View source for Nicolaüs

{{Infobox writer
| name                 = [[name::Nicolaüs Augsburger]]
| image                = 
| imagesize            = 
| caption              = 

| pseudonym            = 
| birthname            = 
| birthdate            = 
| birthplace           = 
| deathdate            = after 1489
| deathplace           = 
| occupation           = [[Fencing master]]{{#set:occupation=Fencing master}}
| nationality          = 
| ethnicity            = 
| citizenship          = Augsburg, Germany
| education            = 
| alma_mater           = 
| patron               = 

| spouse               = 
| children             = 
| relatives            = 
| period               = 
| movement             = Augsburg tradition
| influences           = [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
| influenced           = [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]]

| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
| language             = [[language::Early New High German]]
| notableworks         = 
| archetype            = Currently lost
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 | [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod.I.6.2º.2]] (1523)
 | [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|Cgm 3711]] (1523)
 | [[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|MS E.1939.65.354]] (1533)
 | [[Lienhart Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cgm 3712)|Cgm 3712]] (1556)
 | [[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º]] (1588)
}}
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition= 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]

| signature            = 
| below                = 
}}
{{foreignchar|Nicolaus Augsburger|ü}}
'''Nicolaüs''' was a [[century::15th century]] German [[fencing master]], presumably from Augsburg.<ref>His work is only associated with treatises by Aurgsubrg residents.</ref> Nothing is known about this master outside of his treatise, but he seems to have been an initiate of the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] (his treatise always appears coupled with a repetition of the grand master's [[Zettel|Record]]). On or around 2 July 1489,<ref>The date of the Visitation of Mary, the feast day mentioned in the Glasgow version of his treatise.</ref> he seems to have completed some version of a gloss on fencing with the [[long sword]], apparently based on a the anonymous [[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital.

== Stemma ==

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig [[gloss]] seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered a fourth branch).

Branch A, first attested in the [[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg version]] (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of [[Andre Liegniczer]] and [[Martin Huntfeltz]] (or, in the case of the 1512 [[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna II]], Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the [[Jud Lew]] gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg version]] (1491), which was copied independently<ref>Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.</ref> and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by [[Paulus Hector Mair]] (three mss., 1540s), [[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Lienhart Sollinger]] (1556), and [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Joachim Meyer]] (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for [[Johannes Lecküchner]]'s gloss on the [[Messer]] in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome version]] (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The [[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow version]] (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,<ref>Zabinski, pp 82-83</ref> while [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Augsburg II]] (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow version]] (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg version II]] (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of [[Antonius Rast]], and which segues into the text of [[Ringeck]]'s gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]]; one of these, [[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|Glasgow II]] (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

== Treatise ==

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in the [[pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of [[Jud Lew]], Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Danzig page, and branch C is presented here.

To allow easier comparison between the two complete versions, Augsburg II is presented in the column next to Vienna, before the earlier fragmentary versions.

{{master begin
 | title = Long Sword Gloss
 | width = 240em
}}
<section begin="credits"/>
{| class="floated master"
|- 
! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Transcription II]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
! <p>[[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1523){{edit index|Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|Munich Transcription I]] (1523){{edit index|Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)}}<br/>by [[Filip Lampart]] and [[Martin Fabian]]</p>
! <p>[[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1533){{edit index|Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)}}<br/></p>
! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription II]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p>
! <p>[[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]] (1588){{edit index|Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)}}<br/>by [[Kevin Maurer]]</p>
<section end="credits"/>
|- 
| <p><ref name="cgm3712">In Cgm 3712, there is no demarcation between the verse and the gloss, and these two paragraphs appear to belong to the verse.</ref>High-hew, Wrath-hew, Wrath point, War-hew, Four openings, Crooked-hew, Thwart-hew, Ox and Plow, Squint-hew, Four Positions, Four Oppositions, Following-after, Passing-over, Setting-aside, Severing, Two hangings, Speaking-window, Crown. The devices of Johannes Liechtenauer’s sword.</p>
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| <p><ref name="cgm3712"/>'''The 7 Master-hew'''</p>

<p>Wrath-hew, Crooked-hew, Half-hew,<ref>Lecküchner (M) 46r, 66v; Cgm 3711 45r; Gunterrodt E1r. Possibly the Verkehrer in the Zwerch plays as noted in Rome</ref> Crossed-hew,<ref>Possibly the Ochs-Pflug transition in the Zwerch plays</ref> Thwart-Changing-hew,<ref>This may be a garbled 'Durchwechselhau'. Namely, a Schielhau or possibly the Ochs/Pflüg Zwerch</ref> Parting-hew, Crown-hew.</p>
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| <p>This is the text of the three windings: that is a hew, a stab, a slice, a sweep<ref>Seems garbled</ref> and is also the text of the long recital of the long sword of Liechtenauer’s Art and expository gloss.</p>
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| <p><ref>Here the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] is similar to [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], whereas the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsberg version]] doesn't resemble any other gloss.</ref></p>

<p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>

<p>Understand it like this: When you come to him with the onset, whatever you then wish to fence, do that with the entire strength of your body and with that, hew cleave in close by into his head and into his body and remain with the point in front of his face so that he cannot change through beforehand with the point. If he then displaces with strength and allows his point to go high or to one side and remains low with the hands, then beforehand give him a biter upon the arm. Or if he drives high up with the sword when he parries, then slash him with a free hew below to his body and immediately step back backwards with that, before he comes to his senses, thus he is defeated.</p>
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<p>Note the wrath-hew breaks any mis-turned-hew with the point and is yet nothing other than a simple peasant strike. Work it like this: When he hews high to your head from your right side, then you also cleave in identically with him from your right side from high without any displacement, wrathfully atop his sword and let the point shoot in long forwards into his face or his chest.</p>
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<p>Mark how you shall work with the point from the wrath-hew and understand this like this: When you wrathfully cleave-in with him, if he then holds-against strongly with the displacement, if you then do not wish to take above as before, then be strong again upon the sword and drive up with the arms and wind on his sword and stab him in above into the face. If he becomes aware of the stab and drives up high and displaces, then remain standing like this in the winding and hold your hilt before your head and impale him with the point.</p>
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<p>You shall know the four openings on a person. The first opening is the right side and the second the left above the girdle of the man. the other two, they are also the right and the left sides below the girdle, if you wish to slash or hew it surely.</p>

<p>When you come upon him with the onset, then select one of those openings at that moment and initiate a hew skillfully to that opening and not to the sword and do not pay attention to whatever he fences against you. If he then parries your hew, then immediately work in the displacement with the point or otherwise high to the nearest opening. And always watch like this for the openings of the body and of the sword and how you shall hunt the four openings and fence into them will be explained to you hereafter in the play that says there: "Set upon four ends, remain thereupon to learn winding".</p>
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<p>This is when one cleaves you in earnestly. If you wish to then wreak yourself onto him and take-on and break his opening with art so that he must allow himself to be slain without his thought, then drive the doubling against the strong of his sword and the mutating against the weak, for I say to you truthfully that he can not situate nor defend himself before blows and may therefore not come to strike.</p>
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| <p><ref>Here the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] is similar to [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], whereas the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsberg version]] resembles [[Jud Lew]].</ref></p>
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<p>Gloss The inverter. This is the half-hew. You shall deliver it suspiciously with the onset when you want to overwhelm the opponent so that you may run-through him and correctly clasp him with wrestling.</p>
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<p>When you have gone halfway to him with the onset, then take the second half further on to him, over and over with the left foot forwards and hew an under-hew after each tread in accordance with the left foot. and with the hew, turn always turn the long edge upwards on the sword and hew after with the long edge back downwards and as soon as you bind on his sword, then hang in the point high and stab him in the face. If he displaces the stab and drives high with the arms then run-through.</p>

...

<p>Or if you do not wish to shove him over the foot, then drive him with the left arm behind his body and throw him over your left hip.</p>
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| <p>You shall find how you shall run-through written hereafter in the play that says it like this: "Run through, let hang; with the pommel grab if you wish to wrangle"</p>
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007r.jpg|1|lbl=7r|p=1}}
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|- 
| <p><br/></p>

<p>When you come to him with the onset, set the left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then hews you from high at your head, twist your sword and hew long against his hew with the short edge from outstretched arms high over his sword into his face or his chest. If he is then also deceptive and withholds his sword with the hew and changes through below, let the hew shoot forwards and remain like this with the point in front of his face or chest so that he may not come through below.</p>
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
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<section begin="Schilhaw"/>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text on the Squint-hew'''</p>

<p><br/><br/></p>

<p>Learn: When you enter with the Onset, then you shall Squint<ref>leer, scowl, make a secret or subtle glance.</ref> with the face whether he fences short against you. With that, You shall discern when he strikes directly toward you. If he does not then stretch the arms long from him with the sword’s hew, then the sword is shortened before him. When you lay before him in the guard the Fool: if he wishes to fall thereupon with his sword, then it is short. If he is Positioned in the guard of the Oxen or of the Plows, then it is again shortened. Know as well that all windings with the sword before the opponent are short and shorten the sword and everything which thus fences against you. In that case, change freely with the long point throughout hewing and throughout thrusting so that you force them so they must parry and let themselves become struck.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| 
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007v.jpg|1|lbl=7v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 45r.jpg|2|lbl=45r}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 46r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| '''[180v]'''
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|5|lbl=50r}}

{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v}}
<p>Lehren wañ du mit dem zuvechten zugangest so soltu schilchñ mit dem gsicht, ob er kurtz gegen dir ficht, das solttu beÿ dem erkennen wañ er dir zu hawt, raicht er den die arm mit dem schwertt, dem uberlauffen, so ist es aber vekürtzt er sich den gegen dir in die huet des ochsens oder des pfluegs, so ist es aber vekürtzt, auch wiss das alle winden mit dem schwertt vor dem man kurtz seind und vekürtzen das kurtz schwertt, vnd alle die also gegen dir fe[] den wechsel frölich durch aus hauwen, unnd stechen, mit dem schwert, damit zwingestu sÿ das sÿ das miessen vesetzen unnd schlagen lassen</p>

|- 
| <p><br/><br/></p>

<p>Squint to the point<br/>and take the neck without fear.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note this is a counter against the long point with a expression of the face and execute it thusly: When you approach with the Onset, if he then stands and holds his point against your face or chest, then hold you sword in the right Ox and Squint to<ref>Leer at</ref> his point and act as if you wish to strike it and strike strongly from the Squint-hew with the short edge upon his sword and from there shoot the point long to the neck with a step of the right foot.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 45r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 46r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 46v.jpg|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
| '''[181r]''' 
| 
| 
<p>Schilch zu dem ort<br/>unnd nim den hals on forcht,</p> <p>das is ein bruch mit dem langen ort, mit einer betreibtnus des ge sichts den treib also, weñ du mit zufechten kumbst, stat er den unnd halt den ort geg[] dem gsicht oder brust, so halt das shwert in den rechten ochsen, unnd schilch mit dem gsich[] zu dem ort, unnd thu als du in darzu hauwen wöllest, und hauw starck aus d[] schilchr mit den kurtzen schneid an sein schwert, und scheub im den ort damit lang ein zu</p>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text.'''</p>

<p>Squint-hew deftly to the<br/>forehead if you wish to ruin.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note this is another counter for when he stands against you in the long point. If you wish to strike the hands, then Squint<ref>Leer</ref> at him with your face to his head and act as if you wish to strike there and strike him out of the Squint-hew with the point to the hands.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 45r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 45v.jpg|1|lbl=45v|p=1}}
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| 
<section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text on the Parting-hew'''</p>

<p>The Parter<br/>threatens the face.<br/>With it’s turn,<br/>the chest is firmly threatened.<br/>Whatever comes from it,<br/>the Crown takes away.<br/>It slices through the Crown,<br/>so that you counter. Be firm<br/>and really press the strong.<br/>Exit with slicing.</p>

<p>Gloss. The Parter counters the guard of the Fool and threatens the face and the chest with its turn quite perilously. Execute it thusly: When you approach with the Onset, if he Positions himself in the guard of the Fool, then advance your left foot and hold your sword with arms stretched high above your head in the guard From-the-day and leap toward him and hew down strongly with the long edge from above and remain high with the arms and such that one’s hilt stands upward, binds upon his sword, that is called the crown, and rises with that and shoves your point. So wind through your sword and his crown with the edge below the pommel to his arms and press. Thus the crown is broken again and with the down pressing edge and withdraw yourself with that.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008r.jpg|1|lbl=8r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 46v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47r.jpg|1|lbl=47r|p=1}}
| 
<br/>'''[181v]''' 
| '''[92v]''' 
| 
<section end="Scheitelhaw"/><section begin="Leger"/>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the Positions or guards'''</p>

<p>Therefore hold the four Positions<br/>and flee the common.<br/>Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>From-the-Day are not to be despised by you.</p>

<p>Gloss: Note. The four Positions are the four guards that you shall fence from. The first guard is called the Ox. Arrange yourself thusly: Stand with your left foot forward and hold your sword next to your right side with the hilt before your head such that the short edge stands against you and the point against his face.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|1|lbl=110r}}
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| 
'''[182r]''' 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 051v.jpg|1|lbl=51v}}

{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|1|lbl=52r}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Arrange yourself thusly in the Ox to your left side: Stand with your right foot forward and hold your sword next to your left side with the hilt before your head such that the long edge stands against you and with the point against his face. This is the Ox to both sides.</p>
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|- 
| <p><br/></p>

<p>Item. The second guard is called the Plow so, arrange yourself thusly. Place your left foot forward and hold your sword with turned hands with the pommel downward next to the right side toward the hip and such that the short edge is above and the point against the face.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46r.jpg|1|lbl=46r}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

<p><br/><br/><br/>'''[182v]''' </p>
| <p>'''[93r]''' </p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
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|- 
| <p>Item. To the left side arrange yourself thusly in the Plow: Place your right foot forward and hold your sword next to your left side with the pommel downward [toward] the hip and such that the long edge is above and the point to the face. This is the Plow to both sides.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|- 
| <p>Item. The third is called the Fool. Array yourself with it thusly: Place your right foot forward and hold your sword with your right arm before you with the point pointing to the earth and the short edge is turned above.</p>
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|1|lbl=8v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47v.jpg|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
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|- 
| <p><br/></p>

<p>Item. The fourth guard is called From-the-Day. Array yourself with it thusly: Place your left foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms with the point high above your head and stand thusly in the guard.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
<section end="Leger"/><section begin="Vorsetzen"/>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the four Oppositions'''<ref>Versetzen. To parry, transpose.</ref></p>

<p>Four are the Oppositions<br/>that severely beleaguer the Masters or Positions.<br/>Be aware of the Oppositions.<br/>If it happens to you, it vexes you.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note that you have heard about the guards before, so you shall now know which hew breaks the four guards in the Opposition. Know that the Crown Opposition does not belong to this, rather it is the four hews that break them.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| 
<br/><br/>'''[183r]''' 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. The first hew is the Crooked-hew that breaks the guard from the Ox.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. The second hew is the Thwart. It breaks the guard From the Day.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. The third hew is the Squinter that breaks the guard that is called the Plow.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. The fourth hew is the Parter that breaks the guard that is called the Fool and how the four guards are broken with the hews you shall find them written with the hews. So therefore restrain yourself such that you do not Oppose extensively, if you wish to otherwise not become struck.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052r.jpg|11|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|1|lbl=52v|p=1}}

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the Opposition'''</p>

<p>If you are Opposed<br/>and as it comes to be,<br/>listen to what I advise for you.<br/>Wrench away. Hew quickly with stepping.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note that if one has Opposed you and wishes to not remove themselves from your sword and intends to let you entirely come to no device, then act as if you wish to commit and pull the sword toward you until the mid-part of the blade and from there ascend quickly upon the sword and hew him quickly with the Doubling or with the short edge to the head...</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|13|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|1|lbl=46v}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 47v.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48r.jpg|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
| 
<br/><br/>'''[183v]''' 
| '''[93v]''' 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p><br/></p>

<p>...against his point as if you wish to take [away] and remain upon the sword and hew him again directly upon the blade with the long edge to the head.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|14|lbl=-}}
| 
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 008v.jpg|9|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|1|lbl=9r|p=1}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
<section end="Vorsetzen"/>
|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the four Impalings'''<ref>Ansetzen. to plant or position something in a specific place.</ref></p>

<p>Impale four ends.<br/>Remain thereupon. Learn if you wish to conclude.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note that Impaling is a earnest device if it seeks the Four Openings and is called to execute if you wish to give a quick ending.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110r.jpg|15|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|1|lbl=110v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p><ref>Here the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] is similar to [[Jud Lew]], whereas the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsberg version]] resembles [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]].</ref>Item. The Impaling executes thusly: When you approach with the sword with the Onset, Position yourself with your sword in the guard of the Ox or of the Plow. If he then wishes to hew or thrust from his right side, then pre-empt with the Opposition and shoot the long point to his left side opening and await whether you are allowed to Impale him. Or, if he hews from his left side, then shoot the point to his right side opening.</p>
| rowspan="2" | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <br/><br/><br/>'''[184r]''' 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Whoever hews toward you from below from their left side, shoot your point and impale him in exactly the same way as when he hews from the left side below. If he anticipates the impaling, then Parry and remain with your sword upon his and deftly work to the nearest Opening. Thus you allow him to come to no art.</p>
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}

|- 
| 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| 
| 
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| 

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the Following-after'''</p>

<p>Learn to Follow-after:<br/>Duplicate or slice into the weapon.<br/>After the two outer captures,<br/>Your work begins.<br/>Examine whether the threats<br/>are soft or hard.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note: The Followings-after are various and many and are held to execute with great prudence against the fencer that ventures out and fences in long hews and otherwise does not have the rightful art of the sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 46v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48r.jpg|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
| 
{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}}

{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48v.jpg|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
| 
<br/><br/><br/>'''[184v]''' 
| '''[94r]''' 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. The first device from the Following-after executes thusly: When you approach with the Onset, advance your left foot and stand in the guard From-the-day and watch quite attentively what he will fence against you. If he hews high leftward from his shoulder, do not Parry him and wait such that he does not pass with the hew and Press. Note that as his sword goes downward against the earth with the hew, leap forth to his right side Opening before he comes up with his sword, thus he is struck.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| 
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009v.jpg|1|lbl=9v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| 
| 
| 
{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 052v.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 053r.jpg|1|lbl=53r|p=1}}

|- 
| <p>'''The device called the Iron Gate'''</p>

<p>Item. When he is himself hewing and you hew into him, if he then quickly rises with the sword and Parries, then remain strong with the long edge upon the sword. If he then begins to lift the sword upward, then spring with your left foot behind his right and strike him with the Thwart-hew or else to the right side to his head and thereafter work to his left with the Doubling or else with other devices thereafter as you sense whether he is hard or weak in the sword.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| 
<br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[185r]''' 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 053r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>'''This is another device'''</p>

<p>Item. When he is himself hewing before you and you hew into him, if you then bind upon his sword against his left side and he then strikes quickly out of the Opposition and with the Thwart-hew to your right side, then Simultaneously come with the Thwart-hew from below his sword against his left side upon his neck or spring with the left foot to his right side and also hew into his hew to his right side or execute the Slice above his arms to his head.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 48v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|1|lbl=49r|p=1}}
| 
| '''[94v]''' 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 053r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>'''Here note a good Following-after'''</p>

<p>Item. When you fence against him from the Low Hews or from the Sweeps or lay in the guard[of the Fool]. If he then falls upon it with the sword before you rise, remain below upon the sword and start upward. If he wishes to hew down your parrying out or wind upon the sword, then do not allow him to exit from the sword and thereupon follow after and work from there to his nearest opening.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 110v.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|1|lbl=111r|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 009v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48v.jpg|1|lbl=48v}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| 
<br/>'''[185v]''' 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 053r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Note you shall from all guards and with all guards Follow-after. Thus arrive quickly when he is himself hewing or uncovers with the sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010r.jpg|1|lbl=10r}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 053r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the Sensing and of the word that is called “Instantly”'''</p>

<p>[When] the Sensing teaches<br/>“Instantly”, the sword slices well.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note that the sensing in the sword and the word “Instantly” is the greatest art and when one is a master or wishes to be and cannot sense the Sensing and thereby cannot understand the word “Instantly”, then he is not a master. Rather, he is a Buffalo of the sword, therefore you shall learn to embody these two things well in all engagements.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <br/><br/>
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[186r]'''
| 
| 

|- 
| <p>'''Item. Note the Sensing thusly:'''</p>

<p>When you approach with the Onset and one binds another upon the sword, you shall Sense whether it is Soft or Hard within in your hand as the swords spark together and if you have been bound and as soon as you Sense it, then think of the word “Instantly”. That is, when you adequately Sense in that moment, you should work with the sword so he becomes struck before he becomes aware.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>

'''[95r]''' 
| 

|- 
| <p>Item. Here you shall note that of Sensing and the word Instantly, one cannot be without the other and understand this thusly: When you bind upon his sword, you must feel Soft or Hard with the word Instantly and when you have felt, you must again work with Instantly. Thus are they always with each other. When the word Instantly is in all devices, understand it thusly: Instantly Run-through from the Doubling and Instantly Mutate, Instantly Change-through, Instantly Run-through , Instantly take the Sword, Instantly do what your heart desires. Instantly is a sharp word. With it all masters of the sword’s woundings become accomplished.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 48v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47r.jpg|1|lbl=47r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[186v]''' 
| 
| 

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text'''</p>

<p>Follow-after twice.<br/>Apply the old Slice upon him with power.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note. This is how you shall execute the the Following-after to both sides and also bring the Slice therein. Understand it thusly: When he himself is hewing before you from the left or right sides, hew into him freely to the opening. If he then drives up as well and binds below you upon the sword, then note as soon as one sword sparks the other, Slice into his neck or fall and take the Slice.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010v.jpg|1|lbl=10v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|  
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<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>[End of page]
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 051r.jpg|1|lbl=51r}}

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text of the Passing-over'''</p>

<p>Whoever aims below<br/>and Passes-over, they become shamed above.<br/>When it sparks above,<br/>Strengthen yourself. That I desire to praise<br/>your powerful work. Soft<br/>or Hard and Press it, Double.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note this is how when one fences to you low, you shall Pass-over him. Understand it thusly: When you approach with the Onset, if he then hews to you low, do not Parry. Rather, note when his Low-hew goes against you, hew him high and long from your right shoulder and shoot the point to his face or breast and Impale him so he cannot reach you below. If he then arises from below and Parries, then remain with the long edge Strong upon the sword and work properly to the nearest Opening.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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<br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[187r]''' 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 051r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Notice when you have bound upon his sword Strongly. If he then strikes around from the Parrying to the other side, then bind upwards, over him Strongly with the long edge upon the Weak of his sword to his head and work it to the Opening. Also execute again around to both sides.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 49v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50r.jpg|1|lbl=50r|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 051r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text on how you shall Set-aside stab and hew'''</p>

<p>Learn to Set-aside.<br/>Stab. Artfully injure.<br/>Whoever thrusts upon you,<br/>your point hits and his breaks.<br/>Hit from both sides<br/>every time if you wish to step.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note the Setting-aside executes thusly: When you approach with the Onset. If he then places against himself against you as if he wishes to stab, then advance your left foot and stand against him in the guard of the Plow to your right side and give an Opening to your left. If he then thrusts to the Opening, then wind with the sword towards your left side against his thrust, the short edge upon his sword and Set him Aside such that your point always remains against him. Stay and stride ahead with the right foot and stab him to the face or chest.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|1|lbl=111v}}
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 010v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011r.jpg|1|lbl=11r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47r.jpg|5|lbl=47r|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47v.jpg|1|lbl=47v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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'''[187v]''' 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 051r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Another device.</p>

<p>When you stand in the Plow to your right side and he then hews high to your left side Opening, then rise with the sword and wind with it towards the left side against his hilt before yours in the Ox and step toward with the right foot and thrust into his face or chest and the device executes from the left side as well, also from the Plow, except from the right side.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| <br/><br/><br/>'''[188r]'''
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| 

|- 
| <p>'''This is the text on how you shall Change-through'''</p>

<p>Learn to Change-through<br/>from both sides. Do not thrust violently.<br/>Whoever binds upon,<br/>Change-through, find him askance.</p>

<p>Gloss. Note that the Changing-through are various and many that you may execute from all Hews against the fencer that Parries against them, that Hews to them and not to the Openings of the body. You shall learn them quite well, executing them with prudence so that one cannot impale you or otherwise approach while you Change-through.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
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|- 
| <p>'''Item. The Changing-through executes thusly:'''</p>

<p>When you approach with the Onset, hew high and long to the head. If he then hews against you to the sword and not to the body, then allow your point to Change-through below with the hew before he binds upon your sword and stab him to the other side. If he becomes aware of the thrust and pursues the thrust with Parrying quickly with the sword, then again Change-through to the other side. Always execute when he pursues the sword with Parrying and this executes to both sides.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 47v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 49r.jpg|1|lbl=49r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/></p>

<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 188v.jpg|1|lbl=188v|p=1}}</p>
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|- 
| <p>Item. Another.</p>

<p>When you approach with the Onset, advance your left foot and hold the long point against his face. If he then hews from high or low to the sword and wishes to strike it away or bind Strongly, then let the point sink downward and stab him to the other side and this executes against all hews that one hews to the swords and not to the Openings of the body.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 011v.jpg|1|lbl=11v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 188v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|- 
| <p>Item. Note this device especially</p>

<p>when he Parries before you and allows the point to already run.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 111v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 112r.jpg|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 112r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 112v.jpg|1|lbl=112v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 112v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 112v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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<p><br/><br/></p>

<p>This is a break against the falling-across of your sword</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 112v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 012v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 013r.jpg|1|lbl=13r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS KK5126 113v.jpg|1|lbl=113v}}
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<p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>

<p>Gloss. This is a lesson and exhortation of the hangings and the windings of the sword that you shall be quite well practiced and fluent with them so that you can drive them swiftly and from those, to drive the plays and breaks against his breaks correctly. Because the hangings are four. Two belong below and two above. They are the ox and the plow. from those, you shall bring eight winds. You shall also consider and correctly weigh these eight winds such that you shall deploy the three wounders (that is, a hew, a stab, a cut) from each one of the winds in particular.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 113v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|- 
| <p>Deploy them like this: When you come to him with the onset, stand in the ox from the right side. If he then cleaves-in high to your left side, then wind the short edge against his hew into his sword into the ox and stab him high into the face. This is one winding.</p>

<p>If he then parries the stab, then remain in the sword and wind the short edge above to your right side into the ox on his sword and thrust him high into the face. These are two winds on the sword from the over-hanging from the right side.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 113v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 44v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 45v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[179v]''' </p>
| <p>'''[91v]''' </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|2|lbl=50r}}

|- 
| <p>Item: The second upper hanging deploys thusly. When you approach with the Onset, stand in the Ox on the left side. If he then strikes high to your right side, wind the long edge against his strike upon his sword and thrust high to the face. That is one winding.</p>

<p>If he lowers the thrust, remain upon his sword and wind the long edge again high to the face into the Ox on the left side upon his sword. Those are four winding out of the two upper hangings.</p>
| 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 113v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 114r.jpg|1|lbl=114r|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 44v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 45v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/><br/>'''[180r]''' </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Now know that there are also two lower hangings form the plow. You shall deploy four winds with all their applications like the upper hangings. Thus, the windings become eight and note each time you wind, then in each individual winding, you shall think to deploy to the hew, to the stab and cut. Like this 24 come from winding and how you shall deploy hew, stab and cut, you shall find that as is written in the plays before this.</p>

<p>You shall also expertly learn the eight winds with stepping to both sides before all things and note as soon as you wind, you shall do nothing more than: in each individual wind, test the two applications whether they are soft or hard on the sword. then, thereafter deploy the play that subsequently becomes clear to you.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 114r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 44v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 45r.jpg|1|lbl=45r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cgm 3711 45v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 46r.jpg|1|lbl=46r|p=1}}
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| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>'''[92r]''' </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}

|- 
| <p>Item. Here ends the text from the recital of the long sword as one shall guard themself in the sword: To impede all strides and measure, and thrust and hew, sweep amid blows and also all Openings and when one is soft, so you are Strong and when one is Strong, so you are soft, thus you find Weak and Strong with each other well in the Guard.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 49r.jpg|4|lbl=49r}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 50v.jpg|5|lbl=50v}}
| 
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 188v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 189r.jpg|1|lbl=189r|p=1}}
| <p>'''[95v]''' </p>
| 

|- 
| <p>Item. It is to be known that the nearing<ref> closing-in</ref> and the two hangings and the sliding<ref>shifting</ref> and the concave<ref>curved, hollow, empty, concave, bowed, arched</ref> parrying, and the golden Art breaks the Art. These five devices that break the record. Also, if one properly manifests that breaks it with one or two plays, then it breaks a hew [with] another and a play [with] another and one thrust breaks the other. Gloss. Note.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 49r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| 

|- 
| <p>Thanks to God, amen. Nicolaus did this in the year 1489 in the vigil of the Virgin Mary of reason.</p>
| 
| 
| 
| 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 189r.jpg|1a|lbl=-}}
| 
| 

|- 
| <p>Here ends Jörg Wilhalm Hütter's Art of the sword of Augsburg, etc.</p>
| 
| 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.2 49r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:Cgm 3711 51r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| 
| <p>Jorgens Wilhalms Huters khunst zu augsurg des langen schwerts</p>

<p>1556<br/>~ ~ ~ ~</p>
| 

|}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
  | title = Copyright and License Summary
  | width = 100%
}}
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].

<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation
 | authors     = [[Christian Trosclair]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= Wiktenauer
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Transcription]]
 | authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)]]
 | license     = copyrighted
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Transcription II]]
 | authors     = [[Werner Ueberschär]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Augsburg Transcription I]]
 | authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)]]
 | license     = copyrighted
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|Munich Transcription I]]
 | authors     = [[Filip Lampart]] and [[Martin Fabian]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)]]
 | license     = copyrighted
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|Glasgow Transcription]]
 | authors     = 
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)]]
 | license     = 
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription II]]
 | authors     = 
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)]]
 | license     = 
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Künnst zu fechten vonn David Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]]
 | authors     = [[Kevin Maurer]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:Künnst zu fechten vonn David Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)]]}}
 | license     = noncommercial
}}
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
{{master end}}

== Additional Resources ==



== References ==

{{reflist|2}}
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Masters]]

[[Category:German]]

[[Category:Research/Background Information]]

[[Category:Longsword]]