View source for Carlo Giuseppe Colombani

{{Infobox writer
| name                 = Carlo Giuseppe Colombani
| image                = File:Carlo Giuseppe Colombani-small.png
| imagesize            = 
| caption              = Colombani performing a dentistry exhibition

| pseudonym            = 
| birthname            = 
| birthdate            = 21 January 1676
| birthplace           = San Bartolomeo, Italy
| deathdate            = 1735 or 1736
| deathplace           = Venice, Italy
| occupation           = {{plainlist
 | [[occupation::Dentist]]
 | [[Fencing master]]{{#set:occupation=fencing master}}
 | [[occupation::Soldier]]
}}
| nationality          = 
| ethnicity            = 
| citizenship          = 
| education            = 
| alma_mater           = 
| patron               = 

| spouse               = Apollonia Colombani di Livorno
| children             = 
| relatives            = {{plainlist
 | Francesco (father)
 | Isabella (mother)
}}
| period               = 
| movement             = [[Filippo di Bartolomeo Dardi|Dardi tradition]]
| influences           = [[Achille Marozzo]]
| influenced           = 

| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
| language             = [[language::Italian]]
| notableworks         = ''[[L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani)|L'Arte maestra]]'' (1711)
| archetype            = 
| manuscript(s)        = 
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition= 
| wiktenauer compilation by=

| signature            = 
| below                = 
}}
'''Carlo Giuseppe Colombani''' (1676 - 1735/6) was an [[nationality::Italian]] soldier, [[fencing master]], and dentist at the turn of the [[century::18th century]]. He was born on 21 January 1676 in San Bartolomeo to Francesco and Isabella Colombani, who seem to have been of high social status. In 1693 at the age of 17, he joined the army of Vittorio Amedeo of Savoy to fight in the war with the French. Colombani participated in several battles (Guastella, Pinerolo, Orbassano, Santa Brigida, and Staffarda) and ultimately became an officer and color guard; for his valor he gained the title ''Alfier Lombardo'' ("the Pride of Lombardy").<ref name="Lasagni">Roberto Lasagni. ''Dizionario biografico dei Parmigiani''. Trans. [[Piermarco Terminiello]]. Parma: PPS Editrice, 1999.</ref>

Colombani traveled for a time after the war, passing through Barcelona, Spain before returning to travel around his native Italy. He supported himself as a fencing master during this time, teaching private lessons and performing public exhibitions; he also dabbled in other forms of performance including charlatanism, puppetry, and tightrope walking. In 1700, he seems to have become involved with a Spanish woman and embarked on another international journey through France, Holland, and England, eventually exhausting all of the wealth he had acquired.<ref name="Lasagni"/>

In 1709, he married Apollonia, the daughter of a respected tooth-puller, and then moved to Venice and received an official diploma in dentistry. Between 1710 and 1712, Colombani practiced charlatan dentistry and minor medical care in the public piazza in Venice, proving himself the most capable dentist in the city (other than his wife).<ref name="Lasagni"/> In 1711 (during this same period), he also published a brief treatise on fencing with at least some tenuous connection to the tradition of [[Filippo di Bartolomeo Dardi]] entitled ''[[L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani)|L'Arte maestra]]'' ("The Master Art").

After 1712, Appolonia convinced him to give up public exhibition and they devoted themselves to a more scientific approach to dentistry. He lived the rest of his life in Venice, practicing his trade and become extremely wealthy. Colombani went on to publish several other books on various topics, including a fairly sensationalized memoir in 1724; his wife was also a writer, publishing a treatise on dentistry in 1719.<ref name="Lasagni"/>

== Treatise ==

{{master begin
 | title = ''L'Arte maestra''
 | width = 90em
}}
{| class="master"
|- 
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Piermarco Terminiello]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Piermarco Terminiello]]</p>

|- 
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Marozzo 14.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>'''THE MASTER ART''' OF GIUSEPPE COLOMBANI ''KNOWN AS'' THE LOMBARD ENSIGN</p>

<p>By which all people are shown how to wield the sword, dagger, cloak, halberd, flag and two-handed spadone, with ease, with the rules that should be followed by one who finds himself with his sword drawn, in order to defend and protect himself.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/3|1|lbl=1}}

|- 
| <p>'''''A work useful to all'''''</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/3|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>DEDICATED ''TO THE INCOMPARABLE MERIT'' OF THE YOUTH OF VENICE.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/3|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>IN VENICE, M. DCCXI.<br/>Printed by Miloco.<br/>''WITH PERMISSION FROM THE AUTHORITIES''</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/3|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| [[File:Marozzo 11.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>'''TO THE READER.'''</p>

<p>''I know dear reader, that I am too eager in wishing to present this feeble labour of mine before your eyes. If it is true however, that great men are not disdainful of small offerings, then please enjoy this meagre effort, which I hope through your heart you will deign to consider, read, and find to be a work necessary for all those who seek to defend and safeguard their lives, showing the correct path towards acquiring the true blows, and understanding of the sword.''</p>

<p>''I can only say that I have toiled all of my youth, but since many good and able masters have practised, I do not presume to speak except to those under the discipline of talented men. I therefore seek to instruct to each of those who desire to know all of the rules of the sword, or rather not all of them, but the most vital and principal among them: with the sword alone, with the sword and dagger, sword and targa, and sword and cloak; how to behave in combat at night, how to comport yourself in an affray, what to do to defeat without any doubt someone with a great heart but who does not possess the true science of the sword; what you must do when attacked by someone wielding a spontoon or halberd, how to defend yourself with the sword and overcome him.''</p>

<p>''Furthermore how to wield a halberd against a sword, how to wield a two-handed spadone or long sword in the midst of many swords, the true method of using the pole for the plays of the flag and pike; the true knowledge of which is the best posture of all, since I have practised with all of them; how to comport yourself when playing with those of other nations, what to do when fighting against a sabre, how to deal with grapples and disarms.''</p>

<p>''This work can truly bring you great benefit, having first learned however sound principles from good masters, with figures of the most important positions and guards. And live in happiness.''</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/4|1|lbl=2}}

|- 
| 
| <p>''A simple method of learning how to attack well and wield arms correctly, through which the student should apply himself and work diligently; it is not his spirit or even his skill that will bring him success however, but merely a little judgment, since spirit and quickness count for little without the art.''</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/4|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>Because if an untrained fencer on occasion throws some attacks, it is only through chance. To give the student a simple method of throwing good attacks, first you must position him correctly over his legs and make him walk with both short and long steps, moving forwards and backwards. You should then show him the ''forte'' and ''debole'' of the sword, and then teach him what is meant by ''quarta'', ''terza'', and ''seconda''.</p>

<p>When he is able to understand the motion of the thrusts, you should place him into the natural guard, demonstrating how he should keep a distance of two feet between his left and right foot, his left knee slightly bent and his right leg fully extended, the hips in line and his body straight, with his left hand forming a circle at the height of the eye.</p>

<p>From this position you should have him extend an attack in ''quarta'', having him release the hand in this tempo. You should then have him bend his right knee and straighten his left knee, if it so happens that the hand needs the help of the foot to reach the enemy's body.</p>

<p>You should have him advance his right foot forward half a foot and, when he is in this position, show him how to throw this thrust by turning the nails of his right hand upwards, and those of his left hand downwards. Both arms should be extended level in height along the same plane, with the the feet similarly aligned, the head leaning a little to the outside of the sword.</p>

<p>When you have demonstrated these rules you should have him throw in ''terza'', always starting with the hand and not rushing in but as I have already said moving the foot when it is needed by the hand. You should demonstrate how the nails of the left hand should be turned towards the ground, and those of the right hand turned towards the sky. The head should be positioned along the line of the arm, directly over the knee; because if it is not over the knee, inevitably he will drag his body towards the ground, something I have witnessed many times in the salle.</p>

<p>Next you should show them how to thrust in ''seconda'', which in effect is a reversed ''quarta'' thrown below the line of the arm. These are the three main attacks that the student must learn well. There are others named ''quinta'' and ''prima'', which are not so important for the student to see until his initial efforts are completed, which I will speak of when the time comes.</p>

<p>Once the student is stable on his feet, understands the motion of the first three blows, and can execute them very well, you should show him the parries and the attacks which accompany them. Firstly you should show him how to parry the sword's forte to the inside of his weapon, which is performed by lifting the hand. The attack for this parry is a ''mezza botta'' carried out in two ''tempi'', or else a ''quarta rotta'', which you will demonstrate over the course of eight days.</p>

<p>When you see he is adept at this, you will defend against the ''mezza botta'' with the parry of the sword's point, which you should show him along with the attacks that accompany it. These are a feint inside the weapons before throwing underneath, or else a feint in ''quarta'' before throwing in ''terza''.</p>

<p>These are the parries of the sword to be performed, and the attacks which follow these types of parry, that you should show your student and have him throw in the space of a month. When he is proficient with these you will teach him the parries over the sword, firstly those in which the arm is raised. You should show him this parry, for which you should throw a feint to the head, then a thrust in ''seconda''.</p>

<p>When he has learned all of this well, you should demonstrate how to parry the point to the outside of the weapons. You should have him feint to the outside, before thrusting to the inside, or else perform a feint in ''terza'' followed by a thrust in ''quarta''.</p>

<p>These are the principle parries and attacks you should teach your student at the beginning, to ensure he is accomplished ahead of giving him further lessons. He must parry with the heel, that is to say the sword's forte, and you should always keep your eyes open when you know he wishes to assault, so you can correct him when he errs. Similarly you should put him in posture in front of his enemy and show him how he should throw the attack, and once he has done this have him throw directly in front of you.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/4|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/5|1|lbl=3|p=1}}

|- 
| 
| <p>Once the student has had lessons for three or four months, you will show him the simplest method of throwing these attacks with greater skill, and how to overcome those who flee, rush in, and parry with their hands. Before demonstrating how to defeat these sorts of opponents however, you should teach your student the method and manner of attacking judiciously, telling him never to throw an attack without due consideration.</p>

<p>For example if he throws in ''quarta'' or ''terza'', and it so happens that his attack is parried, he should think of nothing else except giving his response, carefully observing how the attack was defended. If it was defended by his opponent's forte, after retreating he should give a ''mezza botta''; if this is parried he must think only of giving his reply.</p>

<p>If the enemy refuses to enter into his measure however, and this hinders his designs; you must demonstrate how, as he advances into measure and his opponent withdraws, he must ensure he can parry his enemy's attacks and respond with vigour. When the enemy sees he has been parried, he will no longer be able to throw with such zeal, and will surrender his measure with ease.</p> 

<p>In this manner the student can execute his intentions without difficulty inside or outside of the weapons, observing with attention the parries and attacks, which proceed as I have already noted above. If he follows these admonitions carefully he will be able to fight against any sort of person, and can be scornful of any posture.</p>

<p>When it is said to me that the French guards, the German guard, and the Spanish guard are more difficult to beat, these are all lunacies. A Frenchman, a German and a Spaniard have bodies similar to mine. If I know how to defend my body with a good posture, I do not see why I need to adopt their postures to defend myself from their extravagant guards. I have seen a great many of these, and I have noted that their positions do not even have any strength in them.</p>

<p>In respect of these guards, as I will come to explain, with time in his efforts the student will realise that what I say is the absolute truth. Although I pronounce it with my tongue, this advice follows in the footsteps of many honoured masters from this ''Serenissima Dominante'' and from other locations. Before arriving at the attacks that I have used against these guards however, I will describe the method suggested by my feeble intellect, of how to beat those who flee, rush in, and parry with their hands.</p>

<p>For those who flee, you should let your sword extend and take a small step to straighten your left knee, in order to find the measure and give the attack. With this method you will be successful, not neglecting to complete the blow having thrown the attack. If your opponent attacks you must parry, and give your response. If he lets his point drop low and wishes to raise his fist, throw an attack in ''quarta'' below the line of his arm, opposing him with your left hand. This is the attack known as ''quinta'', or the ''fianconata''.</p>

<p>If he keeps his point high however, you should turn your hand from ''quarta'' to ''seconda'', then raising your hand further into the attack known as ''prima''. If your opponent remains opposed to your sword, you should disengage and perform your attack; if he parries, you should execute the feint appropriate to the parry he employs, either inside or outside the sword, or in ''seconda''.</p>

<p>Double feints are very effective against this sort of opponent, as long as they are well executed. The method and technique for provoking all manner of openings is as follows. You begin by throwing an attack from a firm foot, either in ''quarta'' or ''terza''. If your enemy parries, you should feint a response, considering the manner in which your blow was defended, and feinting in accordance with your enemy's parry. If again your feint is defended, you must always think to respond. You should observe how your feint was defended and, in accordance with this parry, redouble your feint, returning your point to where your enemy defended previously.</p>

<p>In completing this attack you should stamp your foot twice. The first stamp is performed while standing firm, and returning your point to where the first feint was parried. The second stamp is executed while extending a short step forward, straightening your left knee, while carrying your point to where the previous attack had been defended.</p>

<p>In this manner you will never attack with excessive fury, although you should keep your arm well extended, since there is a strong risk of being struck in the same tempo if you attack haphazardly. For this reason you should always perform an arrest of some sort when redoubling, so you can quickly parry anything your enemy may attempt in that tempo.</p>

<p>Regarding those who rush in there is a different method. Rather than advancing you should take a small step backwards, and when you see that they wish to rush in, you should attack purposefully to wherever you see is most uncovered. In this manner your blow will never fail if you judge the measure of your sword well.</p>

<p>It is very effective against this sort of opponent to perform two or three stamps of the foot, the first while standing firm, the second by stepping a good half-foot forward with your right, without moving your left and with your arm extended well forward. As you recover inevitably they will advance, and you can hit them in the tempo in which they raise their foot, to the target you see is most uncovered, whether in ''quarta'', ''terza'' or ''seconda''. If they move in ''quarta'' to look for your sword, you should throw in ''terza'', and if they find it in ''quarta'' you should throw in ''terza'', while if they move in ''seconda'' you should throw in ''seconda''.</p>

<p>For those those who parry with the hand you should perform a ''cavazione''. They cannot employ two actions at once, that is to say parry and attack, therefore when you know that a man parries with his hand and he holds it high, wanting to parry any blow you attempt to his stomach, you should bring your hand forward and present your attack in the same tempo. When you see his hand approaching you should perform a ''cavazione'' over it with a circular motion, and if he moves his hand again thinking to meet your sword you should perform a ''ricavazione'' below, with the same movement.</p>

<p>If he has his hand near is abdomen and still wishes to parry with it, you should present your point right at his heart, and he will not fail to raise his hand in order to parry. As he does so you should put your point to the pit of his stomach with a circular movement, and if he still moves his hand to meet your sword low you should perform a ''ricavazione'' over it.</p>

<p>This is the method and manner which I employed, and which I always found very effective to beat this sort of person. You need great patience however, and much effort, because you should not believe that you can be as accomplished as a master within a year or two, and be consummate at wielding arms. I would say that it is very difficult to find a man highly accomplished with weapons.</p>

<p>Returning to the Italian, German and Spanish Guards, and to the attacks I used to defeat these sorts of guards. Against the French I performed a ''disordinatione'' of the sword. Against the Germans I gave a ''crollamento'', opposing the enemy with my left hand, sometimes with two beats, the first in ''quarta'' and the second crossing swords while advancing with a small step, as well as performing many double feints since they attack the sword often.</p>

<p>Against Spaniards, since they always follow with their rear foot, I performed a ''cavazione'' of the sword upon contact, sometimes in two ''tempi'', closing measure with a short step. You must pay attention to your head when dealing with a Spaniard, because there is no parrying these attacks, since they throw only at the eye, saying that they are more capable when aiming for the eye rather than the middle of the stomach. </p>

<p>You should also keep in mind to watch your opponent's responses as well as his attacks, that is to say observe how the enemy parries your counter. If he parries it by raising his arm, you should give him a ''mezza botta'', if he parries the point you should perform a ''cavazione'', and if he parries the ''cavazione'' you should feint in the manner I demonstrated above in discussing the attacks.</p>

<p>To execute everything well however, including these responses, and to deal with every sort of posture and movement, requires great effort. No man can put into practice what he knows without being able to train and exercise the movements in his mind. If we had bodies as sublime as our thoughts, people would be perfect. Our nature is too cumbersome a machine however, and requires great effort to manage and move before it functions without fault. Nonetheless with judgment, patience and endeavour, you will always become more accomplished than many others, if you have applied yourself.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/5|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/6|1|lbl=4|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/7|1|lbl=5|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/8|1|lbl=6|p=1}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''A method of defence with the sword against a sabre'''</p>

<p>Firstly if a man has good judgment he should hold his sword hand by his pocket, a foot and a half off the ground, so that the sabre cannot beat his blade. This is because the sabre seeks nothing except the blade in order to displace it, or if not the hand.</p>

<p>For this reason the fencer with the sword must quickly resolve, as soon as he sees the sabre fencer and is able, to throw an attack, either at the head, or at another target. He should throw feints to where he knows he can enter most easily, then quickly leap back, because if the fencer with the sword is not overly skilled, he runs a great risk of being harmed by the sabre's fury. Those who keep their guard in a straight ahead in a line however will always be wounded by the sabre, if its wielder has a modicum of experience.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/8|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>To defend against a sword as long as a man, with a sword half a foot shorter than your enemy's, the fencer with the shorter sword should not be intimidated by his opponent's feints, whether mezze botte or provocations. Instead as soon as the enemy performs an attack he should quickly parry and close measure, or find the sword, observing the  cavazioni as he closes measure.</p>

<p>If the fencer with the shorter sword throws an attack at his enemy he must then quickly jump backwards, while raising his sword, since his opponent could still wound him easily. If the fencer with the short sword however, due to his great spirit, wishes to carry his blow from distance he runs a risk. This is because his enemy can hold firm with the significant advantage of his weapon, and on being tormented by attacks whose force he might not be able to parry, he becomes obliged to extend his arm and thrust.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/8|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|1|lbl=7|p=1}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''On grappling'''''</p>

<p>Good judgment is required by those who wish to leap at the body. You should only attempt this when your enemy overextends himself in carrying out his attack. Seeing him slow to recover, you can seize the tempo and employ the grapple.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''To defend yourself with a sword against a halberd'''''</p>

<p>The fencer with the sword is advised to hold it firmly in the hand, and to grasp the middle of the blade with his left hand. If the enemy throws to the inside, you should parry with your right and perform an ''inquartata'' with your body. If he throws to the outside you should parry, passing with your left foot to his right in order to grapple him, which will succeed without any doubt.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''Sword and cloak, sword and buckler'''''</p>

<p>Once the student has a good understanding of the sword alone, having taken lessons from a good master, he will be able to quickly and very easily learn the sword and dagger, sword and cape and sword and ''targa'', noting that all three consist of but one play.</p>

<p>He has only to ensure that all of his body is over his left foot, and that the sword is held at his thigh, as low as possible while still being usable. As for his left hand, the point of the dagger should be aimed at the enemy's throat, seeking to unsettle the enemy, so he leaves himself open to a straight thrust either to the outside or inside, whichever is easiest. He should take practice defending against attacks from a good fencer for at least fifteen days, in order to learn how to parry with a dagger in his left hand, and likewise with the cape, ''targa'' and hat.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''Method of wielding the halberd against a sword, or in the midst of many swords'''''</p>

<p>If it happens that you must retrieve a halberd from your house or workshop to confront a sword, you should grasp the bottom of the halberd with your right hand, with your left hand in the middle. Your right foot should be back and your left foot forward, with your right arm well withdrawn. When you release a thrust you should immediately pull your attack back, and you should never swing the halberd when you know that the swordsman is accomplished, because he will be able to close to the grapple with ease.</p>

<p>In wishing to join a combat with a halberd you should grasp it a ''palmo'' from its head. By then using ''montanti'', while moving around at speed, you can enter into the fray without danger, the halberd being no more than a ''palmo'' taller than its wielder.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|5|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''The rule for the two-handed spadone against multiple swords'''''</p>

<p>This is applies both to a two-handed ''spadone'' and to long sword. Finding yourself assailed by enemies, and supposing that there are many of them, the situation demands nothing else but attacks like those of a desperate man, that is to say you must enter liberally into the fray. You should never throw thrusts with the point, except at an opponent who seems weaker, instead throwing ''roversi'', such attacks keeping you always in motion, this being the true method of defending yourself.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|6|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''To defend yourself against one with a great spirit, but who possesses little knowledge of fencing'''''</p>

<p>In all the world where I practised, I heard of many instances of men with no knowledge of fencing having killed valiant men. Here I will reflect, and say that it is possible, but not as easy as some believe, because knowing a little is better than having a lot. If I had a great spirit without the art, I would say that the art can achieve more than a great spirit, because in having a great spirit without posture, tempo and measure I would never in any way be accomplished.</p>

<p>Having to draw my sword from its sheath, I would always pray that heaven might send me an opponent with great spirit but no art (rather than a phlegmatic one with more art than me) because when you are beset by a misadventure such as this you can overcome it without danger.</p>

<p>You should first however try and avoid drawing your sword against one who understands little of the art. If you are wounded your entire reputation is lost but if you wound or kill him it will grant you no honour. If you must draw your sword though, never jest with him or throw cuts, because in not understanding the danger he could charge forward, or leave himself in front of you, whereupon he might shame you.</p>

<p>I advise instead that you stand put yourself well in guard and stay covered. It he strikes desperately let him throw, and if he enters into measure you should retreat while always in guard. In the end, after he has thrown ten or twelve thrusts without effect, you can either wound him if you wish, or take his sword by coming to the grapple and leave him for the ignorant that he is. Reason will be yours however, as reason is the foundation of the art of the sword, since it it said that reason conquers all.</p>

<p>This being so, I will now give some important advice, from a case I saw in Naples. A great personage, who had completed twenty four combats without ever being injured, was wounded by a young lad of tender years, who to his great shame took his life. May this instance therefore serve as an example to all those who carry a sword at their side, that it is always better to be circumspect and avoid such situations.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/9|7|lbl=7|p=1}} {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|1|lbl=8|p=1}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''When combat takes place at night'''''</p>

<p>The rule for combat at night is as follows. You should never thrust except with your foot, and you should seek your enemy's sword by sound and with your sword, and once you find it releasing your thrust over its edge. A cape is better than a ''targa'', for those who know how to use it.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| <p>'''''To learn the play of the flag'''''</p>

<p>Firstly your flag should be the same height as you, and be well counterbalanced both with lead and wood, so that the whole flag weighs as much as the ''palmo'' of lead. Every step that you take should be accompanied by a flourish of the flag, and you should practice with your left as well as your right. In this manner you can also learn without difficulty to play with two flags.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Marozzo 6.png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>Every sort of guard should be good for those with some knowledge, but I say the Italian guards are the best.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Those who wish to describe everything in great detail are like those who would seek the Phoenix at the bottom of the sea, since I am sure that if they searched that vast ocean, they would do so in vain.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|5|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>It is better to do one thing well, and let everyone take stock, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|6|lbl=-}}

|- 
| class="noline" | [[File:Marozzo 9.png|400x400px|center]]
| class="noline" | <p>'''THE END.'''</p>
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf/10|7|lbl=-}}

|}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
 | title = Copyright and License Summary
 | width = 100%
}}
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].

<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Illustrations
 | authors     = [[Achille Marozzo]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= ''[[Opera Nova (Achille Marozzo)|Opera Nova]]
 | license     = public domain
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation
 | authors     = [[translator::Piermarco Terminiello]]
 | source link = http://schoolofthesword.com/Colombani%20Transcription%20&%20Translation.pdf
 | source title= The School of the Sword
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Transcription
 | authors     = [[Piermarco Terminiello]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:L'Arte maestra (Carlo Giuseppe Colombani).pdf]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
{{master end}}

== Additional Resources ==

{{bibliography}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT: Colombani, Carlo Giuseppe}}
{{Regional Italian traditions}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Masters]]

[[Category:Italian]]

[[Category:Flag]]
[[Category:Grappling]]
[[Category:Greatsword]]
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
[[Category:Side Sword]]
[[Category:Sword and Dagger]]
[[Category:Sword and Shield]]
[[Category:Sword and Cloak]]

[[Category:New format]]