Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Hans Döbringer/David Lindholm LS 2005"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 120: Line 120:
 
<section begin="5"/>He<ref>Liechtenauer</ref> also means that you should not step straight in with the blows, but from the side at an angle so that you come in from the side where you can reach him easier than from the front. When you strike or thrust at him, he will not be able to defend with other techniques and neither lead it away by changing through as long as the strikes or thrusts are to the man, to the openings to the head and the body with steps and leaps in from the side.<section end="5"/>
 
<section begin="5"/>He<ref>Liechtenauer</ref> also means that you should not step straight in with the blows, but from the side at an angle so that you come in from the side where you can reach him easier than from the front. When you strike or thrust at him, he will not be able to defend with other techniques and neither lead it away by changing through as long as the strikes or thrusts are to the man, to the openings to the head and the body with steps and leaps in from the side.<section end="5"/>
  
<section begin="6"/>Also note and know by this when he speaks, "The Before, The After the two things, etc" that he means the five words: The Before, The After, Weak, Strong, Indes. The entire art of Master Liechtenauer's rests upon these very words which are the foundation and the core of all fencing on foot or on horse, bare or in harness.<section end="6"/>
+
<section begin="6"/>Also note and know what he says here, "before, after, the two things do", he names the five words; Before,<ref>Vor</ref> After,<ref>Nach</ref> Weak,<ref>Weich</ref> Strong,<ref>Hart</ref> in that instant/just as.<ref>Indes</ref> On these words hinge the whole art of Liechtenauer, and they are the foundation and cornerstone of all fencing on foot or on horseback, in armour<ref>Harnusche</ref> or without.<ref>Blos</ref><section end="6"/>
  
<section begin="7"/>Also note and know what he says here, "before, after, the two things do", he names the five words; Before,<ref>Vor</ref> After,<ref>Nach</ref> Weak,<ref>Weich</ref> Strong,<ref>Hart</ref> in that instant/just as.<ref>Indes</ref> On these words hinge the whole art of Liechtenauer, and they are the foundation and cornerstone of all fencing on foot or on horseback, in armour<ref>Harnusche</ref> or without.<ref>Blos</ref> Regardless if you hit or miss, as Liechtenauer says, strike and rush in and then follow no matter if you hit or miss. The word before means that a good fencer will always win the first strike.<ref>Vorschlag</ref> When you step or leap in to close with the opponent as soon as you see that you can reach him with step or leap, then you shall close with strikes to the openings and fence at the head or the body without any fear at all as you will surely win against him. Therefore when you win the first strike then it is no matter if it is good or painful for the opponent, and you will also be sure in your steps and should do them well measured neither too long nor too short. When you now do the first strike if you hit then follow up the hit quickly, but if the other defends against the first strike whether it was a strike or a thrust and turns it away and leads with his sword, then you shall remain on the sword if you were deflected from the opening and feel if the opponent is hard<ref>Hart</ref> or soft<ref>Weich</ref> and strong<ref>Stark</ref> or weak<ref>Swach</ref> on the sword. And when you notice this, then be hard or soft against the opponent as he defends himself. And then in an instant<ref>Indes</ref> should you do the after strike<ref>Nachschlag</ref> before the opponent has a chance to come to blows, that is as soon as the opponent defends against the first strike as you do that, attack other openings with other techniques speedily. And always be in motion, this will force the opponent to be on the defence and not be able to come to blows himself. For he who defends against strikes is always in greater danger than the one who strikes, since he must either defend or allow himself to be hit if he is to have a chance to strike a blow himself. That is why Liechtenauer says; “I say truthfully, no man can defend without danger”. If you have understood this he will not come to blows, and you already know the five words that this art consists of.<section end="7"/>
+
<section begin="7"/> Regardless if you hit or miss, as Liechtenauer says, strike and rush in and then follow no matter if you hit or miss. The word before means that a good fencer will always win the first strike.<ref>Vorschlag</ref> When you step or leap in to close with the opponent as soon as you see that you can reach him with step or leap, then you shall close with strikes to the openings and fence at the head or the body without any fear at all as you will surely win against him. Therefore when you win the first strike then it is no matter if it is good or painful for the opponent, and you will also be sure in your steps and should do them well measured neither too long nor too short. When you now do the first strike if you hit then follow up the hit quickly, but if the other defends against the first strike whether it was a strike or a thrust and turns it away and leads with his sword, then you shall remain on the sword if you were deflected from the opening and feel if the opponent is hard<ref>Hart</ref> or soft<ref>Weich</ref> and strong<ref>Stark</ref> or weak<ref>Swach</ref> on the sword. And when you notice this, then be hard or soft against the opponent as he defends himself. And then in an instant<ref>Indes</ref> should you do the after strike<ref>Nachschlag</ref> before the opponent has a chance to come to blows, that is as soon as the opponent defends against the first strike as you do that, attack other openings with other techniques speedily. And always be in motion, this will force the opponent to be on the defence and not be able to come to blows himself. For he who defends against strikes is always in greater danger than the one who strikes, since he must either defend or allow himself to be hit if he is to have a chance to strike a blow himself. That is why Liechtenauer says; “I say truthfully, no man can defend without danger”. If you have understood this he will not come to blows, and you already know the five words that this art consists of.<section end="7"/>
  
 
<section begin="8"/>Therefore in all swordplay someone who strikes will often defeat a Master if he is bold and gain the first strike according to this teaching.<section end="8"/>
 
<section begin="8"/>Therefore in all swordplay someone who strikes will often defeat a Master if he is bold and gain the first strike according to this teaching.<section end="8"/>

Revision as of 13:58, 18 October 2022

This is the general foreword to the unarmoured[1] fencing on foot, note this well.

1 Young knights learn
 to love God and honour women
2 that your honour may grow.
 Practice knightly things and learn
3 arts that help you
 and grant you honour in war.
4 Wrestle well;
 grab the lance, spear, sword and falchion.
5 Do this manly
 and make it useless in other hands.
6 Strike threefold and hard in there,
 rush in regardless if you hit or miss,
7 so that in understanding this
 you will be known as a wise man.
8 This you shall know,
 that all things have length and measure.
Do what you wish to do
 with good understanding.
In earnest or in play
 have good heart with measure.
Thus you beware
 and look with good cheer;
this is what you shall do
 and how you go against him.
For good heart and force
 makes your opponent weak,
govern yourself after this;
 never give an advantage for nothing.
Do not be rash;
 do not first do four or six.[2]
With your overconfidence
 be moderate, which is good for you.
He is a brave man
 who fights his own weaknesses.
It is no shame
 to flee when four or six (foes) are at hand

This is a general teaching of the sword.

9 If you want to display skill,
 go with the left and follow right with the strikes,
10 and left with right
 is how you will fence with strength.
11 If you only strike after,
 you will have little joy from his art,
12 strike him wherever you wish,
 and no changer[3] will come within your shield.
Do not strike to the sword;
 instead go for the openings,
13 To the head, to the body
 and do not forget the withdrawing.[4]
14 Do with the entire body
 what you wish to do firmly.
15 Hear what is bad;
 do not fence above left if you are a right hander.
16 And if you are a left hander
 then leave the right behind
and fence rather
 from high left to low (on the right).
17 Before[5] and after,[6] from these two things
 the whole art stem,
18 weak[7] and strong,[8]
 in an instant,[9] note that word well.
19 Thus you may learn
 with work and defend artfully,
20 if you frighten easily,
 do not learn how to fence.
ⅹⅲ Knowledge[10] and skill,[11]
 cunning,[12] prudence[13] and wisdom,[14]
ⅹⅳ reason, secrecy,
 reach, foreknowing and readiness.[15]
ⅹⅴ this fencing desire
 and cheerfully do.

Here follows a general teaching. Before all know and note that the point of the sword is the centre and also its centre and core and from this comes all fencing and all returns to it. So the hangings and the turnings[16] is the hanging in and the going around of the centre and from these good fencing will be done, and it is so thought out and discovered that a fencer who like so always strikes or thrusts at the point [of the opponent's weapon] do not always hit well. But with these techniques striking,[17] thrusting[18] or cutting,[19] stepping in or out,[20] stepping around[21] or a leap,[22] will hit the other. And if someone shoots or steps forward with the point and lengthens or moves it forward, the other cannot hurt or shorten you with turnings or stepping out. Then the opponent cannot come into safe techniques and pieces such as the strike, thrust or cut. For Liechtenauer’s art is founded on principles of all the fencing skills and on the art of the sword. Strikes, thrusts and cuts as you will hear later here, how to do techniques and defend against what the other does, and how to do one out of the other if one (technique) is defended against, then the other technique will hit and have success.

Secondly know and note that not one thing on the sword is without its use or reason. Therefore you should use the point,[23] both edges,[24] cross guard[25] and pommel[26] and all that is on the sword. As they are meant to be used in the art of fencing as is done in the exercises as you will find hereafter see and hear.

Also know and note that when he says that you should show art, then he intends that the artful fencer should place his left foot forward and strike with it from the right side straight at the man with true strikes as soon as you see how you can take him and reach him with your own steps. Also when you want to fence strongly, then fence from the left side with the whole body and with full force to the head and to the body wherever you can hit – and never to his sword, but as if he[27] does not have a sword or as if you cannot see. And you shall not disdain any following or contacts made, but always work and remain in motion so that he cannot come to blows.

He[28] also means that you should not step straight in with the blows, but from the side at an angle so that you come in from the side where you can reach him easier than from the front. When you strike or thrust at him, he will not be able to defend with other techniques and neither lead it away by changing through as long as the strikes or thrusts are to the man, to the openings to the head and the body with steps and leaps in from the side.

Also note and know what he says here, "before, after, the two things do", he names the five words; Before,[29] After,[30] Weak,[31] Strong,[32] in that instant/just as.[33] On these words hinge the whole art of Liechtenauer, and they are the foundation and cornerstone of all fencing on foot or on horseback, in armour[34] or without.[35]

Regardless if you hit or miss, as Liechtenauer says, strike and rush in and then follow no matter if you hit or miss. The word before means that a good fencer will always win the first strike.[36] When you step or leap in to close with the opponent as soon as you see that you can reach him with step or leap, then you shall close with strikes to the openings and fence at the head or the body without any fear at all as you will surely win against him. Therefore when you win the first strike then it is no matter if it is good or painful for the opponent, and you will also be sure in your steps and should do them well measured neither too long nor too short. When you now do the first strike if you hit then follow up the hit quickly, but if the other defends against the first strike whether it was a strike or a thrust and turns it away and leads with his sword, then you shall remain on the sword if you were deflected from the opening and feel if the opponent is hard[37] or soft[38] and strong[39] or weak[40] on the sword. And when you notice this, then be hard or soft against the opponent as he defends himself. And then in an instant[41] should you do the after strike[42] before the opponent has a chance to come to blows, that is as soon as the opponent defends against the first strike as you do that, attack other openings with other techniques speedily. And always be in motion, this will force the opponent to be on the defence and not be able to come to blows himself. For he who defends against strikes is always in greater danger than the one who strikes, since he must either defend or allow himself to be hit if he is to have a chance to strike a blow himself. That is why Liechtenauer says; “I say truthfully, no man can defend without danger”. If you have understood this he will not come to blows, and you already know the five words that this art consists of.

Therefore in all swordplay someone who strikes will often defeat a Master if he is bold and gain the first strike according to this teaching.

With the word before as has been told before, he[43] means that you with a good first strike shall close in without fear or hesitation and strike at the openings, to the head and to the body, regardless whether you hit or miss you will confuse the opponent and put fear into him, so that the he does not know what to do against you. Then before the opponent can gather himself and come back, you shall do the after strike so that he will have to defend yet again and not be able to strike himself. Thus when you strike the first strike and the opponent defends against this, in the defence you will always be first to reach the after strike before the opponent. As soon as you can, you should go with the pommel to the head or come in with the cross strike[44] that is always good to do, or you can throw the sword forward crosswise in and by that enter into other techniques. You can also initiate other good moves since the opponent will not be able to strike. You shall hear how you do one thing from another so that the opponent cannot come at you without being struck, if you act according to this teaching. You shall do with one mind and one strike the first strike and the after strike quickly one after the other,

and when it happens that the opponent defends against the strike, then he will do this with his sword and you will be on his sword. And when the opponent is slow and late then you can remain on his sword and right away turn[45] and note and feel if the other gathers himself in order to move away or not.

If he moves off when you have come on the sword in front of one another and extend the points at one another to the openings, then you shall – before the opponent has time to gather himself in order to strike or thrust – follow him with the point and do a good thrust to the chest or something like that as quickly and directly as you can. That is you should not let him escape unharmed from the sword. Since you know at once that you have a shorter way to the opponent since you already have your point on the[46] sword, as close and as short as possible. Then if you move away to do another strike or thrust and you do a wide movement, then the opponent will always be able to beat you to the with a strike or thrust, then he can hit you with the first strike. And this is what Liechtenauer means with the word [Nach]. When you have done the first strike then you shall without any delay do the and you should also stay in motion and do one thing after another. If the first [attack] does not work then the second, the third or the fourth will hit, and you shall not let the opponent come to blows. Since no one has greater advantage than he who fights according to the teaching of the five words.

But if it is so that the opponent remains on the sword after his defence and is on the sword, and it has occurred that you remain with him on the sword and he has not done the after strike then you shall turn[47] and remain with him on the sword. And you shall notice straight away if the opponent is weakor strong.

If it is so that you feel and notice that the opponent is strong and hard and firm[48] on the sword and intends to push your sword away, then you shall be weak and yielding[49] and give way to his strength and let the opponent push his sword to the side and go with this. You shall then leave his sword quickly and speedily and move away and go at his openings to the head and the body with strikes and thrusts or with cuts, in the simplest and shortest way that you can. Since the harder and surer someone presses and pushes with his sword, while the other is weak against and let his sword yield, the wider his sword is pushed to the side the more open he will become and the other can then hit him as he pleases before the other can gather himself again and attack with a new strike or thrust.

But if the opponent is weak and soft at the sword and you notice this well and feel, then you should be strong and hard against the sword and should let your point go straight and hard on his sword, at his openings as directly as possible. Just as if there was a thread tied to your point leading you in the shortest way to the opponent’s openings. And this thrust you should do when you are notice that the opponent is weak and allow his sword to be pushed back and allows himself to get hit,

or if he is strong and defends and displaces the thrust.[50] If the opponent remains strong at the sword and deflects the sword and defends against the thrust, that is that he pushes the sword swiftly away, you should be soft and yielding and let your sword yield before you and then speedily go at his openings with strikes, thrusts or cuts in any way you can. This is what Liechtenauer means by the words soft and strong. And this comes from the authorities as Aristotle said in the book Peri Hermanias; opposed near him set wise men shine forth or abandon opposition. Weak against strong, hard against soft and vice versa. Because when it is strong against strong, the stronger one will always win. That is why Liechtenauer’s swordsmanship is a true art that the weaker wins more easily by use of his art than the stronger by using his strength. Otherwise what use would the art be?

Therefore learn well to feel in the swordplay. As Liechtenauer says, "learn how to feel. In an instant/just as is a sharp word". Thus when you find yourself on another’s sword and feel well if he is weak or strong at the sword, then at once[51] follow and know what is appropriate for you to do according to the aforesaid teaching and art. Then he will not be able to leave your sword without getting hurt. Thus Liechtenauer says “Strike so that he moves, if he withdraws from you”.

After this teaching you understand how you will win the first strike and as soon as you have done this, then quickly and without any delay do the after strike that is the second, third or fourth strike, cut or thrust so that he cannot come to blows himself. If you then find yourself on his sword, then be sure that you feel and do as before has been described, since this is the basic tenet of swordsmanship: that a man is always in motion and never at rest, and it is also based on feeling, so do as it is stated above.

No matter what you do or attempt to do, always have measure[52] and length.[53] If you have won the first strike then do not perform it too slowly, but move fast so that you can gather yourself for the after strike as well. That is why Liechtenauer says “Always know this, that all things have length and measure”. And understand this in relation to stepping and all other pieces of swordsmanship.

This is the text where the five strikes and other pieces are mentioned.

21 Five strikes learn
 to do from the right side against the defence.
23 Rage strike,[54] crooked,[55] cross,[56]
 squinting,[57] with the scalp strike.[58]
24 The Fool[59] counters,[60]
 attack after,[61] and run over[62] hurt the strokes last.
25 Change through,[63] withdraw,[64]
 running through,[65] cutting away,[66] pressing the hands.[67]
26 Hanging,[68] turning[69] with the openings,
 strike, grasp thrust with thrusts

This is regarding the Rage strike[70]

27 When someone strikes at you from above,
 strike a rage strike and draw[71] the point at him,
28 If he notices this,
 take away from above without fear,
29 be stronger, turn against it,
 and take it down. If he notices this, then go down.
30 Note this;
 strike, thrust, guards, soft or hard.
31 At once[72] and the before the after –
 do not haste into war,
32 what the war strikes from
 above, is ashamed from below.
33 In all turnings,
 strikes, thrusts and cuts learn to find.
34 You shall also
 try strikes, thrusts or cuts
35 in all meetings
 with the masters if you wish to fool them.
Do not strike at the sword,
 but always to the openings,
ⅹⅵ to the head, the body
 if you wish to remain unharmed.
ⅹⅶ If you hit or miss,
 always search for the openings,
ⅹⅷ in all teachings
 turn the point to the openings.
ⅹⅸ He who strikes widely around,
 he will often become seriously shamed.
ⅹⅹ Always strike and thrust
 at the closest openings.
ⅹⅺ and you shall also step
 towards the right side.
ⅹⅻ

Glossa. Here note that Liechtenauer strikes an upper strike[73] from the shoulder, it is called the rage strike.

When you are angry and raging, then no strike is as ready as this upper strike struck from the shoulder at the opponent. That is why Liechtenauer means that when someone strikes an upper strike against you, then you shall strike a rage strike at him; that is you move quickly in towards him with your point leading. If he defends against your point, then go quickly up and over to the other side of his sword. If he defends against that as well, then be hard and strong in your sword and turn[74] quickly and skillfully. If he defends against your thrust then throw and strike quickly below and you will hit him in the legs. That is you should always try one after the other so that he never has a chance to come to blows himself. And the aforesaid words – Before, after, at once, weak, Strong, strike, thrust, and Cut, these you should think on well and never forget in your swordplay.

And you should not rush into war, since if you fail above were you aim, then you will hit below as you will hear how to do one out of the other according to the true art, regardless if it is a strike, thrust or cut.

And you shall not strike at the sword, but at the man himself, to the head or the body anywhere you can. One can also understand the first passage so that when you strike from above with the rage strike, then you are also using the point of the rage strike. Just act according to this teaching, and always be in motion, whether you hit him or not, so that he cannot come to blows. And always step well out to the side with the strikes.

And you shall not strike at the sword, but at the man himself, to the head or the body anywhere you can. One can also understand the first passage so that when you strike from above with the rage strike, then you are also using the point of the rage strike. Just act according to this teaching, and always be in motion, whether you hit him or not, so that he cannot come to blows. And always step well out to the side with the strikes. And also know that from two strikes alone come all other strikes that are possible to name: these are the upper strike and the lower strike from both sides. These are the main strikes and form the foundation for all other strikes. They are in themselves basic and come from the point of the sword, which is the centre and core of all other pieces that is well described to you. And from these strikes come the four displacements from each side with which all strikes or thrusts are broken and also all guards, and from them you come into the four hangings and from these one can do fine art as you will hear later. No matter how you fence always aim the point at the opponent’s face or breast, then he will always have to worry that you will be faster since you will have a shorter way to go in to him than he has to you.

And if it happens that the opponent wins the first strike then you must be sure, precise and quick in the turning [75] and as soon as you have turned in to him you shall move at once with speed and your point should always desire his breast and turn[76] and seek its way there as you shall hear later on. And as soon as the opponent binds your sword then your point should not be more than half an ell[77] from the opponent’s breast or face. You shall be careful and note if you can get in behind [his sword] and always go the nearest way and never too wide, so that the opponent does not come before you in case you hesitated and again find yourself to be left hanging or that you defended too weakly or defended too wide and with too much force.

This is about the four openings, etc, etc.

36 Know the four openings
 Take aim so that you strike wisely
37 Without any fear
 Without doubt however they are situated.

Gloss. Note here that Liechtenauer partitions a person in four parts, just as if he drew a line right down the front of their body from the top of the head to down between their legs and a second line that crosses over their body at their waist,

In this way they become four quarters: a right and a left above the girdle and also below the girdle in the same way.

These are the four openings, each of which have their particular applications.

He takes aim of these and never the sword, only the openings.

About the four openings, how one breaks them.

38 If you wish arrange yourself
 To artfully break the four openings
39 Double high
 Mutate right down
40 I say to you truthfully
 No one defends themselves without danger
41 If you have understood this,
 They can scarcely come to blows, etc.

[No gloss]

This is about the crooked cut, etc.

42 Crook up swiftly
 Throw the point onto the hands
43 Crook. Whoever besets well
 Disrupts many cuts with stepping.
44 Cut crooked to the flats
 Of the masters if you wish to weaken them
45 When it sparks above
 Then dismount, that I will praise
46 Don't crook, short cut
 With that, look for the disengage
47 Crook whoever bewilders you
 The noble war bewilders them
48 For they do not truthfully know
 Where they are without danger

Gloss. What Liechtenauer means by this is that if you will command this cut well, you shall step well out sideways[78] to the right side, then deliver your attack and you shall crooked cut fully and swiftly and you shall throw or shoot your point over the opponent's hilt onto their hands and you shall cut to the opponent's flats. Then if you hit their flat, remain strong upon it and press firmly and you shall cut with your flats. Then if you hit their sword, remain strong upon it and press firmly and you shall look for whatever you can subsequently deliver most decisively and directly using cuts, thrust or slices and you shall not cut too short with anything and you shall not forget about disengaging, when it merits it

There is one attack called the failer and it comes from the crooked cut and it lay written after the crosswise cut where the hand is drawn and it should lay before the crosswise cut and it comes in crooked and oblique from below, over the hilt of the opponent, shooting in with the point, just like the crooked cut down from above.

53 The failer misleads
 It wounds according to desire from below
54 The inverter constrains.
 The one who rushes through also wrestles with it.
55 Take the elbow surely
 Spring into their stance.
56 The failer doubles.
 If they make contact, make the slice with it.
57 Double it further
 Step to the left and do not be lazy
ⅹⅹⅲ Because all fencing
 Will by all rights have speed
ⅹⅲ Also in it: audacity,
 Prudence, astuteness and ingenuity

[No gloss]

This is about the crosswise cut, etc.

49 The crosswise cut seizes
 Whatever arrives from the roof.
50 Cross with the strong
 Remember your work with it.
51 Cross to the plow
 Yoke it hard to the ox
52 Whoever crosses themselves well
 Threatens the head[79] by springing

Gloss. Here note and know that of the entire sword, no cut is as intrepid, as intense, as definitive and as good as is the crosswise cut.

And you undertake the crosswise cut together to both sides, with both edges, the back and the front; to all openings, below and above.

And everything that arrives from above, (which are either the descending cuts or whatever else comes down from above) one breaks those and one wards those with the crosswise cuts.

You can deliver these well or your sword well, respectively, if you hurl your sword out in front of your head, (to whichever side you wish) just as if you would come into the upper hanging or winding, only that in the crosswise cut, the flats of their sword are turned: one above or upward, the other below or downward; and the edges to the sides They cross, one to the right and one to the left side.

And it is quite good to come against the sword of the opponent with these crosswise cuts.

And that is because when you come against the sword of your opponent, at the moment it actually happens, they may arduously come away from it, but they will be struck on both sides with crosswise cuts.

Just at the point you deliver a crosswise cut, to whichever side it is, be it above or below, always move your sword up with the hilt in front of the head with your hand flipped over, so that you are absolutely warded and covered.

And you shall deliver the crosswise cuts with some strength.

And when you shall fence for your neck, you shall proceed with the afore-written lore so that you win the Vorschlag with a good crosswise cut.

Whenever you close with your opponent, as soon as you realize that you are able to reach the opponent with a step or a spring, you burst in high from the right side with a crosswise cut with the back edge forwards directly to the opponent's head and you shall let your point shoot and you shall come crosswise so completely that the point winds and hinges (or wraps) itself around the opponent's head like a belt.

Because when you come in from the side well with a good step or spring offline, the opponent must arduously defend or avert this.

And then whenever you win the Vorschlag with the crosswise cut in this fashion on one side, whether you hit or miss, you shall then immediately without pause win the Nachschlag with the crosswise cut on the other side in one fluid motion with the forward edge before any strike or any little thing can somehow redeem the opponent according to the afore-written lore.

And you shall then crosswise cut to both sides to ox and to plow. That is, into the upper openings and into the lower ones from one side to the other, below and above, ceaselessly without pause in this way, so that you are constantly in motion and do not allow the opponent to come to blows.

And each time you do a crosswise cut above or below, you shall always come completely to the side and throw your sword horizontally from above well in front of your head so that you are well covered.

This is about the cockeyed cut, etc.

58 The cockeyed cut breaks into
 Whatever the buffalo cuts or thrusts
59 Whoever threatens to change,
 The cockeyed cut robs them of it.
60 Cock an eye. If they short you,
 Disengaging defeats them.
61 Cock an eye at the point
 And take the neck without fear
62 Cock an eye at the top of the head
 If you wish to ruin the hands.
ⅹⅹⅳ Cock an eye against the right
 If it is that you desire to fence well.
ⅹⅹⅴ The cockeyed cut I prize,
 If it does not arrive too lazily.

Gloss Here note and know that the cockeyed cut is a descending cut from the right side with the back edge of the sword in which the left side is designated and it genuinely goes in askance or oblique, stepped off to one side to the right with a twisted sword and hand flipped over.

And this cut breaks that which the buffalo, that is a peasant, might strike down from above as they tend to do. (Just like the crosswise cut breaks this as well, as was written before)

And whoever threatens with disengaging, they will be dishonored by the cockeyed cut.

And you shall cut cockeyed fully and sufficiently long and shoot the point firmly. Otherwise, you will be harried by disengaging and you shall cut cockeyed with the point to the throat, boldly without fear and...

And wherever you see swords
 Yanked from their sheaths by the both of you
Right then you shall become strong
 And precisely pay attention to their steps all at once.
The Before, The After, the two things
 Gauge and pounce by precept
Follow up all hits
 If you wish to make a fool of the strong.
If they defend, then suddenly withdraw.
 Thrust. If they defend, press into them.
The windings and the hangings,
 Learn to artfully carry out.
And gauge the opponent's applications
 To see if they are soft or hard.
If they fence with strength,
 Then you are artfully equipped.
And if they attack wide or long,
 Shooting defeats them
With your deadly rigor[80]
 If they defend themselves, hit without fear.
Attack suddenly and storm in,
 keep moving fluidly, engage or let pass.
Do not attack the sword,
 Rather keep watch for the openings
You hit or miss
 Then keep it in your mind that you target the openings
With both hands
 Learn to bring your point to the eyes.
Always fence with sense
 And win the Vorschlag every time.
The opponent hits or misses,
 Immediately take target with the Nachschlag's
On both sides,
 Step to the right of the opponent
So that you can begin
 Fencing or wrestling with advantage.

This is about the part cut, etc.

63 The part cut
 Is dangerous to the face
64 With its turn
 And the breast is yet endangered.
65 Whatever comes from it
 The crown removes it.
66 Slice through the crown
 So that you break it beautifully and hard
67 Press the sweeps
 By slicing withdraw it
ⅹⅹⅴ The part cut I prize
 If it does not arrive too lazily.

[No gloss]

Liechtenauer hardly maintains anything about these four positions, only that they come from the over and under hangings from which one may surely deliver applications.

This is about the four positions, etc.

68 Four positions alone
 Defend from those and eschew the common
69 Ox, plow, fool,
 From-the-roof are not contemptible to you

Gloss, etc. Here he names the four positions or four guards, about which there is something to be held.

Yet a person shall absolutely not lay too long in them in any confrontation. For Liechtenauer has a particular proverb: "Whoever lays there, they are dead. Whoever sets themselves in motion, they yet live." And that pertains to those positions that a person shall preferably set themselves in motion with applications. Because if you idle in the guards, you might lose your moment to act by doing that.

The first guard, plow, is this. When you lay the point forward, upon the earth. Or to the side after displacing, this is also called the barrier-guard or the gate.

The second guard, ox is the high hanging from the shoulder.

ⅹⅹⅵ The Fool truly breaks
 Whatever the opponent cuts or thrusts
ⅹⅹⅶ Sweep using hanging
 Immediately place the pursuit

The third guard, the Fool, is the low hanging, with it one breaks all cuts and thrusts whosoever commands it correctly

The fourth guard, the Roof, is long point.

If you direct it with extended arms, the opponent cannot hit it well with neither cut nor thrust.

It can also aptly be called the hanging over the head.

Also know that one breaks all positions and guards by attacking with these such that if you boldly initiate an attack, then the opponent must always come forwards and defend themselves.

That is why Liechtenauer doesn't maintain much about the positions and guards, rather he prefers to craft it so that the opponent discourages themselves, thus he gains the Vorschlag, as has been shown above.

This is about the four parries

70 Four are the parries
 Which also severely disrupt the positions
71 Guard yourself from parrying
 If this happens, it also severely beleaguers you.
72 If you are parried,
 And as it happens
73 Heed what I advise:
 Strike off, cut swiftly with violence
74 Lodge against four regions
 Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish.
ⅹⅹⅷ Whoever parries well,
 This fencer disrupts many cuts.
ⅹⅹⅸ Because you swiftly come
 Into the hangings by parrying.

Gloss. Note here that the four parries are on both sides, with one upper and one lower on each side and they disrupt or break all guards or positions.

And however you carry off or dismiss the opponent's cut, thrust or slice with your sword, be it from above or below, can fully be termed parrying.

And if you are parried, as that happens, withdraw swiftly and quickly initiate a cut together in one flurry.

But if it happens that you parry someone or avert a cut or thrust, you must immediately step in and accompany them on the sword so that the opponent cannot withdraw from you and then you must do whatever you can.

To the extent you hesitate and delay, you take harm.

You must also turn and rotate your point toward the opponent's breast every time, so that they must discourage themselves.

Also a good fencer shall fully learn how to come against the sword of the opponent and they must do that well with the parries, because they come from the four cuts (from each side, a descending cut and a rising cut) and move into the four hangings.

For as soon as one parries from above or below, so shall they immediately come into the hangings.

And like you avert all cuts and stabs with the forward edge, it is as such with the parries.

This is about the pursuing, etc, etc

75 Learn to pursue
 Double or slice into the weapon
76 Two enticements to the outside
 The work begins thereafter
77 And gauge the opponent's application
 Whether they are soft or hard
78 Learn to feel
 Indes, this word cuts sharply
79 Pursuing twice,
 Make the old slice with it.
ⅹⅹⅹ Follow all hits
 Then strengthen if you wish to dishonor the masters
ⅹⅷ In every lesson,
 Turn the point against the opponent's face.
ⅹⅹⅺ With the entire body
 Pursue, always keep your point there.
ⅹⅹⅻ Also learn to swiftly
 Pursue, so you can end well.

[No gloss]

This is about the overrunning. Fencer look into this.

80 Whoever takes aim from below Overrun,
 then they will be shamed.
81 When it clashes above,
  Strengthen, This I wish to praise.
82 Make your work
 Or press hard twice.
ⅹⅹⅹⅲ Whoever presses you down,
 Overrun them, slash sharply again.
ⅹⅹⅹⅳ From both sides
 Overrun and remember the slices.

[No gloss]

This is about displacing. Learn this well.

83 Learn to displace
 Skillfully disrupt cuts and thrusts
84 Whoever thrusts at you
 Your point hits and theirs breaks
85 From both sides
 You will hit every time, if you step.
ⅹⅷ In every lesson,
 Turn the point against one's face.

[No gloss]

This is about the disengaging, etc, etc.

86 Learn to disengage
 From both sides stabbing sharply with it
87 Whoever binds upon you
 Disengaging surely finds them
ⅹⅹⅹⅴ If you have disengaged,
 Do not slash, thrust nor wind lazily.
ⅹⅹⅹⅵ Do not cut at the sword
 Disengage, with that watch.

Gloss. Here note that disengaging goes in completely straight on both sides, down from above and up from below if it is to be otherwise conducted swiftly.

Now if you wish to disengage down from above on the right side, then make a descending cut straight at them then you shoot your point in over their hilt to their left side in such a way that you hit the same little hole and little window completely straight between the edges and the hilt.

If you connect, then you have won. If they ward it so that they lead off and press your point offline with their sword, then from that side let your point sink right around to the other side, under their sword, not wide around, rather, sink below against their sword so that you can keep close and from there move in quite swiftly over their hilt with a good, full thrust and when you feel that you connected, fully follow through.

And the way you execute it on one side, be it from below or above, you execute it on the other.

And whoever binds with you, swiftly keep moving fluidly to their opening against their sword with your point.

If they ward, then disengage as before or wind and feel their application whether it is soft or hard.

Thereafter look to send cuts, thrusts, or slices to the openings.

This is about withdrawing suddenly. Fencer note.

88 Tread close in binds,
 So that withdrawing suddenly gives good opportunities.
89 Suddenly withdraw. If they engage, suddenly withdraw more.
 If they work, wind, that does them harm.
90 Suddenly withdraw all engagements of the masters
 If you wish to dishonor them
ⅹⅹⅹⅶ Suddenly withdraw off of the sword
 And always be mindful of your path.

[No gloss]

This is about rushing through. Look closely.

91 Rush through, let hang
 Grab with the pommel if you wish to grapple.
92 Whoever strengthens up against you,
 Remember to rush through with it.
ⅹⅹⅹⅷ Rush through and shove.
 Invert if they reach for the pommel.

[No gloss]

This is about cutting off, etc, etc

93 Cut off the hard ones
 From below in both paths.
94 Four are the slices
 With two from below, two from above.
ⅹⅹⅹⅸ Crosswise cut whoever would slice.
 It easily evades the harm.
ⅹⅼ Do not slice in fright,
 Always be wary of pursuing.
ⅹⅼⅰ You can slice well
 Any cross, just omit the pursuit.
ⅹⅼⅱ If you wish to remain without harm,
 Then do not be too eager with the slicing.

[No gloss]

This is about the hand pressing, etc, etc.

95 Turn your edge flat
 Press the hands.
ⅹⅼⅲ Another is turning
 One's winding. The third, hanging.
ⅹⅼⅳ If you wish to make the fencers
 Weary, then press with collision
ⅹⅼⅴ Over the hands,
 If one cuts, slice swiftly.
ⅹⅼⅵ Also draw your slices
 Up out over the head.
ⅹⅼⅶ Whoever presses the hands
 Without harm, suddenly retracts the forefinger.

Also know as soon as you avert the opponent's cut or thrust by turning, you must immediately step in and swiftly storm into the opponent

To the extent you hesitate and delay yourself, you take harm.

Also note and know that one with the forward edge of the sword, from the middle of that side to the hilt, averts all cuts and thrusts.

And the closer the opponent's cut or thrust comes to the hilt of your forward edge, the moment you have turned that edge, the better and the more powerfully you can avert those cuts or thrusts.

Because the nearer to the hilt, the stronger and the mightier. And the closer to the point, the weaker and the frailer.

Therefore, whoever wishes to be a good fencer, they shall first and foremost learn to avert well. For if they turn that away well with this, they come immediately into the windings. From them they can conduct the skill and beauty of the technique well.

The forward edge of the sword is called the right edge and all cuts or thrusts are ruined by turning it.

This is about the hanging. Fencer learn this, etc.

96 Two hangings emerge
 From the ground out of each hand
97 In every application
 Cut, Thrust, Position, Soft or Hard
98 Make the speaking window
 Stand freely, watch their situation.
99 Strike them so that it snaps
 Whoever withdraws themselves before you.
100 I say to you truthfully
 No one defends themselves without danger
101 If you have understood
 They cannot come to blows
ⅹⅼⅷ That is, if you remain
 Against the sword, also conduct with it
ⅹⅼⅸ Cuts, thrusts or slices.
 With that, note the feeling
Without any preference.
 You shall also not flee from the sword
ⅼⅰ Because master applications
 Are against the sword by rights.
ⅼⅱ Whoever binds against you
 The war wrestles with them sharply.
ⅼⅲ The noble winds
 Can also surely find them
ⅼⅳ With cuts, with thrusts,
 With slices you tenaciously find them.
[32] In all winds
 You shall find cuts, stabs, slices.
ⅼⅴ The noble hanging
 Cannot exist without the winds.
ⅼⅵ Because from the hangings
 You shall bring the winds.

Gloss, etc. Here note and know that there are two hangings on each side: one downward hanging and one upward hanging. With them, you can come against the sword well, because they arise from the descending cuts and the rising cuts.

Just as you bind with the opponent against their sword or however else you come against their sword, you must remain against their sword and you shall wind and you shall stay against their sword in this way with them, completely at ease, with a good spirit and boldly without any fear.

And you must quite precisely see, recognize and consider whatever they will do or what their situation is, which they will let fly against you.

And standing in this manner against the sword, Liechtenauer calls this a speaking window.

And just when you stand with the opponent against the sword, you must quite precisely note and feel whether their application is soft or hard.

Thereafter, you shall then orient yourself as is often spoken before.

Then if it happens that the opponent for whatever reasons withdraws themselves from your sword just a bit before you act, then you must immediately pursue and must execute cuts or thrusts whichever you can most surely deliver, before they come to anything at all,

For you are always closer to the opponent with this because you stay against their sword and extend your point toward them.

If the opponent withdraws with their [cut or thrust], immediately come forward with your point, before they can recover themselves from or carry out their strike.

But if they stay with you against your sword, then always gauge and note whether they are soft or hard against your sword.

If it happens to be that they are soft and weak, then you shall swiftly and boldly go all in and storm in with your strong and shall force and press their sword out and seek their openings to the head, to the body; just wherever you can get to.

If the opponent is subsequently hard and strong against the sword and intends to force and shove you firmly out, you must then be soft and weak against their strength and yield to their force with your sword.

And in that yielding as their sword drives and glides out, as was written about before, in that or while that happens, before they can recover themselves again, so that they cannot come to any strikes or thrusts, you must take advantage of their openings with cuts, thrusts or slices wherever you can most surely take control of them, according to the afore written lore swiftly, boldly and quickly so that they can never come to blows.

That's why Liechtenauer says: "I say to you truthfully, no one defends themselves without danger. If you have understood this, they can scarcely come to blows". By this he means that no one can defend themselves without danger or harm if you do this according to the written precepts.

If you execute and win the Vorschlag, then the opponent must continually defend or allow themselves to be struck.

For when you execute the Vorschlag, whether you hit or miss; you must swiftly execute the Nachschlag in one fluid motion before the opponent comes to any blows.

For whenever you wish to execute the Vorschlag, you must execute the Nachschlag in one thought and mind in the same way, just as if you intended to execute them as one thing, if it were possible.

That's why Liechtenauer says: "The Before, The After the two things, etc". Because if you execute the Vorschlag, whether you hit or miss, you then always execute the Nachschlag in one fluid motion, swiftly and quickly so that the opponent cannot come to blows with anything and you shall orchestrate it in such a way that you always preempt the opponent in all situations of fencing.

And as soon as you preempt the opponent and win the Vorschlag, immediately execute the Nachschlag.

If you are obligated to not execute the Vorschlag, you always have the Nachschlag available in the sense and in the spirit that you are always in motion and do not either dawdle nor hesitate with anything. Rather, you always conduct one after the other swiftly and quickly, so that the opponent cannot possibly come to anything.

Truly, if you do this, whoever comes away from you unstruck, they must be quite gifted.

For with this skill or with this advantage, it often happens that a peasant or someone unlearned strikes a good master by it because they execute the Vorschlag and boldly storm in.

Because however briefly the Vorschlag is overlooked, the opponent hits Indes and they wound and kill in this way. Because if you focus on the blows and will attend to the defense of them, you are always in greater danger than the one who attacks you and wins the Vorschlag.

Therefore orchestrate it that you are the first in all confrontations of fencing and arrive on the right side of someone, where you are robustly surer of everything than the opponent.

108 From both sides
 Learn eight winds with stepping.
106 And always unite them.
 Combine the winds with three plays
107 So are they twenty
 And four. Simply count them.
105 Fencer, mind this
 And consider the winds correctly
lxiii And learn to command them well
 So you can attack the four openings
lxiv Because each opening
 Objectively has six wounders.

Gloss. Here note and know that the winds are the rightful art and foundation of all fencing of the sword. From them, all other applications and plays come. And one might tediously be a good fencer without the winds, exactly like many ungrounded masters, who dismiss it and say whatever comes from the winds is quite weak and deem it "from the shortened sword". About this, they are simpletons and approach it naively and sing paeans about how they fight "from the long sword". Whoever goes about with extended arms and with extended sword and with the utter fiendishness and strength fueled by the entire power of their body, they will unlikely stay lively throughout and that is agonizing to behold when they stretch themselves out like this just as if they would run down a hare.

And that is completely against the winds and against Liechtenauer's art because there is no strength to respond. Why would anyone's art differ? You should always prioritize strength.

  1. blossfechten
  2. I believe Döbringer is referring to strikes. But it might also be opponents
  3. Wechsler
  4. Zucken
  5. Vor
  6. Nach
  7. Weich
  8. Hart
  9. Indes
  10. Kunheit
  11. Rischeit
  12. List
  13. Vorsichtikeit
  14. Klugheit
  15. Vornuft, vorborgenheit, mosse bevorbetrachtunge, hobsheit, fetikeit
  16. Winden
  17. Hawende
  18. Stechende
  19. Sneydende
  20. Abe und czutreten
  21. Umbeschreiten
  22. Springen
  23. Ort
  24. Sneiden
  25. Gehilcze
  26. Klos
  27. the opponent
  28. Liechtenauer
  29. Vor
  30. Nach
  31. Weich
  32. Hart
  33. Indes
  34. Harnusche
  35. Blos
  36. Vorschlag
  37. Hart
  38. Weich
  39. Stark
  40. Swach
  41. Indes
  42. Nachschlag
  43. Liechtenauer
  44. Zwerchhaw
  45. Wind
  46. his
  47. Wind
  48. Veste
  49. Weich
  50. pushes you aside
  51. Indes
  52. Limpf
  53. Masse
  54. Zornhaw
  55. Krump
  56. Twere
  57. Schiler
  58. Scheitlere
  59. Alber
  60. Vorsatzt
  61. Nochreist
  62. Ueberlawft
  63. Durchwechselt
  64. Zuckt
  65. Durchlawft
  66. Abesneit
  67. Hende drukt
  68. Henge
  69. Wind
  70. Zornhaw
  71. or slide?
  72. Indes
  73. Oberhaw
  74. Wind
  75. Wenden
  76. Winden
  77. 30-40cm
  78. to the side, apart, sideways
  79. The page is clipped. only 'cut' remains. This manuscript spells 'haupte' as 'cutpte'
  80. In all other extant versions this is "point"