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| birthdate            = 15th century
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| birthdate            =  
 
| birthplace          =  
 
| birthplace          =  
| deathdate            = 16th century
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| notableworks        =  
 
| notableworks        =  
 
| archetype            =  
 
| archetype            =  
| manuscript(s)        = [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Codex I.6.2º.5]] (1539)
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| manuscript(s)        = [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. I.6.2º.5]] (ca. 1500)
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| first printed edition=  
 
| first printed edition=  
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| relatives            =  
 
| relatives            =  
 
| influences          = {{plainlist
 
| influences          = {{plainlist
 +
| [[Nicolaus]]
 +
| [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
 
  | [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]]
 
  | [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]]
| [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
| influenced          =  
 
| influenced          =  
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| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Hans Medel von Salzburg''' (Hans Niedel, Hans Mendel) was an early [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. Salzburg is a city in northern Austria, and he seems to have operated as a burgher and ''Schirmmeister'' there from at least 1503.<ref>''Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde'', vol. 40. Salzburg, 1900. p 177.</ref> Little else is known about this master, but he seems to have been associated with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. He may have traced his lineage through [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]], a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]],<ref>The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of [[Paulus Kal]]'s treatise: [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1460s), [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1570]] (ca. 1470), and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s).</ref> as Medel's text is the only known source that mentions the earlier master's teachings.
+
'''Hans Medel von Salzburg''' (Hans Niedel, Hans Mendel) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. Little is known about this master, but he seems to have been associated with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. He may have traced his lineage through [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]], a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]],<ref>The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of [[Paulus Kal]]'s treatise: [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1460s), [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1570]] (ca. 1470), and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s).</ref> as Medel's text is the only known source that mentions teachings from the earlier master.
 +
 
 +
Medel's name is attached to a manuscript fencing treatise from the late 15th or early 16th century, including an incomplete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on the long sword and an addendum on fencing based on "the Seven Stances"; it seems to have been written by a student or associate of Medel rather than the master himself. This gloss is unique in the Liechtenauer tradition in that it not only offers unique commentary on the Recital, but also both quotes and occasionally criticizes or corrects the earlier glosses of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] and [[Nicolaüs]]. The gloss specifically describes a teaching of Hans Seydenfaden or Hans Medel in a few places, but in several more it merely attributes the teaching to "Master Hans" without indicating which one.
  
Medel's name is attached to a manuscript treatise on swordsmanship from 1539, including an incomplete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] and an addendum on fencing based on "the Seven Stances". This gloss is unique in the Liechtenauer tradition in that it not only offers direct commentary on the Recital, but also demonstrates an awareness of the earlier glosses of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] (from which a great deal of text is lifted) and [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], and even includes occasional criticisms of and corrections to their teachings. In a few places the gloss specifically describes a teaching of Hans Seydenfaden or Hans Medel, but in several more it merely attributes the teaching to "Master Hans" without indicating which one. This manuscript eventually passed into the library of [[Paulus Hector Mair]], who bound it into the current [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Codex I.6.2º.5]] some time after 1566; unfortunately, the extant fragment of the gloss terminates abruptly at the beginning of the section on Zucken, and the remainder of Medel's gloss is currently lost.
+
This manuscript eventually passed into the library of [[Paulus Hector Mair]], who seems to have acquired it in 1539 and bound it into the current [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Codex I.6.2º.5]] some time after 1566; unfortunately, the extant fragment of the gloss terminates abruptly at the beginning of the section on drawing back, and the remainder is currently lost.
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Long Sword Gloss
 
  | title = Long Sword Gloss
  | width = 84em
+
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Transcription]]{{edit index|Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)}}<br/>by [[Andreas Engström]], [[Anton Kohutovič]], <br/>and [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Transcription]]{{edit index|Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)}}<br/>by [[Andreas Engström]], [[Anton Kohutovič]], <br/>and [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.2º.5_23r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.2º.5_23r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
| <section begin="wrath-1"/><p>'''The text on the wrath-hew with its plays and works.'''<br/><br/></p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-1"/><p>'''The text on the wrath-hew with its plays and works.'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| ''To the head, to the body<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the biters''<ref>Zeck: a biting insect, ie: a tick.</ref>
 
| ''To the head, to the body<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the biters''<ref>Zeck: a biting insect, ie: a tick.</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>'''Gloss:''' When one will strike you to the head from his right side with an over-hew, so you hew as well against it with a wrath-hew from your right side (especially if he defends softly on the sword) and in the hew, launch the wrath-point into his face and thrust.<includeonly></p></includeonly><section end="wrath-1"/> <section begin="wrath-2"/><includeonly><p></includeonly>If he then sees it and notices and displaces, then take-off above and strike around it from your left shoulder to his right with the short edge if it goes nearer<ref>alt: closer, sooner</ref> than the other. And break the biters to the head, to the body if you can. You may also properly take-off with the long edge, there after striking or severing<ref>this is usually the term for the severing of limbs/extremities, though it can mean hewing while exiting</ref> from him, etc.</p><section end="wrath-2"/>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' When one will fell you with an over-hew to the head from his right side, then you hew as well against it with a wrath-hew from your right side (especially if he stays soft against the sword) and in the hew, launch the wrath-point into his face and thrust.<includeonly></p></includeonly><section end="wrath-1"/> <section begin="wrath-2"/><includeonly><p></includeonly>If he subsequently sees it and notices and displaces, then take-off above and strike around it from your left shoulder to his right with the short edge if it goes nearer<ref>alt: closer, sooner</ref> than the other. And break the biters to the head, to the body if you can. You may also properly take-off colliding with the long edge, there after warring or separating<ref>this is usually the term for the severing of limbs/extremities, though it can mean hewing while exiting or just separating</ref> from him, etc.</p><section end="wrath-2"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 23r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 23r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Item. The wrath-hew is nothing other than a strong wrathful over-hew like a simple peasant strike and is obscurely named in the record for the over-hew. The same as with the other four hews that will follow hereafter with their particular names. So that they, with their principals and plays, are not common to everyone.</p><section end="wrath-3"/>
+
| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Item. The wrath-hew is nothing other than a strong wrathful over-hew like a simple peasant strike and is obscurely named in the record for the over-hew. The same as with the other four hews that will follow hereafter with their particular names. So that they, with their principles and plays, are not common to everyone.</p><section end="wrath-3"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 23v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 23v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
  
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| ''Thwart with the strong.<br/>&emsp;With that, remember your work.''
 
| ''Thwart with the strong.<br/>&emsp;With that, remember your work.''
 
|}
 
|}
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is about how you shall break strengthening with one of many thwart-strike and work strongly and like this in particular when he will initiate a strike from above downwards like from-the-roof. So run inside against his hew strongly with the thwart just like the cut only that your thumb is underneath; and with that, strike him upon his left side or head. Thereafter if he strengthens a lot against you atop of that, then hang well and strike him from the hanging to his right side and tread with the left foot well to his right, etc, viz:<ref>videlicet: namely; to wit</ref> Hew-off<ref>abhauen: to sever or to hew in exit</ref> or War, etc.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is about how you shall strengthen, break and work strongly with any thwart-strike and like this in particular: when he will initiate a strike from above downwards like from-the-roof. So run inside against his hew strongly with the thwart just like the cut only that your thumb is underneath; and with that, strike him upon his left side or head. Thereafter if he strengthens a lot against you atop of that, then hang well and strike him from the hanging to his right side and tread with the left foot well to his right, etc, viz:<ref>videlicet: namely; to wit</ref> Hew-off<ref>abhauen: to sever or to hew in exit</ref> or War, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 27v.jpg|1|lbl=27v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 27v.jpg|1|lbl=27v}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Master Hans makes one thing out of the fool from-the-roof like this: When he stands with the right foot forwards, then he guilelessly hews-down from-the-roof and hews-through before him upon the left side in the fool. This he calls the 'fool from the roof' and makes no more than three positions. And how you shall fence from the guards or positions, you shall find that before and herafter. Also in particular, you may make your work from those as it follows hereafter in the seven stances. Therein other positions are handled if someone will break yours<ref>your leger</ref></p>, etc.
+
| <p>Master Hans makes one thing out of the fool from-the-roof like this: When he stands with the right foot forwards, then he guilelessly hews-down from-the-roof and hews-through before him upon the left side in the fool. This he calls the 'fool from the roof' and makes no more than three positions. And how you shall fence from the guards or positions, you shall find that before and herafter. Also in particular, you may make your work from those as it follows hereafter in the seven stances. Therein other positions are handled if someone will break yours<ref>your leger</ref>, etc. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 32r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 32r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>'''About the Disengaging'''</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>'''About the Disengaging'''</p>
  
 
<p>[text ends]</p>
 
<p>[text ends]</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Seven Stances
 
  | title = Seven Stances
  | width = 84em
+
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Transcription]]{{edit index|Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)}}<br/>by [[Anton Kohutovič]], [[Andreas Engström]], <br/>and [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Transcription]]{{edit index|Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)}}<br/>by [[Anton Kohutovič]], [[Andreas Engström]], <br/>and [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>But if you do not wish to cut, then mutate. But if he is from the right, then double him. If you do not wish to cut, then break him and strike. But if he will thrust from his left side and not disengage, then wind-in crooked against him, etc. You may also go-up or offset into yours when he thrust upon you, also disengaging and striking, etc. War.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>But if you do not wish to cut, then mutate. But if he is from the right, then double him. If you do not wish to cut, then break him and strike. But if he will thrust from his left side and not disengage, then wind-in crooked against him, etc. You may also go-up or offset into yours when he thrust upon you, also disengaging and striking, etc. War.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 42v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 42v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = Images
+
  | work        = Illustrations
 
  | authors    = [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]]
 
  | authors    = [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]]
 
  | source link = http://www.nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-uba002007-6
 
  | source link = http://www.nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-uba002007-6
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[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
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 +
[[Category:New format]]

Revision as of 19:16, 5 June 2021

Hans Medel von Salzburg

A play from Medel's fencing manual
Occupation Fencing master
Citizenship Salzburg, Germany
Movement Liechtenauer tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s) Cod. I.6.2º.5 (ca. 1500)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Magyar fordítás

Hans Medel von Salzburg (Hans Niedel, Hans Mendel) was a 15th century German fencing master. Little is known about this master, but he seems to have been associated with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He may have traced his lineage through Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer,[1] as Medel's text is the only known source that mentions teachings from the earlier master.

Medel's name is attached to a manuscript fencing treatise from the late 15th or early 16th century, including an incomplete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword and an addendum on fencing based on "the Seven Stances"; it seems to have been written by a student or associate of Medel rather than the master himself. This gloss is unique in the Liechtenauer tradition in that it not only offers unique commentary on the Recital, but also both quotes and occasionally criticizes or corrects the earlier glosses of Sigmund ain Ringeck and Nicolaüs. The gloss specifically describes a teaching of Hans Seydenfaden or Hans Medel in a few places, but in several more it merely attributes the teaching to "Master Hans" without indicating which one.

This manuscript eventually passed into the library of Paulus Hector Mair, who seems to have acquired it in 1539 and bound it into the current Codex I.6.2º.5 some time after 1566; unfortunately, the extant fragment of the gloss terminates abruptly at the beginning of the section on drawing back, and the remainder is currently lost.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. alt: right
  3. alt: side
  4. alt: defense
  5. the artist/professional doing their work
  6. alt: gladly valuing in the arts
  7. alt: gladly valuing with kindness
  8. alt: right
  9. alt: weapon
  10. eindrohen: to imminently threaten
  11. Zeck: a biting insect, ie: a tick.
  12. alt: closer, sooner
  13. this is usually the term for the severing of limbs/extremities, though it can mean hewing while exiting or just separating
  14. widerschlagen: to strike against, in a reverberating sense
  15. rechnen: compute, take into account, align
  16. towards
  17. In the standard verse it is 'ab', not 'fast'
  18. severely, precisely, ruthlessly, violently
  19. videlicet: namely; to wit
  20. abhauen: to sever or to hew in exit
  21. alt: high
  22. aufsitzen: to sit on top of something. A rider was sometimes called an 'Aufsitzer'
  23. ausheben: lift out
  24. conjecture, possibly: 'neben'
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 The text here is hidden by a crease in the page.
  26. alt: breaks-apart, shatters, asunders; burgles; interrupts
  27. ansiegen: to return with victory
  28. glance, discern, glean
  29. Ochs
  30. Ochs
  31. Ochs
  32. could also mean 'carelessly'
  33. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  34. across
  35. across
  36. your leger
  37. rappen: to gather, to snatch, to seize
  38. no apparent verb here. A similar construction appears below with the added phrase: "set-upon upon the four endings to both sides"
  39. alt: flying
  40. mitmachen: join, unite, combine, participate
  41. alternately: old
  42. marginalia: 'malz' => bad, weak
  43. Or possibly "maler"
  44. Here some pages apparently have been lost, unfortunately.
  45. alt: across
  46. alt: inside
  47. alt: across
  48. uncross your hands