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Difference between revisions of "Pedro de Heredia"

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<p>'''Hew''' the sword is to beat the enemy's sword with one's own.</p>
 
<p>'''Hew''' the sword is to beat the enemy's sword with one's own.</p>
  
<p>'''Cover''' the sword means to lodge your sword onto that of the enemy's to subdue him or to compel him to disengage.</p>
+
<p>'''Cover''' the sword means to extend your sword onto that of the enemy's to subdue him or to compel him to disengage.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Puncture''' the sword is to force the enemy to change guard.</p>
 
<p>'''Puncture''' the sword is to force the enemy to change guard.</p>
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<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy camped in third guard, you will advance in second with the arm and body; and twisting the hand in under-thrust, you will cover his sword with your strong on the middle of his weak; and if he changes his point and shoots a stab inward, you will parry again with your strong to his weak, and you will push with the correct edge an over-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder. Note that the arm and the body are still lodged before the foot step in order to push off.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy camped in third guard, you will advance in second with the arm and body; and twisting the hand in under-thrust, you will cover his sword with your strong on the middle of his weak; and if he changes his point and shoots a stab inward, you will parry again with your strong to his weak, and you will push with the correct edge an over-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder. Note that the arm and the body are still extended before the foot step in order to push off.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
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| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Being in third guard and finding the enemy in the same or in second, you will lodge your point below the middle of his strong; from there, you will go to cover his sword outward, and at the same time that he wants to disengage his point, you will twist your hand into an over-thrust, striking him in the straight line and firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into second.</p>
+
<p>Being in third guard and finding the enemy in the same or in second, you will extend your point below the middle of his strong; from there, you will go cover his sword outward, and at the same time that he wants to disengage his point, you will twist your hand into an over-thrust, striking him in the straight line and firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into second.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Still being in the same guard as above, you will be able to lodge your point inward below the middle of the enemy's strong; from there, you will go with the middle of your strong to cover the middle of his weak, and if he disengages his point, you will twist your hand into an under-thrust, pushing a second stab outward with firm foot to the right shoulder, perform a step with the hand before the foot, then recover promptly back into second.</p>
+
<p>Still being in the same guard as above, you will be able to extend your point inward below the middle of the enemy's strong; from there, you will go with the middle of your strong to cover the middle of his weak, and if he disengages his point, you will twist your hand into an under-thrust, pushing a second stab outward with firm foot to the right shoulder, perform a step with the hand before the foot, then recover promptly back into second.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy still in a third, putting yourself in the same way, you will lodge your point below the middle of his strong, and at the same time that he wants to advance his body or his arm towards you, you will beat his sword with your strong on his weak, and if he wants to disengage, you will push with firm foot an over-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy still in a third, putting yourself in the same way, you will extend your point below the middle of his strong, and at the same time that he wants to advance his body or his arm towards you, you will beat his sword with your strong on his weak, and if he wants to disengage, you will push an over-thrust with firm foot to his right shoulder.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in third, you can go while holding your point outward with the hand twisted in an under-thrust, from there, collecting your point towards you, you will cut above his sword point towards his belt with a beat of the foot; and if he goes to parry, you'll disengage below, pushing him outward with firm foot.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in third, you can while holding your point outward with the hand twisted in an under-thrust, from there, collecting your point towards you, you will cut above his sword point towards his belt with a beat of the foot; and if he goes to parry, you'll disengage below, pushing him outward with firm foot.</p>
 
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>To perform the spreads well, you will hold your sword guard close to the belt, the legs widened to be in your strength; and if the enemy shoots an under-thrust to you, you will disengage your point inward against the middle of his blade and removing the body, you will push with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>To perform the spreads well, you will hold your sword guard close to the belt, the legs widened to be in your strength; and if the enemy shoots an under-thrust, you will disengage your point inward against the middle of his blade and removing the body, you will push with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>Doing the spreading, note that it is necessary to remove or void the body, that the tips of the feet twist backward, and the heels forward, such that what was behind goes forward, and what was forward back, all at once.</p>
 
<p>Doing the spreading, note that it is necessary to remove or void the body, that the tips of the feet twist backward, and the heels forward, such that what was behind goes forward, and what was forward back, all at once.</p>
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy having gained your weak with his strong goes to shoot you with an over-thrust inward from fourth to the right shoulder, passing the left foot back beside the right leg, dodging entirely with the body, you will parry with your strong on his weak, taking his sword inward; you will push an over-thrust with firm foot at the spine, stepping with your left foot back towards the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy having gained your weak with his strong goes to shoot an over-thrust inward from fourth to the right shoulder, passing the left foot back beside the right leg, dodging entirely with the body, you will parry with your strong on his weak, taking his sword inward; you will push an over-thrust with firm foot at the spine, stepping with your left foot back towards the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p>T With the enemy coming from long measure to cover your sword outward, passing with the left foot, you will disengage your point inward at the same time with firm foot without pushing; and if he goes to quarter inward towards the right shoulder, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with an over-thrust to the spine, with firm foot, or stepping with the left foot backward towards the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>ith the enemy coming from long measure to cover your sword outward, passing with the left foot, you will disengage your point inward at the same time with firm foot without pushing; and if he goes to quarter inward towards the right shoulder, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with an over-thrust to the spine, with firm foot, or stepping with the left foot backward towards the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Section 3 Remedy against fourth feints.'''</p>
 
<p>'''Section 3 Remedy against fourth feints.'''</p>
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| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>If you are in second guard, holding your sword in an outward under-thrust, and the enemy comes from the same guard to cover your sword outward with his strong on your weak, you will at the same time disengage your point inward below his elbow, passing with the left foot, striking his right shoulder; but let the arm and body be lodged before the left foot passes.</p>
+
<p>If you are in second guard, holding your sword in an outward under-thrust, and the enemy comes from the same guard to cover your sword outward with his strong on your weak, you will at the same time disengage your point inward below his elbow, passing with the left foot, striking his right shoulder; but let the arm and body be extended<ref>The original has "lodging" although it's likely a typo.</ref> before the left foot passes.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>Being in first guard, with your hand twisted in an over-thrust and holding your point outward straight to the enemy's eye and when he wants to cover your weak inward with his strong, at the same time as he is coming, you will twist your hand in an under-thrust, disengaging your point below his guard to the right side; passing with the left foot, you will strike him from second, extending<ref>The original has "lodging" although it's likely a typo.</ref> the arm and body as above.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>You can still from second guard, having the hand twisted in an under-thrust, extend your point inward opposite of the middle of the enemy's strong, in order to entice him to gain your weak with his strong; having done this you will disengage your point, extending your strong on his weak and passing with the left foot, you will push the same under-thrust to the right shoulder, extending the arm and body before the left foot moves.</p>
 
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Revision as of 04:57, 9 June 2022

Pedro de Heredia
Spouse(s) unknown
Occupation
  • Governor
  • Captain
Nationality Spanish
Movement
Influences Girolamo Cavalcabo
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Book of Lessons
Principal
manuscript(s)

Pedro de Heredia was a 17th century Spanish governor of a region in Belgium and a cavalry captain from 1615-1645. He wrote three manuscripts.

De Heredia's Le Livre des Leçons ("The Book of Lessons") is influenced by Girolamo Cavalcabo's Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").

Contents

Treatises

Additional Resources

References

  1. According to Lauvernay, "fourniment" is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.
  2. Droit can mean "right" (as in not left or not wrong) or "correct" (as in not incorrect) or "true" (as in not false). All are likely acceptable.
  3. Volter is an Italian loanword of voltare which means "to turn".
  4. Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata.
  5. Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata.
  6. Caver is the French loanword for the Italian cavare, which means "to dig or to excavate".
  7. Lit. translated as "right-hands".
  8. Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.
  9. Credits to Alan Bloniarz for providing context to the word "garatusa".
  10. Écarté is the French word for the Italian technique "inquartata".
  11. The original has "lodging" although it's likely a typo.
  12. The original has "lodging" although it's likely a typo.
  13. Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.
  14. The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".
  15. Chassement means "chasing". In this case, it is the back foot chasing the front. In modern fencing, this is known as advancing.
  16. Crèvement means "to burst or to puncture." In the treatise, it is used to describe breaking guards.