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| '''Chap. 2. Consideration as one must be in their guards.'''
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It will not be amiss for us to place before the eyes the works of Camille Agrippa<ref>Agrippa, Camillo, Treatise on the Science of Arms (Rome, 1553)</ref>, the most expert of all of this profession. He places the guards alphabetically A B C D, wanting this order to serve the progress of his work. Nevertheless, the premiere marked A should not be in my judgement as high as D: the arm
 
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| should be more ready for the offensive and for the defensive, which makes me say that it must be a little more extended with the step, because it eases the right side to be quicker to attack and to parry the blows that may occur. Also, the posture for the offensive is more sustainable than he teaches, as the enemy is more in fear of being struck from this guard than any other, and because these principal guards are more understandable. I will discuss the first four as you will see in this discourse.
 
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| '''Chap. 3. The four principal guards'''
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In this I outline the four main guards, premiere, seconde, tierce, and quarte, to serve as a beginning to this work, they consist of this kind. All those who wear a sword by custom or by merit,
 
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| whether provoked by words, or agitated with anger to come to blows, represent all four. The premiere, having drawn the sword entirely out of the sheath, they raise the arm in the same tempo to strike. The seconde, while holding firm, they lower the hand a little, with the arm to the equal of the sword. The tierce, at the same time that they put themselves into posture with the sword near the knee at the outside<re>In other words, on the inside of that knee which is to the outside. I am indebted to Olivier Dupuis for correcting my original translation, which was ‘near the outside of the knee’, similar to a ‘Bolognese’ guard of coda lunga e stretta.</ref>. The quarte, bringing the sword hand to the inside of the knee. These are here the principal guards, and from which all others derive as their elements, and from which they are strengthened as their foundations, that we placed here in order, but first I will discuss how to hit so you do not resemble the Alchemists without experience, who derive from their science only vanity, and who make it look like a trick, and an obscurity.
 
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| The fencing masters must, by judgement and by reason, teach steps to their pupils, to strengthen them, and to make them acquire a greater disposition; to recognize for themselves the tempi to gain the advantage, to the inside, and the outside, and to all occurrences which may occur to parry and to attack, because they will have such ease in the handling of the sword, they will do everything by industry and nothing by adventure, even as they disturb the memory of their enemies so, that they cannot use their lessons to offend, nor refrain from being offended. I take as witness the most famous Masters of antiquity, like le Pape de Milan le Beccaroni, and the Mancino de Boulogne<ref>Manciolino of Bologna</ref>, and many others who have made a worthy profession of this noble exercise.
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That is why he who knows the way to advance and to retire may render himself expert in making his
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observations.
 
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| Here are the observances which I intend that one teaches to students. That they walk step by step, both forwards and backwards, with weapons in hand, traversing only the right and the left, exercising to make the steps on the line that traverse the circle.
 
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| '''Chap. 4. Of Tempo'''
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Since in all other sciences the Masters observe an order, I want to see one here, even though I do not want to make this a profession, which is why I shall say that it is of tempo, half-tempo, and counter-tempo.
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Tempo is when coming into combat your enemy strikes a blow of maindroit or of revers and in raising his arm to hit you he gives you the time to hit him.
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The half-tempo is when one hits with the point, or with the edge, at the same tempo that one parries and is called on this occasion demi-tempo for what is a half sword.
 
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| The counter-tempo is, when seeing your enemy in guard to strike you with an estocade, you go to the counter, sliding your sword against his. It is so called because the swords meet each other. It is a blow of an alert, wellpractised by the French Nobility. The thrust is now in use in Spain, Poland, and in Germany, formerly little used, for which I praise and approve, especially as the thrust keeps the enemy farther away, because the slender man can measure his sword with the stronger, provided that he has experience of this fencing to make up for his weakness. The honour of this fencing is due to the invention of my Italian Master, who gave the teachings to defend in this way.
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I will discuss several other ways of hitting such as with a thrust; a cut; with a maindroit as that of revers; a fente<ref>A vertical, downwards cut, equivalent to the Italian fendente</ref> ; an estramasson<ref>A rising cut with the false edge, possibly similar to the false edge cut described by Dall’Aggochie</ref>; a rising [cut with the false edge]; with the moulinet<ref>A circular cut to the opponent’s right side, equivalent to the Italian moulineto</ref>; the feint to the right; the feint to the left;
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| ; jartiere<ref>A ‘garter’ or cut to the leg. Note the term’s spelling varies in this work.</ref>; estocade<ref>A thrust</ref>, and of several other blows to the legs. But because they are commonplace, I will not make further discourse, especially that nature communicates the science to everyone, and although at present we do not face as large an estate of cuts as are among the common. However, even if this cut had been made promptly, it is helpful and prompt to strike as I have proved with experienced men, and brave, and who made me carry the sword to a palm's width near the face, or even less, in order to riposte my cut, [but] which was beyond their power because the movement of the wrist is swifter than the movement of the foot to carry a thrust.
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| '''Chap. 5. As one must have alert eyes'''
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After having dealt with tempo, with striking,
 
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| it is worth warning you, in what place one must have the eye to the time of combat. So many Masters so many opinions: some want us to look at the hand, such as that from which comes the blow, others at the movement of the arm, others the face. Very good opinions and well considered, but for me I require that one looks at the tip of the enemy's sword, as it is the quickest to offend, being closer to your body than the hand. Considering that, while you would take care of the hand or the face, you can be hit easily if you have not parried the tip of your enemy's sword by ensuring that it was past your body. But because this detail requires a different reason, I will distinguish the whole in order, putting the figures where I will judge the most necessary and the easiest to the reader.
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Revision as of 19:41, 15 January 2022

André des Bordes
Born 1582
Nancy, Lorraine
Died 28 January 1625
Nancy, Lorraine (?)
Spouse(s) Marie Olivier
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Henri II, Duke of Lorraine
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Discours de la théorie de la pratique et de l’excellence des armes (1610)
Manuscript(s) MS E.1939.65.435

André des Bordes (Abraham Racinot; 1582-1625) was a 17th century French fencing master. Nothing is known of this master's youth other than the fact that he studied swordsmanship in Italy for many years and achieved some degree of mastery. After returning to his native France, he soon befriended the future duke Henri, and was appointed fencing master to Duke Charles III of Lorraine in 1606. When Henri became duke in 1609, Bordes was named a gentleman, and in August of 1609 he was raised to nobility (with the usual fees waived). Earlier that year in June, he had married Marie Olivier, a woman from a distinguished family in Pont-à-Mousson.

In 1610, Bordes completed a treatise on fencing entitled Discours de la théorie de la pratique et de l’excellence des armes ("Discourse on Theory, Practice, and Excellence at Arms"); it was published in Nancy and dedicated to the Duke. Bordes' treatise seems to largely be an abbreviated French translation of Camillo Palladini's Italian treatise Discorso di Camillo Palladini Bolognese sopra l'arte della scherma come l'arte della scherma è necessaria à chi si diletta d'arme (De Walden Library 14/10).

After this, Bordes' wealth and prestige increased; in 1612 he was appointed captain, warden and tax collector of Boulay, and in 1615, captain and provost of Sierck. In 1617, he joined the duchy's Council of State and gained the title Squire. At some point, Bordes also seems to have served as a foreign ambassador for Lorraine. Events turned against Bordes after the death of Henri II in 1624. His political enemies contrived to have him imprisoned on charges of witchcraft in November of that year, and on 28 January 1625 Bordes confessed to the crime and was executed by strangulation and burned.

Treatise

Additional Resources

Transcription by Olivier Dupuis

Translation by Rob Runacres

References

  1. In other words, offer his knowledge and skills.
  2. As in the pictures
  3. Agrippa, Camillo, Treatise on the Science of Arms (Rome, 1553)
  4. Manciolino of Bologna
  5. A vertical, downwards cut, equivalent to the Italian fendente
  6. A rising cut with the false edge, possibly similar to the false edge cut described by Dall’Aggochie
  7. A circular cut to the opponent’s right side, equivalent to the Italian moulineto
  8. A ‘garter’ or cut to the leg. Note the term’s spelling varies in this work.
  9. A thrust