View source for Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)

{{Infobox manuscript
<!----------Name---------->
| name               = [[name::Vechtboek]]
| location           = [[inventory::MS BPL.3281]], [[museum::Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden|Universiteitsbibliotheek&nbsp;Leiden]]<br/>Leiden, Netherlands
<!----------Image---------->
| imageleft          = File:MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
| imageright         = File:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
| width              = x200px
| caption            = Folio 1r
<!----------General---------->
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::V]]
| Wierschin's catalog= —
| Hils' catalog      = —
| Beck catalog       = —
| Also known as      = 
| Type               = [[type::Fencing manual]]
| Date               = [[year::1520s]]
| Place of origin    = Belgium (western Netherlands)
| Language(s)        = [[language::Middle Dutch]]
| Scribe(s)          = 
| Author(s)          = Unknown
| Compiled by        = 
| Illuminated by     = Unknown
| Patron             = 
| Dedicated to       = 
<!----------Form and content---------->
| Material           = Paper, with a modern binding
| Size               = 16 [[folia]] (150 mm × 190 mm)
| Format             = Single-sided; one illustration per page, <br/>with text below
| Condition          = 
| Script             = 
| Contents           = 
| Illumination(s)    = 
| Additions          = 
| Exemplar(s)        = 
| Previously kept    = 
| Discovered         = 
| Website            = [https://catalogue.leidenuniv.nl/permalink/f/q6ue0j/UBL_ALMA21222408830002711 Library catalog entry]
| Images             = [http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:1616150 Digital scans] (2800x3500)
| below              = 
}}
The '''MS BPL 3281''' is a fragmentary 16th century [[nationality::Belgian]] [[fencing manual]] created in the 1520s.<ref>According to the [https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867 library catalog entry].</ref> It resides in the holdings of the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]] in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the [[Augsburg Group|Augsburg manuscript complex]] and the art style matches part A of the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]] (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.

== Provenance ==



== Contents ==

{| class="treatise"
|- 
! id="page" | 
| [Three blank leaves]

|- 
! [[Augsburg Group|1r&nbsp;-&nbsp;16r]]
| {{treatise begin
  | title = Anonymous dagger treatise
  | width = 90em
}}
{| class="treatisecontent"
|- 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you below the arm, then place your right hand crosswise over your left, step in with the right and follow after with the left, and step in once more and in this way throw him against the ground, or thrust your hand through deep to over his elbow and thrust his head between your legs and clap on his [right] and thrust in one [go].</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|01r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below then place your hands one over the other your right hand on top so that your one thumb is not in<ref>It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.</ref> and step around with the right leg and throw his arm on your shoulder and take his dagger, or strike him in the neck and twist around strongly one or two turns.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|02r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw your dagger against his thrust and throw it far from you, or take it from him with your left hand and then you have both daggers.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|03r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and then pull him down strongly. The counter to that, then take his dagger with your [pommel]<ref>A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.</ref> and pull it around or grab him by his elbow and push it around into his belly.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|04v|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabs you by your clothing, then grab his fist. Take his dagger with your right hand and with your left at his elbow push strongly from you and twist around doubly and so you are [released from] him and have his dagger.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|05r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below you will take your dagger in both your hands and throw your dagger in front of him and let him thrust against it and then grab his thumb captured named the prison.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|06r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook, thus you will pull it from his hand and place your thumb on top of the dagger on the pommel and hook<ref name="unhook">A more literal translation would be “unhook”.</ref> it, but you must set your right foot around and hook him and fall with your left hand on his right arm and push it [all] further down.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|07r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone strikes at you or thrusts at you from above then take his hand with which he thrusts or strikes from below his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand thrust between his legs and strongly pull down his hand in which he has the dagger and so throw him on your shoulders and go with the snare.<ref>The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.</ref></p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|08r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, you will step from him with your right foot and grab at his right arm with your left hand your four fingers above and your thumb below, your elbow in his side and then grab him under his right leg below his knee and lift his leg up and so he must fall by force.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|09r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw him your dagger against his thrust and strike it out of his hand. Let your one hand go over his and take it from him in two manners.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|10r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If it were that someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook then place your thumb above on the pommel of your dagger and turn around backwards and hook<ref name="unhook"/> it. Twist one or two turns around and throw his dagger out of his hand.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|11r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabbed you by the clothes, then place your hand on his and strike up from below and grab his hand in which he has his dagger, and pull this strongly to you and with the other hand at his elbow and twist around strongly. If he thrusts from below then place your hand on your belly and take it out of his hand just as the crosswise thrust.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|12r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 13r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and pull him down strongly. The counter to that
then take his dagger by<ref>This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.</ref> the [binding]<ref>This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.</ref> and push it contrary around in his belly. Also push his elbow contrary around and take his dagger from him so.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|13r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If it were so that someone grabbed you by your hair and thrust at you, then you will first displace his thrust and grab his dagger with which he thrusts and beat his hand which he has in your hair from above downwards.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|14r|jpg}}

|- 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger and then you have both daggers.</p>
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|15r|jpg}}

|- 
| class="noline" | [[file:MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|300px|center]]
| class="noline" | <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.</p>
| class="noline" | {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|16r|jpg}}

|}
{{treatise end}}

|- 
! 
| [Three blank leaves]

|}

== Gallery ==

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]].{{-}}

{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Cover 2.jpg|Inside Cover}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Ir.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Iv.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 IIr.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 IIv.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 IIIr.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 01v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg|Folio 2r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 02v.jpg|Folio 2v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg|Folio 3r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 03v.jpg|Folio 3v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 04r.jpg|Folio 4r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg|Folio 4v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg|Folio 5r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 05v.jpg|Folio 5v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg|Folio 6r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 06v.jpg|Folio 6v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg|Folio 7r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 07v.jpg|Folio 7v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg|Folio 8r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 08v.jpg|Folio 8v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg|Folio 9r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 09v.jpg|Folio 9v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg|Folio 10r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 10v.jpg|Folio 10v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg|Folio 11r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 11v.jpg|Folio 11v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg|Folio 12r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 12v.jpg|Folio 12v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 13r.jpg|Folio 13r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 13v.jpg|Folio 13v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg|Folio 14r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 14v.jpg|Folio 14v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg|Folio 15r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 15v.jpg|Folio 15v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|Folio 16r}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 16v.jpg|Folio 16v}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 17r.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 17v.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 18r.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 18v.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 19r.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 19v.jpg|Blank}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Cover 3.jpg|Inside Cover}}
{{image|page=1|MS BPL.3281 Cover 4.jpg|Back Cover}}

== Additional Resources ==

{{bibliography}}

== References ==

{{reflist|2}}

== Copyright and License Summary ==

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].

<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Images
 | authors     = [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]]
 | source link = https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867
 | source title= Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
 | license     = attribution
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation
 | authors     = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
 | source link = http://www.bruchius.com/docs/BPL%203281%20by%20RvN.pdf
 | source title= School voor Historische Schermkunsten
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Transcription
 | authors     = [[transcriber::Reinier van Noort]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>

[[Category:Treatises]]
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[[Category:Research/Background Information]]

[[Category:Dutch]]

[[Category:Dagger]]

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