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| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another break above the crooked-cut}}</p>
+
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another break against<ref>D. "above"</ref> the crooked-cut}}</p>
  
 
<p>Note, when<ref>S. "so".</ref> you cleave-in above from your right side: if he then comes onto your sword with crossed arms from his right side as well,<ref>"When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.</ref> when you shoot-in the point to him under his sword to his chest (as stands written and pictured nearest),<ref>Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.</ref> and [if he] with that<ref>R., S. "the crooked-cut".</ref> presses your sword<ref>D. "you".</ref> downward against<ref>R., S. "to".</ref> the earth, so wind against your right side and drive well up over your head with the arms, and set your point above upon the chest (as is pictured here)<ref>D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> If he parries you, so remain standing thusly with the hilt before the head, and work swiftly with the point from one opening to the other. That is called the noble<ref name="word-s"/> war; with it you confound him so entirely that he does not know where he shall stay away.<ref>S. "guard himself".</ref></p>
 
<p>Note, when<ref>S. "so".</ref> you cleave-in above from your right side: if he then comes onto your sword with crossed arms from his right side as well,<ref>"When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.</ref> when you shoot-in the point to him under his sword to his chest (as stands written and pictured nearest),<ref>Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.</ref> and [if he] with that<ref>R., S. "the crooked-cut".</ref> presses your sword<ref>D. "you".</ref> downward against<ref>R., S. "to".</ref> the earth, so wind against your right side and drive well up over your head with the arms, and set your point above upon the chest (as is pictured here)<ref>D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> If he parries you, so remain standing thusly with the hilt before the head, and work swiftly with the point from one opening to the other. That is called the noble<ref name="word-s"/> war; with it you confound him so entirely that he does not know where he shall stay away.<ref>S. "guard himself".</ref></p>
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|  
 
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| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Do the Zwerchau (crosswise strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[35] {{red|b=1|The thwart-cut with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>49</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The Zwerchau takes away<br/>that which comes from above.</p>
+
| <small>49</small>
 +
| The thwart takes away<br/>&emsp;Whatever approaches from-the-roof.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the thwart-cut breaks all cuts which are hewn from above down; execute the cut thusly: Stand with the left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder, and<ref>"Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when he cleaves-in [an] over[-cut] to your head, so spring well<ref name="word-d"/> with the right foot against him from the cut to his left side, and in the springing turn your sword with the hilt high in front of your head, such that your thumb comes under, and strike him with the short edge to his left side such that you catch his cut in your hilt, and hit him in the head (as is pictured here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|A technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|A play from the thwart-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>50</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Zwerch with the "strong";<br/>mark well your work with this.</p>
+
| <small>50</small>
 +
| Thwart with the strong<br/>&emsp;With that note the work.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall work with the strong from the thwart, and do it thusly: When you cleave-in to him with the thwart, so remember that you wind<ref>D. "thwart".</ref> strongly with the strong of your sword upon his. If he then holds strong against,<ref name="wiederhalten">Alternately, ''wiederhalten'': to struggle or resist.</ref> so strike to the head with crossed arms, upon the sword behind his sword's edge (as is done here),<ref name="clause-d"/> or slice him with the play through the maw.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=27v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=27v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[35] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-cut}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword from the Zwerchau with your sword's "Strong"; hold him strongly, then push his sword away from you with your hilt, down and out to your right side, and strike immediately round with the Zwerchau against his right side, against the head.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind out of the thwart with the strong of your sword upon his sword, if he then holds strongly against [it],<ref name="wiederhalten"/> so shove his sword from you downward to your right side with your hilt (as is pictured here),<ref name="clause-d"/> and strike back-around quickly with the thwart against his right side to his head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-cut}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword with the Zwerchau, if he is weak in the bind, so lay the short edge against the right side of his neck and spring with the right foot behind his left; and pull him over it with the sword.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then weak upon the sword, so lay the short edge to his right side upon the neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and back him over that with the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|Another technique}}</p>
+
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Another play}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword with the Zwerchau, if he is weak in the bind, so press down on his sword with the Zwerchau; and lay the short edge behind his arms in front of his neck.</p>
+
<p>Item. When you bind onto his sword with the thwart, if he is then weak upon the sword, so press his sword down with the thwart and lay the short edge afore behind his arms on his neck.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|A counter against the upper Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|Here note the break against the upper thwart-cut}}<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>When you bind against his sword from the right side with an Oberhau or similar attack, if he strikes round with the Zwerchau against your other side, do the same back to him, throw a Zwerchau under his sword against his neck.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-grs">Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.</ref> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you bind him from your right side with an over-cut (or otherwise<ref>"Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on his sword), if he then strikes-around with the thwart to the other side, so come forward as well with the thwart-cut<ref>"-cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.</ref> under his sword on his neck (as stands pictured hereafter next to this),<ref>Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.</ref> such that he strikes himself the same with your sword.<ref name="clause-dr">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001r|jpg|lbl=01r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001r|jpg|lbl=01r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Here mark the breaking of the lower Cross Strikes}}</p>
+
| <p>[41] {{red|b=1|Here note the break against the low thwart-strike}}<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>Mark if you bind at his sword from your right side and he strikes out of the binding across to the other opening of your right side, so stay with your hilt-guard over your head and reverse your sword's blade downwards at his strike, and thrust at his lower opening, as painted here next.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind<ref>R. "wind".</ref> [against] him on his sword with the over-cut<ref>"with the over-cut" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> from your right side, if he then strikes-around from the sword with the thwart to the other<ref>R. ''unternn'': "lower".</ref> opening of your right side, so remain with your hilt above your head and turn your sword's edge downward against his cut and thrust him to the lower opening (as stands pictured hereafter next to<ref>"Next to" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> this).</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
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|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|How one shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss: How one shall strike with the thwart to the four openings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>51</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Zwerch against the plough,<br/>and strike powerfully against the ox.</p>
+
| <small>51</small>
 +
| Thwart to the plow,<br/>&emsp;Join hard to the oxen.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how one shall strike going-to with the thwart to all<ref name="the-d"/> four openings; understand it thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so note when it is just right, so spring towards him and strike him with the thwart to the lower opening of his left side (as stands pictured next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> This is called "striking to the plow".</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002v.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[41] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the thwart-cut}}</p>
  
<p>When you have cut against the lower opening with the Zwerchau, so strike immediately with the Zwerchau against the other side upwards into the head. This is called "to strike against the ox". And continue to strike quickly a Zwerchau against the ochs and another against the plough, crosswise from one side to the other. And cut him after with an Oberhau in against the head and thus draw yourself back from him.</p>
+
<p>Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you have struck with the thwart to the lower opening (as stands pictured nearest),<ref name="clause-d"/> so quickly strike up above with the thwart to the other side to his head. This is called "striking to the oxen". And then furthermore swiftly strike<ref>Glasgow adds ''albeg'': "always, continually".</ref> a thwart-strike to the oxen and the another to the plow crosswise from one side to the other, and with that cleave-in an over-cut above to the head, and with that withdraw yourself.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|002v|jpg|lbl=02v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|002v|jpg|lbl=02v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the teaching thereof.}}</p>
+
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|This is the text and a teaching thereof}}<ref name="line-d"/></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>52</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who Zwerches well<br/>with a spring, threatens the head.</p>
+
| <small>52</small>
 +
| Whoever thwarts themselves well<br/>&emsp;With springing threatens the head.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>That is to say, that in all of your Zwerchau strikes you shall take a proper spring out to the side where you want to strike him. So you can strike him well in the head. And see to it in the spring that you are properly protected from above with your hilt above and in front of your head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall properly spring-out to the side of him with each and every thwart-strike, so that if you wish to strike him you may hit well to his<ref name="the-d"/> head, and be aware that you are fully covered above in the spring<ref name="word-d"/> with your hilt in front of your head.</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|A further technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the feint (Feler).}}</p>
+
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the thwart-cut, and is called the failer}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>53</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who does a good feint,<br/>strikes from below how he wishes.</p>
+
| <small>53</small>
 +
| Whoever directs the failer well<br/>&emsp;From below, he hits<ref>Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).</ref> according to desire.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is<ref name="di-gr">"This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> with the failer all fencers who willingly parry become mislead and struck. Execute the play thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so act as if you will strike with a free over-cut<ref>G. ''twerhaw'': "thwart-cut".</ref> to his left side to the head, and steal-away<ref>R. "wind".</ref> your sword with the cut and strike him with the thwart to the lower opening of his right side or left<ref>"Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref>Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Thus is he contacted and struck below according to [your] desire.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=30r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=30r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the turner (Verkehrer).}}</p>
+
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another play from the thwart-cut, and this is called the inverter}}<ref>Alternately: to turn around.</ref></p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>54</small><br/><br/><small>55</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>The turner subdues,<br/>runs through and grapples.<br/>Take the elbow certainly,<br/>spring against him in the movement.</p>
+
| <small>54</small>
 +
| The Inverter overwhelms,<br/>&emsp;Running-through with wrestling as well;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>55</small>
 +
| The elbow<br/>&emsp;Wisely take; spring to him in the scales.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or Underhau, turn your sword so that your thumb comes underneath, and thrust him down from above into the face. In this way you force him to defend himself. And in the defence, grip his right elbow with your left hand and spring with your left foot in front of his right, and stab him over it. Or use the turner to rush through and grapple, in the same way that you will be told for running through.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, you shall also execute the play when you bind on his sword with an under- or over-cut. So invert your sword such that your thumb comes-under and thrust him above to the face. So you overwhelm him such that he must parry, and in the parrying, seize his right elbow with your left hand and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and shove him over (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> Or run-through with the inverter and wrestle, as you will find written<ref name="word-d"/> hereafter in the running-through.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004r|jpg|lbl=04r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004r|jpg|lbl=04r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004v.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[45] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the feint.}}</p>
+
| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a failer}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>56</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Feint twofold,<br/>strike him, thus do the cut.</p>
+
| <small>56</small>
 +
| Fail twice;<br/>&emsp;If one hits then make the slice with [it].
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is called the double feint, because in the Zufechten you shall be misleading two times. Do the first like this: when you come against him in Zufechten, take a spring with the foot against him and pretend that you will cut with a Zwerchau against the left side of his head. And change the direction of the cut, to the right side of his head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is called the double failer for the reason that one shall execute a double misleading in one onset. Execute the first thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so spring with the right<ref name="word-d"/> foot against him and act as if you will strike with a thwart-strike to his left side to his head, and [then] steal-away the strike and strike in<ref>"And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> to his right side onto his head (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=30v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=30v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004v|jpg|lbl=04v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|004v|jpg|lbl=04v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 005r.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the feint.}}</p>
+
| <p>[48] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the feint.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>57</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Continue doubly with this,<br/>step to the left and do not be slow.</p>
+
| <small>57</small>
 +
| Continue doubly with this,<br/>step to the left and do not be slow.
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say, when you have struck to the right side of his head with the  first misleading—about which has just been written—so strike immediately round to the other side of the head, and go with the short edge with outstretched crossed arms over his sword: and "Imlincke", that is to say on the left side, and cut in with the long edge over the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say, when you have struck to the right side of his head with the  first misleading—about which has just been written—so strike immediately round to the other side of the head, and go with the short edge with outstretched crossed arms over his sword: and "Imlincke", that is to say on the left side, and cut in with the long edge over the face.</p>

Revision as of 02:02, 2 July 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister[1] to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored longsword fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his armored and mounted fencing, the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Stemma

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. For possible meanings of this term, see Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Society of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.
  6. Corrected from »am«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  8. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  9. Lit: cut the cuts.
  10. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  11. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  12. 12.0 12.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  13. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  14. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  15. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  16. Alternately: weapons.
  17. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  18. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  19. Possibly "wages".
  20. 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  22. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  23. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  24. R. "the".
  25. 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  26. "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  27. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (set-aside).
  28. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 D. "the".
  30. D. bind: "bind-in".
  31. R. Jun ger [sic].
  32. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  33. D. hurten: "to rush".
  34. "the cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.
  35. "nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.
  36. Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  38. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  39. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  40. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  41. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  42. Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  43. Alternately: part, piece.
  44. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. Sic, lit. "your".
  47. "the opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  48. S. "the over- or under-cut".
  49. Possibly "it".
  50. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  51. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~, "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".
  52. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  53. Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.
  54. Rostock begins again at this point.
  55. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  56. D. "above"
  57. S. "so".
  58. "When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.
  59. Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.
  60. R., S. "the crooked-cut".
  61. D. "you".
  62. R., S. "to".
  63. D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. S. "guard himself".
  65. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  66. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  67. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  68. D. "thwart".
  69. 69.0 69.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  70. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  71. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  72. "-cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  73. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  74. Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  75. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 21v
  76. R. "wind".
  77. "with the over-cut" omitted from the Glasgow.
  78. R. unternn: "lower".
  79. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  80. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  81. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  82. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  83. G. twerhaw: "thwart-cut".
  84. R. "wind".
  85. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  86. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  87. Alternately: to turn around.
  88. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  89. Corrected from »seiner«.
  90. 90.0 90.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 28v
  91. 91.0 91.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 31r
  92. Corrected from »dem«.
  93. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 33v
  94. Corrected from »dim«.
  95. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  96. Corrected from »sinem«.
  97. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  98. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  99. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  100. Corrected from »dem«.
  101. Corrected from »dim«.
  102. Corrected from »dinem«.
  103. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.