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{{infobox writer
 
{{infobox writer
| name                = Jörg Wilhalm Hutter
+
| name                = [[name::Federico Ghisliero]]
| image                = File:Jörg Wilhalm Hutter.png
+
| image                = File:Ghisliero portrait.jpg
 
| imagesize            = 250px
 
| imagesize            = 250px
 
| caption              =  
 
| caption              =  
Line 7: Line 7:
 
| pseudonym            =  
 
| pseudonym            =  
 
| birthname            =  
 
| birthname            =  
| birthdate            = 15th century
+
| birthdate            =  
 
| birthplace          =  
 
| birthplace          =  
| deathdate            = 16th century
+
| deathdate            = 1619
| deathplace          =  
+
| deathplace          = Turino
| resting_place        =
+
| occupation          = [[occupation::Soldier]]  
| occupation          = {{plainlist
 
| [[Fencing master]]
 
| Hatter
 
}}
 
 
| nationality          =  
 
| nationality          =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
| citizenship          = Augsburg, Germany
+
| citizenship          = Bologna
 
| education            =  
 
| education            =  
 
| alma_mater          =  
 
| alma_mater          =  
 
| patron              =  
 
| patron              =  
  
 +
| spouse              =
 +
| children            =
 +
| relatives            =
 
| period              =  
 
| period              =  
 +
| movement            =
 +
| influences          = {{plainlist
 +
| [[Camillo Agrippa]]
 +
| [[Giovanni dall'Agocchie]] (?)
 +
| [[Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza]] (?)
 +
}}
 +
| influenced          =
 +
 
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
 
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
| language            = [[Early New High German]]
+
| language            = [[language::Italian]]
| subject              =
+
| notableworks        = ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' (1587)
| movement            = Augsburg tradition
+
| archetype            =
| notableworks        = ''Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu<br/>Augspurg''
+
| manuscript(s)        = M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)
| archetype            = {{plainlist
 
| [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cod.I.6.4º.5)|Cod. I.6.4º.5]] (1522)
 
| [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cod.I.6.2º.3)|Cod. I.6.2º.3]] (1522)
 
| [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. I.6.2º.2]] (1523)
 
}}
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 
| [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|Cgm 3711]] (1523)
 
| [[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|MS E.1939.65.354]] (1533)
 
| [[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Cgm 3712]] (1556)
 
| [[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º]] (1588)
 
| [[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º]] (ca.&nbsp;1600)
 
| [[Unterschiedliche die Dressur und Aufzäumung der Pferde erläuternde Zeichnungen (Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º]] (ca.&nbsp;1600)
 
| [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|MS KK5247]] (ca.&nbsp;1600)  
 
}}
 
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| first printed edition=  
 
| first printed edition=  
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[user:Michael Chidester|Michael Chidester]]
+
| wiktenauer compilation by=
  
| spouse              =
+
| signature            =  
| partner              =
+
| translations        =  
| children            =
 
| relatives            =
 
| influences          = {{plainlist
 
| [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
 
| [[Nicolaüs Augsburger]]
 
}}
 
| influenced          = {{plainlist
 
| [[Gregor Erhart]]
 
| [[Paulus Hector Mair]]
 
}}
 
| awards              =
 
| signature            = [[File:Jörg Wilhalm Hutter sig.jpg|170px]]
 
| website              =  
 
 
| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Jörg Wilhalm Hutter''' was a 16th century [[German]] [[fencing master]]. In addition to his fencing practice, his surname signifies that he was a hatter by trade, a fact that is confirmed in the tax records of Augsburg, Germany in 1501, 1504, and 1516.
+
'''Federico Ghisliero''' (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under [[Silvio Piccolomini]]. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.
 
 
Four works are commonly attributed to Hutter: on unarmored [[longsword]] fencing in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], on [[armored fencing|armored]] and [[mounted fencing|mounted dueling]] that appear to be based on those of the early 15th century (relying on armor designs that were obsolete by the 1520s), and a series of 32 uncaptioned illustrations portraying scenes of judicial combat. However, it is unclear if Hutter authored all of these works or, like [[Lienhart Sollinger]] and [[Paulus Hector Mair]] after him, merely compiled existing works together and placed his name on them as an owner's mark. The development of the armored dueling treatises can be traced through a draftbook and rough early annotated copy, but the same is not true of the unarmored longsword, which appears to be based on the [[Cluny Fechtbuch (Cl. 23842)|MS Cl. 23842]] from the 1490s and is accompanied by a version of the [[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss that [[Gregor Erhart]] attributes to one Nicolaüs and dates to 1489.
 
 
 
There are three extant manuscripts of Hutter's treatises created between 1522 and 1523, all now residing in Augsburg (along with most of the rest of Paulus Hector Mair's collection). The apparent oldest of Hutter's manuscripts, [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cod.I.6.4º.5)|Cod.I.6.4º.5]], consists of numbered but uncaptioned illustrations of armored dueling on horse and on foot, and is dated to 1522. The same year saw the completion of the [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cod.I.6.2º.3)|Cod.I.6.2º.3]], which includes the same illustrations but adds written instructions to the plays; for this reason, Hils assumed the former was the draftbook used to develop the latter. In 1523, Hutter seems to have created an accompanying longsword treatise, preserved in the [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod.I.6.2º.2]].
 
  
Some time soon after this, all three of Hutter's prior works, along a new series of 32 uncaptioned illustrations of dueling, were compiled into the [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|Cgm 3711]]. This manuscript has some oddities not found in the others, including carnival costumes on some of the fighters and a pretzel salesman appearing in the illustration on [[Page:Cgm 3711 11r.jpg|folio 11r]]. It's currently unclear whether Hutter was involved in the creation of this manuscript or not, but it appears to be a presentation copy of the collected works and includes content unique to each of the three earlier manuscripts. Hutter's longsword treatise was also copied by sculptor Gregor Erhart into the [[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|MS E.1939.65.354]] in 1533, though it's currently unclear which source he based it on.<noinclude>
+
In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.
  
Most copies of Hutter's treatises were eventually acquired by Freifechter and collector Lienhart Sollinger. Cgm 3711 was a source for his [[Lienhart Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cgm 3712)|Cgm 3712]] (1556) and [[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º]] (1588), and the former also seems to have drawn heavily from MS E.1939.65.354. Sollinger, in turn, sold several of these works to [[Paulus Hector Mair]]: the Cod.I.6.2º.2 in 1544, the Cod.I.6.4º.5 in 1552, the MS E.1939.65.354 in 1560, and the Cod.I.6.2º.3 in 1561. Hutter's draftbook in particular was apparently used as the primary source for Mair's writings on armored dueling (preserved in three manuscripts in the 1540s and 50s); owing to its lack of text, Mair inserted his own descriptions of the plays—descriptions which diverge noticeably from Hutter's own explanations.
+
Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the ''Vitruvian Man'' in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.
  
A final set of three copies of Hutter's work, including [[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º]], [[Unterschiedliche die Dressur und Aufzäumung der Pferde erläuternde Zeichnungen (Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º]], and [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|MS KK5247]], were prepared by Jeremias Schemel von Augsburg at the end of the 16th century as part of a massive compilation of treatises on horsemanship which also included discussion of riding, dressage, and jousting. These manuscripts contain Hutter's original text (unlike Mair's version), but the elaborate artwork includes details from multiple prior versions of Hutter's work, suggesting that Schemel's source manuscript may remain to be discovered.</noinclude>
+
Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.
  
([[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter|Read more]]…)
+
([[Federico Ghisliero|Read more]]…)
  
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Latest revision as of 00:51, 29 March 2024

Federico Ghisliero
Died 1619
Turino
Occupation Soldier
Citizenship Bologna
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (1587)
Manuscript(s) M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)

Federico Ghisliero (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under Silvio Piccolomini. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.

In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.

Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the Vitruvian Man in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.

Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.

(Read more…)

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