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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = [[Mounted Fencing]]
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  | title = [[Short Sword]]
  | width = 132em
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  | width = 132em;
 
}}
 
}}
 
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
|-  
 
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! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
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! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|200px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''In St George's name here begins the art.'''</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|1|lbl=88r}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
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|-
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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|1|lbl=83r}}
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|3|lbl=75r}}
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{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
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 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>He who dismounts<br/>begins fencing on foot<br/>He places his spear<br/>two stances to wield weapons right</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
| <p><br/></p>
+
 
 +
<p>Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>stab without force<br/>Spring wind attack him<br/>onward disengage to face him on</p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
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<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
 +
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>If you will stab ahead<br/>with disengaging break the defense</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side. Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
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|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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|-
 
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|  
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| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Mark if he will pull back<br/>from injury and will fly<br/>Then you should close<br/>to wisely deploy blocks</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|1|lbl=75v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 084r.jpg|1|lbl=84r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>If you would wrestle<br/>legs back rightly teach springing<br/>trap before shooting<br/>That you shoot front leg artfully</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[8] </p>
 +
 +
<p>When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[9] '''Or try the following.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>From both hands<br/>if you would conclude well with art</p>
 +
 +
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
  
 
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| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}<ref>Rostock text seems to match the [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss.</ref></p>
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
+
<p><br/>If you've been reversed<br/>the sword against spear will go seek<br/>The weapon will take the stab<br/>Spring to wrestle reach to him</p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
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<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|1|lbl=76r|p=1}}
 
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[12]</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
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| <p>[13] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|1|lbl=111v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[14] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Hit long from left hand<br/>Spring wisely and then see<br/>If he will seek away<br/>from injury and hit<br/>so that his openings<br/>are harassed by the sword's point</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
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| <p>[16] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
 +
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<p>Leather and gloves<br/>under the eyes seek the openings rightly</p>
 +
 +
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
 +
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>to the lesson wisely,<br/>to lock find<br/>the strength to wend over with</p>
 +
 +
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 112v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|1|lbl=113r|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
  
 
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 +
| <p>[20] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
 
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+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|1|lbl=113v|p=1}}
 
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
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 +
| <p>[21] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|1|lbl=76v}}
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[22] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[23] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[24] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[25] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena, also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 113v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>With all weapons<br/>turn the point to the openings</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|1|lbl=114r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p>Where one in defense<br/>draws the sword visibly to him<br/>That one shall strongly<br/>defend right mark well</p>
 +
 +
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|1|lbl=114v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}<br/></p>
 +
 +
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[29] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|1|lbl=115v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[30] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[31]</p>
 +
 +
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[32] If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[33]</p>
 +
 +
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 115v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|1|lbl=116r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[34] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[35] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[37] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[38] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|1|lbl=116v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[40] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 116v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[41] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|1|lbl=117v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|1|lbl=77r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[43] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, zucken and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 117v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|1|lbl=118r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[45] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
|  
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[47] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p>[48] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[49] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[50] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[52] In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|1|lbl=119r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,267: Line 2,453:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[54] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,284: Line 2,468:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>Before and after the two things<br/>teach testing wisely with springing away</p>
 +
 +
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[56] </p>
 +
 +
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
+
| <p>[57] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
<p>Follow all hits<br/>with strength if you will weaken him<br/>If he guards then disengage<br/>stab as he goes backward<br/>If he fights extended, <br/>then be artfully instructed</p>
 +
 +
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|10|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
 
|
 
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[59] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>If he grabs on strong<br/>in the shot face him on</p>
 +
 +
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[61] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 
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|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[62] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|1|lbl=121r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
  
 
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|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[63] When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>If he shoots with the striking point<br/>Meet without force<br/>Teach to twist the point<br/>with both hands to the eyes</p>
 +
 +
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>
 
  
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[65] The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
+
| <p>[66] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[67] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[68] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[69] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <p>[70] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}</p>
 +
 +
<p>You must guard<br/>the forward foot with the strike</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
|  
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
|
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[72] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
 
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+
|}
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = [[Mounted Fencing]]
 +
| width = 132em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 +
|-
 +
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 +
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|3|lbl=75r}}
 
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|1|lbl=78v}}
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|1|lbl=79r|p=1}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 110v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 111r.png|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 076v.jpg|1|lbl=76v}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 114r.png|1|lbl=114r}}
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 +
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 +
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 +
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|}
 
{{master end}}
 
 
{{master begin
 
| title = [[Short Sword]]
 
| width = 132em;
 
}}
 
{| class="wikitable floated master" style="clear:right;"
 
|-
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (ca. 1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|200px|center]]
 
| <p>'''In St George's name here begins the art.'''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|1|lbl=88r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|2|lbl=118v}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the earnest fight on horse and foot}}</p>
+
|  
 
 
<p><br/>It begins here with Mr Johann Liechtenaurs fence in the mail coat. This he has put down in secret words. That stands now laid out and explained, therefore every fencer can understand the art, who already understands how to fence.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|1|lbl=89r}}
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|1|lbl=83r}}
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|2|lbl=98r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Fight with the spear}}</p>
+
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|3|lbl=118r}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>He who dismounts<br/>begins fencing on foot<br/>He places his spear<br/>two stances to wield weapons right</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
<p>When two fight together in coats of mail, then each of them will have three different weapons: A spear, a sword and a dagger. And the begining of the fight will occur with the spear. So you should prepare yourself with two ground positions, just as is now explained.</p>
+
|-
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|1|lbl=89v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The first ground position}}</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
<p>Spear and point then before stabs,<br/>stab without force<br/>Spring wind attack him<br/>onward disengage to face him on</p>
 
 
 
<p>When you are both down from the horses, Then stand with your left foot forward and hold the spear ready to throw. And close to him thus; so that the left foot always stays in front. And wait, so that you can throw before him. And follow on at once shooting forward with the sword, then he cannot safely cast against you, and grip the sword.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 089v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|1|lbl=90r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The second ground position}}</p>
+
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 118v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
<p><br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|1|lbl=119r}}
 
 
<p>When you would not shoot [throw] your spear, then hold it next to your right side in the lower guard and go to him thus. And stab him bravely from underneath at his face, before he does it [to you]. If he jabs at the same time or sets aside, then drive up in the high guard. So that his point remains on your left arm. Stab him at once with the point over his arm into his face. If he then drives up and sets aside with his left arm then jerk down and set the point in the opening of his left arm pit.</p>
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|4|lbl=109r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The jerk with the spear}}</p>
+
|  
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>If you will stab ahead<br/>with disengaging break the defense</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
 
<p>When you stab from the lower guard, and he sets [it] aside with his spear, and his point to the side and goes beyond you [pushes out], then jerk through and stab him to the other side. Or if he stays with the point before his face, then don't jerk. But remain with the spear on his and wind to the next opening, that he opens to you.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 090v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|1|lbl=91r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The traveling after with the spear.}}</p>
 
 
<p>Mark if he will pull back<br/>from injury and will fly<br/>Then you should close<br/>to wisely deploy blocks</p>
 
 
<p>When you stab and he sets aside and loosens himself from the bind, then follow quickly with the point. Strike him with it. Then press [push] him in that way back. If he now wishes to flee backwards before the stab and turns aside close to you. Then run in on this side and grip him with such wrestleing grips and arm breaks, just as you find described in the following.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 083v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 084r.jpg|1|lbl=84r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|1|lbl=110r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The battle wrestle.}}</p>
 
 
<p>If you would wrestle<br/>legs back rightly teach springing<br/>trap before shooting<br/>That you shoot front leg artfully</p>
 
 
<p>When you come in to fight him, then you should know, just as you should step in front or behind his leg, you should no longer need to step.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 110r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|2|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[8] </p>
 
 
<p>When you [come to] each other, then be aware which foot he sets forward, then strike him to the left side with your right [foot]. From the beating aside, spring to him with your right foot behind his left, and press behind his knee joint with your right knee, and using both hands tear him backwards over your knee.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 091v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 119v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|1|lbl=120r|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[9] '''Or try the following.'''</p>
 
 
<p>When you spring with your right foot behind his left, then go with your left foot between his legs. Clamp his left knee between both of your legs and hold it firmly. Push/thrust him in front against his forehead with your left hand, and with your right draw him backwards to behind him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Text}}</p>
 
 
<p>From both hands<br/>if you would conclude well with art</p>
 
 
<p>You should control all wrestling techniques on both sides. therefor you'll counter all that he attempts against you. When you have sprung with your right foot behind his left foot and he climbs back with his left foot, then follow him quickly to the other side with your left foot to behind his right foot. And throw him over over your knee with or lock his knee with both of your legs, as described earlier.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|1|lbl=92v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|2|lbl=120v}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077r.jpg|10|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Sword against spear. Parry with the halfsword.}}<ref>Rostock text seems to match the [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss.</ref></p>
 
 
<p><br/>If you've been reversed<br/>the sword against spear will go seek<br/>The weapon will take the stab<br/>Spring to wrestle reach to him</p>
 
 
<p>When you have thrown your spear and he has kept his, then place yourself in the following position: Grip your sword in the middle of the blade and place it before your left knee in the guard. Or hold it next to your right side in the lower guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 092v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|1|lbl=93r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[12]</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[13] If he then jabs with the spear, drive high and parry the stab before your left hand with sword the on the left side, and spring to him and set the point on him. If this is not possible, then let your sword fall [drop it] and go over in the wrestle.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[14] When he jabs towards you and you stand in the lower guard, then set [aside] his stab from with the sword before your left hand on his right side, and go over in setting aside or the wrestle.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Parry with the open hand.}}</p>
+
|
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>Hit long from left hand<br/>Spring wisely and then see<br/>If he will seek away<br/>from injury and hit<br/>so that his openings<br/>are harassed by the sword's point</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|1|lbl=121r|p=1}}
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, and he jabs above to you, and he holds the spear, so that the point in front broadly juts over the hands. Then strike his spear down to the side with your left hand , and spring to him setting the point on him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 093v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|1|lbl=104v}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[16] When he stabs underneeth with his spear, to your guts. Then grab his spear with your left hand and hold it firmly. At the same time stab him underneath in the gut. And if he then wants to pull strongly on the spear and jerk it from your hand, then press the spear up over and let him go. So that he gives you an opening. Grab your sword at once with your left hand, follow to him and set the point on him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|1|lbl=94r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|When you set the point to an equipped (armoured) man.}}</p>
 
 
<p>Leather and gloves<br/>under the eyes seek the openings rightly</p>
 
 
<p>Then you must quickly recognise his openings. At first try and strike him in the face, but also in the armpits, in the palms of the hands, or in from behind the gloves, or in the knee pits, between the legs and on all the limbs, where the coat of mail joins inside. Because these are the best place in which to strike him. And you should know precisely, how you can strike these openings. Therefore you will not aim at a more remote one, when you could hit a closer one with greater ease.</p>
 
Practice with all the arms, that pertain to the fight.
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|1|lbl=94v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120r.png|2|lbl=120r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 120v.png|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 077v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|1|lbl=105r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Secret wrestling techniques.}}</p>
 
 
<p>Bring the forbidden wrestlings<br/>to the lesson wisely,<br/>to lock find<br/>the strength to wend over with</p>
 
 
<p>When he runs in, then drop your sword and use carefully the wrestling, that belong to the battle fight. These shall not be taught or shown in publicly accessible fencing schools, so is it from all to show sword mastery closed. Because he will to the earest fight to use dignity, and there are arm breaks, leg pieces, testicle thrusts, death strikes, knee thrusts, finger breaks and eye grips [gouges] and more.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 094v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121r.png|3|lbl=121r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 121v.png|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|The first technique.}}</p>
 
 
<p>The cast over the leg to behind: When he seizes you you above and then draws you to him with strength to him or will thrust you from him, then strike the right arm outside over his left hand, just behind his hand. Press his arm with both hands at the breast, spring with your right foot behind his left and throw him over your knee.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|1|lbl=95v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|1|lbl=78r}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[20] Cast over the leg in front, and break the arm when he siezes you above but doesn't grip firmly. Then grab his right hand with your right, draw him to you with your left hand and grab his elbow. Step with your left foot in front of his right and pull him over that. Or fall with your breast onto his arm and break it so.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[21] Grip his left hand with your left hand, just above the hand, and tear him to you. Strike your right arm strongly over his left arm (in the bend) and break it over your right using your left. Spring with your right foot behind his right and throw him over that.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 095v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|1|lbl=96r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[22] When he drives through under your right arm with his left arm and wants to catch you around the body, then strike with your right arm strongly from above and outside into his left elbow joint and turn away from him.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[23] When he has you gathered in his arms and you also have him in the same way, and he stands with a straight leg. Then stamp against his straight leg, so you break his leg.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[24] You will also thrust with the knee or foot into the testicles. But be aware that he does not catch your leg.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[25] When he approaches you with an open hand or outstretched fingers, then try to seize a finger. Break it above, then you'll lead him to the edge of the arena, also weaken him on this side and win ever more advantage.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|1|lbl=96v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Text of another teaching}}</p>
+
|  
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
  
<p>With all weapons<br/>turn the point to the openings</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|1|lbl=78v}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 096v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|The serious fight sword vs sword}}<br/><br/></p>
 
 
<p>Where one in defense<br/>draws the sword visibly to him<br/>That one shall strongly<br/>defend right mark well</p>
 
 
<p>When both javelins have been thrown and the sword fight begins, then you should before all things pay attention to the four guards with the half sword. From them stab always to his upper opening. If he then jabs or binds with your sword. Then your should immediately notice if he is hard or soft at the sword. And when you have noted that, then use the strong against him, as is described in the following.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097r.png|1|lbl=97r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|1|lbl=97v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 106v.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|1|lbl=107r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The first guard from the half sword.}}<br/></p>
 
 
<p>Holding your sword with the right hand on the grip and the left in the middle of your sword, keeping it on your right side above your head and let the point hang down towards his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[29] If he then stands in the lower guard and wants to stab you underneath, then stab down from above between the sword and his closest hand. Press the pommel underneath, wind the point on his sword under and through to his right side and set the point on him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[30] Stab him in the face from the first guard. If he fends that off then jerk or go through with the point to the other side, just as before. When you have set the point against him then put your sword under your right armpit with the hilt on your breast and push him from you.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|1|lbl=98r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[31]</p>
 
 
<p>Stab him in the face from the first guard, hust as before. If he puts the sword in front of him with the left hand in front and keeps the point in front of the face, and sets it sround to you. Then grip with the left hand the point of his sword and hold it tight. With your right hand stab him hard in the face. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 107v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 078v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|1|lbl=79r|p=1}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[32] If he then wants to jerk on the sword and pull it from your hand, then suddenly let it go, so he gives you an opening. Straight away grip your sword again in the middle with your left hand and follow straight away to him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[33]</p>
 
 
<p>If you grab his sword and he grabs yours, then let go of his sword and grip yours again in the middle with your left hand, wind the point out and over his left hand and set the point at him.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 098v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[34] Or throw the sword in front of his feet. Grab his left hand with your left hand and set an arm break, or some other wrestle on.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[35] When you stab him to the face from the upper guard. And he with his left hand siezes your sword between your hands, then drives through with his pommel outside or inside above his left hand. Tear to your right side and set the point on him. When you do, you'll also strike him with the pommel from the upper guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|1|lbl=108v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[36] {{red|b=1|The second guard with the half sword}}</p>
 
 
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, down to your right side, with the grip next to your knee. Your left foot will stand forward and the point shall be directed at the face of your opponent.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[37] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[38] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
 
 
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[40] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|1|lbl=79v}}
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[41] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[43] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, zucken and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
 
 
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[45] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[46] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
 
 
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[47] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[48] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[49] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|
 
| <p>[50] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 079v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|1|lbl=80r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}</p>
 
 
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[52] In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[54] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|1|lbl=80v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[55] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
 
 
<p>Before and after the two things<br/>teach testing wisely with springing away</p>
 
 
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
+
|
<p><br/><br/></p>
 
 
 
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[56] </p>
 
 
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[57] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[58] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}<br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 080v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|1|lbl=81r|p=1}}
 
 
<p>Follow all hits<br/>with strength if you will weaken him<br/>If he guards then disengage<br/>stab as he goes backward<br/>If he fights extended, <br/>then be artfully instructed</p>
 
 
 
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[59] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
 
 
<p>If he grabs on strong<br/>in the shot face him on</p>
 
 
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[61] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[62] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|1|lbl=81v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[63] When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
 
 
<p>If he shoots with the striking point<br/>Meet without force<br/>Teach to twist the point<br/>with both hands to the eyes</p>
 
 
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
+
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[65] The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[66] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[67] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[68] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[69] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 081v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|1|lbl=82r}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[70] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}</p>
 
 
<p>You must guard<br/>the forward foot with the strike</p>
 
 
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 082r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
|
 
| <p>[72] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 00:10, 23 October 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Period 15th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ein Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify Schirrmeister, a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially Schirmmeister, a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.[1] Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that he was connected in some way to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer—his name was included by Paulus Kal in his roll of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in ca. 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of Johannes Liechtenauer further narrows the list down to just two. If the MS 3227a is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, on the other hand, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate of H. Beringer) and the Fellowship of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored long sword fencing. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.

Stemma

While there are four texts commonly attributed to Ringeck, glosses of the three sections of the Recital of Johannes Liechtenauer (long sword fencing, short sword fencing, and fencing from horseback) as well as an addendum to the long sword material covering fencing from a low guard called side guard or iron gate, only the long sword gloss actually bears his name. The others are associated with Ringeck largely due to the previously mentioned misattribution of the entire MS Dresd.C.487 (Dresden), but this is not an entirely unreasonable attribution to make considering the other two glosses are always accompanied by Ringeck's long sword. All three glosses seem to be based on those of the anonymous author known as "pseudo-Peter von Danzig", which are attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig were the same person, and the gloss found below is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its attribution (though that can't be demonstrated with existing information).

Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the MS E.1939.65.341 (Glasgow) and MS Var.82 (Rostock) frequently refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that the Dresden's scribe attempted to remove all such references as he copied it (one remains intact,[5] one merely dropped the word "pictured",[6] and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"[7]).

Stemma codicum for Ringeck

The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just eight paragraphs added by Hans von Speyer as addenda to certain sections of the pseudo-Danzig gloss in his 1491 manuscript M.I.29 (Salzburg).[8] A ninth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut compliments pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.

The early 16th century saw three more versions created, two containing substantial portions of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,[4] and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.

The 1508[9] Gasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but like the Dresden it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the long sword gloss from the Dresden have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw, and only the first 6 paragraphs of the short sword gloss are included before the manuscript switches to the pseudo-Danzig gloss for the remainder of the verses. On the other hand, it contains the full gloss of the mounted fencing verse, including the half missing from the Dresden.

The third version from this period is another fragment, published by Freifechter Andre Paurñfeyndt in 1516 as part of his treatise Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey ("Foundation of the Chivalric Art of Swordplay")[10] and containing only the material on fencing from low guards; in characteristic fashion, Paurñfeyndt does not attribute this material to Ringeck. The section is illustrated by the same crude woodblock art as the rest of his book, though their connection to Ringeck's original text is doubtful. (Paurñfeyndt's text would be reprinted by Christian Egenolff four times between the 1530s and 1558,[11] transcribed by Lienhart Sollinger into the Cod. I.6.2º.2 in 1564,[12] and translated to Walloon and printed by Willem Vorsterman in 1538.[13])

The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, Paulus Hector Mair produced the Reichstadt Nr. 82 (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master Antonius Rast.[14] Included in this manuscript was a version of the pseudo-Danzig long sword gloss that was largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text (speculatively, perhaps the rest of Rast's copy of Ringeck was not among the papers Mair purchased and so he attempted to fill the gap using the copy of pseudo-Danzig that he owned).

The final version, Rostock, is third substantial one (along with Dresden and Glasgow); it was probably created in the 1560s and was owned by Freifechter Joachim Meÿer until his death in 1571.[15] It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke, and also omits the entire section on fencing from the low guards; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).

All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions as a group, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).

Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.

(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg,[16] which was acquired by Mair and bound into the Cod. I.6.2º.5 after 1566.[17] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including pseudo-Danzig and Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, but his writings primarily take the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it is not used in the translation below.)

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. For a different perspective, see Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. Dresden fol. 31r.
  6. Dresden fol. 20r.
  7. Dresden fol. 27r.
  8. MS M.I.29 is signed and internally dated on folio 158r.
  9. MS E.1939.65.341 is internally dated on folio 22r.
  10. Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey is internally dated on page K4r.
  11. The first three printings of Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche Kunst are undated, but the first edition must have been printed between 1531, when Egenolff set up his shop in Frankfurt-am-Main, and Hans Weiditz' death in 1537. The second and third editions were released some time before Egenolff's own death in 1555; in 1558, Egenolff's heirs published a fourth edition, dated on page XLVIIv of the fourth edition.
  12. The material in Cod. I.6.2º.2 based on Paurñfeyndt is internally dated on folio 71r
  13. La noble science des ioueurs d'espee is internally dated on page 35v.
  14. The origin of Reichstadt Nr. 82 is detailed on folio IIr.
  15. The only date, 1570, is given on folio 123 (between the first and second sections of Meyer's rapier text); the rest of the manuscript shows a few different hands and was likely compiled prior to its acquisition by Meyer. See Joachim Meyer. The Art of Combat. A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Trans. Jeffrey L. Forgeng. London: Frontline Books, 2014. pp 32-33.
  16. Medel's section of the Cod. I.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  17. The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  18. 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.40 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.50 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 18.58 18.59 18.60 18.61 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  19. "Known as" omitted from the Dresden.
  20. D. schirmaiste~, R. schiermeister.
  21. Count Palatine
  22. Duke
  23. "and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.
  24. Corrected from »am«.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  26. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  27. Lit: cut the cuts.
  28. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  29. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  30. 30.0 30.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  31. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  32. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  33. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  34. Alternately: weapons.
  35. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  36. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  37. Possibly "wages".
  38. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  39. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  40. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  41. R. "the".
  42. 42.00 42.01 42.02 42.03 42.04 42.05 42.06 42.07 42.08 42.09 42.10 42.11 42.12 42.13 42.14 42.15 42.16 42.17 42.18 42.19 42.20 42.21 42.22 42.23 42.24 42.25 42.26 42.27 42.28 42.29 42.30 42.31 42.32 42.33 42.34 42.35 42.36 42.37 42.38 42.39 42.40 42.41 42.42 42.43 42.44 42.45 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  43. 43.0 43.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  44. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (set-aside).
  45. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 D. "the".
  47. D. bind: "bind-in".
  48. R. Jun ger [sic].
  49. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  50. D. hurten: "to rush".
  51. "The cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.
  52. "Nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 54.6 54.7 54.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  55. 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 55.11 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  56. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  57. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 17rv
  58. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  59. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  60. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  61. Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  62. Alternately: part, piece.
  63. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  64. 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  65. Sic, lit. "your".
  66. "The opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  67. S. "the over- or under-cut".
  68. Possibly "it".
  69. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  70. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~, "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".
  71. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  72. Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.
  73. Rostock begins again at this point.
  74. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  75. D. "above"
  76. S. "so".
  77. "When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.
  78. Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.
  79. R., S. "the crooked-cut".
  80. D. "you".
  81. R., S. "to".
  82. D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.
  83. S. "guard himself".
  84. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  85. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  86. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  87. D. "thwart".
  88. 88.0 88.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  89. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  90. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  91. "-Cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  92. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  93. 93.0 93.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  94. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 21v
  95. R. "wind".
  96. "With the over-cut" omitted from the Glasgow.
  97. R. unternn: "lower".
  98. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  99. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  100. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  101. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  102. "Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  103. G. twerhaw: "thwart-cut".
  104. R. "wind".
  105. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  106. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  107. Alternately: to turn around.
  108. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  109. D. "is".
  110. "With that… arms and" omitted from the Dresden.
  111. 111.0 111.1 D. "right".
  112. D. mit auß: "with from".
  113. As a thief would break into a house.
  114. 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  115. Word is doubled in the Glasgow.
  116. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  117. "Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock
  118. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  119. "With up-right arms" omitted from the Rostock.
  120. "And strike… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.
  121. 121.0 121.1 121.2 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  122. R. "pictured here".
  123. 123.00 123.01 123.02 123.03 123.04 123.05 123.06 123.07 123.08 123.09 123.10 123.11 123.12 123.13 123.14 123.15 123.16 123.17 123.18 123.19 123.20 123.21 123.22 123.23 123.24 123.25 123.26 123.27 123.28 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  124. Corrected from »seiner«.
  125. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  126. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  127. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  128. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  129. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  130. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  131. 131.0 131.1 131.2 131.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  132. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  133. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  134. "If he parries" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  135. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  136. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  137. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  138. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  139. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  140. G., R., S. "Item".
  141. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  142. "The point" omitted from the Salzburg.
  143. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  144. D., G., R. "you".
  145. D., G., S. "the".
  146. "In the parrying" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  147. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  148. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  149. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  150. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  151. R. "here".
  152. 152.0 152.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 28v
  153. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  154. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  155. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  156. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  157. 157.0 157.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  158. S. "well broken".
  159. "From the under-slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  160. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  161. Imperative of fliehen.
  162. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  163. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  164. 164.0 164.1 164.2 164.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  165. "With the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  166. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  167. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  168. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  169. G. "Guard yourself parrying crossed in front".
  170. D. instead continues "that the four parryings, they are the four cuts".
  171. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "parries".
  172. D. "oxen".
  173. S. Item
  174. R. "This is when one parries your over-cut"; S. "If your over-cut is parried and it comes nearing upon him".
  175. D. "in front of".
  176. G., S. versetzte: "parried".
  177. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  178. 178.0 178.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 31r
  179. "And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  180. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  181. 181.0 181.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  182. S. "also".
  183. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  184. D. "grasp with the sword".
  185. G. magst: "may".
  186. 186.0 186.1 186.2 G. "the".
  187. Alternately: defense.
  188. "A strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  189. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  190. 190.0 190.1 "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  191. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  192. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  193. Corrected from »dem«.
  194. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  195. R. "or".
  196. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  197. D. haw: "cut".
  198. Unclear. Can be meinen: to possess; minnen: to marry; minieren: to mine, to dig; minen: a mine, an underground passage used in a siege. I chose this last usage because of the military context and references to the lower openings. Not authoritative.
  199. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  200. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  201. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  202. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  203. S. "soft or hard".
  204. S. "feeling".
  205. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  206. D., G. gewar, S. ÿnnen.
  207. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), f 33v
  208. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  209. mitmachen: "join, unite, combine, participate".
  210. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  211. D. "Item".
  212. G. "note".
  213. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  214. Zucken has the connotation of pulling something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the pull.
  215. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  216. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  217. D. "(and with other plays)".
  218. 218.0 218.1 Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  219. 219.0 219.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  220. G. "next to this".
  221. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  222. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  223. Corrected from »dim«.
  224. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  225. D. "left hand inverted".
  226. 226.0 226.1 D. "your".
  227. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  228. 228.0 228.1 G. "his".
  229. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  230. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  231. Corrected from »sinem«.
  232. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  233. 233.0 233.1 233.2 233.3 Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  234. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  235. D. "A sword taking".
  236. Read: "attacks".
  237. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  238. 238.0 238.1 G. far: "drive".
  239. D. "Yet another slice".
  240. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  241. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  242. G. "your".
  243. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  244. "With the slice" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  245. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  246. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  247. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  248. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  249. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  250. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  251. 251.0 251.1 251.2 251.3 251.4 251.5 251.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  252. A. "and".
  253. 253.0 253.1 253.2 253.3 253.4 253.5 Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  254. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  255. 255.0 255.1 255.2 255.3 255.4 255.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  256. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  257. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  258. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  259. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  260. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  261. abziechen.
  262. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  263. "Too closely" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  264. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  265. A., D. "the".
  266. D. "cuts from above to below".
  267. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  268. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  269. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  270. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  271. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  272. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  273. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  274. Dresden reverses these.
  275. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  276. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  277. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  278. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  279. D. "understand".
  280. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  281. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  282. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  283. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  284. A. "over-windings-upon".
  285. A. "and".
  286. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  287. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  288. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  289. D. "wounder".
  290. D. nebenhůtten: "side-guard"; G. Eysenen pfort, "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.
  291. streichn.
  292. D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".
  293. wiewohl.
  294. G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."
  295. 295.00 295.01 295.02 295.03 295.04 295.05 295.06 295.07 295.08 295.09 295.10 295.11 295.12 295.13 295.14 295.15 295.16 Word omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  296. Clause omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  297. P. "from his right shoulder".
  298. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".
  299. einduplieren.
  300. 300.0 300.1 P. "ear".
  301. "As before" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  302. "-Around quickly" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  303. "The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  304. "And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.
  305. "-In straight" omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  306. "At hand" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  307. "To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.
  308. "Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  309. D. haüpt, G. kopf.
  310. "You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  311. stoß; this could either be to stab him or hit him.
  312. "Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  313. Word omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  314. P. farñ: "drive".
  315. "Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  316. "Behind his neck" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  317. Marginalia: The word schrit ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and schret ("a step or make a step") appears under.
  318. obenauf.
  319. D. "opposite".
  320. "As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  321. 321.0 321.1 Word omitted from the Glasgow and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  322. "In front" omitted from the Dresden.
  323. Alternately: "parrying(s)".
  324. næhe: "a boat without mast nor deck".
  325. Corrected from »dem«.
  326. Corrected from »dim«.
  327. P. "side-guard".
  328. "And from… stands forward" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  329. Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  330. P. "side-guard".
  331. See næhe above. It is not "the nach" (after) because nach is neuter and would be das nach. G. also writes die neche.
  332. "With that" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  333. P. "convenient".
  334. P. "then escape afterwards".
  335. "Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  336. 336.0 336.1 336.2 Clause omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  337. "To the other side" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  338. P. "So thwart in before to his neck".
  339. P. "From the wrath-cut".
  340. "Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  341. "With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  342. P. "arms".
  343. D., G. "will take".
  344. Sic, lit. "you".
  345. "And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  346. Corrected from »dinem«.
  347. Rostock text seems to match the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.
  348. Corrected from »geradt«.
  349. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.