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{{about|the master and his glosses|the treatise on fencing from the sweeps sometimes ascribed to him|Stuck im aufstreichen}}
 
{{infobox writer
 
{{infobox writer
 
| name                = [[name::Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
 
| name                = [[name::Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
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| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 
  | [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.I.29]] (1491)  
 
  | [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.I.29]] (1491)  
 +
| [[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|MS 26-232]] (1512)
 +
| [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (1553)
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| [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. I.6.2º.2]] (1564)
 +
}}
 +
| principal manuscript(s)={{collapsible list
 
  | [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (1504-19)
 
  | [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (1504-19)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
| [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (1553)
 
| [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. I.6.2º.2]] (1564)
 
 
  | [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (ca. 1570)
 
  | [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (ca. 1570)
 
}}
 
}}
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
 
| first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2001
 
| first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2001
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
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  | [[Hans Medel]]
 
  | [[Hans Medel]]
 
  | [[Joachim Meÿer]]
 
  | [[Joachim Meÿer]]
| [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
| awards              =  
 
| awards              =  
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The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] further narrows the list down to just two. If the [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was [[wikipedia:Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht I]], who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of [[H. Beringer]]) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been [[wikipedia:Albert III, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht III]], who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.<ref>For a different perspective, see [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> [[wikipedia:Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht IV]] claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.
 
The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] further narrows the list down to just two. If the [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was [[wikipedia:Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht I]], who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of [[H. Beringer]]) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been [[wikipedia:Albert III, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht III]], who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.<ref>For a different perspective, see [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> [[wikipedia:Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht IV]] claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.
  
Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]]. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on unarmored [[long sword]] fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century<ref name="Hoffman">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre"]. ''Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden''. Retrieved 26 May 2015.</ref> (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.
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Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]]. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on unarmored [[long sword]] fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century<ref name="Hoffman">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre"]. ''Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden''. Retrieved 26 May 2015.</ref> (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he was one of only a few known authors of a gloss of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.
  
 
== Stemma ==
 
== Stemma ==
  
While there are four texts commonly attributed to Ringeck, glosses of the three sections of the Recital of Johannes Liechtenauer (long sword fencing, short sword fencing, and fencing from horseback) as well as an addendum to the long sword material covering fencing from a low guard called [[side guard]] or [[iron gate]], only the long sword gloss actually bears his name. The others are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the other two glosses are always accompanied by Ringeck's long sword. All three glosses seem to be based on those of the anonymous author known as "[[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]]", which are attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss found below is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its attribution (though that can't be demonstrated with existing information).
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While only one treatise bears Ringeck's name, a gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword, he is often considered to be the author of the glosses of the short sword and mounted verses as well. The latter are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the long sword is always accompanied by one or both of the others. All three seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as "[[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]]", which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its author's name.
  
Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (Glasgow) and [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that the Dresden's scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|31r]].</ref> one merely dropped the word "pictured",<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|20r]].</ref> and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|27r]].</ref>).
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Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (Glasgow) and [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that source for the Dresden did as well, though the scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|31r]].</ref> one merely dropped the word "pictured",<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|20r]].</ref> and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|27r]].</ref>).
  
 
[[file:Ringeck stemma.png|300px|left|thumb|Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck]]
 
[[file:Ringeck stemma.png|300px|left|thumb|Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck]]
  
The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just eight paragraphs added by [[Hans von Speyer]] as addenda to certain sections of the pseudo-Danzig gloss in his 1491 manuscript [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|M.I.29]] (Salzburg).<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.I.29]] is signed and internally dated on [[page:MS M.I.29 158r.jpg|folio 158r]].</ref> A ninth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.
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The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just elevent paragraphs added by [[Hans von Speyer]] as addenda to certain sections of the [[Lew]] gloss in his 1491 manuscript [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|M.I.29]] (Salzburg).<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.I.29]] is signed and internally dated on [[page:MS M.I.29 158r.jpg|folio 158r]].</ref> A twelfth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.
  
The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing substantial portions of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,<ref name="Hoffman"/> and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.
+
The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing the majority of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,<ref name="Hoffman"/> and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.
  
 
The 1508<ref>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] is internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.
 
The 1508<ref>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] is internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.
  
The third version from this period is another fragment, published by Freifechter [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]] in 1516 as part of his treatise ''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'' ("Foundation of the Chivalric Art of Swordplay")<ref>''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'' is internally dated on [[page:E.1939.65.357 K4r.jpg|page K4r]].</ref> and containing only the material on fencing from low guards; in characteristic fashion, Paurñfeyndt does not attribute this material to Ringeck. The section is illustrated by the same crude woodblock art as the rest of his book, though their connection to Ringeck's original text is doubtful. (Paurñfeyndt's text would be reprinted by [[Christian Egenolff]] four times between 1531 and 1558,<ref>The first three printings of ''Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche Kunst'' are undated, but the first edition must have been produced between 1531, when Egenolff set up his shop in Frankfurt-am-Main, and Hans Weiditz' death in 1537; the second and third editions were released some time before Egenolff's own death in 1555. The only dated edition was published by Egenolff's heirs in 1558 (see [[page:DAFaK 1558 mIIIv.jpg|page XLVIIv]]).</ref> transcribed by [[Lienhart Sollinger]] into the [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. I.6.2º.2]] in 1564,<ref>The material in [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. I.6.2º.2]] based on Paurñfeyndt is internally dated on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 71r.jpg|folio 71r]]</ref> and translated to Walloon and printed by [[Willem Vorsterman]] in 1538.<ref>''La noble science des ioueurs d'espee'' is internally dated on [[page:Hn 236 35v.jpg|page 35v]].</ref>)
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The third version from this period, the Vienna, is found at the end of a manuscript attributed to the workshop of [[Albrecht Dürer]]; like all of Dürer's fencing material, appears to be connected with the visit of Emperor Maximilian I to Dürer's home city of Nuremberg in 1512.<ref name="Dornhoffer">[[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]. ''[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/fencing/albrecht.pdf Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch].'' Vienna: F. Tempsky, 1910.</ref> This manuscript contains only a disordered but complete rendering of the short sword gloss; this is strange because the manuscript also contains wrestling plays potentialy derived from the Glasgow Fechtbuch (which omits the short sword and includes the other two).
  
The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, [[Paulus Hector Mair]] produced the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master [[Antonius Rast]].<ref>The origin of [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] is detailed on [[page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 IIr.jpg|folio IIr]].</ref> Included in this manuscript was a version of the pseudo-Danzig long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text (speculatively, perhaps the rest of Rast's copy of Ringeck was not among the papers Mair purchased, so he attempted to fill the gap using the copy of pseudo-Danzig that he already possessed).
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The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, [[Paulus Hector Mair]] produced the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master [[Antonius Rast]].<ref>The origin of [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] is detailed on [[page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 IIr.jpg|folio IIr]].</ref> Included in this manuscript was a version of [[Nicolaüs]]' long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text.
  
The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter [[Joachim Meÿer]] until his death in 1571.<ref>The only date, 1570, is given on [[page:MS Var.82 123r.png|folio 123]] (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See [[Joachim Meyer]]. ''The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570.'' Trans. [[Jeffrey L. Forgeng]]. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.</ref> It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke, and also omits the entire section on fencing from the low guards; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).
+
The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter [[Joachim Meÿer]] until his death in 1571.<ref>The only date, 1570, is given on [[page:MS Var.82 123r.png|folio 123]] (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See [[Joachim Meyer]]. ''The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570.'' Trans. [[Jeffrey L. Forgeng]]. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.</ref> It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).
  
 
All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).
 
All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).
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Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.
 
Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.
  
(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of [[Hans Medel|Hans Medel von Salzburg]],<ref>Medel's section of the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. I.6.2º.5]] is internally dated on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 21r.jpg|folio 21r]].</ref> which was acquired by Mair and bound into the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. I.6.2º.5]] after 1566.<ref>The record of the [[Marxbrüder]] in the manuscript ends on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 20r.jpg|folio 20r]] with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.</ref> Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including pseudo-Danzig and [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]], but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)
+
(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of [[Hans Medel|Hans Medel von Salzburg]],<ref>Medel's section of the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. I.6.2º.5]] is internally dated on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 21r.jpg|folio 21r]].</ref> which was acquired by Mair and bound into the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. I.6.2º.5]] after 1566.<ref>The record of the [[Marxbrüder]] in the manuscript ends on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 20r.jpg|folio 20r]] with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.</ref> Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including Nicolaüs and [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]], but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Long Sword Gloss
 
  | title = Long Sword Gloss
  | width = 174em
+
  | width = 180em
 
}}
 
}}
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
{| class="floated master" style="clear:right;"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|A}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|A}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>7</small>
 
| <small>7</small>
| Those maturing<ref>lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm</ref> in this wisdom<ref>alt: instruction</ref>,<br/>&emsp; This one sees praises.
+
| Those maturing<ref>lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm</ref> in this wisdom<ref>alt: instruction</ref>,<br/>&emsp;This one sees praises.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>8</small>
 
| <small>8</small>
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| We happily consign<ref>Alternately: avow, legally promise.</ref> them<br/>&emsp;To the rewards<ref>Possibly "wages".</ref> in the Arts.
 
| We happily consign<ref>Alternately: avow, legally promise.</ref> them<br/>&emsp;To the rewards<ref>Possibly "wages".</ref> in the Arts.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-d"/> Note, the Recital sets down five obscure hews. Many masters of the sword do know nothing to say about this: that you should not learn to make other hews,<ref>Lit: "hew other hews".</ref> when from the right side, against those who arrange themselves against you in defense. And if you select one hew from the five hews, then one must hit with the first strike. Whoever can break that without their harm will be praised by the masters of the Recital, because his art shall be praised better than another fencer who cannot fence the five hews against it. (And how you shall hew the five hews, you find that in the same five hews written<ref>"In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> written hereafter.)</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-d"/> Note, the Recital sets down five obscure hews. Many masters of the sword do know nothing to say about this: that you should not learn to make other hews,<ref>Lit: "hew other hews".</ref> when from the right side, against those who arrange themselves against you in defense. And if you select one hew from the five hews, then one must hit with the first strike. Whoever can break that without their harm will be praised by the masters of the Recital, because his art shall be praised better than another fencer who cannot fence the five hews against it. (And how you shall hew the five hews, you find that written hereafter in the same five hews.<ref>"In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.</ref>)</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|017r|png|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|017r|png|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
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| Go upon all<br/>&emsp;Without doubt how he bares.
 
| Go upon all<br/>&emsp;Without doubt how he bares.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. You shall here note the four openings on the man which you shall always fence to. The first opening is the right side; the second is<ref name="word-r">Word omitted from the Rostock.</ref> the left side<ref name="word-r"/> above the girdle of the man. The other two are also the right and the left sides below the girdle.<section end="wrath-10"/> <section begin="wrath-11"/>In the onset, precisely observe the openings with which he uncovers himself against you. Artfully target the same without danger with the shooting-in of the long point and<ref name="word-dg"/> with following-after, and also with the winding upon the sword,<ref name="clause-d"/> and otherwise with all techniques, and do not pay attention<ref>Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.</ref> to how he bares against you with his techniques. So you fence wisely and from that make attacks which are excellent, and with those do not allow him to come to his plays.</p><section end="wrath-11"/>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. You shall here note the four openings on the man which you shall always fence to. The first opening is the right side; the second is<ref name="word-r">Word omitted from the Rostock.</ref> the left side<ref name="word-r"/> above the girdle of the man. The other two are also the right and the left sides below the girdle.<section end="wrath-10"/> <section begin="wrath-11"/>In the onset, precisely observe the openings with which he uncovers himself against you. Artfully target the same without danger with the shooting-in of the long point and<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> with following-after, and also with the winding upon the sword,<ref name="clause-d"/> and otherwise with all techniques, and do not pay attention<ref>Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.</ref> to how he bares against you with his techniques. So you fence wisely and from that make attacks which are excellent, and with those do not allow him to come to his plays.</p><section end="wrath-11"/>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
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| Crook on<ref>''aufkrummen'': Lat. ''sursum torquere'', twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .</ref> swiftly,<br/>&emsp;Throw the point upon the hands.
 
| Crook on<ref>''aufkrummen'': Lat. ''sursum torquere'', twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .</ref> swiftly,<br/>&emsp;Throw the point upon the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-s">Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> This is how you shall hew crooked to the hands, and conduct the play thusly: When he hews from [his]<ref>Sic, lit. "your".</ref> right side to the opening<ref>"The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with over- or under-hews,<ref>S. "the over- or under-hew".</ref> spring away from the hew with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him<ref>Possibly "it".</ref> with crossed<ref>S. ''vß gestreckten'': "outstretched".</ref> arms with the point<ref name="word-s"/> upon his<ref name="the-d"/> hands. And also conduct this play against him when he stands against you in the guard of the oxen.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the [[Jud Lew|Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.</ref></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-s">Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> This is how you shall hew crooked to the hands, and conduct the play thusly: When he hews from your<ref>Likely a scribal error and should be "his".</ref> right side to the opening<ref>"The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with over- or under-hews,<ref>S. "the over- or under-hew".</ref> spring away from the hew with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him<ref>Possibly "it".</ref> with crossed<ref>S. ''vß gestreckten'': "outstretched".</ref> arms with the point<ref name="word-s"/> upon his<ref name="the-d"/> hands. And also conduct this play against him when he stands against you in the guard of the oxen.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the [[Lew]] gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.</ref></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
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| Crook whoever sets well<br/>&emsp;With stepping, he sunders many hews.
 
| Crook whoever sets well<br/>&emsp;With stepping, he sunders many hews.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall offset the over-hew with the crooked-hew; conduct the play thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side to the opening, so step with the right foot to his left side [verb]<ref>Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.</ref> above[sic] his sword, with the point upon the earth in the barrier-guard. Deploy this to both sides. You may also strike him to the head from the setting-aside.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall offset the over-hew with the crooked-hew; conduct the play thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side to the opening, so step with the right foot to his left side [and fall]<ref>This phrase has no verb, likely due to scribal error; it has been completed based on the version in the treatise of [[Hans Medel]].</ref> over his sword, with the point upon the earth in the barrier-guard. Deploy this to both sides. You may also strike him to the head from the setting-aside.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
Line 702: Line 704:
 
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
 
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
  
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then weak upon the sword, so lay the short edge to his right side upon the neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and back him over that with the sword.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then Soft upon the sword, so lay the short edge to his right side upon the neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and back him over that with the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|Another play}}</p>
 
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|Another play}}</p>
  
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then weak upon the sword, so press his sword down with the thwart and lay the short edge afore behind his arms on his neck.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then Soft upon the sword, so press his sword down with the thwart and lay the short edge afore behind his arms on his neck.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
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|  
 
|  
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Item. If he takes you by the neck from the right side, then drop your left hand from your sword and Press his sword from your neck with your right and step across with your left foot to his right side in front of his feet and enter with your left arm above both of his arms near the hilt and direct him to dance or stab him below between the legs to the maker.</p>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|2|lbl=22v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 837: Line 847:
 
| Double it further;<br/>&emsp;Stride-in left and be not lazy.
 
| Double it further;<br/>&emsp;Stride-in left and be not lazy.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you have struck the first misleading to his right side to his head (as stands<ref>D. "is".</ref> pictured before next to this): so<ref>G. inserts "so with that take the cut under his arms and" here, but this seems to be a mistake (based on the fact that it's not possible).</ref> strike quickly back-around to the left<ref name="right-d">D. "right".</ref> side to his head, and drive over his sword with the short edge from<ref>D. ''mit auß'': "with from".</ref> crossed arms, and spring left (that is, to your left side), and cut him with the long edge through the maw (as is there pictured).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you have struck the first misleading to his right side to his head (as stands<ref>D. "is".</ref> pictured before<ref name="word-d"/> next to this): so with that take the cut under his arms<ref name="clause-d"/> and strike quickly back-around to the left<ref name="right-d">D. "right".</ref> side to his head, and drive over his sword with the short edge from<ref>D. ''mit auß'': "with from".</ref> crossed arms, and spring left (that is, to your left side), and cut him with the long edge through the maw (as is there pictured).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
Line 855: Line 865:
 
| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;The squinter robs him of it.
 
| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;The squinter robs him of it.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note here<ref name="word-gr">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> that the squinter is a hew which breaks-in<ref>Word is doubled in the Glasgow.</ref> the hews and thrusts of the buffalo ([one] who acquires<ref>''annehmen'': receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.</ref> victory with power), and<ref name="word-r"/> conduct the hew thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side, so hew from your right against his hew into the weak of his sword,<ref>"Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock</ref> with the short edge [and] with up-right<ref>"Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives ''auff gerackten'', which may be a misspelling of pPvD's ''aus gestrackten'', "out-stretched".</ref> arms,<ref>"With up-right arms" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and strike him upon his right shoulder;<ref>"And strike… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> so you strike and displace with each other and hit him with the hew<ref name="clause-dg"/> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref>R. "pictured here".</ref><ref name="clause-d"/> If he changes-through, shoot with the hew long into his chest and<ref name="word-g">Word omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> also hew when he stands against you in the guard of the plow or when he will thrust you from below.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note here<ref name="word-gr">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> that the squinter is a hew which breaks-in<ref>Word is doubled in the Glasgow.</ref> the hews and thrusts of the buffalo ([one] who acquires<ref>''annehmen'': receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.</ref> victory with power), and<ref name="word-r"/> conduct the hew thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side, so hew from your right against his hew into the weak of his sword,<ref>"Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock</ref> with the short edge [and] with upright<ref>"Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives ''auff gerackten'', which may be a misspelling of pPvD's ''aus gestrackten'', "out-stretched".</ref> arms, and strike him upon his right shoulder;<ref>"With upright arms… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> so you strike and displace with each other and hit him with the hew<ref name="clause-dg">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref>R. "pictured here".</ref><ref name="clause-d"/> If he changes-through, shoot with the hew long into his chest and<ref name="word-g">Word omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> also hew when he stands against you in the guard of the plow or when he will thrust you from below.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
Line 892: Line 902:
 
| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>with a deceit of the visage</sup> and conduct it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the visage to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to hew to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and hew strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a tread-in of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>with a deceit of the visage</sup> and conduct it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg"/> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the visage to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to hew to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and hew strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a tread-in of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
Line 907: Line 917:
 
| Squint to the top of the<br/>&emsp;Head if you wish to ruin the hands.
 
| Squint to the top of the<br/>&emsp;Head if you wish to ruin the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, when he wishes to cleave-in to you from above, so squint with the visage (as if you wish to strike the head), and hew with the short edge against his hew, and strike him upon his sword's blade with the point to the hands (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref>S. "You may also do this".</ref> when he wishes<ref name="word-s"/> to cleave-in to you a free over-hew<ref>"A free over-hew" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> from above, so squint with the visage<ref>"With the visage" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> to his head<ref>"To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> (as if you wish to strike thereon<ref>D., G. "the head".</ref>), and then hew with the short edge against his hew, and strike him upon his sword's blade, with the point down<ref name="word-dg"/> on the hands (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=32v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=32v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007r|jpg|lbl=07r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007r|jpg|lbl=07r}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <!--
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 027r.jpg|2|lbl=27r}}<!--
 
           --><section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
           --><section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,163: Line 1,177:
 
| Learn the racing-after,<br/>&emsp;Doubly or cut into the weapon<ref>Alternately: defense.</ref>
 
| Learn the racing-after,<br/>&emsp;Doubly or cut into the weapon<ref>Alternately: defense.</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is so that you shall learn the racings-after quite well, because they are dual,<ref name="clause-r"/> and<ref name="word-d"/> the first<ref name="word-r"/> conduct thusly:<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to cleave-in above him,<ref name="word-r"/> so note while he yanks up the sword to the strike, [and] race-after him with a strike,<ref>"A strike" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> a hew, or with a thrust, and hit him<ref>"And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> to the upper<ref name="word-r"/> opening before the moment<ref name="moment-d">"The moment" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> he descends<ref>D. ''wieder-kommen'': to meet, to encounter, to run into".</ref> with the hew, or fall with the long edge above him onto his arm and with that, press him from you.<ref>"Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is so that you shall learn the racings-after quite well, because they are dual,<ref name="clause-r"/> and<ref name="word-d"/> the first<ref name="word-r"/> conduct thusly:<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to cleave-in above him,<ref name="word-r"/> so note while he yanks up the sword to the strike, [and] race-after him with a hew or with a thrust, and hit him<ref>"And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> to the upper<ref name="word-r"/> opening before the moment<ref name="moment-d">"The moment" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> he descends<ref>D. ''wieder-kommen'': to meet, to encounter, to run into".</ref> with the hew, or fall with the long edge above him onto his arm and with that, press him from you.<ref>"Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
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|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
Line 1,174: Line 1,188:
 
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Yet another racing-after}}<ref name="line-r">Line omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Yet another racing-after}}<ref name="line-r">Line omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
  
<p>Item.<ref>R. "or".</ref> When he begins to hew you downward<ref name="word-d"/> from above, and<ref name="word-d"/> if he then<ref>"If he then" omitted from the Rostock".</ref> allows his sword to go down to the earth with the hew: so<ref name="word-d"/> race-after him with an over-hew<ref>D. ''haw'': "hew".</ref> to the head before the moment<ref name="moment-d"/> he comes-up with the sword, so is he struck.<ref name="clause-d"/> Or if he will thrust you, note the moment he yanks the sword to him for the thrust, so race-after him and thrust him before he completes his thrust.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
+
<p>Item.<ref>R. "or".</ref> When he begins to hew you downward<ref name="word-d"/> from above, and<ref name="word-d"/> if he then<ref>"If he then" omitted from the Rostock".</ref> allows his sword to go down to the earth with the hew: so<ref name="word-d"/> race-after him with an over-hew<ref>D. ''haw'': "hew".</ref> to the head before the moment<ref name="moment-d"/> he comes-up with the sword, so is he struck.<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,184: Line 1,198:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[75] {{red|b=1|About the outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
+
| <p>[75] Or if he will thrust you, note the moment he yanks the sword to him for the thrust, so race-after him and thrust him before he completes his thrust.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|About the outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,201: Line 1,223:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|The other outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
+
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|The other outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item. When you fence cautiously<ref>''geim'': "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".</ref> from the under-hews (or otherwise from the under-attacks): if he then lays over you and winds upon your sword before you come up with that, [and] then remains strong with your sword below upon his winding and works to your upper opening, so follow-after with the sword and take weak of his sword with the long edge, and press down and stab him in the face.</p>
 
<p>Item. When you fence cautiously<ref>''geim'': "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".</ref> from the under-hews (or otherwise from the under-attacks): if he then lays over you and winds upon your sword before you come up with that, [and] then remains strong with your sword below upon his winding and works to your upper opening, so follow-after with the sword and take weak of his sword with the long edge, and press down and stab him in the face.</p>
Line 1,212: Line 1,234:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the feeling and about the word "in-the-moment"}}</p>
+
| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the feeling and about the word "in-the-moment"}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-d"/> And<ref name="word-gs">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.</ref> understand it thusly:<ref>S. "the feeling work thusly".</ref> When you come to him with the onset and<ref>"You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> one binds another on the sword, so in that you shall feel with the hand (that is, perceive),<ref name="clause-ds"/> just as the swords spark together, whether they have bound soft or hard, and as soon as you have perceived that,<ref>S. "soft or hard".</ref> think of the word "in-the-moment"; that is, in that same swift perceiving<ref>S. "feeling".</ref> of the soft and of the hard, you shall work to the nearest opening,<ref>"To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> so [he] becomes struck before he will have his insight.<ref>D., G. ''gewar'', S. ''ÿnnen''.</ref></p>
+
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-d"/> And<ref name="word-gs">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.</ref> understand it thusly:<ref>S. "the feeling work thusly".</ref> When you come to him with the onset and<ref>"You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> one binds another on the sword, so in that you shall feel with the hand (that is, perceive),<ref name="clause-ds"/> just as the swords spark together, whether they have bound soft or hard, and as soon as you have perceived that,<ref>S. "soft or hard".</ref> think of the word "in-the-moment"; that is, in that same swift perceiving<ref>S. "feeling".</ref> of the soft and of the hard, you shall work to the nearest opening,<ref>"To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> so [he] becomes struck before he will have his insight.<ref>D., G. ''gewar'', S. ''ÿnnen''.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|1|lbl=38v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|1|lbl=38v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Item}}. Note,<ref name="word-ds">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref> you shall think of the word "in-the-moment" in all bindings of the sword, because in-the-moment doubles and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment mutates, in-the-moment runs-through, in-the-moment changes-through,<ref name="clause-d"/> and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment takes the cut; in-the-moment wrestles, and with in-the-moment, take the sword. In the art, In-the-moment does whatever your heart desires. In-the-moment is a sharp word; with it, any fencer who knows nothing of the word becomes hew. And the word "in-the-moment" is also<ref name="word-g"/> the key in which all of the art of fencing becomes unlocked.</p>
+
| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|Item}}. Note,<ref name="word-ds">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref> you shall think of the word "in-the-moment" in all bindings of the sword, because in-the-moment doubles and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment mutates, in-the-moment runs-through, in-the-moment changes-through,<ref name="clause-d"/> and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment takes the cut; in-the-moment wrestles, and with in-the-moment, take the sword. In the art, In-the-moment does whatever your heart desires. In-the-moment is a sharp word; with it, any fencer who knows nothing of the word becomes hew. And the word "in-the-moment" is also<ref name="word-g"/> the key in which all of the art of fencing becomes unlocked.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|1|lbl=39r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|1|lbl=39r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 013v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 013v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play text and gloss about racing-after}}</p>
+
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play text and gloss about racing-after}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
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| Traveling-after twice:<br/>&emsp;If one joins, make the farewell cut with it.
 
| Traveling-after twice:<br/>&emsp;If one joins, make the farewell cut with it.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when he mis-hews himself before you: so race after him with a hew to the upper opening; if he then drives up and winds under you upon the sword, so note just as soon as one sword sparks<ref>D. ''blitzscht'': "flashes".</ref> on the other, [and] so fall upon him from the sword with the long-edge over his arm, and also press him from you (as stands pictured next),<ref name="clause-d"/> or cut him from the sword through the mouth. Deploy this to both sides.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when he mis-hews himself before you: so race after him with a hew to the upper opening; if he then drives up and binds<ref>D. "winds".</ref> under you upon the sword, so note just as soon as one sword sparks<ref>D. ''blitzscht'': "flashes".</ref> on the other, [and] so fall upon him from the sword with the long-edge over his arm, and also press him from you (as stands pictured next),<ref name="clause-d"/> or cut him from the sword through the mouth. Deploy this to both sides.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|1|lbl=39v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|1|lbl=39v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-over}}</p>
+
| <p>[82] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-over}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[82] <ref>D. "Item".</ref>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: how one shall offset hews and thrusts}}</p>
+
| <p>[83] <ref>D. "Item".</ref>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: how one shall offset hews and thrusts}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[83] {{red|b=1|Yet another play from setting-aside}}</p>
+
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|Yet another play from setting-aside}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you stand against him in the guard of the plow from the left side: if he then hews to the upper opening of your left side, then drive up with the sword, and wind<ref name="word-d"/> to the left side against his hew (such that the hilt is in front of your head), and step into him with your<ref name="the-d"/> right foot and stab him in the face (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you stand against him in the guard of the plow from the left side: if he then hews to the upper opening of your left side, then drive up with the sword, and wind<ref name="word-d"/> to the left side against his hew (such that the hilt is in front of your head), and step into him with your<ref name="the-d"/> right foot and stab him in the face (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about Changing-through}}</p>
+
| <p>[85] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about Changing-through}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[85] Item. If he then becomes aware of the thrust and drives after it with the displacing, then but change-through to the other side.</p>
+
| <p>[86] Item. If he then becomes aware of the thrust and drives after it with the displacing, then but change-through to the other side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|Item. Another.}}</p>
+
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Item. Another.}}</p>
  
 
<p>As you come to him, set your left foot forward and hold the long [point] against his face. If he then hews to the sword (over or under) and will strike it away, allow your point to sink downwards and stab him to the other opening of the other side, and do that against all hews.</p>
 
<p>As you come to him, set your left foot forward and hold the long [point] against his face. If he then hews to the sword (over or under) and will strike it away, allow your point to sink downwards and stab him to the other opening of the other side, and do that against all hews.</p>
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           --><section begin="Pulling"/>
 
           --><section begin="Pulling"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|300px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about yanking}}</p>
+
| <p>[88] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about yanking}}</p>
 
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| Pull in all hits<br/>&emsp;Of the masters if you wish to deceive them.
 
| Pull in all hits<br/>&emsp;Of the masters if you wish to deceive them.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you come to him with the onset: so cleave-in strongly above from the right shoulder to the head. If he then binds you with displacing (or otherwise on the sword), so tread near to him in the bind on the sword<ref>"On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and withdraw your sword from his above, and cleave-in again above to the other side to his head (as it stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> If he displaces that too a second time, so strike-in again above to the other side, and work swiftly according to the upper openings which may occur to you with the doublings<ref>Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.</ref> (or otherwise with other plays to his nearest opening);<ref>D. "(and with other plays)".</ref> or act as if you will yank and [then] remain upon the sword, and quickly thrust-in again upon the sword to the face.<ref name="clause-d"/> If you then do not quite hit him with the thrust, so work with the doubling or otherwise with other plays.<ref name="sentence-d">Sentence omitted from the Dresden.</ref></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you come to him with the onset: so cleave-in strongly above from the right shoulder to the head. If he then binds you with displacing (or otherwise on the sword), so tread near to him in the bind on the sword<ref>"On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and withdraw your sword from his above, and cleave-in again above to the other side to his head (as it stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> If he displaces that too a second time, so strike-in again above to the other side, and work swiftly according to the upper openings which may occur to you with the doublings<ref>Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.</ref> (or otherwise with other plays to his nearest opening).<ref>D. "(and with other plays)".</ref></p>
 
|  
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041v.png|1|lbl=41v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041v.png|1|lbl=41v|p=1}}
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|016r|jpg|lbl=16r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|1|lbl=16r}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[89] Or act as if you will yank and [then] remain upon the sword, and quickly thrust-in again upon the sword to the face. If you then do not quite hit him with the thrust, so work with the doubling or otherwise with other plays.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <!--
 
| <!--
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|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[88] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-through}}</p>
+
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-through}}</p>
 
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|-
 
|-
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042r.png|1|lbl=42r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042r.png|1|lbl=42r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|016v|jpg|lbl=16v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|lbl=16v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[89] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play about running-through}}</p>
+
| <p>[91] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play about running-through}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-gr"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to overpower you with strength by running-in with the sword high:<ref>R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".</ref> so hold your sword with the left hand near the pommel and let the blade hang over your back.<ref name="back-r"/> Run-through with the head under his right arm, and remain with the right foot forward<ref name="word-dg"/> before his right and drive in<ref name="word-dr">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref> well behind him with the right arm around the body, and clasp him upon your right hip and throw him behind you (as stands pictured here).<ref name="word-g"/><ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-gr"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to overpower you with strength by running-in with the sword high:<ref>R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".</ref> so hold your sword with the left hand near the pommel and let the blade hang over your back.<ref name="back-r"/> Run-through with the head under his right arm, and remain with the right foot forward<ref name="word-dg"/> before his right and drive in<ref name="word-dr">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref> well behind him with the right arm around the body, and clasp him upon your right hip and throw him behind you (as stands pictured here).<ref name="word-g"/><ref name="clause-d"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|A wresting at the sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|A wresting at the sword}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it with the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with your hilt, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and drive him well back with your left arm around the body, and clasp him to your left hip and throw him in front of you.</p>
 
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it with the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with your hilt, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and drive him well back with your left arm around the body, and clasp him to your left hip and throw him in front of you.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[91] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with the hilt, and spring with the left foot behind his right and drive him forward with the left arm under his chest (well around the body), and throw him backward over your foot.</p>
 
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with the hilt, and spring with the left foot behind his right and drive him forward with the left arm under his chest (well around the body), and throw him backward over your foot.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[94] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you run-in with another: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and drive him outside<ref name="word-g"/> with the pommel over his right arm and with that yank downwards, and seize his right elbow with the left hand<ref name="word-g"/> and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and back him thusly over the foot to your right side (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you run-in with another: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and drive him outside<ref name="word-g"/> with the pommel over his right arm and with that yank downwards, and seize his right elbow with the left hand<ref name="word-g"/> and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and back him thusly over the foot to your right side (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}<ref name="line-g">Line omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
+
| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}<ref name="line-g">Line omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so drive with the left arm<ref>D. "left hand inverted".</ref> over his right, and with that seize his<ref name="your-d">D. "your".</ref> right arm with an inverted hand<ref>"With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and press his left<ref name="right-d"/> over your left with the<ref name="your-d"/> right arm, and spring with your<ref name="the-g"/> right foot behind his right and turn yourself away from him to your<ref name="his-g">G. "his".</ref> left side, and<ref name="word-d"/> thus you<ref>"Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> throw him over your<ref name="his-g"/> right hip (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so drive with the left arm<ref>D. "left hand inverted".</ref> over his right, and with that seize his<ref name="your-d">D. "your".</ref> right arm with an inverted hand<ref>"With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and press his left<ref name="right-d"/> over your left with the<ref name="your-d"/> right arm, and spring with your<ref name="the-g"/> right foot behind his right and turn yourself away from him to your<ref name="his-g">G. "his".</ref> left side, and<ref name="word-d"/> thus you<ref>"Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> throw him over your<ref name="his-g"/> right hip (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[94] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting}}</p>
+
| <p>[96] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item. When someone runs-in at the sword, etc.: so let your sword fall and invert your right hand, and with that seize his right hand outside and clasp it near the right elbow with the left, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and shove his right arm over your left with the right hand, and with that lift it upwards; thus is he locked and thus [you] may break the arm, or throw him in front of you over the leg.</p>
 
<p>Item. When someone runs-in at the sword, etc.: so let your sword fall and invert your right hand, and with that seize his right hand outside and clasp it near the right elbow with the left, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and shove his right arm over your left with the right hand, and with that lift it upwards; thus is he locked and thus [you] may break the arm, or throw him in front of you over the leg.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|A sword taking}}<ref>D. "One other wrestling at the sword".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[97] {{red|b=1|A sword taking}}<ref>D. "One other wrestling at the sword".</ref></p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so invert your left hand and with that drive over his right arm, and with that seize his sword by the grip between both hands, and back to your left side (as stands pictured next to this);<ref name="clause-d"/> so you take the sword from him.<ref name="clause-g">Clause omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so invert your left hand and with that drive over his right arm, and with that seize his sword by the grip between both hands, and back to your left side (as stands pictured next to this);<ref name="clause-d"/> so you take the sword from him.<ref name="clause-g">Clause omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[96] {{red|b=1|This is yet another sword taking}}<ref>D. "A sword taking".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|This is yet another sword taking}}<ref>D. "A sword taking".</ref></p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he binds on your sword (with displacing or otherwise): so seize both swords in the middle<ref name="word-d"/> of the blade with the left hand inverted<ref name="word-g"/> and hold them tightly together, and drive through below with the pommel with the right hand against the left side over both his hands, and with that back yourself upward to the right side. So you keep both swords (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he binds on your sword (with displacing or otherwise): so seize both swords in the middle<ref name="word-d"/> of the blade with the left hand inverted<ref name="word-g"/> and hold them tightly together, and drive through below with the pommel with the right hand against the left side over both his hands, and with that back yourself upward to the right side. So you keep both swords (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[97] {{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss about cutting-off}}</p>
+
| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss about cutting-off}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|Yet another cut}}</p>
+
| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|Yet another cut}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item. When you bind strongly on his sword (with a hew or otherwise): if he then allows his sword to snap-away from yours and strikes you above to the head, so twist your sword with the hilt in front of your head and cut-through his arm below, and with the cut, set the point below upon his chest.</p>
 
<p>Item. When you bind strongly on his sword (with a hew or otherwise): if he then allows his sword to snap-away from yours and strikes you above to the head, so twist your sword with the hilt in front of your head and cut-through his arm below, and with the cut, set the point below upon his chest.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|This is the over-cut}}<ref>D. "Yet another cut".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|This is the over-cut}}<ref>D. "Yet another cut".</ref></p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-r"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> conduct the cut thusly: when one binds on the sword against your left side, and<ref name="word-r"/> he then<ref>"He then" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> strikes around from the sword to the right side (with the thwart or otherwise),<ref name="clause-r"/> so spring from the hew with the left foot to his right side, and fall with the long edge above over both arms and press him from you (as stands pictured here).<ref>"And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Deploy this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-r"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> conduct the cut thusly: when one binds on the sword against your left side, and<ref name="word-r"/> he then<ref>"He then" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> strikes around from the sword to the right side (with the thwart or otherwise),<ref name="clause-r"/> so spring from the hew with the left foot to his right side, and fall with the long edge above over both arms and press him from you (as stands pictured here).<ref>"And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Deploy this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the transformation of the cut}}</p>
+
| <p>[102] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the transformation of the cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| Turn the edge<br/>&emsp;To flatten; press the hands.
 
| Turn the edge<br/>&emsp;To flatten; press the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when you come in your running-in with the under-cut below<ref name="word-d"/> into his arm (such that your point goes out against his<ref>G. "your".</ref> right side): so with that,<ref>"With that" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> press firmly upwards with the cut,<ref>"With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> and amid the pressing spring with the left foot to his right side, and turn your sword with the long edge above over his arms (such that your point goes-out against his left side), and with that, press his arm from you.<ref name="clause-ag">Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> Thus have you transformed the under-cut into the over; conduct this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-d"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when you come in your running-in with the under-cut below<ref name="word-d"/> into his arm (such that your point goes out against his<ref>G. "your".</ref> right side): so with that,<ref>"With that" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> press firmly upwards with the cut,<ref>"With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> and amid the pressing spring with the left foot to his right side, and turn your sword with the long edge above over his arms (such that your point goes-out against his left side), and with that, press his arm from you.<ref name="clause-ag">Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> Thus have you transformed the under-cut into the over; conduct this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-d">Sentence omitted from the Dresden.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the two hangings}}</p>
+
| <p>[103] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the two hangings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[102] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the speaking-window}}</p>
+
| <p>[104] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the speaking-window}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[103] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-a">Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> If he strikes-around from the sword with an over-hew to the other side, so bind-after<ref>''nachbinden'': "attach to the end or behind something".</ref> with the long edge<ref>"With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> against<ref name="word-d"/> his hew with strength, above into the head.</p>
+
| <p>[105] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-a">Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> If he strikes-around from the sword with an over-hew to the other side, so bind-after<ref>''nachbinden'': "attach to the end or behind something".</ref> with the long edge<ref>"With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> against<ref name="word-d"/> his hew with strength, above into the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[104] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he strikes-around from the sword<ref>"From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with the thwart, so fall into his arms with the over-cut.</p>
+
| <p>[106] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he strikes-around from the sword<ref>"From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with the thwart, so fall into his arms with the over-cut.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[105] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he yanks his sword to himself and wishes to thrust you below, so race-after him upon the sword with the point,<ref>"With the point" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and set-upon him above.</p>
+
| <p>[107] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he yanks his sword to himself and wishes to thrust you below, so race-after him upon the sword with the point,<ref>"With the point" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and set-upon him above.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[106] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Note,}}<ref>D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> if he does not wish to withdraw<ref>''abziechen''.</ref> nor strike-around from the sword, so work upon the sword with the doubling (or otherwise with other plays) as you thereafter perceive the soft and the hard upon the sword.</p>
+
| <p>[108] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Note,}}<ref>D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> if he does not wish to withdraw<ref>''abziechen''.</ref> nor strike-around from the sword, so work upon the sword with the doubling (or otherwise with other plays) as you thereafter perceive the soft and the hard upon the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[107] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall stand in the long-point and what plays you shall conduct from it}}</p>
+
| <p>[109] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall stand in the long-point and what plays you shall conduct from it}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note,<ref>D. ''Mörck Ee'': "Note, before".</ref> when you come just near<ref>"just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to him with the onset: so set your left foot forward before when he binds you on the sword,<ref>"When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and hold your<ref>A., D. "the".</ref> point long with<ref name="word-ad"/> extended arms against the face or against<ref name="word-ad"/> the chest. If he then hews-in from above<ref>D. "hews from above to below".</ref> to your head, so wind against his hew with the sword and thrust into his face.</p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note,<ref>D. ''Mörck Ee'': "Note, before".</ref> when you come just near<ref>"just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to him with the onset: so set your left foot forward before when he binds you on the sword,<ref>"When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and hold your<ref>A., D. "the".</ref> point long with<ref name="word-ad"/> extended arms against the face or against<ref name="word-ad"/> the chest. If he then hews-in from above<ref>D. "hews from above to below".</ref> to your head, so wind against his hew with the sword and thrust into his face.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[108] Or if he hews from above to below, or from below up into the sword, and wishes to strike the point away, so change-through and thrust to the other opening or side.<ref>D. "to the other side to the opening".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[110] Or if he hews from above to below, or from below up into the sword, and wishes to strike the point away, so change-through and thrust to the other opening or side.<ref>D. "to the other side to the opening".</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[109] Or if he hits your sword with strength with the hew, so allow your sword<ref>"Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to snap-around, so you hit him in the head.</p>
+
| <p>[111] Or if he hits your sword with strength with the hew, so allow your sword<ref>"Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to snap-around, so you hit him in the head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[110] {{red|b=1|Or}}<ref name="word-ad"/> if he runs-in, so conduct the cut or await<ref name="word-d"/> the wrestling.</p>
+
| <p>[112] {{red|b=1|Or}}<ref name="word-ad"/> if he runs-in, so conduct the cut or await<ref name="word-d"/> the wrestling.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Watch that it does not fail you.'''<ref name="sentence-ag">Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
<p>'''Watch that it does not fail you.'''<ref name="sentence-ag">Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[111] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the conclusion of the entire Recital}}</p>
+
| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the conclusion of the entire Recital}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[112] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> You shall also properly hang upon the sword and from the hangings you shall bring eight windings, and you shall also consider and properly estimate<ref>''wägen'': "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.</ref><ref>"And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> the windings, so that you know to conduct which one of the said three.</p>
+
| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> You shall also properly hang upon the sword and from the hangings you shall bring eight windings, and you shall also consider and properly estimate<ref>''wägen'': "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.</ref><ref>"And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> the windings, so that you know to conduct which one of the said three.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall conduct the hangings and the windings}}</p>
+
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall conduct the hangings and the windings}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-d"/> Understand it thusly: there are four bindings-on of the sword, two over and<ref name="word-a"/> two under. You shall only conduct two particular windings from each binding-on of the sword.<ref>"The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
<p>Item.<ref name="word-d"/> Understand it thusly: there are four bindings-on of the sword, two over and<ref name="word-a"/> two under. You shall only conduct two particular windings from each binding-on of the sword.<ref>"The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> Do<ref>D. "understand".</ref> it thusly: When you come to him with the onset,<ref name="clause-d"/> if he then binds-on to you above against your left side, so wind the short edge upon his sword and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above and thrust into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength,<ref>"With strength" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your right side and thrust.<ref>"And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> These are two windings on one side of the<ref>"Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> sword.</p>
+
| <p>[116] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> Do<ref>D. "understand".</ref> it thusly: When you come to him with the onset,<ref name="clause-d"/> if he then binds-on to you above against your left side, so wind the short edge upon his sword and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above and thrust into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength,<ref>"With strength" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your right side and thrust.<ref>"And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> These are two windings on one side of the<ref>"Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|1|lbl=124v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|1|lbl=124v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Or}}<ref name="word-a"/> if he binds-on above against your right side, wind the long edge upon his sword also against your right side and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above, and thrust-in the point above<ref>"-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength, allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your left side and thrust. These are four windings from the two over-bindings-on,<ref>A. "over-windings-upon".</ref> from<ref>A. "and".</ref> the left and from<ref name="word-g"/> the right sides.</p>
+
| <p>[117] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Or}}<ref name="word-a"/> if he binds-on above against your right side, wind the long edge upon his sword also against your right side and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above, and thrust-in the point above<ref>"-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength, allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your left side and thrust. These are four windings from the two over-bindings-on,<ref>A. "over-windings-upon".</ref> from<ref>A. "and".</ref> the left and from<ref name="word-g"/> the right sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|2|lbl=124v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|2|lbl=124v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[116] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-a"/> Now you shall know}} that you shall also conduct four windings from the two under-bindings-on with all attacks, as from the over[-bindings-on]. Thus the windings, over and under, become eight. And<ref name="word-g"/> remember that you shall conduct one particular hew, or<ref name="word-ag"/> one<ref name="word-d"/> cut, or<ref>D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> one thrust, from each winding. And<ref name="word-ag"/> this is called the<ref name="word-ag"/> three wounders. From those, one can and shall<ref>"And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> conduct them from the eight windings into twenty-four instances. And you shall properly learn to conduct the eight windings from both sides, so that you step in<ref>"You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with each winding,<ref>D. "wounder".</ref> and you test his attack, no more than<ref name="word-ag"/> if he is soft or hard upon the sword. And when you have sensed these two things, conduct the play into the winding which is called for. Whenever you do not do this, you become struck by all windings.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[118] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-a"/> Now you shall know}} that you shall also conduct four windings from the two under-bindings-on with all attacks, as from the over[-bindings-on]. Thus the windings, over and under, become eight. And<ref name="word-g"/> remember that you shall conduct one particular hew, or<ref name="word-ag"/> one<ref name="word-d"/> cut, or<ref>D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> one thrust, from each winding. And<ref name="word-ag"/> this is called the<ref name="word-ag"/> three wounders. From those, one can and shall<ref>"And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> conduct them from the eight windings into twenty-four instances. And you shall properly learn to conduct the eight windings from both sides, so that you step in<ref>"You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with each winding,<ref>D. "wounder".</ref> and you test his attack, no more than<ref name="word-ag"/> if he is soft or hard upon the sword. And when you have sensed these two things, conduct the play into the winding which is called for. Whenever you do not do this, you become struck by all windings.</p>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048v.png|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048v.png|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 014v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 014v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = Additional Long Sword Teachings
+
  | title = Short Sword Gloss
  | width = 174em
+
  | width = 180em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master" style="clear:right;"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'' (1516)<br/> by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Transcription]] (1512){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
 
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[117] {{red|b=1|Here note how one shall fence with the long sword from the guard which is called the iron-gate [or] side-guard,<ref>D. ''nebenhůtten'': "side-guard"; G. '' Eysenen pfort'', "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.</ref> and how one shall execute the sweeps<ref>''streichn''.</ref> from it. For there are many good plays which come from this, which many masters of the sword know nothing to speak about them.}}<ref>D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|1|lbl=49r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|1|lbl=22v}}
 
|
 
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[D4r]</small> '''STVCK ym auftreichñ'''</p>
 
  
|-
+
<p>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
| <p>[118] Know that [there] is good fencing from the sweeps, although<ref>''wiewohl''.</ref> they are not named in the Recital. Yet the plays from the Recital arise when one fences from them. And one shall execute the sweeps from the left side, because when they are from the right they are not as certain as from the left.<ref>G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."</ref></p>
+
| <p><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|1|lbl=83r}}
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
|
 
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 6.jpg|300px|center]]
+
| <p><br/></p>
| <p>[119] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p">Word omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> Execute the first play thusly}}:<ref name="clause-dp">Clause omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> when you lay in the side-guard to your left side and someone cleaves-in to you downward from above,<ref>P. "from his right shoulder".</ref> so firmly sweep onto his sword with the short edge. If he holds<ref>''wiederhalten'': lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".</ref> strongly against [it] and is not too high with the hands, double-in<ref>''einduplieren''.</ref> with the short edge (between him and his sword) on the left side to his neck.<ref name="ear-p">P. "ear".</ref></p>
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du lei&#383;t yn der nebñ huet auf deiner linckñ &#383;eitñ / vud ainer haut auf dich ain oberhau von &#383;einer rechten axel &#383;o &#383;treich von vndñ auf va&#383;t yn &#383;ein &#383;chwert mit der kurc&#658;ñ &#383;cneid / helt er &#383;tarck wider vñ i&#383;t nit hoch mit den hendñ / &#383;o duplier c&#658;wi&#383;chñ dem man vñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert ein / mit der kurc&#658;en &#383;chneid c&#658;u &#383;einem lincken or</p>
 
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
|
 
| <p>[120] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When one sweeps}}-on to the sword {{red|as before}},<ref>"As before" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> if he holds strongly against, so strike-around quickly<ref>"-Around quickly" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> with the thwart-cut to his left side, and double-in again<ref name="word-g"/> to his right side, between the man and the<ref>"The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> sword, with the long edge on his<ref name="the-g"/> neck.<ref name="ear-p"/></p>
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du auff &#383;treich&#383;t an &#383;ein &#383;chwert helt er &#383;tarck wider / &#383;o &#383;clach mit der twer &#383;eine lin/cken &#383;eittñ / vnd duplier aber c&#658;wi&#383;chñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert vñ &#383;clach c&#658;u &#383;einem rechtñ or mit der langen &#383;chneidt</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[121] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep underneath<ref name="word-d"/> onto his sword}} as before, and<ref name="word-dg"/> if he is then soft upon the sword and low with the hands,<ref>"And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> so cleave-in straight<ref>"-In straight" omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> above with the long edge to the opening at hand.<ref>"At hand" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref></p>
+
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wen du vndñ auf &#383;treich&#383;t an &#383;ein &#383;chwert vnd i&#383;t er waich am &#383;chwert vñ nider mit den hendñ &#383;o hav ym mit der langñ &#383;chneid obñ nach der ple&#383;&#658;</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <small>1</small>
| <p>[122] {{red|Item. When you sweep onto his sword}},<ref name="clause-d"/> or<ref name="word-g"/> if he falls with the sword strongly onto yours, so drive quickly above his sword with the pommel, and remain thereupon with the hands<ref name="clause-g"/> and allow your<ref name="the-d"/> point backwards to your left side,<ref>"To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and snap-off from the sword and strike<ref>"Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with the short side to the head.<ref>D. ''haüpt'', G. ''kopf''.</ref></p>
+
| He who dismounts<br/>&emsp;begins fencing on foot
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
|
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>2</small>
 +
| He places his spear<br/>&emsp;two stances to wield weapons right
 +
|}
 +
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[123] {{red|Item. When you sweep}} onto his sword, if he then<ref name="word-d"/> drives high up and winds, so strike him in the right side with outstretched arms, and with that step to the back.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|1|lbl=50r}}
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[124] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep onto his sword}}, if he drives high up and winds, so strengthen with the long edge. If he then strikes-around again<ref name="word-dg"/> with the thwart, so strike him into the left side with a step away.</p>
+
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r}}
+
|-
|  
+
| <small>3</small>
| <p>Wan du ym &#383;treich&#383;t an das &#383;chwert fert er hoch auf vnd windt / &#383;o &#383;teck mit der langen &#383;chneidt / &#383;chlecht er aber mit der twer / &#383;o &#383;chlach yn indie linck &#383;eitten mit ainem ab trit</p>
+
| Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>&emsp;stab without force
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>4</small>
 +
| Spring wind attack him<br/>&emsp;onward disengage to face him on
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[125] {{red|Item}}.<ref name="word-p"/> When you lay in the side-guard or<ref>"You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> {{red|you execute the sweeps to the man}}, and if he then holds his sword athwart before him and is high with the arms and wishes to fall onto your sword, so sweep onto his sword below and slash him on the arm, or jab<ref>''stoß''; this could either be to stab him or hit him.</ref> him under his sword<ref>"Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.</ref> on the<ref name="word-p"/> chest.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du lig&#383;t in der neben huet / oder treib&#383;t die &#383;treichñ c&#658;u dem man / helt er dan &#383;ein &#383;ch/wert twerchs vor ym / vñ wil dir auf dein &#383;chwert vallñ / vnd i&#383;t er hoch mit den armen / &#383;o &#383;treich ym vnden an das &#383;chwert / vnd &#383;to&#383;&#658; yn vnder &#383;einem &#383;chwert in pru&#383;t</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Paurñfeyndt 5.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>[126] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-dp">Word omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> If he is low with the hands}} and will fall<ref>P. ''farñ'': "drive".</ref> upon you, so sweep-through to the other side and jab him in the chest. So have [you] changed-through.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E1r]</small> IST er nider mit den henden / vnd wil auff farñ / &#383;o &#383;treich durch / vnd &#383;to&#383;&#658; yn c&#658;v der pru&#383;t auf die ander &#383;eittñ da&#383;&#658; i&#383;t durch gewech&#383;elt</p>
+
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[127] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep-through}}, so fall on his sword with the long edge and wind to your left side (such that your thumb comes under), and drive with the long edge upon the right side of<ref>"Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.</ref> his neck with the strong, and spring with the right foot behind his left<ref>"Behind his neck" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> and move him with the sword<ref>Marginalia: The word ''schrit'' ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and ''schret'' ("a step or make a step") appears under.</ref> thereover.</p>
+
| <small></small>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <br/><br/>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
|}
 +
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Wandu durch &#383;treich&#383;t / &#383;o fall ym mit der langñ &#383;chneidt auf &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / vñ windt auf dein lincke &#383;eittñ das dein daum vnden kumpt / vnd var ym mit der langen &#383;chneidt mit der &#383;terck an &#383;ein rechte &#383;eittñ de&#383;&#658; hal&#383;&#658; / vnd &#383;pring mit dem rechtñ fu&#383;&#658; vnd ruck yn mit deim &#383;cwerdt dar vber</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[128] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you change-through from the sweeps}} and arrive on the other side on top<ref>''obenauf''.</ref> of his sword, you may execute the play just as well as before to the other<ref>D. "opposite".</ref> side, with fleshwounds and with all things as before (to all sides).<ref>"As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
+
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|1|lbl=51r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
|
 
| <p>Wan du au&#383;&#658; dem &#383;treichñ durch wech&#383;el&#383;t / vñ kumb&#383;t &#658;v der anderñ &#383;eittñ obñ auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / &#383;o mag&#383;tu die &#383;tuck gleich als wol treibñ als vor mit c&#658;eckrurñ / vñ mit allñ din/gñ al&#383;&#658; vor auff allñ &#383;eitñ</p>
 
  
|-
+
<p><br/><br/></p>
|
 
| <p>[129] {{red|b=1|Note an onset from the setting-aside}}</p>
 
  
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-gp">Word omitted from the Glasgow and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> When you fence with someone and when you come closing in to him}}, so approach in the plow, and drive it swiftly with winding from one side to the other and such that your point always<ref name="word-dg"/> stands still in front,<ref>"In front" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and from that you may execute the parries;<ref>Alternately: "parrying(s)".</ref> this is the “nearing”<ref name="nearing">I.e. closing-in. It is not "the ''nach''" (after) because ''nach'' is neuter and would be ''das nach''. G. also writes ''die neche''. ''næhe'' could also be "the boat".</ref> and into that you may strengthen with the long edge, and from that execute all the afore-named plays. You may also set-aside cuts and thrusts, and break them simply with winding, and seek the openings with the point.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|3|lbl=107v|p=1}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>'''Fechtñ au&#383;&#658; dem ab&#383;ec&#658;en'''</p>
 
 
 
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vnd nahendt c&#658;u ym kum&#383;t / &#383;o kum in den phflug / vnd treib den behendlich mit wendñ von ainer &#383;eitñ c&#658;u der andrñ / vnd da&#383;&#658; dein ort alweg vor dir pleib / au&#383;&#658; dem mag&#383;tu treibñ da&#383;&#658; ver&#383;ec&#658;ñ / da&#383;&#658; i&#383;t die nech / vnd yn dem mag&#383;tu &#383;terckñ mit der langen &#383;chneidt / vnd dar au&#383;&#658; treiben alle vor geende &#383;tuch / auch mag&#383;tu hew vnd &#383;tich ab&#383;ec&#658;ñ vnd die flechlichñ prechñ / vnd mit dem ort die ple&#383;&#658; &#383;uchen</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 14.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>[130] {{red|b=1|The barrier-guard,<ref>P. "side-guard".</ref> make it thusly:}}</p>
 
 
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence with someone and come closing into him}}, so stand with the left foot forward and lay the sword with the point upon the ground to your right side and<ref name="word-p"/> such that the long edge is above; and from the left side, the short edge below<ref name="word-g"/> and the right<ref name="word-d"/> foot stands<ref name="word-g"/> forward.<ref>"And from… stands forward" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> This goes to both sides.<ref name="sentence-dg">Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E2r]</small> '''Nebñ Hut'''</p>
+
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vñ nahendt c&#658;u ym kum&#383;t / &#383;o &#383;te mit dem linckñ fu&#383;&#658; vor vnd leg das &#383;chwerdt mit dem ort auf die erdt c&#658;u deiner rechtñ &#383;eittñ/das die lang &#383;chneid obñ &#383;ey da&#383;&#658; get c&#658;u paiden &#383;eittñ</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| If you will stab ahead<br/>&emsp;with disengaging break the defense
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side. Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[131] {{red|b=1|This play executes from the barrier-guard<ref>P. "side-guard".</ref> thusly:}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
<p>Item.<ref name="word-p"/> If one cuts above to you or from under up (or wherever it otherwise is),<ref name="clause-dg">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> so cleave-in to him crooked into the opening with a step-out.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Stuck au&#383; der Nebñ hut'''</p>
 
 
 
<p>Haut dir ainer obñ c&#658;u / oder &#383;un&#383;t wo e&#383;&#658; &#383;ey / &#383;o haw du ym krump ein &#658;u der ple&#383;&#658; mit ainẽ au&#383;&#658; trit</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[132] Item. Or cut him crooked to the flats and as soon as it sparks, seek the “nearing”<ref name="nearing"/> with the short edge.</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
|
+
{| class="zettel"
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|1|lbl=52r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
|
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <small>6</small>
| <p>[133] Item.<ref name="word-p"/> Or execute the inverter into his face with the point, and when he binds-on to you, so strengthen with the long edge and [you] may execute any plays which are afore named in the striking.</p>
+
| Mark if he will pull back<br/>&emsp;from injury and will fly
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Treib den verkerer ein mit dem ort c&#658;u &#383;einem g&#383;icht / vnd wan er anpindt / &#383;o &#383;terk mit der langñ &#383;chneidt / vnd mag&#383;t alle &#383;tuck treiben die vorgeendt &#383;eindt in dem &#383;treichñ</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| Then you should close<br/>&emsp;to wisely conduct blocks
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[134] {{red|b=1|This is called the little-wheel}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
 
 
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence with another, so stretch your arm from you long}} and such that your thumb remains upon the sword above, and wind the sword<ref name="word-g"/> around with the point in front of you, just like a little-wheel; with that you may execute<ref name="clause-dg"/> from below swiftly to your left side and with that<ref>"With that" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> go to the man, and from that you may change-through or bind-on to whichever side you wish, and when you have bound-upon, you may execute whatever play you wish that you think best,<ref>P. "convenient".</ref> as before.<ref name="clause-g"/><ref>P. "then escape afterwards".</ref></p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|1|lbl=52v|p=1}}
+
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 084r.jpg|1|lbl=84r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|1|lbl=108r}}
| <p>'''Au&#383;&#658; legung de&#383;&#658; Rac&#658;'''</p>
 
 
 
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / &#383;o &#383;treck dein arm͂ lang von dir / vñ da&#383;&#658; dein daum obñ pleib auff dem &#383;chwerdt / vñ wendt da&#383;&#658; &#383;chwerdt von dir mit dem ort / darmit du auftreiben mag&#383;t / von vndñ auff deiner linckñ &#383;eittñ behendt / vñ gee c&#658;u dem man / dar au&#383;&#658; mag&#383;tu auff wel/che &#383;eitten du wildt durchwech&#383;lñ / oder wa&#383;&#658; &#383;tuck dir fuglich i&#383;t / dẽ pfortail nach</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[135] {{red|b=1|Also break the thwart}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you stand in the<ref name="word-d"/> guard from-the-roof and one}} cuts {{red|you}} with the thwart, simultaneously cleave-in to him with the wrath-cut, and bind on<ref>"Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> his sword with strength, and seek the openings with the point;<ref name="clause-p">Clause omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> and if he then<ref name="word-p"/> wishes to strike-around it to the other side<ref>"To the other side" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> with the thwart, so come before with the thwart under his sword to his neck, or slice him with the long edge into the arm when he strikes-around.<ref>P. "So thwart in before to his neck".</ref></p>
+
|-  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>8</small>
 +
| If you would wrestle<br/>&emsp;legs back rightly teach springing
 +
|-
 +
| <small>9</small>
 +
| trap before shooting<br/>&emsp;That you shoot front leg artfully
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Twer Hew prechñ'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
<p>Wan du &#383;te&#383;t in der hut vom tag / vñ ainer auf dich haut mit der twer / &#383;o haw den &#658;orñhaw gleich mit ym ein vnd pindt ym &#383;tarck mitten auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt vñ wil er vm&#383;chlahñ mit der twer / &#383;o twer ym vorñ c&#658;u &#383;einẽ hal&#383;&#658; / auch mag&#383;tu alle &#383;tuck treibñ als in dem &#383;treichñ</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 15.jpg|300px|center]]
+
|  
| <p>[136] {{red|b=1|A break against the break}}</p>
+
| <p>[8] </p>
  
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> {{red|Note}},<ref name="word-d"/> when you thwart, and one wishes to also come before ahead with the thwart under your sword on the neck, so fall-down<ref name="word-gp"/> in-the-moment<ref name="word-d"/> with the long edge strongly onto his sword, thus is it broken. And<ref name="word-d"/> take the nearest opening which may appear to you.</p>
+
<p>When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|1|lbl=53r}}
+
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E3r]</small> '''Ain Anders'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
 
 
<p>MERCK wan du twer&#383;t vnd dir ainer auch mit der twer wil uorñ vor kumen vnder dein &#383;chwerdt an den hal&#383;&#658; / &#383;o vall ym indes mit der langñ &#383;chneidt &#383;tarck auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / &#383;o i&#383;t es geprochen / vnd nym die nech&#383;t ple&#383;&#658; an dye dir werden mag</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[137] {{red|b=1|Against the slice below into the arms<ref>P. "From the wrath-cut".</ref>}}</p>
+
| <p>[9] '''Or try the following.'''</p>
  
<p>{{red|Item}}.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence someone and if [you]<ref>"Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> cleave-in to him with the wrath-cut (or otherwise)<ref>"With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> from above downward,<ref name="word-dg"/> and he parries it and drives high with the hilt,<ref>P. "arms".</ref> and you as well,<ref name="clause-p"/> and [you] both<ref name="word-dg"/> run-in with each other, so take the under-slice; and if he is then so prudent and wishes to take<ref>D., G. "will take".</ref> the under-slice to you, under your hands into the arms, follow-after underneath his sword with the long edge and press down; thus you have broken it, and seek the openings.</p>
+
<p>When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|1|lbl=53v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Vom &#658;orn haw'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vnd hau&#383;t ym ein mit dem &#658;orñhaw / oder &#383;un&#383;t von oben nider / vud er dir das ver&#383;ec&#658;t / vnd fert hoch auff mit den armen / vnd lauft paidt einander ein / vñ i&#383;t er dan &#383;o fur&#383;ichtig vñ will dir dein &#383;chnidt nemen vnder den hendñ in die arm͂ / &#383;o volg &#383;einem &#383;chwerdt nach vndr&#383;ich mit der langñ &#383;chneidt vñ truck nider / &#383;o ha&#383;tus prochñ</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[138] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> But when you come high with the arms, and if he also goes}} thusly and again runs-in, and if he will then jab with the pommel [either] through the arms, under your hands, under the eyes, or on the chest, then drive below with the pommel strongly with the arms, and move into him<ref>Sic, lit. "you".</ref> and strike him with your sword upon his head;<ref>"And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> thus you have broken it.<ref name="clause-p"/></p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du aber hoch mit den armen kum&#383;t / vnd ainer auch al&#383;o/ vnd laufft dir ein vñ wolt er dich den mit dem knopf durch dein arm͂ vnder deinen lendñ / vnder die augñ / oder in die pru&#383;t &#383;to&#383;&#383;ñ / &#383;o var vnder&#383;ich mit dem knopf &#383;tarck mit den armen / vud ruck an dich / vnd &#383;chlach yn mit deim &#383;chwerdt auff &#383;ein kopf</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>10</small>
 +
| From both hands<br/>&emsp;if you would conclude well with art
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[139] {{red|Item. When you have bound-upon with someone and if he}} changes-through with the pommel and falls with the half-sword, this breaks simply with the over-slice; and in the slice,<ref name="clause-g"/> you may fall into the half sword and set-upon him.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 054r.png|1|lbl=54r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
|}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
{{master end}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
{{master begin
 
| title = Short Sword Gloss
 
| width = 174em
 
}}
 
{| class="floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
|  
! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}<ref>R. and V. seems to match the [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss.</ref><br/><br/></p>
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
{| class="zettel"
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
|-
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
| <small>11</small>
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Transcription]] (1512){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
| If you've been reversed<br/>&emsp;the sword against spear will go seek
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| The weapon will take the stab<br/>&emsp;Spring to wrestle reach to him
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|1|lbl=109r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|300px|center]]
 
| <p>'''In St George's name here begins the art.'''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|1|lbl=88r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[12]</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
+
|
 
+
| <p>[13] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
<p>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
+
|  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|1|lbl=83r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-
 
| <small>1</small>
 
| He who dismounts<br/>&emsp;begins fencing on foot
 
|-
 
| <small>2</small>
 
| He places his spear<br/>&emsp;two stances to wield weapons right
 
|}
 
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[14] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 +
|  
 +
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
+
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>3</small>
+
| <small>13</small>
| Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>&emsp;stab without force
+
| Hit long from left hand<br/>&emsp;Spring wisely and then see
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| If he will seek away<br/>&emsp;from injury and hit
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>4</small>
+
| <small>15</small>
| Spring wind attack him<br/>&emsp;onward disengage to face him on
+
| so that his openings<br/>&emsp;are harassed by the sword's point
 
|}
 
|}
<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
+
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[16] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
+
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small></small>
+
| <small>16</small>
| <br/><br/>
+
| Leather and gloves<br/>&emsp;under the eyes seek the openings rightly
 
|}
 
|}
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
+
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
 +
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-}}
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
<p><br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|3|lbl=107v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>5</small>
+
| <small>17</small>
| If you will stab ahead<br/>&emsp;with disengaging break the defense
+
| Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>&emsp;to the lesson wisely,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| to lock find<br/>&emsp;the strength to wend over with
 
|}
 
|}
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side. Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
+
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
 
|-
+
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
| <small>6</small>
 
| Mark if he will pull back<br/>&emsp;from injury and will fly
 
|-
 
| <small>7</small>
 
| Then you should close<br/>&emsp;to wisely conduct blocks
 
|}
 
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 084r.jpg|1|lbl=84r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|1|lbl=108r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
+
| <p>[20] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
|  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
| <small>8</small>
 
| If you would wrestle<br/>&emsp;legs back rightly teach springing
 
|-
 
| <small>9</small>
 
| trap before shooting<br/>&emsp;That you shoot front leg artfully
 
|}
 
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[8] </p>
+
| <p>[21] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
<p>When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <p>[22] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[9] '''Or try the following.'''</p>
+
| <p>[23] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
+
|
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
+
| <p>[24] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>10</small>
 
| From both hands<br/>&emsp;if you would conclude well with art
 
|}
 
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[25] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena, also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| With all weapons<br/>&emsp;turn the point to the openings
 +
|}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}<ref>R. and V. seems to match the [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss.</ref><br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}<br/><br/></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>11</small>
+
| <small>20</small>
| If you've been reversed<br/>&emsp;the sword against spear will go seek
+
| Where one in defense<br/>&emsp;draws the sword visibly to him
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>12</small>
+
| <small>21</small>
| The weapon will take the stab<br/>&emsp;Spring to wrestle reach to him
+
| That one shall strongly<br/>&emsp;defend right mark well
 
|}
 
|}
<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
+
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|1|lbl=109r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[12]</p>
+
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}<br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[13] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[29] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[14] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[30] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[31]</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
+
| <p>[32] If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|-  
+
|  
| <small>13</small>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| Hit long from left hand<br/>&emsp;Spring wisely and then see
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|1|lbl=111v|p=1}}
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>14</small>
 
| If he will seek away<br/>&emsp;from injury and hit
 
|-
 
| <small>15</small>
 
| so that his openings<br/>&emsp;are harassed by the sword's point
 
|}
 
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p>[33]</p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
+
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[16] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[34] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
+
| <p>[35] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
|
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
| <small>16</small>
+
|
| Leather and gloves<br/>&emsp;under the eyes seek the openings rightly
 
|}
 
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
 
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 +
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
  
|-  
+
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
+
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-
 
| <small>17</small>
 
| Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>&emsp;to the lesson wisely,
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>18</small>
 
| to lock find<br/>&emsp;the strength to wend over with
 
|}
 
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[37] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
+
| <p>[38] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
 
+
|
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[20] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
+
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[21] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
+
| <p>[40] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/>{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[22] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
+
| <p>[41] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[23] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
+
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|5|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[24] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
+
| <p>[43] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, yank and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[25] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena, also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
+
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[45] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
+
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
{| class="zettel"
+
 
|-
+
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
| <small>19</small>
+
|  
| With all weapons<br/>&emsp;turn the point to the openings
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[47] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>20</small>
+
|
| Where one in defense<br/>&emsp;draws the sword visibly to him
+
| <p>[48] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>21</small>
 
| That one shall strongly<br/>&emsp;defend right mark well
 
|}
 
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[49] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}<br/></p>
+
| <p>[50] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[29] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}<br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 +
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[30] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[31]</p>
+
| <p>[52] In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
 
 
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[32] If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
+
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|1|lbl=111v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[33]</p>
+
| <p>[54] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
 
+
|
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[34] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
+
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| Before and after the two things<br/>&emsp;teach testing wisely with springing away
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 +
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|3|lbl=105v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[35] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
+
| <p>[56] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
|
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[57] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[37] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
+
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}<br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
+
{| class="zettel"
|
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>23</small>
 +
| Follow all hits<br/>&emsp;with strength if you will weaken him
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| If he guards then disengage<br/>&emsp;stab as he goes backward
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| If he fights extended,<br/>&emsp;then be artfully instructed
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|1|lbl=106r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[38] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
+
| <p>[59] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
+
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>26</small>
|
+
| If he grabs on strong<br/>&emsp;in the shot face him on
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|}
 +
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[40] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[61] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
| <p><br/>{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[41] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[62] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
+
| <p>[63] When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
 
 
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[43] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, yank and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
+
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| If he shoots with the striking point<br/>&emsp;Meet without force
 +
|-
 +
| <small>28</small>
 +
| Teach to twist the point<br/>&emsp;with both hands to the eyes
 +
|}
 +
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|4|lbl=-}}
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[45] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
+
| <p>[65] The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[66] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[47] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
+
| <p>[67] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[48] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[49] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[68] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[50] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
+
| <p>[69] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|6|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[70] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|5|lbl=-}}
|
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[52] In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
+
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>29</small>
 +
| You must guard<br/>&emsp;the forward foot with the strike
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[72] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
|  
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = Mounted Fencing Gloss
 +
| width = 150em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation (from the Glasgow)}}<br/>by [[Stephen Cheney]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[54] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
+
| <p>[1] <br/><br/></p>
|  
+
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
+
<p>{{red|Here begins Master Johannes Liechtenauer’s mounted fencing, which he has allowed to be written with obscure and disguised words, which is interpreted and glossed here in this book, so that any fencer may well hear it, if he can otherwise fence.}}</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|3|lbl=75r}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
+
| <p>[2] '''This is the text'''</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
{|class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>22</small>
+
| <small>1</small>
| Before and after the two things<br/>&emsp;teach testing wisely with springing away
+
| {{red|Direct your spear<br/>Against riding, make useless}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is when you have a lance, and another also has one, and wants to ride together with you, you shall therefore know to arrange yourself with your lance so that, with it, you divert<ref>Orignal: “ableyttest,” - “ableiten,” literally to lead away, also to derive, deduce, divert, drain, deflect, channel off.</ref> his and hit him with the stab, and he does not hit you, and you shall know to drive the plays with the lance from two guards, which will be named to you hereafter.</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p><br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|3|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[56] </p>
+
| <p>[3] The 21st figure speaks about this: The strength in the wielding, etc.</p>
 
 
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[57] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[4] '''This is the text about the play from the first guard'''</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>2</small>
 +
| {{red|If it recommends<br/>Your end to him, unbuckle}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the play from the first guard: When you ride together with him, hold your lance under the arm to the stab, and when it comes to the meeting,<ref>“Zu dem treffen,” could be in the sense of the two fencers meeting each other, or one lance connecting to the other, or a lance landing a hit. Context indicates that it is the first for this one.</ref> do as if it is too heavy for you, and let it sink with the point low forward against your left side. If he then rides upon you with a stab, raise up your lance upwards with strength at his, so you hit him, and he does not hit you, because his lance goes away next to the side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|1|lbl=75v}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[5] The first figure speaks about this: Hunt from the chest, etc.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
|  
|-
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <small>23</small>
 
| Follow all hits<br/>&emsp;with strength if you will weaken him
 
|-
 
| <small>24</small>
 
| If he guards then disengage<br/>&emsp;stab as he goes backward
 
|-
 
| <small>25</small>
 
| If he fights extended,<br/>&emsp;then be artfully instructed
 
|}
 
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|1|lbl=106r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[59] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the play from the second guard}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Note, when you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle in front of you athwart on the saddle bow. If he then rides upon you with a stab, then strike his lance away with the front part of your lance onto your right side from you, and wind your lance with it under your right arm, so you hit him and he does not hit you.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] The 17th figure speaks about this: Hunt to the, etc.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
|
|-
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <small>26</small>
 
| If he grabs on strong<br/>&emsp;in the shot face him on
 
|}
 
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[61] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
+
| <p>[8] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[62] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
+
| <p>[9] '''This is the text'''</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{|class="zettel"
|  
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>3</small>
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{red|Hew in, don’t draw<br/>From scabbard jolt to him left}}
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>4</small>
 +
| {{red|Grip to his right<br/>So you catch him without fencing}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if both fail with the lance while riding, let yours fall from your hand, and draw neither sword nor knife, and ride to him, and turn yourself with your left side to his right, and drive the wrestles described hereafter:</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[63] When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|1|lbl=76r|p=1}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] <br/></p>
{| class="zettel"
+
 
|-  
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with the left side at his right, if he then grips at you with the right hand forward and wants to wrestle, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your right, and drive the unnamed hold, or the secret.</p>
| <small>27</small>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| If he shoots with the striking point<br/>&emsp;Meet without force
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>28</small>
 
| Teach to twist the point<br/>&emsp;with both hands to the eyes
 
|}
 
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, grip his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and raise his right foot with your left foot, so he falls.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[65] The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
+
| <p>[12] Or, when you have gripped his right elbow with the left hand, grip his sword pommel with the right, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[66] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[13] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[67] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
+
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Here note another}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This is if you may not come to his right side with the left side, hold yourself with the right at his right. If he then grips to you with wrestling, drive the sheep hold,<ref>“Schaff griff,the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.</ref> or the sun showing.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[15] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with your right side at his right, if he then has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then move with your right arm down from above outwards over his right, and press the arm to the right side, and ride forward, so you take his sword, or rise with the right arm from inwards over his right, and press the arm forward to your chest, and ride forward, so you again take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|1|lbl=113r|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[68] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[16] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand…</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[69] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[17] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[70] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}<br/><br/></p>
+
| <p>[18] </p>
{| class="zettel"
+
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} Grip his right hand with your left and jolt it in front of your chest, and turn your horse from him, so he falls.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|1|lbl=76v}}
 +
|
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>29</small>
 
| You must guard<br/>&emsp;the forward foot with the strike
 
|}
 
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, grip his right elbow with the right hand, and raise his right foot with your right foot, so he must fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[72] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
+
| <p>[20] The second figure speaks about this: Turn around with the horse, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| {{red|The lance stabbing, fencing<br/>Learn to break moderately without hurry}}
 
|}
 
|}
{{master end}}
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} When someone rides upon you with a lance, you shall quite moderately<ref>Original: “sytigklich,” or “sittiglich,” at the time meant “moderately” in the sense of slowly or not too fast, modern “sittlich” means morally or ethically.</ref> ride against him, and with hurrying with the horse, so you may make all of his ridings upon you worthless with the previously written plays.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|1|lbl=114r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
{{master begin
 
| title = Mounted Fencing Gloss
 
| width = 144em
 
}}
 
{| class="floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
|
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
| <p>[22] Or, when you hurry or run, you can’t come to the art or to the play, and are similarly insecure on the horse.</p>
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
|
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[23] The 22nd figure speaks about this: This is now the spear, run, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|3|lbl=75r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[24] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[25] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[26] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|1|lbl=75v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[27] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[28] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[29] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the tasset<ref>Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.</ref> hew}}</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| {{red|If it converts itself<br/>So that sword will be dealt against sword}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| {{red|Correctly grasp the strong<br/>You search and note the tasset hew}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if you both have come from the lance, and shall fence with swords, lay your sword on<ref>Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.</ref> the left arm in the guard, and ride directly to him under eyes to his right side. If he then hews an over hew upon you, rise with the sword and parry the hew strongly with the long edge, and stab him to the face. If he parries the stab and rises high, hew with the long edge to the left hand, or to the reins,<ref>“Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.</ref> and if the horse tricks you,<ref>Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.</ref> then hew him to the right leg in the running away.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[31] The 7th figure speaks about this: Here begins, etc.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
+
|-  
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|1|lbl=76r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>8</small>
 +
| {{red|Learn to compel<ref>Original: “schütten”.</ref> well strong<br/>All hits without danger, distress him with it}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>9</small>
 +
| {{red|Plant without danger<br/>Whoever brushes, hang to his hair}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, that is, that you always shall bind on artfully with the sword, be it with hews or with stabs, and don’t withdraw yourself from the sword, and force him with the point to the plays written hereafter.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[33] The 20th figure speaks about this: Compel against, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Assess if you may plant to him with the sword. If he parries onto his left side and rides to you, rise with the pommel from below, through his sword, around his neck, and come with the left to the pommel to help, and jolt him to you onto the side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[35] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[36] The 6th figure speaks about this: Grip at with both hands, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[37] </p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew, move with your crossguard<ref>Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.</ref> under [his] jawbone, and grip him with the left hand by the helmet, and pull to yourself with it, and shove<ref>“Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.</ref> from you with the crossguard, so he falls.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
|
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[38] </p>
|
+
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|1|lbl=113r|p=1}}
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your hew or stab, and hurries to you, grip his right hand with the left, and with the right, set your point into his face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[39] The 8th figure speaks about this: Turn the right hand to him, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[40] </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|1|lbl=119r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,982: Line 3,006:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[41] </p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your over hew with the lateral,<ref>“Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.</ref> rise high with the right hand, and [hang]<ref>The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.</ref> with the point over top of his sword to his face or chest, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|1|lbl=76v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[42] </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[43] The 4th figure speaks about this: Plant high, swing, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[44] </p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|1|lbl=114r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
|  
+
{| class="zettel"
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>10</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to touch<br/>Long hunting, that severely hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>11</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever wards that<br/>So wind that, also hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| {{red|If he will continue it<br/>Catch reins, and let the bit guard}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Hold your sword next to your right leg in the guard, and ride to him as such, and stab him to the face with long outstretched arm. If he parries the stab, rise with the right hand and wind at the sword, and remain with the point in front of his face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|10|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[46] The 4th speaks about this: Plant high, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he then parries with the sword and hurries to you, rise with your hand inwards over his right arm, and grip your reins with left inverted hand under his arm, therefore you engulf<ref>“Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.</ref> his hand with the reins.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[48] The 10th figure speaks: Press firm, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[49] {{red|b=1|Here note the set-asides with the sword on horseback}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Note, when you ride to the man, and have your sword in a guard, note to which side he hews to you. If he hews to you from above to your left side, wind also onto your left side against his hew. Or, if he hews to you to your right side, wind also onto your right, so that your thumb always comes under, and with the parry, always set the point into his face, and drive this out against the lance also as such.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|1|lbl=121r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[50] The 19th figure speaks about this: Plant the point, etc.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[51] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew,<ref>Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.</ref> if he then remains by you as such, move with the pommel outside over top of his right hand, and shove the hand in front of you with the crossguard to your saddle bow, and with your left, grip his sword’s pommel, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[52] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,056: Line 3,119:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[53] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| {{red|Think about the opening<br/>Search for knife, don’t ward pommel}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is when you shall fence with someone in armor, you shall, before all cases, know to which side you may best defeat him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, under the face, or under the armpit, or outwards on the hand in the glove, or inwards into the hand of the palm, and in all joints of the armor at arms and at legs, and search for all the openings with stabs, and not with strikes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
+
 
 +
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[55] And if you may not quite work with the sword, when you come too near to him, work with the dagger, and if you may not come to your dagger, then assess if you may take his, and work with it to the opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[56] The 11th figure speaks: Search for the opening, arm, leather, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| {{red|Learn two sweeps<br/>With empty hand against the weapons}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, that you, before all cases, shall know and learn to take, how you shall work with free hand on horseback, and most importantly<ref>“Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.</ref> with the wrestling. Therefore, you shall address the reins as such, so that you may shift from one hand to the other, and therefore search for your advantage with it, and that is the greatest art on horseback.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[58] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand, learn, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sheep hold}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>15</small>
 +
| {{red|The sheep hold teaches<br/>Whoever turns themselves wrestling to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| {{red|As under eyes<br/>Grip him correctly with striking}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is the best wrestling of one on horseback, drive it as follows: When you want to wrestle, ride equally to the man under eyes to his right side, and engage him with wrestling. If he then attacks<ref>Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.</ref> against you, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it under your chest, and move over it with your right arm, and grip the saddle bow with it, and ride forward, so he must fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|1|lbl=78v}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[60] The 13th figure speaks about this: The sheep hold wards…</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|This is the text about wrestling}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>17</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever attacks you<br/>Against riding, he will be joined}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| {{red|Hanging to the earth<br/>Over grip him correctly with conduct}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, when you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his right side to yours, and falls with the right arm forward into your neck, move also around his as such, and move with the left hand behind around him, and come with it to your right to help, and jolt him to you onto the side, or strike your right arm above over his right, and throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|Another}}<ref>“Aliud,” Latin.</ref></p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his left side to your right, and if he falls with the left hand behind around your neck, rise with the right arm behind you strong over his left, and come with the left hand to the right hand to help, and press his left arm to him tight behind into your nape. If he then swerves with the arm, grip his left hand with the left, and drive the unnamed hold, or the forbidden hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
|
 +
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he grips behind around with the left hand and wants to wrestle, strike with the right arm outwards strong down from above into the joint of his left arm, and ride forward.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|1|lbl=79r|p=1}}
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[64] The 26th figure: Over grip, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| {{red|To both sides<br/>You learn all ridings against him}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, to whichever side you come to the man, you shall hold yourself near to him, and drive the art as follows: If you come upon him with your right side, drive the previous plays, which pertain to the right side. Or, if you come upon him with the left side, drive also what pertains to the left side, so he may not come to his plays.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|This is the text to the left side}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>20</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to ride<br/>Horse runs to the other side}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>21</small>
 +
| {{red|Compel the strong<br/>Plant with it, distress}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| {{red|In weapon which is valuable to you<br/>Wide sword, catch, carry, near the hand hate}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you want to ride to someone to his left side, you shall also bind on strong with the sword, be it with hewing or with stabbing, and always aim for the openings with the point, as you have done to the right side. With it, you force him to the plays which pertain to the left side, because there are several plays which one drives to the left side, which one cannot drive to the right.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|1|lbl=119r}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[67] The fifth figure speaks about this: The compelling, going before all, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[68] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, when you ride to him to the left side, hew in an over hew strong. If he then also hews in strong and wants to plant to you, you shall parry him while he is far from you with the sword. Or, if he comes near to you, grip his right hand with your left.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[69] The 16th figure speaks: Catch the weapon, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>23</small>
 +
| {{red|Or turn around<br/>Rested, defended to hunting}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| {{red|With all arts<br/>He hunts, he sends as is good}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if your horse carries you away in front of him, so that you can drive no play upon him, turn yourself to him to the side, there you may best drive the advantage.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|1|lbl=79v}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[71] The 14th figure speaks about this: In the length, turn around, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|10|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| {{red|If you pass<br/>And go left against your will}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| {{red|Touch upon your sword<br/>And wrestle, strike, not firmly}}
 +
|}
 +
Gloss: That is, if your horse tricks you, or how that happened, that you must ride to his left side against your will, lay your sword upon the left arm. If he then hews to the head, rise with the sword, and parry with the long edge. If you then come near to him with the parry, then move with the left arm over his right hand, and press it firmly as such into your left side, and bash him with the pommel under the face.
 +
</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[73] The 18th figure speaks about this: If you hunt left, fall upon it, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Note}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} when you press his right arm into his<ref>Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.</ref> left side, and ride away next to him, you take his sword. You may also catch with the reins into the hand with the move-over if you want.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[75] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you parry his over hew as is written before, hew in a free over hew above to the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|1|lbl=121r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you have your sword on the left arm in the guard, if one then rides upon you with a lance to your left side, rise well with the pommel and let the blade hang to the left side, and set aside his lance with it as such, and hew to his head, or plant to him. Or, if he rides to you with the lance to your right side, sweep straight up with the sword to his lance, and wind into the over hanging, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|1|lbl=80r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| {{red|Hunt one to the right<br/>Half turn around, ward fencing}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>28</small>
 +
| {{red|Catching with arm<br/>So may no harm near you}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you become forced to flee, and you were armed,<ref>“Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.</ref> and have nothing but a sword, and and then one plants with the lance behind to your right side, turn yourself out of the stab against him upon your left side, and turn yourself with the sword against his lance, and plant to him. Or, if he plants to you behind to your left side, turn yourself onto your right against him, and wind with the sword as before, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[78] The 24th figure speaks about this: If one hunts you from both sides, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Item:}} While you flee, you shall also know to nimbly turn yourself around in the saddle from one side to the other, and stab behind you, and set-aside sword and lance to both sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|Note a nimbleness with the lance}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you are hunted,<ref>“Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.</ref> and have a lance, if someone hunts towards you, and also has one, hold your lance with the right hand on the right shoulder, and when you see that he is nearly behind at you, raise the lance over the head upon your left shoulder, and let your point remain behind you, and turn yourself against him upon your left side, and strike your lance with it under the arm, so you come equally with him under the eyes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|1|lbl=80v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>29</small>
 +
| {{red|The knife taking<br/>Learn to hold without shame}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, how [you] shall take his sword or his knife or the dagger: Ride to his right side, and search for the opening, however you may, with hew or with stab. If he parries and comes near to you, grab his right arm behind his right hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it in front of you, and hold him firmly by it, and bend  your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must drop his sword.<ref>“Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”</ref> And when you hold him by the arm as such, you may strike him with the sword, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[82] The 25th figure speaks about this: The knife taking, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[83] {{red|b=1|This is about the unnamed hold}}</p>
|
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
|-  
|  
+
| <small>30</small>
 
+
| {{red|The unnamed<br/>Turn the strong, they stab}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| {{red|They strike<br/>Destroyed without any reach}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the unnamed hold: When you come to him with the left side, if he then has drawn his weapon and wants to strike you, or grabs you with the right hand in front with wrestling, grab his right arm with your right hand in front by the hand, and jolt it under your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forward, so you break his arm.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|1|lbl=81r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If you don’t want to break the arm, when you have jolted him in front of your chest, grab his right elbow with your left hand, and shove him from you with it, and grab his sword by the pommel with your right hand, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[85] The 23rd figure speaks about this: The unnamed hold, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|1|lbl=78v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sun showing}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to grapple<br/>You shall not allow riding next to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>33</small>
 +
| {{red|The sun showing<br/>If you want to bend the left arm}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| {{red|The front head touches<br/>Against after press very firmly}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| {{red|So that he sinks himself<br/>And rarely lengthens again on}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the best wrestling of one on horseback. When you ride together with him, if you then come with your right side to his right, hold yourself near to him, and grip behind around him with your left hand, and grab him with it by his left arm, and pull it tight around to you, and with your right hand, grip him below at his jawbone, and shove it firmly at you, upwards up, against his left side, so you turn his face against the sun. With it, you win his momentum, so that he may not hold himself.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|1|lbl=81v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if you come with the left side to his right, grab him as before, and throw him behind you onto your left side, and that wrestle is called the sun showing.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[88] The 15th figure speaks about this: In the after, catch the hand, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[89] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>36</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever aims that<br/>Grip over, then he will be shamed}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| {{red|Press arm to head<br/>The grip has often robbed saddle}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, this is the break against the sun showing. If someone comes with his right side to your right and wants to throw you with the sun showing, note when he grabs you with the right hand at the jawbone, then strike the right arm over his right, and jolt it firmly to your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forwards, so you throw him, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
|
+
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|1|lbl=79r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he comes with his left side to your right and grabs with his left hand behind around you towards your left arm, rise from below backward over his left arm and press him tight behind in the nape. If he then weasels away with the arm, grab his left hand with the left hand, and throw him with the unnamed hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[91] The fourth figure speaks about this: Whoever wards the stab, catch to him, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|Another text}}</p>
|  
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
|-
|
+
| <small>38</small>
 
+
| {{red|Yet if you want to moderate<ref>Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”</ref> yourself<br/>Of the catching, light letting go from you}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| {{red|Then lead wrestling<br/>Caught without laces}}<ref>Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”</ref>
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is called the secret wrestle, if you want to make it common, and allow to be evidently seen, drive it as follows: Ride with your left side at his right. If he grips you in front with wrestling, with your right hand, grip his right arm in front by the hand, and jolt it forward, and with the left hand, grip his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and shove his right arm above over the left arm with the right hand, and raise his right arm upwards as such with the left arm. Therefore you have caught him and bound without any bind, and drive this to both sides.</p>
 
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| class="noline" | <p>[93] </p>
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| <small>40</small>
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| {{red|Note the before-hold<br/>It continually breaks his strength}}
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, you shall always come before, sooner than he, with the grappling and wrestling which you have heard, and most importantly with the four chief wrestles,<ref>“vier haubt ringñ”</ref> with which you let him come to no plays, that is the sheep hold, the unnamed hold, the sun showing, and the secret hold, and of the catches with the reins, you shall not forget with, and when you can do the wrestles well, no one may throw you hard from the horse without harm.</p>
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For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
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<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Illustrations]]
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| authors    = Unknown
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| source link =
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| license    = public domain
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = Translation (Long Sword)
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| authors    = [[Christian Trosclair]]
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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| source link =
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| source title= Wiktenauer
 
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| license    = noncommercial
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = Translation (Short Sword)
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| authors    = [[David Rawlings]]
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| source link =
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|1|lbl=80r|p=1}}
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| source title= Document circulated online
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| license    = copyrighted
 
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = Translation (Mounted)
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| authors    = [[Stephen Cheney]]
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Fragments]]
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| source title= [[Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)]]
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
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 +
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 +
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Fragments]]
 +
| authors    = [[Werner Ueberschär]]
 +
| source link =  
 +
| source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
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| license    = noncommercial
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]]
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| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)]]
 +
| license    = copyrighted
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}}
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{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
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{{master end}}
  
|-  
+
== Additional Resources ==
|
+
 
|  
+
* [[David Lindholm|Lindholm, David]] and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
|  
+
* Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor''. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
|
+
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965.
 +
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript.'' Poland: [[Adam Marshall]], 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
 +
 
 +
== References ==
  
|-
+
{{reflist|2}}
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+
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ringeck, Sigmund ain}}
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{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
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__FORCETOC__
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[[Category:Masters]]
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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[[Category:Armored Fencing]]
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[[Category:Longsword]]
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[[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|1|lbl=81r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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|}
 
{{master end}}
 
 
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Copyright and License Summary
 
  | width = 100%
 
}}
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
 
 
 
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Images]]
 
| authors    = Unknown
 
| source link =
 
| source title=
 
| license    = public domain
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation (Long Sword)
 
| authors    = [[Christian Trosclair]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= Wiktenauer
 
| license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation (Short Sword)
 
| authors    = [[David Rawlings]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= Document circulated online
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Fragments]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey'']]
 
| authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= Wiktenauer
 
| license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Fragments]]
 
| authors    = [[Werner Ueberschär]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
 
| license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{master end}}
 
 
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
 
 
* [[David Lindholm|Lindholm, David]] and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
 
* Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor''. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
 
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965.
 
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript.'' Poland: [[Adam Marshall]], 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
 
 
 
== References ==
 
  
{{reflist|2}}
+
[[Category:New format]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ringeck, Sigmund ain}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
 
 
[[Category:Masters]]
 
 
 
[[Category:Translation]]
 
 
 
[[Category:German]]
 
 
 
[[Category:Armored Fencing]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
 

Revision as of 22:54, 14 October 2020

Sigmund ain Ringeck
Period 15th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the name "Schining" (assigned him by Hans Medel) is uncertain, the suffix "ein Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify Schirrmeister, a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially Schirmmeister, a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.[1] Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that he was connected in some way to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer—his name was included by Paulus Kal in his roll of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in ca. 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of Johannes Liechtenauer further narrows the list down to just two. If the MS 3227a is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of H. Beringer) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored long sword fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he was one of only a few known authors of a gloss of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.

Stemma

While only one treatise bears Ringeck's name, a gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword, he is often considered to be the author of the glosses of the short sword and mounted verses as well. The latter are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire MS Dresd.C.487 (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the long sword is always accompanied by one or both of the others. All three seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as "pseudo-Peter von Danzig", which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its author's name.

Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the MS E.1939.65.341 (Glasgow) and MS Var.82 (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that source for the Dresden did as well, though the scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,[5] one merely dropped the word "pictured",[6] and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"[7]).

Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck

The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just elevent paragraphs added by Hans von Speyer as addenda to certain sections of the Lew gloss in his 1491 manuscript M.I.29 (Salzburg).[8] A twelfth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.

The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing the majority of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,[4] and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.

The 1508[9] Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.

The third version from this period, the Vienna, is found at the end of a manuscript attributed to the workshop of Albrecht Dürer; like all of Dürer's fencing material, appears to be connected with the visit of Emperor Maximilian I to Dürer's home city of Nuremberg in 1512.[10] This manuscript contains only a disordered but complete rendering of the short sword gloss; this is strange because the manuscript also contains wrestling plays potentialy derived from the Glasgow Fechtbuch (which omits the short sword and includes the other two).

The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, Paulus Hector Mair produced the Reichstadt Nr. 82 (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master Antonius Rast.[11] Included in this manuscript was a version of Nicolaüs' long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text.

The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter Joachim Meÿer until his death in 1571.[12] It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).

All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).

Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.

(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg,[13] which was acquired by Mair and bound into the Cod. I.6.2º.5 after 1566.[14] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including Nicolaüs and Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Wierschin, Martin. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens. München: Beck, 1965.
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. For a different perspective, see Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. Dresden fol. 31r.
  6. Dresden fol. 20r.
  7. Dresden fol. 27r.
  8. MS M.I.29 is signed and internally dated on folio 158r.
  9. MS E.1939.65.341 is internally dated on folio 22r.
  10. Friedrich Dörnhöffer. Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. Vienna: F. Tempsky, 1910.
  11. The origin of Reichstadt Nr. 82 is detailed on folio IIr.
  12. The only date, 1570, is given on folio 123 (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See Joachim Meyer. The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Trans. Jeffrey L. Forgeng. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.
  13. Medel's section of the Cod. I.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  14. The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  15. 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  16. "Known as" omitted from the Dresden.
  17. D. schirmaiste~, R. schiermeister.
  18. Count Palatine
  19. Duke
  20. "and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Corrected from »am«.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  23. lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm
  24. alt: instruction
  25. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  26. Possibly "strongly desire to conduct".
  27. 27.0 27.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  28. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  29. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  30. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  31. Alternately: weapons.
  32. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  33. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  34. Possibly "wages".
  35. Lit: "hew other hews".
  36. "In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.
  37. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  38. R. "the".
  39. 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 39.18 39.19 39.20 39.21 39.22 39.23 39.24 39.25 39.26 39.27 39.28 39.29 39.30 39.31 39.32 39.33 39.34 39.35 39.36 39.37 39.38 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.42 39.43 39.44 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  40. 40.0 40.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  41. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (offset).
  42. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  43. 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 D. "the".
  44. D. bind: "bind-in".
  45. R. Jun ger [sic].
  46. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  47. D. hurten: "to rush".
  48. "The hew, or thrust, or cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  49. "Nor thrust… cut" omitted from the Rostock.
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 51.7 51.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  53. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  54. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 17rv
  55. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  56. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  57. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  58. Rostock hews off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  59. Alternately: part, piece.
  60. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 61.5 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  62. Likely a scribal error and should be "his".
  63. "The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. S. "the over- or under-hew".
  65. Possibly "it".
  66. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  67. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the Lew gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.
  68. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v
  69. This phrase has no verb, likely due to scribal error; it has been completed based on the version in the treatise of Hans Medel.
  70. Rostock begins again at this point.
  71. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  72. S. "Item".
  73. 73.0 73.1 Paragraphs 33 and 35 are substantially similar and are likely based on the same original text. However, they contain significant differences in the beginning of the device and it is unclear which represents the original version; the version found in Rostock and Salzburg seems to refer to the technique in 32, whereas the Dresden refers to 34 (not found in the others). In this compilation, the two versions are displayed separately, first that of the Rostock and Salzburg (34) and then that of the Dresden (35).
  74. S. "if".
  75. S. "his".
  76. S. "the".
  77. S. "where he shall guard himself".
  78. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  79. D. has the word "Gloss" here; this appears to be a scribal error, as it corresponds to the position of the phrase "as is pictured here-after" in the Rostock, and all instances of that phrase were removed by the scribe of the Dresden.
  80. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  81. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  82. D. "thwart".
  83. 83.0 83.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  84. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  85. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  86. "-Cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  87. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  88. 88.0 88.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  89. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 21v
  90. R. "wind".
  91. "With the over-hew" omitted from the Glasgow.
  92. R. unternn: "lower".
  93. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  94. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  95. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  96. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  97. "Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  98. G. twerhaw: "thwart-hew".
  99. R. "wind".
  100. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  101. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  102. Alternately: to turn around.
  103. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  104. D. "is".
  105. 105.0 105.1 D. "right".
  106. D. mit auß: "with from".
  107. As a thief would break into a house.
  108. 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  109. Word is doubled in the Glasgow.
  110. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  111. "Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock
  112. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  113. "With upright arms… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.
  114. Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  115. R. "pictured here".
  116. 116.00 116.01 116.02 116.03 116.04 116.05 116.06 116.07 116.08 116.09 116.10 116.11 116.12 116.13 116.14 116.15 116.16 116.17 116.18 116.19 116.20 116.21 116.22 116.23 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  117. Corrected from »seiner«.
  118. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  119. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  120. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  121. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  122. S. "You may also do this".
  123. "A free over-hew" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  124. "With the visage" omitted from the Salzburg.
  125. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  126. D., G. "the head".
  127. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  128. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  129. 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  130. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  131. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  132. "If he displaces" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  133. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  134. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  135. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  136. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  137. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  138. G., R., S. "Item".
  139. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  140. "The point" omitted from the Salzburg.
  141. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  142. D., G., R. "you".
  143. D., G., S. "the".
  144. "In the displacement" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  145. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  146. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  147. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  148. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  149. G. "since".
  150. 150.0 150.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 28v
  151. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  152. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  153. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  154. D., G., S. "cut".
  155. 155.0 155.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  156. S. "well broken".
  157. "From the under-cut" omitted from the Salzburg.
  158. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  159. Imperative of fliehen.
  160. alt: unpleasant, repugnant
  161. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  162. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  163. 163.0 163.1 163.2 163.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  164. "With the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  165. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  166. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  167. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  168. G. "Guard yourself displacing crossed in front".
  169. D. instead continues "that the four displacings, they are the four hews".
  170. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "displaces".
  171. D. "oxen".
  172. S. other.
  173. "they allow the... do not parry" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  174. S. Item
  175. R. "This is when one displaces your over-hew"; S. "If your over-hew is parried and it comes nearing upon him".
  176. D. "in front of".
  177. G., S. versetzte: "shifted, misplaced, displaced, parried".
  178. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  179. 179.0 179.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 31r
  180. "And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  181. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  182. 182.0 182.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  183. S. "also".
  184. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  185. D. "grasp with the sword".
  186. G. magst: "may".
  187. 187.0 187.1 G. "the".
  188. Alternately: defense.
  189. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  190. 190.0 190.1 "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  191. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  192. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  193. Corrected from »dem«.
  194. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  195. R. "or".
  196. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  197. D. haw: "hew".
  198. Mähnen, menen, mennen. To drive cattle, to impel an animal to move(in particular a driver or rider with a cattle-drive). To exert command over something reacting. To lead.
  199. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  200. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  201. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  202. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  203. S. "soft or hard".
  204. S. "feeling".
  205. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  206. D., G. gewar, S. ÿnnen.
  207. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 33v
  208. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  209. D. "winds".
  210. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  211. D. "Item".
  212. G. "note".
  213. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  214. Zucken has the connotation of yanking something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the yank.
  215. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  216. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  217. D. "(and with other plays)".
  218. 218.0 218.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  219. G. "next to this".
  220. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  221. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  222. Corrected from »dim«.
  223. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  224. D. "left hand inverted".
  225. 225.0 225.1 D. "your".
  226. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  227. 227.0 227.1 G. "his".
  228. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  229. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  230. Corrected from »sinem«.
  231. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  232. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  233. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  234. D. "A sword taking".
  235. Read: "attacks".
  236. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  237. 237.0 237.1 G. far: "drive".
  238. D. "Yet another cut".
  239. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  240. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  241. G. "your".
  242. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  243. "With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  244. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  245. Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  246. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  247. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  248. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  249. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  250. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  251. 251.0 251.1 251.2 251.3 251.4 251.5 251.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  252. A. "and".
  253. 253.0 253.1 253.2 253.3 253.4 253.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  254. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  255. 255.0 255.1 255.2 255.3 255.4 255.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  256. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  257. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  258. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  259. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  260. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  261. abziechen.
  262. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  263. "just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  264. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  265. A., D. "the".
  266. D. "hews from above to below".
  267. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  268. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  269. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  270. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  271. shifting, balance
  272. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  273. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  274. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  275. Dresden reverses these.
  276. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  277. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  278. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  279. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  280. D. "understand".
  281. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  282. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  283. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  284. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  285. A. "over-windings-upon".
  286. A. "and".
  287. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  288. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  289. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  290. D. "wounder".
  291. R. and V. seems to match the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.
  292. Orignal: “ableyttest,” - “ableiten,” literally to lead away, also to derive, deduce, divert, drain, deflect, channel off.
  293. “Zu dem treffen,” could be in the sense of the two fencers meeting each other, or one lance connecting to the other, or a lance landing a hit. Context indicates that it is the first for this one.
  294. “Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.
  295. Original: “sytigklich,” or “sittiglich,” at the time meant “moderately” in the sense of slowly or not too fast, modern “sittlich” means morally or ethically.
  296. Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.
  297. Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.
  298. “Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.
  299. Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.
  300. Original: “schütten”.
  301. Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.
  302. “Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.
  303. “Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.
  304. The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.
  305. Corrected from »geradt«.
  306. “Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.
  307. Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.
  308. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.
  309. “Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.
  310. Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.
  311. “Aliud,” Latin.
  312. Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.
  313. “Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.
  314. “Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.
  315. “Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”
  316. Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”
  317. Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”
  318. “vier haubt ringñ”