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Difference between revisions of "Main Page"
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| − | {{ | + | {{infobox writer |
| − | | name = Paulus | + | | name = Paulus Kal |
| − | | image = File: | + | | image = File:Paulus Kal.png |
| imagesize = 250px | | imagesize = 250px | ||
| − | | caption = | + | | caption = |
| pseudonym = | | pseudonym = | ||
| birthname = | | birthname = | ||
| − | | birthdate = | + | | birthdate = ca.1420s |
| − | | birthplace = | + | | birthplace = Dingolfing, Germany |
| − | | deathdate = | + | | deathdate = after 1485 |
| − | | deathplace | + | | deathplace = |
| − | + | | occupation = {{plainlist | [[Fencing master]] | [[Toll collector]] }} | |
| − | | occupation | + | | nationality = |
| − | |||
| − | | nationality = | ||
| ethnicity = | | ethnicity = | ||
| citizenship = | | citizenship = | ||
| education = | | education = | ||
| alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
| − | | patron = | + | | patron = {{plainlist | Ludwig IV "the Gentle" | Ludwig IX "the Rich" | Sigismund of Austria }} |
| + | | spouse = | ||
| + | | children = | ||
| + | | relatives = | ||
| period = | | period = | ||
| + | | movement = [[Society of Liechtenauer]] | ||
| + | | influences = {{plainlist | [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] | [[Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim]] }} | ||
| + | | influenced = [[Peter Falkner]] (?) | ||
| + | |||
| genre = {{plainlist | [[Fencing manual]] | [[Wrestling manual]] }} | | genre = {{plainlist | [[Fencing manual]] | [[Wrestling manual]] }} | ||
| − | | | + | | language = {{plainlist | [[Early New High German]] | [[New Latin]] }} |
| − | + | | notableworks = | |
| − | | notableworks = | + | | archetype = {{plainlist | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1458-1467) | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]] (ca.1470) }} |
| manuscript(s) = | | manuscript(s) = | ||
{{Collapsible list | {{Collapsible list | ||
| − | + | | title = List of manuscripts | |
| − | + | | 1 = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (ca.1480) | |
| − | + | | 2 = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|MS Chart.B.1021]] (1473-1503) | |
| − | + | | 3 = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Gotti MS)|Gotti MS]] (late 1400s) | |
| − | + | | 4 = [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Codex S.554]] (1506-1514) | |
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
| principal manuscript(s)= | | principal manuscript(s)= | ||
| − | | first printed edition= | + | | first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2006 |
| − | | wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]] | + | | wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]], [[Carsten Lorbeer]], [[Julia Lorbeer]], [[Andreas Meier]], [[Marita Wiedner]] |
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| translations = | | translations = | ||
| below = | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Paulus | + | '''Paulus Kal''' was a 15th century [[:German]] [[fencing master]]. He wrote that he studied martial arts under [[Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim]], and was an initiate of the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. He was also attached as ''Schirrmeister'' to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns. Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of deceased masters included in the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich version]] of his [[fencing manual]], which he styled the [[Society of Liechtenauer]] (''Geselschaft Liechtenauers''). While several of these masters remain unknown, the majority wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is interesting in that it represents the first attempt to illustrate Liechtenauer's Record (''Zettel''). |
| − | + | Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of the House of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the count's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates. The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons. | |
| − | + | Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of the House of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450. In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.{{cn}} From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing. In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December. Shortley thereafter, in ca. 1470, Paulus Kal created a second, expanded version of his fencing manual for Ludwig IX, the current [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]] (as well, possibly, as the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]]). Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son George, and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479. | |
| − | + | On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol. Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time. This is the final time that Kal's name appears in the histories. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, including the extensive [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]], but it is unknown if he directly commissioned any of them. | |
| − | + | In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least six manuscripts written between 1440 and 1514. The probable archetype, Cgm 1507, includes brief explanations in German for most devices (many extracted from Liechtenauer's record). There are four other text-less versions, and these were probably copied from the 1470 version. A [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Gotti MS)|sixth version]] was sold at auction in Italy during the 20th century as individual leaves; this copy contains single-word captions in Latin or Italian and was likely based on one of the four without text. In addition, [[Paulus Hector Mair]] based content in several sections of the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich version]] of his ''Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica'' on Kal's treatise. It appears that the copy he used for this was textless, and so he added his own extensive commentary on the images. The precise set of images Mair drew upon do not appear in any of the six extant manuscripts, which may signify that there was once a seventh copy of Kal's work which has since been lost. | |
| − | ([[Paulus | + | ([[Paulus Kal|Read more]]...) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="color:#000;" | <div style="margin:3px; border:1px solid #e1bd64; background:#faecc8; text-align:left; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">'''Recently Featured: [[Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]] – [[Peter Falkner]] – [[Das Ander Theil Des Newen Kůnstreichen Fechtbůches (Cod.Guelf.83.4 Aug.8º)|Cod.Guelf.83.4 Aug.8º | + | | style="color:#000;" | <div style="margin:3px; border:1px solid #e1bd64; background:#faecc8; text-align:left; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">'''Recently Featured: [[Paulus Hector Mair]] – [[Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]] – [[Peter Falkner]] – [[Das Ander Theil Des Newen Kůnstreichen Fechtbůches (Cod.Guelf.83.4 Aug.8º)|Cod.Guelf.83.4 Aug.8º]]'''</div> |
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Revision as of 01:53, 10 April 2014
Welcome to the Wiktenauer!The free library of Historical European Martial Arts books and manuscripts |
Without books no one can be a good teacher nor even a good student of this art. ~ Master Fiore de'i Liberi, ca. 1405 |
Wiktenauer is an ongoing collaboration among researchers and practitioners from across the Western martial arts community, seeking to collect all of the primary and secondary source literature that makes up the text of historical European martial arts research and to organize and present it in a scholarly but accessible format. The Wiktenauer project started in 2009, later receiving sponsorship from the Historical European Martial Arts Alliance, and is named for Johannes Liechtenauer, grand master of the oldest known longsword fencing style; his tradition was also the best-documented of the early Modern era, the subject of many dozens of manuscripts and books over a period of more than three centuries. Here are a few basic categories of pages that are being constructed:
- Master Pages host biographical information about each master, as well as the transcription and translation of his complete works. In cases of multiple copies of a master's work, the transcriptions are laid out side-by-side to facilitate the most accurate translation possible. To aid in interpretation, the writings will also be illustrated with images from the masters' work as available. A bibliography at the end of each page lists additional transcriptions, translations, and scans that are available in print. The exemplar for this category of pages is Fiore de'i Liberi. Ultimately, every master in all of the traditions of Western Martial Arts will have a dedicated page.
- Treatise Pages host all relevant data on a book or manuscript, including description, provenance, table of contents (with links to the appropriate master pages), gallery of page scans, and bibliography of additional print resources. The exemplar for manuscripts is the Goliath Fechtbuch, while the exemplar for printed books is Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey. Ultimately, every text in the corpus of Historical European Martial Arts literature will have a dedicated page.
- Technique Pages compile all of the relevant information from all of the relevant manuals on a particular technique, including transcriptions, translations, and images. There is also a section at the end of each page where groups may embed videos of their interpretations. The template for techniques is the Zornhaw. Ultimately, every technique mentioned in the manuals will have a dedicated page.
- Weapon Pages provide information about how a specific weapon form is described and used in the treatises, data on surviving artifacts, an overview of archaeological research pertinent to a given weapon, and a comprehensive index of the treatises and writers that discuss each weapon.
The wiki also features pages for HEMA groups, pages for HEMA events, general information pages, and almost other topic of interest to the HEMA community you can think of. If you'd like to pitch in, simply request an account and consult How can I help?
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Wiktenauer parent organizations
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Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) Alliance
A US educational non-profit which provides a range of programs and services for its members and affiliate schools and clubs, as well as serving the wider HEMA community. |
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Western Martial Arts Coalition (WMAC)
A pan-American network of researchers and instructors dedicated to the study of traditional European, American, and related fighting arts and martial traditions. |
Historical European Martial Arts Federations
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Australia Western Martial Academies of Australia |
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Austria Österreichischer Fachverband für Historisches Fechten |
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Belgium Societas Belgarum Scientiae Nobilis |
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Brazil Associação Brasileira de Artes Marciais Históricas Européias |
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Czech Republic Česká asociace šermířů |
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France Fédération Française des Arts Martiaux Historiques Européens |
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Galicia (Spain) Asociación Galega de Esgrima Antiga |
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Germany Deutscher Dachverband Historischer Fechter |
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Greece Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία |
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Hungary Magyar Hosszúkardvívó Sportszövetség |
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Italy Vnione Arti Dimicatorie Italia |
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Netherlands H.E.M.A.-bond Nederland |
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Poland Polska Federacja Dawnych Europejksich Sztuk Walki |
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Portugal Federação Portuguesa de Esgrima Histórica |
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Slovenia Historical European Martial Arts Federation of Slovenia |
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Spain Asociación Española de Esgrima Antigua Federación Española de Esgrima Histórica |
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Sweden Svenska HEMA-förbundet |
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Switzerland Swiss Federation for Historical European Martial Arts |
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United Kingdom British Federation for Historical Swordplay |
Wiktenauer sponsors
Each year Wiktenauer holds a two-week fundraising drive to cover our server fees and fund new projects and acquisitions. The following are the organizations are official sponsors of the 2015 fundraiser; a full list of donors can be viewed on the Contributors page.
Top three 2015 donors
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Kron Martial Arts |
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xKdF Network |
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Schola Saint George |
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Associació Catalana d'Esgrima Antiga |
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Boston Armizare |
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Fechtschule Victoria |
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Longpoint: HEMA Tournaments & Workshops |
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Noble Science Academy |
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Ottawa Swordplay |
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Purpleheart Armoury |
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The Rhode Island Fencing Academy and Club |
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School of European Swordsmanship |
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Sword to Sword - Kunst des Fechtens |
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Système d'Armes - New Orleans |
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Tattershall School of Defense |
