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Difference between revisions of "Sigmund ain Ringeck"

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| <p><br/><br/></p>
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| <p>[1] <br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Here begins Master Johannes Liechtenauer’s mounted fencing, which he has allowed to be written with obscure and disguised words, which is interpreted and glossed here in this book, so that any fencer may well hear it, if he can otherwise fence.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Here begins Master Johannes Liechtenauer’s mounted fencing, which he has allowed to be written with obscure and disguised words, which is interpreted and glossed here in this book, so that any fencer may well hear it, if he can otherwise fence.}}</p>
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| <p>'''This is the text'''</p>
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| <p>[2] '''This is the text'''</p>
 
{|class="zettel"
 
{|class="zettel"
 
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| <p>The 21st figure speaks about this: The strength in the wielding, etc.</p>
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| <p>[3] The 21st figure speaks about this: The strength in the wielding, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| <p>'''This is the text about the play from the first guard'''</p>
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| <p>[4] '''This is the text about the play from the first guard'''</p>
 
{|class="zettel"
 
{|class="zettel"
 
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|  
 
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| <p>The first figure speaks about this: Hunt from the chest, etc.</p>
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| <p>[5] The first figure speaks about this: Hunt from the chest, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the play from the second guard}}</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the play from the second guard}}</p>
  
 
<p>Note, when you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle in front of you athwart on the saddle bow. If he then rides upon you with a stab, then strike his lance away with the front part of your lance onto your right side from you, and wind your lance with it under your right arm, so you hit him and he does not hit you.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle in front of you athwart on the saddle bow. If he then rides upon you with a stab, then strike his lance away with the front part of your lance onto your right side from you, and wind your lance with it under your right arm, so you hit him and he does not hit you.</p>
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| <p>The 17th figure speaks about this: Hunt to the, etc.</p>
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| <p>[7] The 17th figure speaks about this: Hunt to the, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[8] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>'''This is the text'''</p>
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| <p>[9] '''This is the text'''</p>
 
{|class="zettel"
 
{|class="zettel"
 
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| {{red|Grip to his right<br/>So you catch him without fencing}}
 
| {{red|Grip to his right<br/>So you catch him without fencing}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: This is if both fail with the lance while riding, let yours fall from your hand, and draw neither sword nor knife, and ride to him, and turn yourself with your left side to his right, and drive the wrestles described hereafter:</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if both fail with the lance while riding, let yours fall from your hand, and draw neither sword nor knife, and ride to him, and turn yourself with your left side to his right, and drive the wrestles described hereafter:</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[10] <br/></p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with the left side at his right, if he then grips at you with the right hand forward and wants to wrestle, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your right, and drive the unnamed hold, or the secret.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with the left side at his right, if he then grips at you with the right hand forward and wants to wrestle, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your right, and drive the unnamed hold, or the secret.</p>
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, grip his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and raise his right foot with your left foot, so he falls.</p>
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, grip his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and raise his right foot with your left foot, so he falls.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>Or, when you have gripped his right elbow with the left hand, grip his sword pommel with the right, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[12] Or, when you have gripped his right elbow with the left hand, grip his sword pommel with the right, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
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| <p>[13] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note another}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Here note another}}<br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p>This is if you may not come to his right side with the left side, hold yourself with the right at his right. If he then grips to you with wrestling, drive the sheep hold,<ref>“Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.</ref> or the sun showing.</p>
 
<p>This is if you may not come to his right side with the left side, hold yourself with the right at his right. If he then grips to you with wrestling, drive the sheep hold,<ref>“Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.</ref> or the sun showing.</p>
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[15] </p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with your right side at his right, if he then has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then move with your right arm down from above outwards over his right, and press the arm to the right side, and ride forward, so you take his sword, or rise with the right arm from inwards over his right, and press the arm forward to your chest, and ride forward, so you again take his sword.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with your right side at his right, if he then has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then move with your right arm down from above outwards over his right, and press the arm to the right side, and ride forward, so you take his sword, or rise with the right arm from inwards over his right, and press the arm forward to your chest, and ride forward, so you again take his sword.</p>
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| <p>The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand…</p>
+
| <p>[16] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand…</p>
 
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|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[17] </p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| <p>[18] </p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} Grip his right hand with your left and jolt it in front of your chest, and turn your horse from him, so he falls.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} Grip his right hand with your left and jolt it in front of your chest, and turn your horse from him, so he falls.</p>
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, grip his right elbow with the right hand, and raise his right foot with your right foot, so he must fall.</p>
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, grip his right elbow with the right hand, and raise his right foot with your right foot, so he must fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The second figure speaks about this: Turn around with the horse, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[20] The second figure speaks about this: Turn around with the horse, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
+
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 
{|class="zettel"
 
{|class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Or, when you hurry or run, you can’t come to the art or to the play, and are similarly insecure on the horse.</p>
+
| <p>[22] Or, when you hurry or run, you can’t come to the art or to the play, and are similarly insecure on the horse.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The 22nd figure speaks about this: This is now the spear, run, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[23] The 22nd figure speaks about this: This is now the spear, run, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[24] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|  
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+
| <p>[25] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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+
| <p>[26] </p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
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|  
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+
| <p>[27] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[28] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[29] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
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+
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the tasset<ref>Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.</ref> hew}}</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| {{red|If it converts itself<br/>So that sword will be dealt against sword}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| {{red|Correctly grasp the strong<br/>You search and note the tasset hew}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if you both have come from the lance, and shall fence with swords, lay your sword on<ref>Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.</ref> the left arm in the guard, and ride directly to him under eyes to his right side. If he then hews an over hew upon you, rise with the sword and parry the hew strongly with the long edge, and stab him to the face. If he parries the stab and rises high, hew with the long edge to the left hand, or to the reins,<ref>“Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.</ref> and if the horse tricks you,<ref>Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.</ref> then hew him to the right leg in the running away.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
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+
| <p>[31] The 7th figure speaks about this: Here begins, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>8</small>
 +
| {{red|Learn to compel<ref>Original: “schütten”.</ref> well strong<br/>All hits without danger, distress him with it}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>9</small>
 +
| {{red|Plant without danger<br/>Whoever brushes, hang to his hair}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, that is, that you always shall bind on artfully with the sword, be it with hews or with stabs, and don’t withdraw yourself from the sword, and force him with the point to the plays written hereafter.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
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+
| <p>[33] The 20th figure speaks about this: Compel against, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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+
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Assess if you may plant to him with the sword. If he parries onto his left side and rides to you, rise with the pommel from below, through his sword, around his neck, and come with the left to the pommel to help, and jolt him to you onto the side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[35] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[36] The 6th figure speaks about this: Grip at with both hands, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[37] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew, move with your crossguard<ref>Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.</ref> under [his] jawbone, and grip him with the left hand by the helmet, and pull to yourself with it, and shove<ref>“Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.</ref> from you with the crossguard, so he falls.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[38] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your hew or stab, and hurries to you, grip his right hand with the left, and with the right, set your point into his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[39] The 8th figure speaks about this: Turn the right hand to him, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[40] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[41] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your over hew with the lateral,<ref>“Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.</ref> rise high with the right hand, and [hang]<ref>The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.</ref> with the point over top of his sword to his face or chest, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
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| <p>[42] </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,992: Line 3,016:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[43] The 4th figure speaks about this: Plant high, swing, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
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| <p>[44] </p>
 
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|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>10</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to touch<br/>Long hunting, that severely hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>11</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever wards that<br/>So wind that, also hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| {{red|If he will continue it<br/>Catch reins, and let the bit guard}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Hold your sword next to your right leg in the guard, and ride to him as such, and stab him to the face with long outstretched arm. If he parries the stab, rise with the right hand and wind at the sword, and remain with the point in front of his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,015: Line 3,051:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[46] The 4th speaks about this: Plant high, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,022: Line 3,058:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he then parries with the sword and hurries to you, rise with your hand inwards over his right arm, and grip your reins with left inverted hand under his arm, therefore you engulf<ref>“Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.</ref> his hand with the reins.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,029: Line 3,065:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[48] The 10th figure speaks: Press firm, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 3,036: Line 3,072:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[49] {{red|b=1|Here note the set-asides with the sword on horseback}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Note, when you ride to the man, and have your sword in a guard, note to which side he hews to you. If he hews to you from above to your left side, wind also onto your left side against his hew. Or, if he hews to you to your right side, wind also onto your right, so that your thumb always comes under, and with the parry, always set the point into his face, and drive this out against the lance also as such.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 3,045: Line 3,083:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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+
| <p>[50] The 19th figure speaks about this: Plant the point, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 3,052: Line 3,090:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[51] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew,<ref>Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.</ref> if he then remains by you as such, move with the pommel outside over top of his right hand, and shove the hand in front of you with the crossguard to your saddle bow, and with your left, grip his sword’s pommel, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
Line 3,062: Line 3,102:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[52] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
Line 3,070: Line 3,110:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[53] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| {{red|Think about the opening<br/>Search for knife, don’t ward pommel}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is when you shall fence with someone in armor, you shall, before all cases, know to which side you may best defeat him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, under the face, or under the armpit, or outwards on the hand in the glove, or inwards into the hand of the palm, and in all joints of the armor at arms and at legs, and search for all the openings with stabs, and not with strikes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,084: Line 3,130:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[55] And if you may not quite work with the sword, when you come too near to him, work with the dagger, and if you may not come to your dagger, then assess if you may take his, and work with it to the opening.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,091: Line 3,137:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[56] The 11th figure speaks: Search for the opening, arm, leather, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 3,098: Line 3,144:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| {{red|Learn two sweeps<br/>With empty hand against the weapons}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, that you, before all cases, shall know and learn to take, how you shall work with free hand on horseback, and most importantly<ref>“Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.</ref> with the wrestling. Therefore, you shall address the reins as such, so that you may shift from one hand to the other, and therefore search for your advantage with it, and that is the greatest art on horseback.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 3,105: Line 3,157:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[58] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand, learn, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 3,112: Line 3,164:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sheep hold}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>15</small>
 +
| {{red|The sheep hold teaches<br/>Whoever turns themselves wrestling to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| {{red|As under eyes<br/>Grip him correctly with striking}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is the best wrestling of one on horseback, drive it as follows: When you want to wrestle, ride equally to the man under eyes to his right side, and engage him with wrestling. If he then attacks<ref>Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.</ref> against you, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it under your chest, and move over it with your right arm, and grip the saddle bow with it, and ride forward, so he must fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
Line 3,121: Line 3,182:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[60] The 13th figure speaks about this: The sheep hold wards…</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,128: Line 3,189:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|This is the text about wrestling}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>17</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever attacks you<br/>Against riding, he will be joined}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| {{red|Hanging to the earth<br/>Over grip him correctly with conduct}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, when you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his right side to yours, and falls with the right arm forward into your neck, move also around his as such, and move with the left hand behind around him, and come with it to your right to help, and jolt him to you onto the side, or strike your right arm above over his right, and throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,135: Line 3,205:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|Another}}<ref>“Aliud,” Latin.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his left side to your right, and if he falls with the left hand behind around your neck, rise with the right arm behind you strong over his left, and come with the left hand to the right hand to help, and press his left arm to him tight behind into your nape. If he then swerves with the arm, grip his left hand with the left, and drive the unnamed hold, or the forbidden hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 3,142: Line 3,214:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he grips behind around with the left hand and wants to wrestle, strike with the right arm outwards strong down from above into the joint of his left arm, and ride forward.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,150: Line 3,222:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[64] The 26th figure: Over grip, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,157: Line 3,229:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| {{red|To both sides<br/>You learn all ridings against him}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, to whichever side you come to the man, you shall hold yourself near to him, and drive the art as follows: If you come upon him with your right side, drive the previous plays, which pertain to the right side. Or, if you come upon him with the left side, drive also what pertains to the left side, so he may not come to his plays.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,164: Line 3,242:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|This is the text to the left side}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>20</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to ride<br/>Horse runs to the other side}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>21</small>
 +
| {{red|Compel the strong<br/>Plant with it, distress}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| {{red|In weapon which is valuable to you<br/>Wide sword, catch, carry, near the hand hate}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you want to ride to someone to his left side, you shall also bind on strong with the sword, be it with hewing or with stabbing, and always aim for the openings with the point, as you have done to the right side. With it, you force him to the plays which pertain to the left side, because there are several plays which one drives to the left side, which one cannot drive to the right.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 3,171: Line 3,261:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[67] The fifth figure speaks about this: The compelling, going before all, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 3,178: Line 3,268:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[68] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, when you ride to him to the left side, hew in an over hew strong. If he then also hews in strong and wants to plant to you, you shall parry him while he is far from you with the sword. Or, if he comes near to you, grip his right hand with your left.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 3,185: Line 3,275:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[69] The 16th figure speaks: Catch the weapon, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
Line 3,192: Line 3,282:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>23</small>
 +
| {{red|Or turn around<br/>Rested, defended to hunting}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| {{red|With all arts<br/>He hunts, he sends as is good}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if your horse carries you away in front of him, so that you can drive no play upon him, turn yourself to him to the side, there you may best drive the advantage.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|1|lbl=79v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|1|lbl=79v}}
Line 3,199: Line 3,298:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[71] The 14th figure speaks about this: In the length, turn around, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,206: Line 3,305:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| {{red|If you pass<br/>And go left against your will}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| {{red|Touch upon your sword<br/>And wrestle, strike, not firmly}}
 +
|}
 +
Gloss: That is, if your horse tricks you, or how that happened, that you must ride to his left side against your will, lay your sword upon the left arm. If he then hews to the head, rise with the sword, and parry with the long edge. If you then come near to him with the parry, then move with the left arm over his right hand, and press it firmly as such into your left side, and bash him with the pommel under the face.
 +
</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,213: Line 3,322:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[73] The 18th figure speaks about this: If you hunt left, fall upon it, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 3,220: Line 3,329:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Note}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} when you press his right arm into his<ref>Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.</ref> left side, and ride away next to him, you take his sword. You may also catch with the reins into the hand with the move-over if you want.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 3,227: Line 3,338:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[75] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you parry his over hew as is written before, hew in a free over hew above to the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 3,234: Line 3,345:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you have your sword on the left arm in the guard, if one then rides upon you with a lance to your left side, rise well with the pommel and let the blade hang to the left side, and set aside his lance with it as such, and hew to his head, or plant to him. Or, if he rides to you with the lance to your right side, sweep straight up with the sword to his lance, and wind into the over hanging, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,242: Line 3,353:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| {{red|Hunt one to the right<br/>Half turn around, ward fencing}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>28</small>
 +
| {{red|Catching with arm<br/>So may no harm near you}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you become forced to flee, and you were armed,<ref>“Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.</ref> and have nothing but a sword, and and then one plants with the lance behind to your right side, turn yourself out of the stab against him upon your left side, and turn yourself with the sword against his lance, and plant to him. Or, if he plants to you behind to your left side, turn yourself onto your right against him, and wind with the sword as before, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,249: Line 3,369:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[78] The 24th figure speaks about this: If one hunts you from both sides, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,256: Line 3,376:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Item:}} While you flee, you shall also know to nimbly turn yourself around in the saddle from one side to the other, and stab behind you, and set-aside sword and lance to both sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|Note a nimbleness with the lance}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you are hunted,<ref>“Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.</ref> and have a lance, if someone hunts towards you, and also has one, hold your lance with the right hand on the right shoulder, and when you see that he is nearly behind at you, raise the lance over the head upon your left shoulder, and let your point remain behind you, and turn yourself against him upon your left side, and strike your lance with it under the arm, so you come equally with him under the eyes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,271: Line 3,393:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>29</small>
 +
| {{red|The knife taking<br/>Learn to hold without shame}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, how [you] shall take his sword or his knife or the dagger: Ride to his right side, and search for the opening, however you may, with hew or with stab. If he parries and comes near to you, grab his right arm behind his right hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it in front of you, and hold him firmly by it, and bend  your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must drop his sword.<ref>“Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”</ref> And when you hold him by the arm as such, you may strike him with the sword, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[82] The 25th figure speaks about this: The knife taking, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[83] {{red|b=1|This is about the unnamed hold}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>30</small>
 +
| {{red|The unnamed<br/>Turn the strong, they stab}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| {{red|They strike<br/>Destroyed without any reach}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the unnamed hold: When you come to him with the left side, if he then has drawn his weapon and wants to strike you, or grabs you with the right hand in front with wrestling, grab his right arm with your right hand in front by the hand, and jolt it under your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forward, so you break his arm.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,293: Line 3,430:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If you don’t want to break the arm, when you have jolted him in front of your chest, grab his right elbow with your left hand, and shove him from you with it, and grab his sword by the pommel with your right hand, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,300: Line 3,437:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[85] The 23rd figure speaks about this: The unnamed hold, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,307: Line 3,444:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sun showing}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to grapple<br/>You shall not allow riding next to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>33</small>
 +
| {{red|The sun showing<br/>If you want to bend the left arm}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| {{red|The front head touches<br/>Against after press very firmly}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| {{red|So that he sinks himself<br/>And rarely lengthens again on}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the best wrestling of one on horseback. When you ride together with him, if you then come with your right side to his right, hold yourself near to him, and grip behind around him with your left hand, and grab him with it by his left arm, and pull it tight around to you, and with your right hand, grip him below at his jawbone, and shove it firmly at you, upwards up, against his left side, so you turn his face against the sun. With it, you win his momentum, so that he may not hold himself.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,315: Line 3,467:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if you come with the left side to his right, grab him as before, and throw him behind you onto your left side, and that wrestle is called the sun showing.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,322: Line 3,474:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[88] The 15th figure speaks about this: In the after, catch the hand, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[89] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>36</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever aims that<br/>Grip over, then he will be shamed}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| {{red|Press arm to head<br/>The grip has often robbed saddle}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, this is the break against the sun showing. If someone comes with his right side to your right and wants to throw you with the sun showing, note when he grabs you with the right hand at the jawbone, then strike the right arm over his right, and jolt it firmly to your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forwards, so you throw him, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he comes with his left side to your right and grabs with his left hand behind around you towards your left arm, rise from below backward over his left arm and press him tight behind in the nape. If he then weasels away with the arm, grab his left hand with the left hand, and throw him with the unnamed hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 3,343: Line 3,506:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[91] The fourth figure speaks about this: Whoever wards the stab, catch to him, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 3,350: Line 3,513:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|Another text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>38</small>
 +
| {{red|Yet if you want to moderate<ref>Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”</ref> yourself<br/>Of the catching, light letting go from you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| {{red|Then lead wrestling<br/>Caught without laces}}<ref>Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”</ref>
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is called the secret wrestle, if you want to make it common, and allow to be evidently seen, drive it as follows: Ride with your left side at his right. If he grips you in front with wrestling, with your right hand, grip his right arm in front by the hand, and jolt it forward, and with the left hand, grip his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and shove his right arm above over the left arm with the right hand, and raise his right arm upwards as such with the left arm. Therefore you have caught him and bound without any bind, and drive this to both sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
Line 3,359: Line 3,531:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[93] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>40</small>
 +
| {{red|Note the before-hold<br/>It continually breaks his strength}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, you shall always come before, sooner than he, with the grappling and wrestling which you have heard, and most importantly with the four chief wrestles,<ref>“vier haubt ringñ”</ref> with which you let him come to no plays, that is the sheep hold, the unnamed hold, the sun showing, and the secret hold, and of the catches with the reins, you shall not forget with, and when you can do the wrestles well, no one may throw you hard from the horse without harm.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
 +
 
== Temp ==
 
== Temp ==
 
Apart from the glosses, a brief text covering long sword fencing from a low guard called [[iron gate]] or [[side guard]] is also typically attributed to Ringeck. This is less certain, since this text also appears in [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]]'s 1516 work ''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'', which was published within a decade of the creation of both of the extant manuscript copies. As Paurñfeyndt includes the entire section and no other material associated with Ringeck, it is entirely possible that Paurñfeyndt was the original author of this text, or that both Paurñfeyndt and the scribes of the Dresden and Glasgow manuscripts were copying from an unknown third source.
 
Apart from the glosses, a brief text covering long sword fencing from a low guard called [[iron gate]] or [[side guard]] is also typically attributed to Ringeck. This is less certain, since this text also appears in [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]]'s 1516 work ''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'', which was published within a decade of the creation of both of the extant manuscript copies. As Paurñfeyndt includes the entire section and no other material associated with Ringeck, it is entirely possible that Paurñfeyndt was the original author of this text, or that both Paurñfeyndt and the scribes of the Dresden and Glasgow manuscripts were copying from an unknown third source.

Revision as of 03:56, 23 February 2020

Sigmund ain Ringeck
Period 15th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the name "Schining" (assigned him by Hans Medel) is uncertain, the suffix "ein Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify Schirrmeister, a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially Schirmmeister, a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.[1] Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that he was connected in some way to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer—his name was included by Paulus Kal in his roll of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in ca. 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of Johannes Liechtenauer further narrows the list down to just two. If the MS 3227a is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of H. Beringer) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored long sword fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he was one of only a few known authors of a gloss of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.

Stemma

While only one treatise bears Ringeck's name, a gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword, he is often considered to be the author of the glosses of the short sword and mounted verses as well. The latter are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire MS Dresd.C.487 (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the long sword is always accompanied by one or both of the others. All three seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as "pseudo-Peter von Danzig", which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its author's name.

Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the MS E.1939.65.341 (Glasgow) and MS Var.82 (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that source for the Dresden did as well, though the scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,[5] one merely dropped the word "pictured",[6] and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"[7]).

Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck

The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just elevent paragraphs added by Hans von Speyer as addenda to certain sections of the Jud Lew gloss in his 1491 manuscript M.I.29 (Salzburg).[8] A twelfth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.

The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing substantial portions of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,[4] and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.

The 1508[9] Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.

The third version from this period is another fragment, published by Freifechter Andre Paurñfeyndt in 1516 as part of his treatise Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey ("Foundation of the Chivalric Art of Swordplay")[10] and containing only the material on fencing from low guards; in characteristic fashion, Paurñfeyndt does not attribute this material to Ringeck. The section is illustrated by the same crude woodblock art as the rest of his book, though their connection to Ringeck's original text is doubtful. (Paurñfeyndt's text would be reprinted by Christian Egenolff four times between 1531 and 1558,[11] transcribed by Lienhart Sollinger into the Cod. I.6.2º.2 in 1564,[12] and translated to Walloon and printed by Willem Vorsterman in 1538.[13])

The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, Paulus Hector Mair produced the Reichstadt Nr. 82 (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master Antonius Rast.[14] Included in this manuscript was a version of the pseudo-Danzig long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text (speculatively, perhaps the rest of Rast's copy of Ringeck was not among the papers Mair purchased, so he attempted to fill the gap using the copy of pseudo-Danzig that he already possessed).

The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter Joachim Meÿer until his death in 1571.[15] It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke, and also omits the entire section on fencing from the low guards; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).

All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).

Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.

(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg,[16] which was acquired by Mair and bound into the Cod. I.6.2º.5 after 1566.[17] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including pseudo-Danzig and Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)

Treatise

Temp

Temp

Apart from the glosses, a brief text covering long sword fencing from a low guard called iron gate or side guard is also typically attributed to Ringeck. This is less certain, since this text also appears in Andre Paurñfeyndt's 1516 work Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey, which was published within a decade of the creation of both of the extant manuscript copies. As Paurñfeyndt includes the entire section and no other material associated with Ringeck, it is entirely possible that Paurñfeyndt was the original author of this text, or that both Paurñfeyndt and the scribes of the Dresden and Glasgow manuscripts were copying from an unknown third source.

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Wierschin, Martin. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens. München: Beck, 1965.
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. For a different perspective, see Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. Dresden fol. 31r.
  6. Dresden fol. 20r.
  7. Dresden fol. 27r.
  8. MS M.I.29 is signed and internally dated on folio 158r.
  9. MS E.1939.65.341 is internally dated on folio 22r.
  10. Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey is internally dated on page K4r.
  11. The first three printings of Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche Kunst are undated, but the first edition must have been produced between 1531, when Egenolff set up his shop in Frankfurt-am-Main, and Hans Weiditz' death in 1537; the second and third editions were released some time before Egenolff's own death in 1555. The only dated edition was published by Egenolff's heirs in 1558 (see page XLVIIv).
  12. The material in Cod. I.6.2º.2 based on Paurñfeyndt is internally dated on folio 71r
  13. La noble science des ioueurs d'espee is internally dated on page 35v.
  14. The origin of Reichstadt Nr. 82 is detailed on folio IIr.
  15. The only date, 1570, is given on folio 123 (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See Joachim Meyer. The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Trans. Jeffrey L. Forgeng. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.
  16. Medel's section of the Cod. I.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  17. The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  18. 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.40 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.50 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 18.58 18.59 18.60 18.61 18.62 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  19. "Known as" omitted from the Dresden.
  20. D. schirmaiste~, R. schiermeister.
  21. Count Palatine
  22. Duke
  23. "and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.
  24. Corrected from »am«.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  26. lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm
  27. alt: instruction
  28. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  29. Possibly "strongly desire to conduct".
  30. 30.0 30.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  31. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  32. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  33. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  34. Alternately: weapons.
  35. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  36. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  37. Possibly "wages".
  38. Lit: "hew other hews".
  39. "In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.
  40. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  41. R. "the".
  42. 42.00 42.01 42.02 42.03 42.04 42.05 42.06 42.07 42.08 42.09 42.10 42.11 42.12 42.13 42.14 42.15 42.16 42.17 42.18 42.19 42.20 42.21 42.22 42.23 42.24 42.25 42.26 42.27 42.28 42.29 42.30 42.31 42.32 42.33 42.34 42.35 42.36 42.37 42.38 42.39 42.40 42.41 42.42 42.43 42.44 42.45 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  43. 43.0 43.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  44. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (offset).
  45. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 D. "the".
  47. D. bind: "bind-in".
  48. R. Jun ger [sic].
  49. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  50. D. hurten: "to rush".
  51. "The hew, or thrust, or cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  52. "Nor thrust… cut" omitted from the Rostock.
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 54.6 54.7 54.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  55. 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 55.11 55.12 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  56. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  57. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 17rv
  58. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  59. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  60. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  61. Rostock hews off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  62. Alternately: part, piece.
  63. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  64. 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.5 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  65. Likely a scribal error and should be "his".
  66. "The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  67. S. "the over- or under-hew".
  68. Possibly "it".
  69. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  70. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.
  71. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v
  72. This phrase has no verb, likely due to scribal error; it has been completed based on the version in the treatise of Hans Medel.
  73. Rostock begins again at this point.
  74. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  75. S. "Item".
  76. 76.0 76.1 Paragraphs 33 and 35 are substantially similar and are likely based on the same original text. However, they contain significant differences in the beginning of the device and it is unclear which represents the original version; the version found in Rostock and Salzburg seems to refer to the technique in 32, whereas the Dresden refers to 34 (not found in the others). In this compilation, the two versions are displayed separately, first that of the Rostock and Salzburg (34) and then that of the Dresden (35).
  77. S. "if".
  78. S. "his".
  79. S. "the".
  80. S. "where he shall guard himself".
  81. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  82. D. has the word "Gloss" here; this appears to be a scribal error, as it corresponds to the position of the phrase "as is pictured here-after" in the Rostock, and all instances of that phrase were removed by the scribe of the Dresden.
  83. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  84. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  85. D. "thwart".
  86. 86.0 86.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  87. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  88. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  89. "-Cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  90. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  91. 91.0 91.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  92. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 21v
  93. R. "wind".
  94. "With the over-hew" omitted from the Glasgow.
  95. R. unternn: "lower".
  96. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  97. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  98. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  99. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  100. "Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  101. G. twerhaw: "thwart-hew".
  102. R. "wind".
  103. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  104. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  105. Alternately: to turn around.
  106. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  107. D. "is".
  108. 108.0 108.1 D. "right".
  109. D. mit auß: "with from".
  110. As a thief would break into a house.
  111. 111.0 111.1 111.2 111.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  112. Word is doubled in the Glasgow.
  113. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  114. "Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock
  115. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  116. "With upright arms… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.
  117. 117.0 117.1 117.2 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  118. R. "pictured here".
  119. 119.00 119.01 119.02 119.03 119.04 119.05 119.06 119.07 119.08 119.09 119.10 119.11 119.12 119.13 119.14 119.15 119.16 119.17 119.18 119.19 119.20 119.21 119.22 119.23 119.24 119.25 119.26 119.27 119.28 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  120. Corrected from »seiner«.
  121. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  122. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  123. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  124. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  125. S. "You may also do this".
  126. "A free over-hew" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  127. "With the visage" omitted from the Salzburg.
  128. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  129. D., G. "the head".
  130. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  131. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  132. 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  133. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  134. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  135. "If he displaces" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  136. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  137. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  138. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  139. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  140. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  141. G., R., S. "Item".
  142. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  143. "The point" omitted from the Salzburg.
  144. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  145. D., G., R. "you".
  146. D., G., S. "the".
  147. "In the displacement" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  148. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  149. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  150. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  151. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  152. G. "since".
  153. 153.0 153.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 28v
  154. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  155. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  156. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  157. D., G., S. "cut".
  158. 158.0 158.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  159. S. "well broken".
  160. "From the under-cut" omitted from the Salzburg.
  161. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  162. Imperative of fliehen.
  163. alt: unpleasant, repugnant
  164. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  165. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  166. 166.0 166.1 166.2 166.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  167. "With the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  168. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  169. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  170. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  171. G. "Guard yourself displacing crossed in front".
  172. D. instead continues "that the four displacings, they are the four hews".
  173. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "displaces".
  174. D. "oxen".
  175. S. other.
  176. "they allow the... do not parry" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  177. S. Item
  178. R. "This is when one displaces your over-hew"; S. "If your over-hew is parried and it comes nearing upon him".
  179. D. "in front of".
  180. G., S. versetzte: "shifted, misplaced, displaced, parried".
  181. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  182. 182.0 182.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 31r
  183. "And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  184. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  185. 185.0 185.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  186. S. "also".
  187. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  188. D. "grasp with the sword".
  189. G. magst: "may".
  190. 190.0 190.1 190.2 G. "the".
  191. Alternately: defense.
  192. "A strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  193. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  194. 194.0 194.1 "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  195. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  196. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  197. Corrected from »dem«.
  198. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  199. R. "or".
  200. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  201. D. haw: "hew".
  202. Mähnen, menen, mennen. To drive cattle, to impel an animal to move(in particular a driver or rider with a cattle-drive). To exert command over something reacting. To lead.
  203. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  204. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  205. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  206. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  207. S. "soft or hard".
  208. S. "feeling".
  209. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  210. D., G. gewar, S. ÿnnen.
  211. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 33v
  212. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  213. D. "winds".
  214. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  215. D. "Item".
  216. G. "note".
  217. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  218. Zucken has the connotation of yanking something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the yank.
  219. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  220. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  221. D. "(and with other plays)".
  222. 222.0 222.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  223. G. "next to this".
  224. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  225. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  226. Corrected from »dim«.
  227. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  228. D. "left hand inverted".
  229. 229.0 229.1 D. "your".
  230. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  231. 231.0 231.1 G. "his".
  232. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  233. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  234. Corrected from »sinem«.
  235. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  236. 236.0 236.1 236.2 236.3 Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  237. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  238. D. "A sword taking".
  239. Read: "attacks".
  240. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  241. 241.0 241.1 G. far: "drive".
  242. D. "Yet another cut".
  243. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  244. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  245. G. "your".
  246. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  247. "With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  248. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  249. Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  250. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  251. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  252. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  253. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  254. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  255. 255.0 255.1 255.2 255.3 255.4 255.5 255.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  256. A. "and".
  257. 257.0 257.1 257.2 257.3 257.4 257.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  258. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  259. 259.0 259.1 259.2 259.3 259.4 259.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  260. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  261. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  262. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  263. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  264. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  265. abziechen.
  266. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  267. "just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  268. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  269. A., D. "the".
  270. D. "hews from above to below".
  271. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  272. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  273. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  274. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  275. shifting, balance
  276. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  277. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  278. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  279. Dresden reverses these.
  280. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  281. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  282. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  283. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  284. D. "understand".
  285. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  286. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  287. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  288. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  289. A. "over-windings-upon".
  290. A. "and".
  291. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  292. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  293. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  294. D. "wounder".
  295. R. and V. seems to match the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.
  296. Orignal: “ableyttest,” - “ableiten,” literally to lead away, also to derive, deduce, divert, drain, deflect, channel off.
  297. “Zu dem treffen,” could be in the sense of the two fencers meeting each other, or one lance connecting to the other, or a lance landing a hit. Context indicates that it is the first for this one.
  298. “Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.
  299. Original: “sytigklich,” or “sittiglich,” at the time meant “moderately” in the sense of slowly or not too fast, modern “sittlich” means morally or ethically.
  300. Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.
  301. Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.
  302. “Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.
  303. Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.
  304. Original: “schütten”.
  305. Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.
  306. “Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.
  307. “Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.
  308. The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.
  309. Corrected from »geradt«.
  310. “Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.
  311. Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.
  312. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.
  313. “Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.
  314. Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.
  315. “Aliud,” Latin.
  316. Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.
  317. “Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.
  318. “Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.
  319. “Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”
  320. Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”
  321. Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”
  322. “vier haubt ringñ”
  323. D. nebenhůtten: "side-guard"; G. Eysenen pfort, "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.
  324. streichn.
  325. D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".
  326. wiewohl.
  327. G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."
  328. 328.00 328.01 328.02 328.03 328.04 328.05 328.06 328.07 328.08 328.09 328.10 328.11 328.12 328.13 328.14 328.15 328.16 Word omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  329. Clause omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  330. P. "from his right shoulder".
  331. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".
  332. einduplieren.
  333. 333.0 333.1 P. "ear".
  334. "As before" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  335. "-Around quickly" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  336. "The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  337. "And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.
  338. "-In straight" omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  339. "At hand" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  340. "To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.
  341. "Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  342. D. haüpt, G. kopf.
  343. "You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  344. stoß; this could either be to stab him or hit him.
  345. "Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  346. Word omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  347. P. farñ: "drive".
  348. "Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  349. "Behind his neck" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  350. Marginalia: The word schrit ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and schret ("a step or make a step") appears under.
  351. obenauf.
  352. D. "opposite".
  353. "As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  354. 354.0 354.1 Word omitted from the Glasgow and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  355. "In front" omitted from the Dresden.
  356. Alternately: "parrying(s)".
  357. 357.0 357.1 I.e. closing-in. It is not "the nach" (after) because nach is neuter and would be das nach. G. also writes die neche. næhe could also be "the boat".
  358. Corrected from »dem«.
  359. Corrected from »dim«.
  360. P. "side-guard".
  361. "And from… stands forward" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  362. Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  363. P. "side-guard".
  364. "With that" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  365. P. "convenient".
  366. P. "then escape afterwards".
  367. "Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  368. 368.0 368.1 368.2 Clause omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  369. "To the other side" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  370. P. "So thwart in before to his neck".
  371. P. "From the wrath-cut".
  372. "Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  373. "With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  374. P. "arms".
  375. D., G. "will take".
  376. Sic, lit. "you".
  377. "And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  378. Corrected from »dinem«.