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to double again with the right foot or go with the left foot as you see fit. The approaching of the foot is when, finding yourself in a wide step, you approach your left foot halfway to go to the right, then after with your right foot. Joining is when, finding yourself in true or narrow step, you join your left foot to the right to have means of advancing the right foot. The chasing of the foot is when, finding yourself in wide step, you approach with the left foot and chase the right further forward than it was.</p>
 
to double again with the right foot or go with the left foot as you see fit. The approaching of the foot is when, finding yourself in a wide step, you approach your left foot halfway to go to the right, then after with your right foot. Joining is when, finding yourself in true or narrow step, you join your left foot to the right to have means of advancing the right foot. The chasing of the foot is when, finding yourself in wide step, you approach with the left foot and chase the right further forward than it was.</p>
  
<p>It is also curious to note and observe, before any accommodation of foot, to advance the sword a little towards the enemy's weak and to have an eye on the lookout so as not to be caught by surprise, and that you can go in countertimes to your advantage.</p>
+
<p>It is also curious to note and observe, before any accommodation of foot, to advance the sword a bit towards the enemy's weak and to have an eye on the lookout so as not to be caught by surprise, and that you can go in countertimes to your advantage.</p>
  
 
<p>I in no way approve of the stamping of the feet being an improper and uncomfortable thing.</p>
 
<p>I in no way approve of the stamping of the feet being an improper and uncomfortable thing.</p>
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<p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 9'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you will go in fourth pointing the sword point toward his guard, making a feint outward, beating the front foot without advancing it. And if the enemy goes to parry, you will cover inward over the sword guard, striking it at the right shoulder, returning quickly in third guard. Be warned that all feints must be done with a beat of the front foot, without moving the rear one, and that being on guard below the enemy's sword, your point remains two palms behind his guard, not advancing it, nor making the beating further than this, so as not to be taken by surprise.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you will go in fourth pointing the sword point toward his guard, making a feint outward, beating the front foot without advancing it. And if the enemy goes to parry, you will cover inward over the sword guard, striking him at the right shoulder, returning quickly in third guard. Be warned that all feints must be done with a beat of the front foot, without moving the rear one, and that being on guard below the enemy's sword, your point remains two palms behind his guard, not advancing it, nor making the beating further than this, so as not to be taken by surprise.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 10'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 17'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 17'''</p>
  
<p>If you find the enemy in second guard, you can put yourself in a third, holding your sword point raised below the middle of his strong; from there, advancing a step with the right foot, letting the left follow, you will push an under-thrust from second outward, over the middle of his strong to compel him to parry; in this time, you will cover your point below the elbow of his arm, striking it below the armpit, returning into second.</p>
+
<p>If you find the enemy in second guard, you can put yourself in a third, holding your sword point raised below the middle of his strong; from there, advancing a step with the right foot, letting the left follow, you will push an under-thrust from second outward, over the middle of his strong to compel him to parry; in this time, you will cover your point below his elbow, striking him below the armpit, returning into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 18'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 18'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy comes to cover your sword from second outward and having disengaged, he redoubles to again subdue it from third inward, you will advance your sword in fourth until the enemy's middle; come to your strong; and at the same time, you will twist the hand in an under-thrust, striking it from second towards the right shoulder, returning into third.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy comes to cover your sword from second outward and having disengaged, he redoubles to again subdue it from third inward, you will advance your sword in fourth until the enemy's middle; come to your strong; and at the same time, you will twist the hand in an under-thrust, striking him from second towards the right shoulder, returning into third.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 19'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 19'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 20'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 20'''</p>
  
<p>You can also put yourself in third guard, holding your sword guard near your belt, the hand half-twisted in an under-thrust, your point outward that of the enemy's corresponding to the middle of his strong; and if he comes from fourth with his arm extended to cover your weak, you will push a resolute under-thrust, straight to the right shoulder, dodging your head a little, putting yourself back into second.</p>
+
<p>You can also put yourself in third guard, holding your sword guard near your belt, the hand half-twisted in an under-thrust, your point outward that of the enemy's corresponding to the middle of his strong; and if he comes from fourth with his arm extended to cover your weak, you will push a resolute under-thrust, straight to the right shoulder, dodging your head a bit, putting yourself back into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 21'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 21'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>Being in second guard and your enemy in fourth and he is going to show a feint outward, you will parry him with firm foot outward, so that he has an opportunity to quarter inward; doing so, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, letting your point drop below his blade, striking his spine with an over-thrust with firm foot, or stepping the left foot back towards the shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
 +
<p>Still being in the same guard, if the enemy shows you the feint inward towards the head, you will parry inward, and if he performs his fourth carrying his point below your guard to the right side, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, dropping your point below his blade, striking his spine with an over-thrust with firm foot, or stepping forward with your left foot.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>If you have gained the weak of the enemy's sword with your strong on the middle of his weak outward, you will push a second under-thrust to his right shoulder; and if the enemy parries with the same sword edge by quartering to give to your right shoulder, at the same time, twisting your hand in an over-thrust, you will strike his spine, keeping your guard well-raised, in order to protect your head. Be warned that when the enemy performs the fourth in short measure, you will parry with a retreating left foot, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
 +
<p>I don't want to make any mention of the lessons that might be observed in performing the aforementioned fourths, instead only to show the remedies against these; especially since I do not approve of them as good, because of the great danger one incurs in performing them, as much for the twisting of the back as of the head, and even from the peril from being thrown down by wrestling.</p>
  
 
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Revision as of 23:41, 5 June 2022

Pedro de Heredia
Spouse(s) unknown
Occupation
  • Governor
  • Captain
Nationality Spanish
Movement
Influences Girolamo Cavalcabo
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Book of Lessons
Principal
manuscript(s)

Pedro de Heredia was a 17th century Spanish governor of a region in Belgium and a cavalry captain from 1615-1645. He wrote three manuscripts.

De Heredia's Le Livre des Leçons ("The Book of Lessons") is influenced by Girolamo Cavalcabo's Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").

Contents

Treatises

Additional Resources

References

  1. According to Lauvernay, "fourniment" is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.
  2. Droit can mean "right" (as in not left or not wrong) or "correct" (as in not incorrect) or "true" (as in not false). All are likely acceptable.
  3. Volter is an Italian loanword of "Voltare".
  4. Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata.
  5. Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata.
  6. Lit. translated as "right-hands".
  7. Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.
  8. Credits to Alan Bloniarz for providing context to the word "garatusa".
  9. Écarté is the French word for the Italian technique "inquartata".
  10. Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.
  11. The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".
  12. Chassement means "chasing". In this case, it is the back foot chasing the front. In modern fencing, this is known as advancing.
  13. Crèvement means "to burst or to puncture." In the treatise, it is used to describe breaking guards.