Difference between revisions of "Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)"

Folio 1r
Vechtboek
	MS BPL.3281, Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden; Leiden, Netherlands
Type	Fencing manual
Date	1520s
Place of origin	Belgium (western Netherlands)
Language(s)	Middle Dutch
Author(s)	Unknown
Illustrator(s)	Unknown
Material	Paper, with a modern binding
Size	16 folia (150 mm × 190 mm)
Format	Single-sided; one illustration per page, ; with text below
External data	Library catalog entry
Treatise scans	Digital scans (2800x3500)

Latest revision as of 19:46, 27 October 2023

The MS BPL 3281 is a fragmentary 16th century Belgian fencing manual created in the 1520s.^[1] It resides in the holdings of the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the Augsburg manuscript complex and the art style matches part A of the Bauman Fechtbuch (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.

Provenance

Images	Complete Translation by Reinier van Noort	Transcription [edit] by Reinier van Noort
	If someone thrusts at you below the arm, then place your right hand crosswise over your left, step in with the right and follow after with the left, and step in once more and in this way throw him against the ground, or thrust your hand through deep to over his elbow and thrust his head between your legs and clap on his [right] and thrust in one [go].	[01r] It[em] staec ieme na u van onder armen soe legt u rechte hant over u slincke ghecrust tret in mette rechte en volcht mette mette clincken na en tret noch eens ein en soe worptten tegen den gront oft stect u hant diep doore toot over zijne elleboghe en stect hem zijne hooft tussen u beene en clapten op zijne [rechten] en stecken in eene [sack].
	If someone thrusts at you from below then place your hands one over the other your right hand on top so that your one thumb is not in^[2] and step around with the right leg and throw his arm on your shoulder and take his dagger, or strike him in the neck and twist around strongly one or two turns.	[02r] It[em] oft Iema na u stake van onder soe legt u handen den over dander u rechte hant bove dat [nie] owen eene Duim niet en zije en treet om mette rechte bene en worpt hem den erm op u skower en nemt hem zijn Dagge oft slaetse hem inden hals en tort sterk om i oft ij vers
	If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw your dagger against his thrust and throw it far from you, or take it from him with your left hand and then you have both daggers.	[03r] It[em] oft ieme na u stake van onder soe worp u Dagge tegen zijne steck en werpse verre van u oft nemtse hem met uwer clincker hant en alsoe hebdi beide Daggen.
	The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and then pull him down strongly. The counter to that, then take his dagger with your [pommel]^[3] and pull it around or grab him by his elbow and push it around into his belly.	[04v] It[em] den ghecruste steck van bove soe zalmen hem vanggen en trecke hem sterck neder het verset daer af soe nemt zijn Dagge mettu [cruine]^[4] en trekse hem om oft grijp hem met zijne elleboghe en duwet hem om in zijne buick
	If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabs you by your clothing, then grab his fist. Take his dagger with your right hand and with your left at his elbow push strongly from you and twist around doubly and so you are [released from] him and have his dagger.	[05r] It[em] waert dat iema na u stake van boven en hi u mette collijere grepe soe nemt grijpt hem zij [vuist] neeme zijn Dagghe met ower rechte hant en met ower sclincke hant aen owen zijne elleboghe doute sterck van u en tort dobbel om en alsoe zijde hem guite en hebde zijn Dagghe
	If someone thrusts at you from below you will take your dagger in both your hands and throw your dagger in front of him and let him thrust against it and then grab his thumb captured named the prison.	[06r] It[em] oft iema na u stake van ondere soe zoldi u Dagghe in beide u handen nemen en worpen hem u Dagghe vore en laten hem daer tegen steken en gripen hem dan zijn duime ghenaggen^[5] gheheeten het prisoen
	If someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook, thus you will pull it from his hand and place your thumb on top of the dagger on the pommel and hook^[6] it, but you must set your right foot around and hook him and fall with your left hand on his right arm and push it [all] further down.	[07r] It[em] oft iement na u stacke van bove gheheete den haec soe zalment hem witer hant trecke en leggen owen duim optte Dagghe bove opte cruine en ont haecse hem maer ghi moet owen rechten woet om stellen en onthaekse hem en valt met ower slincker hant op zijne rechte arm en dructe [toeter] verden neder
	If someone strikes at you or thrusts at you from above then take his hand with which he thrusts or strikes from below his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand thrust between his legs and strongly pull down his hand in which he has the dagger and so throw him on your shoulders and go with the snare.^[7]	[08r] It[em] oft iemant na u scloeghe oft na u stake van boeven soe nemt hem zijn hant daer hi met stect oft slaet van onder zijn dagghe met ower clincker hant en met ower rechter hant stect tussen zijn benen en trect sterck [neder]^[8] zijn hant daer hi die Dagghe in heeft en alsoe woerpten op u skowerre en gate met striken
	If someone thrusts at you from above, you will step from him with your right foot and grab at his right arm with your left hand your four fingers above and your thumb below, your elbow in his side and then grab him under his right leg below his knee and lift his leg up and so he must fall by force.	[09r] It[em] oft iema na u stake van bove soe zalme hem onttreden mette rechten woete en gripen met met ewer clincker hant aen zijne rechten aerm u iiij vinggers bove en owen duim onder owen elleboghe in zijn zijde en gripen hem dan van onder zijn rechte been van onder zijn knie en en licht zijn ben oppe en alsoe moet hij wallen perfortse
	If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw him your dagger against his thrust and strike it out of his hand. Let your one hand go over his and take it from him in two manners.	[10r] It[em] oft ieme na u stake van onder soe worpst hem u Dagghe tegen zijnen zijne steck en slaetse hem witer hant laet u een hant over de zijne loepen en nempse hem in ij mannieren af
	If it were that someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook then place your thumb above on the pommel of your dagger and turn around backwards and hook^[6] it. Twist one or two turns around and throw his dagger out of his hand.	[11r] It[em] waert dat ieme na u stake van bove gheheeten den haek soe legt owen duim boven opte cruine van owen daggen en teert achterwert om en onthaecse hem tort eene oft ij vers om en worpst hem zijn Dagghe witer hant.
	If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabbed you by the clothes, then place your hand on his and strike up from below and grab his hand in which he has his dagger, and pull this strongly to you and with the other hand at his elbow and twist around strongly. If he thrusts from below then place your hand on your belly and take it out of his hand just as the crosswise thrust.	[12r] It[em] oft Iemen na u stake van bove en dat hi u grepe metter collijere soe legt u hant opte zijne en sclaet van onder oppe en grijpt hem zijn hant daer hi zijn Dagge in heeft en trecse sterc na u en metter ander hant aen zijne elleboghe en tert starck om stect hi van onder soe legt u hant op owen buick en nemtse hem ghelijc den ghecrusten steck witer hant.
	The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and pull him down strongly. The counter to that then take his dagger by^[9] the [binding]^[10] and push it contrary around in his belly. Also push his elbow contrary around and take his dagger from him so.	[13r] It[em] den ghecrusten steck van boven soe zalmen hem vanggen en trecken hem sterck nederre het verset daer af soe nemt zijn Dagghe metten [hechte] en dous hem contrari om in zijnen buick [ocht] dout hem zijne elleboghe contrari om en alsoe nemt hem zijn Dagge
	If it were so that someone grabbed you by your hair and thrust at you, then you will first displace his thrust and grab his dagger with which he thrusts and beat his hand which he has in your hair from above downwards.	[14r] It[em] vaert bij alsoe dat u iement in u haer grepe en na u stak soe zalmen hem ierst den steck versetten en gripen zijn Dagghe daer hi met stect en versclaen hem zijn hant van bove neder wert die hi in u haer heeft
	If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger and then you have both daggers.	[15r] It[em] waert dat elck een Dagghe inder hant hadde en grept mekanderen int haer soe wie dat ierst stake die hadde zijn Dagghe verloeren en alsoe hebdi beide Daggen
	If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.	[16r] It[em] waert dat elck een Dagghe inder hant hadde en grepen makanderen int haer soe wie dat jerst stake die hadde sijn Dagghe verloeren. It[em] waert dat bij also datse beide die naelde staken soe moetmen gade slaen en versetten hem zijne steck en metter zelver hant soe moet manse uiter hant neme.

[Three blank leaves]

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden.

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Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Van Noort, Reinier; Oskar ter Mors (2022). "Transcription and English Translation of Vechtboek, Ms. BPL 3281." Bauman's Fight Book: Augsburg University Library Ⅰ.6.4º 2: 211-230. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Medford, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-27-4.

References

↑ According to the library catalog entry.
↑ It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.
↑ A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.
↑ This could possibly be supposed to read “duime”, meaning “thumb”.
↑ This should most likely read “ghevangen”, which is translated as “captured”.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 A more literal translation would be “unhook”.
↑ The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.
↑ Alternatively: “nader”, meaning “closer”.
↑ This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.
↑ This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Images	Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden	Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
Translation	Reinier van Noort	School voor Historische Schermkunsten
Transcription	Reinier van Noort	Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)

[1] According to the library catalog entry.

[2] It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.

[3] A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.

[4] This could possibly be supposed to read “duime”, meaning “thumb”.

[5] This should most likely read “ghevangen”, which is translated as “captured”.

[unhook-6] 6.0 ^6.1 A more literal translation would be “unhook”.

[7] The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.

[8] Alternatively: “nader”, meaning “closer”.

[9] This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.

[10] This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | imageleft          = File:MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
 | imageright         = File:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
-| width              = x155px
+| width              = x200px
 | caption            = Folio 1r
 <!----------General---------->
-| Index number       = [[WI::—]]
+| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::V]]
-| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::—]]
+| Wierschin's catalog= —
-| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::—]]
+| Hils' catalog      = —
-| Beck catalog       = [[BC::—]]
+| Beck catalog       = —
 | Also known as      =
 | Type               = [[type::Fencing manual]]
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 <!----------Form and content---------->
 | Material           = Paper, with a modern binding
-| Size               = 16 [[folia]] (190 mm x 150 mm)
+| Size               = 16 [[folia]] (150 mm × 190 mm)
 | Format             = Single-sided; one illustration per page, <br/>with text below
 | Condition          =
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 | below              =
 }}
-The '''MS BPL 3281''' is a fragmentary 16th century [[nationality::Belgian]] [[fencing manual]] created in the 1520s.<ref>According to the [https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867 library catalog entry].</ref> It resides in the holdings of the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]] in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the [[Nuremberg Group|Nuremberg manuscript complex]] and the art style matches part A of the [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Codex Wallerstein]] (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.
+The '''MS BPL 3281''' is a fragmentary 16th century [[nationality::Belgian]] [[fencing manual]] created in the 1520s.<ref>According to the [https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867 library catalog entry].</ref> It resides in the holdings of the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]] in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the [[Augsburg Group|Augsburg manuscript complex]] and the art style matches part A of the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]] (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.
 == Provenance ==
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 |-
-! [[Nuremberg Group|1r&nbsp;-&nbsp;16r]]
+! [[Augsburg Group|1r&nbsp;-&nbsp;16r]]
 | {{treatise begin
    | title = Anonymous dagger treatise
-   | width = 84em
+   | width = 90em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you below the arm, then place your right hand crosswise over your left, step in with the right and follow after with the left, and step in once more and in this way throw him against the ground, or thrust your hand through deep to over his elbow and thrust his head between your legs and clap on his [right] and thrust in one [go].</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|01r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|01r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from below then place your hands one over the other your right hand on top so that your one thumb is not in<ref>It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.</ref> and step around with the right leg and throw his arm on your shoulder and take his dagger, or strike him in the neck and twist around strongly one or two turns.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|02r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|02r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw your dagger against his thrust and throw it far from you, or take it from him with your left hand and then you have both daggers.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|03r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|03r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and then pull him down strongly. The counter to that, then take his dagger with your [pommel]<ref>A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.</ref> and pull it around or grab him by his elbow and push it around into his belly.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|04v|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|04v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabs you by your clothing, then grab his fist. Take his dagger with your right hand and with your left at his elbow push strongly from you and twist around doubly and so you are [released from] him and have his dagger.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|05r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|05r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from below you will take your dagger in both your hands and throw your dagger in front of him and let him thrust against it and then grab his thumb captured named the prison.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|06r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|06r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook, thus you will pull it from his hand and place your thumb on top of the dagger on the pommel and hook<ref name="unhook">A more literal translation would be “unhook”.</ref> it, but you must set your right foot around and hook him and fall with your left hand on his right arm and push it [all] further down.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|07r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|07r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone strikes at you or thrusts at you from above then take his hand with which he thrusts or strikes from below his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand thrust between his legs and strongly pull down his hand in which he has the dagger and so throw him on your shoulders and go with the snare.<ref>The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.</ref></p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|08r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|08r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, you will step from him with your right foot and grab at his right arm with your left hand your four fingers above and your thumb below, your elbow in his side and then grab him under his right leg below his knee and lift his leg up and so he must fall by force.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|09r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|09r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw him your dagger against his thrust and strike it out of his hand. Let your one hand go over his and take it from him in two manners.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|10r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|10r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If it were that someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook then place your thumb above on the pommel of your dagger and turn around backwards and hook<ref name="unhook"/> it. Twist one or two turns around and throw his dagger out of his hand.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|11r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|11r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabbed you by the clothes, then place your hand on his and strike up from below and grab his hand in which he has his dagger, and pull this strongly to you and with the other hand at his elbow and twist around strongly. If he thrusts from below then place your hand on your belly and take it out of his hand just as the crosswise thrust.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|12r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|12r|jpg}}
 |-
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 | <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and pull him down strongly. The counter to that
 then take his dagger by<ref>This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.</ref> the [binding]<ref>This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.</ref> and push it contrary around in his belly. Also push his elbow contrary around and take his dagger from him so.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|13r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|13r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If it were so that someone grabbed you by your hair and thrust at you, then you will first displace his thrust and grab his dagger with which he thrusts and beat his hand which he has in your hair from above downwards.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|14r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|14r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[file:MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg|300px|center]]
 | <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger and then you have both daggers.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|15r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|15r|jpg}}
 |-
-| [[file:MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|300px|center]]
+| class="noline" | [[file:MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|300px|center]]
-| <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.</p>
-| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|16r|jpg}}
+| class="noline" | {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|16r|jpg}}
 |}
@@ Line 210: / Line 210: @@
 == Additional Resources ==
+{{bibliography}}
 == References ==
@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
   | source link = https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867
   | source title= Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
-  | license     = permission
+  | license     = attribution
 }}
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = Translation
-  | authors     = [[Reinier van Noort]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
   | source link = http://www.bruchius.com/docs/BPL%203281%20by%20RvN.pdf
   | source title= School voor Historische Schermkunsten
@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = Transcription
-  | authors     = [[Reinier van Noort]]
+  | authors     = [[transcriber::Reinier van Noort]]
   | source link =
   | source title= [[Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]]
@@ Line 253: / Line 253: @@
 [[Category:Dagger]]
+[[Category:New format]]

Difference between revisions of "Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)"

Latest revision as of 19:46, 27 October 2023

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