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Difference between revisions of "Pedro de Heredia"

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| '''Section 1 - How one must accommodate the body to get into a good posture.'''
 
| '''Section 1 - How one must accommodate the body to get into a good posture.'''
  
−
Now the accommodation of the body to be on guard will be holding the body straight with the right side a bit forward, turning the left side a bit backward, leaning the body on the left leg, of which the knee must be bent; the left arm is raised near the face like a semi-circle, the right leg extended or slightly bent, the two heels face-to-face to one another showing only the flank; you will cover with your right arm well extended below and a bit in front above the right thigh, the sword point looking in front of the enemy's right shoulder a bit higher than the fittings<ref>According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.</ref>, and traversed somewhat within, properly going on all sides to the enemy's sword. It is the third guard that I hold to be the most perfect, and in which all observations of good technique can be better preserved, since everything that derives from the other guards can easily (at least in part) be accommodated by this one. However having previously spoken of the four guards, I want to explain each of them in their place, to show that it is not necessary to rest in only one, because I hold them all good when performed well.
+
Now the accommodation of the body to be on guard will be holding the body straight with the right side a bit forward, turning the left side a bit backward, leaning the body on the left leg, of which the knee must be bent; the left arm is raised near the face like a semi-circle, the right leg extended or slightly bent, the two heels face-to-face to one another showing only the flank; you will cover with your right arm well extended below and a bit in front above the right thigh, the sword point looking in front of the enemy's right shoulder a bit higher than the fittings<ref>According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.</ref>, and traversed somewhat inward, properly going on all sides to the enemy's sword. It is the third guard that I hold to be the most perfect, and in which all observations of good technique can be better preserved, since everything that derives from the other guards can easily (at least in part) be accommodated by this one. However having previously spoken of the four guards, I want to explain each of them in their place, to show that it is not necessary to rest in only one, because I hold them all good when performed well.
  
 
Before putting the said guards in effect, a good master must teach his disciples the steps which are called passing, turning, traversing, and linear following before putting the sword in their hand, to make them more agile and swift in all movements, which having understood, he will give them sword in hand, teaching them the ensuing guards from which all the others derive as their principal element.
 
Before putting the said guards in effect, a good master must teach his disciples the steps which are called passing, turning, traversing, and linear following before putting the sword in their hand, to make them more agile and swift in all movements, which having understood, he will give them sword in hand, teaching them the ensuing guards from which all the others derive as their principal element.
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|  
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| <p>'''Section 10 - How to win the measure.'''</p>
+
| <p>'''Section 10 - How to gain the measure.'''</p>
  
 
<p>The measure, whatever it is, is gained by four kinds of accommodation of the foot which are called: advancing, approaching, joining, and chasing of the foot. The advancing of the foot is when, being in narrow or true step, you gain the measure advancing the right foot forward
 
<p>The measure, whatever it is, is gained by four kinds of accommodation of the foot which are called: advancing, approaching, joining, and chasing of the foot. The advancing of the foot is when, being in narrow or true step, you gain the measure advancing the right foot forward
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<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
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<p>The enemy having gained your sword within and wanting to give you a high-thrust from fourth, you will parry with the strong of your sword close to his point; then twisting your hand in low-thrust, you will draw a reversal to you on his weak, and thus you will throw the sword from his hands.</p>
+
<p>The enemy having gained your sword inward and wanting to give you a high-thrust from fourth, you will parry with the strong of your sword close to his point; then twisting your hand in low-thrust, you will draw a reversal to you on his weak, and thus you will throw the sword from his hands.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
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<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against the discard.'''</p>
 
<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against the discard.'''</p>
  
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<p>If the enemy having gained the weak of your sword inward on his strong, wants to throw you with his hand, at the same time that he does the turn from the reversal, you will change your point outward, pushing from fourth a stab to his right shoulder; or else you will twist the hand in low-thrust, letting the sword hilt slide in your hand; or else at the same time that he wants to turn his reversal, you will twist your hand in low-thrust, shooting a slash to his head.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy having gained the weak of your sword inward on his strong, wants to throw it out of your hand, at the same time that he rotates it with a reversal, you will disengage your point outward, pushing from fourth a stab to his right shoulder; or else you will twist the hand in low-thrust, letting the sword hilt slide in your hand; or else at the same time that he wants to rotate his reversal, you will twist your hand in low-thrust, shooting a slash to his head.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>Likewise, you can also extend your point inward and the enemy going to cover it, you will collect it at the same time towards you and cut with the middle of your blade above his point; you will pass with the left foot in a high-thrust to the right shoulder.
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</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>You can still extend your point inward below the middle of your enemy's guard, then passing your point below his blade with your hand twisted in a high-thrust, you will cover with the same edge his weak outward with your strong; and if the enemy goes to disengage his point, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust and going into second, you will pass with left foot toward the right shoulder; and if he disengages again, you will quickly twist your hand in a high-thrust, striking his right shoulder in the same action.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 17'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 17'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you can likewise holding the hand in high-thrust to carry your point outward below his blade; and from there, with the same high-thrust collecting your point to yourself, you can cut on his presenting a high-thrust straight towards the head so that he goes to parry; performing this you will go at the same time twisting your hand in a low-thrust and passing the left foot with the same edge, you will strike him to the right shoulder.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 18'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 18'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>If the enemy goes from fourth to cover your sword inward, you will collect your point to yourself, and cutting with the correct edge over his point, you will present the high-thrust towards his right eye; and the enemy going to parry outward, you will disengage the point of your sword below his elbow and, passing at the same time with your left foot, you will grab his right shoulder. Note that when cutting, the body should be extended.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 19'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 19'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>Finding your enemy in third guard, you can put yourself in fourth holding the hand in low-thrust, your point outward; and the enemy going to cover your weak outward, you will twist your hand in high-thrust, and beating with your wrist, you will pass from the left foot outward to the right shoulder. This passing, you can do it while the enemy comes to the subjection of your sword.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 20'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 20'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>If being in first guard and the enemy in third, and he presents you with a high-thrust going in fourth below your guard to the right side, following his point with your strong, you will lower your point below his guard twisting your hand in low-thrust and you will pass with the left foot striking to his right side.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 21'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 21'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>Finding your enemy in third or fourth, you can from the same guard, extend your point below the enemy's guard; then collecting your point a bit above, you will gain the middle of his weak inward from the middle of your strong; and when the enemy goes to press against you, you will disengage below his guard outward to the right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 22'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 22'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>Still being in the same guard, you can go cover the enemy's weak with your strong, and he is going to shoot a reversal outward to you, you will parry him with firm foot with the body extended, and you will shoot a low-thrust to his right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 23'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 23'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>You can still gain the enemy's weak with your strong going into second having the hand twisted in low-thrust; and when the enemy is going to shoot an inward slash to you, you will parry him with firm foot with your body extended, and you will at the same time shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder passing with your left foot. Be warned that no passing is performed except on the crossing of the body or the advance of the enemy's foot, otherwise one will run into danger.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 24'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 24'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>You can still, with the same guard, extend your point below the middle of the weak of the enemy's sword; and when he is going to shoot a high-thrust inwards towards your right shoulder, you will parry him with a retreat of the left foot backward, raising his sword inward with the strong of yours; and at the same time passing with the left foot, you will give him a low-thrust below his guard to the right side.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Article 25'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 25'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>You can still hold the sword point outward below the middle of the enemy's strong, and when he is going to shoot a low-thrust at you outward, you will parry him with a retreat with your left foot, covering his weak with your strong inward, raising it at the same time; and passing with the left foot you can give a low-thrust below his sword guard to his right side.</p>
 
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|-
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|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Article 26'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 26'''</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>You can still put yourself in high third with your hand in high-thrust a bit crossed inward holding the point outward, and the enemy going to shoot you a high-thrust from high fourth inward, you will not parry him with the sword, thus only breaking the measure, retiring the left foot backward, and stealing or lowering the body at the same time; then you will push a low-thrust below his guard to the right side passing the left foot forward.</p>
 
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! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
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! <p>{{rating}}</p>
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! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Section 1 Observations on shooting at the time of the foot.'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
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 +
<p>Finding your enemy in second third or fourth, and that you can gain the middle of his weak by covering him with the middle of your strong, you will perform a call retiring the left foot a bit, leaving very little to follow the right; and with the enemy going to advance the foot or the body to gain measure, you will resolutely push at the same time as he moves, a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
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<p>Being in third or high fourth, and when the enemy goes into guard position in your presence, you will push at the same time that he wants to cross, a high-thrust to the right shoulder, with a firm foot.</p>
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| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
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<p>Being in the same guard and when you have gained the exact measure, if the enemy still wants to gain a step at the same time that he raises his foot, you will resolutely push a high-thrust to the right shoulder surprising his raised foot; and with this, he will neither be able to countertime nor riposte.</p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
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<p>Being in the exact measure, and when the enemy with his legs widened wants to approach with the left foot towards the right, you will shoot at the same time as he raises his foot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot to surprise him.</p>
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|-
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| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
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<p>Being both on guard with the same strength and in short measure, with the enemy wanting to extend his body, you will shoot at the same time a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
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|-
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| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
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<p>Being still in the same guard and in long measure, if the enemy happens to twist in presence, you will shoot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder at the same time as he raises his right foot to rotate; this can be taken whether the enemy is stepping in or out.</p>
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|-
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|-
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| <p>'''Section 2 The time of the hand.'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
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 +
<p>When you have gained with the middle of your strong the middle of the weak of the enemy's sword, and being both in exact measure, if the enemy happens to disengage his point to disengage in presence, you will shoot at the same time a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
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<p>Being in high third and when the enemy having gained your weak with his strong, and you want to shoot a high-thrust to the right shoulder, at the same time that he abandons the sword, you will push with counter-time to the right shoulder.</p>
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|-
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|-
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| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|-
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| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|-
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|-
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| <p>'''Section 3 The counter-time.'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
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<p></p>
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|-
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|-
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|
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| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
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<p></p>
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{{master subsection begin
 
{{master subsection begin
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  | title = Chapter 14 - Discourse and advice of the single sword play, both for winning land and other required subtleties.
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  | title = Chapter 14 - Discourse and advice of the single sword play, both for gaining land and other required subtleties.
 
  | width = 90em
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}

Revision as of 01:38, 30 June 2022

Pedro de Heredia
Spouse(s) unknown
Occupation
  • Governor
  • Captain
Nationality Spanish
Movement
Influences Girolamo Cavalcabo
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Book of Lessons
Principal
manuscript(s)

Pedro de Heredia was a 17th century Spanish governor of a region in Belgium and a cavalry captain from 1615-1645. He wrote three manuscripts.

De Heredia's Le Livre des Leçons ("The Book of Lessons") is influenced by Girolamo Cavalcabo's Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").

Contents

Treatises

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.
  2. ↑ Droit can mean "right" or "correct" (as in not incorrect) or "true".
  3. ↑ Volter is an Italian loanword of voltare which means "to turn".
  4. ↑ Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata and is used in this treatise as "supination".
  5. ↑ Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata and is used in this treatise as "pronation".
  6. ↑ Caver is the French loanword for the Italian cavare, which means "to dig or to excavate".
  7. ↑ Lit. translated as "right-hands".
  8. ↑ Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.
  9. ↑ Credits to Alan Bloniarz for providing context to the word "garatusa" which is a Spanish card game where one discards their cards to win.
  10. ↑ Écarté is the French loanword for the Italian technique "inquartata" and means "discarded"
  11. ↑ Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.
  12. ↑ The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".
  13. ↑ Chassement means "chasing". In this case, it is the back foot chasing the front. In modern fencing, this is known as advancing.
  14. ↑ Crèvement means "to burst or to puncture." In the treatise, it is used to describe breaking guards.


Early Iberian traditions
Esgrima común Destreza.png
Verdadera
destreza
Carrancista
Pachequista
Indeterminate
Others
Early Italian masters
Germanic Masters
Agrippa 1553 01.jpg
Bolognese Masters
Florentine Masters
Neopolitan Masters
Venetian Masters
Agrippa Style
Marcelli Style
Other Masters
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