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== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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The fourth book, on grappling, is laid out on the [[Nicolaes Petter]] page.
  
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
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! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf}}<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Verolini 1679 Title 1.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{red|b=1|The Artful Fencer}}
 
{{red|b=1|The Artful Fencer}}
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<p>I name the beginning the onset, when you set upon the man that you have in front of you. The middle, the working-amongst, or handiwork, when you remain in the bind or longer in your work against the opponent, and harass him with all swiftness. The end, the withdrawal, how a fighter can cut off and away from his opponent without harm.</p>
 
<p>I name the beginning the onset, when you set upon the man that you have in front of you. The middle, the working-amongst, or handiwork, when you remain in the bind or longer in your work against the opponent, and harass him with all swiftness. The end, the withdrawal, how a fighter can cut off and away from his opponent without harm.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|1|lbl=1}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|1|lbl=1.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>The onset in the beginning happens out of or from the guards with the cuts, which are twofold, namely the main guards and the secondary guards, that arise from the main guards.</p>
 
| <p>The onset in the beginning happens out of or from the guards with the cuts, which are twofold, namely the main guards and the secondary guards, that arise from the main guards.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|2|lbl=1.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>There are four main guards, the Tag or Upper-ward, the Ochs, the Olber, and the Pflug. There are eight secondary guards: Wrath-ward, Break-window, Long-point, Barrier-ward, Unicorn, Key, Iron-gate, Change. But as far as the sword is concerned the cuts are in two sorts, which two are generally named the straight and reverse cuts. The first are called the main or principal cuts, from which all other cuts have their origin, and of these there are four: Upper-, Under-, Middle- and Wrath-cut. The others are called the secondary, or derived cuts, and there are twelve of them, namely Squint-, Crooked-, Shorten-, Glinting-, Bruising-; single and double, Blinding-, Winding-, Crown-, Knuckle-, Plunge-, and Change-cut. From these two are taken the true Master-cuts, which are named so because all masterly and artful devices with the sword are grasped and completed in these, namely Wrath-, Crooked-, Athwart-, Squint-, and Crest-cut. And of all these I will clearly bring to the light how to complete and perform them in their description, when I come to the onset, and speak of the cuts.</p>
+
| <p>There are four main guards, the ''Tag'' or Upper-ward, the ''Ochs'', the ''Olber'', and the ''Pflug''. There are eight secondary guards: Wrath-ward, Break-window, Long-point, Barrier-ward, Unicorn, Key, Iron-gate, Change. But as far as the sword is concerned the cuts are in two sorts, which two are generally named the straight and reverse cuts. The first are called the main or principal cuts, from which all other cuts have their origin, and of these there are four: Upper-, Under-, Middle- and Wrath-cut. The others are called the secondary, or derived cuts, and there are twelve of them, namely Squint-, Crooked-, Shorten-, Glinting-, Bruising-; single and double, Blinding-, Winding-, Crown-, Knuckle-, Plunge-, and Change-cut. From these two are taken the true Master-cuts, which are named so because all masterly and artful devices with the sword are grasped and completed in these, namely Wrath-, Crooked-, Athwart-, Squint-, and Crest-cut. And of all these I will clearly bring to the light how to complete and perform them in their description, when I come to the onset, and speak of the cuts.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|3|lbl=1.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>The handiwork in the middle contains the greatest art, and all swiftness that can occur in fencing. Since this does not only indicate, how you shall bind the sword, wind, change, deceive, travel after, slice, double, let it run off, or in which manner you shall strike around, sling, slide in front, set aside, pull and jerk, block, grapple, run in, throw and press after</p>
 
| <p>The handiwork in the middle contains the greatest art, and all swiftness that can occur in fencing. Since this does not only indicate, how you shall bind the sword, wind, change, deceive, travel after, slice, double, let it run off, or in which manner you shall strike around, sling, slide in front, set aside, pull and jerk, block, grapple, run in, throw and press after</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|4|lbl=1.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| <p>'''Of the man and his division.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Of the man and his division.'''</p>
  
 
<p>The man is divided into four parts, namely the above and under, and each of these in right and left. How the appearance of someone indicates what parts of him are above and below, and left and right, is explained by the image in Figure A.</p>
 
<p>The man is divided into four parts, namely the above and under, and each of these in right and left. How the appearance of someone indicates what parts of him are above and below, and left and right, is explained by the image in Figure A.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|5|lbl=1.5}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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<p>The blade has two divisions. The first is into the strong and weak. The second into the short and long edge, i.e. front and back.</p>
 
<p>The blade has two divisions. The first is into the strong and weak. The second into the short and long edge, i.e. front and back.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|6|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|6|lbl=1.6}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>The part from the cross or hilt to the middle of the blade is named the strong of the sword. The weak is from the middle to the end of the same.</p>
 
| <p>The part from the cross or hilt to the middle of the blade is named the strong of the sword. The weak is from the middle to the end of the same.</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|7|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|7|lbl=1.7}}
 +
 
 +
|-  
 +
| rowspan="5" | [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>In general the sword has four parts as can be seen in Figure A.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|8|lbl=1.8}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The first is named the hilt, and contains the pommel and cross. Expedient for grappling, gripping, and throwing.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|9|lbl=1.9}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The second, the strong, is useful for slicing, winding, pushing and what is fenced from the strong.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|1|lbl=2.1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The third part is the middle, which is used on every occasion.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|2|lbl=2.2}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The fourth is the weak, for changing through, flicking, slinging, for which you will have examples, then.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|3|lbl=2.3}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Of the guards or wards.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The wards and guards are graceful, in which the fencer positions and sets himself in the place before his opponent comes to him, so that he is not rushed unforeseen, and injured by him, setting himself against the counterpart. As a man is divided into four quarters, high, low, left, and right, there are likewise four openings in which to hit the opponent mainly. And as there are four openings, there are likewise four main guards or wards, from which all the others derive and arise, as there are ''Ochs'', ''Pflug'', ''Tag'' and ''Olber''. But the others, that have originated from these, are Wrath-ward, Long-point, Change, Side-ward, Iron-gate, Hanging-point, Key, Unicorn, which then will be treated orderly and briefly.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|4|lbl=2.4}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''''Ochs.'''''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The upper part of a man is assigned to the ''Ochs'', and as that part has two quarters, the right and the left, the guard of ''Ochs'' can also be divided into two, as is demonstrated in Figure B.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|5|lbl=2.5}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''''Pflug.'''''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The lower part of a man is dedicated to the ''Pflug'', and like that part has two quarters, the right and the left, hence the ''Pflug'' is also called the right and the left, or the point in the man’s face is also the right ''Pflug'' in the conceived Figure B.</p>
 +
</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|6|lbl=2.6}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword C.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''''Tag.'''''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand with your left foot in front, hold your sword high over your head, as in the Figure B.<ref>This is a typo and should be Figure C.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|7|lbl=2.7}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword C.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''''Olber.'''''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand with the left foot in front, hold your sword with the point stretched out in front of you to the ground, in front of your front foot, so that the short edge is above, the long below. Thus you stand well in this ward, as you can see in Figure C.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|8|lbl=2.8}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword E.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Wrath-ward.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand with your left foot in front, hold your sword on the right shoulder, see Figure E.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|9|lbl=2.9}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Long-point.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand with your left foot in front, hold your weapon with outstretched arms, long in front of your face, as Figure A teaches you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|10|lbl=2.10}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword D.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Change.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand with your right foot in front, hold your weapon with the weak to the ground next to you stretched out to the side, as in Figure D.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|11|lbl=2.11}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword F.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Side-ward.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Stand with the left foot in front, hold your sword next to your right, with the point to the ground, as in Figure [F].<ref>This should be Figure F. Note that the fencer standing in Side-ward in this figure grips the ricasso with his right hand.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|12|lbl=2.12}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword F.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Iron-gate.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Stand with your right foot in front, hold your sword with the hilt in front of your knee, with strong<ref name="three">It is not unlikely that instead of starck (“strong”), strack (“straight”) was meant here.</ref> hanging arms, as can be seen in Figure F.<ref>Iron-gate is not shown here (see also [[Joachim Meyer|Meyer]], 1570).</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|13|lbl=2.13}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Hanging-point.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>This guard is almost completely of the same shape as the ''Ochs'', except that in the ''Ochs'' you hold the arm strongly<ref name="three"/> up high, as in Figure B.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|14|lbl=2.14}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword D.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Key.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Stand with your left foot in front, and hold your sword with the hilt and crossed hands in front of your breast, as in Figure D.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|15|lbl=2.15}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword E.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Unicorn.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Come into the onset with the left foot in front. Wing up from both sides, as if you want to set yourself in the aforementioned Key, as in Figure E.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|16|lbl=2.16}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Dussack A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Of the guards.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Firstly, when you do the Upper- or Crest-cut, you will find three guards, as in the beginning you are in ''Tag'', in the middle in Long-point, at the end in ''Olber'', thus from the top down you have three wards or guards from A. and E. When you go up again from below with crossed hands to the displacement, you again find three guards. Namely at the beginning Iron-gate, in the middle the ''Hangort'', at the end upwards at full height the Unicorn. If you pull your sword with the hilt in front of the breast, so that the half edge lies on your left arm, then you stand in Key. Thus you can go up and down in the line A. and E. from one guard into the other.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>In general the sword has four parts as can be seen in Figure A.</p>
+
{{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/12|17|lbl=2.17|p=1}} {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|1|lbl=3.1|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|8|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Dussack A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>Of the other Lines, which strike diagonally downwards through the right Line, there are two. One that strikes from the right upper quarter, indicated with H. and D., and the other which goes from the left upper part to the right lower part, demonstrated in B.F. You can now cut through which you want. If you then pull the strike up again with the long edge, then you again go through three guards, as at the beginning there is the Side-ward, in the middle again the Long-point, and in the end upwards the Unicorn. If you strike one through the above-mentioned Line, it can be from which side you want, then you come from the Change, through the Long-point, into the Wrath-ward. In striking up, you can also turn your sword in the Hanging-point, from which you come into the ward of ''Ochs'' when you go further upwards. Thus you always find at least three guards whenever you go through one of the demonstrated Lines.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|2|lbl=3.2}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>But a good fencer will not habituate to wait long in his guard, but as soon as he can reach an opponent, he will attack him, and fence out his intended device.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|3|lbl=3.3}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Dussack A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Middle- or Across-cut.'''<ref>''Überzwerch'' is somewhat tricky to translate. It literally means “across” and thus indicates a movement or position crossing the centre line between the fighters. However, in some cases it could also be translated as “horizontal”. Here, we have chosen to consistenly translate as “across”.</ref></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The Middle- or Across-cut can almost completely be performed as the Wrath-cut, only this is the difference that the Wrath-cut is performed diagonally over the point, but this one across, as recorded in the Figures C. and G.<ref>This is an error, and intended to refer to the G-C line on the cutting diagram.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|4|lbl=3.4}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Undercut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Cut across from below, to his left arm, so that with your cross you come high above your head, as in Figure B.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|5|lbl=3.5}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword Ga.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Squint-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Set yourself in the ward of the Tag or the Wrath-ward with the left foot in front. If someone cuts at you, then cut against it, but in the strike turn your short edge against his strike, as in Figure G.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|6|lbl=3.6}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword D.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Crooked-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Stand in the Wrath-ward with the left foot in front. If your opponent cuts at you, then step with your right foot in front, cut with the long edge against his cut, between his head and his blade, as in Figure D.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|7|lbl=3.7}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword E.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Athwart-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Place yourself in the Wrath-ward on the right side. Set your left foot in front, hold your sword on your right shoulder, as in Figure H.<ref>This is a typo and should be Figure E.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|8|lbl=3.8}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Shorten-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Strike with the half edge and crossed arms over his right arm to the head, as in Figure B.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|9|lbl=3.9}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword K.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
 
 +
[[File:Verolini 1679 Sword I.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Bruising-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When your counterpart cuts at you from above, then meet his strike with an Athwart-cut, as recorded in Figure K and I.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|10|lbl=3.10}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword E.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Winding-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If your counterpart cuts at you from above, then cut from below with crossed hands, from your left to his sword, as in Figure H.<ref>Maybe also E.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|11|lbl=3.11}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Crown-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When your counterpart cuts at you from above, then go upwards with the cross across, catch him his strike in the air on your shield or crossbar.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|12|lbl=3.12}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Knuckle-cut, Plunge-cut, Change-cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The Change-cut is nothing else than always alternating the cuts before the man from one side to the other, from above to below, and back again, to make him err.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|13|lbl=3.13}}
 +
 
 +
|-  
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Shooting or Provoke-touching.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Shooting or Provoke-touching are almost one thing, which actually are not cuts that are cut but flicked.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/13|14|lbl=3.14}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The first is named the hilt, and contains the pommel and cross. Expedient for grappling, gripping, and throwing.</p>
+
| <p>'''Handiwork.'''</p>
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/11|9|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>The full handiwork consists mainly of binding or staying, traveling after, slicing, striking around, running around, deceiving, flitting, setting aside, displacing, pulling, doubling, reversing, snapping, feinting, looping circles, winding, winding through, changing, Changing through, slicing off, pressing hands, sliding in front, hanging, wrenching out, barring, blocking, gripping over, running in, etc.</p>
 +
 
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|1|lbl=4.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The second, the strong, is useful for slicing, winding, pushing and what is fenced from the strong.</p>
+
| <p>'''Binding, staying, feeling.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Is when the swords touch one another. Staying is twofold, when the swords held to each other, to see how the man wants to fight etc.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|2|lbl=4.2}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>'''Slicing.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>After you have received your opponent's sword with the bind, you will remain on there, to feel if he wants to go from the bind, or strike around. Let it fly, and before he can recover, you cut to the nearest opening.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|3|lbl=4.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The third part is the middle, which is used on every occasion.</p>
+
| <p>'''Striking around.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you are bound from your right against his left, and you go away again that bind, to strike around or flick to to the other side.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|4|lbl=4.4}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>'''Deceiving.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you show yourself with gestures as if you want to onset an opening on your counterpart, but you do not do it, and strike the strike in to another opening.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|5|lbl=4.5}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>If your counterpart cuts at you from above, then step and from your right side, with a Middle-cut across, cutting his strike away from you with the long edge as it flies in, then through so that your blade flies around again, with the half edge against his left ear, as can be seen in Figure A.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|6|lbl=4.6}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword K.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>In the taking-out course, let your blade, in one flight, fly with an Athwart-cut above around your head, against his left ear. Then pull your sword around your head again, and with the outside flat cut a strongly swung in strike on the outside to his right ear, as you see this flat strike painted in the large image on the right hand side in Figure K.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|7|lbl=4.7}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword F.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Hanging-point.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>In the onset strike through powerfully from your left side upwards against his face, in one wheel once, twice, and the third time, however, always let your sword swing in front of your face, or turn into the Hanging-point, as the image on the right hand side in Figure F here presented teaches you.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|8|lbl=4.8}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword M.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Break-window.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>If someone cuts from above, then cut against this from your left from below with the long edge, and when he takes his sword off yours again, and thus drives with his arms upwards, then in the meantime grip with your fingers over your cross on the blade, and drive with your blade over both his arms, as you see this on Figure M.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|9|lbl=4.9}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword Ga.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>Step in haste, and cut in from below to his left side, so that your hands stay high. With this you force him to either displace you from his guard, or to cut in at the same time with a step back. If he then cuts, then note the moment the swords beat together, and pull around the head, and cut in to his right ear in one swing with crossed hands, with the short edge, as this Figure G. shows.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|10|lbl=4.10}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword O.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''A fine device from the reversing.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>In the onset note and watch out for when your opponent rises before you. Then step and cut from your left side with the short edge and crossed hands to or over the right arm, but in this Crooked-cut step well to him, reverse your sword and wrench out downwards, on your right side. If he works upwards with his arms so that you can force him downwards, then drive with the pommel from inside between both his arms, loosen your left hand from the hilt, and with that grip your sword’s blade, and wrench out upwards, as Figure O. demonstrates.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|11|lbl=4.11}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword L.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>'''Counter for the Athwart-cut.'''</p>
 +
 +
<p>When you bind with someone from above, or cut in at the same time with him, then see whether he wants to strike around with the Athwart-cut. While he strikes around, preempt with the Athwart-cut below his blade to his neck, as Figure L. demonstrates.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|12|lbl=4.12}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Verolini 1679 Sword N.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 +
| <p>Item, if he cuts-Athwart from below, so that you cannot come under it, then catch his Athwart-cut on your shield with a sliding in front, and thrust your pommel well from you above your right arm, and turn him the long edge over his blade on the outside up from below to the head, as can be seen in Figure N.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|13|lbl=4.13}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The fourth is the weak, for changing through, flicking, slinging, for which you will have examples, then.</p>
+
| <p>'''A breaking for all Upper-cuts.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>While you wind out the Under-cut through an Upper-cut against his face, in the same moment, step with the left foot further out to the left side back behind yourself. Then in stepping back, cut him through his face. Now, when this Under-cut with the stepping out, and winding out is performed and completed skillfully in one go, then it will go safely and well for you. From this Winding-cut many other and beautiful devices are taken and pulled off.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|14|lbl=4.14}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>'''End of the sword.'''</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf/14|15|lbl=4.15}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 2 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf}}<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
  
 
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|-  
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! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 3 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf}}<br/>by [[András Berki]]</p>
  
 
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|-  
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{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Illustrations
 
  | work        = Illustrations
  | authors    = [[Herzog August Bibliothek]]
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  | authors    =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= HROARR: [http://hroarr.com/manuals/liechtenauer/verolini-theodori-hn-35-4f-1s-1679.zip A] [http://hroarr.com/manuals/liechtenauer/verolini-theodori-hn-35-4f-2s-1679.zip B] [http://hroarr.com/manuals/liechtenauer/verolini-theodori-hn-35-4f-3s-1679.zip C] [http://hroarr.com/manuals/liechtenauer/verolini-theodori-hn-35-4f-4s-1679.zip D]
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  | source title= Herzog August Bibliothek [https://diglib.hab.de/drucke/hn-4f-35-4s/start.htm Vol 1-3]{{dot}} [https://diglib.hab.de/drucke/hn-4f-35-4s/start.htm Vol 4]
 
  | license    = default
 
  | license    = default
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
  | authors    =  
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  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
  | source link =  
+
  | source link = http://www.bruchius.com/docs/Verolini%20translation%20by%20RvN.pdf
  | source title=  
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  | source title= Ense et Mente
  | license    =  
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  | license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Transcription
 
  | work        = Transcription
 
  | authors    = [[András Berki]]
 
  | authors    = [[András Berki]]
  | source link = http://www.hemac.org/data/Theodori%20Verolini%20transcription%20by%20Andras%20Berki.pdf
+
  | source link =  
| source title= Historical European Martial Arts Coalition
+
| source title= [[Index:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 1 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf]]<br/>[[Index:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 2 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf]]<br/>[[Index:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 3 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf]]<br/>[[Index:Der Kůnstliche Fechter vol. 4 (Theodori Verolini) 1679.pdf]]
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
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{{sourcebox footer}}
  
'''Additional Transcription Notes:''' The following document is a digital version of the transcription or translation of an existing historical document or manuscript. It is provided in a Portable Document Format (PDF) for the purpose of making it freely available to the public.
+
'''Additional Translation Notes:''' Copyright 2015 by Reinier van Noort. Subject to Fair Use. Users may, without further permission, display, save, and print this work for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the copyright notice is not severed from the work. Libraries may store this material and non-commercially redistribute it to their patrons in electronic or printed form for personal, non-commercial use, provided that the copyright notice is not severed from the work.
 
 
Feel free to redistribute unaltered copies of this document via electronic means. You may not, however, alter the document without permission nor profit from its redistribution.
 
 
 
For further information visit the following link:
 
  
http://hemac.org<section end="sourcebox"/>
+
'''Additional Transcription Notes:''' The following document is a digital version of the transcription or translation of an existing historical document or manuscript. It is provided in a Portable Document Format (PDF) for the purpose of making it freely available to the public. Feel free to redistribute unaltered copies of this document via electronic means. You may not, however, alter the document without permission nor profit from its redistribution. For further information visit the following link: http://hemac.org<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
  
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
 
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
  
{{reflist}}
+
{{reflist|4}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT: Verolini, Theodori}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT: Verolini, Theodori}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}

Latest revision as of 01:37, 19 October 2023

Theodori Verolini
Born 17th century
Died after 1679
Occupation Fencing master
Movement Freifechter
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language New High German
Notable work(s) Der Kůnstliche Fechter (1679)

Theodori Verolini (Theodorus Verolinus) was a 17th century German Freifechter. Little is known about this master's life, but in 1679, he published a fencing manual entitled Der Kůnstliche Fechter ("The Artful Fencer"), a brief overview of the teachings of Joachim Meÿer, possibly via Jakob Sutor von Baden, in addition to the complete grappling teachings of Nicolaes Petter (uncredited in both cases).

Treatise

The fourth book, on grappling, is laid out on the Nicolaes Petter page.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

None.

References

  1. This is a typo and should be Figure C.
  2. This should be Figure F. Note that the fencer standing in Side-ward in this figure grips the ricasso with his right hand.
  3. 3.0 3.1 It is not unlikely that instead of starck (“strong”), strack (“straight”) was meant here.
  4. Iron-gate is not shown here (see also Meyer, 1570).
  5. Überzwerch is somewhat tricky to translate. It literally means “across” and thus indicates a movement or position crossing the centre line between the fighters. However, in some cases it could also be translated as “horizontal”. Here, we have chosen to consistenly translate as “across”.
  6. This is an error, and intended to refer to the G-C line on the cutting diagram.
  7. This is a typo and should be Figure E.
  8. Maybe also E.