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Difference between revisions of "Augsburg Group"

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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Grappling
 
  | title = Grappling
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{| class="master"
 
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! <p>Images</p>
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! <p>Images</p>
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! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| '''[74r]''' Item aber gar ein gut vnterhalten als wen ainer gevangen hie so magstu drey mann also halten ob sy schon harnasch an hietn vnd ist auch ein grosse pein ob man ainem geren wee wolt thün alz es hie gemalt stenn den geschicht oft nott
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| class="noline" | '''[74r]''' Item aber gar ein gut vnterhalten als wen ainer gevangen hie so magstu drey mann also halten ob sy schon harnasch an hietn vnd ist auch ein grosse pein ob man ainem geren wee wolt thün alz es hie gemalt stenn den geschicht oft nott
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Dagger
 
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! <p>Images</p>
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, one holds you by the collar and stabs after your face.
 
| Note, one holds you by the collar and stabs after your face.
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, one holds you by the collar and will thrust at you,  so wind with your right inverted hand up and under his dagger and step with the right foot behind him, as there depicted stands . So throw him on the back and take the dagger.
 
| Note, one holds you by the collar and will thrust at you,  so wind with your right inverted hand up and under his dagger and step with the right foot behind him, as there depicted stands . So throw him on the back and take the dagger.
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| [[File:MS 26-232 66v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 66v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, one runs at you with a dagger and stabs after your face. Then wind with your right turned hand up under his dagger and grab him with your hand on his elbow, and wind on, as there depicted stands, and step forward so you take the dagger and break his arm.
 
| Note, one runs at you with a dagger and stabs after your face. Then wind with your right turned hand up under his dagger and grab him with your hand on his elbow, and wind on, as there depicted stands, and step forward so you take the dagger and break his arm.
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| [[File:MS 26-232 66v-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 66v-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
|Note, one stabs you above after the face. So wind with your left hand up behind his dagger and grab him with your right hand on his elbow, as there  stands depicted. So wrench the dagger from him and break the arm off.
 
|Note, one stabs you above after the face. So wind with your left hand up behind his dagger and grab him with your right hand on his elbow, as there  stands depicted. So wrench the dagger from him and break the arm off.
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 64v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 64v-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, one stabs after your stomach. So fall in with your left inverted hand on his dagger and wind in around and grab him with your right hand after his elbow, as there stands depicted. So you take his dagger and break his arm.
 
| Note, one stabs after your stomach. So fall in with your left inverted hand on his dagger and wind in around and grab him with your right hand after his elbow, as there stands depicted. So you take his dagger and break his arm.
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 50r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 50r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, one stabs to you from above. So wind on in with your inverted dagger under his dagger and go quickly meanwhile and grab him with your left hand. around his right arm, on your  right arm, and step with your right foot behind him and shove him backwards, as stands depicted. So break his arm and throw him.
 
| Note, one stabs to you from above. So wind on in with your inverted dagger under his dagger and go quickly meanwhile and grab him with your left hand. around his right arm, on your  right arm, and step with your right foot behind him and shove him backwards, as stands depicted. So break his arm and throw him.
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|Note, one stabs you from above after the neck. So grasp your dagger with <sup>1</sup>armed hand and catch the stab thereon and go fast meanwhile and wind your point over his arm. So you break the dagger from him as there stands depicted.<br><br><sup>1</sup> One hand on the handle and one hand on the blade.   
 
|Note, one stabs you from above after the neck. So grasp your dagger with <sup>1</sup>armed hand and catch the stab thereon and go fast meanwhile and wind your point over his arm. So you break the dagger from him as there stands depicted.<br><br><sup>1</sup> One hand on the handle and one hand on the blade.   
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 64r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 64r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
|Note, one stabs after you below at the stomach. So fall in with your inverted  hand with the dagger on his dagger and wind in up high and step with your  right foot behind him as stands depicted. So throw him on the back.
 
|Note, one stabs after you below at the stomach. So fall in with your inverted  hand with the dagger on his dagger and wind in up high and step with your  right foot behind him as stands depicted. So throw him on the back.
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| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 41r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Note, you are held by two by each arm and the third will stab you. So you hold fast by the two and thrust with your dagger with a foot in the groin and step behind one with a foot and throw him on the back and thrust the third with a <sup>1</sup>fatal technique as stands depicted. So you are free and come from them all three without harm.<br><br><sup>1</sup> Literal translation is “death-technique”
 
| Note, you are held by two by each arm and the third will stab you. So you hold fast by the two and thrust with your dagger with a foot in the groin and step behind one with a foot and throw him on the back and thrust the third with a <sup>1</sup>fatal technique as stands depicted. So you are free and come from them all three without harm.<br><br><sup>1</sup> Literal translation is “death-technique”
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| '''[67v]''' 20
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Dagger vs. Messer
 
  | title = Dagger vs. Messer
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
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| '''[92r]''' 56
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Messer
 
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
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| [[File:MS 26-232 75r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 75r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Item; one hews at you with a messer after your head. So parry, your thumb on the flat of your messer, and catch the strike on the nail, as stands depicted there, so you may thereafter work what you will, as you find hereafter.
 
| Item; one hews at you with a messer after your head. So parry, your thumb on the flat of your messer, and catch the strike on the nail, as stands depicted there, so you may thereafter work what you will, as you find hereafter.
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| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 043v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 85r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 85r-b.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Item; one runs quickly on you, so do as you will hew him after the head, and turn yourself completely around before him, and hew him long on his arm, as stands depicted there.
 
| Item; one runs quickly on you, so do as you will hew him after the head, and turn yourself completely around before him, and hew him long on his arm, as stands depicted there.
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| '''[84r]''' 38
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Messer vs. Sword
 
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}}
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
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| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 044v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 88r.png|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 88r.png|300px|center]]
 
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| '''[90r]''' 50
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{{master begin
 
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
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| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 056v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 7v-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 7v-a.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| Item. If someone strongly binds upon you above and remains standing in the sensing, throw your pommel behind his hilt and grasp with your left hand upon his right elbow and wind up and step forward with the right foot, as is pictured there. Thus you break away<ref>abbrechen: to break off (destroy by breaking); to pluck, pull, tear or snip off</ref> his arm and throw him.
 
| Item. If someone strongly binds upon you above and remains standing in the sensing, throw your pommel behind his hilt and grasp with your left hand upon his right elbow and wind up and step forward with the right foot, as is pictured there. Thus you break away<ref>abbrechen: to break off (destroy by breaking); to pluck, pull, tear or snip off</ref> his arm and throw him.
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| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 021v.jpg|300px|center]]
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| [[File:MS 26-232 61r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
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| class="noline" | [[File:MS 26-232 61r-a.jpg|300px|center]]
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| Item. A good sword taking. When someone binds upon you upon the sword, fall with your left hand into both swords' blades and go with the pommel and the right hand below through his sword and pull backwards, as is pictured here. Thus you take the sword away from him.
+
| class="noline" | Item. A good sword taking. When someone binds upon you upon the sword, fall with your left hand into both swords' blades and go with the pommel and the right hand below through his sword and pull backwards, as is pictured here. Thus you take the sword away from him.
−
| '''[21v]''' Item ein gucz swert nemen. Wenn dir ainer an das swert pint, so val im mit deiner tencken hant in paid swercz klingen und gee mit dem knopf und mit der rechten hant unten durch sein swert und zeuch hinter sich, als hie gemalt stet, so nimstu im das swert.
+
| class="noline" | '''[21v]''' Item ein gucz swert nemen. Wenn dir ainer an das swert pint, so val im mit deiner tencken hant in paid swercz klingen und gee mit dem knopf und mit der rechten hant unten durch sein swert und zeuch hinter sich, als hie gemalt stet, so nimstu im das swert.
−
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Revision as of 23:41, 6 October 2020

Nuremberg Group
Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
Codex Wallerstein, ff 20v - 21r
Author(s)
Compiled by
Illustrated by
Date ca. 1470s
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical; several
fragmentary copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

The Nuremberg Group is a series of 15th and 16th century German manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Nuremberg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two sections of the Codex Wallerstein are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of Albrecht Dürer. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the Glasgow Fechtbuch, which is comprised of material not drawn from Wallerstein, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.

Despite the existence of several fencing manuals describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. A master Hartman von Nuremberg is mentioned by Paulus Kal as a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer,[1] but no writings of his that might demonstrate a connection to the tradition are known to exist. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the Marxbrüder fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.[2] In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is Antonius Rast, a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by Paulus Hector Mair, and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.

Treatises

The Wrocław Codex 1246 was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, Friedrich Dörnhöffer referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the MS 26-232; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation Br.

While the Berlin Sketchbook contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Nuremberg tradition including Hans Talhoffer's writings and a series of anonymous sword and buckler images. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it, and are omitted here.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ Kal, Paulus. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. ↑ J. Christoph Amberger. "The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age". Fencers Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  3. ↑ dauchen : drücken, niederdrücken.
  4. ↑ Im Fechten gibt es den Zwerhau, der in dieser Handschrift als Twir bezeichnet wird, in anderen Quellen aber auch Twirch geschrieben wird, von zwerch = schräg, quer. Zum einen würde diese Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ringen hier keinen wirklichen Sinn ergeben, zum anderen wäre die Schreibweise mit „b“, auch wenn dieses stimmlos gesprochen werden kann, äußerst ungewöhnlich. Im Rheinischen Wörterbuch findet sich dagegen der Begriff Pirch = Pferch = Einzäunung. Diese Bedeutung ergibt im Ringen mehr Sinn und könnte hier evtl. mit „Umklammerung“ übersetzt werden.
  5. ↑ der erste Buchstabe (p) ist nicht sauber geschrieben. pern stossen = Bärenstoß?
  6. ↑ es fehlt die „fünfft tbirch“, Dafür hat das Stück zwischen der drit und der vierdt tbirch keine Nummerierung.
  7. ↑ 5. plötzlich, unversehens.
  8. ↑ hier zu lesen als: fringt = ringt.
  9. ↑ The addition is difficult to read on the document, but results from the Table of Contents
  10. ↑ von äbich: abstehend, verkehrt (Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Brothers Grimm)
  11. ↑ The following pictures are marked with numbers underneath. As on the original the numbering is difficult to read, it was omitted in the transcription of the plays.
  12. ↑ possibly pull down or wrench.
  13. ↑ gripping the sword
  14. ↑ das „b“ bei „nymbt“ wurde nachträglich aus vermutlich ursprünglich „y“ verbessert
  15. ↑ das „h“ ist über das vermutete „g“ geschrieben
  16. ↑ possibly past
  17. ↑ Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."
  18. ↑ Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."
  19. ↑ abbrechen: to break off (destroy by breaking); to pluck, pull, tear or snip off
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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