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{{Infobox medieval text
 
{{Infobox medieval text
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
<!----------Name---------->
| name                  = [[name::Nuremberg Group]]{{#set:title=Nuremberg Group}}
+
| name                  = [[name::Augsburg Group]]{{#set:title=Augsburg Group}}
 
| alternative title(s)  =  
 
| alternative title(s)  =  
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image                = File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
 
| image                = File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
 
| width                =  
 
| width                =  
| caption              = Codex Wallerstein, ff 20v - 21r
+
| caption              = Bauman Fechtbuch, ff 20v - 21r
 
<!----------Information---------->
 
<!----------Information---------->
 
| full title            =  
 
| full title            =  
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| archetype(s)          =  
 
| archetype(s)          =  
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
  | [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Cod. I.6.4º.2]] (ca. 1470s)
+
  | [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Cod. I.6.4º.2]] (ca. 1470s)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
  | [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Libr. pict. A.83]] (ca. 1510s)
 
  | [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Libr. pict. A.83]] (ca. 1510s)
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| sources              =  
 
| sources              =  
 
| translations          = {{collapsible list
 
| translations          = {{collapsible list
  | {{French translation|Nuremberg Group/French|2}}
+
  | {{French translation|Augsburg Group/French|2}}
 
  | {{German translation|http://www.salafenix.eu/docs/biblio/tratados/Anonimo.Codex_Wallerstein_Ringen.Marlon_Hoss_Bottger.2003.en.pdf|1}}
 
  | {{German translation|http://www.salafenix.eu/docs/biblio/tratados/Anonimo.Codex_Wallerstein_Ringen.Marlon_Hoss_Bottger.2003.en.pdf|1}}
 
  | {{Slovenian translation|http://scholapugnatoria.si/?page_id{{=}}672|1}}
 
  | {{Slovenian translation|http://scholapugnatoria.si/?page_id{{=}}672|1}}
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| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
The '''Nuremberg Group''' is a series of [[century::15th century|15th]] and 16th century [[nationality::German]] manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Nuremberg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two sections of the [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Codex Wallerstein]] are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of [[Albrecht Dürer]]. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Fechtbuch]], which is comprised of material not drawn from Wallerstein, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.
+
The '''Augsburg Group''' is a series of [[century::15th century|15th]] and 16th century [[nationality::German]] manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Augsburg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two components of the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]] are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of [[Albrecht Dürer]]. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Fechtbuch]], which is comprised of material not drawn from Bauman, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.
  
Despite the existence of several [[fencing manual]]s describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. A master [[Hartman von Nuremberg]] is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]],<ref>[[Paulus Kal|Kal, Paulus]]. Untitled [manuscript]. [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]]. Munich, Germany: [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]], 1470.</ref> but no writings of his that might demonstrate a connection to the tradition are known to exist. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.<ref>J. Christoph Amberger. "[http://web.archive.org/web/20060518155508/http://swordhistory.com/excerpts/masters.html The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age]". ''Fencers Quarterly Magazine''. Retrieved 12 October 2010.</ref> In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is [[Antonius Rast]], a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by [[Paulus Hector Mair]], and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.
+
Despite the existence of several [[fencing manual]]s describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.<ref>J. Christoph Amberger. "[http://web.archive.org/web/20060518155508/http://swordhistory.com/excerpts/masters.html The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age]". ''Fencers Quarterly Magazine''. Retrieved 12 October 2010.</ref> In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is [[Antonius Rast]], a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by [[Paulus Hector Mair]], and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.
  
 
== Treatises ==
 
== Treatises ==
Line 75: Line 75:
 
The Wrocław [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)|Codex 1246]] was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]] referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition ''Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch''. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|MS 26-232]]; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation ''Br.''
 
The Wrocław [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)|Codex 1246]] was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]] referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition ''Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch''. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|MS 26-232]]; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation ''Br.''
  
While the [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Picture Book]] contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Nuremberg tradition including [[Hans Talhoffer]]'s writings and a series of [[anonymous sword and buckler images]]. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it and thus are omitted here.
+
While the [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Picture Book]] contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Augsburg tradition including [[Hans Talhoffer]]'s writings and a series of [[anonymous sword and buckler images]]. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it and thus are omitted here.
  
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 1,492: Line 1,492:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 1,757: Line 1,757:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 1,816: Line 1,816:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 2,087: Line 2,087:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 2,161: Line 2,161:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
Line 2,476: Line 2,476:
 
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header|1}}
 
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header|1}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Codex I.6.4°.2]] Images
+
  | work        = [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4°.2)|Cod. I.6.4°.2]] Images
 
  | authors    = [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]]
 
  | authors    = [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]]
 
  | source link = http://media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/node?cunfold=82373&dir=82373&id=82373
 
  | source link = http://media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/node?cunfold=82373&dir=82373&id=82373
Line 2,483: Line 2,483:
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Libri Picture A.83]] Images
+
  | work        = [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Libr. Pict. A.83]] Images
 
  | authors    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
 
  | authors    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
 
  | source link = http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/dms/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN614064619&DMDID=DMDLOG_0000
 
  | source link = http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/dms/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN614064619&DMDID=DMDLOG_0000
Line 2,518: Line 2,518:
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Augsburg Version I]]
+
  | work        = [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4°.2)|Augsburg Version I]]
 
  | authors    = [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]
 
  | authors    = [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]
 
  | source link = http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/fencing/albrecht.pdf
 
  | source link = http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/fencing/albrecht.pdf

Revision as of 16:49, 26 August 2022

Augsburg Group
Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
Bauman Fechtbuch, ff 20v - 21r
Author(s)
Compiled by
Illustrated by
Date ca. 1470s
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical; several
fragmentary copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

The Augsburg Group is a series of 15th and 16th century German manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Augsburg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two components of the Bauman Fechtbuch are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of Albrecht Dürer. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the Glasgow Fechtbuch, which is comprised of material not drawn from Bauman, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.

Despite the existence of several fencing manuals describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the Marxbrüder fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.[1] In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is Antonius Rast, a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by Paulus Hector Mair, and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.

Treatises

The Wrocław Codex 1246 was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, Friedrich Dörnhöffer referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the MS 26-232; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation Br.

While the Berlin Picture Book contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Augsburg tradition including Hans Talhoffer's writings and a series of anonymous sword and buckler images. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it and thus are omitted here.

Additional Resources

References

  1. J. Christoph Amberger. "The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age". Fencers Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  2. dauchen : drücken, niederdrücken.
  3. Im Fechten gibt es den Zwerhau, der in dieser Handschrift als Twir bezeichnet wird, in anderen Quellen aber auch Twirch geschrieben wird, von zwerch = schräg, quer. Zum einen würde diese Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ringen hier keinen wirklichen Sinn ergeben, zum anderen wäre die Schreibweise mit „b“, auch wenn dieses stimmlos gesprochen werden kann, äußerst ungewöhnlich. Im Rheinischen Wörterbuch findet sich dagegen der Begriff Pirch = Pferch = Einzäunung. Diese Bedeutung ergibt im Ringen mehr Sinn und könnte hier evtl. mit „Umklammerung“ übersetzt werden.
  4. der erste Buchstabe (p) ist nicht sauber geschrieben. pern stossen = Bärenstoß?
  5. es fehlt die „fünfft tbirch“, Dafür hat das Stück zwischen der drit und der vierdt tbirch keine Nummerierung.
  6. 5. plötzlich, unversehens.
  7. hier zu lesen als: fringt = ringt.
  8. The addition is difficult to read on the document, but results from the Table of Contents
  9. von äbich: abstehend, verkehrt (Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Brothers Grimm)
  10. The following pictures are marked with numbers underneath. As on the original the numbering is difficult to read, it was omitted in the transcription of the plays.
  11. das „b“ bei „nymbt“ wurde nachträglich aus vermutlich ursprünglich „y“ verbessert
  12. alt: fulcrum
  13. das „h“ ist über das vermutete „g“ geschrieben
  14. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."
  15. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."