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{{active development}}
 
 
{{infobox writer
 
{{infobox writer
| name                = [[name::Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck]]
+
| name                = [[name::Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
 
| image                = File:Sigmund Ringeck.png
 
| image                = File:Sigmund Ringeck.png
 
| imagesize            = 250px
 
| imagesize            = 250px
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| pseudonym            =  
 
| pseudonym            =  
 
| birthname            =  
 
| birthname            =  
| birthdate            = unknown
+
| birthdate            =  
 
| birthplace          =  
 
| birthplace          =  
| deathdate            = before 1470
+
| deathdate            =  
 
| deathplace          =  
 
| deathplace          =  
 
| resting_place        =  
 
| resting_place        =  
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| patron              = Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
 
| patron              = Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
  
| period              =  
+
| period              = 15th century
 
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
 
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
 
| subject              =  
 
| subject              =  
| movement            = [[Society of Liechtenauer]]
+
| movement            = [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]]
 
| notableworks        =  
 
| notableworks        =  
 
| archetype            = Hypothetical
 
| archetype            = Hypothetical
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist | [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (1504-19) | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508) | [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (1563-71) }}
+
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
| principal manuscript(s)=
+
| [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.Ⅰ.29]] (1491)
 +
| [[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|MS 26-232]] (1512)
 +
| [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (1553)
 +
| [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.2]] (1564)
 +
}}
 +
| principal manuscript(s)={{collapsible list
 +
| [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (1504-19)
 +
| [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 +
| [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (ca. 1570)
 +
}}
 
| first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2001
 
| first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2001
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
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| relatives            =  
 
| relatives            =  
 
| influences          = [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
 
| influences          = [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
| influenced          = {{plainlist | [[Hans Medel]] | [[Joachim Meÿer]] }}
+
| influenced          = {{plainlist
 +
| [[Hans Medel]]
 +
| [[Joachim Meÿer]]
 +
}}
 
| awards              =  
 
| awards              =  
 
| signature            =  
 
| signature            =  
 
| website              =  
 
| website              =  
 
| translations        = {{collapsible list
 
| translations        = {{collapsible list
  | title = List of translations
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  | {{English translation|http://www.historical-academy.co.uk/files/research/keith-farrell/Ringeck%20Longsword.pdf|1}}
  | 1    = {{English translation|http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Ringeck.htm|1}}
+
  | {{English translation|http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Ringeck.htm|1}}
  | 2    = {{French translation|http://ardamhe.free.fr/biblio/Tetraptyque.pdf|1}}
+
  | {{French translation|http://ardamhe.free.fr/biblio/Tetraptyque.pdf|1}}
  | 3    = {{Hungarian translation|http://www.middleages.hu/magyar/harcmuveszet/vivokonyvek/ringeck.php|1}}
+
  | {{Hungarian translation|http://www.middleages.hu/magyar/harcmuveszet/vivokonyvek/ringeck.php|1}}
  | 4    = {{Polish translation|http://feder.org.pl/images/pdfs/MS_DRESD_C_487-puklerz.pdf|1}}
+
  | {{Polish translation|http://feder.org.pl/images/pdfs/MS_DRESD_C_487-puklerz.pdf|1}}
  | 5    = {{Slovak translation|http://fecht-kunst.eu/wp/?p{{=}}599|1}}
+
  | {{Slovak translation|http://fecht-kunst.eu/wp/?p{{=}}599|1}}
  | 6    = {{Spanish translation|http://www.aveh.eu/documentos/EdadMedia/Ringekcas.pdf|1}}
+
  | {{Spanish translation|http://www.aveh.eu/documentos/EdadMedia/Ringekcas.pdf|1}}
  | 7    = {{Swedish translation|http://www.ghfs.se/Texter/Dresd487SigmundRingeck/tabid/144/language/en-US/Default.aspx|1}}
+
  | {{Swedish translation|http://www.ghfs.se/Texter/Dresd487SigmundRingeck/tabid/144/language/en-US/Default.aspx|1}}
 
}}
 
}}
 
| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck''' (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as ''Schirmaister'' to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for [[Paulus Kal]] to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the [[Society of Liechtenauer]] in 1470.<ref>[[Paulus Kal]]. Untitled [manuscript]. [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]]. Munich, Germany: [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]], 1470.</ref>
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{{about|the master and his glosses|the treatise on fencing from the sweeps sometimes ascribed to Ringeck|Stuck im aufstreichen}}
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'''Sigmund ain Ringeck''' (Ainring, Amring, Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. While the meaning of the name "Schining" (assigned him by [[Hans Medel]]) is uncertain, the surname "Ainring[ck]" may indicate that he came from the village of Ainring on the current German/Austrian border. He is named in the text as ''Schirmaister'' to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify ''Schirrmeister'', a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially ''Schirmmeister'', a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/schirrmeister-schermeister-schirmmeister/ Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister]". '' Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</ref> Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that he was connected in some way to the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]—his name was included by [[Paulus Kal]] in his roll of members of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] in ca. 1470.<ref>The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of [[Paulus Kal]]'s treatise: [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1460s), [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1570]] (ca. 1470), and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s).</ref>
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The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] further narrows the list down to just two. If the [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was [[wikipedia:Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht Ⅰ]], who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of [[H. Beringer]]) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been [[wikipedia:Albert III, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht Ⅲ]], who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.<ref>For a different perspective, see [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> [[wikipedia:Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht Ⅳ]] claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht Ⅳ lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.
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 +
Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]]. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on unarmored [[long sword]] fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century<ref name="Hoffman">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre"]. ''Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden''. Retrieved 26 May 2015.</ref> (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he was one of only a few known authors of a gloss of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.
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== Stemma ==
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While only one treatise bears Ringeck's name, a gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword, he is often considered to be the author of the glosses of the short sword and mounted verses as well. The latter are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]] (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the long sword is always accompanied by one or both of the others. All three seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as "[[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]]", which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its author's name.
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 +
Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (Glasgow) and [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|MS Var.82]] (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that source for the Dresden did as well, though the scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|31r]].</ref> one merely dropped the word "pictured",<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|20r]].</ref> and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"<ref>Dresden fol. [[page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|27r]].</ref>).
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 +
[[file:Ringeck stemma.png|300px|left|thumb|Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck]]
 +
 
 +
The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just elevent paragraphs added by [[Hans von Speyer]] as addenda to certain sections of the [[Lew]] gloss in his 1491 manuscript [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|M.Ⅰ.29]] (Salzburg).<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|MS M.Ⅰ.29]] is signed and internally dated on [[page:MS M.I.29 158r.jpg|folio 158r]].</ref> A twelfth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.
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 +
The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing the majority of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,<ref name="Hoffman"/> and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.
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 +
The 1508<ref>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] is internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.
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The third version from this period, the Vienna, is found at the end of a manuscript attributed to the workshop of [[Albrecht Dürer]]; like all of Dürer's fencing material, appears to be connected with the visit of Emperor Maximilian Ⅰ to Dürer's home city of Nuremberg in 1512.<ref name="Dornhoffer">[[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]. ''[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/fencing/albrecht.pdf Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch].'' Vienna: F. Tempsky, 1910.</ref> This manuscript contains only a disordered but complete rendering of the short sword gloss; this is strange because the manuscript also contains wrestling plays potentialy derived from the Glasgow Fechtbuch (which omits the short sword and includes the other two).
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The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, [[Paulus Hector Mair]] produced the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master [[Antonius Rast]].<ref>The origin of [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichstadt Nr. 82]] is detailed on [[page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 IIr.jpg|folio Ⅱr]].</ref> Included in this manuscript was a version of [[Nicolaüs]]' long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text.
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The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter [[Joachim Meÿer]] until his death in 1571.<ref>The only date, 1570, is given on [[page:MS Var.82 123r.png|folio 123]] (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See [[Joachim Meyer]]. ''The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570.'' Trans. [[Jeffrey L. Forgeng]]. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.</ref> It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).
  
The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is [[wikipedia:Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht I]], who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. However, it may just as easily have been [[wikipedia:Albert III, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht III]], who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.<ref>[[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> [[wikipedia:Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht IV]] claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.
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All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).
  
Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|MS Dresd.C.487]]. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete [[gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on unarmored [[longsword]] fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his [[armored fencing|armored]] and [[mounted fencing]], the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century<ref>Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.handschriftencensus.de/18797 "Dresden, Landesbibl., Mscr. C 487"]. ''Handschriftencensus. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der handschriftlichen Überlieferung deutschsprachiger Texte des Mittelalters.'' August, 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</ref> (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.
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Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.
  
While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by [[Joachim Meÿer]] in his [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|final manuscript]] (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 [[Hans Medel|Hans Medel von Salzburg]] took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.
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(A final text of interest is the treatise of [[Hans Medel|Hans Medel von Salzburg]], which was acquired by Mair in 1539<ref>Medel's section of the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.5]] is internally dated on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 21r.jpg|folio 21r]].</ref> and bound into the [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.5]] after 1566.<ref>The record of the [[Marxbrüder]] in the manuscript ends on [[page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 20r.jpg|folio 20r]] with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.</ref> Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including Nicolaüs and [[Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt]], but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
  
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = [[Bloßfechten]] Gloss
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  | title = Long Sword Gloss
  | width = 160em
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  | width = 180em
 
}}
 
}}
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
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{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
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! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Dresden)}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]] and [[Keith Farrell]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|A}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1563-71){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Augsberg (fragment) Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/> by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p><section end="credits1"/>
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! <p>Fragments<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]] and [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p><section end="credits1"/>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the interpretation of the record}}</p>
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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the interpretation of the Recital}}</p>
  
<p>In this, the knightly art of the long sword lay written; that Johannes Liechtenauer, who was a great master in the art, composed and created. By the grace of god he had let the record be written with obscure and disguised words, therefore the art shall not become common. And Master Sigmund ein Ringeck, fencing master to the highborn prince and noble Lord Albrecht, Pfalzgraf of Rhein and Herzog of Bavaria had these same obscure and disguised words glossed and interpreted as lay written and pictured<ref>The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.</ref> here in this little book, so that any one fencer that can otherwise fight may well go through and understand.</p>
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<p>In this, the knightly art of the long sword lies written, which Johannes Liechtenauer, who was a great master in the art, composed and created. By the grace of god he had let the Recital be written with obscure and disguised words, so that the art shall not become common. And so Master Sigmund ein Ringeck, at the selfsame<ref name="word-d">Word omitted from the Dresden.</ref> time known as<ref>"Known as" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> fencing master<ref>D. ''schirmaiste~'', R. ''schiermeister''.</ref> to the highborn prince and noble Lord Albrecht, Pfalzgraf<ref>Count Palatine</ref> of the Rhine and Herzog<ref>Duke</ref> of Bavaria, had these same obscure and disguised words of the Recital glossed and interpreted as lay written and pictured<ref>"and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> here in this little book, so that any one fencer who can otherwise fight properly may well go through and understand.</p>
 
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|  
 
{{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|010v|png|lbl=10v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011r.png|1|lbl=11r|p=1}}
 
{{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|010v|png|lbl=10v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011r.png|1|lbl=11r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The foreword of the record}}</p>
+
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The foreword of the Recital}}</p>
 
 
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>1</small><br/><br/><small>2</small><br/><br/><small>3</small><br/><br/><small>4</small><br/><br/><small>5</small><br/><br/><small>6</small><br/><br/><small>7</small><br/><br/><small>8</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Young knight, learn;<br/>&emsp;Love god; ever honor women<br/>Thus increase your honor.<br/>&emsp;Practice chivalry and learn<ref name="line omitted">Line is omitted from the Dresden.</ref><br/>Art that decorates you<br/>&emsp;[and] In combat exalts with honor<br/>Wrestle well, grappler<br/>&emsp;Lance, spear, sword and messer.<br/>Valiantly wield<br/>&emsp;and make useless in others' hands<ref name="line omitted"/><br/>Hew-down<ref>darhauen: To chop down, to fell</ref> hard therein.<br/>&emsp;Rush in, hit or let pass<br/>Thus the wise envy him,<br/>&emsp;For he seeks virtues.<br/>Hold yourself to this:<br/>&emsp;All art has reach and measure</p>
+
| <small>1</small>
 +
| Young knight, learn;<br/>&emsp;Loveth god; furthermore honor women
 +
|-
 +
| <small>2</small>
 +
| Thus cultivate your honor.<br/>&emsp;Practice chivalry and learn<ref name="line-d">Line omitted from the Dresden.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>3</small>
 +
| Art which decorates you [and]<br/>&emsp;In combat exalts with honor.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>4</small>
 +
| Wrestling's good fetters,<br/>&emsp;Lance, spear, sword, and Messer
 +
|-
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| Manfully put to good use<br/>&emsp;And make useless in other's hands.<ref name="line-d"/>
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| Hew therein, charge there;<br/>&emsp;Rush onwards, hit or let drive.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| Those maturing<ref>lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm</ref> in this wisdom<ref>alt: instruction</ref>,<br/>&emsp;This one sees praises.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>8</small>
 +
| Hold yourself to this:<br/>&emsp;All art has length and measure.
 
|}
 
|}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is the text of many good common lessons of the long sword}}</p>
 
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is the text of many good common lessons of the long sword}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>9</small><br/><br/><small>10</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>9</small>
| <p>If you wish to show art,<br/>&emsp;Take yourself left and right with cutting<br/>And left with right<br/>&emsp;Is what you strongly desire to fence</p>
+
| If you wish to examine the art,<br/>&emsp;Go left and right with hewing
 +
|-
 +
| <small>10</small>
 +
| And left with right<br/>&emsp;that is, if you desire to fence strongly.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Note the gloss.}} This is the first lesson of the long sword: That you shall learn to make<ref>lit: cut the cuts</ref> the cuts properly from both sides, that is, if you otherwise wish to fence strongly and correctly. Understand it thusly: When you wish to cut from the right side, so see that your right foot stands forward. If you then cut the over-cut from the right side, so follow-after the cut with the right foot. If you do not do that, then the cut is false and incorrect, because your right foot remains there behind. Therefore the cut is too short and may not reach its correct path below to the correct other side in front of the left foot.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is the first lesson of the long sword: That you shall learn to hew the hews properly from both sides, that is, if you otherwise wish to fence strongly and correctly. Understand it thusly: When you wish to hew from the right side, so see that your left foot stands forward. If you then hew the over-hew from the right side, so follow-after the hew with the right foot. If you do not do that, then the hew is false and incorrect, because your right foot remains there behind. Therefore the hew is too short and may not attain its correct path below to the correct other side in front of the left foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|012r|png|lbl=12r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|012r|png|lbl=12r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The same when you cut from the left side and [you] do not follow-after the cut with the left foot. Thus the cut is also false. Therefore note from whichever side you cut, that you follow-after with the same foot, so you may execute all your plays with strength and all other cuts shall be hewn thusly as well.</p>
+
| <p>[4] The same when you hew from the left side and [you] do not follow-after the hew with the left foot, thus the hew is also false. Therefore note, from whichever side you hew, that you follow-after with the same foot, so you may conduct all your plays with strength and all other hews shall be hewn thusly as well.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|1|lbl=13r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|1|lbl=13r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|Again, the text about a lesson}}</p>
+
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Again, the text about a lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>11</small><br/><br/><small>12</small><br/><br/><small>13</small><br/><br/><small>14</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>11</small>
| <p>Whoever goes after cuts,<br/>&emsp;They permit their art little joy<br/>Hew nearing whatever you wish<br/>&emsp;No change comes in your shield<br/>To the head, to the body<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the harassing-strikes<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick. R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites</ref><br/>With the entire body fence<br/>&emsp;Whatever you desire to execute strongly<ref>Possibly: `strongly desire to execute`</ref></p>
+
| Whoever chases after hews,<br/>&emsp;They allow themselves to hardly enjoy the art.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| Hew nearby, whatever you wish:<br/>&emsp;No change comes in your shield;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| To the head, to the body,<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the fleshwounds.<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick; R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| With the entire body fence<br/>&emsp;Whatever you desire to conduct strongly.<ref>Possibly "strongly desire to conduct".</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is<ref name="mdi-d">"Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when you come to him with the onset: you shall not focus nor wait upon his hew as he conducts it against you. Because all fencers who focus and wait upon another's hew and wish to do nothing else than displace, they permit such art little joy because they often become struck with it.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Always fight with the strength of the whole body! Cut close into him, to the head and to the body, so he cannot change-through in front of your point. And when the cut ends up in the bind you shall not hesitate but shall quickly and fluently make attacks against the nearest opening, using the five strikes and other techniques that will be described later.</p>
+
| <p>[6] Item. You shall<ref>"You shall" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> note that every thing which you wish to fence, conduct it with the entire strength of the body; and cleave him in with that nearby to the head and to the body, so he may not change-through in front of your point; and with that hew, in the binding of the swords you shall not omit the fleshwounds to the nearest opening (which will be delineated hereafter in the five hews and in other plays).</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another lesson.}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Again, a lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>15</small><br/><br/><small>16</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>15</small>
| <p>Hear what is bad,<br/>&emsp;do not fence from the left if you are right-handed,<br/>and if you are left-handed,<br/>&emsp;you are weak from the right.</p>
+
| Hear what is bad for that:<br/>&emsp;Do not fence from above left if you are right,
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| And if you are left,<br/>&emsp;In the right [you] are also severely hindered.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This lesson applies to two types of people: those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed. When you come against him in Zufechten, if you are right-handed and want to strike him, you must not throw your first cut from your left side. That is because this is weak and cannot bring strength to bear if he binds the strong of his blade against you. Therefore, cut from your right side, so you can be strong and skillful in the bind and can do as you will. Similarly, if you are left handed, do not cut from the right, because the art is pointless when a left-hander tries to fence from the right side. Likewise this statement applies to a right-hander fencing from the left side.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this lesson hits upon two people, one left and one right, and understand it thusly: When you come to him with the onset, if you then judge and decide to strike the opponent, then do not hew the first hew from the left side. Because it is weak and with that, may not hold against when one binds strongly upon it. Therefore hew [from] the right side, so you may work strongly with art (whatever you wish).</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|1|lbl=14v|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|1|lbl=14v|p=1}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|A lesson about "Before" and "After".}}</p>
+
| <p>[8] The same is if you are left. So likewise do not hew from the right side, because the art is quite awkward [when] a lefty conducts from the right side. It is also the same [of] a righty from the left side.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><small>17</small><br/><br/><small>18</small><br/><br/><small>19</small><br/><br/><small>20</small><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p>"Before" and "After", these two things,<br/>&emsp;all other skills spring from these.<br/>"Weak" and "Strong",<br/>&emsp;"Instantly", mark well these words.<br/>So you can learn<br/>&emsp;to work and to defend with skill.<br/>If you become gentle and timid,<br/>&emsp;you will never learn anything about fencing.</p>
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|1|lbl=15r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[7]</p>
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|This is the text and a lesson about before and after}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Mark also: "Before" means that you shall always perform a strike or thrust against his openings, before he does the same to you. Then he must defend against you! And work deftly both in the defence and in moving your sword from one opening to another, so he cannot have the chance to perform his own techniques between yours. But if he rushes in close to you, deal with him through wrestling.</p>
+
| <small>17</small>
 +
| Before and after, the two things<br/>&emsp;Are the one origin of all art.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| Weak and strong,<br/>&emsp;In-the-moment; with that mark the word.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| Thus, you may learn<br/>&emsp;To work and ward with art.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>20</small>
 +
| If you frighten easily,<br/>&emsp;Never learn any fencing.
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is that before anything, you shall understand the before and the after well, because these two things have one origin which gives rise the entire art of fencing. Understand it thusly: The before, this is so that you shall always come forth with a hew or with a thrust to his opening before the moment he comes with his [strike] to yours.<ref>Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".</ref> Thus he must displace you. Then work swiftly in the displacement in front of you with the sword from one opening to the other, so he may not come before your work with his plays. But if he runs-in to you, then come forth with the wrestling.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|1|lbl=15v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|1|lbl=15r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|1|lbl=15v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 195: Line 270:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Mark, that which is called "After".}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Here note that which is called the after}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, that if you cannot come in the "Before", wait for the "After". This will defeat all techniques that he does against you. When he comes at you so that you must defend yourself against him, so work deftly "in the Instant" with your defence against his nearest opening, so strike him before he can finish his technique. Thus you win the "Before" and he is left in the "After". You shall also know how you can use "the Instant" against his "weak" and "strong" parts of the sword.</p>
+
<p>Note, if you may not come in the before, then wait upon the after. These are the breaks of all plays which he conducts upon you. Understand it thusly: When he comes-before such that you must displace him, so swiftly work in-the-moment with the displacement to the nearest opening, so you hit him the moment before he accomplishes his play. Thus you have seized the before and he remains after.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|1|lbl=16r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|1|lbl=16r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[9]</p>
+
| <p>[11] You shall also note in the before and after how you shall work with the word "in-the-moment", according to the weak and according to the strong of his sword, and understand it thusly: The sword has its strength from the hilt of the sword up until the middle of the blade; with that you may resist<ref>''wiederhalten'': lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.</ref> when someone binds you thereupon. And farther, from the middle up until the point, has its weak which cannot resist. And when you understand these things properly, you may properly work with art, and with it protect yourself and furthermore teach princes and lords so that they may properly remain steadfast with the same art, in play and in earnest; but if you fear easily, you should not learn the art of fencing, because a fragile discouraged heart, it does no good when it becomes struck by any art.</p>
 
 
<p>From the hilt of the sword to the blade's centre the sword is "strong", and with this you can meet against his blade when you bind against it. And further, from the middle to the point the sword is "weak", which should not be brought against his blade. And when you really understand these things you can work skillfully and defend yourself well, and later teach princes and lords, so that they with these same skills can protect themselves well in play and earnest. But if you become frightened easily you should not learn fighting arts, because a weak and frightened heart—it does not help you—it defeats all of your skills.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
 
|   
 
|   
 
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|  
Line 219: Line 290:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Five cuts.}}</p>
+
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|This is the text of the five hews}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>21</small><br/><br/><small>22</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>21</small>
| <p>Learn five cuts from the right hand.<br/>&emsp;He who can defend himself with these,<br/>he should be praised,<br/>&emsp;his skill rewards him well.</p>
+
| Learn five hews<br/>&emsp;From the right hand against the defense.<ref>Alternately: weapons.</ref><ref>D. ''Wer dz wäre'': "Whoever defends these".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| We happily consign<ref>Alternately: avow, legally promise.</ref> them<br/>&emsp;To the rewards<ref>Possibly "wages".</ref> in the Arts.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-d"/> Note, the Recital sets down five obscure hews. Many masters of the sword do know nothing to say about this: that you should not learn to make other hews,<ref>Lit: "hew other hews".</ref> when from the right side, against those who arrange themselves against you in defense. And if you select one hew from the five hews, then one must hit with the first strike. Whoever can break that without their harm will be praised by the masters of the Recital, because his art shall be praised better than another fencer who cannot fence the five hews against it. (And how you shall hew the five hews, you find that written hereafter in the same five hews.<ref>"In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.</ref>)</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|017r|png|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017r.png|1|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007v.png|1|lbl=07v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007v.png|1|lbl=07v}}
Line 233: Line 307:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|The techniques of the markverses.}}</p>
+
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|This is the [text] of the plays of the Recital}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>23</small><br/><br/><small>24</small><br/><br/><small>25</small><br/><br/><small>26</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>23</small>
| <p>Wrath strike, crooked strike, crosswise, <br/>&emsp;squinting, with Parting <br/>breaking the Fool, <br/>&emsp;follow after, go over, <br/>cut, change through, twitch,<br/>&emsp;rush in, slice, press the hands,<br/>hanging guard, and with openings,<br/>&emsp;strike, catch, sweep and thrust with the point.</p>
+
| Wrath-hew, crooked, thwart<br/>&emsp;Has squinter with parter
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| Fool displaces<br/>&emsp;Following-after, run-over
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| Set the hew, change-through, yank<br/>&emsp;Run-through, cut-off, press the hands
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| Hang and with openings<br/>&emsp;Strike, catch, sweep, thrust with blows.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, here the proper principal-plays of the art of the long sword are named, as all are specifically titled with their names so that you can better understand them. They are seventeen in number, and it begins with the five hews.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|1|lbl=18r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|1|lbl=18r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The first cut is called the wrath strike,<br/>the second is the crooked strike,<br/>the third is the crosswise strike,<br/>the fourth is the squinting strike,<br/>the fifth is the parting strike,<br/>the sixth: these are the four guards,<br/>the seventh is the four displacements,<br/>the eighth is travelling after,<br/>the ninth is the over reaching,<br/>the tenth is the setting aside,<br/>the eleventh is changing through,<br/>the twelfth is the twitching,<br/>the thirteenth is the running through,<br/>the fourteenth is the cutting],<br/>the fifteenth is the hand pressing,<br/>the sixteenth is the hanging,<br/>the seventeenth: this is the windings.</p>
+
| <p>[14] Item. Now note the first hew called the wrath-hew<br/>The second the crooked-hew<br/>The third the thwart-hew<br/>The fourth the squint-hew<br/>The fifth the scalp-hew<br/>The sixth they are the four guards<br/>The seventh the four displacements<br/>The eighth the following-after<br/>The ninth the running-over<br/>The tenth the setting-aside<br/>The eleventh the changing-through<br/>The twelfth the yanking<br/>The thirteenth the running-through<br/>The fourteenth the cutting-off<br/>The fifteenth the hand-pressing<br/>The sixteenth the hanging<br/>The seventeenth they are the windings</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|1|lbl=18v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|1|lbl=18v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| And how you will perform the hanging and windings, and how you shall perform all these named techniques, all this you will find written hereafter.
+
| <p>[15] And how you shall uncover with the hanging and winding, and how you shall conduct all the forenamed plays, you find that entirely written hereafter.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Do the Zornhau with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-1"/><p>[16] {{red|b=1|This is the wrath-hew with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>27</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>That which cuts from above,<br/>the Zornhau threatens him with the point.</p>
+
| <small>27</small>
 +
| Whoever hews over<ref>''ober'' is an adjective, ''oben'' is an adverb.</ref> you,<br/>&emsp;The wrath-hew point threatens him.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Understand it thusly: When one cleaves-in above from his right side, so also cleave-in a wrath-hew with him, with the long edge strongly from your<ref>R. "the".</ref> right shoulder. If he is then soft upon the sword, so shoot-in the point forward long to his face and threaten to stab him (as stands done hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d">Clause omitted from the Dresden.</ref></p><section end="wrath-1"/>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|1|lbl=19r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|1|lbl=19r}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>[17] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>28</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>If he recognises this,<br/>so lift off above without danger.</p>
+
| <small>28</small>
 +
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;So take-off above without driving.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is<ref name="di-d">"This is" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when you shoot-in the point with the wrath-hew (as stands done before next to this):<ref name="clause-d"/> if he then becomes aware of the point and displaces the thrust with strength, so back-off<ref>''abrucken'': "''removere''" (remove), "''absetzen''" (offset).</ref> your sword up above from his and cleave-in again above to the other side on his sword to his head (as stands done here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p><section end="wrath-2"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>[18] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>29</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Become stronger against<br/>:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</p>
+
| <small>29</small>
 +
| Be stronger back<br/>&emsp;And thrust. If he sees it, take it down<ref>D. ''wider''[sic]: "again".</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is<ref name="mdi-d"/> when you cleave-in with the wrath-hew (as stands done before next to this):<ref name="clause-d"/> if he displaces it, and with that remains strongly upon the sword, so be strong back against him upon the sword, and drive up with the strong of your sword into the weak of his sword, and wind your hilt forward in front of your head upon the sword, and so thrust him high to the face (as stands pictured here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p><section end="wrath-3"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-4"/><p>[19] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-hew}}</p>
  
<p>When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.</p>
+
<p>When you thrust-in high with the winding (as stands pictured<ref name="word-d"/> before), if he then goes up with the hands and displaces the high thrust with the hilt, so also remain standing in the winding and set the point down between his arms and the chest (as stands pictured here below).<ref name="clause-d"/></p><section end="wrath-4"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|1|lbl=20v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|1|lbl=20v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|A counter to the taking-away.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-5"/><p>[20] {{red|b=1|A break against the taking-off}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind strongly against him and he twitches away his sword up and over your sword and in the bind cuts against you on the other side of your sword to your head, so bind (strike) strongly with the long edge in against his head.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind with someone strongly on his<ref name="the-d">D. "the".</ref> sword, if he then draws his sword from your sword up above and cleaves-in again on the sword above to the other side toward your head, so wind-in<ref>D. ''bind'': "bind-in".</ref> strongly with the long edge high to his head.</p><section end="wrath-5"/>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|A good lesson.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-6"/><p>[21] {{red|b=1|Here note a good lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>30</small><br/><br/><small>31</small><br/><br/><small>32</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Note to train this:<br/>cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.<br/>"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.<br/>Do not seek close combat prematurely.<br/>Those who aim for close combat<br/>before they are ready, are cut down.</p>
+
| <small>30</small>
 +
| Note this precisely:<br/>&emsp;Cut, thrust, leaguer; soft or hard,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| In-the-moment<ref>R. ''Jun ger'' [sic].</ref> and drive-after[sic]<br/>&emsp;Without hurry. Do not rush your war:<ref>R. ''dem krieg'': "the war".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| Whoever's war aims<br/>&emsp;Above, they become ashamed below.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is what you shall quite precisely note: when one binds on your sword (with a hew or with a thrust or otherwise), [note] whether he is soft or hard upon the sword. And when you have sensed this, so you shall know in-the-moment which is the best for you: whether you work<ref>D. ''hurten'': "to rush".</ref> upon him with the before or with the after. But with that you shall allow yourself to be without hurry [and] not too rushed with the war, because the war is nothing other than the windings upon the sword.</p><section end="wrath-6"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021r.png|1|lbl=21r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|1|lbl=21v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021r.png|1|lbl=21r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|1|lbl=21v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-7"/><p>[22] Item. Deploy the war thusly: When you cleave-in with the wrath-hew, then as soon as he displaces, drive up with the arms and wind-in the point upon the sword to the upper opening. If he then displaces the thrust, so keep staying in the winding and stab the low opening with the point. If he then further follows-after the sword with the displacements, then drive-through with the point below his sword and hang-in the point above to the other opening of his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed above and below, because you can otherwise conduct the techniques correctly.</p><section end="wrath-7"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|1|lbl=22r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|1|lbl=22r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-8"/><p>[23] {{red|b=1|How one shall properly find hews and thrusts in all winding}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>33</small><br/><br/><small>34</small><br/><br/><small>35</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>In all windings<br/>learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.<br/>You shall also test<br/>with cut, thrust or slice,<br/>in all fights<br/>if you want to beat the masters.</p>
+
| <small>33</small>
 +
| In all winding,<br/>&emsp;Learn to properly find hew, thrust.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| You shall also, with<br/>&emsp;Testing, hew, thrust, or cut
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| In all hits<br/>&emsp;If you wish to confound the masters.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall properly find hew, thrust, and cut in all winding: so when you wind, you shall immediately test which of the three is best to conduct: the hew, or thrust, or cut.<ref>"The hew, or thrust, or cut" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Thus, you do not hew when you should thrust, nor cut when you should hew, nor thrust when you should cut.<ref>"Nor thrust… cut" omitted from the Rostock.</ref><includeonly></p></includeonly><section end="wrath-8"/> <section begin="wrath-9"/><includeonly><p></includeonly>And note, when someone displaces the one, that you hit them with the other. So if one displaces your thrust, then conduct the hew. If someone runs-in, then conduct the under-cut into their arm.<ref name="sentence-r">Sentence omitted from the Rostock.</ref> Remember this<ref name="word-d"/> in all hits and bindings of the sword, if you wish to confound the masters who set themselves against you.</p><section end="wrath-9"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=22v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=22v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|The four openings.}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-10"/><p>[24] {{red|b=1|About the four openings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>36</small><br/><br/><small>37</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn four openings,<br/>aim to strike these with safety,<br/>without any risk,<br/>without doubt about what he can do.</p>
+
| <small>36</small>
 +
| Know to target the four openings;<br/>&emsp;Thus you strike wisely.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| Go upon all<br/>&emsp;Without doubt how he bares.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. You shall here note the four openings on the man which you shall always fence to. The first opening is the right side; the second is<ref name="word-r">Word omitted from the Rostock.</ref> the left side<ref name="word-r"/> above the girdle of the man. The other two are also the right and the left sides below the girdle.<section end="wrath-10"/> <section begin="wrath-11"/>In the onset, precisely observe the openings with which he uncovers himself against you. Artfully target the same without danger with the shooting-in of the long point and<ref name="word-dr">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref> with following-after, and also with the winding upon the sword,<ref name="clause-d"/> and otherwise with all techniques, and do not pay attention<ref>Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.</ref> to how he bares against you with his techniques. So you fence wisely and from that make attacks which are excellent, and with those do not allow him to come to his plays.</p><section end="wrath-11"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
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|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|1|lbl=09v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|1|lbl=09v|p=1}}
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<br/><br/><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 017r.jpg|3|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 017v.jpg|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], ff 17rv</ref>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|The text and the gloss about the doubling and about the mutating: how they break the four openings.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>38</small><br/><br/><small>39</small><br/><br/><small>40</small><br/><br/><small>41</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>If you would like to find revenge,<br/>skillfully break up the four openings:<br/>double over,<br/>mutate below correctly.<br/>Certainly I say this:<br/>no master defends himself without risk.<br/>If you have understood this,<br/>he can hardly come to blows.</p>
+
| <small>38</small>
 +
| If you wish to reckon yourself,<ref>Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.</ref><br/>&emsp;Artfully break the four openings:
 +
|-
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| Double above,<br/>&emsp;Mutate right<ref>Alternately: straight, upright, properly.</ref> below.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>40</small>
 +
| I say to you truthfully:<br/>&emsp;No master defends themselves without danger.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>41</small>
 +
| If you have understood this properly,<br/>&emsp;He may hardly come to blows.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you wish to reckon yourself upon another such that you wish to break the four openings with art: so conduct the doubling to the upper openings against the strong of his sword, and the mutating to the other opening. Thus I say to you truthfully that he cannot defend<ref>D. ''schüczen'', R. ''behuetẽ''.</ref> himself from that, and may neither come to strikes nor to thrusts.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=23v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=23v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Doubling.}}</p>
+
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|The doubling}}</p>
  
<p>When you cut in with a Zornhau or another Oberhau and he defends himself strongly, so "Instantly" thrust your pommel in under your right arm with your left hand, and cut him in the bind over the face with crossed hands, between the sword and the man. Or cut him with the sword in the head.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-r"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you cleave-in with the wrath-hew (or otherwise high), if he displaces you with strength, then in-the-moment shove<ref>Rostock hews off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.</ref> your sword's pommel under your right arm with the left hand, and strike him through the maw, with crossed hands, upon the sword behind his sword's blade (between the sword and the man); or strike him with the play<ref>Alternately: part, piece.</ref> upon the head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 406: Line 524:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Mutating.}}</p>
+
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Note the mutating}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or something similar, so wind the short edge against his sword and go up in an orderly fashion with the arms; and hang your sword blade over his sword on the outside and thrust into him through the lower openings. This can be done on both sides.</p>
+
<p>Deploy the mutating thusly: When you bind him with the over-hew (or otherwise on the sword), then wind the short edge upon his sword and drive well up with the arms, and wind your sword's blade outside above his sword and thrust him to the low openings, and this conducts to both sides.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 418: Line 536:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Do the Krumphau (crooked strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The crooked-hew with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>42</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Strike the Krumphau deftly,<br/>cast the point towards the hands.</p>
+
| <small>42</small>
 +
| Crook on<ref>''aufkrummen'': Lat. ''sursum torquere'', twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .</ref> swiftly,<br/>&emsp;Throw the point upon the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-s">Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> This is how you shall hew crooked to the hands, and conduct the play thusly: When he hews from your<ref>Likely a scribal error and should be "his".</ref> right side to the opening<ref>"The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with over- or under-hews,<ref>S. "the over- or under-hew".</ref> spring away from the hew with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him<ref>Possibly "it".</ref> with crossed<ref>S. ''vß gestreckten'': "outstretched".</ref> arms with the point<ref name="word-s"/> upon his<ref name="the-d"/> hands. And also conduct this play against him when he stands against you in the guard of the oxen.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the [[Lew]] gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
Line 432: Line 551:
 
<p><br/><br/></p>
 
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 018v.jpg|3|lbl=18v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 019r.jpg|1|lbl=19r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 018v.jpg|3|lbl=18v|p=1}}<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], ff 18v</ref>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>43</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who uses the Krumphau well<br/>with a step, he is able to defend against cuts.</p>
+
| <small>43</small>
 +
| Crook whoever sets well<br/>&emsp;With stepping, he sunders many hews.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall offset the over-hew with the crooked-hew; conduct the play thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side to the opening, so step with the right foot to his left side [and fall]<ref>This phrase has no verb, likely due to scribal error; it has been completed based on the version in the treatise of [[Hans Medel]].</ref> over his sword, with the point upon the earth in the barrier-guard. Deploy this to both sides. You may also strike him to the head from the setting-aside.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
Line 450: Line 570:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>44</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Cut crookedly against the flat side<br/>of the masters, if you want to weaken them.</p>
+
| <small>44</small>
 +
| Hew crooked to the flats of<br/>&emsp;The masters if you wish to weaken them.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you want to weak a master, use this technique: when he cuts in against you from above from his right side, strike crookedly with crossed hands against his cut above the sword.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you wish to weaken a master, so conduct the play thusly: When he cleaves-in from his right side, so hew crooked with crossed hands against his hew onto his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 463: Line 584:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>45</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>When it comes from above<br/>stand back, this I shall praise.</p>
+
| <small>45</small>
 +
| When it sparks above<br/>&emsp;So stand aside, that I will laud.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you hew onto his sword with the crooked-hew: so strike-in again quickly with the short edge up-over from the sword to his head, or with the crooked-hew wind the short edge upon his sword and thrust him to the chest.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
Line 474: Line 596:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
 +
<section begin="Kurtzhauw"/>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>46</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Do not Krump, cut short,<br/>then see changing-through.</p>
+
| <small>46</small>
 +
| Do not crooked[-hew]; short-hew,<br/>&emsp;With that seek the changing-through.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in from his right shoulder, pretend that you want to bind against his sword with a Krumphau. Cut short; and go through with the point under his sword and wind your hilt to your right side over your head, and stab him in the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when he wishes to cleave-in above from his right shoulder:<ref>Rostock begins again at this point.</ref> so you act as if you will bind onto his sword with the crooked-hew, and [then] short-hew<ref>"Cut" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and drive-through under his sword with the point, and wind your hilt to your right side above your head and thrust him to the face (as stands pictured here), and this play breaks it.<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 494: Line 619:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|How one should counter the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Again<ref>S. "Item".</ref> a break against the crooked-hew}}<ref name="Note on 32-35">Paragraphs 33 and 35 are substantially similar and are likely based on the same original text. However, they contain significant differences in the beginning of the device and it is unclear which represents the original version; the version found in Rostock and Salzburg seems to refer to the technique in 32, whereas the Dresden refers to 34 (not found in the others). In this compilation, the two versions are displayed separately, first that of the Rostock and Salzburg (34) and then that of the Dresden (35).</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Note, when<ref>S. "if".</ref> you shoot-in the point under his sword into his chest (as written before and stands pictured), if he then presses your sword downwards to the earth with the crooked-hew, then wind against your<ref>S. "his".</ref> right side and drive well up over your<ref>S. "the".</ref> head with the arms, and set the point above onto his chest (as is pictured hereafter). If he displaces that, then remain standing thusly with the hilt before the head and work swiftly with the point from one opening to the other. This is called the noble<ref name="word-s"/> war. With that, you<ref name="word-s"/> confound him so completely that he does not know where he shall remain before you.<ref>S. "where he shall guard himself".</ref></p>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 020v.jpg|2|lbl=20v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021r.jpg|1|lbl=21r|p=1}}<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], ff 20v-21r</ref>
 +
<section end="Kurtzhauw"/>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Note how one shall break the crooked-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>47</small><br/><br/><small>48</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Krumps that foil you;<br/>the Noble War confuses him,<br/>so that he truthfully<br/>does not know where he shall be without danger.</p>
+
| <small>47</small>
 +
| Whoever foils you crooked,<br/>&emsp;The noble war confounds them
 +
|-
 +
| <small>48</small>
 +
| That they do not truthfully know<br/>&emsp;Where they are without danger.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut against him from above or from below, from your right side; if he also cuts crookedly from him right side with crossed arms to your sword and thus foils your strike, so bind strongly with your sword. And shoot your point against his breast under the long edge of his sword.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you begin to hew him from your right side, above or below: if he then also hews crooked onto your sword from his right side with crossed arms, and with that deflects your hew, so remain with the your sword strongly upon his and shoot-in the point long under his sword to the chest.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 509: Line 649:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|Another counter against the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[35] {{red|b=1|Another break above the crooked-hew}}<ref name="Note on 32-35"/></p>
  
<p>When you cut in against him from above from your right side and he also cuts crookedly from his right side with crossed arms onto your sword and thus presses it down towards the ground, wind towards your right side; go with your arms up over your head. And thrust with your point from above against his breast. {{red|Glosa}} If he defends himself against this, stand with your hilt in front of your head, and work deftly with the point from one opening to the other, this is called "the Noble War." With this you will confuse him so totally that truthfully he will not know where he will find himself.</p>
+
<p>Note when you cleave-in above from your right side, if he also then comes upon your sword from his right side with crossed arms, and with that presses that downwards against the earth, then wind against your right side and drive well up over your head with the arms, and set your point above onto his chest.<ref>D. has the word "{{red|b=1|Gloss}}" here; this appears to be a scribal error, as it corresponds to the position of the phrase "as is pictured here-after" in the Rostock, and all instances of that phrase were removed by the scribe of the Dresden.</ref> If he displaces that, then remain standing thusly with the hilt before your head and work swiftly with the point from one opening to the other. This is called the noble war. With that, you confound him so completely that he does not know where he shall remain before you with certainty.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=27r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=27r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 020v.jpg|2|lbl=20v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021r.jpg|1|lbl=21r|p=1}}<!--
+
| <!--
 
           --><section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
           --><section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Do the Zwerchau (crosswise strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The thwart-hew with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>49</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The Zwerchau takes away<br/>that which comes from above.</p>
+
| <small>49</small>
 +
| The thwart takes away<br/>&emsp;Whatever approaches from-the-roof.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the thwart-hew breaks all hews which are hewn from above down; conduct the hew thusly: Stand with the left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder, and<ref>"Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when he cleaves-in [an] over[-hew] to your head, so spring well<ref name="word-d"/> with the right foot against him from the hew to his left side, and in the springing turn your sword with the hilt high in front of your head, such that your thumb comes under, and strike him with the short edge to his left side such that you catch his hew in your hilt, and hit him in the head (as is pictured here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
Line 536: Line 676:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|A technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|A play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>50</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Zwerch with the "strong";<br/>mark well your work with this.</p>
+
| <small>50</small>
 +
| Thwart with the strong<br/>&emsp;With that note the work.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall work with the strong from the thwart, and do it thusly: When you begin to hew him with the thwart, so remember that you wind<ref>D. "thwart".</ref> strongly with the strong of your sword upon his. If he then holds strong against,<ref name="wiederhalten">Alternately, ''wiederhalten'': to struggle or resist.</ref> so strike to the head with crossed arms, upon the sword behind his sword's edge (as is done here),<ref name="clause-d"/> or cut him with the play through the maw.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=27v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=27v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
Line 550: Line 691:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[35] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword from the Zwerchau with your sword's "Strong"; hold him strongly, then push his sword away from you with your hilt, down and out to your right side, and strike immediately round with the Zwerchau against his right side, against the head.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind out of the thwart with the strong of your sword upon his sword, if he then holds strongly against [it],<ref name="wiederhalten"/> so shove his sword from you downward to your right side with your hilt (as is pictured here),<ref name="clause-d"/> and strike back-around quickly with the thwart against his right side to his head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 561: Line 702:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword with the Zwerchau, if he is weak in the bind, so lay the short edge against the right side of his neck and spring with the right foot behind his left; and pull him over it with the sword.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then Soft upon the sword, so lay the short edge to his right side upon the neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and back him over that with the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 571: Line 712:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|Another technique}}</p>
+
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|Another play}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword with the Zwerchau, if he is weak in the bind, so press down on his sword with the Zwerchau; and lay the short edge behind his arms in front of his neck.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then Soft upon the sword, so press his sword down with the thwart and lay the short edge afore behind his arms on his neck.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
Line 582: Line 723:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
|  
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|A counter against the upper Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>Item. If he takes you by the neck from the right side, then drop your left hand from your sword and Press his sword from your neck with your right and step across with your left foot to his right side in front of his feet and enter with your left arm above both of his arms near the hilt and direct him to dance or stab him below between the legs to the maker.</p>
 +
|
 +
|  
 +
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|2|lbl=22v}}
  
<p>When you bind against his sword from the right side with an Oberhau or similar attack, if he strikes round with the Zwerchau against your other side, do the same back to him, throw a Zwerchau under his sword against his neck.</p>
+
|-
 +
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|300px|center]]
 +
| <p>[41] {{red|b=1|Here note the break against the upper thwart-hew}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Item.<ref name="word-grs">Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.</ref> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you bind him from your right side with an over-hew (or otherwise<ref>"Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on his sword), if he then strikes-around with the thwart to the other side, so come forward as well with the thwart-hew<ref>"-Cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.</ref> under his sword on his neck (as stands pictured hereafter next to this),<ref>Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.</ref> such that he strikes himself the same with your sword.<ref name="clause-dr">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001r|jpg|lbl=01r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001r|jpg|lbl=01r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|2|lbl=21v}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|2|lbl=21v|p=1}}<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], f 21v</ref>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Here mark the breaking of the lower Cross Strikes}}</p>
+
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Here note the break against the low thwart-strike}}</p>
  
<p>Mark if you bind at his sword from your right side and he strikes out of the binding across to the other opening of your right side, so stay with your hilt-guard over your head and reverse your sword's blade downwards at his strike, and thrust at his lower opening, as painted here next.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind<ref>R. "wind".</ref> [against] him on his sword with the over-hew<ref>"With the over-hew" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> from your right side, if he then strikes-around from the sword with the thwart to the other<ref>R. ''unternn'': "lower".</ref> opening of your right side, so remain with your hilt above your head and turn your sword's edge downward against his hew and thrust him to the lower opening (as stands pictured hereafter next to<ref>"Next to" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> this).</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
Line 602: Line 752:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|How one shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: How one shall strike with the thwart to the four openings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>51</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Zwerch against the plough,<br/>and strike powerfully against the ox.</p>
+
| <small>51</small>
 +
| Thwart to the plow,<br/>&emsp;Join hard to the oxen.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how one shall strike going-to with the thwart to all<ref name="the-d"/> four openings; understand it thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so note when it is just right, so spring towards him and strike him with the thwart to the lower opening of his left side (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> This is called "striking to the plow".</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
Line 616: Line 767:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[41] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-hew}}</p>
  
<p>When you have cut against the lower opening with the Zwerchau, so strike immediately with the Zwerchau against the other side upwards into the head. This is called "to strike against the ox". And continue to strike quickly a Zwerchau against the ochs and another against the plough, crosswise from one side to the other. And cut him after with an Oberhau in against the head and thus draw yourself back from him.</p>
+
<p>Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you have struck with the thwart to the lower opening (as stands pictured before next to this),<ref name="clause-d"/> so quickly strike up above with the thwart to the other side to his head. This is called "striking to the oxen". And then furthermore swiftly strike<ref>Glasgow adds ''albeg'': "always, continually".</ref> a thwart-strike to the oxen and the another to the plow crosswise from one side to the other, and with that cleave-in an over-hew above to the head, and with that withdraw yourself.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|002v|jpg|lbl=02v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|002v|jpg|lbl=02v}}
Line 627: Line 778:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the teaching thereof.}}</p>
+
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|This is the text and a teaching thereof}}<ref name="line-d"/></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>52</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who Zwerches well<br/>with a spring, threatens the head.</p>
+
| <small>52</small>
 +
| Whoever thwarts themselves well<br/>&emsp;With springing threatens the head.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>That is to say, that in all of your Zwerchau strikes you shall take a proper spring out to the side where you want to strike him. So you can strike him well in the head. And see to it in the spring that you are properly protected from above with your hilt above and in front of your head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall properly spring-out to the side of him with each and every thwart-strike, so that if you wish to strike him you may hit well to his<ref name="the-d"/> head, and be aware that you are fully covered above in the spring<ref name="word-d"/> with your hilt in front of your head.</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
  
Line 641: Line 793:
 
           --><section end="Twerhaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/>
 
           --><section end="Twerhaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|A further technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the feint (Feler).}}</p>
+
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the thwart-hew, and is called the failer}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>53</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who does a good feint,<br/>strikes from below how he wishes.</p>
+
| <small>53</small>
 +
| Whoever directs the failer well<br/>&emsp;From below, he hits<ref>Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).</ref> according to desire.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is<ref name="di-gr">"This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> with the failer all fencers who willingly displace become mislead and struck. Deploy the play thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so act as if you will strike<ref>"Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with a free over-hew<ref>G. ''twerhaw'': "thwart-hew".</ref> to his left side to the head, and steal-away<ref>R. "wind".</ref> your sword with the hew and strike him with the thwart to the lower opening of his right side or left<ref>"Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref>Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Thus is he contacted and struck below according to [your] desire.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=30r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=30r|p=1}}
Line 656: Line 809:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the turner (Verkehrer).}}</p>
+
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the thwart-hew, and this is called the inverter}}<ref>Alternately: to turn around.</ref></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>54</small><br/><br/><small>55</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The turner subdues,<br/>runs through and grapples.<br/>Take the elbow certainly,<br/>spring against him in the movement.</p>
+
| <small>54</small>
 +
| The Inverter overwhelms,<br/>&emsp;Running-through with wrestling as well;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>55</small>
 +
| The elbow wisely take<br/>&emsp;Spring to him in the scales.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or Underhau, turn your sword so that your thumb comes underneath, and thrust him down from above into the face. In this way you force him to defend himself. And in the defence, grip his right elbow with your left hand and spring with your left foot in front of his right, and stab him over it. Or use the turner to rush through and grapple, in the same way that you will be told for running through.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, you shall also conduct the play when you bind on his sword with an under- or over-hew. So invert your sword such that your thumb comes-under and thrust him above to the face. So you overwhelm him such that he must displace, and in the displacement, seize his right elbow with your left hand and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and shove him over (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> Or run-through with the inverter and wrestle, as you will find written<ref name="word-d"/> hereafter in the running-through.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004r|jpg|lbl=04r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004r|jpg|lbl=04r}}
Line 669: Line 826:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the feint.}}</p>
+
| <p>[48] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a failer}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>56</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Feint twofold,<br/>strike him, thus do the cut.</p>
+
| <small>56</small>
 +
| Fail twice;<br/>&emsp;If one hits then make the cut with [it].
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is called the double feint, because in the Zufechten you shall be misleading two times. Do the first like this: when you come against him in Zufechten, take a spring with the foot against him and pretend that you will cut with a Zwerchau against the left side of his head. And change the direction of the cut, to the right side of his head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is called the double failer for the reason that one shall conduct a double misleading in one onset. Deploy the first thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so spring with the right<ref name="word-d"/> foot against him and act as if you will strike with a thwart-strike to his left side to his head, and [then] steal-away the strike and strike in<ref>"And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> to his right side onto his head (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=30v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=30v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004v|jpg|lbl=04v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004v|jpg|lbl=04v}}
Line 682: Line 840:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the feint.}}</p>
+
| <p>[49] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the failer}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>57</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Continue doubly with this,<br/>step to the left and do not be slow.</p>
+
| <small>57</small>
 +
| Double it further;<br/>&emsp;Stride-in left and be not lazy.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say, when you have struck to the right side of his head with the first misleading—about which has just been written—so strike immediately round to the other side of the head, and go with the short edge with outstretched crossed arms over his sword: and "Imlincke", that is to say on the left side, and cut in with the long edge over the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you have struck the first misleading to his right side to his head (as stands<ref>D. "is".</ref> pictured before<ref name="word-d"/> next to this): so with that take the cut under his arms<ref name="clause-d"/> and strike quickly back-around to the left<ref name="right-d">D. "right".</ref> side to his head, and drive over his sword with the short edge from<ref>D. ''mit auß'': "with from".</ref> crossed arms, and spring left (that is, to your left side), and cut him with the long edge through the maw (as is there pictured).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
Line 696: Line 855:
 
           --><section end="Fehler"/><section begin="Schilhaw"/>
 
           --><section end="Fehler"/><section begin="Schilhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|Do the Schielhau (squinting strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[50] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the squint-hew and of the plays: How a man shall conduct them}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>58</small><br/><br/><small>59</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The Schielhau counters<br/>that which a buffalo cuts or thrusts.<br/>That which threatens with changing<br/>is robbed by the Schielhau.</p>
+
| <small>58</small>
 +
| The Squinter breaks-in<ref>As a thief would break into a house.</ref><br/>&emsp;Whatever the buffalo strikes or thrusts.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>59</small>
 +
| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;The squinter robs him of it.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Schielhau is a strike which counters cuts and thrusts from the buffalos—those who take their mastery through violent strength. Do the strike like this: when he cuts in against you from his right side, you should also cut from your right side with the short edge with the arms outstretched against his cut, against the "weak" of his sword and cut him on his right shoulder. If he changes through, shoot in with the cut, long edge against the breast. And you can also strike this, when he stands against you in the Plough guard [Pflug] or when he wants to thrust into you from below.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note here<ref name="word-gr">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> that the squinter is a hew which breaks-in<ref>Word is doubled in the Glasgow.</ref> the hews and thrusts of the buffalo ([one] who acquires<ref>''annehmen'': receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.</ref> victory with power), and<ref name="word-r"/> conduct the hew thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side, so hew from your right against his hew into the weak of his sword,<ref>"Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock</ref> with the short edge [and] with upright<ref>"Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives ''auff gerackten'', which may be a misspelling of pPvD's ''aus gestrackten'', "out-stretched".</ref> arms, and strike him upon his right shoulder;<ref>"With upright arms… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> so you strike and displace with each other and hit him with the hew<ref name="clause-dg">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref>R. "pictured here".</ref><ref name="clause-d"/> If he changes-through, shoot with the hew long into his chest and<ref name="word-g">Word omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> also hew when he stands against you in the guard of the plow or when he will thrust you from below.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
Line 710: Line 873:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 006r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 006r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[48] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Schielhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[50] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the squinter}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>60</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Strike the Schielhau when he closes with you,<br/>change through, against his face.</p>
+
| <small>60</small>
 +
| Squint if he shortens upon you<br/>&emsp;Changing-through defeats him.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is a lesson: you shall search with the look and notice carefully, if he fights close to you. This you shall mark when he cuts against you and his arm does not stretch out in the cut, so you will strike too. And in the strike go with the point under his blade to the other side, and thrust in against the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is a lesson that you<ref name="word-d"/> shall squint with the visage and quite precisely see whether he fences short against you, because with that, [you] shall recognize when he begins to hew you and his arms do not extend long with the hew. So hew as well, and in the hew drive-through with the point under his sword, and wind your hilt to your right side above your head,<ref name="clause-d"/> and thrust him to the face (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|1|lbl=32r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|1|lbl=32r|p=1}}
Line 724: Line 888:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|Item}}. All fencers, they who fence short from the oxen, from the plow, and with all windings before the opponent: freely change-through [against] them out of hews and out of thrusts with the long-point. With that, you plant<ref>S. ''bestetigstu'': "to plant".</ref> it upon the sword so that they must allow you to come to the binding-on<ref>G. ''abent'': "evening", clearly an error; Medel: ''anwinden'': "winding-upon".</ref> and be struck.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 731: Line 895:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 006v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 006v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[49] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Schielhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the squint-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>61</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Search with the point<br/>and take his neck without fear.</p>
+
| <small>61</small>
 +
| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well; to strike the Schielhau breaks the long point; and then do this: when he stands against you and holds the point with outstretched arms towards the face or chest, so stand with the left foot forward and search with the gaze against the point, and pretend as if you want to strike against the point; and strike powerfully with the short edge above his sword, and thrust with the point along with the blade against the neck with a step towards him with the right foot.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>with a deceit of the visage</sup> and conduct it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the visage to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to hew to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and hew strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a tread-in of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
Line 745: Line 910:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 007r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 007r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[50] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Schielhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[53] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the squint-hew}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>62</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Search against the head above<br/>if you want to damage the hands.</p>
+
| <small>62</small>
 +
| Squint to the top of the<br/>&emsp;Head if you wish to ruin the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in against you from above, so search with the gaze as if you want to hit him above the head. And strike with the short edge against his cut, and strike along his blade with the point onto the hands.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref>S. "You may also do this".</ref> when he wishes<ref name="word-s"/> to cleave-in to you a free over-hew<ref>"A free over-hew" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> from above, so squint with the visage<ref>"With the visage" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> to his head<ref>"To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> (as if you wish to strike thereon<ref>D., G. "the head".</ref>), and then hew with the short edge against his hew, and strike him upon his sword's blade, with the point down<ref name="word-dg"/> on the hands (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=32v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=32v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007r|jpg|lbl=07r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007r|jpg|lbl=07r}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <!--
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 027r.jpg|2|lbl=27r}}<!--
 
           --><section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
           --><section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 007v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 007v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|Do the Scheitelhau (the parting strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the parter, and about the plays thereof}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>63</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The parter<br/>is a danger for the face.</p>
+
| <small>63</small>
 +
| The Parter<br/>&emsp;Is a danger to the face.<ref>R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.</ref><br/><br/><br/>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>The parter is dangerous for the face and the breast. When he stands against you in the fool's guard [Alber], cut with the long edge from the "long parting" from above and down; and keep the arms high in the cut, and hang with the point in against the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-d"/> Here<ref name="word-gr"/> note the parter is really<ref name="word-d"/> dangerous to the face and to the chest;<ref name="sentence-r"/> conduct it<ref>R. ''denn Schaytler'': "the parter".</ref> thusly: When he stands against you in the guard [of] the<ref name="word-d"/> fool,<ref name="clause-r">Clause omitted from the Rostock.</ref> hew above with the long edge, down from your<ref>D. ''der lange'': "long, high, tall, or lofty".</ref> part to his head,<ref>"To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> and with the hew remain high with the arms and if he displaces,<ref>"If he displaces" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> so hang-in<ref>''einhangen'': to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.</ref> to him with<ref name="word-gr"/> the point, with the long edge above his hilt, and thrust him<ref>"With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> to the face (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007v|jpg|lbl=07v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|007v|jpg|lbl=07v}}
|
 
|
 
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the parter}}</p>
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|A technique from the parter.}}</p>
 
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>64</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>With his turning,<br/>very dangerous for the breast.</p>
+
| <small>64</small>
 +
| With its turn<ref>''Kehr'' has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.</ref><br/>&emsp;The chest is quickly<ref name="fast">Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.</ref> threatened.<ref>R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut from above with the Scheitelhau and hang your point in his face, if he defends himself against your point by pushing it up and away with the hilt, then turn your sword with the hilt high in front of your head and stab him downwards into the chest.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref>G., R., S. "Item".</ref> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when you strike-in and hang<ref>D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.</ref> the point<ref>"The point" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> to the face with the parter:<ref name="sentence-gr">Sentence omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> if he then shoves the point<ref>D., G., R. "you".</ref> firmly upward with his<ref>D., G., S. "the".</ref> hilt in the displacement<ref>"In the displacement" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.</ref> of the parter,<ref>"Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.</ref> invert your sword with the hilt high<ref>S. ''fast vber sich'': "firmly upward".</ref> in front of your head (such that the thumb comes below),<ref name="clause-dgs">Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.</ref> and set the point under his hands<ref>"His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.</ref> upon his chest (as stands pictured here).<ref>G. "since".</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|008r|jpg|lbl=08r}}
|  
 
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
 
<p><br/><br/></p>
 
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|2|lbl=28v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
|-
+
<p><br/><br/></p>
|
 
|
 
|
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|008r|jpg|lbl=08r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|2|lbl=28v|p=1}}<ref name="S28v">[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], f 28v</ref>
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[53] {{red|b=1|How the Crown counters the parter.}}</p>
+
| <p>[56] {{red|b=1|How the crown breaks the parter}}<ref>Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>65</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>That which comes from him,<br/>the Crown takes away.</p>
+
| <small>65</small>
 +
| Whatever comes from him,<br/>&emsp;The crown takes it away.<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him from above with the Scheitelhau, if he defends himself with the hilt over his head: this defence is called the Crown. And with that he can rush in close to you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, when you cleave-in above with the parter: if he displaces with the hilt high over his head, this displacement is called the crown, and with it [he] runs-in to you.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}
|
 
|
 
|
 
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|008v|jpg|lbl=08v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|008v|jpg|lbl=08v}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 009r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 009r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|How the slice counters the Crown.}}</p>
+
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: how the cut breaks the crown}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>66</small><br/><br/><small>67</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Slice through the Crown,<br/>so you break this guard quickly.<br/>Press with the sword,<br/>with more slicing you draw backwards.</p>
+
| <small>66</small>
 +
| Cut through the crown,<br/>&emsp;So you break the hard beautifully;<ref>D., G. ''Schon'', lit. "already", "yet".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>67</small>
 +
| Press the strike,<ref>D. ''stuch'', R. ''stich'': "press the thrust".</ref><br/>&emsp;Withdraw it with cutting.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he defends against the Scheitelhau or some other cut with the Crown and tries to rush in against you, pull the slice under his hands in his arm and press hard upwards, to break the Crown. And turn your sword from the under slice to the over slice, and thus draw back.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, when he displaces the parter (or otherwise another hew) with the crown and with that runs in:<ref name="clause-r"/> so take the under-cut<ref>D., G., S. "cut".</ref> below his hands into his arm and press firmly upwards (as stands pictured next to this);<ref name="clause-drs">Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.</ref> so the crown is broken again,<ref>S. "well broken".</ref> and wind your sword from the under-cut<ref>"From the under-cut" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> into the over-cut,<ref name="word-dg"/> and with that withdraw yourself.<ref name="word-s"/><ref>"And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|009r|jpg|lbl=09r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|009r|jpg|lbl=09r}}
|
 
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|1|lbl=28v}}<!--
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|1|lbl=28v|p=1}}<ref name="S28v"/><!--
 
           --><section end="Scheitelhaw"/><section begin="Leger"/>
 
           --><section end="Scheitelhaw"/><section begin="Leger"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The four guards.}}</p>
+
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on the four leaguers}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>68</small><br/><br/><small>69</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Only four guards<br/>will you hold, and damn those that are commonly known.<br/>"Ox", "Plough", "Fool",<br/>"From the Roof ", with these you will not be unfamiliar.</p>
+
| <small>68</small>
 +
| Four leaguers alone:<br/>&emsp;Keep to those and flee<ref>Imperative of ''fliehen''.</ref> the common;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>69</small>
 +
| Ox, plow, fool,<br/>&emsp;From-the-roof are not disgusting<ref>alt: unpleasant, repugnant</ref> to you.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This means that you shall not assume any other guards other than these four that are now to be described.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this<ref name="md-d">"Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> is that you<ref name="word-g"/> shall not hold to any leaguer other<ref name="word-d"/> than solely to the four which will be<ref>"Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> named here.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|1|lbl=34r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|1|lbl=34r|p=1}}
Line 860: Line 1,022:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[56] {{red|b=1|The first guard. The Ox.}}</p>
+
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The first guard}} is called<ref name="haist-r">"Is called" omitted from the Dresden</ref> the ox; arrange yourself thusly: Stand with the left foot forwards and hold your sword near your right side with the hilt<ref>"With the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> in front of your head, and let the point hang<ref name="word-g"/> against the face (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
 
<p>Hold it like this: stand with the left foot forwards, and hold your sword beside and slightly in front of the right side of your head, and let the point hang towards his face.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 869: Line 1,029:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|The second guard. The Plough.}}</p>
+
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The second guard}} is called<ref name="haist-r">"Is called" omitted from the Dresden</ref> the plow; arrange yourself thusly: Stand with the left foot forward and hold your sword with<ref name="word-d"/> crossed hands near your right side over your knee such that the point stands against the face (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
 
<p>Hold it like this: stand with the left foot forward, and hold your sword with crossed hands beside and slightly above your right knee, in such a way that the point is towards his face.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 878: Line 1,036:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The third guard. The Fool.}}</p>
+
| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The third guard}} is called<ref name="haist-r">"Is called" omitted from the Dresden</ref> the fool; arrange yourself thusly: Stand with the right foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms with the point upon the ground (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
+
|  
<p>Hold it like this: stand with your right foot forwards, and hold your sword with outstretched arms in front of you with the point towards the ground.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|1|lbl=34v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|1|lbl=34v}}
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|1|lbl=10r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|1|lbl=10r}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 890: Line 1,045:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard. From the Roof.}}</p>
+
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The fourth guard}} is called<ref name="haist-r">"Is called" omitted from the Dresden</ref> from-the-roof; arrange yourself thusly: Stand with the left foot forwards and hold your sword upon your right shoulder (as stands pictured hereafter next to this),<ref name="clause-d"/> or hold it with outstretched<ref>G. ''auß gestrackten'': "upstretched".</ref> arms over your head; and how you shall fence from the guards, you find it all<ref>"It all" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> written in this book.<ref>"In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
 
<p>Hold it like this: stand with the left foot forwards, and hold your sword at your right shoulder. Or hold it with outstretched arms above your head. And how you shall fence from these guards, you will find described in this book.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 900: Line 1,053:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|These are the four displacements, which obstruct or break the four guards.}}</p>
+
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the four displacements which break the four leaguers}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>70</small><br/><br/><small>71</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The displacements are four,<br/>that also greatly trouble the four guards.<br/>Beware, for to defend,<br/>it becomes very difficult for you.</p>
+
| <small>70</small>
 +
| Four are the displacements<br/>&emsp;Which also severely injure the leaguers.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>71</small>
 +
| Guard yourself from displacing<ref>G. "Guard yourself displacing crossed in front".</ref><br/>&emsp;If it happens, it severely beleaguers you.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You have earlier heard that you shall only fight from the four guards. So you shall now also know the four displacements. These are four strikes.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, you have heard before that you shall fence solely from the four leaguers, so you should also just know<ref>D. instead continues "that the four displacings, they are the four hews".</ref> that the same four [displacements] break the four leaguers. And the four settings,<ref>''Setzen", possibly a shortening of ''versetzen'', "displaces".</ref> they are the four hews.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|1|lbl=35r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|1|lbl=35r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|1|lbl=10v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|1|lbl=10v}}
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|5|lbl=30r|p=1}}</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|The first strike}} is the crooked strike. This breaks the Ox guard.</p>
+
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The first hew}}<ref name="word-g"/> is the crooked-hew, which breaks the guard that is named the ox.<ref>D. "oxen".</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 922: Line 1,081:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|The second strike}} is the crosswise strike. This breaks the Roof guard.</p>
+
| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The second}} is the thwart-hew, which breaks the guard from-the-roof.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 930: Line 1,089:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|The third strike}} is the squinting strike. This breaks the Plough guard.</p>
+
| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The third}} is the squint-hew, which breaks the guard of the plow.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 938: Line 1,097:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>{{red|The fourth strike}} is the parting strike. This breaks the Fool's guard.</p>
+
| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The fourth}} is the parter, which breaks the guard that is named the fool.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
|{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 946: Line 1,105:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>And beware of all displacements, when they are used by poor fencers. When he cuts, strike also, and when he thrusts, you thrust too. And how you shall strike and thrust, that you will find described for the five cuts and in this section.</p>
+
| <p>[68] And guard yourself from all displacements which the simple<ref>S. other.</ref> fencers conduct; they allow the point to go out before the man (low or high on a side), and whoever does that cannot seek the opening on the man. Therefore do not parry,<ref>"they allow the... do not parry" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.</ref> and [instead] note when he hews, thus you also hew; and when he thrusts, so thrust as well; and how you shall hew and thrust, you find that written in the five hews and in the setting-aside.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030v.jpg|1|lbl=30v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
+
| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a play against the displacement}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>72</small><br/><br/><small>73</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>If you are displaced<br/>and if it comes to this,<br/>hear what I advise:<br/>go up, strike quickly and swiftly.</p>
+
| <small>72</small>
 +
| If you are parried,<br/>&emsp;And as it is arriving,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>73</small>
 +
| Hear what I advise:<br/>&emsp;Rip off. Cut quickly with hurry.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} If it has happened that you have been displaced, {{red|mark this well:}} if one of your Oberhau attacks becomes displaced, so go into the displacement with the pommel over his forward hand and tear downwards with that; and cut in the tearing in with the sword from above against the head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref>S. Item</ref> This is as it arrives that you are becoming parried: so note if one displaces an over-hew,<ref>R. "This is when one displaces your over-hew"; S. "If your over-hew is parried and it comes nearing upon him".</ref> go to him in the displacing with the pommel over<ref>D. "in front of".</ref> his forward-placed<ref>G., S. ''versetzte'': "shifted, misplaced, displaced, parried".</ref> hand, and with that wrench downwards, and with the wrenching strike him there<ref name="word-dgr">Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.</ref> on the head with the sword (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-drs"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|1|lbl=35v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|1|lbl=35v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|011r|jpg|lbl=11r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|011r|jpg|lbl=11r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031r.jpg|1|lbl=31r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031r.jpg|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}<ref name="S31r">[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], f 31r</ref>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
+
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Yet another play against the displacement}}</p>
  
<p>When you strike an Underhau from the right side, if he drops with his sword on top of yours do that you cannot come up with it, so go swiftly with the pommel over his sword and cut with powerful movement with the long edge against the head. Or if he drops onto your sword towards your left side, so cut him with the short edge.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note, when you hew an under-hew from the right side: if he then falls with the sword onto yours so you cannot come up with it, swiftly drive over his sword with the pommel and wrench your blade from his [from] below<ref>"And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> and strike him with the snapping, with the long edge to the head<ref>"The head" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this);<ref name="clause-ds">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref> or,<ref>S. "also".</ref> if he falls onto your sword against your left side, so strike him with the short edge.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|1|lbl=36r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|1|lbl=36r|p=1}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|011v|jpg|lbl=11v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|011v|jpg|lbl=11v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031r.jpg|2|lbl=31r}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031r.jpg|2|lbl=31r|p=1}}<ref name="S31r"/>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
+
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play against the displacing}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>74</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Attack four ends,<br/>therefore stop him, if you want to learn to finish.</p>
+
| <small>74</small>
 +
| Set-upon four ends;<br/>&emsp;Learn to remain thereupon if you wish to finish.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you strike in against him from above from your right shoulder and want to end him quickly, mark this: when he displaces, immediately strike round with the Zwerchau. And grip your sword with your left hand in the middle of the blade, and thrust with the point into his face. Or attack him against the four openings, whichever you can come at best.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is<ref name="di-d"/> when you cleave-in from your right shoulder: if you wish to quickly finish with him,<ref>G. ''mit dem schwert'': "with the sword".</ref> so note when he displaces [and] strike quickly around with the thwart, and with the strike grasp your sword<ref>D. "grasp with the sword".</ref> in the middle of the blade with the left hand, and set the point into the face (as stands pictured next),<ref name="clause-d"/> or set-upon him to the four openings to whichever you can<ref>G. ''magst'': "may".</ref> best come.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|012r|jpg|lbl=12r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|012r|jpg|lbl=12r}}
Line 994: Line 1,160:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
+
| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play against the displacement}}</p>
  
<p>When you set the point to his face with the halfswording and he displaces this, so strike him with the pommel to the other side of his head. Or spring with the right foot behind his left, and go with the pommel over his right shoulder in front and round the neck and therefore pull him over your right leg.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you set the point into his<ref name="the-g">G. "the".</ref> face with the half-sword (as stands done before next to this):<ref name="clause-d"/> if he displaces that, jab him with the pommel to the other side to his head, or spring with the right foot behind his left and with the pommel drive around his neck, over his right shoulder, [and] around the front of the neck, and with that, back him over your right leg (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|1|lbl=36v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|1|lbl=36v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|012v|jpg|lbl=12v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|012v|jpg|lbl=12v}}
Line 1,005: Line 1,171:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|About following-after.}}</p>
+
| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|This is about racing-after}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>75</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn to follow after<br/>twofold, or cut in the defence.</p>
+
| <small>75</small>
 +
| Learn the racing-after,<br/>&emsp;Doubly or cut into the weapon<ref>Alternately: defense.</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You shall learn well to follow after, and they are two in number. The first you do like this, when he tries to cut you from above. Wait until he draws the sword back and up for the strike, and follow after him with a cut or with a thrust and aim for the upper openings, before he can do his strike. Or fall with the long edge from above onto his arm and press him away from you with this.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is so that you shall learn the racings-after quite well, because they are dual,<ref name="clause-r"/> and<ref name="word-d"/> the first<ref name="word-r"/> conduct thusly:<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to cleave-in above him,<ref name="word-r"/> so note while he yanks up the sword to the strike, [and] race-after him with a hew or with a thrust, and hit him<ref>"And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> to the upper<ref name="word-r"/> opening before the moment<ref name="moment-d">"The moment" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> he descends<ref>D. ''wieder-kommen'': to meet, to encounter, to run into".</ref> with the hew, or fall with the long edge above him onto his arm and with that, press him from you.<ref>"Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
Line 1,019: Line 1,186:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Another following-after.}}</p>
+
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Yet another racing-after}}<ref name="line-r">Line omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
  
<p>When he cuts against you from above and he continues downwards towards the ground with his sword, follow after him with an Oberhau to the head, before he comes up with the sword. Or if he wants to thrust at you, pay attention for when he positions his sword against you for the thrust, and follow after him and thrust in, before can perform his thrust.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref>R. "or".</ref> When he begins to hew you downward<ref name="word-d"/> from above, and<ref name="word-d"/> if he then<ref>"If he then" omitted from the Rostock".</ref> allows his sword to go down to the earth with the hew: so<ref name="word-d"/> race-after him with an over-hew<ref>D. ''haw'': "hew".</ref> to the head before the moment<ref name="moment-d"/> he comes-up with the sword, so is he struck.<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,031: Line 1,198:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|About the outer takings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[75] Or if he will thrust you, note the moment he yanks the sword to him for the thrust, so race-after him and thrust him before he completes his thrust.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|About the outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>76</small><br/><br/><small>77</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Two outer takings.<br/>Thereafter you shall start your work.<br/>And test the movements,<br/>if they are weak or strong.</p>
+
| <small>76</small>
 +
| Two outer-cattle-drives,<ref>Mähnen, menen, mennen. To drive cattle, to impel an animal to move(in particular a driver or rider with a cattle-drive). To exert command over something reacting. To lead.</ref><br/>&emsp;You work begins thereafter,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>77</small>
 +
| And test the attacks,<br/>&emsp;Whether they are soft or hard.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The two outer takings are two followings-after with the sword. When he cuts in front of you, travel after him. If he defends himself against this, and you are left with your sword against his, feel to see if he is weak or strong in the bind. If he then strongly lifts your sword up and away with it, reach your sword to the outside over his and thrust in against the lower openings.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the two outer-cattle-drives are the two racings-after upon the sword; conduct it thusly: When he mis-hews himself before you, race-after him. If he then displaces you, so remain with the sword upon his and test whether he is soft or hard with the attack. If he then, with the sword, lifts that of yours upwards with strength, then extend your sword outside over that of his and thrust to his low opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037v.png|1|lbl=37v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037v.png|1|lbl=37v}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,044: Line 1,223:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|The other outer taking.}}</p>
+
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|The other outer-cattle-drives}}</p>
  
<p>When you fence against him with Underhau or with other techniques that come against him from below, if he overpowers you and winds from above against your sword before you can come up with, you are left with your sword under his and so hold strongly against it. If he winds and threatens your upper opening, so follow after with the sword and catch the weak of his sword with the long edge and push downwards, and thrust into his face.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you fence cautiously<ref>''geim'': "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".</ref> from the under-hews (or otherwise from the under-attacks): if he then lays over you and winds upon your sword before you come up with that, [and] then remains strong with your sword below upon his winding and works to your upper opening, so follow-after with the sword and take weak of his sword with the long edge, and press down and stab him in the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|1|lbl=38r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 037v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|1|lbl=38r|p=1}}
Line 1,055: Line 1,234:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|About the Feeling and about the word "Instantly".}}</p>
+
| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the feeling and about the word "in-the-moment"}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>78</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn to Feel.<br/>"Instantly" is a word which cuts sharply.</p>
+
| <small>78</small>
 +
| Learn the feeling;<br/>&emsp;In-the-moment, that word hews severely.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You will learn this carefully, and understand, Feeling and the word "Instantly", because these two things go together and are the highest arts in the fencing.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is so that you properly learn the feeling and the word "in-the-moment", and shall understand that the two things belong to the same and are the greatest arts of fencing.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 013r.jpg|1|lbl=13r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 013r.jpg|1|lbl=13r}}
Line 1,068: Line 1,248:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>When one binds the other with the sword, so you will, in the same moment that the swords strike together, already feel if he has bound soft or hard. And as soon as you have felt this, think of the word "Instantly": that is to say, that you in the same instant that you feel this, quickly work against the soft and against the hard with the sword towards the nearest opening. Thus he will be cut down before he understands what is happening.</p>
+
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-d"/> And<ref name="word-gs">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.</ref> understand it thusly:<ref>S. "the feeling work thusly".</ref> When you come to him with the onset and<ref>"You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> one binds another on the sword, so in that you shall feel with the hand (that is, perceive),<ref name="clause-ds"/> just as the swords spark together, whether they have bound soft or hard, and as soon as you have perceived that,<ref>S. "soft or hard".</ref> think of the word "in-the-moment"; that is, in that same swift perceiving<ref>S. "feeling".</ref> of the soft and of the hard, you shall work to the nearest opening,<ref>"To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> so [he] becomes struck before he will have his insight.<ref>D., G. ''gewar'', S. ''ÿnnen''.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|1|lbl=38v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|1|lbl=38v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 013r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 013r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033v.jpg|1|lbl=33v}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033v.jpg|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}<ref>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]], f 33v</ref>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>In all bindings with the sword you shall think of the word "Instantly", because "Instantly" doubles and "Instantly" mutates, "Instantly" runs through and "Instantly" takes the cut, "Instantly" wrestles, "Instantly" takes the sword from him, "Instantly" does in the art all that your heart desires. "Instantly" is a sharp word, which cuts all those fencers who do not know something about the word. And the word "Instantly" is also the key, whereby all fencing art is unlocked.</p>
+
| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|Item}}. Note,<ref name="word-ds">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref> you shall think of the word "in-the-moment" in all bindings of the sword, because in-the-moment doubles and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment mutates, in-the-moment runs-through, in-the-moment changes-through,<ref name="clause-d"/> and<ref name="word-g"/> in-the-moment takes the cut; in-the-moment wrestles, and with in-the-moment, take the sword. In the art, In-the-moment does whatever your heart desires. In-the-moment is a sharp word; with it, any fencer who knows nothing of the word becomes hew. And the word "in-the-moment" is also<ref name="word-g"/> the key in which all of the art of fencing becomes unlocked.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|1|lbl=39r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 038v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|1|lbl=39r|p=1}}
Line 1,085: Line 1,266:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 013v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 013v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Following after.}}</p>
+
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play text and gloss about racing-after}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>79</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Follow after twofold,<br/>meet him as he does the old slice.</p>
+
| <small>79</small>
 +
| Traveling-after twice:<br/>&emsp;If one joins, make the farewell cut with it.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he cuts against you and his point passes you, so follow after him with a strike against the upper openings. If he goes up and winds against you from below with the sword, pay attention to the sword blades against each other, and fall with the long edge from the bind over his arm, and push him away from you. Or slice him from the bind in over the face. Do this to both sides.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when he mis-hews himself before you: so race after him with a hew to the upper opening; if he then drives up and binds<ref>D. "winds".</ref> under you upon the sword, so note just as soon as one sword sparks<ref>D. ''blitzscht'': "flashes".</ref> on the other, [and] so fall upon him from the sword with the long-edge over his arm, and also press him from you (as stands pictured next),<ref name="clause-d"/> or cut him from the sword through the mouth. Deploy this to both sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|1|lbl=39v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|1|lbl=39v|p=1}}
Line 1,099: Line 1,281:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[75] {{red|b=1|About reaching-over.}}</p>
+
| <p>[82] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-over}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>80</small><br/><br/><small>81</small><br/><br/><small>82</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The one who aims underneath,<br/>reach over him, so he will be defeated.<br/>When it clashes above,<br/>be strong: that I will praise.<br/>Do your work<br/>or strike hard twice.</p>
+
| <small>80</small>
|}
+
| Whoever aims below,<br/>&emsp;Run-over, then they become shamed.
<p>{{red|Glosa}} In Zufechten, when he aims for a lower opening with a cut or a thrust, do not defend yourself against it. Rather, wait until you can reach over him with a strike from above against the head or a thrust from above, so he will be defeated by you, because all Oberhau and all high attacks reach further than lower strikes.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>81</small>
 +
| When it sparks above<br/>&emsp;Then strengthen, this I will laud.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>82</small>
 +
| Make your work<br/>&emsp;Or press hard twice.
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when he targets the lower openings with a hew or with a thrust in the onset: you shall not displace him, rather await, such that you run-over with a hew above into the head or set-upon the point above (as stands pictured hereafter next to this)<ref name="clause-d"/> so that he becomes shamed from you, because all over-hews and all settings-upon over-reach the lower.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 039v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|014r|jpg|lbl=14r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|014r|jpg|lbl=14r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
+
<section begin="Absetzen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 014v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|How one shall set aside cuts and thrusts.}}'''</p>
+
| <p>[83] <ref>D. "Item".</ref>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: how one shall offset hews and thrusts}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>83</small><br/><br/><small>84</small><br/><br/><small>85</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn to set aside,<br/>skillfully arrest cuts and thrusts.<br/>That which is thrust against you,<br/>meet him with your point and he is countered.<br/>From both sides<br/>you always strike if you take a step.</p>
+
| <small>83</small>
 +
| Learn to offset:<br/>&emsp;Skillfully injure, hew, thrust
 +
|-
 +
| <small>84</small>
 +
| Whoever thrusts upon you,<br/>&emsp;Such that your point hits and his breaks,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>85</small>
 +
| From both sides;<br/>&emsp;Hit any time if you wish to step.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You shall learn to skillfully set aside cuts and thrusts, so that your point strikes him and he is countered. When someone stands against you and holds his sword as if he thinks to thrust at you from below, stand against him in the Plough guard on your right side and give yourself an opening on the left side. If he then thrusts from below to this opening, wind with your sword against his thrust, out to your left side, and step towards him with your right foot, so you can hit with your point as he misses.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is so that you shall learn to offset hews and thrusts alike with art, such that your point hits him and, in that, his becomes broken, and<ref name="word-d"/> understand<ref>G. "note".</ref> it thusly: When someone stands against you and holds his sword as if he will stab you from below, so stand counter against him in the guard of the plow from your right side, and give yourself an opening with the left. If he then under-thrusts to the same opening, wind with the<ref name="word-g"/> sword against his thrust to your left side and step into him with the right foot, so that your point hits and his fails (as stands pictured next).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040r.png|1|lbl=40r}}
+
|  
 
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040r.png|1|lbl=40r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
 
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|014v|jpg|lbl=14v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|014v|jpg|lbl=14v}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,127: Line 1,322:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|Another technique for setting aside.}}</p>
+
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|Yet another play from setting-aside}}</p>
  
<p>When you stand against him in the Plough guard [Pflug] on your left side: if he cuts at you towards the upper opening on your left side then go up and out to the left side with the sword against his cut, with the hilt in front of the head; and step towards him with the right foot and thrust at his face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you stand against him in the guard of the plow from the left side: if he then hews to the upper opening of your left side, then drive up with the sword, and wind<ref name="word-d"/> to the left side against his hew (such that the hilt is in front of your head), and step into him with your<ref name="the-d"/> right foot and stab him in the face (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|015r|jpg|lbl=15r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|015r|jpg|lbl=15r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
+
<section end="Absetzen"/><section begin="Durchwechseln"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan=3 | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|About changing-through.}}</p>
+
| <p>[85] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about Changing-through}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>86</small><br/><br/><small>87</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn to change-through<br/>on both sides, hurt him with thrusts.<br/>He who binds against you<br/>the changing-through finds him quickly.</p>
+
| <small>86</small>
 +
| Learn to change-through<br/>&emsp;From both sides; stab with violence
 +
|-
 +
| <small>87</small>
 +
| Whoever binds upon you,<br/>&emsp;The Changing-through finds him swiftly.<ref>''Schier'' has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You shall learn carefully to change-through. When you strike or thrust in against him in Zufechten and he tries to bind against the sword with a cut or a parry, let the point sweep through under his sword, and hurt him with a thrust to the other side, quickly find one of his openings.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is so that you shall learn the changing-through well, and conduct it thusly: When you cleave-in or thrust to him in the onset, if he will<ref name="word-g"/> then bind on the sword with a hew or with a displacement, allow the point under his sword and slip through, and with that, thrust-in to him violently at the other side, thus you find the opening upon him swiftly (as stands pictured).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 040v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 1,152: Line 1,351:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[86] Item. If he then becomes aware of the thrust and drives after it with the displacing, then but change-through to the other side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 1,159: Line 1,358:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[79]</p>
+
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Item. Another.}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>As you come to him, set your left foot forward and hold the long [point] against his face. If he then hews to the sword (over or under) and will strike it away, allow your point to sink downwards and stab him to the other opening of the other side, and do that against all hews.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <!--
+
| <section end="Durchwechseln"/><!--
 
           --><section begin="Pulling"/>
 
           --><section begin="Pulling"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|About the twitching.}}</p>
+
| <p>[88] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about yanking}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>88</small><br/><br/><small>89</small><br/><br/><small>90</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Step in closer in the bind,<br/>the twitching gives you a good deal.<br/>Twitch! Meet it, then twitch again.<br/>Find openings to work: then give pain.<br/>Twitch in all fights<br/>against the masters, if you want to trick them.</p>
+
| <small>88</small>
 +
| Tread near in binding;<ref>''Zucken'' has the connotation of yanking something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the yank.</ref><br/>&emsp;The yanking gives good opportunities.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>89</small>
 +
| Pull: if it connects, yank more.<br/>&emsp;If he works, cut so that it does him woe.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>90</small>
 +
| Pull in all hits<br/>&emsp;Of the masters if you wish to deceive them.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten, strike powerfully from above from your right shoulder in against his head. If he binds against the sword with a parry or suchlike, step in closer to him in the bind and twitch your sword up and away from his and cut back down against him on the other side of the head. If he defends himself this second him, strike back to the first side from above and work deftly against the upper openings that open to you, with doubling and other techniques.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you come to him with the onset: so cleave-in strongly above from the right shoulder to the head. If he then binds you with displacing (or otherwise on the sword), so tread near to him in the bind on the sword<ref>"On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and withdraw your sword from his above, and cleave-in again above to the other side to his head (as it stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> If he displaces that too a second time, so strike-in again above to the other side, and work swiftly according to the upper openings which may occur to you with the doublings<ref>Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.</ref> (or otherwise with other plays to his nearest opening).<ref>D. "(and with other plays)".</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041v.png|1|lbl=41v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 041v.png|1|lbl=41v|p=1}}
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|016r|jpg|lbl=16r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|1|lbl=16r}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[89] Or act as if you will yank and [then] remain upon the sword, and quickly thrust-in again upon the sword to the face. If you then do not quite hit him with the thrust, so work with the doubling or otherwise with other plays.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <!--
 
| <!--
           --><section end="Pulling"/>
+
           --><section end="Pulling"/><section begin="Durchlaufen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[82] {{red|b=1|About running-through.}}</p>
+
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about running-through}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>91</small><br/><br/><small>92</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Run-through! Let it hang<br/>with the pommel, grip if you want to grapple.<br/>When someone is strong against you:<br/>remember to run-through.</p>
+
| <small>91</small>
 +
| Run-through, allow to hang<br/>&emsp;With the pommel, grasp if you wish to wrestle.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>92</small>
 +
| Whoever strengthens against you,<br/>&emsp;Run-through. With that note.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one rushes in closer to the other and goes up with the arms and wants to overpower you above with the strong; go up with your own arms and hold your sword by the pommel with the left hand over your head, and let the blade hang behind over your back. And run with your head through under his right arm and spring with the right foot behind his right foot. And as you spring, go with your right arm in front of and around his chest, and catch him around the side with your right hip and cast down him in front of you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is when one runs-in to the other: if he then drives up with the arms and wishes to overwhelm you above with strength, so drive up as well with the arms, and hold your sword with the left hand near the pommel over your head and allow the blade to hang behind over your back,<ref name="back-r">R. "hang down behind you".</ref> and run-through with your head under his right arm and spring with the right foot behind his right, and with the spring, drive him well forward with the right arm around the body, and clasp him thusly to the right hip and throw him in front of you (as stands pictured here).<ref>G. "next to this".</ref><ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042r.png|1|lbl=42r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042r.png|1|lbl=42r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|016v|jpg|lbl=16v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg|lbl=16v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
Line 1,196: Line 1,415:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[83] {{red|b=1|Another running-through.}}</p>
+
| <p>[91] {{red|b=1|This is yet another play about running-through}}</p>
  
<p>When he rushes in towards you and powerfully tries to overpower you above with the sword, hold your sword by the pommel with the left hand and let the blade hang behind over your back, and run with the head through under his right arm and stand med with right foot in front of his right foot, and go with the right arm behind and around his chest, and catch him with the right hip and cast him down behind you.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-gr"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to overpower you with strength by running-in with the sword high:<ref>R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".</ref> so hold your sword with the left hand near the pommel and let the blade hang over your back.<ref name="back-r"/> Run-through with the head under his right arm, and remain with the right foot forward<ref name="word-dg"/> before his right and drive in<ref name="word-dr"/> well behind him with the right arm around the body, and clasp him upon your right hip and throw him behind you (as stands pictured here).<ref name="word-g"/><ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|017r|jpg|lbl=17r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|017r|jpg|lbl=17r}}
Line 1,206: Line 1,425:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|A wresting at the sword}}</p>
| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|A wrestle with the sword.}}</p>
+
 
 +
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it with the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with your hilt, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and drive him well back with your left arm around the body, and clasp him to your left hip and throw him in front of you.</p>
  
<p>When one rushes in towards the other, release your sword with the left hand and hold it with the right; and with the hilt thrust his sword out to the right side away from you, and spring with the left foot in front of his right foot, and go with the left arm behind and around his chest, and catch him with the left hip and cast him down in front of you. But watch out so that it does not go wrong for you.</p>
+
<p>'''Though watch that it does not fail you.'''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 042v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 1,219: Line 1,439:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[85] {{red|b=1|Another wrestle with the sword.}}</p>
+
| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
  
<p>When one rushes in towards the other, release your sword with the left hand and hold it with the right; and with the hilt thrust his sword out to the right side away from you, and spring with the left foot behind of his right foot, and go with the left arm in front of and under his chest, and catch him with the left hip and cast him backwards over your foot.</p>
+
<p>Item. When one runs-in to the other: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and shove his sword from you to your right side with the hilt, and spring with the left foot behind his right and drive him forward with the left arm under his chest (well around the body), and throw him backward over your foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
Line 1,229: Line 1,449:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 017v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|Another wrestle with the sword.}}</p>
+
| <p>[94] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}</p>
  
<p>When you rush in towards another, release your sword with the left hand and hold it with the right. And go with the pommel outside and over his right arm, and thus twitch it downwards. And grip his right elbow with your left hand and spring with the left foot in front of his right foot, and pull him over the foot out to your right side.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you run-in with another: so release your sword from the left hand and hold it in the right, and drive him outside<ref name="word-g"/> with the pommel over his right arm and with that yank downwards, and seize his right elbow with the left hand<ref name="word-g"/> and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and back him thusly over the foot to your right side (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|017v|jpg|lbl=17v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|017v|jpg|lbl=17v}}
Line 1,239: Line 1,459:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting at the sword}}<ref name="line-g">Line omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Another wrestle with the sword.}}</p>
 
  
<p>When one rushes in towards the other, so go with the reversed left hand over his right arm and grip your right arm; and push his right arm over his left with your right arm, and spring with your right foot behind his right foot, and turn away from him to your left side, and so cast him over your right hip.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so drive with the left arm<ref>D. "left hand inverted".</ref> over his right, and with that seize his<ref name="your-d">D. "your".</ref> right arm with an inverted hand<ref>"With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and press his left<ref name="right-d"/> over your left with the<ref name="your-d"/> right arm, and spring with your<ref name="the-g"/> right foot behind his right and turn yourself away from him to your<ref name="his-g">G. "his".</ref> left side, and<ref name="word-d"/> thus you<ref>"Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> throw him over your<ref name="his-g"/> right hip (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044r.png|1|lbl=44r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 043v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044r.png|1|lbl=44r|p=1}}
Line 1,253: Line 1,472:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[88]</p>
+
| <p>[96] {{red|b=1|Yet another wresting}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Item. When someone runs-in at the sword, etc.: so let your sword fall and invert your right hand, and with that seize his right hand outside and clasp it near the right elbow with the left, and spring with the left foot in front of his right and shove his right arm over your left with the right hand, and with that lift it upwards; thus is he locked and thus [you] may break the arm, or throw him in front of you over the leg.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 018r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 018r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 1,261: Line 1,482:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[89] {{red|b=1|Another wrestle with the sword.}}</p>
+
| <p>[97] {{red|b=1|A sword taking}}<ref>D. "One other wrestling at the sword".</ref></p>
  
<p>When one rushes in towards the other, turn your left hand and go with it over his right arm; and grip his sword's handle between his two hands, and pull it out to your left side, and so you will take the sword from him. This will be very bad for him.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when one runs-in to the other: so invert your left hand and with that drive over his right arm, and with that seize his sword by the grip between both hands, and back to your left side (as stands pictured next to this);<ref name="clause-d"/> so you take the sword from him.<ref name="clause-g">Clause omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''This will vex him badly.'''<ref name="sentence-g">Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|018v|jpg|lbl=18v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|018v|jpg|lbl=18v}}
Line 1,270: Line 1,493:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019r.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|A sword capture.}}</p>
+
| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|This is yet another sword taking}}<ref>D. "A sword taking".</ref></p>
  
<p>When he parries or in another manner binds against your sword, grip with a turned left hand both the swords by the blades. And hold them tightly together and go with the right hand out to your left side with the pommel from below round to the other side over both his hands; and pull upwards out to your right side; you will hold both swords.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-g"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when he binds on your sword (with displacing or otherwise): so seize both swords in the middle<ref name="word-d"/> of the blade with the left hand inverted<ref name="word-g"/> and hold them tightly together, and drive through below with the pommel with the right hand against the left side over both his hands, and with that back yourself upward to the right side. So you keep both swords (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044v.png|1|lbl=44v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044v.png|1|lbl=44v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|019r|jpg|lbl=19r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|019r|jpg|lbl=19r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
+
<section end="Durchlaufen"/><section begin="Abschneiden"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan=3 | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019v.jpg|200px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 019v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>[91] {{red|b=1|About slicing.}}</p>
+
| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss about cutting-off}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>93</small><br/><br/><small>94</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Slice by the obstacles,<br/>from below threaten him.<br/>Four are the slices,<br/>two below and two above.</p>
+
| <small>93</small>
 +
| Cut away the hard [ones]<br/>&emsp;From below in both drivings.<ref>Read: "attacks".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>94</small>
 +
| Four are the cuts:<br/>&emsp;With two below, two above.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} There are four slices. Understand this: when he rushes in towards you and goes high up with the arms and wants to overpower you with strength from above against your left side, wind your sword and fall with the long edge with crossed hands under his hilt against his arm; and press upwards with the slice. Or if he rushes in towards your right side, fall with the short edge against his arm and press upwards as before.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, there are four cuts; conduct the first thusly: when he runs-in and drives up high with the arms, and will<ref name="word-g"/> overpower you above against your left side with strength,<ref>"With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> so twist your sword and fall<ref name="far-g">G. ''far'': "drive".</ref> under his hilt, into his arms with the long edge with crossed hands, and press-upward with the cut (as stands pictured next to this);<ref name="clause-d"/> or, if he runs-in against your right side, fall<ref name="far-g"/> into his arm with the short edge and press upwards as before.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045r.png|1|lbl=45r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 044v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045r.png|1|lbl=45r|p=1}}
Line 1,294: Line 1,521:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|Another slice.}}</p>
+
| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|Yet another cut}}</p>
  
<p>When with a strike or in some other manner you bind strongly with his sword; let him pull his sword away from you and strike from above to your head. Then wind your sword with the hilt in front of your head and slice his arm from below; and thrust the point in the slice down into his breast.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind strongly on his sword (with a hew or otherwise): if he then allows his sword to snap-away from yours and strikes you above to the head, so twist your sword with the hilt in front of your head and cut-through his arm below, and with the cut, set the point below upon his chest.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045v.png|1|lbl=45v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045v.png|1|lbl=45v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,303: Line 1,530:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|Another slice.}}</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|This is the over-cut}}<ref>D. "Yet another cut".</ref></p>
  
<p>When someone binds your sword to your left side and strikes round from the sword with the Zwerchau or suchlike to your right side, spring with the left foot out to his right side away from the strike, and fall with the long edge from above over both arms. Do this on both sides.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-r"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> conduct the cut thusly: when one binds on the sword against your left side, and<ref name="word-r"/> he then<ref>"He then" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> strikes around from the sword to the right side (with the thwart or otherwise),<ref name="clause-r"/> so spring from the hew with the left foot to his right side, and fall with the long edge above over both arms and press him from you (as stands pictured here).<ref>"And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Deploy this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|1|lbl=46r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 045v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|1|lbl=46r|p=1}}
Line 1,311: Line 1,539:
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 013v.png|1|lbl=13v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 013v.png|1|lbl=13v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
+
<section end="Abschneiden"/><section begin="Hande Trucken"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[94] {{red|b=1|About the transforming of the slice.}}</p>
+
| <p>[102] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the transformation of the cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>95</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Wind the edge,<br/>to avoid, press the hands.</p>
+
| <small>95</small>
 +
| Turn the edge<br/>&emsp;To flatten; press the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you can come with an under-slice to his arm when he rushes in, so that your point goes out to his right side; press upwards with the slice. And in the pressing, spring with the left foot out to his right side, and wind your sword with the long edge from above over his arms so that your point goes out to his left side; and press his arms away from you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is when you come in your running-in with the under-cut below<ref name="word-d"/> into his arm (such that your point goes out against his<ref>G. "your".</ref> right side): so with that,<ref>"With that" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> press firmly upwards with the cut,<ref>"With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> and amid the pressing spring with the left foot to his right side, and turn your sword with the long edge above over his arms (such that your point goes-out against his left side), and with that, press his arm from you.<ref name="clause-ag">Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> Thus have you transformed the under-cut into the over; conduct this to both sides.<ref name="sentence-d">Sentence omitted from the Dresden.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 013r.jpg|4|lbl=13r|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 013v.jpg|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 013r.jpg|4|lbl=13r|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 013v.jpg|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}<ref>Remainder of fragments from [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]], ff 13r-14v</ref>
 
+
<section end="Hande Trucken"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|About the two hangings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[103] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the two hangings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>96</small><br/><br/><small>97</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>There are two hangings<br/>from each hand to the ground.<br/>In all movements:<br/>strikes, thrusts, guards—soft or hard.</p>
+
| <small>96</small>
 +
| The two hangings happen<br/>&emsp;From one hand from the earth.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>97</small>
 +
| In every drive,<br/>&emsp;Hew, thrust, leaguer; soft or hard.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} There are two hangings from each hand and on each side towards the ground. When you bind against his sword with a lower setting-aside to your left side; hang your pommel to the ground and thrust him from below up into the face from the hanging. If he pushes your point upwards with a parry, stay in the bind and go up with him, and hang the point from above downwards towards his face. And in the two hangings you shall deftly use all techniques: strikes, thrusts and slice; in the binding against the sword notice if he is soft or hard.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, there are two hangings from one hand and from one side from the earth; conduct it thusly: When you bind onto his sword against your left side with the lower setting-aside, so hang your sword's<ref name="word-g"/> pommel against the earth, and thrust-up to him from below out of the hanging to the face. If he then shoves your point upward with the displacing, so remain thusly upon the sword and also<ref name="word-d"/> drive up with him,<ref>"With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> and hang the point from above down to the face, and in the two hangings you shall swiftly conduct hew, thrust, and cut [with] every drive. Thereafter, as you [are] in the binding-on of the sword, with that, perceive (or test)<ref>"Or test" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> whether he is soft or hard. (The hangings from both sides, this is the plow from both sides.)<ref name="sentence-ad">Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046v.png|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 046v.png|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
Line 1,341: Line 1,574:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="5" |  
+
|  
| <p>[96] {{red|b=1|About the speaking window.}}</p>
+
| <p>[104] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the speaking-window}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>98</small><br/><br/><small>99</small><br/><br/><small>100</small><br/><br/><small>101</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Doing the speaking window:<br/>stand straight, observe what he does.<br/>Strike in, when he twitches.<br/>About the one who draws himself away from you,<br/>truly I say this to you:<br/>no man can truly defend himself without danger!<br/>If you have understood this correctly,<br/>he can rarely come to blows.</p>
+
| <small>98</small>
 +
| Make the speaking-window;<br/>&emsp;Stand freely, seek out his thing,<ref>''sach'': thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>99</small>
 +
| Strike him such that it snaps<br/>&emsp;Whoever withdraws before you.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>100</small>
 +
| I say to you in truth:<br/>&emsp;No one protects themselves without danger.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>101</small>
 +
| If you have correct understanding,<br/>&emsp;He may barely come to strikes.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} It is called the "speaking window": when he binds against the sword with a strike or parry, hold strongly with the long edge against his sword with outstretched arms, with the point in front of his face, and stand calmly and observe what he tries to do against you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-ag">Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> this called the speaking-window: when he binds you on the sword with hews or<ref>A. "and".</ref> with<ref name="word-ad">Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.</ref> displacing, so remain strong from extended arms with the long edge upon the sword, with the point in front of the face, and stand freely and seek out his thing (whatever he will conduct against you).</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|1|lbl=47r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|1|lbl=47r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|1|lbl=20v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|1|lbl=20v}}
Line 1,356: Line 1,599:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>If he strikes round with the sword in an Oberhau against you to your other side, follow after and bind powerfully on his cut with the long edge from above in to the head.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[105] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-a">Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> If he strikes-around from the sword with an over-hew to the other side, so bind-after<ref>''nachbinden'': "attach to the end or behind something".</ref> with the long edge<ref>"With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> against<ref name="word-d"/> his hew with strength, above into the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
Line 1,364: Line 1,608:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he strikes round in a Zwerchau, fall with the upper slice against his arms.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[106] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he strikes-around from the sword<ref>"From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with the thwart, so fall into his arms with the over-cut.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 1,371: Line 1,616:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he twitches the sword and thinks to stab you from below, follow after him in the bind, and thrust into him from above.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[107] Or<ref name="word-a"/> if he yanks his sword to himself and wishes to thrust you below, so race-after him upon the sword with the point,<ref>"With the point" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and set-upon him above.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 1,378: Line 1,624:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he does not draw back from the sword, nor strikes round, work in the bind with the doubling and with other techniques—all because you mark if he is soft or hard in the bind.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[108] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Note,}}<ref>D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> if he does not wish to withdraw<ref>''abziechen''.</ref> nor strike-around from the sword, so work upon the sword with the doubling (or otherwise with other plays) as you thereafter perceive the soft and the hard upon the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 1,385: Line 1,632:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="4" |  
+
|  
| <p>[97] {{red|b=1|That which is called the "long point".}}</p>
+
| <p>[109] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall stand in the long-point and what plays you shall conduct from it}}</p>
  
<p>Before you come too close to him in Zufechten, set your left foot forwards and hold the point towards him with outstretched arms towards the face or the chest. If he cuts at you from above and down towards your head, wind with the sword against his cut and stab him in the face.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note,<ref>D. ''Mörck Ee'': "Note, before".</ref> when you come just near<ref>"just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to him with the onset: so set your left foot forward before when he binds you on the sword,<ref>"When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and hold your<ref>A., D. "the".</ref> point long with<ref name="word-ad"/> extended arms against the face or against<ref name="word-ad"/> the chest. If he then hews-in from above<ref>D. "hews from above to below".</ref> to your head, so wind against his hew with the sword and thrust into his face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|1|lbl=124r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 047v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|1|lbl=123r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,398: Line 1,645:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he cuts from above or from below against your sword and tries to knock the point away, change through and stab him on the other side into the opening.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[110] Or if he hews from above to below, or from below up into the sword, and wishes to strike the point away, so change-through and thrust to the other opening or side.<ref>D. "to the other side to the opening".</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,406: Line 1,654:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he meets the sword powerfully with the cut, let your sword snap round. Thus you strike in against the head.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[111] Or if he hits your sword with strength with the hew, so allow your sword<ref>"Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> to snap-around, so you hit him in the head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 1,413: Line 1,662:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>If he rushes in towards you, grapple or slice him. Watch out so that it does not go wrong for you!</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[112] {{red|b=1|Or}}<ref name="word-ad"/> if he runs-in, so conduct the cut or await<ref name="word-d"/> the wrestling.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Watch that it does not fail you.'''<ref name="sentence-ag">Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 1,420: Line 1,672:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" |  
+
|  
| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|The summary of the markverses.}}</p>
+
| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the conclusion of the entire Recital}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>102</small><br/><br/><small>103</small><br/><br/><small>104</small><br/><br/><small>105</small><br/><br/><small>106</small><br/><br/><small>107</small><br/><br/><small>108</small><br/><br/><small>109</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who does well, who counters correctly<br/>and diligently and who understands completely,<br/>and especially who counters<br/>everyone by the three wounders,<br/>he who lets go completely<br/>and takes it into the wind<br/>by eight windings,<br/>and who understands correctly<br/>that each of<br/>the windings are threefold, so I mean<br/>that there are<br/>twenty and four,<br/>counted on both sides.<br/>Learn the eight windings with steps.<br/>And test all techniques<br/>no more than you test for weak or hard.</p>
+
| <small>102</small>
 +
| Whoever commands well and properly breaks,<br/>&emsp;And tenaciously corrects completely,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>103</small>
 +
| And breaks apart,<br/>&emsp;Each into three wounders;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>104</small>
 +
| Whoever properly hangs well,<br/>&emsp;And with that brings the winding,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>105</small>
 +
| And considers the eight windings,<br/>&emsp;With proper movement<ref>shifting, balance</ref>;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>106</small>
 +
| And yet I mean your one<br/>&emsp;Of the windings are triple,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>107</small>
 +
| So are they simply counted<br/>&emsp;Twenty and four.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>108</small>
 +
| From both sides<br/>&emsp;Learn eight windings with stepping,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>109</small>
 +
| And test the drives [for]<br/>&emsp;Nothing more than soft or hard.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is a lesson, which summarises the markverses so that they are comprehensible for you. Learn also: that you shall acquaint yourself well with and train the art by which you fence, so that you know to use your counters against his techniques. Especially that you can work with the three wounders from every counter.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is a lesson, therein the art of<ref>"Art of" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> the record is skillfully understood.<ref>A., D. "shortened for you to understand".</ref> It is taught thusly so that you shall be quite well<ref>"Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> practiced and accomplished<ref>Dresden reverses these.</ref> in the art. Also, so that you can appropriately command any attack and play<ref>"Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> according to that which you fence with, so that you therefore correctly<ref name="word-d"/> know to conduct your break against his plays, so that you may work with three wounders from each particular break.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123v.png|1|lbl=123v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|1|lbl=124r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 123v.png|1|lbl=123v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|1|lbl=124r|p=1}}
Line 1,434: Line 1,708:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>You shall also hang well in the bind, and from the hangings you will use eight windings, and you will study these windings, so that you know to use all of the three methods.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> You shall also properly hang upon the sword and from the hangings you shall bring eight windings, and you shall also consider and properly estimate<ref>''wägen'': "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.</ref><ref>"And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> the windings, so that you know to conduct which one of the said three.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 1,441: Line 1,716:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="4" |  
+
|  
| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|How you shall use the hanging and the windings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|Here note how you shall conduct the hangings and the windings}}</p>
There are four bindings with the sword, two over and two under. Now in every binding with the sword you will use two specific windings.
+
 
 +
<p>Item.<ref name="word-d"/> Understand it thusly: there are four bindings-on of the sword, two over and<ref name="word-a"/> two under. You shall only conduct two particular windings from each binding-on of the sword.<ref>"The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
Line 1,452: Line 1,728:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>If he binds above on your left side, wind the short edge against his sword and go upwards with the arms; and hang the point in from above towards him and stab him in the face. If he defends against the thrust, let the point hang in from above in the bind and wind out to you right side. There are two windings around the side of the sword.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[116] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-ad"/> Do<ref>D. "understand".</ref> it thusly: When you come to him with the onset,<ref name="clause-d"/> if he then binds-on to you above against your left side, so wind the short edge upon his sword and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above and thrust into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength,<ref>"With strength" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your right side and thrust.<ref>"And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> These are two windings on one side of the<ref>"Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|1|lbl=124v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|1|lbl=124v|p=1}}
Line 1,461: Line 1,738:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Or if he binds above to your right side, wind the long edge against his sword towards your right side. And up with the arms and hang the point in from above and thrust him in the face. If he parries the thrust powerfully, so in the binding let the point hang in towards him from above and wind out to your left side and thrust. There are four windings from the two high bindings on the left and right sides.</p>
+
|
 +
| <p>[117] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-ag"/> Or}}<ref name="word-a"/> if he binds-on above against your right side, wind the long edge upon his sword also against your right side and drive well up with the arms, and hang-in your point to him above, and thrust-in the point above<ref>"-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> into his face. If he displaces the thrust with strength, allow your point to hang-in above upon the sword, and wind to your left side and thrust. These are four windings from the two over-bindings-on,<ref>A. "over-windings-upon".</ref> from<ref>A. "and".</ref> the left and from<ref name="word-g"/> the right sides.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|2|lbl=124v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 124v.png|2|lbl=124v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
Line 1,469: Line 1,747:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|Now you shall know}}</p>
+
| class="noline" |
 
+
| class="noline" | <p>[118] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-a"/> Now you shall know}} that you shall also conduct four windings from the two under-bindings-on with all attacks, as from the over[-bindings-on]. Thus the windings, over and under, become eight. And<ref name="word-g"/> remember that you shall conduct one particular hew, or<ref name="word-ag"/> one<ref name="word-d"/> cut, or<ref>D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> one thrust, from each winding. And<ref name="word-ag"/> this is called the<ref name="word-ag"/> three wounders. From those, one can and shall<ref>"And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.</ref> conduct them from the eight windings into twenty-four instances. And you shall properly learn to conduct the eight windings from both sides, so that you step in<ref>"You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with each winding,<ref>D. "wounder".</ref> and you test his attack, no more than<ref name="word-ag"/> if he is soft or hard upon the sword. And when you have sensed these two things, conduct the play into the winding which is called for. Whenever you do not do this, you become struck by all windings.</p>
<p>that from the two low bindings also you shall use four windings with all techniques you use from the over bindings: thus there are eight windings above and below. And think that from every winding you can use a strike, a slice and a thrust. And these are called the \three wounders", which of the twenty four methods one can and should use from the eight windings. And the eight windings you shall learn well on both sides, so that with every wounder you can feel precisely if he is soft or hard in the bind, and no more. And when you have felt these two things, use the correct techniques that are companion to the windings. If you do not do this then you will be beaten despite all windings.</p>
+
| class="noline" |  
|  
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048v.png|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 048v.png|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 014v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 014v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
 
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = Additional longsword teachings
+
  | title = Short Sword Gloss
  | width = 160em
+
  | width = 150em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Dresden)}}<br/>by [[Keith Farrell]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Transcription]] (1512){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1563-71){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>''[[Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey (Andre Paurñfeyndt)|Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey]]'' (1516)<br/> by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
  
|-
 
|
 
| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|How one fences from the lower guards—that is to say with the sweeps.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|1|lbl=49r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|1|lbl=22v}}
 
|
 
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[D4r]</small> '''STVCK ym auftreichñ'''</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[102] Know that it is good to fence with sweeps. Even if they are not named in the markverses, one can use the techniques from the markverses to fence from the sweeps. And the sweeps shall be done from the left side, because from the right side they are not as safe as those from the left.</p>
+
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
|
 
  
|-
+
<p>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
| <p>[103]</p>
 
 
 
<p>When you stand in the the Nebenhut out to the left side and one cuts against you down from above, sweep firmly from below up into his sword with the short edge. If he holds strongly against you and is not too high with the hands, double between the man and his sword with the short edge to the left of his neck.</p>
 
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>Wan du lei&#383;t yn der nebñ huet auf deiner linckñ &#383;eitñ / vud ainer haut auf dich ain oberhau von &#383;einer rechten axel &#383;o &#383;treich von vndñ auf va&#383;t yn &#383;ein &#383;chwert mit der kurc&#658;ñ &#383;cneid / helt er &#383;tarck wider vñ i&#383;t nit hoch mit den hendñ / &#383;o duplier c&#658;wi&#383;chñ dem man vñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert ein / mit der kurc&#658;en &#383;chneid c&#658;u &#383;einem lincken or</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[104]</p>
+
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
|
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
|-
|  
+
| <small>1</small>
| <p>Wan du auff &#383;treich&#383;t an &#383;ein &#383;chwert helt er &#383;tarck wider / &#383;o &#383;clach mit der twer &#383;eine lin/cken &#383;eittñ / vnd duplier aber c&#658;wi&#383;chñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert vñ &#383;clach c&#658;u &#383;einem rechtñ or mit der langen &#383;chneidt</p>
+
| He who dismounts<br/>&emsp;begins fencing on foot
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>2</small>
 +
| He places his spear<br/>&emsp;two stances to wield weapons right
 +
|}
 +
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[105] When you sweep upwards—as previously—against his sword and he is weak in the bind and has his hands low, cut him immediately with the long edge from above into the opening.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Wen du vndñ auf &#383;treich&#383;t an &#383;ein &#383;chwert vnd i&#383;t er waich am &#383;chwert vñ nider mit den hendñ &#383;o hav ym mit der langñ &#383;chneid obñ nach der ple&#383;&#658;</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[106] Or if he falls powerfully with the sword on top of yours, go immediately with the pommel over his sword and remain there with the hands. Then let the point go backwards to your left side; and strike him with the short edge in the head.</p>
+
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
+
|-
 +
| <small>3</small>
 +
| Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>&emsp;stab without force
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>4</small>
 +
| Spring wind attack him<br/>&emsp;onward disengage to face him on
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[107] When you sweep against his sword, if he goes up high and winds, strike him in the right side with outstretched arms and step backwards.</p>
+
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|1|lbl=50r}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
+
|-
|
+
| <small></small>
 +
| <br/><br/>
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
|-
+
<p><br/><br/></p>
|
 
| <p>[108] When you sweep up against his sword, if he goes up and winds, bind strongly with the long edge. If he strikes round with a Zwerchau, strike him in the left side with a step backwards.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du ym &#383;treich&#383;t an das &#383;chwert fert er hoch auf vnd windt / &#383;o &#383;teck mit der langen &#383;chneidt / &#383;chlecht er aber mit der twer / &#383;o &#383;chlach yn indie linck &#383;eitten mit ainem ab trit</p>
 
  
|-  
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|3|lbl=107v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[109] When you use the weapon against the man, and he holds his sword in the Zwerch in front of him and is high with the arms and tries to fall onto your sword, sweep from below against his sword and cut him onto the arms or thrust into his chest.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p>Wan du lig&#383;t in der neben huet / oder treib&#383;t die &#383;treichñ c&#658;u dem man / helt er dan &#383;ein &#383;ch/wert twerchs vor ym / vñ wil dir auf dein &#383;chwert vallñ / vnd i&#383;t er hoch mit den armen / &#383;o &#383;treich ym vnden an das &#383;chwert / vnd &#383;to&#383;&#658; yn vnder &#383;einem &#383;chwert in pru&#383;t</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[110] If he is low with the hands and tries to fall on top of you, sweep through out to the other side and thrust into his chest; this is a changing-through.</p>
+
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E1r]</small> IST er nider mit den henden / vnd wil auff farñ / &#383;o &#383;treich durch / vnd &#383;to&#383;&#658; yn c&#658;v der pru&#383;t auf die ander &#383;eittñ da&#383;&#658; i&#383;t durch gewech&#383;elt</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| If you will stab ahead<br/>&emsp;with disengaging break the defense
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side. Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[111] When you sweep through, fall with the long edge onto his sword and wind out to the left side, so that your thumb comes under. And go with the strong of the long edge against the right side of his neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and push him over it with the step.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
 
| <p>Wandu durch &#383;treich&#383;t / &#383;o fall ym mit der langñ &#383;chneidt auf &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / vñ windt auf dein lincke &#383;eittñ das dein daum vnden kumpt / vnd var ym mit der langen &#383;chneidt mit der &#383;terck an &#383;ein rechte &#383;eittñ de&#383;&#658; hal&#383;&#658; / vnd &#383;pring mit dem rechtñ fu&#383;&#658; vnd ruck yn mit deim &#383;cwerdt dar vber</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[112] When you change-through from the sweeps and come to the other side onto his sword, you can perform the techniques well—as before from both sides—with fast and easy strikes and all other things.</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| Mark if he will pull back<br/>&emsp;from injury and will fly
 +
|-
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| Then you should close<br/>&emsp;to wisely conduct blocks
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|1|lbl=108r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|1|lbl=51r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>8</small>
 +
| If you would wrestle<br/>&emsp;legs back rightly teach springing
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>9</small>
 +
| trap before shooting<br/>&emsp;That you shoot front leg artfully
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Wan du au&#383;&#658; dem &#383;treichñ durch wech&#383;el&#383;t / vñ kumb&#383;t &#658;v der anderñ &#383;eittñ obñ auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / &#383;o mag&#383;tu die &#383;tuck gleich als wol treibñ als vor mit c&#658;eckrurñ / vñ mit allñ din/gñ al&#383;&#658; vor auff allñ &#383;eitñ</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|A Zufechten from the setting-aside.}}</p>
+
| <p>[8] </p>
  
<p>When you fence with someone and when you come close to him, you should stand in the Plough [Pflug]; and then use windings deftly from one side to the other so that you are always keeping your point in the one place. And from this you can use the parries, it is the distance; and furthermore you can become stronger with the true edge and from there use all aforementioned techniques. You can also set aside cuts and thrusts and counter them simply with windings and seek the opening with the point.</p>
+
<p>When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Fechtñ au&#383;&#658; dem ab&#383;ec&#658;en'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vnd nahendt c&#658;u ym kum&#383;t / &#383;o kum in den phflug / vnd treib den behendlich mit wendñ von ainer &#383;eitñ c&#658;u der andrñ / vnd da&#383;&#658; dein ort alweg vor dir pleib / au&#383;&#658; dem mag&#383;tu treibñ da&#383;&#658; ver&#383;ec&#658;ñ / da&#383;&#658; i&#383;t die nech / vnd yn dem mag&#383;tu &#383;terckñ mit der langen &#383;chneidt / vnd dar au&#383;&#658; treiben alle vor geende &#383;tuch / auch mag&#383;tu hew vnd &#383;tich ab&#383;ec&#658;ñ vnd die flechlichñ prechñ / vnd mit dem ort die ple&#383;&#658; &#383;uchen</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|Do the Schrankhut like this:}}</p>
+
| <p>[9] '''Or try the following.'''</p>
  
<p>When you fence with someone and come close to him, stand with the left foot forwards and put your sword with the point towards the ground on your right side, so that the true edge is upwards; and from the left side the false edge downwards and the right foot forwards.</p>
+
<p>When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E2r]</small> '''Nebñ Hut'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vñ nahendt c&#658;u ym kum&#383;t / &#383;o &#383;te mit dem linckñ fu&#383;&#658; vor vnd leg das &#383;chwerdt mit dem ort auf die erdt c&#658;u deiner rechtñ &#383;eittñ/das die lang &#383;chneid obñ &#383;ey da&#383;&#658; get c&#658;u paiden &#383;eittñ</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|Use these techniques from the Schrankhut:}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>If someone cuts at you from above or up from below, strike at him with the Krumphau to the opening with a step away.</p>
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>10</small>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| From both hands<br/>&emsp;if you would conclude well with art
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Stuck au&#383; der Nebñ hut'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
<p>Haut dir ainer obñ c&#658;u / oder &#383;un&#383;t wo e&#383;&#658; &#383;ey / &#383;o haw du ym krump ein &#658;u der ple&#383;&#658; mit ainẽ au&#383;&#658; trit</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[116] Or strike a Krumphau at him with the at of the blade and as soon as the swords come together, seek the nearest opening with the false edge.</p>
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}<ref>R. and V. seems to match the [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss.</ref><br/><br/></p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>11</small>
 +
| If you've been reversed<br/>&emsp;the sword against spear will go seek
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| The weapon will take the stab<br/>&emsp;Spring to wrestle reach to him
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|1|lbl=52r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 108v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|1|lbl=109r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[117] Or use the turner with the point towards his face. And when he binds against you, become strong with the long edge. And you can use all techniques which were earlier named in the sweeps.</p>
+
| <p>[12]</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Treib den verkerer ein mit dem ort c&#658;u &#383;einem g&#383;icht / vnd wan er anpindt / &#383;o &#383;terk mit der langñ &#383;chneidt / vnd mag&#383;t alle &#383;tuck treiben die vorgeendt &#383;eindt in dem &#383;treichñ</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[118] {{red|b=1|That which is called "the little wheel".}}</p>
+
| <p>[13] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
<p>When you fence with someone, stretch out your arms far in front of you so that your thumb is above the sword, and turn the sword deftly in front of you with the point going round precisely like a wheel from below out to your left side; and go in this manner against the man. And from there you can change through out to whichever side you would like or bind with him. And when you have bound you can use whatever technique you want—that which you believe will be best—as before.</p>
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[14] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|1|lbl=52v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Au&#383;&#658; legung de&#383;&#658; Rac&#658;'''</p>
 
 
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / &#383;o &#383;treck dein arm͂ lang von dir / vñ da&#383;&#658; dein daum obñ pleib auff dem &#383;chwerdt / vñ wendt da&#383;&#658; &#383;chwerdt von dir mit dem ort / darmit du auftreiben mag&#383;t / von vndñ auff deiner linckñ &#383;eittñ behendt / vñ gee c&#658;u dem man / dar au&#383;&#658; mag&#383;tu auff wel/che &#383;eitten du wildt durchwech&#383;lñ / oder wa&#383;&#658; &#383;tuck dir fuglich i&#383;t / dẽ pfortail nach</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[119] {{red|b=1|Counter the Zwerchau like this.}}</p>
+
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| Hit long from left hand<br/>&emsp;Spring wisely and then see
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| If he will seek away<br/>&emsp;from injury and hit
 +
|-
 +
| <small>15</small>
 +
| so that his openings<br/>&emsp;are harassed by the sword's point
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
<p>When you stand in the guard Vom Tag and someone cuts against you with the Zwerchau, so immediately strike a Zornhau with the strong on top of his sword, and seek the opening with the point. And if he tries to strike round with the Zwerchau to the other side, come to him with the Zwerchau under his sword to his neck, or slice with the long edge into the arm, when he strikes round.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
 
|
 
| <p>'''Twer Hew prechñ'''</p>
 
 
 
<p>Wan du &#383;te&#383;t in der hut vom tag / vñ ainer auf dich haut mit der twer / &#383;o haw den &#658;orñhaw gleich mit ym ein vnd pindt ym &#383;tarck mitten auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt vñ wil er vm&#383;chlahñ mit der twer / &#383;o twer ym vorñ c&#658;u &#383;einẽ hal&#383;&#658; /</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[120] {{red|b=1|A counter against the counter.}}</p>
+
| <p>[16] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
<p>When you Zwerchau and someone wants to come to you with a Zwerchau under your sword to your neck, fall powerfully down onto him with the long edge on top of his sword, and thus you will counter it. Take the nearest opening that you can.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|1|lbl=53r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small style="font-weight:normal; vertical-align:text-bottom;">[E3r]</small> '''Ain Anders'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
<p>MERCK wan du twer&#383;t vnd dir ainer auch mit der twer wil uorñ vor kumen vnder dein &#383;chwerdt an den hal&#383;&#658; / &#383;o vall ym indes mit der langñ &#383;chneidt &#383;tarck auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt / &#383;o i&#383;t es geprochen / vnd nym die nech&#383;t ple&#383;&#658; an dye dir werden mag</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[121] {{red|b=1|Against the slice from below to the arms.}}</p>
+
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| Leather and gloves<br/>&emsp;under the eyes seek the openings rightly
 +
|}
 +
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
 +
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
  
<p>When you strike against someone and he parries it and goes up with the hilt, and you do likewise, and you both rush in close together, you should do the under-slice. And if he tries to do the under-slice under your hands into the arm, follow after his sword downwards with the long edge and push down, so that you have countered it. And seek the opening.</p>
+
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|1|lbl=53v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>17</small>
 +
| Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>&emsp;to the lesson wisely,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| to lock find<br/>&emsp;the strength to wend over with
 +
|}
 +
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Vom &#658;orn haw'''</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
 
+
|
<p>Wan du mit ainem fich&#383;t / vnd hau&#383;t ym ein mit dem &#658;orñhaw / oder &#383;un&#383;t von oben nider / vud er dir das ver&#383;ec&#658;t / vnd fert hoch auff mit den armen / vnd lauft paidt einander ein / vñ i&#383;t er dan &#383;o fur&#383;ichtig vñ will dir dein &#383;chnidt nemen vnder den hendñ in die arm͂ / &#383;o volg &#383;einem &#383;chwerdt nach vndr&#383;ich mit der langñ &#383;chneidt vñ truck nider / &#383;o ha&#383;tus prochñ</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 109v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[122] {{red|But when you come high with the arms, and he does the same,}} and you both rush in; and if he tries then to stab you to the chest or under the eyes with the pommel through the arms under your hands, go powerfully downwards with the pommel with the arms, so you have countered that.</p>
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Wan du aber hoch mit den armen kum&#383;t / vnd ainer auch al&#383;o/ vnd laufft dir ein vñ wolt er dich den mit dem knopf durch dein arm͂ vnder deinen lendñ / vnder die augñ / oder in die pru&#383;t &#383;to&#383;&#383;ñ / &#383;o var vnder&#383;ich mit dem knopf &#383;tarck mit den armen / vud ruck an dich / vnd &#383;chlach yn mit deim &#383;chwerdt auff &#383;ein kopf</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[123] {{red|When you have bound with someone, and he changes}} through the pommel and adopts the halfsword; this you counter simply with the upperslice. And in the slice you can come into the halfsword and attack him.</p>
+
| <p>[20] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 054r.png|1|lbl=54r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[21] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
|}
+
|-
{{master end}}
+
|  
 
+
| <p>[22] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
{{master begin
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| title = [[Kampffechten]] Gloss
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|5|lbl=-}}
| width = 132em;
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-}}
}}
 
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
|-
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Dresden Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|C|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1563-71){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''In St George's name here begins the art.'''</p>
+
| <p>[23] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|1|lbl=88r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
+
| <p>[24] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
<p><br/>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
+
| <p>[25] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena, also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
 
 
<p>He who dismounts<br/>begins fencing on foot<br/>He places his spear<br/>two stances to wield weapons right</p>
 
 
 
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
+
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>stab without force<br/>Spring wind attack him<br/>onward disengage to face him on</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| With all weapons<br/>&emsp;turn the point to the openings
 +
|}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
+
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}<br/><br/></p>
|  
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|-
 
+
| <small>20</small>
 +
| Where one in defense<br/>&emsp;draws the sword visibly to him
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>21</small>
 +
| That one shall strongly<br/>&emsp;defend right mark well
 +
|}
 +
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
 
 
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 110v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
+
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}<br/></p>
  
<p>If you will stab ahead<br/>with disengaging break the defense</p>
+
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[6] Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
+
| <p>[29] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|3|lbl=-}}
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
+
| <p>[30] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
<p>Mark if he will pull back<br/>from injury and will fly<br/>Then you should close<br/>to wisely deploy blocks</p>
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[31]</p>
  
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
+
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
+
| <p>[32] If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|1|lbl=111v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
<p>If you would wrestle<br/>legs back rightly teach springing<br/>trap before shooting<br/>That you shoot front leg artfully</p>
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[33]</p>
  
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
+
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[9] When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
+
| <p>[34] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[10] Or try the following. When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
+
| <p>[35] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
+
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
  
<p>From both hands<br/>if you would conclude well with art</p>
+
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
+
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}</p>
+
| <p>[37] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
<p><br/>If you've been reversed<br/>the sword against spear will go seek<br/>The weapon will take the stab<br/>Spring to wrestle reach to him</p>
 
 
 
<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[13]</p>
+
| <p>[38] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[14] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
  
(Repetition)
+
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[15] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[40] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/>{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
+
| <p>[41] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
  
<p>Hit long from left hand<br/>Spring wisely and then see<br/>If he will seek away<br/>from injury and hit<br/>so that his openings<br/>are harassed by the sword's point</p>
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
  
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
+
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|5|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[17] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[43] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, yank and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
+
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
  
<p>Leather and gloves<br/>under the eyes seek the openings rightly</p>
+
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 111v.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
+
|-
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[45] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>to the lesson wisely,<br/>to lock find<br/>the strength to wend over with</p>
+
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
+
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[47] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
+
| <p>[48] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
  
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
+
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[49] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[21] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[22] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
+
| <p>[50] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[23] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
+
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}<br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[24] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112r.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[25] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
+
| <p>[52] In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[26] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena,</p>
+
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[27] also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
+
| <p>[54] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
+
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>With all weapons<br/>turn the point to the openings</p>
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>22</small>
 +
| Before and after the two things<br/>&emsp;teach testing wisely with springing away
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 112v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|3|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p><br/>Where one in defense<br/>draws the sword visibly to him<br/>That one shall strongly<br/>defend right mark well</p>
+
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
+
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}</p>
+
| <p>[56] </p>
  
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
+
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[31] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[57] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[32] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
+
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}<br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
+
{| class="zettel"
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <small>23</small>
| <p>[33]</p>
+
| Follow all hits<br/>&emsp;with strength if you will weaken him
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| If he guards then disengage<br/>&emsp;stab as he goes backward
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| If he fights extended,<br/>&emsp;then be artfully instructed
 +
|}
 +
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 105v.png|6|lbl=-}}
  
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|1|lbl=106r}}
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[34]</p>
+
| <p>[59] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
 
 
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[35] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
+
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{| class="zettel"
|  
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <small>26</small>
 +
| If he grabs on strong<br/>&emsp;in the shot face him on
 +
|}
 +
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[36] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
+
| <p>[61] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[62] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[38] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
+
| <p>[63] When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[39] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
+
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| If he shoots with the striking point<br/>&emsp;Meet without force
 +
|-
 +
| <small>28</small>
 +
| Teach to twist the point<br/>&emsp;with both hands to the eyes
 +
|}
 +
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
|
 
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
 
 
 
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[41] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[65] The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[42] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[66] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[43] Note: this is the counter: When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
+
| <p>[67] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[44] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, zucken and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
+
| <p>[68] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[45] Note: This is the counter: When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
+
| <p>[69] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[46] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
+
| <p>[70] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}</p>
+
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}<br/><br/></p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>29</small>
 +
| You must guard<br/>&emsp;the forward foot with the strike
 +
|}
 +
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 107r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[48] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[72] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 26-232 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
|-
+
|}
|  
+
{{master end}}
| <p>[49] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
+
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{master begin
|  
+
| title = Mounted Fencing Gloss
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
+
| width = 150em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation (from the Glasgow)}}<br/>by [[Stephen Cheney]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[50] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[1] <br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|Here begins Master Johannes Liechtenauer’s mounted fencing, which he has allowed to be written with obscure and disguised words, which is interpreted and glossed here in this book, so that any fencer may well hear it, if he can otherwise fence.}}</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|3|lbl=75r}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}}
+
 
 +
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[2] '''This is the text'''</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>1</small>
 +
| {{red|Direct your spear<br/>Against riding, make useless}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is when you have a lance, and another also has one, and wants to ride together with you, you shall therefore know to arrange yourself with your lance so that, with it, you divert<ref>Orignal: “ableyttest,” - “ableiten,” literally to lead away, also to derive, deduce, divert, drain, deflect, channel off.</ref> his and hit him with the stab, and he does not hit you, and you shall know to drive the plays with the lance from two guards, which will be named to you hereafter.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[51] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
+
| <p>[3] The 21st figure speaks about this: The strength in the wielding, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[4] '''This is the text about the play from the first guard'''</p>
 
+
{|class="zettel"
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent. [In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned.] Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
+
|-
|
+
| <small>2</small>
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
+
| {{red|If it recommends<br/>Your end to him, unbuckle}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the play from the first guard: When you ride together with him, hold your lance under the arm to the stab, and when it comes to the meeting,<ref>“Zu dem treffen,” could be in the sense of the two fencers meeting each other, or one lance connecting to the other, or a lance landing a hit. Context indicates that it is the first for this one.</ref> do as if it is too heavy for you, and let it sink with the point low forward against your left side. If he then rides upon you with a stab, raise up your lance upwards with strength at his, so you hit him, and he does not hit you, because his lance goes away next to the side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|1|lbl=75v}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail. If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
+
| <p>[5] The first figure speaks about this: Hunt from the chest, etc.</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the play from the second guard}}</p>
  
<p>Before and after the two things<br/>teach testing wisely with springing away</p>
+
<p>Note, when you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle in front of you athwart on the saddle bow. If he then rides upon you with a stab, then strike his lance away with the front part of your lance onto your right side from you, and wind your lance with it under your right arm, so you hit him and he does not hit you.</p>
 
 
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
<p><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
 
+
|
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] The 17th figure speaks about this: Hunt to the, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[55] The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
+
| <p>[8] '''This is the text'''</p>
 +
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>3</small>
 +
| {{red|Hew in, don’t draw<br/>From scabbard jolt to him left}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>4</small>
 +
| {{red|Grip to his right<br/>So you catch him without fencing}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if both fail with the lance while riding, let yours fall from your hand, and draw neither sword nor knife, and ride to him, and turn yourself with your left side to his right, and drive the wrestles described hereafter:</p>
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|1|lbl=76r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[56] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with the left side at his right, if he then grips at you with the right hand forward and wants to wrestle, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your right, and drive the unnamed hold, or the secret.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, grip his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and raise his right foot with your left foot, so he falls.</p>
 
+
|
<p>Follow all hits<br/>with strength if you will weaken him<br/>If he guards then disengage<br/>stab as he goes backward<br/>If he fights extended, <br/>then be artfully instructed</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[58] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
+
| <p>[11] Or, when you have gripped his right elbow with the left hand, grip his sword pommel with the right, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
+
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Here note another}}</p>
  
<p>If he grabs on strong<br/>in the shot face him on</p>
+
<p>This is if you may not come to his right side with the left side, hold yourself with the right at his right. If he then grips to you with wrestling, drive the sheep hold,<ref>“Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.</ref> or the sun showing.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[60] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
+
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you come with your right side at his right, if he then has drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then move with your right arm down from above outwards over his right, and press the arm to the right side, and ride forward, so you take his sword, or rise with the right arm from inwards over his right, and press the arm forward to your chest, and ride forward, so you again take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[61] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
+
| <p>[14] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand…</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[62] When he has set to your leftarmpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
+
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Grip his right hand with your left and jolt it in front of your chest, and turn your horse from him, so he falls.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|1|lbl=76v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
+
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, grip his right elbow with the right hand, and raise his right foot with your right foot, so he must fall.</p>
 
 
<p>If he shoots with the striking point<br/>Meet without force<br/>Teach to twist the point<br/>with both hands to the eyes</p>
 
 
 
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard. The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
<br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[64] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[17] The second figure speaks about this: Turn around with the horse, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[65] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
|  
+
{|class="zettel"
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
+
|-
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| {{red|The lance stabbing, fencing<br/>Learn to break moderately without hurry}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} When someone rides upon you with a lance, you shall quite moderately<ref>Original: “sytigklich,” or “sittiglich,” at the time meant “moderately” in the sense of slowly or not too fast, modern “sittlich” means morally or ethically.</ref> ride against him, and with hurrying with the horse, so you may make all of his ridings upon you worthless with the previously written plays.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[66] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[19] Or, when you hurry or run, you can’t come to the art or to the play, and are similarly insecure on the horse.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[67] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[20] The 22nd figure speaks about this: This is now the spear, run, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[68] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
+
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the tasset<ref>Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.</ref> hew}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{|class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| {{red|If it converts itself<br/>So that sword will be dealt against sword}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>7</small>
 +
| {{red|Correctly grasp the strong<br/>You search and note the tasset hew}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is if you both have come from the lance, and shall fence with swords, lay your sword on<ref>Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.</ref> the left arm in the guard, and ride directly to him under eyes to his right side. If he then hews an over hew upon you, rise with the sword and parry the hew strongly with the long edge, and stab him to the face. If he parries the stab and rises high, hew with the long edge to the left hand, or to the reins,<ref>“Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.</ref> and if the horse tricks you,<ref>Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.</ref> then hew him to the right leg in the running away.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}</p>
+
| <p>[22] The 7th figure speaks about this: Here begins, etc.</p>
 
 
<p>You must guard<br/>the forward foot with the strike</p>
 
 
 
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[70] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
+
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{|class="zettel"
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|}
 
{{master end}}
 
 
 
{{master begin
 
| title = [[Roßfechten]] Gloss
 
| width = 132em
 
}}
 
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
| <small>8</small>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
| {{red|Learn to compel<ref>Original: “schütten”.</ref> well strong<br/>All hits without danger, distress him with it}}
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1563-71){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <small>9</small>
 +
| {{red|Plant without danger<br/>Whoever brushes, hang to his hair}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, that is, that you always shall bind on artfully with the sword, be it with hews or with stabs, and don’t withdraw yourself from the sword, and force him with the point to the plays written hereafter.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[24] The 20th figure speaks about this: Compel against, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Assess if you may plant to him with the sword. If he parries onto his left side and rides to you, rise with the pommel from below, through his sword, around his neck, and come with the left to the pommel to help, and jolt him to you onto the side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[26] The 6th figure speaks about this: Grip at with both hands, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew, move with your crossguard<ref>Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.</ref> under [his] jawbone, and grip him with the left hand by the helmet, and pull to yourself with it, and shove<ref>“Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.</ref> from you with the crossguard, so he falls.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your hew or stab, and hurries to you, grip his right hand with the left, and with the right, set your point into his face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[29] The 8th figure speaks about this: Turn the right hand to him, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he parries your over hew with the lateral,<ref>“Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.</ref> rise high with the right hand, and [hang]<ref>The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.</ref> with the point over top of his sword to his face or chest, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[31] The 4th figure speaks about this: Plant high, swing, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>10</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to touch<br/>Long hunting, that severely hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>11</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever wards that<br/>So wind that, also hurts}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| {{red|If he will continue it<br/>Catch reins, and let the bit guard}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Hold your sword next to your right leg in the guard, and ride to him as such, and stab him to the face with long outstretched arm. If he parries the stab, rise with the right hand and wind at the sword, and remain with the point in front of his face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|10|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[33] The 4th speaks about this: Plant high, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|1|lbl=113r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he then parries with the sword and hurries to you, rise with your hand inwards over his right arm, and grip your reins with left inverted hand under his arm, therefore you engulf<ref>“Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.</ref> his hand with the reins.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[35] The 10th figure speaks: Press firm, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|Here note the set-asides with the sword on horseback}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Note, when you ride to the man, and have your sword in a guard, note to which side he hews to you. If he hews to you from above to your left side, wind also onto your left side against his hew. Or, if he hews to you to your right side, wind also onto your right, so that your thumb always comes under, and with the parry, always set the point into his face, and drive this out against the lance also as such.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[37] The 19th figure speaks about this: Plant the point, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|1|lbl=114r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When he parries your hew,<ref>Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.</ref> if he then remains by you as such, move with the pommel outside over top of his right hand, and shove the hand in front of you with the crossguard to your saddle bow, and with your left, grip his sword’s pommel, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| {{red|Think about the opening<br/>Search for knife, don’t ward pommel}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is when you shall fence with someone in armor, you shall, before all cases, know to which side you may best defeat him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, under the face, or under the armpit, or outwards on the hand in the glove, or inwards into the hand of the palm, and in all joints of the armor at arms and at legs, and search for all the openings with stabs, and not with strikes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[41] And if you may not quite work with the sword, when you come too near to him, work with the dagger, and if you may not come to your dagger, then assess if you may take his, and work with it to the opening.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[42] The 11th figure speaks: Search for the opening, arm, leather, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=115v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| {{red|Learn two sweeps<br/>With empty hand against the weapons}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, that you, before all cases, shall know and learn to take, how you shall work with free hand on horseback, and most importantly<ref>“Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.</ref> with the wrestling. Therefore, you shall address the reins as such, so that you may shift from one hand to the other, and therefore search for your advantage with it, and that is the greatest art on horseback.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[44] The 12th figure speaks about this: With empty hand, learn, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sheep hold}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>15</small>
 +
| {{red|The sheep hold teaches<br/>Whoever turns themselves wrestling to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| {{red|As under eyes<br/>Grip him correctly with striking}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} This is the best wrestling of one on horseback, drive it as follows: When you want to wrestle, ride equally to the man under eyes to his right side, and engage him with wrestling. If he then attacks<ref>Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.</ref> against you, grip his right arm forward by the hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it under your chest, and move over it with your right arm, and grip the saddle bow with it, and ride forward, so he must fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
+
 
|
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|1|lbl=78v}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[46] The 13th figure speaks about this: The sheep hold wards…</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|This is the text about wrestling}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>17</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever attacks you<br/>Against riding, he will be joined}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| {{red|Hanging to the earth<br/>Over grip him correctly with conduct}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, when you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his right side to yours, and falls with the right arm forward into your neck, move also around his as such, and move with the left hand behind around him, and come with it to your right to help, and jolt him to you onto the side, or strike your right arm above over his right, and throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[48] {{red|b=1|Another}}<ref>“Aliud,” Latin.</ref></p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} When you ride together with someone, if he then comes with his left side to your right, and if he falls with the left hand behind around your neck, rise with the right arm behind you strong over his left, and come with the left hand to the right hand to help, and press his left arm to him tight behind into your nape. If he then swerves with the arm, grip his left hand with the left, and drive the unnamed hold, or the forbidden hold.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[49] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if he grips behind around with the left hand and wants to wrestle, strike with the right arm outwards strong down from above into the joint of his left arm, and ride forward.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|1|lbl=79r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[50] The 26th figure: Over grip, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| {{red|To both sides<br/>You learn all ridings against him}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, to whichever side you come to the man, you shall hold yourself near to him, and drive the art as follows: If you come upon him with your right side, drive the previous plays, which pertain to the right side. Or, if you come upon him with the left side, drive also what pertains to the left side, so he may not come to his plays.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|This is the text to the left side}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>20</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to ride<br/>Horse runs to the other side}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>21</small>
 +
| {{red|Compel the strong<br/>Plant with it, distress}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| {{red|In weapon which is valuable to you<br/>Wide sword, catch, carry, near the hand hate}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you want to ride to someone to his left side, you shall also bind on strong with the sword, be it with hewing or with stabbing, and always aim for the openings with the point, as you have done to the right side. With it, you force him to the plays which pertain to the left side, because there are several plays which one drives to the left side, which one cannot drive to the right.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[53] The fifth figure speaks about this: The compelling, going before all, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|1|lbl=119r}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|Item:}} That is, when you ride to him to the left side, hew in an over hew strong. If he then also hews in strong and wants to plant to you, you shall parry him while he is far from you with the sword. Or, if he comes near to you, grip his right hand with your left.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[55] The 16th figure speaks: Catch the weapon, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[56] {{red|b=1|This is the text about a lesson}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>23</small>
 +
| {{red|Or turn around<br/>Rested, defended to hunting}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| {{red|With all arts<br/>He hunts, he sends as is good}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if your horse carries you away in front of him, so that you can drive no play upon him, turn yourself to him to the side, there you may best drive the advantage.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|1|lbl=79v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[57] The 14th figure speaks about this: In the length, turn around, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| {{red|If you pass<br/>And go left against your will}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| {{red|Touch upon your sword<br/>And wrestle, strike, not firmly}}
 +
|}
 +
Gloss: That is, if your horse tricks you, or how that happened, that you must ride to his left side against your will, lay your sword upon the left arm. If he then hews to the head, rise with the sword, and parry with the long edge. If you then come near to him with the parry, then move with the left arm over his right hand, and press it firmly as such into your left side, and bash him with the pommel under the face.
 +
</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[59] The 18th figure speaks about this: If you hunt left, fall upon it, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|Note}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} when you press his right arm into his<ref>Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.</ref> left side, and ride away next to him, you take his sword. You may also catch with the reins into the hand with the move-over if you want.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|1|lbl=121r|p=1}}
+
 
 +
|-
 +
|  
 +
| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you parry his over hew as is written before, hew in a free over hew above to the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|Item:}} When you have your sword on the left arm in the guard, if one then rides upon you with a lance to your left side, rise well with the pommel and let the blade hang to the left side, and set aside his lance with it as such, and hew to his head, or plant to him. Or, if he rides to you with the lance to your right side, sweep straight up with the sword to his lance, and wind into the over hanging, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|1|lbl=80r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| {{red|Hunt one to the right<br/>Half turn around, ward fencing}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>28</small>
 +
| {{red|Catching with arm<br/>So may no harm near you}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, if you become forced to flee, and you were armed,<ref>“Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.</ref> and have nothing but a sword, and and then one plants with the lance behind to your right side, turn yourself out of the stab against him upon your left side, and turn yourself with the sword against his lance, and plant to him. Or, if he plants to you behind to your left side, turn yourself onto your right against him, and wind with the sword as before, and plant to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
+
 
 +
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[64] The 24th figure speaks about this: If one hunts you from both sides, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
|}
+
|-
{{master end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|Item:}} While you flee, you shall also know to nimbly turn yourself around in the saddle from one side to the other, and stab behind you, and set-aside sword and lance to both sides.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
{{master begin
+
|-
   | title = Copyright and License Summary
+
|
   | width = 100%
+
| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|Note a nimbleness with the lance}}</p>
}}
+
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
+
<p>When you are hunted,<ref>“Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.</ref> and have a lance, if someone hunts towards you, and also has one, hold your lance with the right hand on the right shoulder, and when you see that he is nearly behind at you, raise the lance over the head upon your left shoulder, and let your point remain behind you, and turn yourself against him upon your left side, and strike your lance with it under the arm, so you come equally with him under the eyes.</p>
 
+
|
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|1|lbl=80v|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|This is the text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>29</small>
 +
| {{red|The knife taking<br/>Learn to hold without shame}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, how [you] shall take his sword or his knife or the dagger: Ride to his right side, and search for the opening, however you may, with hew or with stab. If he parries and comes near to you, grab his right arm behind his right hand with your left inverted hand, and jolt it in front of you, and hold him firmly by it, and bend  your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must drop his sword.<ref>“Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”</ref> And when you hold him by the arm as such, you may strike him with the sword, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[68] The 25th figure speaks about this: The knife taking, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|This is about the unnamed hold}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>30</small>
 +
| {{red|The unnamed<br/>Turn the strong, they stab}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| {{red|They strike<br/>Destroyed without any reach}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the unnamed hold: When you come to him with the left side, if he then has drawn his weapon and wants to strike you, or grabs you with the right hand in front with wrestling, grab his right arm with your right hand in front by the hand, and jolt it under your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forward, so you break his arm.</p>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|1|lbl=81r|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If you don’t want to break the arm, when you have jolted him in front of your chest, grab his right elbow with your left hand, and shove him from you with it, and grab his sword by the pommel with your right hand, and jolt to you with it, so you take his sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[71] The 23rd figure speaks about this: The unnamed hold, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text about the sun showing}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to grapple<br/>You shall not allow riding next to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>33</small>
 +
| {{red|The sun showing<br/>If you want to bend the left arm}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| {{red|The front head touches<br/>Against after press very firmly}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| {{red|So that he sinks himself<br/>And rarely lengthens again on}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is the best wrestling of one on horseback. When you ride together with him, if you then come with your right side to his right, hold yourself near to him, and grip behind around him with your left hand, and grab him with it by his left arm, and pull it tight around to you, and with your right hand, grip him below at his jawbone, and shove it firmly at you, upwards up, against his left side, so you turn his face against the sun. With it, you win his momentum, so that he may not hold himself.</p>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|1|lbl=81v|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|Item:}} Or, if you come with the left side to his right, grab him as before, and throw him behind you onto your left side, and that wrestle is called the sun showing.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[74] The 15th figure speaks about this: In the after, catch the hand, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[75] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>36</small>
 +
| {{red|Whoever aims that<br/>Grip over, then he will be shamed}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| {{red|Press arm to head<br/>The grip has often robbed saddle}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Here note, this is the break against the sun showing. If someone comes with his right side to your right and wants to throw you with the sun showing, note when he grabs you with the right hand at the jawbone, then strike the right arm over his right, and jolt it firmly to your chest, and lie yourself upon it with the body, and ride forwards, so you throw him, or throw him with the sheep hold.</p>
 +
|
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|Item:}} If he comes with his left side to your right and grabs with his left hand behind around you towards your left arm, rise from below backward over his left arm and press him tight behind in the nape. If he then weasels away with the arm, grab his left hand with the left hand, and throw him with the unnamed hold.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[77] The fourth figure speaks about this: Whoever wards the stab, catch to him, etc.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|Another text}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>38</small>
 +
| {{red|Yet if you want to moderate<ref>Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”</ref> yourself<br/>Of the catching, light letting go from you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| {{red|Then lead wrestling<br/>Caught without laces}}<ref>Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”</ref>
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} Note, this is called the secret wrestle, if you want to make it common, and allow to be evidently seen, drive it as follows: Ride with your left side at his right. If he grips you in front with wrestling, with your right hand, grip his right arm in front by the hand, and jolt it forward, and with the left hand, grip his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and shove his right arm above over the left arm with the right hand, and raise his right arm upwards as such with the left arm. Therefore you have caught him and bound without any bind, and drive this to both sides.</p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|1|lbl=82r}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" | <p>[79] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>40</small>
 +
| {{red|Note the before-hold<br/>It continually breaks his strength}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss:}} That is, you shall always come before, sooner than he, with the grappling and wrestling which you have heard, and most importantly with the four chief wrestles,<ref>“vier haubt ringñ”</ref> with which you let him come to no plays, that is the sheep hold, the unnamed hold, the sun showing, and the secret hold, and of the catches with the reins, you shall not forget with, and when you can do the wrestles well, no one may throw you hard from the horse without harm.</p>
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" | <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master begin
 +
   | title = Copyright and License Summary
 +
   | width = 100%
 +
}}
 +
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
 +
 
 +
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Illustrations]]
 +
| authors    = Unknown
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title=
 +
| license    = public domain
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (Long Sword)
 +
| authors    = [[Christian Trosclair]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Wiktenauer
 +
| license    = noncommercial
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (Short Sword)
 +
| authors    = [[David Rawlings]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Document circulated online
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (Mounted)
 +
| authors    = [[Stephen Cheney]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Wiktenauer
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Fragments]]
 +
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)]]
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]]
 +
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)]]
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
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| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Images]]
+
  | work        = [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Fragments]]
  | authors    = Unknown
+
  | authors    = [[Werner Ueberschär]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
| source title=
+
  | source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
| license    = public domain
+
  | license    = noncommercial
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation (Bloszfechten)
 
| authors    = [[Keith Farrell]]
 
| source link = http://www.historical-academy.co.uk/files/research/keith-farrell/Ringeck%20Longsword.pdf
 
| source title= Academy of Historical Arts
 
| license    = educational
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation (Kampffechten)
 
| authors    = [[David Rawlings]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= Document circulated online
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
  | source title= [[Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =
 
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
 +
* [[Stephen Cheney|Cheney, Stephen]]. ''Ringeck &middot; Danzig &middot; Lew Longsword''. Self-published, 2020. ISBN 978-8649845441
 
* [[David Lindholm|Lindholm, David]] and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
 
* [[David Lindholm|Lindholm, David]] and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
 
* Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor''. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
 
* Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. ''Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor''. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
 +
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965.
 
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript.'' Poland: [[Adam Marshall]], 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
 
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript.'' Poland: [[Adam Marshall]], 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
  
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[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
 
[[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
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[[Category:New format]]

Revision as of 17:34, 17 July 2021

Sigmund ain Ringeck
Period 15th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund ain Ringeck (Ainring, Amring, Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the name "Schining" (assigned him by Hans Medel) is uncertain, the surname "Ainring[ck]" may indicate that he came from the village of Ainring on the current German/Austrian border. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify Schirrmeister, a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially Schirmmeister, a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.[1] Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that he was connected in some way to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer—his name was included by Paulus Kal in his roll of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in ca. 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of Johannes Liechtenauer further narrows the list down to just two. If the MS 3227a is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was Albrecht Ⅰ, who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of H. Beringer) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been Albrecht Ⅲ, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.[3] Albrecht Ⅳ claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht Ⅳ lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored long sword fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he was one of only a few known authors of a gloss of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.

Stemma

While only one treatise bears Ringeck's name, a gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword, he is often considered to be the author of the glosses of the short sword and mounted verses as well. The latter are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire MS Dresd.C.487 (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the long sword is always accompanied by one or both of the others. All three seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as "pseudo-Peter von Danzig", which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its author's name.

Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the MS E.1939.65.341 (Glasgow) and MS Var.82 (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that source for the Dresden did as well, though the scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,[5] one merely dropped the word "pictured",[6] and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"[7]).

Provisional stemma codicum for Ringeck

The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just elevent paragraphs added by Hans von Speyer as addenda to certain sections of the Lew gloss in his 1491 manuscript M.Ⅰ.29 (Salzburg).[8] A twelfth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.

The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing the majority of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,[4] and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.

The 1508[9] Glasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.

The third version from this period, the Vienna, is found at the end of a manuscript attributed to the workshop of Albrecht Dürer; like all of Dürer's fencing material, appears to be connected with the visit of Emperor Maximilian Ⅰ to Dürer's home city of Nuremberg in 1512.[10] This manuscript contains only a disordered but complete rendering of the short sword gloss; this is strange because the manuscript also contains wrestling plays potentialy derived from the Glasgow Fechtbuch (which omits the short sword and includes the other two).

The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, Paulus Hector Mair produced the Reichstadt Nr. 82 (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master Antonius Rast.[11] Included in this manuscript was a version of Nicolaüs' long sword gloss that is largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text.

The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter Joachim Meÿer until his death in 1571.[12] It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).

All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).

Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.

(A final text of interest is the treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg, which was acquired by Mair in 1539[13] and bound into the Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.5 after 1566.[14] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including Nicolaüs and Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, but his text primarily takes the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not included in the concordance below, nor used in the translation.)

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Cheney, Stephen. Ringeck · Danzig · Lew Longsword. Self-published, 2020. ISBN 978-8649845441
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Wierschin, Martin. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens. München: Beck, 1965.
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. For a different perspective, see Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. Dresden fol. 31r.
  6. Dresden fol. 20r.
  7. Dresden fol. 27r.
  8. MS M.Ⅰ.29 is signed and internally dated on folio 158r.
  9. MS E.1939.65.341 is internally dated on folio 22r.
  10. Friedrich Dörnhöffer. Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. Vienna: F. Tempsky, 1910.
  11. The origin of Reichstadt Nr. 82 is detailed on folio Ⅱr.
  12. The only date, 1570, is given on folio 123 (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See Joachim Meyer. The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Trans. Jeffrey L. Forgeng. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.
  13. Medel's section of the Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  14. The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  15. 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  16. "Known as" omitted from the Dresden.
  17. D. schirmaiste~, R. schiermeister.
  18. Count Palatine
  19. Duke
  20. "and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Corrected from »am«.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  23. lit: hastening. hasten, maturare, accelerare, see Grimm
  24. alt: instruction
  25. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  26. Possibly "strongly desire to conduct".
  27. 27.0 27.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  28. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  29. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  30. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  31. Alternately: weapons.
  32. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  33. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  34. Possibly "wages".
  35. Lit: "hew other hews".
  36. "In the same five hews" omitted from the Rostock.
  37. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  38. R. "the".
  39. 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 39.18 39.19 39.20 39.21 39.22 39.23 39.24 39.25 39.26 39.27 39.28 39.29 39.30 39.31 39.32 39.33 39.34 39.35 39.36 39.37 39.38 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.42 39.43 39.44 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  40. 40.0 40.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  41. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (offset).
  42. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  43. 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 D. "the".
  44. D. bind: "bind-in".
  45. R. Jun ger [sic].
  46. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  47. D. hurten: "to rush".
  48. "The hew, or thrust, or cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  49. "Nor thrust… cut" omitted from the Rostock.
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 51.7 51.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  52. 52.0 52.1 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  53. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  54. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 17rv
  55. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  56. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  57. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  58. Rostock hews off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  59. Alternately: part, piece.
  60. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 61.5 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  62. Likely a scribal error and should be "his".
  63. "The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. S. "the over- or under-hew".
  65. Possibly "it".
  66. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  67. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it segues into the Lew gloss of the same verse, describing how the Crooked hew breaks the Ox.
  68. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v
  69. This phrase has no verb, likely due to scribal error; it has been completed based on the version in the treatise of Hans Medel.
  70. Rostock begins again at this point.
  71. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  72. S. "Item".
  73. 73.0 73.1 Paragraphs 33 and 35 are substantially similar and are likely based on the same original text. However, they contain significant differences in the beginning of the device and it is unclear which represents the original version; the version found in Rostock and Salzburg seems to refer to the technique in 32, whereas the Dresden refers to 34 (not found in the others). In this compilation, the two versions are displayed separately, first that of the Rostock and Salzburg (34) and then that of the Dresden (35).
  74. S. "if".
  75. S. "his".
  76. S. "the".
  77. S. "where he shall guard himself".
  78. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  79. D. has the word "Gloss" here; this appears to be a scribal error, as it corresponds to the position of the phrase "as is pictured here-after" in the Rostock, and all instances of that phrase were removed by the scribe of the Dresden.
  80. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  81. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  82. D. "thwart".
  83. 83.0 83.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  84. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  85. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  86. "-Cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  87. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  88. 88.0 88.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  89. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 21v
  90. R. "wind".
  91. "With the over-hew" omitted from the Glasgow.
  92. R. unternn: "lower".
  93. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  94. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  95. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  96. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  97. "Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  98. G. twerhaw: "thwart-hew".
  99. R. "wind".
  100. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  101. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  102. Alternately: to turn around.
  103. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  104. D. "is".
  105. 105.0 105.1 D. "right".
  106. D. mit auß: "with from".
  107. As a thief would break into a house.
  108. 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  109. Word is doubled in the Glasgow.
  110. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  111. "Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock
  112. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  113. "With upright arms… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.
  114. Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  115. R. "pictured here".
  116. 116.00 116.01 116.02 116.03 116.04 116.05 116.06 116.07 116.08 116.09 116.10 116.11 116.12 116.13 116.14 116.15 116.16 116.17 116.18 116.19 116.20 116.21 116.22 116.23 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  117. Corrected from »seiner«.
  118. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  119. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  120. 120.0 120.1 120.2 120.3 120.4 120.5 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  121. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  122. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  123. S. "You may also do this".
  124. "A free over-hew" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  125. "With the visage" omitted from the Salzburg.
  126. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  127. D., G. "the head".
  128. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  129. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  130. 130.0 130.1 130.2 130.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  131. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  132. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  133. "If he displaces" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  134. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  135. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  136. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  137. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  138. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  139. G., R., S. "Item".
  140. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  141. "The point" omitted from the Salzburg.
  142. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  143. D., G., R. "you".
  144. D., G., S. "the".
  145. "In the displacement" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  146. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  147. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  148. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  149. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  150. G. "since".
  151. 151.0 151.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 28v
  152. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  153. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  154. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  155. D., G., S. "cut".
  156. 156.0 156.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  157. S. "well broken".
  158. "From the under-cut" omitted from the Salzburg.
  159. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  160. Imperative of fliehen.
  161. alt: unpleasant, repugnant
  162. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  163. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  164. 164.0 164.1 164.2 164.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  165. "With the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  166. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  167. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  168. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  169. G. "Guard yourself displacing crossed in front".
  170. D. instead continues "that the four displacings, they are the four hews".
  171. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "displaces".
  172. D. "oxen".
  173. S. other.
  174. "they allow the... do not parry" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  175. S. Item
  176. R. "This is when one displaces your over-hew"; S. "If your over-hew is parried and it comes nearing upon him".
  177. D. "in front of".
  178. G., S. versetzte: "shifted, misplaced, displaced, parried".
  179. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  180. 180.0 180.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 31r
  181. "And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  182. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  183. 183.0 183.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  184. S. "also".
  185. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  186. D. "grasp with the sword".
  187. G. magst: "may".
  188. 188.0 188.1 G. "the".
  189. Alternately: defense.
  190. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  191. 191.0 191.1 "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  192. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  193. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  194. Corrected from »dem«.
  195. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  196. R. "or".
  197. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  198. D. haw: "hew".
  199. Mähnen, menen, mennen. To drive cattle, to impel an animal to move(in particular a driver or rider with a cattle-drive). To exert command over something reacting. To lead.
  200. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  201. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  202. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  203. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  204. S. "soft or hard".
  205. S. "feeling".
  206. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  207. D., G. gewar, S. ÿnnen.
  208. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 33v
  209. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  210. D. "winds".
  211. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  212. D. "Item".
  213. G. "note".
  214. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  215. Zucken has the connotation of yanking something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the yank.
  216. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  217. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  218. D. "(and with other plays)".
  219. 219.0 219.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  220. G. "next to this".
  221. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  222. Corrected from »dim«.
  223. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  224. D. "left hand inverted".
  225. 225.0 225.1 D. "your".
  226. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  227. 227.0 227.1 G. "his".
  228. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  229. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  230. Corrected from »sinem«.
  231. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  232. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  233. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  234. D. "A sword taking".
  235. Read: "attacks".
  236. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  237. 237.0 237.1 G. far: "drive".
  238. D. "Yet another cut".
  239. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  240. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  241. G. "your".
  242. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  243. "With the cut" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  244. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  245. Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  246. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  247. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  248. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  249. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  250. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  251. 251.0 251.1 251.2 251.3 251.4 251.5 251.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  252. A. "and".
  253. 253.0 253.1 253.2 253.3 253.4 253.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  254. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  255. 255.0 255.1 255.2 255.3 255.4 255.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  256. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  257. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  258. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  259. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  260. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  261. abziechen.
  262. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  263. "just near" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  264. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  265. A., D. "the".
  266. D. "hews from above to below".
  267. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  268. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  269. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  270. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  271. shifting, balance
  272. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  273. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  274. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  275. Dresden reverses these.
  276. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  277. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  278. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  279. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  280. D. "understand".
  281. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  282. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  283. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  284. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  285. A. "over-windings-upon".
  286. A. "and".
  287. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  288. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  289. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  290. D. "wounder".
  291. R. and V. seems to match the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.
  292. Orignal: “ableyttest,” - “ableiten,” literally to lead away, also to derive, deduce, divert, drain, deflect, channel off.
  293. “Zu dem treffen,” could be in the sense of the two fencers meeting each other, or one lance connecting to the other, or a lance landing a hit. Context indicates that it is the first for this one.
  294. “Schaff griff,” the translation “sheep hold” is not conclusive, it may also refer to a type of water carrier that is held in a similar way to the hold. It may also be related to how one would carry a sheep when shearing or otherwise.
  295. Original: “sytigklich,” or “sittiglich,” at the time meant “moderately” in the sense of slowly or not too fast, modern “sittlich” means morally or ethically.
  296. Original: “taschn haw.” A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. This translation is not conclusive.
  297. Original: “auß,” however the Dresden version says “vff” here, and “aus” does not make sense.
  298. “Zawm,” - “zaum,” literally “bridle,” context continually indicates that they are talking about the reins.
  299. Original: “ob dich das roß vertrueg,” literally “if the horse make a fool out of you.” Likely means something like if the horse moves in a way that you don’t expect, or if the horse runs away while you’re trying to do something.
  300. Original: “schütten”.
  301. Original: “gehultz,” could be modernized to “hilt,” which is a term that could mean multiple parts of the sword today, but they are talking about the crossguard.
  302. “Stoss,” could also mean push, strike, or bash.
  303. “Twer,” also often translated as thwart, cross, crosswise.
  304. The verb is missing in this sentence, in the Dresden version “heng” (hang) is used here.
  305. Corrected from »geradt«.
  306. “Verschlingst” - “verschlingen,” to devour, engulf, scarf, etc.
  307. Unclear, could be “when he hews in to you, parry…” Unclear because “hawt” is used instead of “haw,” also the construction of the sentence is not typical. The Dresden version is much clearer that you are the one hewing in and he is parrying.
  308. “Zu vor auß,” in the sense of bringing something to the forefront.
  309. Engages - “greyff… an,” (angreiffen), attacks - “velt… an” (anfallen), these words have roughly the same meaning. You are both engaging in wrestling against each other.
  310. “Aliud,” Latin.
  311. Likely an error intending “your,” as it is in the previous passage.
  312. “Gewappent,” - “gewappnet,” wearing armor.
  313. “Jagen,” to hunt, seems to mean when someone is riding behind another, rather than “gleich” (equally) or “zusammen” (together), when both riders ride toward one another.
  314. “Muß er das swert fallñ lassñ,” literally “he must let the sword fall.”
  315. Original: “dich massen,” to measure or moderate yourself, different original word from “moderately” early in the text, which was translated from “sittiglich.”
  316. Original: “schünre,” translated as “schnüre,” meaning “laces” or “cords.”
  317. “vier haubt ringñ”