Burgkmair Turnierbuch

Source Images	Images from the Munich Version	Draft Translation by Per Magnus Haaland	Munich II Transcription (1540s)
		The various old and new noble and knightly German forms and Disciplines of jousting or ”tilt”, as they call it nowadays.	[095r] Veterum Germanorum, et novissimorum principum etiam Tyrociniorum, vel ut hodie vocant, certaminum equestrium alioquot species, et formae.
		Title and dedication To the eternal memory of the late Roman Emperor Maximilian, I have here gathered these jousting or tilt games, and put them in order. The late emperor Maximilian himself devoted himself and exercized himself in them, and he even invented many of them as well. Therefore lest this honourable and sportly exercise of the nobility would to perish, I have here given them to posterity, especially for the eternal praise to those who still devote themselves and love it, which can be understood here, how to do that they have before their eyes, so that they be able to reconstruct each and everyone of them.	[095v] Titulus, et dedicatio. Ad aeternam memoriam divi Maximiliani Romanorum Imperatoris, Caesaris, et Augusti, has Tyrociniorum seu ut nunc vocant Certaminum equesterum[!] species collegi, atque ex ordine locavi. His enim ipse D. Maximilianus studuit, easque exercuit, plerasque etiam invenit primus. Quare ne huiusmodi nobilitatis honesta, ludicraque exercitia pereant, ea immortalitati donavi: presertim ad aeternam laudem nobilitatis, et eorum omnium, quibus huiusmodi ludi adhuc cordi sunt, ut scilicet hinc, quid sequi debeant ad oculum habeant, et sibi singula ad imitationem proponere possint.
		The old German gestech in high armour, when you break the lances. The old German joust of peace in high armour, breaking the lances. They must(!) be equipped thus: the man is wearing a common armour for jousting of peace, he holds a lance with a coronell and thereon a vamplate. He is sitting on a straight old saddle, the (horse's) chest protection is filled with straw, and the horse is covered by a silk caparison and a steel chanfron, as is displayed on this picture.
		[1] Here they both go forth to the jousting field, and descend into the arena in the old armour that the Germans call "high" (in dem alten hohen Teutschen zeug). Old jousting, or tilting as it is called today in old high armour (German: Im hohen zeug), where both break their lances, they enter the field (German: auf die pan), or the arena. The rider himself wears a common jousting armour, he has small rings with a vamplate. He sits on an old high jousting saddle. The horse’s chest guard is stuffed with straw, and padded under the silk caparison. The chanfron is made out of steel, as can be seen in the picture here.	[096r] Sic ambo prodeunt ad stramentum, atque descendunt in harenam, in veteri armatura, quam Germani altam (In dem alten hohen Teutschen zeug) Vocant. [097v] Vetus tyrocinij ludus est sive ut hodie vocant, ludicrum exercicium, in armatura alta (germanicè Im hohen Zeug·) ubi uterque hastam frangit, et ad hunc modum armati in harenam descendunt, aut ad stramentum (germanice ·auff die pan·) veniunt. Vir ipse induitur comuni Torneamenti armatura, corollas fert, cum Trochleis facile frangibilibus; Ipse porro insidet Ephippio ad Torneamentum vetus convenienti. Antilena equi stramine expletur, et suffarcinatur. Stratum equi ex serico fit, Frontale vero ex Chalybe. Sicuti haec figura presens omnia indicat.
		[2] Here they both ride towards each other in said old high armour.	[096v97r] Sic congrediuntur, atque in congressu cominus franguntur utrinque hastae, in veteri arnatura, quam altam à Germanis vocari dixi.
		This is joust of war with spring targes. Rennen with spring targes is performed thus: the man is equipped with an old field armour, leg armour and sabatons, as well as an old iron hat. He carries a large spring iron beard made so that it flies away when struck by the lance. The horse is wearing an armour saddle, and a steel cross crupier, a criniere, and a chanfron and flanchard attached to the saddle, as shown in the picture.
		[3] Here they both enter into the arena with shields that the Germans call "die geschifften dartschen". The commonly practised sportly jousting, that the Germans call "das geschifften Tarschen Rennen", is performed as follows: the rider is clad in field armour, and an old helmet with a steel beard attached to it, that flies off at first contact with the lance. His boots and thighs are covered in armour, and the horse has a caparison. The lance has a large movable vamplate, that covers half the rider’s arm, as can be seen on the picture.	[098r] Sic ambo in harenam descendunt cum scutis, quae Germani (die geschifften Dartschen) vocant. [099v] Ludicrum exercicium torneamenti equitando peragi solitum, quod Germani (·das geschifft Tartschen Rennen·) vocant, ita instui debet. Vir ipse induitur Cataphracta castrensi & veteri galea, cui barba ferrea magna annexa sit, quae ex hasta tactu protinus desilit. Calcei, et tibialia ex lorica fiant. equus strato contectus sit. Hasta ipsa cum magna Trochlea per se vertili ita premuniatur, ut medium viri brachium contegat. Sicuti presens figura demonstrat.
		[4] Then they engage each other in this manner with said shields.	[098v99r] Deinde hoc modo congrediuntur in concursu cuÿsdem scutis.
		The field Rennen called ”den Bund” in steel barding. The field Rennen called ”Den bundt” in steel barding is arranged thus: the man is equipped with a complete field armour, and an old iron hat, and a big iron beard in front of him, that flies off when hit by the lance, that is equipped with a vamplate. The horse is wearing an old armour saddle, a steel cross crupier, peytral, criniere, as well as the chanfron, also the flanchard that is fastened to the sadle, as the following picture shows.
		[5] Here they both proceed to the arena to compete in field jousting with plate armour that the Germans call "das Stechlin geliger". In field jousting, where all armour must be plate armour, that the Germans call "den Bund in stechlin geliger", is done thusly: the man himself is completely covered by a full field armour, and an old helmet covers his head, to which a metal beard is attached which flies off at first contact with the lance. The lance has a vamplate. Furthermore the horse is equipped with armour that Germans call "das Creutz geliger", as can be seen in this picture.	[100r] Sic prodeunt in harenam, pro campestri concursu, in armatura ex Chalÿbe facta quam Germani (·das Stechlin geliger·) vocant. [101v] In campestri concursu, equitando, ubi omnis armatura ex chalybe facta esse debet, quod Germani (·den Bund im stehlin geliger·) vocant, hoc modo preparatur. Vir ipse cataphracta castrensi integre & totaliter induitur, veterique galea caput tegit, in galea vero annexa ferrea barba dependet, quae ex primo hasta contactu desilit. Hasta autem Trochlea facile frangibili premunitur. Equus porro eam habeat armaturam, quam Germani (·das Creütz geliger·) vocant. Sicuti ex hac figura videre potes.
		[6] Here they both engage each other in said jousting with plate armour, as mentioned.	[100v01r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		How to tourney on horse for sport and in ernest. Tourney on horse, both for sport and in ernest is arranged thus: the man is wearing an articulated field armour, the lance has a vamplate, and the horse is wearing an old armour saddle, steel criniere, and leather peytral and croupiere, steel chanfron, and all equipment as is shown in this picture.
		[7] In this manner the jousters enter the arena. Jousting either in ernest or for sport, is performed thus: the rider wears an armour that in German is called "den geschifften küriss". The lance has a vamplate. The horse is equipped with a caparison made out of leather. The mane and neck of the horse is covered in steel armour, as well as the chanfron, as the picture clearly shows.	[102r] Ad hunc modum prodeunt in harenam certaturi in tibialibus ferreis. [103v] Torneamentum in tibialibus ferreis, atque Coriceaceis Barsonis, vel stratis equorum, sic fit, Vir indutus sit castrensi cataphracta, atque galea ex chalybe facta. In sinistro latere scutum gerit. Insidet autem alto Cataphractorum ephippio. Hasta fiat cum Trochlea frangibili. Equus vero coriacea Barsona, vel strato contegatur. Quemadmodum presens figura demonstrat.
		[8] Here they engage each other, either for sport or in ernest.	[102v03r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Gestech in leg armour and leather peytral where they break the lances. Gestech in leg armour and leather barding is done thus: the man wears a field armour, a stech helmet, and has a shield on his left side, and an arret, wherein you place the lance and where(upon) the vamplate is inserted. He sits on an armour saddle, and the horse is also equipped with a leather barding, criniere and peytral, flanchard out of leather that is fastened to the saddle, and a steel chanfron as is shown in the following picture.
		[9] This way the two combatants proceed to the arena in steel leg armour. Jousting in steel leg armour, as well as leather caparison, i.e. horse cover, is this: the rider wears field armour and a metal helmet. On his left side he carries a shield. He sits on a high knight saddle, the lance is made with a vamplate, whereas the horse is covered with a leather caparison, as is shown in the picture.	[104r] Sic in harenam descendunt, quantum ad comune Germanorum Tyrocinium & Torneamentum. [105v] Comune germanorum tyrocinium sic fieri potest. Vir comuni armatura ad Tyrocinium idonea induitur, in hasta habeat corollas, cum trochleis frangibilibus. Ipse porrò pulvinari insideat, absque ephippio. Equo tegantur oculi, atq obturentur aures. Stratum omne ex serico fiat. Habeatque insuper ipse vir fasces stramineos satis magnos in pectore sub strato. Sicuti figura haec recte demonstrat.
		[10] Then they run towards and engage each other in metal leg armour.	[104v05r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		[11] Thus they enter the arena, in common German jousting, or tilt. Common German jousting is done thus: the rider wears a common jousting armour, and in the lance he has coronells and a vamplate. He sits on a cushion, without saddle. The horse has covered eyes, as well as ears. The caparison is wholly made out of silk. Furthermore, the rider has large enough bundles of straw on the chest under the caparison, as is illustrated on the picture.	[106r] Hoc modo in harenam descendunt equites pugnaturi. [107v] Torneamentum equitando, serio, vel ioculariter, sic instituitur. Vir ipse Cataphracta induitur, quam Germani (·den geschifften küriss·) vocant. Hasta habeat Trochleam frangibilem. Equus vero Barsona ex corio facta tegatur. Iuba, sive collum equi armatura ex Chalybe muniatur: unde et frontale fieri debet. Sicuti haec figura clare indicat.
		[12] Thus they run at each other in said common German jousting.	[106v07r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Joust of war with linen bundles and with the targes attached. Joust of war with linen bundles is done thus: the man is equipped with an old armour for joust of war, on his head a linen bundle, but apart from that he is bare. He has a large steel beard which is the target area, and a large arret, onto which the lance is inserted, and the lance has a large vamplate, that covers half the man's arm. The horse is covered with, and blinded by a silk caparison, as is displayed in the illustration below.
		[13] Here the combatants enter the arena to compete with linen bindles, or "in Wulsten" as Germans use to call it. Jousting with linen bindles, that Germans call "das rennen mit dem Wulst", is performed thus: the rider has a large linen bindle on his head, and apart from that completely without armour. He carries a metal beard hanging from his neck, with a large hook that supports the lance, and this hook is the only thing aimed at by the lance hit. Furthermore, he has armour plate protection over his knees. The lance has a vamplate, that covers half the man’s arm. He sits on a pillow. The horse is covered and blindfolded by a silk caparison, as you can see in the picture.	[108r] Hac forma descendunt in harenam certaturi in vittis lineis (·in Wulsten·) Germani vocare solent. [109v] Tyrocinium cum lineis vittis, quod Germani (·das rennen mit dem wulst·) vocant, sic instituitur. Vir ipse in capite vittam lineam magnam habeat, ceterum totaliter nudus, absque nulla armatura est. Barbam ferream gerit ex collo pendentem, cum unco magno, quo hasta sustentatur, quique uncus solus hastae ictu petitur. Deinde habeat ex chalÿbe armaturam pro genibus, quam Germani (·du stechlin straiffteschen·) vocant. Hasta habeat Trochleam frangibilem, que medium viri brachium contegat. Pulvinari insideat. Equus autem tectus, et obcaecatus sit strato serico. Sicuti ex hac figura videre potes.
		[14] Here they ride together with said linen bindles.	[108v09r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Foreign Gestech over the tilt where you break the lances. Foreign gestech over the tilt is performed thus: the man is equipped with an articulated field armour, and a Stech helmet, they carry a grill to hit with the coronell. On the lance there is placed a large vamplate, he sits on a high armour saddle, and the horse is wearing a silk caparison and a steel chanfron as is shown in this picture.
		[15] This way they enter the arena to compete over the tilt barrier. Italian jousting over the tilt barrier is done thus: the rider is equipped with a field armour that we in German call "ain geschifften feldküriss". He wears a helmet suitable for this sort of jousting, and on his left side he carries a shield with a grill. He sits on a high knight's saddle. The hit, or strike is on the shield. The horse is covered with a silk caparison, and its forehead is protected by a steel chanfron, as the picture shows.	[110r] Hoc modo in harenam descendunt certaturi trans septa. [111v] Tyrocinium Italicum trans septa sic fit. Vir ipse Cataphracta castrensi, quam Germanice (·ain geschifften feldküriss·) dicimus, induitur: galeamque habet ad hoc Tyrocinium indoneam. Scutum in sinistro gerit latere cum craticula. Alto Cataphractorum Ephippio insidet. Contactus, aut ictus inscutum fit. Equi vero strato serico tegantur premunianturque frontali ex Chalybe facto. Quemadmodum figura hac docet.
		[16] This is the way jousting over the tilt barrier is done the Italian way.	[110v11r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Rennen with spring discs. Rennen with spring discs is done thus: the man is wearing a full field armour and an old iron hat, a spring disc (attached to) a steel beard, that flies off at lance impact. He sits on an armour saddle, the lance has a large vamplate that covers half the arm. The horse is covered by a silk caparison and blindfolded, as well as equipped with a steel chanfron, as is shown in the picture below.
		[17] Thus they enter the arena to compete with discs, that the Germans call "die geschifften scheuben". Jousting in articulated armour, in German called "das geschifft scheuben rennen", ie with movable discs, is done thus: the rider is fully covered in armour, and an old helmet. Furthermore he has a disc, and a steel beard attached, that by the contact or hit of the lance, flies off. He sits on a knight saddle. The lance has vamplate, that covers half the man’s arm. The horse is blindfolded and covered by a silk caparison, and its forehead is protected by a steel chanfron as shown in this picture.	[112r] Sic descendunt in harenam pugnaturi in trochleis, quas Germani (die geschifften scheuben) vocant. [113v] Tyrocinium ex armatura articulatim annexa, quam Germani (·das geschifft scheuben rennen·) vocant, cum Trochleis, sic fieri solet. Vir ipse totaliter cataphracta induitur, et veteri galea. Habet deinde Trochleam, et barbam ferream annexam, quae in contactu, aut hastae ictu desiliunt. Ipse Cataphractorum ephippio insidet. Hasta munitur Trochlea frangibili, quae tamen medium viri brachium contegat. Equus obcaetatur strato serico, praemuniturque frontali ex Chalybe facto, Sicuti haec figura indicat.
		[18] Here they engage each other with said discs.	[112v13r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Foreign Rennen in armentin, where you break the lances. The foreign Rennen in armentin must be arranged thus: the man must wear an articulated field armour, leg armour and sabatons, as well as armour skirt. He sits on a high armour saddle, the lance as a large vamplate, and the horse is blindfolded and wears a silk caparison, and has a steel chanfron, as the following picture shows.
		[19] Thus the combatants enter the arena to compete in Italian Armentin. Italian jousting in armentin, as they call it, is done thus: the rider wears an articulatedly-attached field armour, and a has a sleeve/shirt in a knightly fashion. Furthermore, he sits on a high saddle. The lance has vamplates. The horse is blindfolded and covered with a silk caparison, and wears a steel chanfron, as you see in the picture.	[114r] Sic in harenam descendunt pugnaturi in Italico Armetino. [115v] Tyrocinium Italicum in armetin (·ut vocant·) sic instituitur. Vir ipse castrensi cataphracta, atque articulatim annexa induitur, habetque suparum cataphractorum more. porro alto insidet Ephippio. Hasta fiat cum Trochleis frangibilibus. Equus ipse obcaecatur, ornaturque strato serico, et Frontali ex chalybe facto. Sicuti ex hac figura cognosces.
		[20] Then they ride towards each other in said Italian armentin.	[114v15r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		[21] Thus they enter the arena to compete in strifing jousting, called "der schwaiff" in German. The common strifing joust or tilt called "der schwaiff" by the Germans, is to be performed as follows: the rider wears shoulder and chest armour that must be equipped with a large hook. On his head he wears an old helmet with a long steel beard hanging from it, that immediately flies off at lance contact. The arms are unprotected, and on his knees he is protected by the armour called "streiffteschen" in German. The lances have moveable vamplates that cover half the man’s arm. The horse is blindfolded by his silk caparison, as you may discern from this picture.	[116r] Sic in harenam descendunt, cum ex obliquo concursu pugnare volunt quod Germanice (·der schwaiff·) dicitur. [117v] Torneamentum, sive tyrocinium comune, et obliquum, quod (der schwaiff) a Germanis dicitur, sic fieri debet, Vir inducitur humerali, et Thorace, ubi uncus magnus inesse debet. In capite habeat veterem galeam, cum appendente longa barba ex chalybe facta, qua ex hasta ictu, sive tactu statim desilit. Circum brachia nudus, in genibus armatus, armatura, quam Germani (·die Streiffteschen·) vocare solent. Hastae habeant Trochleas versatiles, quae medium viri brachium contegant. Equus obcaecatur strato serico. Sicuti in hac figura cernere licet.
		[22] Then they ride towards each other in said strifing jousting.	[116v17r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		[No translation] Joust of war called bundt is performed thus: the man is equipped with a back and front harness, and an old helmet for joust of war with a large steel beard, that flies off at lance contact, and the arm is bare, and he has a large arret in which the lance is inserted and onto which is fastened a vamplate covering half the man's arm, as well as a strafe flanchard, he sits without saddle but on a small cushion and the horse is adorned with a silk caparison, as the following illustration is showing.
		[23] In this manner they enter the arena to the joust in what the Germans call "den bund". Jousting called ”den Bund” in German is performed thus: the rider himself wears a helmet that we in German call "ain Rennhuet", and a harness equipped with a large hook. Furthermore he wears a metal beard, that flies off at first contact with the lance. On the arms there is no armour, but on the other hand his knees must be protected with what is called "die straiffteschen". No saddle is to be used. The lance has a movable vamplate, that covers half the man’s arm. The horse is covered in a silk caparison, and blindfolded by it, as you may understand from this picture.	[118r] Hoc modo in harenam descenditur, quod Tyrocinium Germani (den bund·) Vocant. [119v] Tyrocinium, quod Germani (·den bund·) vocant, instituitur. Vir ipse habeat galeam, quam Germanicè (·ain Rennhuet·) vocamus, atque Thoracem, cum unco magno. Deinde ferream barbam gerat, quae ad hastae tactum desiliat. In brachÿs nulla sit armatura. In genu vero armatus esse debet cum armatura, quam (die straiffteschen·) vocant. Nullo omnino utatur Ephippio. Hasta habeat Trochleam versatilem, qua medium viri brachium contegat. Equus strato serico tegatur atque obcaecatur. Quemadmodum ex hac figura cognoscere liquet.
		[24] Here they ride at each other, in said sportly joust.	[118v19r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		In this manner the joust of war with the steel pans is performed. The joust of war with steel pans is usually done in this manner: the man is wearing an old armour both in front and back, to which a large arret is attached, and into which the lance is put, as well as a large vamplate that covers half of the arm. On the chest is attached a large iron grill, which is the target area. Apart from that he is completely without armour, and without saddle, except for a small cushion. The horse is adorned and blindfolded by a silk caparison, as shown in the picture below.
		[25] Thus they enter the arena to compete in jousting with pans, called "in der pfannen" in German. Pan jousting, or in German "das pfannen rennen", is performed in this manner: the rider has no armour at all, on his chest he has a large shield with a steel grill, in which the lance is stuck, and must keep it there. He sits on the horse without any saddle. The horse itself is covered and blindfolded by a silk caparison, as is clearly displayed in this picture.	[120r] Ad hunc modum in harenam descendunt pugnaturi in Sartagine, quod Germani (·In der Pfannen·) vocant. [121v] Tyrocinium Sartaginis, Germanicè (·das Pfannen rennen·) vocant, hoc modo fit. Vir absque omni armatura sit. In pectore vero habeat Clypeum magnum, cum craticula ferrea, in qua hasta figatur, et quo tendere debet. Sine omni ephippio equo insideat. Ipse equus quoque tectus, et obcaecatus sit strato serico. Sicuti haec figura apertè demonstrat.
		[26] Then they run at each other in said pan joust.	[120v21r] Sic utrinque alter alterum petit in predicto Tyrocinio, sub armatura ex Calybe facta, ut dictum est.
		Sir Wolffgang von Bolhaim, always a master of joust of war and piece.
		The end.	Finis.
		Sir Wolffgang von Bolhaim, always a master of joust of war and piece.			This is the right old tournament armour, with all parts and how they are arranged. Old torney on horse for sport is usually done in this manner: the man is equipped with an old field armour, without leg armour and sabatons, only a pair of boots with soft bootlegs, old shoulders and old arm harness. On the head an old tournament helmet and in with his old tournament gauntlets. On the chest there is a chain that a battle club is hanging from. The man is sitting on an old tournament saddle, and the horse is adorned with an old steel crupier, peytral and flanchards, that are attached to the saddle, as well as old steel peytral and chanfron as the following pictur shows. In this manner is the old tourney with clubs done.