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Difference between revisions of "Augsburg Group"

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| '''Weak'''
 
| '''Weak'''
  
Item. If you bind another upon the sword, assay whether he is soft or hard. If he is hard, wind into his face as was written before. If he is soft, seek the weak of his sword and wind over him to you left side as is pictured here, thus you may snap behind<ref>lit. 'after', possibly 'towards'</ref> the head and seek the opening.
+
Item. If you bind another upon the sword, assay whether he is soft or hard. If he is hard, wind into his face as was written before. If he is soft, seek the weak of his sword and wind over him to you left side as is pictured here, thus you may snap to the head and seek the opening.
 
| '''[4r] Swech.'''
 
| '''[4r] Swech.'''
  
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 7r.png|200px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 7r.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 32r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 32r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
| rowspan="2" | Item. If you bind another in the sword and he winds in to you to the face with his short edge, wind high up as well in the air and when he rises up and will parry, hew to him a stolen hew behind his elbows, as is pictured here.
+
| rowspan="2" | Item. If you bind another in the sword and he winds in to you to the face with his short edge, wind high up as well in the air and when he rises up and will parry, hew to him a stolen hew to his elbows, as is pictured here.
 
| rowspan="2" | '''[7r]''' Item pincztu ainem in das swert und er wint dir ein zu dem gesicht mit seiner kurczen sneid, so wint auch hoch auf in dy hoch und, wen er auf vert und wil das verseczen, so hau im einen verzuckten hau nach seinen elpogen, alz hie gemalt stet.
 
| rowspan="2" | '''[7r]''' Item pincztu ainem in das swert und er wint dir ein zu dem gesicht mit seiner kurczen sneid, so wint auch hoch auf in dy hoch und, wen er auf vert und wil das verseczen, so hau im einen verzuckten hau nach seinen elpogen, alz hie gemalt stet.
 
| '''[32r-a]''' [No text]
 
| '''[32r-a]''' [No text]
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| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 7v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 7v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 7r-b.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 7r-b.jpg|200px|center]]
| Item. If you have hewed another behind the elbows as is previously pictured, if he has then parries the hew, shove his sword down with the hilt and fall to him with the pommel and with both arms above and position the short edge upon the neck and enter as is pictured here.
+
| Item. If you have hewed another to the elbows as is previously pictured, if he has then parries the hew, shove his sword down with the hilt and fall to him with the pommel and with both arms above and position the short edge upon the neck and enter as is pictured here.
 
| '''[7v]''' Item so du ainem nach dem elpogen hast gehauen, als da hinden gemalt stet, verseczt er denn (dann) den hau, so stoß im sein swert nider mit deinem gehilz und vall im mit dem knopff und mit paiden armen über und leg im dy kurcz sneid an den hals und zeuch in, als hie gemalt stet.
 
| '''[7v]''' Item so du ainem nach dem elpogen hast gehauen, als da hinden gemalt stet, verseczt er denn (dann) den hau, so stoß im sein swert nider mit deinem gehilz und vall im mit dem knopff und mit paiden armen über und leg im dy kurcz sneid an den hals und zeuch in, als hie gemalt stet.
 
| '''[7r-b]''' [No text]
 
| '''[7r-b]''' [No text]
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| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 8r.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 8r.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 64r-b.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 64r-b.jpg|200px|center]]
| Item. One more device. When you threaten him behind the elbows and he parries the hew, remain standing with your sword upon his and step forward with the right foot as if you wish to strike him to the other side and slice out from him behind his left ear as is pictured here. This is called the outer taking.
+
| Item. One more device. When you threaten him to the elbows and he parries the hew, remain standing with your sword upon his and step forward with the right foot as if you wish to strike him to the other side and slice out from him to his left ear as is pictured here. This is called the outer taking.
 
| '''[8r]''' Item mer ein stuck. Wen du im nach dem elpogen siechst und er vercezt (versetzt) den hau, so pleib sten mit deinem swert an den seinen und trit für mit dem rechten fuß, als welstu im zu der andern seiten slachen, und sneid im auß nach seinen tencken oren, als hie gemalt stet. Das haist die ausser mynn.
 
| '''[8r]''' Item mer ein stuck. Wen du im nach dem elpogen siechst und er vercezt (versetzt) den hau, so pleib sten mit deinem swert an den seinen und trit für mit dem rechten fuß, als welstu im zu der andern seiten slachen, und sneid im auß nach seinen tencken oren, als hie gemalt stet. Das haist die ausser mynn.
 
| '''[25r-a]''' [No text]
 
| '''[25r-a]''' [No text]
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| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 8v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 8v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 65r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 65r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
| Item. One more such device. When you threaten him behind the elbows, if he then parries the strike, lift high with both hands and allow your left hand to go and fall over the both of his arms and strike behind your left side and thrust though with your sword between your and his and lay the sword upon his neck as is pictured here. Thus you break his arm away and slice away his neck.
+
| Item. One more such device. When you threaten him to the elbows, if he then parries the strike, lift high with both hands and allow your left hand to go and fall over the both of his arms and strike behind your left side and thrust though with your sword between your and his and lay the sword upon his neck as is pictured here. Thus you break his arm away and slice away his neck.
 
| '''[8v]''' Item mer ein solichs stuck. Wen du im nach dem elpogen siechst, verseczt er den den slag, so var hoch auf mit deinen paiden henden und laß dein tencke hand varen und vall im über sein paid armen und slachs hinter dein tencke seiten und stich mit deinem swert zbischen (zwischen) dein und sein durch und leg im das swert an den hals, als hie gemalt stet, so prichstu im den arm ab und sneist (schneidest) im den hals ab.
 
| '''[8v]''' Item mer ein solichs stuck. Wen du im nach dem elpogen siechst, verseczt er den den slag, so var hoch auf mit deinen paiden henden und laß dein tencke hand varen und vall im über sein paid armen und slachs hinter dein tencke seiten und stich mit deinem swert zbischen (zwischen) dein und sein durch und leg im das swert an den hals, als hie gemalt stet, so prichstu im den arm ab und sneist (schneidest) im den hals ab.
 
| '''[13v]''' [No text]
 
| '''[13v]''' [No text]
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| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 9v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 9v.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 10v-a.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Libr.Pict.A.83 10v-a.jpg|200px|center]]
| Item. If someone has threatened you behind the elbows and grasps your sword with their left hand as before and wishes to thrust through between you and him behind the neck as before, grasp his sword's blade in your left hand and lay the same upon his neck, as is pictured here, and step behind him. Thus you throw him upon his back.<ref>Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."</ref>
+
| Item. If someone has threatened you to the elbows and grasps your sword with their left hand as before and wishes to thrust through between you and him to<ref>possibly past</ref> the neck as before, grasp his sword's blade in your left hand and lay the same upon his neck, as is pictured here, and step behind him. Thus you throw him upon his back.<ref>Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."</ref>
 
| '''[10r]''' Item so dir ainer nach dem elpogen hat geschlagen und vächt (fängt) dir dein swert mit seiner tencken hant, als vor, und wil zbischen (zwischen) dir und in durchstechen nach deinen hals, als vor, so vach sein swercz klingen in dein tencke hant und leg ims selb an seinen hals, als da hie gemalt stet, und hinter trit in, so würfstu in auf den rucken.
 
| '''[10r]''' Item so dir ainer nach dem elpogen hat geschlagen und vächt (fängt) dir dein swert mit seiner tencken hant, als vor, und wil zbischen (zwischen) dir und in durchstechen nach deinen hals, als vor, so vach sein swercz klingen in dein tencke hant und leg ims selb an seinen hals, als da hie gemalt stet, und hinter trit in, so würfstu in auf den rucken.
  
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 10r.png|200px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 10r.png|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 60r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS 26-232 60r-a.jpg|200px|center]]
| rowspan="2" | Item. If smeone binds you upon your sword, wind your short edge to him behind the face and go in-the-moment and step forward with your left foot and fall with your pommel over his hand and grasp your blade in your left hand and lay it upon his neck, as is pictured here. Thus you throw him upon the back.<ref>Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."</ref>
+
| rowspan="2" | Item. If smeone binds you upon your sword, wind your short edge to him to the face and go in-the-moment and step forward with your left foot and fall with your pommel over his hand and grasp your blade in your left hand and lay it upon his neck, as is pictured here. Thus you throw him upon the back.<ref>Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."</ref>
 
| rowspan="2" | '''[9v]''' Item so dir ainer an dein swert pint, so wint im dy kurcz sneid nach dem angesicht ein und gee inndes und trit für mit dem tencken fuß und vall im mit deinem knopf über sein hent und vach dein klingen in dein tencke hant und leg ims an den hals, als hie gemalt stet, so würfstu in auf den rucken.
 
| rowspan="2" | '''[9v]''' Item so dir ainer an dein swert pint, so wint im dy kurcz sneid nach dem angesicht ein und gee inndes und trit für mit dem tencken fuß und vall im mit deinem knopf über sein hent und vach dein klingen in dein tencke hant und leg ims an den hals, als hie gemalt stet, so würfstu in auf den rucken.
  

Revision as of 17:06, 7 April 2015

Nuremberg Group
Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
Codex Wallerstein, ff 20v - 21r
Author(s)
Compiled by
Illustrated by
Date ca. 1470s
Genre
Language
State of Existence Original hypothetical; several
fragmentary copies exist
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Dörnhöffer, 1909.
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

The Nuremberg Group is a series of 15th and 16th century German manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Nuremberg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two sections of the Codex Wallerstein are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of Albrecht Dürer. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the Glasgow Fechtbuch, which is comprised of material not drawn from Wallerstein, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.

Despite the existence of several fencing manuals describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. A master Hartman von Nuremberg is mentioned by Paulus Kal as a member of the Society of Liechtenauer,[1] but no writings of his that might demonstrate a connection to the tradition are known to exist. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the Marxbrüder fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.[2] In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is Antonius Rast, a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by Paulus Hector Mair, and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.

Treatises

The Wrocław Codex 1246 was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, Friedrich Dörnhöffer referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the MS 26-232; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation Br.

While the Berlin Sketchbook contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Nuremberg tradition including Hans Talhoffer's writings and a series of anonymous sword and buckler images. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it, and are omitted here.

Additional Resources

References

  1. Kal, Paulus. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. J. Christoph Amberger. "The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age". Fencers Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  3. dauchen : drücken, niederdrücken.
  4. Im Fechten gibt es den Zwerhau, der in dieser Handschrift als Twir bezeichnet wird, in anderen Quellen aber auch Twirch geschrieben wird, von zwerch = schräg, quer. Zum einen würde diese Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ringen hier keinen wirklichen Sinn ergeben, zum anderen wäre die Schreibweise mit „b“, auch wenn dieses stimmlos gesprochen werden kann, äußerst ungewöhnlich. Im Rheinischen Wörterbuch findet sich dagegen der Begriff Pirch = Pferch = Einzäunung. Diese Bedeutung ergibt im Ringen mehr Sinn und könnte hier evtl. mit „Umklammerung“ übersetzt werden.
  5. der erste Buchstabe (p) ist nicht sauber geschrieben. pern stossen = Bärenstoß?
  6. es fehlt die „fünfft tbirch“, Dafür hat das Stück zwischen der drit und der vierdt tbirch keine Nummerierung.
  7. 5. plötzlich, unversehens.
  8. hier zu lesen als: fringt = ringt.
  9. The addition is difficult to read on the document, but results from the Table of Contents
  10. von äbich: abstehend, verkehrt (Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Brothers Grimm)
  11. The following pictures are marked with numbers underneath. As on the original the numbering is difficult to read, it was omitted in the transcription of the plays.
  12. possibly pull down or wrench.
  13. gripping the sword
  14. das „b“ bei „nymbt“ wurde nachträglich aus vermutlich ursprünglich „y“ verbessert
  15. das „h“ ist über das vermutete „g“ geschrieben
  16. possibly past
  17. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."
  18. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."
  19. abbrechen: to break off (destroy by breaking); to pluck, pull, tear or snip off