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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 12th figure teaches this,}} which says “With empty hand, two sweeps against all weapons.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 12th figure teaches this,}} which says “With empty hand, two sweeps against all weapons.”</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 13th figure teaches this,}} which says “The sheep hold wards all holds, wrestle under eyes.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 13th figure teaches this,}} which says “The sheep hold wards all holds, wrestle under eyes.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{red|Hanging it to the ground<br/>&emsp;Grip over him correctly with gesture}}
 
| {{red|Hanging it to the ground<br/>&emsp;Grip over him correctly with gesture}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride together with someone, if you then come with your right side to his, if he then moves with the right arm over your left shoulder in front around the neck and wants to pull you from the horse as such, then fall to him also around his as such, and move with the left hand behind around him, and grip your right hand with it, and jolt him with both hands to you onto the side, so he must fall from the horse.</p>
+
<p>Gloss:</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} when he moves with the right arm in front over your left shoulder around the neck, then strike your right arm above over his right, and throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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 +
<p>Note, this is when you ride together with someone, if you then come with your right side to his, if he then moves with the right arm over your left shoulder in front around the neck and wants to pull you from the horse as such, then fall to him also around his as such, and move with the left hand behind around him, and grip your right hand with it, and jolt him with both hands to you onto the side, so he must fall from the horse.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 116r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Or}}</p>
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 +
<p>When he moves with the right arm in front over your left shoulder around the neck, then strike your right arm above over his right, and throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
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<p>Note, if he comes with the left side to your right and moves with the left arm behind around the neck or holds you with it by your left shoulder, then turn yourself with the body against him, and rise with the right arm inwards between you and him, and press the left arm away with the strength of your right arm, so you will be free from him.</p>
 
<p>Note, if he comes with the left side to your right and moves with the left arm behind around the neck or holds you with it by your left shoulder, then turn yourself with the body against him, and rise with the right arm inwards between you and him, and press the left arm away with the strength of your right arm, so you will be free from him.</p>
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| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
 
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
  
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure<ref>Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)</ref> teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure<ref>Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)</ref> teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{red|Their strike, their stab<br/>&emsp;Makes useless without any fencing}}
 
| {{red|Their strike, their stab<br/>&emsp;Makes useless without any fencing}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this wrestle is called “the unnamed hold,” so that anyone shall not understand, because with it, one destroys all of a strong person's hews and stabs without any fencing, if one correctly grapples him with it. {{red|b=1|Drive it as follows:}} Note, when you come with your left side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword or otherwise another weapon and wants to strike or stab you, then grab his right hand with your right, and jolt it in front of your chest, and lie yourself with the body strongly upon it, and ride forward, so you break his arm, or he must fall.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this wrestle is called “the unnamed hold,” so that anyone shall not understand, because with it, one destroys all of a strong person's hews and stabs without any fencing, if one correctly grapples him with it.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/><br/></p>
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<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 116v.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
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|-
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|
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Drive it as follows:}}</p>
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 +
<p>Note, when you come with your left side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword or otherwise another weapon and wants to strike or stab you, then grab his right hand with your right, and jolt it in front of your chest, and lie yourself with the body strongly upon it, and ride forward, so you break his arm, or he must fall.</p>
  
 
<p>Or, if you don’t want to throw him, when you have jolted his arm in front of you, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove from you with it, and grab his sword’s pommel with the right, and jolt it to you, so you take his sword.</p>
 
<p>Or, if you don’t want to throw him, when you have jolted his arm in front of you, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove from you with it, and grab his sword’s pommel with the right, and jolt it to you, so you take his sword.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-third figure teaches this,}} which says “The unnamed hold, takes weapons or falls him.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-third figure teaches this,}} which says “The unnamed hold, takes weapons or falls him.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171r.jpg|1|lbl=171r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171r.jpg|1|lbl=171r}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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<p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 117r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 117r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171v.jpg|1|lbl=171v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171v.jpg|1|lbl=171v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 172r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 172r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss, how one breaks the sun showing}}</p>
 
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss, how one breaks the sun showing}}</p>
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<p><br/></p>
 
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<p>When you ride against him, hold your sword with the right hand by the handle, and with the left, grip the middle of the blade, and lie it as such in front of you onto the saddle bow. If he then rides onto your right side against you, and hews in above to the head, then parry with the sword from your left hand, and stab him to the face.</p>
 
<p>When you ride against him, hold your sword with the right hand by the handle, and with the left, grip the middle of the blade, and lie it as such in front of you onto the saddle bow. If he then rides onto your right side against you, and hews in above to the head, then parry with the sword from your left hand, and stab him to the face.</p>
 
<p>Or, if he comes so near to you that you may not stab to him or plant, then move with the front part of your sword in front to the top of his left shoulder around the neck, and jolt him to you onto the side with it, so he falls.</p>
 
 
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| <p>Or, if he comes so near to you that you may not stab to him or plant, then move with the front part of your sword in front to the top of his left shoulder around the neck, and jolt him to you onto the side with it, so he falls.</p>
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<p>When you ride against him with the short sword, if he then rides to the right side and stabs you to the body, set it aside simply with the short sword, and plant to him. Or, if he stabs you to the face, then rise against the stab and wind in the point above to the face. Or, if he comes near to you with it, then wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
<p>When you ride against him with the short sword, if he then rides to the right side and stabs you to the body, set it aside simply with the short sword, and plant to him. Or, if he stabs you to the face, then rise against the stab and wind in the point above to the face. Or, if he comes near to you with it, then wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
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Revision as of 00:19, 13 January 2020

Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew, a name associated with one of the branches of the gloss (see below), or Sigmund ain Ringeck, whose gloss shows strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the Jud Lew gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal version in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, Branch B has been retained here, and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs page.

Temp

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. Literally "from crossed arms".
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "The Following Technique".
  14. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. Letter erased and overwritten.
  17. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  18. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  19. K. "with both hands".
  20. 20.0 20.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  21. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  22. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  23. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  24. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  25. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  26. let your lance sink down in front
  27. bridle?
  28. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  29. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  30. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  31. zu hilff - to help
  32. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  33. Different ink, original text possibly scraped off and replaced.
  34. eysenhuet - iron hat
  35. move him? move to him?
  36. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  37. Letter I smudged.
  38. Other one says "too".
  39. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  40. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  41. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  42. This quatrain is a mess
  43. Scribal error, doubling this phrase.
  44. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  45. Glasgow version adds "him"
  46. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  47. G. "students".
  48. Nota is written in the margin in a different hand, with a line pointing to kainen.
  49. Wie hienach conterfct[?] written below in a different hand.
  50. Corrected from »sein«.
  51. Corrected from »seinem«.
  52. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  53. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  54. G. "work to the openings".
  55. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  56. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  57. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  58. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  59. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  60. I don't get this or the following one.
  61. Corrected from »dam«.
  62. Corrected from »dem«.
  63. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  64. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  65. Corrected from »mit«.