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Difference between revisions of "Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)"

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{{Infobox manuscript
 
{{Infobox manuscript
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
<!----------Name---------->
−
| name             = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
+
| name               = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
−
| location         = [[inventory::MS U860.F46 1450]], [[museum::Yale Center for British Art]]<br/>New Haven, Connecticut
+
| location           = [[inventory::MS U860.F46 1450]], [[museum::Yale Center for British Art]]<br/>New Haven, Connecticut
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
−
| imageleft       = File:MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg
+
| imageleft         = File:MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg
−
| imageright       = File:MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
+
| imageright         = File:MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
−
| width           = x130px
+
| width             = x160px
−
| caption         = ff IIIv - 1r
+
| caption           = ff Ⅲv - 1r
 +
| keyimage          = File:MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
−
| Index number    =  
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::GN]]
−
| Hils' catalog   = [[HK::21| ]][[HK::23|21 / 23]]
+
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::08|8]]
−
| Beck catalog     = [[BC::38.2.1]]
+
| Hils' catalog     = [[HK::21]]<br/>[[HK::23]]
−
| Also known as   = {{plainlist | Ars Palaestra | Fencing Manual, P. M. Bequest | MS Membr.H 109 | MS Membr.II 109 | MS 'T' }}
+
| Beck catalog       = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/2/1 38.2.1] {{#set:BC=38.2.1}}
−
| Type             = {{plainlist | [[type::Fencing manual]] | [[type::Wrestling manual]] }}
+
| Also known as     = {{plainlist
−
| Date             = ca. [[year::1440s]]
+
| Fencing Manual, P. M. Bequest
−
| Place of origin = Bavaria, Germany (?)
+
| MS 'T'
−
| Language(s)     = [[language::Early New High German]]
+
}}
−
| Scribe(s)       =  
+
| Type               = {{plainlist
−
| Author(s)       = Unknown
+
| [[type::Fencing manual]]
−
| Compiled by     =  
+
| [[type::Wrestling manual]]
−
| Illuminated by   =  
+
}}
−
| Patron           =  
+
| Date               = [[year::1430s]]
−
| Dedicated to     =  
+
| Place of origin   = Bavaria (?)
 +
| Language(s)       = [[language::Early New High German]]
 +
| Scribe(s)         =  
 +
| Author(s)         = Unknown
 +
| Compiled by       =  
 +
| Illuminated by     =  
 +
| Patron             =  
 +
| Dedicated to       =  
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
−
| Material         = Parchment, bound in 20th century<br/>blind tooled brown morocco
+
| Material           = Parchment, bound in 20th century <br/>blind-tooled brown morocco
−
| Size             = 43 [[folia]]
+
| Size               = 43 [[folia]] (178 mm × 165 mm)
−
| Format           = Double-sided; one illustration per<br/>side, with text below
+
| Format             = Double-sided; one illustration per side, <br/>with text below
−
| Condition       =  
+
| Condition         =  
−
| Script           = [[script::Bastarda]]
+
| Script             =  
−
| Contents         =  
+
| Contents           =  
−
| Illumination(s) =  
+
| Illumination(s)   =  
−
| Additions       =  
+
| Additions         =  
−
| Exemplar(s)     = [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5012]] (1430s)
+
| Exemplar(s)       =  
−
| Previously kept  =
+
| Previously kept    = MS Membr.II 109, [[Forschungsbibliothek Gotha|Schloß Friedenstein]]
−
| Discovered       =  
+
| Discovered         =  
−
| Website         = [http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/2034813 Museum catalog listing]
+
| Website           = [http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/2034813 Museum catalog entry]
−
| Images           = [[:Category:MS U860.F46 1450|Digital scans]] (1000x1050)
+
| Images             = [[:Category:MS U860.F46 1450|Digital scans]] (1000x1050)
 
}}
 
}}
−
The '''MS U860.F46 1450''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1440s.<ref>The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the [[Yale Center for British Art]] in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and seems to have been written by the same scribe as the [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|Vienna version]]. The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.
+
The '''MS U860.F46 1450''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1430s.<ref>The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the [[Yale Center for British Art]] in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and it seems to be the oldest member of the group.
  
−
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of devices of [[armored fencing]] following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[longsword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fencing, but Gladiatoria skips that stage entirely.)
+
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of [[armored fencing]] pieces following the traditional progression of a knightly duel: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[sword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
  
−
Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the MS KK5012, the manuscript with the most similar contents, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely.
+
Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5012]] (<small>GW</small>), the manuscript whose contents are most similar, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely, and an unknown number of complete leaves were lost when it was cut up and sold at auction in the 20th century.
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
Line 54: Line 62:
 
* 1940s-1960 – missing; unbound at some point and scattered.
 
* 1940s-1960 – missing; unbound at some point and scattered.
 
* 1960-1964 – several fragments acquired by AB Sandbergs Bokhandel in Stockholm, Sweden; one fragment listed as "MS T." (sold Stockholm, 1960-1964).
 
* 1960-1964 – several fragments acquired by AB Sandbergs Bokhandel in Stockholm, Sweden; one fragment listed as "MS T." (sold Stockholm, 1960-1964).
−
* 1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased every fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
+
* 1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased each fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
 
* 1999-present – held by the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, in the Paul Mellon Bequest.
 
* 1999-present – held by the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, in the Paul Mellon Bequest.
  
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== Contents ==
 
== Contents ==
  
−
{| class="wikitable treatise"
+
{| class="treatise"
−
|-
 
−
! id="page" | Folio
 
−
! Section
 
−
 
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
!  
+
! id="page" | Cover
−
| {{hidden begin
+
| {{treatise begin
−
   | title     = Front matter
+
   | title = Front matter
−
   | titlestyle= background:#f2f2f2; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-weight:normal; padding:0em 0.3em; vertical-align:middle; width:28em;
+
   | width = 60em
−
  | bodystyle = display:block; width:56em;
 
 
}}
 
}}
−
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
! English Translation
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
  
−
! Transcription
 
−
by [[Michael Chidester]]
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|  
+
| <p>'''GYMASTIC ARTS'''</p>
−
| [Spine:]
+
 
−
'''A R S'''<br/>'''P A L'''<br/>'''- A E -'''<br/>'''S T R A'''
+
'''X V s .'''
 +
| <p>[Spn] '''ARS PALAESTRA'''</p>
  
 
'''X V s .'''
 
'''X V s .'''
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|  
+
| <p>[P. M. Bequest sticker with the words "Oak Spring" and "Paul Mellon" around a picture of a wheat sheaf.]</p>
−
| [Inside Cover:]
+
| <p>[Cvr] [P. M. Bequest sticker with the words "Oak Spring" and "Paul Mellon" around a picture of a wheat sheaf.]</p>
−
[P. M. Bequest sticker with the words "Oak Spring" and "Paul Mellon" around a picture of a wheat sheaf.]
+
 
−
|- valign="top"
 
−
|
 
−
| '''[Three blank parchment leaves]'''
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
{{hidden end}}
+
{{treatise end}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|1r - 5r]]
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|1r - 5r]]
−
| [[Spear]] in [[armor]] from Gladiatoria
+
| [[Spear]] in [[armor]] from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|5v - 29v]]
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|5v - 29v]]
−
| [[Longsword]] in armor from Gladiatoria
+
| [[Sword]] in armor from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|30r - 40v]]
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|30r - 40v]]
−
| [[Dagger]] in armor from Gladiatoria
+
| [[Dagger]] in armor from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|41r - 43v]]
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|41r - 43v]]
−
| [[Wrestling]] from Gladiatoria
+
| [[Wrestling]] from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! 43v - 44v
 
! 43v - 44v
−
| {{hidden begin
+
| {{treatise begin
−
   | title     = Rear matter
+
   | title = Rear matter
−
   | titlestyle= background:#f2f2f2; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-weight:normal; padding:0em 0.3em; vertical-align:middle; width:28em;
+
   | width = 60em
−
  | bodystyle = display:block; width:56em;
 
 
}}
 
}}
−
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
! English Translation
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
  
−
! Transcription
 
−
by [[Michael Chidester]]
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|  
+
| <p>[Several Spanish names in a cursive handwriting from the 18th or 19th century that have no connection to Gladiatoria, but rather belonged to ''El testimonio vengado'', which was previously bound together with it.]</p>
−
| '''[43v]''' [Several Spanish names in a cursive handwriting from the 18th or 19th century that have no connection to Gladiatoria, but rather belonged to ''El testimonio vengado'', which was previously bound together with it.]
+
| <p>'''[43v]''' </p>
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| '''[Blank parchment leaf]'''
+
| <p>[Blank parchment leaf]</p>
 +
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|  
+
| <p>[Glued in insert with the YCBA logo and the following in pencil]</p>
−
| [Back cover:]
+
 
−
[Glued in insert with the YCBA logo and the following in pencil:]
+
U860<br/>.F46<br/>1450
 +
| <p>[Cvr] [Glued in insert with the YCBA logo and the following in pencil]</p>
  
 
U860<br/>.F46<br/>1450
 
U860<br/>.F46<br/>1450
 +
 
|}
 
|}
−
{{hidden end}}
+
{{treatise end}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
  
−
{{image|Cover|Cover 1|ph=1}}
+
Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Yale Center for British Art]].{{-}}
−
{{image|Cover|Cover 2|ph=1}}
+
 
−
{{image|Blank|Blank|ph=1}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 1}}
−
{{image|Blank|Blank|ph=1}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 2}}
−
{{image|Blank|Blank|ph=1}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
−
{{image|Blank|Blank|ph=1}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
−
{{image|Blank|Blank|ph=1}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg|Blank}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
+
{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 01v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg|Blank}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 02r.jpg|Folio 2r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 02v.jpg|Folio 2v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 01v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 03r.jpg|Folio 3r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 02r.jpg|Folio 2r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 03v.jpg|Folio 3v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 02v.jpg|Folio 2v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 04r.jpg|Folio 4r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 03r.jpg|Folio 3r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 04v.jpg|Folio 4v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 03v.jpg|Folio 3v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 05r.jpg|Folio 5r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 04r.jpg|Folio 4r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 05v.jpg|Folio 5v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 04v.jpg|Folio 4v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 06r.jpg|Folio 6r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 05r.jpg|Folio 5r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 06v.jpg|Folio 6v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 05v.jpg|Folio 5v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 07r.jpg|Folio 7r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 06r.jpg|Folio 6r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 07v.jpg|Folio 7v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 06v.jpg|Folio 6v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 08r.jpg|Folio 8r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 07r.jpg|Folio 7r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 08v.jpg|Folio 8v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 07v.jpg|Folio 7v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 09r.jpg|Folio 9r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 08r.jpg|Folio 8r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 09v.jpg|Folio 9v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 08v.jpg|Folio 8v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 10r.jpg|Folio 10r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 09r.jpg|Folio 9r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 10v.jpg|Folio 10v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 09v.jpg|Folio 9v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 11r.jpg|Folio 11r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 10r.jpg|Folio 10r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 11v.jpg|Folio 11v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 10v.jpg|Folio 10v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 12r.jpg|Folio 12r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 11r.jpg|Folio 11r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 12v.jpg|Folio 12v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 11v.jpg|Folio 11v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 13r.jpg|Folio 13r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 12r.jpg|Folio 12r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 13v.jpg|Folio 13v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 12v.jpg|Folio 12v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 14r.jpg|Folio 14r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 13r.jpg|Folio 13r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 14v.jpg|Folio 14v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 13v.jpg|Folio 13v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 15r.jpg|Folio 15r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 14r.jpg|Folio 14r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 15v.jpg|Folio 15v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 14v.jpg|Folio 14v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 16r.jpg|Folio 16r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 15r.jpg|Folio 15r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 16v.jpg|Folio 16v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 15v.jpg|Folio 15v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 17r.jpg|Folio 17r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 16r.jpg|Folio 16r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 17v.jpg|Folio 17v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 16v.jpg|Folio 16v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 18r.jpg|Folio 18r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 17r.jpg|Folio 17r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 18v.jpg|Folio 18v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 17v.jpg|Folio 17v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 19r.jpg|Folio 19r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 18r.jpg|Folio 18r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 19v.jpg|Folio 19v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 18v.jpg|Folio 18v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 20r.jpg|Folio 20r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 19r.jpg|Folio 19r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 20v.jpg|Folio 20v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 19v.jpg|Folio 19v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 21r.jpg|Folio 21r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 20r.jpg|Folio 20r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 21v.jpg|Folio 21v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 20v.jpg|Folio 20v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 22r.jpg|Folio 22r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 21r.jpg|Folio 21r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 22v.jpg|Folio 22v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 21v.jpg|Folio 21v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 23r.jpg|Folio 23r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 22r.jpg|Folio 22r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 23v.jpg|Folio 23v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 22v.jpg|Folio 22v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 24r.jpg|Folio 24r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 23r.jpg|Folio 23r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 24v.jpg|Folio 24v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 23v.jpg|Folio 23v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 25r.jpg|Folio 25r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 24r.jpg|Folio 24r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 25v.jpg|Folio 25v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 24v.jpg|Folio 24v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 26r.jpg|Folio 26r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 25r.jpg|Folio 25r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 26v.jpg|Folio 26v}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 25v.jpg|Folio 25v}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 27r.jpg|Folio 27r}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 26r.jpg|Folio 26r}}
−
{{image|MS U860.F46 1450 27v.jpg|Folio 27v}}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
−
* [[Hans-Peter Hils| Hils, Hans-Peter]]. "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts." ''Codices manuscripti''. Issue 13, 1987.
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
  
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
 +
 +
== Copyright and License Summary ==
 +
 +
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
 +
 +
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Images
 +
| authors    = [[Yale Center for British Art]]
 +
| source link = http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/2034813
 +
| source title= Yale Center for British Art
 +
| license    = public domain
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Transcription
 +
| authors    = [[transcriber::Dierk Hagedorn]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)]]
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
  
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]

Latest revision as of 18:14, 26 August 2024

Gladiatoria
MS U860.F46 1450, Yale Center for British Art
New Haven, Connecticut

MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg
MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
ff Ⅲv - 1r
HagedornGNLeng38.2.1
Wierschin8Hils21
23
Also known as
  • Fencing Manual, P. M. Bequest
  • MS 'T'
Type
Date 1430s
Place of origin Bavaria (?)
Language(s) Early New High German
Author(s) Unknown
Material Parchment, bound in 20th century
blind-tooled brown morocco
Size 43 folia (178 mm × 165 mm)
Format Double-sided; one illustration per side,
with text below
Previously kept MS Membr.II 109, Schloß Friedenstein
External data Museum catalog entry
Treatise scans Digital scans (1000x1050)

The MS U860.F46 1450 is a German fencing manual probably created in the 1430s.[1] The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the Gladiatoria group, a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and it seems to be the oldest member of the group.

The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of armored fencing pieces following the traditional progression of a knightly duel: beginning with spears and small shields called ecranches, moving to swords, then employing daggers on foot and on the ground. (Dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ecranche is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, but not directly influenced by it.[citation needed]

Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the MS KK5012 (GW), the manuscript whose contents are most similar, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely, and an unknown number of complete leaves were lost when it was cut up and sold at auction in the 20th century.

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS U860.F46 1450 is:

  • Created in the 1440s, probably using the same scribe as the MS KK5013.
  • before 1700 – possibly owned by Pedro de Egnrca.
  • before 1792 – owned by August, hereditary prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and bound together with a 17th century fragment of El testimonio vengado by Lope Felix de Vega Carpio (donated 1792).
  • 1792-1940s – held by the Forschungsbibliothek Schloß Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, and listed as "MS Memb II 109" (looted during or after World War II).
  • 1940s-1960 – missing; unbound at some point and scattered.
  • 1960-1964 – several fragments acquired by AB Sandbergs Bokhandel in Stockholm, Sweden; one fragment listed as "MS T." (sold Stockholm, 1960-1964).
  • 1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased each fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
  • 1999-present – held by the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, in the Paul Mellon Bequest.

(El testimonio vengado resurfaced sooner, having been acquired by Hauswedell & Nolte of Hamburg, Germany in 1953. Identified as a war loss, it was taken into custody by the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, and finally identified and returned to Gotha in 1997.)

Contents

Cover
1r - 5r Spear in armor from Gladiatoria
5v - 29v Sword in armor from Gladiatoria
30r - 40v Dagger in armor from Gladiatoria
41r - 43v Wrestling from Gladiatoria
43v - 44v

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Yale Center for British Art.

Cover 1
Cover 2
Blank
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MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS U860.F46 1450 01v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS U860.F46 1450 02r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS U860.F46 1450 02v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS U860.F46 1450 03r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS U860.F46 1450 03v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS U860.F46 1450 04r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS U860.F46 1450 04v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS U860.F46 1450 05r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS U860.F46 1450 05v.jpg
Folio 6r
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Folio 6v
MS U860.F46 1450 06v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS U860.F46 1450 07r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS U860.F46 1450 07v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS U860.F46 1450 08r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS U860.F46 1450 08v.jpg
Folio 9r
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Folio 9v
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Folio 10r
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Folio 10v
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Folio 11r
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Folio 11v
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Folio 12r
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Folio 12v
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Folio 13r
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Folio 13v
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Folio 14r
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Folio 14v
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Folio 15r
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Folio 15v
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Folio 16r
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Folio 16v
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Folio 17r
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Folio 17v
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Folio 18r
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Folio 18v
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Folio 19r
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Folio 19v
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Folio 20r
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Folio 20v
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Folio 21r
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Folio 21v
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Folio 22r
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Folio 22v
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Folio 23r
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Folio 23v
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Folio 24r
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Folio 24v
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Folio 25r
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Folio 25v
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Folio 26r
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Folio 26v
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Folio 27r
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Folio 27v
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Folio 28r
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Folio 28v
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Folio 29r
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Folio 29v
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Folio 30r
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Folio 30v
MS U860.F46 1450 30v.jpg
Folio 31r
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Folio 31v
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Folio 32r
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Folio 32v
MS U860.F46 1450 32v.jpg
Folio 33r
MS U860.F46 1450 33r.jpg
Folio 33v
MS U860.F46 1450 33v.jpg
Folio 34r
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Folio 34v
MS U860.F46 1450 34v.jpg
Folio 35r
MS U860.F46 1450 35r.jpg
Folio 35v
MS U860.F46 1450 35v.jpg
Folio 36r
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Folio 36v
MS U860.F46 1450 36v.jpg
Folio 37r
MS U860.F46 1450 37r.jpg
Folio 37v
MS U860.F46 1450 37v.jpg
Folio 38r
MS U860.F46 1450 38r.jpg
Folio 38v
MS U860.F46 1450 38v.jpg
Folio 39r
MS U860.F46 1450 39r.jpg
Folio 39v
MS U860.F46 1450 39v.jpg
Folio 40r
MS U860.F46 1450 40r.jpg
Folio 40v
MS U860.F46 1450 40v.jpg
Folio 41r
MS U860.F46 1450 41r.jpg
Folio 41v
MS U860.F46 1450 41v.jpg
Folio 42r
MS U860.F46 1450 42r.jpg
Folio 42v
MS U860.F46 1450 42v.jpg
Folio 43r
MS U860.F46 1450 43r.jpg
Folio 43v
MS U860.F46 1450 43v.jpg
Folio 44r
MS U860.F46 1450 44r.jpg
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Cover 3
Cover 4

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. ↑ The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Yale Center for British Art Yale Center for British Art
Public Domain.png
Transcription Dierk Hagedorn Index:Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)
Copyrighted.png
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