View source for Paride del Pozzo

{{Infobox writer
| name                 = [[name::Paride del Pozzo]]
| image                = File:Pozzo title image.png
| imagesize            = 250px
| caption              = 

| pseudonym            = 
| also known as        = Paridis de Puteo
| birthname            = 
| birthdate            = 1410
| birthplace           = Pimonte
| deathdate            = 1493
| deathplace           = Napoli
| resting_place        = Chiesa d'Sant Agostino
| occupation           = [[occupation::Jurist]]
| language             = {{plainlist
 | [[language::Italian]]
 | [[language::Renaissance Latin]]
}}
| nationality          = 
| ethnicity            = 
| citizenship          = Neapolitan
| education            = 
| alma_mater           = University of Naples
| patron               = Alfonso V of Aragon

| period               = 
| genre                = Legal treatise
| subject              = 
| movement             = 
| notableworks         = ''[[De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)|De duello]]'' (1476)
| manuscript(s)        = 
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition= 
| wiktenauer compilation by=

| spouse               = 
| partner              = 
| children             = 
| relatives            = 
| influences           = 
| influenced           = [[Achilles Marozzo]]
| awards               = 
| signature            = 
| website              = 
| translations         = 
| below                = 
}}
'''Paride del Pozzo''' (called '''il Puteo'''; Latin: ''Paridis'' or ''Paris de Puteo'') (1410-1493) was [[century::15th century]] Italian jurist. He was born in Pimonte in the Duchy of Amalfi, from a family of Piedmontese origin.<ref>According to Pietro Giannone, the family was originally from Alexandria, forced to continue moving due to political struggles.</ref> He moved to Napoli early in life, where he began his study of the law; he went on to study at universities in Roma, Bologna, Firenze, and Perugia. Upon his return to Napoli, he entered the service of Alfonso V of Aragon ("the Magnanimous"), king of Napoli, and served in positions including General Auditor and General Inquisitor.

Later in his career, Pozzo wrote and published various legal treatises; perhaps owing to their position at the very beginning of the history of printing, they were reprinted many times over the subsequent century. In 1472-73, he published ''De syndicatu officialium'', a treatise on forensic evidence. He followed this in 1476-77 with ''[[De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)|De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine]]'' ("On the Duel, or On Military Matters in Single Combat"). This treatise is particularly important due to its detailed descriptions of dueling laws and customs, which help establish the context of 15th century fighting systems, and also of incidents from specific historical duels, which shed light on how fighting looked in practice.

Pozzo died in 1493 and was buried in the Chiesa d'Sant Agostino in Napoli.

== Treatise ==

{{master begin
 | title = ''De Duello''
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! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)|First Edition]] [Latin] (1476){{edit index|De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf}}<br/>by [[Kendra Brown]]</p>
! <p>Italian Translation (1521){{edit index|Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>Spanish Translation (1544){{edit index|Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>English Translation (1580){{edit index|Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)}}<br/>by [[David Kite]]</p>

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{{master subsection end}}

{{master subsection begin
 | title = Book 4 - On Armaments
 | width = 150em
}}
{| class="floated master"
|- 
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)|First Edition]] [Latin] (1476){{edit index|De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf}}<br/>by [[Kendra Brown]]</p>
! <p>Italian Translation (1521){{edit index|Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>Spanish Translation (1544){{edit index|Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>English Translation (1580){{edit index|Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)}}<br/>by [[David Kite]]</p>

|- 
| <p>'''The fourth book begins, in which is treated the selection of armaments. Chapter 1.'''</p>

<p>In the first chapter of the present book, it is written whether the weapons of those who are challenged by pledge of battle should follow the covenant of engagement signed between them (such as lance, sword, dagger, iron-shod mace, axe,<ref>"Axe" omitted from all editions except the first.</ref> or whichever other arms, according to the decision that they should fight). Or it is lawful for each of them to carry, apart from the appointed weapons, other small arms such as knives and stilettos, with which they might prevail if necessary despite not being named or covenanted between them. And similarly, in battle on foot one may bring long weapons and also short weapons (such as bodkins and spikes and similar instruments of battle).</p>

<p>However, some are wont to measure the weapons, and others do not care if they be equal. But when the battle is made to the death, every manner of weapon may be carried even if it be not specified in the covenant. And in the case that the challenged had not made a choice of weapons, it will be left to each of the two to carry the weapons that they want for the battle. Because Emperor Federico described in the constitution of the Kingdom of Sicily that the weapons be equal. However, by common custom whichever of them wishes may use whichever weapon seems best (not contravening the pact and covenant between them).</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 048r.png|1|lbl=48r}}

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| <p>And as it is narrated about one of our Neapolitans who, lightly armed, made to carry into the list a certain quantity of smooth, round, and small rocks to cast by hand, which so injured his enemy and in this manner offended him that after the first throws he was overthrown and defeated, just as did the king David to the giant Goliath, who he killed with stones.</p>

<p>It is also narrated of another knight, who carried a quantity of javelins into the list, which he placed in the ground at various points, with which he assaulted his opponent whenever he threw one, and then retreated whenever he was attacked, and in this way he remained the victor.</p>

<p>And because of this it is declared that the enemy should, with all subtle industry and ingenuity, seek to defeat whatever he decides to do against you, and you against him. For to strive with all advantage to work for salvation of life is desired by all generations of animals, but when fighting for love or for vow or for showing virtue, one should continue according to the covenant of the match, or agreement, without any advantage of either side, because the ancient proverb says "For love are great things done, and guard against any advantage that you receive no harm".</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 048v.png|2|lbl=-}}

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| <p>'''Chapter 3: When two knights decide to fight with swords, without other military armaments'''</p>

<p>It brings to mind two knights who, having pledged for battle, obtained a field from a prince. They had decided an agreement to fight unarmed apart from swords and without any body armor, and with this, each one would show their mettle in defending their cause/right, and in order to defend their lives they would put themselves in a state such that each had the semblance of a raving dragon. Seeing this, on the appointed day [the prince] did not want the battle to be made, seeing that it was more suitable for vile butchers than for valorous knights, and for this work and provision<ref>It: sententiousness</ref> the prince was highly praised. And in a similar case for the worthy prince, he would not permit such a battle except with military weapons, fighting at least partially armored (and partially unarmored).</p>

<p>Combat without all the armaments necessary for military exercise is not pertinent to good knights, and likewise good knights in the field are wont on occasion, in similar endeavors, to exercise their valorous persons in order to show their strength, and to defend their justice. And it is described in Lombard law that battle between knights should not be made with sticks, nor with stones$mdash;unless there be contrary testimonies, then in that hour they should fight with sticks and shields in order to prove which of them had spoken the truth.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049r.png|1|lbl=49r}}

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| <p>It happened that two Ultramontane knights came into Italy to fight unarmed apart from swords and knives, and having obtained a free field, they gave notice to a judge, to whom many knights appealed that he not permit this cruelty that would get them killed, and the field was revoked by the prince. And the judge made harmony between them with excusatory words that should be said by the challenged party. And so they returned to their land where, after they arrived, they had a new dispute between them, whether the words of the challenged could be unsaid or not, and because of this they went on another journey for another battle.</p>

<p>And for this reason, at the end of the present work I will write at length about the manner of unsaying, which should be made one way by the challenged and one way by the challenger, which intervenes in similar battles that are made person-to-person.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf/122|2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049v.png|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}

|- 
| <p>'''End of the fourth book'''</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049v.png|2|lbl=-}}

|}
{{master subsection end}}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
 | title = Copyright and License Summary
 | width = 100%
}}
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].

<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation
 | authors     = [[Michael Chidester]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= Wiktenauer
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Latin (1476)
 | authors     = [[Kendra Brown]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf|Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)]]}}
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Italian (1521)
 | authors     = [[Michael Chidester]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf|Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo)]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Spanish (1544)
 | authors     = [[Michael Chidester]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf|Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo)]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = English (1580)
 | authors     = [[David Kite]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)|Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
{{master end}}

== Additional Resources ==



== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liberi, Fiore de’i}}
{{early Italian masters}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Masters]]

[[Category:English]]
[[Category:Italian]]
[[Category:Latin]]
[[Category:Spanish]]

[[Category:Armored Fencing]]
[[Category:Dagger]]
[[Category:Grappling]]
[[Category:Longsword]]
[[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
[[Category:Staff Weapons]]