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Difference between revisions of "Fior di Battaglia (MS Ludwig XV 13)"
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{{Infobox manuscript | {{Infobox manuscript | ||
<!----------Name----------> | <!----------Name----------> | ||
− | | name | + | | name = [[name::Il Fior di Battaglia]] |
− | | location | + | | location = [[inventory::MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13]], [[museum::J. Paul Getty Museum]]<br/>Los Angeles, California |
<!----------Image----------> | <!----------Image----------> | ||
− | | image | + | | image = file:MS Ludwig XV 13 01r.jpg |
− | | width | + | | width = x200px |
− | | caption | + | | caption = Title page, fol. 1r |
+ | | keyimage = file:MS Ludwig XV 13 01r.jpg | ||
<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
− | | Index number | + | | Index number = [[WI::—]] |
− | | Hils' catalog | + | | Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::—]] |
− | | Beck catalog | + | | Hils' catalog = [[HK::—]] |
− | | Also known as | + | | Beck catalog = [[BC::—]] |
− | | Type | + | | Also known as = |
− | | Date | + | | Type = {{plainlist |
− | | Place of origin = Milan, Italy | + | | [[type::Fencing manual]] |
− | | Language(s) | + | | [[type::Wrestling manual]] |
− | | Scribe(s) | + | }} |
− | | Author(s) | + | | Date = [[year::1404|ca. 1404 (?)]] |
− | | Compiled by | + | | Place of origin = Milan, Italy |
− | | Illuminated by | + | | Language(s) = [[language::Middle Italian]] |
− | | Patron | + | | Scribe(s) = Unknown |
− | | Dedicated to | + | | Author(s) = [[author::Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
+ | | Compiled by = | ||
+ | | Illuminated by = [[artist::Michelino Molinari da Besozzo]] (or follower) | ||
+ | | Patron = | ||
+ | | Dedicated to = Niccolò III, Marquis d'Este | ||
<!----------Form and content----------> | <!----------Form and content----------> | ||
− | | Material | + | | Material = Parchment, in a pasteboard leather <br/>binding |
− | | Size | + | | Size = 47 [[folia]] (205 mm × 280 mm) |
− | | Format | + | | Format = Double-sided; four illustrations per side, <br/>with text above each |
− | | Condition | + | | Condition = |
− | | Script | + | | Script = |
− | | Contents | + | | Contents = |
− | | Illumination(s) = | + | | Illumination(s) = |
− | | Additions | + | | Additions = |
− | | Exemplar(s) | + | | Exemplar(s) = |
− | | Previously kept = | + | | Previously kept = |
− | | Discovered | + | | Discovered = |
− | | Website | + | | Website = [http://www.getty.edu/cona/CONAFullSubject.aspx?subid=700002326 Museum catalog entry] |
− | | Images | + | | Images = {{plainlist |
− | + | | [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj{{=}}1706 Digital scans] (3000x4500) | |
+ | | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:MS._LUDWIG_XV_13_%28Getty_museum%29_-_The_Flower_of_Battle Digital scans] (3000x4500) | ||
+ | | [http://www.googleartproject.com/artist/fiore-furlan-dei-liberi-da-premariacco/6826201/ Digital scans] (3000x4500) | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | '''''Fior di Battaglia''''' ("The Flower of Battle", MS Ludwig | + | | below = |
+ | }} | ||
+ | '''''Fior di Battaglia''''' ("The Flower of Battle", MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13) is an [[nationality::Italian]] [[fencing manual]] authored by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] and dedicated to Niccolò III, Marquis d'Este. The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[J. Paul Getty Museum]] in Los Angeles, California. MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 is written on parchment in a tidy [[humanist]] script; the illustrations are inked sketches with gold leafing on the crowns and garters. This manuscript is often referred to as the '''Getty Version'''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 contains the most content of any of the four known manuscripts of ''Fior di Battaglia''. The text takes the form of descriptive paragraphs set in poor Italian verse, which are nevertheless fairly clear and informative; its preface, format, illustrations, and text are all very similar to the [[Fior di Battaglia (MS M.383)|MS M.383]]. Despite their shared characteristics, however, there are important differences, not the least of which is the vastly different order of the information. This difference in sequence is often attributed to the fact that the preface indicates that it was laid out according to the wishes of Niccolò, whereas the MS M.383 claims to have been laid out according to Fiore's own intellect. | ||
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
− | The known provenance of the MS Ludwig | + | The known provenance of the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 is:<ref>Based in part on [[Matt Easton|Easton, Matt]]. "[http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/fiore/ Fiore dei Liberi - Fior di Battaglia - Flos Duellatorum]". [[Schola Gladiatoria]]. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</ref> |
− | * | + | * Possibly written in ca. 1404 for the Milanese diplomatic mission to Ferrara. |
− | * | + | * Possibly manuscript 253 in the 1436 catalog of the Estense Library, which had a red leather cover.<ref>''253. Libro uno da insignare de scremia afigurado et cum lettereper vulgare in membrana compilado per M° Fiore Furlano, coperto de chore roso.'' ("One book on teaching fencing, illustrated and in the vernacular, compiled by Master Fiore Furlano, covered in red leather.")</ref> |
− | |||
* before 1825 – owned by Luigi Celotti (sold London, [[Sotheby's]], 1825). | * before 1825 – owned by Luigi Celotti (sold London, [[Sotheby's]], 1825). | ||
* 1886-1966 – the MS 4202 in the collection of Thomas Phillipps (sold London, Sotheby's, 1966). | * 1886-1966 – the MS 4202 in the collection of Thomas Phillipps (sold London, Sotheby's, 1966). | ||
− | * 1966-1983 – the MS Ludwig | + | * 1966-1983 – the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 in the collection of Peter and Irene Ludwig. |
− | * 1983-present – the MS Ludwig | + | * 1983-present – the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 in the J. Paul Getty Museum. |
== Contents == | == Contents == | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatise" |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|1r - 2r]] | + | ! id="page" | [[Fiore de'i Liberi|1r - 2r]] |
− | | Preface by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | Preface by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|6r - 8r]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|6r - 8r]] | ||
− | | [[Grappling]] by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Grappling]] by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|8v]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|8v]] | ||
− | | Baton by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | Baton by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|9r - 18v]], | + | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|9r - 18v]], [[Fiore de'i Liberi|38rv]] |
− | | [[Dagger]] by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Dagger]] by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi| | + | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|19r - 20r]] |
− | | [[Longsword]] vs. dagger by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Longsword|Sword]] vs. dagger by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|20r - 21v]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|20r - 21v]] | ||
− | | | + | | Sword in one hand by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|22r - 32r]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|22r - 32r]] | ||
− | | | + | | Sword in two hands by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|32v - 35r]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|32v - 35r]] | ||
− | | [[Armored fencing]] by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Armored fencing|Sword in armor]] by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|35v - 37v]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|35v - 37v]] | ||
− | | [[ | + | | [[Axe]] in armor by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|39r - 40r]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|39r - 40r]] | ||
− | | [[Spear]] by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Spear]] by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|41r - 45v]], [[Fiore de'i Liberi|46v]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|41r - 45v]], [[Fiore de'i Liberi|46v]] | ||
− | | [[Mounted fencing]] by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | [[Mounted fencing]] by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|46r]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|46r]] | ||
− | | Spear vs. cavalry by Fiore de'i Liberi | + | | Spear vs. cavalry by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
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== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{collation}} | ||
Digital images courtesy of the Getty's [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=1706 Open Content Program] | Digital images courtesy of the Getty's [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=1706 Open Content Program] | ||
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}} |
{{image|Getty Ms. Ludwig XV 13 01v - Fiore dei Liberi - Decorated Text Page - Google Art Project.jpg|Folio 1v}} | {{image|Getty Ms. Ludwig XV 13 01v - Fiore dei Liberi - Decorated Text Page - Google Art Project.jpg|Folio 1v}} | ||
{{image|Getty Ms. Ludwig XV 13 02r - Fiore dei Liberi - Decorated Text Page - Google Art Project.jpg|Folio 2r}} | {{image|Getty Ms. Ludwig XV 13 02r - Fiore dei Liberi - Decorated Text Page - Google Art Project.jpg|Folio 2r}} | ||
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{{image|Blank|Folio 5r|ph=1}} | {{image|Blank|Folio 5r|ph=1}} | ||
{{image|Blank|Folio 5v|ph=1}} | {{image|Blank|Folio 5v|ph=1}} | ||
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 06r.jpg|Folio 6r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 06r.jpg|Folio 6r}} |
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− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 35v.jpg|Folio 35v}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 35v.jpg|Folio 35v}} |
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− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 38r.jpg|Folio 38r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 38r.jpg|Folio 38r}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 38v.jpg|Folio 38v}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 38v.jpg|Folio 38v}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 39r.jpg|Folio 39r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 39r.jpg|Folio 39r}} |
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− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 40r.jpg|Folio 40r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 40r.jpg|Folio 40r}} |
− | {{image|Blank|Folio 40v | + | {{image|ph=1|Blank|Folio 40v}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 41r.jpg|Folio 41r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 41r.jpg|Folio 41r}} |
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− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 45r.jpg|Folio 45r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 45r.jpg|Folio 45r}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 45v.jpg|Folio 45v}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 45v.jpg|Folio 45v}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 46r.jpg|Folio 46r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 46r.jpg|Folio 46r}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 46v.jpg|Folio 46v}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 46v.jpg|Folio 46v}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 47r.jpg|Folio 47r}} | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 47r.jpg|Folio 47r}} |
− | {{image|MS Ludwig XV 13 47v.jpg|Folio 47v | + | {{image|page=1|MS Ludwig XV 13 47v.jpg|Folio 47v}} |
− | |||
− | |||
== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
− | * | + | * Hatcher, Colin. ''The Flower of Battle: MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13''. Ed. Tracy Mellow. Tyrant Industries, 2017. ISBN 978-0-9847716-8-4 |
− | * | + | * Leoni, Tom. ''Fiore de’ Liberi’s Fior di Battaglia''. 1st ed. Lulu.com, 2009. 2nd ed. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2012. |
− | * Malipiero, Massimo (in Italian). ''Il Fior di battaglia di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale: Il Codice Ludwing | + | * Leoni, Tom and Mele, Greg. ''Flowers of Battle Volume 1: Historical Overview and the Getty Manuscript''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-937439-18-7 |
− | * | + | * Malipiero, Massimo (in Italian). ''Il Fior di battaglia di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale: Il Codice Ludwing ⅩⅤ 13 del J. Paul Getty Museum''. Udine: Ribis, 2006. ISBN 887-44503-5-4 |
− | * | + | * Mondschein, Ken. ''The Knightly Art of Battle''. Los Angeles: [[J. Paul Getty Museum]]. ISBN 978-160-60607-6-6 |
− | * [[ | + | * Палій, Людмила Іванівна (in Ukrainian). "Витоки художнього стилю ілюстрацій «Квітки Битви» майстра Фіоре Фріулано деі Лібері". ''Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету'' '''2'''(43): 84-102, 2020. {{doi|10.24144/2523-4498.2(43).2020.217366}} |
+ | * [[Marco Rubboli|Rubboli, Marco]]; [[Luca Cesari|Cesari, Luca]] (in Italian). ''Flos Duellatorum. Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del ⅩⅤ secolo''. Rome: [[Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali]], 2002. ISBN 88-8474-023-1 | ||
+ | * [[Guy Windsor|Windsor, Guy]]. ''From Medieval Manuscript to Modern Practice: The Longsword Techniques of Fiore dei Liberi''. Spada Press, 2020. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Copyright and License Summary == | ||
+ | |||
+ | For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}} | ||
+ | {{sourcebox | ||
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+ | | authors = [[J. Paul Getty Museum]] | ||
+ | | source link = | ||
+ | | source title= Digital images courtesy of the Getty's [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=1706 Open Content Program] | ||
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+ | }} | ||
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+ | | work = Transcription | ||
+ | | authors = Open for editing | ||
+ | | source link = | ||
+ | | source title= [[Index:Fior di Battaglia (MS Ludwig XV 13)]] | ||
+ | | license = noncommercial | ||
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[[Category:Treatises]] | [[Category:Treatises]] | ||
[[Category:Manuscripts]] | [[Category:Manuscripts]] |
Revision as of 21:05, 4 May 2021
Il Fior di Battaglia | |||||
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MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13, J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles, California | |||||
Title page, fol. 1r | |||||
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Type | |||||
Date | ca. 1404 (?) | ||||
Place of origin | Milan, Italy | ||||
Language(s) | Middle Italian | ||||
Author(s) | Fiore de'i Liberi | ||||
Scribe(s) | Unknown | ||||
Illustrator(s) | Michelino Molinari da Besozzo (or follower) | ||||
Dedicated to | Niccolò III, Marquis d'Este | ||||
Material | Parchment, in a pasteboard leather binding | ||||
Size | 47 folia (205 mm × 280 mm) | ||||
Format | Double-sided; four illustrations per side, with text above each | ||||
External data | Museum catalog entry | ||||
Treatise scans |
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Fior di Battaglia ("The Flower of Battle", MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13) is an Italian fencing manual authored by Fiore de'i Liberi and dedicated to Niccolò III, Marquis d'Este. The original currently rests in the holdings of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California. MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 is written on parchment in a tidy humanist script; the illustrations are inked sketches with gold leafing on the crowns and garters. This manuscript is often referred to as the Getty Version.
MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 contains the most content of any of the four known manuscripts of Fior di Battaglia. The text takes the form of descriptive paragraphs set in poor Italian verse, which are nevertheless fairly clear and informative; its preface, format, illustrations, and text are all very similar to the MS M.383. Despite their shared characteristics, however, there are important differences, not the least of which is the vastly different order of the information. This difference in sequence is often attributed to the fact that the preface indicates that it was laid out according to the wishes of Niccolò, whereas the MS M.383 claims to have been laid out according to Fiore's own intellect.
Contents
Provenance
The known provenance of the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 is:[1]
- Possibly written in ca. 1404 for the Milanese diplomatic mission to Ferrara.
- Possibly manuscript 253 in the 1436 catalog of the Estense Library, which had a red leather cover.[2]
- before 1825 – owned by Luigi Celotti (sold London, Sotheby's, 1825).
- 1886-1966 – the MS 4202 in the collection of Thomas Phillipps (sold London, Sotheby's, 1966).
- 1966-1983 – the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 in the collection of Peter and Irene Ludwig.
- 1983-present – the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Contents
1r - 2r | Preface by Fiore de'i Liberi |
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6r - 8r | Grappling by Fiore de'i Liberi |
8v | Baton by Fiore de'i Liberi |
9r - 18v, 38rv | Dagger by Fiore de'i Liberi |
19r - 20r | Sword vs. dagger by Fiore de'i Liberi |
20r - 21v | Sword in one hand by Fiore de'i Liberi |
22r - 32r | Sword in two hands by Fiore de'i Liberi |
32v - 35r | Sword in armor by Fiore de'i Liberi |
35v - 37v | Axe in armor by Fiore de'i Liberi |
39r - 40r | Spear by Fiore de'i Liberi |
41r - 45v, 46v | Mounted fencing by Fiore de'i Liberi |
46r | Spear vs. cavalry by Fiore de'i Liberi |
46v - 47r | Closing |
Gallery
Digital images courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program
Additional Resources
- Hatcher, Colin. The Flower of Battle: MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13. Ed. Tracy Mellow. Tyrant Industries, 2017. ISBN 978-0-9847716-8-4
- Leoni, Tom. Fiore de’ Liberi’s Fior di Battaglia. 1st ed. Lulu.com, 2009. 2nd ed. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2012.
- Leoni, Tom and Mele, Greg. Flowers of Battle Volume 1: Historical Overview and the Getty Manuscript. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-937439-18-7
- Malipiero, Massimo (in Italian). Il Fior di battaglia di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale: Il Codice Ludwing ⅩⅤ 13 del J. Paul Getty Museum. Udine: Ribis, 2006. ISBN 887-44503-5-4
- Mondschein, Ken. The Knightly Art of Battle. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-160-60607-6-6
- Палій, Людмила Іванівна (in Ukrainian). "Витоки художнього стилю ілюстрацій «Квітки Битви» майстра Фіоре Фріулано деі Лібері". Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету 2(43): 84-102, 2020. doi:10.24144/2523-4498.2(43).2020.217366
- Rubboli, Marco; Cesari, Luca (in Italian). Flos Duellatorum. Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del ⅩⅤ secolo. Rome: Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali, 2002. ISBN 88-8474-023-1
- Windsor, Guy. From Medieval Manuscript to Modern Practice: The Longsword Techniques of Fiore dei Liberi. Spada Press, 2020.
References
- ↑ Based in part on Easton, Matt. "Fiore dei Liberi - Fior di Battaglia - Flos Duellatorum". Schola Gladiatoria. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ↑ 253. Libro uno da insignare de scremia afigurado et cum lettereper vulgare in membrana compilado per M° Fiore Furlano, coperto de chore roso. ("One book on teaching fencing, illustrated and in the vernacular, compiled by Master Fiore Furlano, covered in red leather.")
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
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Images | J. Paul Getty Museum | Digital images courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program | |
Transcription | Open for editing | Index:Fior di Battaglia (MS Ludwig XV 13) |