Difference between revisions of "Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)"

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Gladiatoria
	MS U860.F46 1450, Yale Center for British Art; New Haven, Connecticut
Also known as	Fencing Manual, P. M. Bequest ; MS 'T' ;
Type	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Date	1430s
Place of origin	Bavaria (?)
Language(s)	Early New High German
Author(s)	Unknown
Material	Parchment, bound in 20th century ; blind-tooled brown morocco
Size	43 folia (178 mm × 165 mm)
Format	Double-sided; one illustration per side, ; with text below
Previously kept	MS Membr.II 109, Schloß Friedenstein
External data	Museum catalog entry
Treatise scans	Digital scans (1000x1050)

Latest revision as of 18:14, 26 August 2024

The MS U860.F46 1450 is a German fencing manual probably created in the 1430s.^[1] The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the Gladiatoria group, a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and it seems to be the oldest member of the group.

The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of armored fencing pieces following the traditional progression of a knightly duel: beginning with spears and small shields called ecranches, moving to swords, then employing daggers on foot and on the ground. (Dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ecranche is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, but not directly influenced by it.^{[citation needed]}

Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the MS KK5012 (GW), the manuscript whose contents are most similar, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely, and an unknown number of complete leaves were lost when it was cut up and sold at auction in the 20th century.

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS U860.F46 1450 is:

Created in the 1440s, probably using the same scribe as the MS KK5013.
before 1700 – possibly owned by Pedro de Egnrca.
before 1792 – owned by August, hereditary prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and bound together with a 17th century fragment of El testimonio vengado by Lope Felix de Vega Carpio (donated 1792).
1792-1940s – held by the Forschungsbibliothek Schloß Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, and listed as "MS Memb II 109" (looted during or after World War II).
1940s-1960 – missing; unbound at some point and scattered.
1960-1964 – several fragments acquired by AB Sandbergs Bokhandel in Stockholm, Sweden; one fragment listed as "MS T." (sold Stockholm, 1960-1964).
1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased each fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
1999-present – held by the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, in the Paul Mellon Bequest.

(El testimonio vengado resurfaced sooner, having been acquired by Hauswedell & Nolte of Hamburg, Germany in 1953. Identified as a war loss, it was taken into custody by the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, and finally identified and returned to Gotha in 1997.)

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Yale Center for British Art.

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Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Hagedorn, Dierk; Bartłomiej Walczak (2015). Gladiatoria. New Haven - MS U860.F46 1450. Herne: VS-Books. ISBN 978-3-932077-42-5.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2015). "The Adventures of the Gladiatoria Manuscript from New Haven." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 3(1): 183-208. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0006.
Hils, Hans-Peter (1987). "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts." Codices manuscripti & impressi 13: 1-54.

References

↑ The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source	License
Images	Yale Center for British Art	Yale Center for British Art
Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)

[1] The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.

[1]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | imageleft          = File:MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg
 | imageright         = File:MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
-| width              = x130px
+| width              = x160px
-| caption            = ff IIIv - 1r
+| caption            = ff Ⅲv - 1r
 | keyimage           = File:MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg
 <!----------General---------->
-| Index number       = [[WI::—]]
+| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::GN]]
 | Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::08|8]]
-| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::21|21]] / [[HK::23|23]]
+| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::21]]<br/>[[HK::23]]
-| Beck catalog       = [[BC::38.2.1]]
+| Beck catalog       = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/2/1 38.2.1] {{#set:BC=38.2.1}}
 | Also known as      = {{plainlist
   | Fencing Manual, P. M. Bequest
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
   | [[type::Wrestling manual]]
 }}
-| Date               = ca. [[year::1440s]]
+| Date               = [[year::1430s]]
-| Place of origin    = Bavaria, Germany (?)
+| Place of origin    = Bavaria (?)
 | Language(s)        = [[language::Early New High German]]
 | Scribe(s)          =
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 | Dedicated to       =
 <!----------Form and content---------->
-| Material           = Parchment, bound in 20th <br/>century blind-tooled brown <br/>morocco
+| Material           = Parchment, bound in 20th century <br/>blind-tooled brown morocco
-| Size               = 43 [[folia]]
+| Size               = 43 [[folia]] (178 mm × 165 mm)
-| Format             = Double-sided; one illustration <br/>per side, with text below
+| Format             = Double-sided; one illustration per side, <br/>with text below
 | Condition          =
-| Script             = [[script::Bastarda]]
+| Script             =
 | Contents           =
 | Illumination(s)    =
 | Additions          =
-| Exemplar(s)        = [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5012]] (1430s)
+| Exemplar(s)        =
-| Previously kept    = MS Membr.II 109, [[Forschungsbibliothek Gotha|Schloß <br/>Friedenstein]]
+| Previously kept    = MS Membr.II 109, [[Forschungsbibliothek Gotha|Schloß Friedenstein]]
 | Discovered         =
 | Website            = [http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/2034813 Museum catalog entry]
 | Images             = [[:Category:MS U860.F46 1450|Digital scans]] (1000x1050)
 }}
-The '''MS U860.F46 1450''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1440s.<ref>The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the [[Yale Center for British Art]] in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and seems to have been written by the same scribe as the [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|Vienna version]]. The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.
+The '''MS U860.F46 1450''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1430s.<ref>The proposed date of the manuscript is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Paul Mellon Bequest) of the [[Yale Center for British Art]] in New Haven, Connecticut. The MS U860.F46 1450 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and it seems to be the oldest member of the group.
-The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of devices of [[armored fencing]] following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[longsword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fencing, but Gladiatoria skips that stage entirely.)
+The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of [[armored fencing]] pieces following the traditional progression of a knightly duel: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[sword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
-Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the MS KK5012, the manuscript with the most similar contents, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely.
+Unfortunately, parts of the manuscript are lost due to clipping and cropping of the pages. This makes the text occasionally difficult to read or to decipher at all. Comparison to the [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5012]] (<small>GW</small>), the manuscript whose contents are most similar, makes it clear that several centimeters are missing from the leaves; in some places even the arms or legs of the figures have been cut off, and other parts of the drawings are missing as well. Furthermore, the text passages at the bottom of ff 3, 4, and 7 have been cut out entirely, and an unknown number of complete leaves were lost when it was cut up and sold at auction in the 20th century.
 == Provenance ==
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 * 1940s-1960 – missing; unbound at some point and scattered.
 * 1960-1964 – several fragments acquired by AB Sandbergs Bokhandel in Stockholm, Sweden; one fragment listed as "MS T." (sold Stockholm, 1960-1964).
-* 1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased every fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
+* 1960-1999 – owned by Paul Mellon (1907-1999), who purchased each fragment that surfaced at auction (28 leaves in 1960, 11 leaves in 1961, 2 leaves in 1962, and 2 leaves in 1963-64) and then had the reconstituted manuscript rebound.
 * 1999-present – held by the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, in the Paul Mellon Bequest.
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 | {{treatise begin
    | title = Front matter
-   | width = 56em
+   | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}</p>
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 |-
 ! [[Gladiatoria group|5v - 29v]]
-| [[Longsword]] in armor from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
+| [[Sword]] in armor from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
 |-
@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 | {{treatise begin
    | title = Rear matter
-   | width = 56em
+   | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}</p>
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Yale Center for British Art]].{{-}}
-{{image|ph=1|Cover|Cover 1}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 1}}
-{{image|ph=1|Cover|Cover 2}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 2}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
 {{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 IIIv.jpg|Blank}}
 {{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 01r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 {{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 43v.jpg|Folio 43v}}
 {{image|page=1|MS U860.F46 1450 44r.jpg|Folio 44r}}
-{{image|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Blank|Blank}}
-{{image|ph=1|Cover|Cover 3}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 3}}
-{{image|ph=1|Cover|Cover 4}}
+{{image|sq=1|ph=1|Cover|Cover 4}}
 == Additional Resources ==
-* Cavazzuti, Carlo (in Italian). ''Gladiatoria''. Asola: Gilgamesh Edizioni, 2015. ISBN 978-88-6867-080-1
+{{bibliography}}
-* [[Dierk Hagedorn|Hagedorn, Dierk]]. "The Adventures of the ''Gladiatoria'' Manuscript from New Haven". ''[[Acta Periodica Duellatorum]]'' '''3'''(1): 183-208. 2015. {{doi|10.1515/apd-2015-0006}}.
-* [[Dierk Hagedorn|Hagedorn, Dierk]]; [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. ''Gladiatoria. New Haven - MS U860.F46 1450.'' Herne: VS-Books, 2015. ISBN 978-3-932077-42-5
-* [[Hans-Peter Hils|Hils, Hans-Peter]] (in German). "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts". ''Codices manuscripti'' '''13''':1-54, 1987.
-* [[Hugh Knight|Knight, Hugh T., Jr.]] ''The Gladiatoria Fechtbuch: A Fifteenth-Century German Fight Book''. [http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/the-gladiatoria-fechtbuch/6526454 Lulu.com], 2008.
-* [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. "Judicial Armoured Dagger Combat of ''Gladiatoria'' and ''KK 5013''." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
 == References ==
@@ Line 270: / Line 265: @@
 | source link = http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/2034813
 | source title= Yale Center for British Art
-| license     = copyrighted
+| license     = public domain
 }}
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Transcription
-| authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
+| authors     = [[transcriber::Dierk Hagedorn]]
 | source link =
 | source title= [[Index:Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)]]

Difference between revisions of "Gladiatoria (MS U860.F46 1450)"

Latest revision as of 18:14, 26 August 2024

Contents

Provenance

Contents

Gallery

Additional Resources

References

Copyright and License Summary

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