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'''Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano''' was a [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]. From this source, we know that he was a student of [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]] and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).<ref>[[Bert Gevaert]]. ''The True Principles of Combat: An underestimated martial arts treatise from the 16th century''. [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2020. pp 67-69.</ref>
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'''Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano''' was a [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::Polish]] [[fencing master]]. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]. From this source, we know that he was a student of [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]] and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).<ref>Gevaert 2020, pp. 67-69.</ref>
  
He is likely the author of a broadside titled ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens'' ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"), currently glued into a copy of the [[Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meyer)|1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer]].<ref>Cataloged under the signature Ⅱ 10.019 in the Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci in Olomouc, Czech Republic. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999</ref> It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P.
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He is likely the author of a broadside titled ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens'' ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"). It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P.; curiously, it includes many references to a diagram consisting of circles, triangles, and curved lines which is not present on the broadsheet but survives separately. The short Latin and German poems at the bottom also appear in Gunterrodt's works and he includes similar fencing teachings in his book, suggesting that the two texts are part of the same tradition.
  
Curiously, it also describes a diagram (not present in the book) which matches one glued onto [[:File:MS Dresd.C.15 04v.png|folio 4v]] of Gunterrodt's 1579 manuscript ([[Sciomachia_et_hoplomachia_(MS_Dresd.C.15)|MS Dresd.C.15]]), and the short Latin and German poems at the bottom are likewise included in Gunterrodt's work.
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It's unclear where or when these two documents were printed or distributed; the two known copies of the broadsheet and three known copies of the diagram were all inserted into copies of other fencing treatises. Both are glued into one surviving copy of Gunterrodt's book,<ref>MUE Bong IV 305:3. Bern University Library, Bern, Switzerland. http://slsp-ube.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/41SLSP_UBE/17e6d97/alma99116816396405511</ref> and copies of the diagram without the broadsheet are glued into another copy of Gunterrodt's book<ref>162 B Br. Kungliga biblioteket, Stockholm, Sweden. http://regina.kb.se/permalink/f/s96uu4/46KBS_ALEPH_DS004900327</ref> and [[Sciomachia_et_hoplomachia_(MS_Dresd.C.15)|his 1579 manuscript]]. The other known copy of the broadsheet is glued into a copy of [[Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meyer)|the 1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer]].<ref>II 10.019. Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci, Olomouc, Czechia. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999</ref>
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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<p>How this must be practiced and used according to this ordering with all weapons, as required by the workings and division of a man, as well as the division of the blade of every weapon, presented in a thorough explanation. However, those who want to learn and fence with the rapier alone must note the following rules and what they contain very thoroughly.</p>
 
<p>How this must be practiced and used according to this ordering with all weapons, as required by the workings and division of a man, as well as the division of the blade of every weapon, presented in a thorough explanation. However, those who want to learn and fence with the rapier alone must note the following rules and what they contain very thoroughly.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|1|lbl=Page}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|1|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| class="noline" | [[File:AusTeilung des Circkels.png|400px|center]]{{-}}
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| rowspan="6" | [[File:AusTeilung des Circkels.png|400px|center]]{{-}}
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
  
<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point {{black circle}}, or from the circumference to the centre {{black circle}}, with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.</li>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point {{black circle}}, or from the circumference to the centre {{black circle}}, with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.<br/><br/></li>
 
<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre {{black circle}}.<li>
 
<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre {{black circle}}.<li>
 
<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the {{black circle}}.</li></ol>
 
<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the {{black circle}}.</li></ol>
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| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
 
| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
  
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  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
 
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{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Latest revision as of 18:47, 12 November 2023

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano
Influences Johannes Herbart von Würzburg
Influenced Heinrich von Gunterrodt
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens
Translations Alternate English translation

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano was a 16th century Polish fencing master. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) Heinrich von Gunterrodt. From this source, we know that he was a student of Johannes Herbart von Würzburg and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).[1]

He is likely the author of a broadside titled Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"). It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P.; curiously, it includes many references to a diagram consisting of circles, triangles, and curved lines which is not present on the broadsheet but survives separately. The short Latin and German poems at the bottom also appear in Gunterrodt's works and he includes similar fencing teachings in his book, suggesting that the two texts are part of the same tradition.

It's unclear where or when these two documents were printed or distributed; the two known copies of the broadsheet and three known copies of the diagram were all inserted into copies of other fencing treatises. Both are glued into one surviving copy of Gunterrodt's book,[2] and copies of the diagram without the broadsheet are glued into another copy of Gunterrodt's book[3] and his 1579 manuscript. The other known copy of the broadsheet is glued into a copy of the 1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer.[4]

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Gevaert 2020, pp. 67-69.
  2. MUE Bong IV 305:3. Bern University Library, Bern, Switzerland. http://slsp-ube.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/41SLSP_UBE/17e6d97/alma99116816396405511
  3. 162 B Br. Kungliga biblioteket, Stockholm, Sweden. http://regina.kb.se/permalink/f/s96uu4/46KBS_ALEPH_DS004900327
  4. II 10.019. Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci, Olomouc, Czechia. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999