
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|This is the follow-on from the 11th and 12th Circles. Here Zachary, perceiving that, after the leap and strike, his opponent is now behind him, turns about to the right and withdraws slightly by bringing his left foot around and putting his toes down by the Diameter, close to the letter R, turning his chest forward, raising his arm and sword up to defend himself. Because the sword, thus brought up, passes above Alexander’s head, Alexander moves forward a step with the right foot, and by leaning forward, drives his sword through Zachary’s chest. This is demonstrated by the figure. | |This is the follow-on from the 11th and 12th Circles. Here Zachary, perceiving that, after the leap and strike, his opponent is now behind him, turns about to the right and withdraws slightly by bringing his left foot around and putting his toes down by the Diameter, close to the letter R, turning his chest forward, raising his arm and sword up to defend himself. Because the sword, thus brought up, passes above Alexander’s head, Alexander moves forward a step with the right foot, and by leaning forward, drives his sword through Zachary’s chest. This is demonstrated by the figure. | ||
− | |Voicy la | + | |Voicy la suite des Cercles N. 11. & 12. Dont <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> recognoissant que son Contraire luy est venu derriere le dos avec le saut & l’execution du coup precedent; il se retire en voltant le pied gauche à droite, & le plantant avec les orteils pres le Diametre assez pres de la lettre R, se tournant ensemblement la poitrine devant, avec le bras & l’espee montante, pour se defendre. Et puis que l’espee, estant ainsi menée, passe au dessus de la teste d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, iceluy s’avance d’un pas avec le pied droit, & en panchant le corps, luy pousse la sienne à travers la poitrine; ainsi qu’il est demonstré par la figure. |
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|This last action again derives from the 11th and 12th Circles. For as soon as Alexander’s reverse cut hit him on the right side of his head, Zachary realized that Alexander was already behind his back, so he turns keeping his feet in place, so his body, with his arm and sword up, faces toward his opponent. At that same time Alexander steps in on him with his left foot and grabs the sword-guard from above with his left hand, then turns it outward, bringing his own guard in tight against his side, aiming the sword-tip at his opponent’s chest, exactly as shown in the image. | |This last action again derives from the 11th and 12th Circles. For as soon as Alexander’s reverse cut hit him on the right side of his head, Zachary realized that Alexander was already behind his back, so he turns keeping his feet in place, so his body, with his arm and sword up, faces toward his opponent. At that same time Alexander steps in on him with his left foot and grabs the sword-guard from above with his left hand, then turns it outward, bringing his own guard in tight against his side, aiming the sword-tip at his opponent’s chest, exactly as shown in the image. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste derniere operation depend encor semblablement des Cercles N.11. & 12. Car dés qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> luy a tiré le coup de revers au costé droit de la teste; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> recognoit qu’il est desia derriere son dos; dont il se tourne sur les deux pieds ainsi plantez, en presentant le corps avec le bras & l’espee devers son Contraire. Au mesme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> luy entre dessus avec le pied gauche, & luy empoigne par dessus la garde de l’espee, avec la main gauche, & la tourne en dehors, s’affermissant le bras avec sa garde au costé, en assenant la pointe à la poitrine de son Contraire; le tout en conformité de la figure. |
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− | + | | Those who my chance to contemplate the images without duly examining them, may feel they have some critique to make. They may not be easily persuaded that is practicable, when confronted with a live opponent, to use these means to get behind him, as shown. Also that this said opponent would take care not to permit this. But I would caution them, that they would but take some time to consider the opening Zachary created, the extremity of the position into which Zachary has been put, before they proudly present their case. The strike that Alexander makes can only be countered with an extremely powerful and violent parry. And such wild action cannot be conducted, nor controlled, as easily as one wishes, the opponent has benefitted from having already moved into close range, and while the swords were flying overhead, he has taken the opportunity and time to pass beyond and behind. Those who find this so very strange are those who have been trained in the traditional way, who are careful to only make a pass while they are still at long range, and upon seeing their opponent’s sword close in, withdraw out of range. What they do by chance, we perform with assurance. For we come from the sense of feel and the close range, and thereby force our opponent to counter our moves wildly, in such a way that opens to us the path for our position, from which he invariably receives a blow. | |
− | |Those who my chance to contemplate the images without duly examining them, may feel they have some critique to make. They may not be easily persuaded that is practicable, when confronted with a live opponent, to use these means to get behind him, as shown. Also that this said opponent would take care not to permit this. But I would caution them, that they would but take some time to consider the opening Zachary created, the extremity of the position into which Zachary has been put, before they proudly present their case. The strike that Alexander makes can only be countered with an extremely powerful and violent parry. And such wild action cannot be conducted, nor controlled, as easily as one wishes, the opponent has benefitted from having already moved into close range, and while the swords were flying overhead, he has taken the opportunity and time to pass beyond and behind. Those who find this so very strange are those who have been trained in the traditional way, who are careful to only make a pass while they are still at long range, and upon seeing their opponent’s sword close in, withdraw out of range. What they do by chance, we perform with assurance. For we come from the sense of feel and the close range, and thereby force our opponent to counter our moves wildly, in such a way that opens to us the path for our position, from which he invariably receives a blow. | + | | Ceux qui viendront par fortune à contempler les figures de ce Tableau, avant les avoir deuement examinées, y trouveront peut estre assez à redire. Car ils ne se pourront du commencement persuader, qu’il soit practicable à l’homme vivant, de gaigner ainsi le derriere à son Adversaire, comme elles demonstrent; & que ledit Adversaire devroit bien songer en d’autres affaires, avant que de le permettre. Mais je les adverti, qu’ils prennent premierement la patience de considerer l’occasion que Zacharie en a baillée, & l’extremité en laquelle il a esté reduit, avant que de la presenter si belle. C’est que le coup d’Alexandre a esté porté sur luy avec un si grand avantage, qu’il luy a esté impossible de le parer autrement, qu’avec violence. Et comme ainsi soit, que les aćtions violentes ne puissent estre conduites, ne gouvernées à souhait, le Contraire en a fait tellement son profit, qu’estant preallablement venu en mesure estroite, durant le mouvement violent, il a prins le temps de passer outre. Qu’ils ne trouvent celà si estrange, puis que ceux qui tirent à la mode ancienne, se hazardent bien de faire les passades, encores qu’ils soyent en mesure large, dé qu’ils voyent apparence que l’espee contraire sortira de presence: ce qu’ils font avec hazard, nous le monstrons avec seureté; car nous venons sur le sentiment en mesure estroite, & y estants, nous forçons le Contraire à se defendre avec violence, de sorte qu’il nous en ouvrira le chemin à nostre poste, ou il en recevra l’atteinte inevitable. |
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− | |Ceux qui viendront par fortune à contempler les figures de ce Tableau, avant les avoir deuement examinées, y trouveront peut | ||
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! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ! Translation by <br/> [[user:Bruce Hearns|Bruce G. Hearns]] | ||
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− | | | + | | colspan="2" |[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 11.jpg|600px]] |
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|When doctors visit patients to diagnose illnesses, nothing gives them more trouble than the distinguishing between two similar, but different, ailments, which is why only the most learned and best experienced are not mistaken. But just as they take the feel of the pulse, which symptom is held as more significant than any other, so we do likewise in our Training. When an action occurs that is so difficult that sight alone is insufficient to properly follow what is happening, we rely then on our sense of feel to inform us and help us discover the true intent, to find in what ways his options to attack are limited, and, having found this out, we can prevent him from carrying out his desired attack. This is what, hereafter, shall be shown in this and the following Plates. If, as I say, the fabric of exercises in the 10th Plate were coarse, if they were of large movements, very easy for Alexander to perceive, the 11th shall present more subtle ones. As such, up until this point, Alexander has always subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance. Let us say that there are two means by which Zachary can interrupt this approach, the one by standing firm, which we have shown in the examples in the preceeding Plates, and the other is by retiring backwards. Here, then, Zachary will practice his withdrawals, but in all cases without disengaging swords. For we have already touched upon the topics of circular disengagements and feints, and this shall be discussed further, at another point. Now, we shall see how he tries to change the range, and how Alexander reacquires his dominance anew. | |When doctors visit patients to diagnose illnesses, nothing gives them more trouble than the distinguishing between two similar, but different, ailments, which is why only the most learned and best experienced are not mistaken. But just as they take the feel of the pulse, which symptom is held as more significant than any other, so we do likewise in our Training. When an action occurs that is so difficult that sight alone is insufficient to properly follow what is happening, we rely then on our sense of feel to inform us and help us discover the true intent, to find in what ways his options to attack are limited, and, having found this out, we can prevent him from carrying out his desired attack. This is what, hereafter, shall be shown in this and the following Plates. If, as I say, the fabric of exercises in the 10th Plate were coarse, if they were of large movements, very easy for Alexander to perceive, the 11th shall present more subtle ones. As such, up until this point, Alexander has always subjugated his opponent’s blade at the Second Instance. Let us say that there are two means by which Zachary can interrupt this approach, the one by standing firm, which we have shown in the examples in the preceeding Plates, and the other is by retiring backwards. Here, then, Zachary will practice his withdrawals, but in all cases without disengaging swords. For we have already touched upon the topics of circular disengagements and feints, and this shall be discussed further, at another point. Now, we shall see how he tries to change the range, and how Alexander reacquires his dominance anew. | ||
− | |Quand les Medecins font leurs | + | |Quand les Medecins font leurs visites pour asseoir un bon jugement, il n’y a chose au Monde qui les trouble d’avantage, que la similitude de l’une maladie à l’autre, qui est cause que, les plus doćtes mesmes & les mieux experimentez y sont aucunefois trompez, en prenant l’une pour l’autre. Mais comme ils se tiennent en ceste occasion plustost au raport du poulx, qu’aux autres marques de moindre importance: ainsi en faisons nous pareillement en nostre Exercice; quand il s’y presente quelque aćtion si difficile, que le jugement de la veüe y manque, nous nous adressons au Sentiment, qui nous descouvre le principe, d’où le mouvement est contraint de tirer toute son addresse, & l’intention estant cognue, on la peut tousiours empescher de sortir l’effet qu’elle desire. C’est ce qui paroistra doresenavant de plus à la suite de nos Tables. Car si les occasions de la dixieme ont esté de grosse estoffe, je di, si ce ont esté de grands mouvements, & qui estoyent fort faciles à recognoistre pour Alexandre l’Onzieme vous en mettra devant les yeux des autres plus subtiles. Et comme ainsi soit, que jusques icy nostre Alexandre ait tousiours tasché d’assujettir l’espee contraire à la Seconde Instance; disons qu’il ya deux manieres principales pour luy rompre ceste approche, l’une en demeurant ferme, dont nous avons proposé les exemples aux Tableaux precedents, & l’autre en se retirant en arriere. Voicy donc Zacharie qui s’en va pratiquer les retirades, toutesfois sans destascher les espees: car touchant les cavations & notamment les feintes il en a esté parlé, & en sera discouru encore autrepart. Maintenant voyons comment il tasche à luy rompre la mesure, & comme Alexandre reprend tousiours nouvel avantage. |
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|''Alexander subjugates his opponent’s sword along the Diameter at the Second Instance. Zachary turns on his two feet, so his right side goes to the outside, and his sword arm and sword come to rest just above the side of Inside Square.'' | |''Alexander subjugates his opponent’s sword along the Diameter at the Second Instance. Zachary turns on his two feet, so his right side goes to the outside, and his sword arm and sword come to rest just above the side of Inside Square.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre assujettissant l’espee contraire au deçà le Diametre à la Seconde Instance; au mesme temps Zacharie se destourne sur les deux pieds le costé droit en dehors, en sorte que le bras avec l’espee luy viennent respondre justement dessus le costé du Quarré Inscrit.'' |
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|The two opponents begin standing on the Circle at the First Instance, in the direct line posture, swords parallel, Alexander’s below the other. He begins to work against his opponent, subjugating the sword at the Second Instance, right foot on the letter G, on the Oblique Diameter. But before he can set both feet safely on the ground, Zachary spins on his toes towards the Diameter, and with a slight withdrawal of his left foot, turns his right side to the outside, a little back, and allows his extended right arm to come to rest, by means of a small slide up the blade, above and along the the side X-N of the Inside Square, with an Alive degree of Force. | |The two opponents begin standing on the Circle at the First Instance, in the direct line posture, swords parallel, Alexander’s below the other. He begins to work against his opponent, subjugating the sword at the Second Instance, right foot on the letter G, on the Oblique Diameter. But before he can set both feet safely on the ground, Zachary spins on his toes towards the Diameter, and with a slight withdrawal of his left foot, turns his right side to the outside, a little back, and allows his extended right arm to come to rest, by means of a small slide up the blade, above and along the the side X-N of the Inside Square, with an Alive degree of Force. | ||
− | |Les deux Contraires | + | |Les deux Contraires s’estants plantez preallablement sur le Cercle à la Premiere Instance en droites lignes, suivant la forme requise; l’espee d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> parallele au dessous de l’autre; il commence à travailler en l’assujettissant à la Seconde Instance lettre G, par deça le Diametre; mais avant qu’il ait bonnement planté les pieds en terre, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> se tourne les orteils des deux pieds devers le Diametre, & cela avec une petite retirade du pied gauche, destournant par ainsi le costé droit en dehors un peu en arriere, & laissant aller (moyennant quelque petite desgraduation) le bras estendu avec l’espee en droite ligne, au dessus le costé du Quarré Inscrit, marqué X N, avec Sentiment Vif. |
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|All of this with the intention of awaiting Alexander to once again thrust from the letter N at the Third Instance along the side of the Inside Square. Because to do this he must attack with his tip, which means the weak of his blade will pass by the strong of Zachary’s, and so Zachary would have the means to close the line and hit him instead of being hit. | |All of this with the intention of awaiting Alexander to once again thrust from the letter N at the Third Instance along the side of the Inside Square. Because to do this he must attack with his tip, which means the weak of his blade will pass by the strong of Zachary’s, and so Zachary would have the means to close the line and hit him instead of being hit. | ||
− | |Le tout en intention d’attendre en | + | |Le tout en intention d’attendre en ceste forme, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre luy vienne porter derechef l’estocade au long du Quarré Inscrit à la Troisieme Instance lettre N: car puis qu’il seroit contrainćt de ce faire en passant avec la pointe, qui est le foible de l’espee par le fort de la sienme, il auroit moyen de luy fermer la ligne, & de donner atteinte au lieu d’en recevoir. |
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|''Alexander follows on his action, advancing his right foot together with the left side of his body into the angle, putting his raised foot down on the Perpendicular Diameter at point L.'' | |''Alexander follows on his action, advancing his right foot together with the left side of his body into the angle, putting his raised foot down on the Perpendicular Diameter at point L.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre | + | |''Alexandre poursuivant l’operation encommencée, s’avance le pied droit ensemble avec le costé gauche du corps au dedans de l’angle, mettant le pied eslevé à terre au deça le Diametre au poinćt L.'' |
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|After Zachary has almost achieved the preceeding action, and awaits his opponent to again come at him with a thrust from the Third Instance, which he reaches by stepping with his right foot along the side of the Inside Square, Alexander continues his attack, not as intended, but according to the situation, by advancing his right foot from where it was at the Second Instance, up to the letter L, along the Perpendicular Diameter, leaning forward slightly, and, notably, his left side, such that by this means he enters into the angle of his opponent’s sword, drawing his left foot behind, heel raised, up to the first section of the Exterior Collateral before the letter F, again subjugating his opponent’s sword, to then continue on with the actions shown in Circles No 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. which could nevertheless also proceed from Circle No 5, having but this sole difference of the one beginning with the right foot forward, and the other, the left. Meanwhile, be aware that here we see that Alexander has set his left foot down inside the Circle on the Interior Collateral between the letters G and I, which is done for clarity so we can see his guard. But in practice, it is best to follow the description, which is more correct. | |After Zachary has almost achieved the preceeding action, and awaits his opponent to again come at him with a thrust from the Third Instance, which he reaches by stepping with his right foot along the side of the Inside Square, Alexander continues his attack, not as intended, but according to the situation, by advancing his right foot from where it was at the Second Instance, up to the letter L, along the Perpendicular Diameter, leaning forward slightly, and, notably, his left side, such that by this means he enters into the angle of his opponent’s sword, drawing his left foot behind, heel raised, up to the first section of the Exterior Collateral before the letter F, again subjugating his opponent’s sword, to then continue on with the actions shown in Circles No 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. which could nevertheless also proceed from Circle No 5, having but this sole difference of the one beginning with the right foot forward, and the other, the left. Meanwhile, be aware that here we see that Alexander has set his left foot down inside the Circle on the Interior Collateral between the letters G and I, which is done for clarity so we can see his guard. But in practice, it is best to follow the description, which is more correct. | ||
− | |Apres que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> à parachevé la precedente aćtion, & qu’il attend que | + | |Apres que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> à parachevé la precedente aćtion, & qu’il attend que son Contraire luy vienne derechef tirer une estocade à la Troisieme Instance, en cheminant du pied droit par la trace du Quarré Inscrit: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit à travailler non pas selon ceste intention, mais selon l’exigence, en avançant le pied droit du lieu où il estoit planté à la Seconde Instance, jusqu’à la lettre L au deçà le Diametre; avec le corps panché un peu en avant, & notamment le costé gauche, en sorte qu’il entre par ce moyen dedans l’angle de l’espee contraire, trainant le pied gauche sur les orteils derriere jusqu’à la premiere sećtion de la Collaterale exterieure devant la lettre F. sujettant derechef l’espee contraire, pour en tirer la poursuite des operations & executions representées sur les Cercles N.8.9.11.12.13. qui peuvent ce neantmoins proceder aussi suite du Cercle N.5. n’y ayant que ceste seule difference de commencer en l’un avec le pied droit devant, & en l’autre avec le pied gauche. Cependant soyez adverti que le pied gauche d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> est icy planté en la figure au dedans du Cercle sur la Collaterale interieure entre les deux lettres G & I. ce qui a esté fait pour mettre sa garde en veüe. Mais en la Pratique il sera plus expedient d’ensuivre la description, d’autant qu’elle est plus propre. |
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|Now, whereas Alexander practices this manoeuvre of entering in with the foot in Circle No 2 after his opponent has finished moving, he must also practice it at the same time that his opponent is moving, and while he is yet unable to command the situation. Which he must do by having his foot ready to follow promptly. | |Now, whereas Alexander practices this manoeuvre of entering in with the foot in Circle No 2 after his opponent has finished moving, he must also practice it at the same time that his opponent is moving, and while he is yet unable to command the situation. Which he must do by having his foot ready to follow promptly. | ||
− | |Or comme | + | |Or comme ceste operation d’entrer avec le pied droit a esté pratiqué en ce Cercle 2. par <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, apres que le mouvement du Cōtraire a esté desia fini; aussi la faut il pratiquer durant le mesme temps avant qu’il soit venu à bout de son intention, & durant qu’il est encor empesché à former la situation: ce qu’il faut faire en ayant le pied prompt à le poursuivre. |
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|''At the same moment that Zachary is performing the aforsaid movement, Alexander very swiftly moves his right foot close to the Diameter, following it suddenly with his other foot, so that he very quickly spins it around (thus disengaging his sword) behind his right foot, such that it comes to rest across the diameter on the Circumference between W and X, and hitting his adversary with a straight-arm thrust to the head.'' | |''At the same moment that Zachary is performing the aforsaid movement, Alexander very swiftly moves his right foot close to the Diameter, following it suddenly with his other foot, so that he very quickly spins it around (thus disengaging his sword) behind his right foot, such that it comes to rest across the diameter on the Circumference between W and X, and hitting his adversary with a straight-arm thrust to the head.'' | ||
− | |''Durant le mouvement de l’aćtion de Zacharie dernierement dite; Alexandre s’avance au | + | |''Durant le mouvement de l’aćtion de Zacharie dernierement dite; Alexandre s’avance au mesme temps assez vistement le pied droit bien pres du Diametre, continuant à poursuivre tout soudainement avec l’autre, à volter de grand vistesse (& ce en destachant les espees) par derriere le pied droit, de sorte qu’il vient à tomber en terre par delà le Diametre sur la Circonference entre W & X, en donnant l’estocade à sa partie adverse avec le bras roide à travers la teste.'' |
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|Before Zachary has finished this last movement, which is to turn his arm with his sword above the side of the Inside Square, and his sword comes to rest, in such as way that it looses almost all it’s sense of feeling, Alexander steps forward and enters in, keeping his sword on top, moving his right foot from where it was at the Second Instance to just near the letter R, that is on the Diameter, then, lifting his sword up from the other, spins about on his right foot, swinging his left around until it comes to rest on the Circumference between W and X. He leans backwards above his bent right knee and straightens his arm to drive a thrust through his opponent’s head, as is shown. | |Before Zachary has finished this last movement, which is to turn his arm with his sword above the side of the Inside Square, and his sword comes to rest, in such as way that it looses almost all it’s sense of feeling, Alexander steps forward and enters in, keeping his sword on top, moving his right foot from where it was at the Second Instance to just near the letter R, that is on the Diameter, then, lifting his sword up from the other, spins about on his right foot, swinging his left around until it comes to rest on the Circumference between W and X. He leans backwards above his bent right knee and straightens his arm to drive a thrust through his opponent’s head, as is shown. | ||
− | |Avant que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ait achevé cedit dernier mouvement, qui | + | |Avant que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> ait achevé cedit dernier mouvement, qui est d’avoir tourné le bras avec l’espee au dessus le costé du Quarré Inscrit, & que son espee s’en affoiblit, en sorte qu’il en pert quasi tout le Sentiment; au mesme temps <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’avance & entre dessus luy, en portant le pied droit depuis la Seconde Instance, où il estoit planté, jusques bien pres du Diametre, lettre R, & ostant sa lame de dessus l’autre, poursuit tout d’un train à faire la volte à l’envers avec le pied gauche, qui tombe en terre entre W & X dessus la Circonference avec le corps panché à l’envers dessus le mesme genouil plié, en donnant le coup d’estocade avec le bras estendu à travers la teste de son contraire, comme il est representé en leurs figures. |
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|''This manoeuvre does not differ much from the preceeding, just that Zachary has merely turned his body and sword, without withdrawing his left foot backwards.'' | |''This manoeuvre does not differ much from the preceeding, just that Zachary has merely turned his body and sword, without withdrawing his left foot backwards.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''Ceste operation ne differe guerres de la precedente, sinon que Zacharie se contente icy de tourner le corps & l’espee tant seulement, sans retirer le pied gauche en arriere.'' |
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|Because Zachary has, in the 4th Circle, decided not to step backwards, but merely turned his feet towards the Diameter, it follows then that he has not withdrawn backwards, as it the previous Circle. Thereupon Alexander advances with his right foot a bit beyond the Center along the Oblique Diameter, yet continues to immediately spin about with his left foot. As soon as he finds himself inside the perpendicular line of his opponent’s sword, he leaves it there and, with an extension of his arm, delivers a thrust to the right side of his face. He turns his right foot, which is on the the Oblique Diameter, near the letter Q, to the outside, spinning his left foot around behind him, so that he sets his toes down beyond the Oblique Diameter a little bit before where the line V-W crosses the line S-X. He puts his wieght on his bent knee, and in this way he executes the final motion of the thrust through his adversary’s head, as it appears in the portrait of the figures. | |Because Zachary has, in the 4th Circle, decided not to step backwards, but merely turned his feet towards the Diameter, it follows then that he has not withdrawn backwards, as it the previous Circle. Thereupon Alexander advances with his right foot a bit beyond the Center along the Oblique Diameter, yet continues to immediately spin about with his left foot. As soon as he finds himself inside the perpendicular line of his opponent’s sword, he leaves it there and, with an extension of his arm, delivers a thrust to the right side of his face. He turns his right foot, which is on the the Oblique Diameter, near the letter Q, to the outside, spinning his left foot around behind him, so that he sets his toes down beyond the Oblique Diameter a little bit before where the line V-W crosses the line S-X. He puts his wieght on his bent knee, and in this way he executes the final motion of the thrust through his adversary’s head, as it appears in the portrait of the figures. | ||
− | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> | + | |Puis que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> se contente en ce Cercle 4. de tourner simplement les orteils de ses pieds en devant vers le Diametre, sans retirer le pied gauche, il s’ensuit donc qu’il ne se recule pas tant en arriere, comme au Cercle precedent: là dessus <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’avance avec le pied droit un peu outre le Centre sur le Diametre oblicq, en continuant tout de suite à volter avec le pied gauche; & d’autant qu’il se retrouve par cest advancement au dedans des perpendiculaires de l’espee contraire, il la quitte, & luy porte avec extension du bras un coup d’estocade au costé droit du visage, en tournant le pied qui est planté sur le Diametre oblicq en dehors bien pres de la lettre Q, & voltant le pied gauche à l’envers en sorte, qu’il vient à descendre avec les orteils par delà le Diametre un peu plus avāt que l’entrecoupure de la ligne S X, se chargeant le corps dessus avec le genouil plie, & en ceste maniere il acheve la finale execution de l’estocade à travers la teste de l’Adversaire; comme il appert au pourtrait des figures. |
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|Take note that, when the opponent turns his body and sword to the outside, above the side of the Inside Square, it is usual that his blade lose all sense of feeling, or at the least, that it naturally becomes very weak. That is when one must put these last to actions into practice, but taking great care to observe that, when there remains any small amount of force in his blade, to never disengage from it, but when you have previously set your right foot down on the ground, and that the left is being already drawn up to follow. But if your opponent has skill and finesse, and when he keeps the blades in contact with a vigourous ively, Strong, or Very Strong degree of force, such that will allow him to sense your intentions, then it is not at all advisable to disengage, because he would have the means to close the line against you. One must then apply the actions which are shown in the 2nd and 5th Circle, of which the latter explanation follows, below. | |Take note that, when the opponent turns his body and sword to the outside, above the side of the Inside Square, it is usual that his blade lose all sense of feeling, or at the least, that it naturally becomes very weak. That is when one must put these last to actions into practice, but taking great care to observe that, when there remains any small amount of force in his blade, to never disengage from it, but when you have previously set your right foot down on the ground, and that the left is being already drawn up to follow. But if your opponent has skill and finesse, and when he keeps the blades in contact with a vigourous ively, Strong, or Very Strong degree of force, such that will allow him to sense your intentions, then it is not at all advisable to disengage, because he would have the means to close the line against you. One must then apply the actions which are shown in the 2nd and 5th Circle, of which the latter explanation follows, below. | ||
− | |Notez, quand | + | |Notez, quand l’adversaire se destourne le corps avec l’espee en dehors, au dessus le costé du Quarré Inscrit, que c’est alors le plus ordinaire, que sa lame en perd le Sentiment, ou à tout le moins qu’elle s’en affoiblit fort, d’autant que la Nature mesme l’y convie. Et c’est alors qu’il faut mettre ces dcux dernieres operations en pratique, en observant fort serieusement quand il y reste quelque petit sentiment, de ne la quitter jamais, que vous n’ayez preallablement avancé & planté le pied droit en terre, & que le gauche soit desia en aćte d’en continuer la poursuite. Mais si le contraire y va par finesse, & qu’il laisse les lames accouplées en bonne Vigneur Vif, fort, ou plus fort, ce que le Sentiment vous fera cognoistre, alors il ne vous sera nullement loisible d’abandonner son l’espee, par ce qu’il auroit moyen de vous fermer la ligne, mais il y faudra appliquer les operations qui vous sont monstrées és Cercles 2. & 5. du dernier desquels suit l’explication. |
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|''Alexander, having missed his chance to work while his opponent was moving, or if he could easily be hit himself, maintains a reasonable sense of contact, he raises his left foot from where it was placed at the Second Instance, moves it smartly forward, and places it where the Diameter crosses the Inside Square, at the letter S, and, while casting his opponent’s sword aside, turns his left side forward and inside the perpendicular lines.'' | |''Alexander, having missed his chance to work while his opponent was moving, or if he could easily be hit himself, maintains a reasonable sense of contact, he raises his left foot from where it was placed at the Second Instance, moves it smartly forward, and places it where the Diameter crosses the Inside Square, at the letter S, and, while casting his opponent’s sword aside, turns his left side forward and inside the perpendicular lines.'' | ||
− | |''Alexandre s’ayant | + | |''Alexandre s’ayant laissé eschapper l’oportunité de travailler durant le mouvement de sa partie adverse, ou bien que l’attouchement luy raporte, qu’il retient un raisonnable sentiment, il esleve le pied gauche du lieu ou il estoit planté à la Seconde Instance, l’avance tout bellement, le plante finalement en deça le Diametre sur le quarré inscrit devant la lettre S, & se met le costé gauche du corps (en assujettissant l’espee contraire) un peu d’avantage au dedans les perpendiculaires'' |
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|After Zachary has completed this movement, we see that he has turned his body with his sword above the line of the Inside Square. His opponent has failed to make a move against him while he did so, or perhaps did not wish to because he felt himself constrained by a sufficient amount of force, or finally, because he wished to allow him to perform this move. Alexander then begins to work from where he was at the Second Instance, he raises and slowly moves his left foot forwards, before he sets his foot back on the ground by moving his left side forward, he pauses briefly, taking great care to note the force of his opponent’s sword, or if he intends to try something else. But as he feels nothing, he sets his foot down on the ground within the Inside Square, with his toes in front of the letter S. moving his left side forwards and into the angle between the two swords, his body extended, knees straight, and right foot following a bit behind beyond the letter G, as is shown in the figure. | |After Zachary has completed this movement, we see that he has turned his body with his sword above the line of the Inside Square. His opponent has failed to make a move against him while he did so, or perhaps did not wish to because he felt himself constrained by a sufficient amount of force, or finally, because he wished to allow him to perform this move. Alexander then begins to work from where he was at the Second Instance, he raises and slowly moves his left foot forwards, before he sets his foot back on the ground by moving his left side forward, he pauses briefly, taking great care to note the force of his opponent’s sword, or if he intends to try something else. But as he feels nothing, he sets his foot down on the ground within the Inside Square, with his toes in front of the letter S. moving his left side forwards and into the angle between the two swords, his body extended, knees straight, and right foot following a bit behind beyond the letter G, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | |Apres que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> à conduit ce mouvement à fin, | + | |Apres que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> à conduit ce mouvement à fin, assavoir qu’il s’est tourné le corps avec l’espee dessus le costé du Quarré Inscrit; l’adversaire ayant failli de travailler durant le mesme temps, ou ne l’ayant pas voulu faire pour ce que il sentoit y estre conservé un Poids raisonnable, ou finalement qu’il luy ait voulu accorder de parfaire son intention: <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit donc à travailler de la Seconde Instance où il estoit planté, il esleve, & avance lentement le pied gauche, & avant qu’il le laisse toucher la terre par l’avancement du costé gauche, il en fait une petite pause, prenant soigneusement garde au Poids de son adversaire, s’il vouloit tascher d’aventure à faire autre chose; mais puis qu’il ne se meut point, il plante le pied en terre au dedans du Quarré Inscrit, avec les orteils devant la lettre S. entrant du costé gauche au dedans de l’angle des deux espees, le corps estēdu, les genoux roides, & le pied droit traināt un peu apres outre la lettre G; comme il se voit en la figure. |
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|''At the very moment when Alexander is entering into the angle with his left foot and side, at the point when he is just committed to moving forward, Zachary withdraws his left foot backwards, at the same time bending his arm and lifts the guard above his head, then moves his weight back onto his front foot, and gives his opponent an imbrocata thrust to the left side of his torso.'' | |''At the very moment when Alexander is entering into the angle with his left foot and side, at the point when he is just committed to moving forward, Zachary withdraws his left foot backwards, at the same time bending his arm and lifts the guard above his head, then moves his weight back onto his front foot, and gives his opponent an imbrocata thrust to the left side of his torso.'' | ||
− | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre | + | |''Cependant qu’Alexandre est en aćtion d’entrer avec le pied & costé gauche au dedans de l’angle, à l’instant qu’il commence à tomber; Zacharie se recule en arriere, moyennant le pied gauche, se courbant au mesme temps le bras de l’espee avec la garde par dessus la teste, puis il recharge le corps sur le pied de devant, & donne à son Contraire un coup d’imbrocade au costé gauche de la poitrine.'' |
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|This action proceeds from the previous, in the time that Alexander takes to enter with his left foot, just as his body is about to fall forwards. Zacharie withdraws his rear foot backwards. While bending his arm and raising his guard above his head, he shifts his weight onto his front foot and bends his wrist to aim his tip at his opponent’s left side, as his shown in the figures. | |This action proceeds from the previous, in the time that Alexander takes to enter with his left foot, just as his body is about to fall forwards. Zacharie withdraws his rear foot backwards. While bending his arm and raising his guard above his head, he shifts his weight onto his front foot and bends his wrist to aim his tip at his opponent’s left side, as his shown in the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation procede en suite de la precedente, au temps qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> fait l’intrade du pied gauche, iceluy estant en train de tomber ensemble avec le corps. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> donc retire le pied de derriere, en haussant & courbant cependāt le bras de l’espee par dessus sa teste, & en ramenant la charge du corps sur le pied de devant, il assene sa pointe en ligne courbe au costé gauche de son Adversaire; suivant la representation des figures. |
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|If Alexander were to make his move inside without a pause before he sets his left foot down, his opponent could easily hit him with this imbrocata. Thus it is absolutely necessary to take good care of what was noted in the previous Circle. And, in fact, it is the only reason we have shown you this danger. And now here follows the counter to this. | |If Alexander were to make his move inside without a pause before he sets his left foot down, his opponent could easily hit him with this imbrocata. Thus it is absolutely necessary to take good care of what was noted in the previous Circle. And, in fact, it is the only reason we have shown you this danger. And now here follows the counter to this. | ||
− | |S’il advient qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre face l’intrade | + | |S’il advient qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre face l’intrade sans pauser avant qu’il plante le pied gauche, l’Adversaire le pourra fort facilement toucher de ceste imbrocade. Dont il est tres-necessaire de prendre bonne garde à ce qui est annoté sur le Cercle precedent. Et de fait, c’est la seule cause pourquoy nous en avons voulu vous representer le danger devant les yeux: duquel il s’esuit maintenant le Contraire. |
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|''Zachary tries to perform the same imbrocata. Alexander turns his left side away to the outside, inverting his sword-arm so the guard, and particularly the interior branch of the cross-guard is turned up above the height of his head and aiming the tip of his sword at his opponent’s face.'' | |''Zachary tries to perform the same imbrocata. Alexander turns his left side away to the outside, inverting his sword-arm so the guard, and particularly the interior branch of the cross-guard is turned up above the height of his head and aiming the tip of his sword at his opponent’s face.'' | ||
− | |''Zacharie voulant donner encores la | + | |''Zacharie voulant donner encores la mesme imbrocade; Alexandre se destourne au mesme temps le costé gauche en dehors, renversant le bras de l’espee avec la garde & notamment la branche interieure en haut par dessus la mesure de la teste; en mettant sa pointe devant le visage du Contraire.'' |
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|Here we see the same actions as in the previous circle, but in this case, as Alexander moves his left foot, before he sets it on the ground, he pauses briefly, as we cautioned before. Thus his opponent did no know when to begin to move to attack him in the same way as before, with a bent-arm because he could not instantly feel his move. To interrupt Zachary’s strike, he sets his foot down suddenly along the line M-S, while twisting to withdraw his left side, he leans back on his right leg. Keeping his arm straight, he turns the interior branch of his crossguard upwards above his head, so that he catches his opponent’s blade, and puts his sword-tip precisely in front of his face, needing only to execute the finish, as is shown by the figures. | |Here we see the same actions as in the previous circle, but in this case, as Alexander moves his left foot, before he sets it on the ground, he pauses briefly, as we cautioned before. Thus his opponent did no know when to begin to move to attack him in the same way as before, with a bent-arm because he could not instantly feel his move. To interrupt Zachary’s strike, he sets his foot down suddenly along the line M-S, while twisting to withdraw his left side, he leans back on his right leg. Keeping his arm straight, he turns the interior branch of his crossguard upwards above his head, so that he catches his opponent’s blade, and puts his sword-tip precisely in front of his face, needing only to execute the finish, as is shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |C’est icy encores la mesme operation du Cercle precedent, toutesfois <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> en avançant le pied gauche, avant qu’il le laisse toucher à terre, il en a fait une petite pause, selon l’advertissement, que nous venons d’en donner. Dont sa partie adverse n’a sceu commencer plustost à se mouvoir pour le blesser derechef en la mesme sorte en ligne courbe, qu’il ne s’en soit apperceu tout au premier Instant par le sentimēt: & pour luy rompre le coup, il met tout sondainement le pied à terre sur la sećtion de la ligne M S, retirant ensemble le costé gauche, & se panchant à l’envers sur le pied droit avec le bras roide, en tournant & haussant la branche interieure de sa garde plus haut que sa teste, de sorte qu’il en enserre la lame Contraire, & luy met la pointe par courtoisie devant le visage, ne tenāt qu’à luy d’en faire l’execution; comme il est representé par les figures. |
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|Note how Zachary has bent his arm to thrust his imbrocata, so Alexander bent his own arm to be able to defend against it, while at the same time attacking with his sword-tip inverted. | |Note how Zachary has bent his arm to thrust his imbrocata, so Alexander bent his own arm to be able to defend against it, while at the same time attacking with his sword-tip inverted. | ||
− | |Notez comme Zacharie | + | |Notez comme Zacharie se courbe le bras en dehors, pour tirer son Imbrocade, qu’Alexandre courbe le sien au contraire pour faire sa defense, luy opposant au mesme temps la pointe renverséé. |
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|''This is a follow-on from Circle No 5. Alexander leans forward onto his front foot, leaving the other behind raising his heel so he rests on his toes. Then at the same time that he moves his left foot forward to the letter S, he seizes his opponent’s hilt. By disengaging the blades he moves his sword-tip against his opponent’s chest.'' | |''This is a follow-on from Circle No 5. Alexander leans forward onto his front foot, leaving the other behind raising his heel so he rests on his toes. Then at the same time that he moves his left foot forward to the letter S, he seizes his opponent’s hilt. By disengaging the blades he moves his sword-tip against his opponent’s chest.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''Cest icy une poursuite du Cercle 5. Alexandre se va pancher sur le pied de devant, en laissant trainer un bien peu l’autre apres sur les orteils; ce qu’estant fait, il s’avance quand & quand le pied gauche avec le milieu sur la lettre S, en faisant prinse de la garde contraire, moyennant le destachement des lames desquelles il conduit la poinćte de la sienne contre la poitrine de l’adversaire.'' |
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|This action follows on from Circle No 5 where <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> has entered into the angle between the swords, with his foot very close to the letter S. He then leans the left side of his body forward onto this left foot, and draws the other foot along behind. At the same time, he raises his left hand between, and as high as, the two swords, the same way as <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> does in Circle No 10. Having done this, he immediately skips his left foot over, so the middle is on the letter S, and and that the same time lifts his sword from the other so that he can grab the hilt from above, and pull it towards himself while turning the interior branch of the crossguard upwards. He draws his right foot up to where the line crosses the collateral G-M while at the same time holding the guard against his side with the crosspiece vertical and sets his sword-tip exactly against his opponents chest, as is shown in the figure. | |This action follows on from Circle No 5 where <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> has entered into the angle between the swords, with his foot very close to the letter S. He then leans the left side of his body forward onto this left foot, and draws the other foot along behind. At the same time, he raises his left hand between, and as high as, the two swords, the same way as <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> does in Circle No 10. Having done this, he immediately skips his left foot over, so the middle is on the letter S, and and that the same time lifts his sword from the other so that he can grab the hilt from above, and pull it towards himself while turning the interior branch of the crossguard upwards. He draws his right foot up to where the line crosses the collateral G-M while at the same time holding the guard against his side with the crosspiece vertical and sets his sword-tip exactly against his opponents chest, as is shown in the figure. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste opearation procede en suite du Cercle 5. où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre est entré dedans l’angle avec le pied gauche devant bien pres de la lettre S. Maintenant donc il se va pancher le costé gauche du corps en avant sur le mesme pied, en sorte que l’autre traine un peu derriere, haussant au mesme temps le bras & la main gauche entre deux & à l’egal des espees, comme il est representé par la figure d’Alexandre au Cercle N.10. Ce qu’ayant fait, tout à l’instant il s’avance le pied gauche comme en santelant avec le milieu sur la lettre S, & à ce mesme temps il oste son espee de dessus l’autre, dont il fait prinse de la garde par en haut, la tire à soy en tournant la branche interieure en haut, menant le pied droit en suite de l’autre jusqu’à l’entrecoupure de la collaterale G M. s’affermissant au mesme temps la garde contre les costes avec la branche interieure verticale, & la pointe presantée par courtoisie à la poitrine de l’adversaire: comme les figures representent. |
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|During the time it takes for Alexander to perform this action, leaning over his left foot and raising his hand and arm ready to grasp the hilt, he must above all pay attention to the feel of the blades, so that he may immediately perceive if the force from his ennemy’s blade weakens, or if he begins to withdraw his blade, possibly moving his body backwards, as well. In which case, he could not effectively grab the hilt. On the contrary, he must instead move his right side forward with his arm and sword at the same time so as to hit his opponent’s face. | |During the time it takes for Alexander to perform this action, leaning over his left foot and raising his hand and arm ready to grasp the hilt, he must above all pay attention to the feel of the blades, so that he may immediately perceive if the force from his ennemy’s blade weakens, or if he begins to withdraw his blade, possibly moving his body backwards, as well. In which case, he could not effectively grab the hilt. On the contrary, he must instead move his right side forward with his arm and sword at the same time so as to hit his opponent’s face. | ||
− | |En | + | |En ceste operation au temp qu’Alexandre s’avance pour se pancher sur le pied gauche, & qu’il hausse le bras & la main pour faire preparation de la prinse, il faut qu’il observe sur toutes choses le Sentiment des lames, afin qu’il se puisse tousiours appercevoir à temps, si l’Ennemy n’affoiblit pas la sienne, ou s’il ne la retire point en arriere, mesme avec reculement du corps. Car en ce cas là la prinse de la garde ne pourra sortir a effet. Au contraire il faut alors avancer le costé droit, ensemble le bras & l’espee pour toucher au mesme temps au visage. |
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|''This is another follow-on from Circle No 5, which happens as soon as Alexander has begun to move his upper body forward onto his left foot. Zachary increases the force of his blade, to push Alexander’s aside as Alexander is bringing his right foot up behind. As soon as he realizes from the feel that his opponent’s blade will escape overhead out of his control, and thus will close off any approaches from the right side, he moves his left foot along the middle of the line of the Inside Square, where he puts his weight on his bent knee, and sets his sword-tip against his adversary’s right side.'' | |''This is another follow-on from Circle No 5, which happens as soon as Alexander has begun to move his upper body forward onto his left foot. Zachary increases the force of his blade, to push Alexander’s aside as Alexander is bringing his right foot up behind. As soon as he realizes from the feel that his opponent’s blade will escape overhead out of his control, and thus will close off any approaches from the right side, he moves his left foot along the middle of the line of the Inside Square, where he puts his weight on his bent knee, and sets his sword-tip against his adversary’s right side.'' | ||
− | |'' | + | |''C’est encor une autre poursuite du Cercle 5. Dés qu’Alexandre commence à approcher la partie superiure du corps en avant, pour se charger sur le pied gauche; Zacharie augmente le sentiment de sa lame, en usant de force pour transporter celle d’Alexandre, sur quoy Alexandre approche durant le mesme temps le pied droit, & d’autant qu’il recognoist par le sentiment, que la lame contraire s’en va luy eschapper par dessus, & icelle affermissant contre ses costes au costé droit, en marchant du pied gauche dessus le milieu du Quarré Inscrit, où il fait la charge du corps dessus avec le genouil plié, en assenant sa pointe au costé droit de l’adversaire.'' |
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|This action also follows from Circle No 5. As soon as Alexander begins to move his left side and to lean over his left foot which is already set on the ground, his opponent increases the amount of force on his blade. Against this, Alexander at first resists, as he brings his right foot up behind him. But as his adversary continues to increase the force against his blade until it is enough to move them both to the side. Alexander recognizes from the feel that this force has become powerful enough, that if he suddenly lets them go, they will fly overhead and far off centre. So he quickly pulls his own blade off his opponent’s and presses his guard against his right side, while moving his left foot to the middle of the line N-X. He shifts his weight onto his left foot, then bends his knee while he moves his right foot in a circular motion to the letter M along the Perpendicular Diameter and at the same time wounds his opponent under the right armpit. This is shown by the figures. | |This action also follows from Circle No 5. As soon as Alexander begins to move his left side and to lean over his left foot which is already set on the ground, his opponent increases the amount of force on his blade. Against this, Alexander at first resists, as he brings his right foot up behind him. But as his adversary continues to increase the force against his blade until it is enough to move them both to the side. Alexander recognizes from the feel that this force has become powerful enough, that if he suddenly lets them go, they will fly overhead and far off centre. So he quickly pulls his own blade off his opponent’s and presses his guard against his right side, while moving his left foot to the middle of the line N-X. He shifts his weight onto his left foot, then bends his knee while he moves his right foot in a circular motion to the letter M along the Perpendicular Diameter and at the same time wounds his opponent under the right armpit. This is shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Ceste operation procede aussi du Cercle 5. Des qu’Alexandre commēce à avancer le costé gauche, pour se pancher sur le mesme pied qui est desia planté; en ce mesme temps son Contraire luy augmente le poids de sa lame: à quoy Alexandre fait un peu de resistence au commencement, en approchant le pied droit; mais puis que l’Aversaire continue à l’augmenter de plus en plus, jusqu’à user de force pour transporter les lames; & qu’Alexandre cognoist par le Sentiment, qu’ell s’en va forligner d’elle mesme par dessus & outre sa teste, voire & qu’elle y fera un assez grand Angle; il la laisse enfuir, en ostant & affermissant la sienne a son costé droit avec la garde, avançant ensemblement le pied gauche sur le milieu de la ligne NX, où il se charge & pance le corps dessus avec le genouil plié cependant, le pied droit poursuit en forme circulaire, jusqu’au Diametre perpendiculaire, lettre M. & cependant il blesse sa partie adverse en l’aixelle droite; suivant la representation des figures. |
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|This one also follows from Circle No 5. Here Zachary waits to see what happens. Alexander moves his left side forwards, at the same time that he lifts his right foot onto his toes, and draws it up behind him, he raises his left arm and hand level with and between the two blades, as is shown by the figures. | |This one also follows from Circle No 5. Here Zachary waits to see what happens. Alexander moves his left side forwards, at the same time that he lifts his right foot onto his toes, and draws it up behind him, he raises his left arm and hand level with and between the two blades, as is shown by the figures. | ||
− | |Voicy qui procede encor du Cercle 5. quand <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> en attend la | + | |Voicy qui procede encor du Cercle 5. quand <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> en attend la poursuite, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> s’avance le costé gauche du corps, entrainant quand & quand le pied droit apres sur les orteils, & haussant au mesme temps le bras & la main gauche à l’egal & entre les deux lames; comme il est representé en la figure. |
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|In this one, we continue on, where Alexander skips his left foot to the letter S, and, then he leans his body forward, in such a way that his right foot is raised up as it follows on. At the same time, he puts his hand over top of both blades and seizes his opponent’s hilt, as is shown by the figures. | |In this one, we continue on, where Alexander skips his left foot to the letter S, and, then he leans his body forward, in such a way that his right foot is raised up as it follows on. At the same time, he puts his hand over top of both blades and seizes his opponent’s hilt, as is shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Cest la continuation du precedent: où <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’avance par un petit saut avec le pied gauche sur la lettre S, panchant le corps sur le devant, en sorte que le pied droit s’esleve quand & quand en haut en suite de l’autre, & au mesme temps en portant la main par dessus le long des deux lames, il fait prinse de la garde contraire, commes les figures demonstrent. |
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|Alexander continues the previous action, taking a large about-face step, swinging his already-raised right foot all the way around behind his adversary. He then leans back onto his right foot, raises his left fott, and pulls the guard that he is grasping in his hand upwards. Meanwhile, he presses his own guard gainst his right side, and the tip of his sword against the right side of his opponent, as can be seen by the figures in the image. | |Alexander continues the previous action, taking a large about-face step, swinging his already-raised right foot all the way around behind his adversary. He then leans back onto his right foot, raises his left fott, and pulls the guard that he is grasping in his hand upwards. Meanwhile, he presses his own guard gainst his right side, and the tip of his sword against the right side of his opponent, as can be seen by the figures in the image. | ||
− | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> | + | |<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> poursuit à continuer la precedente operation, voltant un grand pas à l’envers, avec le pied droit qui estoit j’à eslevé, en sorte qu’il le plante mesme derriere le corps de l’adversaire, puis il se va pancher à l’envers sur le mesme, en eslevant le pied gauche, & attirant à soy vers le haut la garde qu’il tient en prinse, affermissant cependant la sienne au costé droit, & sa pointe au costé droit de la poitrine de son contraire, comme il se voit aux figures. |
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|This is the final execution of the movement which follows from the preceeding actions. That is, Alexander steps forward, putting his left foot down in between his opponent’s feet, shifting his weight onto it, bending his knee, and leaning his body forward, while driving his thrust through his opponent’s body, as it is shown by the figures. | |This is the final execution of the movement which follows from the preceeding actions. That is, Alexander steps forward, putting his left foot down in between his opponent’s feet, shifting his weight onto it, bending his knee, and leaning his body forward, while driving his thrust through his opponent’s body, as it is shown by the figures. | ||
− | | | + | |Cest la derniere continuation & execution en suite des precedēts: asçavoir qu’Alexandre s’avāce, & entre avec le pied gauche vers le contraire, jusqu’à le planter entre les deux pieds d’iceluy, en faisant la charge dessus avec le genouil plié & le corps panché de mesme, & donnant par mesme voye le coup d’estocade à son homme à travers le corps; ainsi qu’il appert aux figures. |
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− | + | | What is most noteworthy and special in this Plate as compared to the others, is the maner of putting oneself in between the angles, on which the moves which follow depend. Inasmuch as there are an infinite number of possible opportunities and it is impossible to show each and every variation of sequences, in any case, it is quite certain that Zachary will not know of any way to counter against any move which is similar to the the ones shown here. As soon as he opens the angle, however much or little, as long as there is an angle, Alexander should be ready to enter in, not to throw himself recklessly in do-or-die desperation, but with prudence, and with such sensibility, that his adversary cannot make the least move, without his being fully aware of it, so that he can unrestrainedly hit with a mortal blow, as shown in Circles No 3 & 4. Even if he has created an opening by pushing with his blade, Alexander does not step in with either his right or left foot, unless the opening is large enough and he can see a sufficient opportunity. This he does nonetheless with the same adroitness and care as before, being very careful above all, not to throw away the advantageous position he worked to gain, with an ill-advised rush. And after he has stepped, in, before he puts his advantage to effect, either by seizing his opponent’s guard, or by executing a strike, he always takes the same care. In sum, he is never in haste, but waits until his preparations are complete and he is ready to put an end to this undertaking, as long as he keeps the true timing, so that the opportunity does not escape from him, nor does he act too soon and thus do all his work in vain. When he proceeds deliberately, he is better able to be on his guard, and his adversary can do nothing that cannot be easily interrupted, nor can his adversary do anything much to disrupt him, and he himself is always able to change his actions, according to the situation. | |
− | |What is most noteworthy and special in this Plate as compared to the others, is the maner of putting oneself in between the angles, on which the moves which follow depend. Inasmuch as there are an infinite number of possible opportunities and it is impossible to show each and every variation of sequences, in any case, it is quite certain that Zachary will not know of any way to counter against any move which is similar to the the ones shown here. As soon as he opens the angle, however much or little, as long as there is an angle, Alexander should be ready to enter in, not to throw himself recklessly in do-or-die desperation, but with prudence, and with such sensibility, that his adversary cannot make the least move, without his being fully aware of it, so that he can unrestrainedly hit with a mortal blow, as shown in Circles No 3 & 4. Even if he has created an opening by pushing with his blade, Alexander does not step in with either his right or left foot, unless the opening is large enough and he can see a sufficient opportunity. This he does nonetheless with the same adroitness and care as before, being very careful above all, not to throw away the advantageous position he worked to gain, with an ill-advised rush. And after he has stepped, in, before he puts his advantage to effect, either by seizing his opponent’s guard, or by executing a strike, he always takes the same care. In sum, he is never in haste, but waits until his preparations are complete and he is ready to put an end to this undertaking, as long as he keeps the true timing, so that the opportunity does not escape from him, nor does he act too soon and thus do all his work in vain. When he proceeds deliberately, he is better able to be on his guard, and his adversary can do nothing that cannot be easily interrupted, nor can his adversary do anything much to disrupt him, and he himself is always able to change his actions, according to the situation. | + | | Ce qui est le plus notable & special en ce Tableau present par dessus les autres, c’est la maniere de se mettre dedans les angles, avec les suites qui en dependent. Car encores que les occasions soyent infinies, & qu’il soit impossible de representer touts les changements qui pourroyent survenir un à un, toutesfois il est certain que Zacharie ne sçauroit rien pratiquer en telle occasion avec espees touchantes, qui ne puisse aisement se raporter à ces mesmes leçons que nous en avons proposées. Car dés qu’il ouvre l’angle, soit grand, soit petit, moyennant que ce soit un angle, Alexandre se prepare pour y entrer, non pourtant qu’il se precipite là dedans à corps perdu, comme pour mourir ou vaincre à la desesperade. Mais c’est avec prudence, & avec telle observation du Sentiment, que l’adversaire ne peut faire à la moindre faute à l’observer pareillement de sa part, qu’il n’en soit incontinent touché d’une mortelle atteinte, comme il se voit és Cercles 3. & 4. Et mesme apres qu’il l’aura ouvert avec bon sentiment, Alexandre ne laisse pourtant de s’y loger dedans avec le pied droit ou gauche devant, selon que l’ouverture est grande & l’opportunité qu’il en trouve. Ce qu’il fait cependant avec la mesme adresse & circonspećtion qu’auparavant, se gardant sur tout de prodigner ses mouvements par une vistesse mal advisée. Et apres qu’il est entré dedans, avant que de mettre l’advantage en œvre, soit à faire prinse de la garde contraire, ou execution de pointe ou de taille, que ce soit tousiours avec la mesme prudence. Somme, que jamais il ne se haste jusqu’à tant que toutes les preparations soyent faites, & qu’il soit venu sur le point de mettre fin à l’entreprinse. Si lors s’en est le vray temps, afin que l’occasion ne luy eschappe hors des mains, non point devant afin qu’il ne se travaille en vain. Car quand il y va lentement, il est mieux sur ses gardes, & n’y peut rien arriver de par l’Adversaire qui le puisse grandement mettre en desordre, par ce qu’il ne fait rien luy mesme qu’il ne puisse tousiours changer à temps, quand l’occasion se change. |
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+ | {{DEFAULTSORT:Thibault d'Anvers/Plates 1-11, Gérard}} | ||
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+ | [[Category:Old format]] |