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{{infobox writer
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| name                = [[name::Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano]]
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| language            = [[language::Early New High German]]
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| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
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| subject              =
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| movement            =
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| notableworks        = ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens''
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| relatives            =
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| influences          = [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]]
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| influenced          = [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]
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| awards              =
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| signature            =
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| website              =
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| below                =
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'''Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano''' was a [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::Polish]] [[fencing master]]. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]. From this source, we know that he was a student of [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]] and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).<ref>[[Bert Gevaert]]. ''The True Principles of Combat: An underestimated martial arts treatise from the 16th century''. [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2020. pp 67-69.</ref>
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He is likely the author of a broadside titled ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens'' ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"); the only known copy is currently glued into a copy of the [[Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meyer)|1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer]].<ref>Cataloged under the signature Ⅱ 10.019 in the Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci in Olomouc, Czech Republic. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999</ref> It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P. Curiously, it also describes a diagram (not present in the book) which matches one glued onto [[:File:MS Dresd.C.15 04v.png|folio 4v]] of Gunterrodt's 1579 manuscript ([[Sciomachia_et_hoplomachia_(MS_Dresd.C.15)|MS Dresd.C.15]]), and the short Latin and German poems at the bottom are likewise included in Gunterrodt's work.
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== Treatise ==
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{{master begin
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| title = Broadside
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| width = 90em
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}}
 
{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustration<br/>from ''[[Sciomachia et hoplomachia (MS Dresd.C.15)|Sciomachia et hoplomachia]]''</p>
 
! <p>Illustration<br/>from ''[[Sciomachia et hoplomachia (MS Dresd.C.15)|Sciomachia et hoplomachia]]''</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|C}} (2019)<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]
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! <p>Transcription&nbsp;<span class="noprint plainlinks" style="font-weight:normal; font-size:85%;">&#91;[https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Page:Austeilunge_oder_Ordnunge_des_Zirckelfechtens_1.png edit]&#93;</span><br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Dresd.C.15 04v.png|400px|center]]
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|  
 
| <p>'''Exposition or ordering of the Circle fencing.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Exposition or ordering of the Circle fencing.'''</p>
  
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| rowspan="6" | [[File:AusTeilung des Circkels.png|400px|center]]{{-}}
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
  
<p>1. The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point , or from the circumference to the centre , with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point {{black circle}}, or from the circumference to the centre {{black circle}}, with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.</li>
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre {{black circle}}.<li>
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the {{black circle}}.</li></ol>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
| <p>2. Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre ●.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
|-
 
|
 
| <p>3. The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the ●.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
|
 
 
| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
 
| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
  
<p>1. Firstly, that you interchange the thrust with the hand, with a fore-cut. Radially, from the circumference to the centre.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Firstly, that you interchange the thrust with the hand, with a fore-cut. Radially, from the circumference to the centre.</li>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|5|lbl=-}}
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, that you set on with displacement. This shall be done before you touch the other’s blade, or when someone goes off the blade again, and pulls back the hand in all workings, whether thrusts or cuts. Radially, letters A, B, C, etc.</li>
 
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of the displacement of the thrusts is done with the half circle, and must be used when you thrust at someone’s hand, or on the blade, when with the thrusts, you go or wind through on either side of the hilt. Half-circle 1, 2.</li></ol>
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
| <p>2. Secondly, that you set on with displacement. This shall be done before you touch the other’s blade, or when someone goes off the blade again, and pulls back the hand in all workings, whether thrusts or cuts. Radially, letters A, B, C, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|-
 
|
 
| <p>3. The third manner of the displacement of the thrusts is done with the half circle, and must be used when you thrust at someone’s hand, or on the blade, when with the thrusts, you go or wind through on either side of the hilt. Half-circle 1, 2.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|7|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>'''Third Rule.''' After-work. After-thrust against all cuts and barring-thrusts. Figure 7 is here.</p>
 
| <p>'''Third Rule.''' After-work. After-thrust against all cuts and barring-thrusts. Figure 7 is here.</p>
  
 
<p>As often as I have displaced a thrust or cut correctly, I can give a thrust again with a good displacement on the blade to the openings on the body of my opponent, before he comes to the displacement again, as you are all taught.</p>
 
<p>As often as I have displaced a thrust or cut correctly, I can give a thrust again with a good displacement on the blade to the openings on the body of my opponent, before he comes to the displacement again, as you are all taught.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|8|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Fourth Rule.''' Fore-work of the cuts.</p>
 
| <p>'''Fourth Rule.''' Fore-work of the cuts.</p>
  
<p>1. Driving cuts at someone from above and below, from the middle, and from all places, cut at the opponent however you can and may. Diameters letters A, B, C, etc.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Driving cuts at someone from above and below, from the middle, and from all places, cut at the opponent however you can and may. Diameters letters A, B, C, etc.</li>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|9|lbl=-}}
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Half and full cut before someone, with the due edge. Radii letters A, B, C, etc. This is when, with the half and full edge, you cut to around from all capitals in the circle, on the blade.</li></ol>
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
| <p>2. Half and full cut before someone, with the due edge. Radii letters A, B, C, etc. This is when, with the half and full edge, you cut to around from all capitals in the circle, on the blade.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|10|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
|
 
 
| <p>'''Fifth Rule.''' Barring-cuts, or displacing[-cuts]. Triangle number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.</p>
 
| <p>'''Fifth Rule.''' Barring-cuts, or displacing[-cuts]. Triangle number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.</p>
  
 
<p>This is how you must displace all cuts that are struck from the circumference to the centre, only with the double or twofold triangle, though according to the particular divisions of both blades. This will be discussed orally, and not be set here duly. However, the four circles, from the centre to the edge of the circle, by the joining of the division. Then the triangle.</p>
 
<p>This is how you must displace all cuts that are struck from the circumference to the centre, only with the double or twofold triangle, though according to the particular divisions of both blades. This will be discussed orally, and not be set here duly. However, the four circles, from the centre to the edge of the circle, by the joining of the division. Then the triangle.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|11|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Sixth Rule.''' After cut and after-thrust against the upper barring-cuts, letters a, b, c, etc.</p>
 
| <p>'''Sixth Rule.''' After cut and after-thrust against the upper barring-cuts, letters a, b, c, etc.</p>
  
 
<p>This is, when with the triangle, you have displaces all cuts that are struck from above, properly according to the division of both blades, that without reaching back or twitching, you cut or thrust after, though in the right place in the blade. This will also be discussed orally, in person.</p>
 
<p>This is, when with the triangle, you have displaces all cuts that are struck from above, properly according to the division of both blades, that without reaching back or twitching, you cut or thrust after, though in the right place in the blade. This will also be discussed orally, in person.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|12|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|7|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|13|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|8|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
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| class="noline" |  
| <p>'''They who want to fence and grapple right,<br/>They divide the opponent and the blade.<br/>Thus, you will always persist well,<br/>When you can use this properly before your opponent.</p>
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| class="noline" | <p>'''They who want to fence and grapple right,<br/>They divide the opponent and the blade.<br/>Thus, you will always persist well,<br/>When you can use this properly before your opponent.</p>
  
<p>B. C. P.</p>
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<p>&emsp;&emsp;B[althasaro] C[ramonio] P[omerano]</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|14|lbl=-}}
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|9|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
</div>
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{{master end}}
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{{master begin
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| title = Copyright and License Summary
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| width = 100%
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}}
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
  
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  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
 
  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
  | source link =  
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  | source link = https://www.bruchius.com/
  | source title=  
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  | source title= ''Ense et Mente''
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        =  
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  | work        = Transcription
 
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
 
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title=  
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  | source title= Wiktenauer
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
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{{master end}}
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== Additional Resources ==
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== References ==
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{{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT: Pomerano, Balthasaro Cramonio}}
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[[Category:Masters]]
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[[Category:German]]
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[[Category:Rapier]]

Revision as of 03:10, 22 May 2022

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano
Influences Johannes Herbart von Würzburg
Influenced Heinrich von Gunterrodt
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano was a 16th century Polish fencing master. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) Heinrich von Gunterrodt. From this source, we know that he was a student of Johannes Herbart von Würzburg and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).[1]

He is likely the author of a broadside titled Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"); the only known copy is currently glued into a copy of the 1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer.[2] It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P. Curiously, it also describes a diagram (not present in the book) which matches one glued onto folio 4v of Gunterrodt's 1579 manuscript (MS Dresd.C.15), and the short Latin and German poems at the bottom are likewise included in Gunterrodt's work.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. Bert Gevaert. The True Principles of Combat: An underestimated martial arts treatise from the 16th century. Freelance Academy Press, 2020. pp 67-69.
  2. Cataloged under the signature Ⅱ 10.019 in the Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci in Olomouc, Czech Republic. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999