Paulus Hector Mair/Grappling

Source Images	Images	English Translation by Per Magnus Haaland	Dresden Version II (1550s) by Pierre-Henry Bas	Vienna Version II (1550s) [German]	Vienna Version II (1550s) [Latin]	Munich Version I (1550s) by Per Magnus Haaland	Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545)
		First engaging into grappling Do as follows when going towards him in this wrestling device: first of all, pay attention to whether he comes at you with his arms high or low. If he holds his arms high, then you do not need to worry about him, and use whatever techniques you want. If his arms are low, however, then keep the thumbs in your hands closed, your left hand on your left side, your right hand att your right side, and your left foot forward. Then enter the scales position, and you have your advantage over him.	[59r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 059r.png 59r.			[236r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 236r.jpg 236r.
		The first wind-off before the hand* Do as follows in this technique: stand with your left and right arm as described before, so that you may see what your opponent is up to, your left foot forward, and your left hand closed beside your left leg. If your opponent advances on you like this and grabs you by the right shoulder with his left hand, then wind your right closed hand on the outside over his left arm and press down, that way his attempt is countered. * Latin: The first technique where the opponent is thrust away by the elbow, and the endeavor of his arm is weakened.	[59v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 059v.png 59v.			[236v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 236v.jpg 236v.
		Closed wrestling* If your opponent advances upon you as mentioned above, then use this technique: reach over his left arm with your left arm and grab hold of the inside of his left leg just above the knee, and step behind him on his right side with your left foot. Now, do keep in mind that your stepping and grabbing him are done at the same time, and fast. Do that, and you will throw him over. Note also that this technique can be done from both sides. * Latin: Bolt hold wrestling.	[60r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 060r.png 60r.			[237r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 237r.jpg 237r.
		The weakening of the wrist Do as follows in this device: when he advances on you with his arms close to his chest, and grabs you with his left hand by the right shoulder, then grab with your right hand from outside over his left arm by the wrist and with your left hand grab towards your right. Then, press his left hand with both hands onto your chest, so that he must bend down. Then, turn around from your left side you your right and throw him over your right leg.	[60v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 060v.png 60v.			[237v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 237v.jpg 237v.
		A throw out of the open tong hold When you both go together, then observe carefully that you grab your opponent with the tong hold, that is with crossed arms, around the neck with your right hand, behind his shoulder by the leather collar that martial arts masters use to wear. If he then tries to free himself with his left arm, and reaches through under your right arm in order to get free of it above, then quickly step with right leg behind both his feet, and grab with your left hand between his legs in his crotch. Lift up with your left, and push hard to your right with your right hand by his neck, and throw him over your forward leg.	[61r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 061r.png 61r.			[238r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 238r.jpg 238r.
		The pull When you both come together, then grab with your left hand on his right arm. If he then winds with his right arm over your left arm from the outside, then pull your left hand back quickly, reach through and grab him underneath his right arm over his chest, and hold him tight. Then, pull away your right hand and grab him by his right leg, and lift up. Step with your left leg well outside his left and push away hard with your left hand to your left side, and throw him backwards.	[61v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 061v.png 61v.			[238v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 238v.jpg 238v.
		A run-through under the arm* When you both come together, then grab hold of your opponent's left hand with your right, and pull it up well. Then slip under his left arm with your head and waist, so that you have his left arm on your right shoulder and step with your left foot toward his right, so that your right leg then is in front. Then grab with your left hand well around his waist from behind. By holding him this way you can carry him away. * Latin: A technique where you can wrestle and slip under the opponent's arm.	[62r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 062r.png 62r.			[239r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 239r.jpg 239r.
		A wind-off from both sides When you both come together, then put your left foot in front of his right and grab his left arm from the outside. If he grabs your left arm this way from the outside, then grab hold of his chest with your left hand inside his right arm, and with your right hand in front of his chest. If your opponent holds you thus, then wind your right elbow inside his right elbow and reach through with your left hand under both if his arms. Now, if you push upwards, all his work is in vain, and you are free of him.	[62v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 062v.png 62v.			[239v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 239v.jpg 239v.
		A winding above and below When you and your opponent both come together, and he grabs you with his left hand inside your right arm, then step with your left leg behind his right. Grab him with your right hand from well behind, in his left arm and twist it upwards. If he does the same to you, then reach through and grab with your right arm underneath his right arm, and turn it to your left side. If he twists you up this way, then pull your left hand back quickly and put it on his right elbow, push it down and push away from you above, then you will throw him over your left leg.	[63r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 063r.png 63r.			[240r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 240r.jpg 240r.
		The wheel If you both hold each other by the arms in the elbows, then put your feet together and swing him well out of the wheel to your right side. If he swings you around this way, then lean your head on his right shoulder, and let go of your arms, and grab hold of them above from the inside. If he winds his arms above both of your arms, then step inside his left foot with your right, and swing him out of the wheel in front of you on your left side.	[63v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 063v.png 63v.			[240v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 240v.jpg 240v.
		The Wheel in front of your opponent Do as follows in this technique: step forward with your left foot so that you have both his legs between both of yours. Now, grab with your right hand on top of his elbow, and with your left hand in his right hand under his armpit, and throw him through the wheel over your left leg. If you want to counter this, then let go of his left shoulder with your right hand and grab hold of his neck with it, and it will be hindered.	[64r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 064r.png 64r.			[241r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 241r.jpg 241r.
		Closed wrestling* Do as follows in this bolted hold technique: step forward with your left leg between both his legs and in behind his right heel. If he has stepped in this way to you, then grab him with your left hand in front of his right shoulder, and with your right around behind his waist in support of your left hand, press him against you. If he holds you this way, and presses you against him, then grab with your left arm over his left, and with your right underneath behind his knee, and with support of the left hand, lift up, and push away from you with your left shoulder, and you will throw him. * Latin: Bolt hold wrestling	[64v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 064v.png 64v.			[241v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 241v.jpg 241v.
		A stepping in/stepping together with a throw Execute this technique thus: step in front of both his legs with your left leg, and grab with your right hand on the outside of his left shoulder, and with reach around his waist behind with your left on his right side. If he wants to get free from you, and grips with his left hand in your right shoulder, then push him forcefully in his left armpit with your right elbow, and swing him over your left leg onto his back.	[65r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 065r.png 65r.			[242r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 242r.jpg 242r.
		A throw from the upper weak point Do as follows in this technique: step with your left leg behind his right and grab the opponent with your left hand under his chin, and with your right hand well above his shoulder. If he then wants to resist your throw, and grabs you with both his arms inside your arms, then just press him down with forcefully with your left hand by his neck, and he will not be able to withstand, then throw him backwards over your left leg. * Latin: A throw from a push in the chin.	[65v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 065v.png 65v.			[242v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 242v.jpg 242v.
		A throw out of the armtwist Do the following technique thus: step in front of his left leg with your right and reach around behind his waist with your right arm to his right side, and with your left hand, grab hold of his right elbow, and pull him towards you on your right side. If he wishes to step into a throw, then grab him with your right hand over his chest on his left shoulder and with your left around his waist onto his left side. Then, step with back with your left leg and swing him over right hip on your right side, and you will throw him away from you.	[66r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 066r.png 66r.			[243r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 243r.jpg 243r.
		A throw out of the scales. Do as follows in this scale throw: when you both go together, then step out with your right leg in front of both is legs, and grab him by the right shoulder with your left hand, and reach through with your right hand underneath his left arm around his waist. If he holds you in the same way in order to throw you over, then reach around his waist grab hold of his right arm with your left arm, and use the right arm to support. If he holds you the same way, and is determined to stay standing, then throw him nevertheless over both legs the way you are holding him.	[66v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 066v.png 66v.			[243v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 243v.jpg 243v.
		A throw from the swing Do as follows in this technique: step with your right foot inside his right and grab him with your right hand over his chest on his left side, and with your left hand well above in his right leg. If he has taken hold of you this way, then grab him under his left arm with your right in his armpit, and with your left inside of his right arm, and press him down. If he wants to resist your swing this way, then step with your left leg behind his right and swing him to the ground over your left leg.	[67r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 067r.png 67r.			[244r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 244r.jpg 244r.
		A common throw When you both go together, then step with your left leg between his both feet, and grab him with your left hand behind his right leg, and with your right hand below by his crotch, and swing him around on your right side. If he swings you round this way, then strike with your left foot around his left in a leg hook, and he must fall.	[67v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 067v.png 67v.			[244v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 244v.jpg 244v.
		A throw out of the scales Execute this technique thus: when you go together, step in with your left leg and grab him forcefully with your right hand around his waist on his left side, and with left hand above in his right leg. If he on the other side has taken hold of you in this manner, then you too grab hold of him with your left hand around his waist on his right side, and with your right hand reach through under his left arm and grab hold above on his left leg. Now that you both hold each other in the scales, then step with your right leg in front of his left and swing him over it out of the scales.	[68r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 068r.png 68r.			[245r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 245r.jpg 245r.
		A throw out of strength Do as follows: when you go together, step with your left leg outside behind his right and take hold of his waist with your right hand on his right side and with your left hand grab him around the belly. If he taken hold of you thus, then take hold around his waist with your right hand as well and with your left hand for support in equal strength. Now, that you have equal hold of each other, then step with your left leg in front of his right and pull him towards you forcefully. Then, put your chin on above on his chest and press down, and you will throw him over your left leg.	[68v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 068v.png 68v.			[245v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 245v.jpg 245v.
		A throw out of the upper weak point* Do as follows in this technique: step with your left leg onto his right side behind both his legs, and put your left hand on his throat and with your right hand grab around his waist on his right side. If he resists, and grasps your right elbow with his left hand, and with his right hand around your waist onto your right side, and wants to remove you, then push him above at the weak point, ie the neck, over your left leg, and you will throw him over it onto his back. * Latin: A throw out of a strike to the chin or throat.	[69r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 069r.png 69r.			[246r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 246r.jpg 246r.
		A throw from the middle weak point Do as follows in this device: when you go together, step out well behind his left with your right foot, and lift his right leg high from the inside with your left hand, and with your right hand grab around his waist behind his back and onto his right side. If your opponent is holding you this way and tries to throw you over, then grab hold around his waist, ie the middle weak point, with both arms and press him hard onto you. If he presses you towards himself this way, then just move back a little and lift his right leg high, that way you will throw him on your right side.	[69v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 069v.png 69v.			[246v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 246v.jpg 246v.
		A common throw When you step together, put your left leg between both his legs, and press with your chin below his neck. If he then bends down and enters the scales, then grab with your left hand between his legs and with your right around his waist hold his right side, and pull him towards you. If he holds you this way and is about to throw you, then take hold around his waist with both your arms, and pull him to you. If he presses himself against you thus, then press him hard away from you with your chin, and lift him up underneath, and he falls backwards.	[70r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 070r.png 70r.			[247r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 247r.jpg 247r.
		A hip throw Do the following technique this way: when you go together then step in front of his right and grab him with your right hand in his left armpit and with your left hand reach around his waist to support your right. If he holds you this way, then reach around his waist and take hold in front of his chest with your left hand and hold him firmly in his right arm above his elbow. Then step with your right foot in front of your right and swing him over your hip, then he must fall.	[70v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 070v.png 70v.			[247v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 247v.jpg 247v.
		A throw from the scales When you both go together, do thus: take a long step with your left leg in front of both of your opponent's legs, and reach around with your right hand around his waist and grab him in front of the chest with your left hand, around his waist as well to support your right hand. If he holds you this way, then you reach around his waist and grab hold over his right arm, and use your right hand as support. Now, lower yourself into the scales, and swing him over your left leg, and he will fall.	[71r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 071r.png 71r.			[248r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 248r.jpg 248r.
		A throw with an armbreak This technique is performed thus: if your opponent holds you with his right hand on the inside of your left arm and has put his left hand on your neck in order to pull you towards him, then reach over his shoulder with your right arm and with your left grab hold of his right elbow. Now, take a good step forward with your right leg, and in your upper grip press down hard, and you will break his arm, or if you rather, throw him over your hip/front leg.	[71v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 071v.png 71v.			[248v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 248v.jpg 248v.
		An armlock with a throw Do as follows: when you both go together, then put your left leg on his right from the inside and take hold in front of his waist with both hands. If he holds you this, then reach with both arms over his both and take hold underneath by his elbows, and clasp hard together. Then, lift up and sweep him over your left leg, and he will not be able to stand up and must fall.	[72r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 072r.png 72r.			[249r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 249r.jpg 249r.
		How to get free of a lock Step with your left foot toward your opponent, and grab him in front of his waist with both hands. If he holds you thus, then reach down with both elbows between his arms, shoot down into the scales, and thrust out. Then, put both hands under his elbows, and push them up high, and hook his left leg with your left, and you will throw him on his back.	[72v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 072v.png 72v.			[249v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 249v.jpg 249v.
		A break-in with a throw When you both go together, do as follows: hold your hands down low, and when he comes at you, then catch both his legs your arms, and pull him towards you. If he pulls you towards you thus, then take hold of him with your arms above around his shoulders. If the opponent on the other hand has you in this grip and is about to throw you with him, then spread your legs well and pull him over your legs, you can throw him however you want.	[73r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 073r.png 73r.			[250r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 250r.jpg 250r.
		A throw from the leg hook Execute this technique thus: when you both go together, then step with your left leg inside his right, reach around his waist with your hands, grab hold of him and pull him towards you as hard as you can. If your opponent holds you in this grip, then put your right hand on his chin, and push him backwards. Furthermore when you do this, do a leg hook with your right foot behind his left knee, and you will throw him easily. This can be done on both sides.	[73v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 073v.png 73v.			[250v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 250v.jpg 250v.
		How to get free from a double armlock When you go together, then step forward with your left leg and grab hold in front with your right hand on his left breast, and with your left on his right shoulder. If he holds you this way, and you stand with your right foot forward, then reach over with your left arm outside over his right hand and press it to your chest, so that he then must bend down against you, and with your right hand grab him by the left shoulder and pull him towards you. Then grab with your left hand between hes legs and with your right arm around his neck, and you will throw him out of the tongs.	[74r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 074r.png 74r.			[251r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 251r.jpg 251r.
		An armtwist with a throw When you see your opponent coming toward you, then step forward with your right foot, and put your left arm under his right elbow, and pull toward you, so that he bends down, and when he does so, grab his right hand with your left, twist it down, and you will break it. If he holds you this way, and is about to break your arm, then grab his right arm with your left hand and press down, and you will break free of him. Then, quickly put your left hand on his neck and step with your left foot behind his right and throw him over it.	[74v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 074v.png 74v.			[251v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 251v.jpg 251v.
		A pull with a throw If your opponent thrusts his head into your chest, then quickly grab him with both hands around his neck onto his collar, and make sure you have entered low into the scales. If he holds you by the heck like this, then reach out with both arms and grab around both his arms. If he does this to you, then step back with the left foot and pull him quickly onto you, that way you will throw him on his face.	[75r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 075r.png 75r.			[252r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 252r.jpg 252r.
		A run-through under the arm Do as follows in this technique: when you go together, then take hold of him in his left hand with your right, and lift it up. Then stoop down with your head under his left arm and step with your left leg behind his left, and grab hold with your left hand of his left leg. Straighten yourself up, and lift him up high, and you can throw him or carry him wherever you want.	[75v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 075v.png 75v.			[252v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 252v.jpg 252v.
		A roundturner Do as follows: when you come up in front of your opponent, and he stands with his right foot forward, and you do as well, then take hold of his left hand with your left and with your right hand grab his left elbow. This way you will turn him around and he is forced to turn his back to you. Now, step forward with your left foot and push away from you in your upper grip, and he will fall face first.	[76r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 076r.png 76r. |		[253r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 253r.jpg 253r.
		A throw from the scales When you both go together do thus: stand with your left foot forward, and bend down into the scales. If he does this, then step with your right foot in a triangle step behind your opponent. Then reach with your right hand behind his both legs and grab his right leg, lift that up, and with your left arm reach around his neck, so that you hold him by the chest with your left hand. Then pull down hard, and lift up high with your right hand, and you will throw him over his chest face first.	[76v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 076v.png 76v.			[253v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 253v.jpg 253v.
		An entry with an armlock Do as follows in this technique: stand with your left foot forward. If he then stands with his right foot forward facing you, and grasps after you, then catch his right thumb with your right hand and grab hold from the outside of his left shoulder. If he has taken hold of you this way, and tries to pull you towards him, then step with your left leg between his feet, take hold of his right elbow with your left hand and push down. This way he must let go of your thumb. Then reach out with your left hand and put it on his neck in front of him, and throw him over your forward leg.	[77r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 077r.png 77r.			[254r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 254r.jpg 254r.
		A throw from the tongs Do as follows: when standing in front of your opponent, and he then steps towards you with right leg, then step behind his right foot with your left, and reach out with your left hand under his right hand and over his chest and put it on his throat. Then, take hold of on the upper part of his right foot with your right hand, and lift it up, as well as you in your upper grip(ie the left hand on his throat), pull down, and you will throw him out of the tong grip.	[77v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 077v.png 77v.			[254v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 254v.jpg 254v.
		A hip throw When you go together, do thus: step forward with your right leg, and if he then stands with his left leg forward, then pay close attention to grab hold of his left hand with your own left, and pull him towards you. Then, reach around his waist behind his back with your right hand and throw him over your right hip.	[78r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 078r.png 78r.			[255r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 255r.jpg 255r.
		A press-down* Do thus: when you go together, step with your left leg behind his right. If he then stands with his right leg towards you and grabs your upper right leg with his left hand and with his right hand inside between both your arms, then take hold of his throat with your right hand, with your left grab hold in his armpit and push him to the ground. * Latin: A throw.	[78v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 078v.png 78v.			[255v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 255v.jpg 255v.
		A short hip/loin throw When you step together do as follows: if your opponent steps with his right leg towards you, so that it comes outside your right foot, then reach behind his back around his waist with your left hand, and grab with your right hand onto his left elbow, and pull him to you. If he has taken hold of you thus, then grab with your right hand around his neck and pull him towards you. If he has pulled you towards him thus, kick your right knee into his right knee, and you will throw him over your left hip.	[79r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 079r.png 79r.			[256r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 256r.jpg 256r.
		Another hip throw Do thus: when you come together step forth with your left(lat)/right(ger) foot, and if he stands with right foot forward, then take good care to reach over his back with your left hand and grab onto his left shoulder, and with your right hand on his upper right leg, and lift it up. If he has taken hold of you thus and is about to throw you, then grab around his neck with your right hand onto his right shoulder, and with your left hand on his right arm. If he tries to sustain himself this way, then lift up well with your lower grip, and push down in your upper grip and you will throw him over your left hip.	[79v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 079v.png 79v.			[256v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 256v.jpg 256v.
		A left side throw Do as follows in this technique: step with your left foot forward and reach over his right shoulder and onto his neck with your left arm, and shove him away from you with your left hand. Then grab with your right hand outside onto his right leg, and lift up. If he holds you this way, then reach out and grab him under his left arm around his neck with your right hand and with your left hand below onto his left leg. If he wants hinder you this way and sustain himself, then swing him around on your left side and throw him over your left hip.	[80r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 080r.png 80r.			[257r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 257r.jpg 257r.
		A pull with a throw Do thus: when you come before your opponent, then step with your left leg forward and take care to grab his right hand with your right and pull it to your chest, and with your left over his right shoulder and push it upwards. If he holds you thus, then step behind his left with your right, and with your left hand take hold of his genitals, and push him away from you with your right elbow, and you will throw him over your right leg.	[80v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 080v.png 80v.			[257v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 257v.jpg 257v.
		A lift up with a head first throw When you come together with your opponent, and he has you in a leg hook, then take good care to kick out his right leg with your left. Then grab hold of it with your right hand and lift up. If he holds you thus, then reach around his neck with your right arm and grab hold of his right shoulder, and with your left onto his right arm. If he tries to get away(lat)/counter this, then enter the scales and grab around behind his waist with your left hand. Then straighten yourself and throw him over head first.	[81r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 081r.png 81r.			[258r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 258r.jpg 258r.
		A counter to the previous device Step forward with your left leg and grab with your right hand in his left arm and with your left hand around his waist. Then enter the scales, and throw him over. If he wants to throw you head first this way, and you stand with your right foot between his both, then put your right hand around his neck into his armpit, and with your left onto his elbow, this way you will put an end to his throwing you. Then make sure to swing him over your right leg.	[81v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 081v.png 81v.			[258v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 258v.jpg 258v.
		A throw from the leg hook Do as follows in this technique: stand with your right foot forward and step with your left foot behind his left heel. Then reach around his waist with your left hand, and grab hold of his armpit, and with your right hand on the outside of his left elbow, and pull him to you. If he has taken hold of you thus way and pulls you towards him, then reach around his neck with your right hand and take hold in his right shoulder, and with your left onto his arm. Then if you strike a leg hook with your right foot around his left, you will swing him round from your right onto your left side.	[82r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 082r.png 82r.			[259r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 259r.jpg 259r.
		A counter to the previous leg hook Do as follows: when you come before your opponent, hook your right leg around his left leg grab hold of his right arm round his neck with your right hand, and with your left inside on his right elbow. If he holds you thus, and is about to throw you over with a leg hook, then put both hands on his neck, that way he must fall backwards, and his leg hook is countered.	[82v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 082v.png 82v.			[259v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 259v.jpg 259v.
		A throw from the wheel In this technique you do thus: put your right leg between his both feet, grab with your right arm over his left shoulder. If your opponent has taken hold of you thus, then put your right hand on his neck and pull it down in front. If he tries to avert this with his left hand, then grab hold between his legs with your left hand and turn to your right, that way you will throw him out of the wheel.	[83r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 083r.png 83r.			[260r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 260r.jpg 260r.
		A throw from the leg hook Execute this technique thus: stand with your left leg forward and take hold of his left shoulder with your left hand. If he does so, then put your left arm on his neck, and do as if you were to strike a leg hook with your right leg. Then, thrust your right elbow into his chest, and push him to your right side, as well as hooking his leg, and you will throw him on his back on his right side.	[83v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 083v.png 83v.			[260v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 260v.jpg 260v.
		A throw from the bolt When you both go together, then do as follows: take a long step with your left leg behind both his legs and grab him with your right hand outside in his left elbow and with your left around his waist. If he holds you thus and pulls you against him, then hook his left leg with your right, and grab around his neck with your right arm and with your left on the inside of his right arm. Then turn around from his right side to your right side, and you will throw him over.	[84r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 084r.png 84r.			[261r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 261r.jpg 261r.
		A throw from the scales In this device you do thus: stand with your right foot forward(if you wish to take the first parts). If your opponent stands with his left foot forward and with his right foot in between both your feet, and puts his right arm around your neck in order to wrestle you, then as quickly as possible lower yourself into the scales, and take hold of his left leg with your right hand and with your left reach behind his back around his waist and take hold of his left armpit. Then straighten yourself up our of the scales and throw him backwards over your left leg.	[84v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 084v.png 84v.			[261v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 261v.jpg 261v.
		A hip/thigh throw When you both go together, do thus: stand with your right foot forward and put your left foot outside his left foot Then, grab hold of his left arm from the outside with your right hand, and with your left around his waist. If your opponent holds you thus, and is about to swing you around, then step back into the scales, and grab with your right hand around his neck and with your left on his right shoulder. If he has taken hold of you thus, and has stepped back into the scales, then let go of your right hand from his left elbow, and put it on his neck and press him down to the ground.	[85r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 085r.png 85r.			[262r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 262r.jpg 262r.
		A wind in* Stand with your left left leg forward and grab with your left hand onto his right side. If he grabs you thus, then quickly wind his left hand away with your right hand, so that get around his waist. If he winds your left hand away in this manner, then take hold of his left arm with your right hand. If should do this, then put your left hand from below onto his right arm, pull it close to your chest and swing him from the wheel from your left side to your right, and he will fall. * Latin: How to wind your hand by your opponent's arms.	[85v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 085v.png 85v.			[262v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 262v.jpg 262v.
		A throw from the scales Execute this technique in this manner: step forward with your left leg, and grab hold around his neck onto his right shoulder with your right hand, and with your left on the inside of his left arm. If he holds you thus, and is about to throw you over his right leg, then take hold with both hands around his right leg, and enter the scales well below his right arm, so that you push him firmly with your left armpit under his right armpit. Then, put your left leg behind hus right and lift up high, and you will throw him backwards.	[86r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 086r.png 86r.			[263r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 263r.jpg 263r.
		A throw from a neck thrust and a leg hook When you both go together, pay attention to step with your right foot inside his left foot and hook it, so that it faces outwards. Then, put your right arm above on his neck and press down. If he holds you thus and is about press you down, then close your left hand and put it on your left side. Reach through with your left arm under his right, and thrust your elbow hard into his right side. Then grab hold of his genitals below with your right hand, and you will throw him out of the leg hook face forward.	[86v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 086v.png 86v.			[263v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 263v.jpg 263v.
		A backwards throw Do this throw as described: put your right leg forward and grab hold with your right hand around his neck and onto his right shoulder, and with your left on the inside of his left arm. If he holds you thus, and is about to pull you against him, then quickly bow down into the scales, take hold of his right leg with your right hand, lift it high, and with your left elbow press his chest hard, and you will throw him backwards over your left forward leg.	[87r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 087r.png 87r.			[264r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 264r.jpg 264r.
		A run-in into a leg hook When you both go together, then do this: stand with your left foot forward and grab hold of him with your left hand over his back and onto his left shoulder, and with your right over his chest to aid your left. Then get down into the scales, and grab and pull him to you. If he pulls you to you thus, then step with your right leg behind his left into a knee hook, grab hold of him with your right hand over his shoulder in his right armpit, and with your left on the outside of his right elbow. Then, swing him face first over your right leg.	[87v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 087v.png 87v.			[264v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 264v.jpg 264v.
		A close hold wrestling technique Do as described in the following technique: when you both go together, and he stands with his right leg between your feet, then grab with your right hand over his chest and onto his left shoulder, and with your left hand take hold of his left, and pull him to you. Then, put your chin on his right shoulder, press down, and swing him backwards over your left leg.	[88r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 088r.png 88r.			[265r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 265r.jpg 265r.
		A leg break In this technique you stand with both feet straight, and grab with both arms from inside onto his chest. If he holds you thus, then wind your arms from outside under his both arms. Then, kick with your right foot as hard as you can on his knee cap, and you will break his leg, or if you rather, then pull him to you and you will throw him over.	[88v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 088v.png 88v.			[265v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 265v.jpg 265v.
		A hand winding with a throw when you both go together and you both have taken hold of each others' arms, then strike a leg hook with your right leg around his left and wind your right hand around his neck and take hold of his right shoulder, and with your left hand take hold in his chest. If he has taken hold of you thus and is about to throw you, then hold him behind his waist, that way he mus fall with you. If he falls with you as mentioned, then put your left and on the front his neck and you will unwind yourself from him.	[89r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 089r.png 89r.			[266r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 266r.jpg 266r.
		A hand break Do as described in this device: when you both go together, remember to stand with your left foot forward, and if he then is standing in front of you with open hands, then take hold with right hand onto his right thumb, and with your left hand behind his right hand, that way you will break it. Then take a good step with your right leg on his left side and with your left hand well around his waist, and you will throw him over your left hip.	[89v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 089v.png 89v.			[266v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 266v.jpg 266v.
		A hand winding with an armbreak When you go together then do thus: take hold of his left shoulder with your with your right hand and with your left on his right armpit. If he holds you thus, then wind out your right arm over his left from the inside behind his left elbow and with your left arm from the outside over his right, and lift up firmly and pull towards you, this way you may break both his arms. If it doesn't succeed, then strike him on the left leg with your right leg and he will fall.	[90r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 090r.png 90r.			[267r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 267r.jpg 267r.
		A backwards throw with a leg hook When you step up in front of your opponent then do as follows: step forward with your left leg and reach with your left hand behind over his back and grab onto his left armpit, and with your right over his chest onto his left arm. If he holds you thus and in order to pull you toward him, then strike a leg hook with your with right leg around his left, and reach with your right arm around his neck and take hold of his right side, and your left hand on the outside of his right elbow. Then swing him over your right hip, and you will throw him forward.	[90v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 090v.png 90v.			[267v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 267v.jpg 267v.
		A throw from a waist hold (diagonal) Do as follows in this device: step forward with your left foot and stoop down under his right armpit with your head. Then take hold with your left hand in his left armpit and with your right on his left arm. If he holds you thus, then take hold of his right leg with your left hand and lift up high. Then step with your right leg behind his left and reach around his neck with your right arm, and you will throw him out of the said waist hold on your right side.	[91r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 091r.png 91r.			[268r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 268r.jpg 268r.
		A way of turning the opponent along with a throw over the left hip When you stand in front of your opponent do as follows: if he steps with his right leg on your left and tries to take hold of your left armpit with his right hand, and with his left on your right hip, then reach over his both arms and grab hold of his left arm with your left hand, with your right grab him by his left armpit, and pull him onto you. Then, press down hard on your chest and put your left hip on his left, that way you will turn him round and throw him over from your left and to your right side.	[91v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 091v.png 91v.			[268v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 268v.jpg 268v.
		A throw from the scales When you face your opponent do as follows in this device: step with your left leg between his both feet, and bend down into the scales, and grab with your right hand reach between his legs and onto his crotch, and with your left around behind his waist to aid your right, and lift him up. If your opponent lifts you thus and lifts you up, then reach around over his neck with your right arm and take hold of his right shoulder, and with your left on the inside of his right arm. Then lift your right leg up high and kick him with your knee inside of his left knee, and he must fall.	[92r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 092r.png 92r.			[269r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 269r.jpg 269r.
		A throw from the upper weak point When you both go together then do this way in this device: take a long step forward with your left leg behind his both feet, and bend down into the scales. Then, grab him with both arms in his right shoulder and pull down. If your opponent on the other hand holds you thus and is pulling you down, then reach with both arms above around his waist, and hold his arm head together under his right armpit. Then strike a leg hook with your right leg around his left and you will throw him down from the upper weak point.	[92v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 092v.png 92v.			[269v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 269v.jpg 269v.
		A throw from the short hip* Do as follows in this device/lat. If you want to be a strenuous fighter, then do as follows in this device: step forward with your left leg in front of his left leg and enter the scales, stooping with your head under his right armpit. Then, reach with your hand over his waist and take hold inside on his left armpit, and pull him to you. If he holds you this way, and pulls you towards him, then reach around over his neck with your right arm on his right side, and with your left on the outside of his right elbow. Then, swing him from the short hip over your right leg. * Latin: A throwing technique from the thigh.	[93r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 093r.png 93r.			[270r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 270r.jpg 270r.
		A throw from the high/upper hip Do as follows in this device: when you enter in front of your opponent, and you wish to strike a leg hook on him, but he stands with his feet too wide apart, then step with both feet further in front of him. If he steps up towards you thus, then reach behind his back and grab him around his waist with your left arm and with your right hand onto his left shoulder. If he holds you thus, and is about to turn you over, then reach with your right arm over his shoulder and into his right armpit and hold him tightly with your left hand on the outside of his right elbow. Then bend down well, and swing him around from the high hip over your right leg before you.	[93v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 093v.png 93v.			[270v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 270v.jpg 270v.
		A throw from the struck out hip Do as follows in this device: when you enter in front of your opponent, then take a long step forward with your left foot, and with your right hand grab his left armpit, and with your left reach our behind his back and around his waist to support your right, and pull him to you. If he has you in this grip, and pulls you to him, then grab hold with your left hand in his left leg and lift it up high, and with your right hand reach around his neck and take hold of his right shoulder and pull him onto your right hip. Then, straighten yourself up again, and you may either carry him away or throw him over. * Latin: A throw from the hip where he is thrown over and turned around.	[94r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 094r.png 94r.			[271r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 271r.jpg 271r.
		A throw from the upper and lower weak point Do as follows: when you both come together, should he step forward with his left leg, so that you stand with both feet between his, and he is about to grab your left shoulder with his left hand, then put your left hand on top of his left arm, that way his grip will be to no use. Then, put it (ie. your left hand) on his neck and with your right grab hold of his left foot, this way he is weakened both above and below. Then push him down hard with your upper grip, and lift up with your lower grip and you will throw him on your left side.	[94v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 094v.png 94v.			[271v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 271v.jpg 271v.
		An elbow strike to the back along with a throw When you both go together do as follows in this device: if your opponent tries to grab your right side with his right hand and with his left around your waist, then grab his right elbow your with your left hand and pull it to your chest, that way he will bend down. Then push your right elbow on the upper part of his back, and you will press him down to the ground.	[95r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 095r.png 95r.			[272r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 272r.jpg 272r.
		A backwards throw Execute this device as follows: If he runs his head in under your right arm and holds you with his right hand inside in your left arm and with his left between your legs, then grab with your right hand from behind in his left armpit, and with your left in his right arm. Then lift his left leg with your right leg, and pull him over your right hip and you will throw him over.	[95v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 095v.png 95v.			[272v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 272v.jpg 272v.
		A throw from the blocked leg hook Step forward with your left foot and grab him on the outside of his left elbow with your right hand, and with your left on his upper right arm. If he holds you this way(ger. and is about to pull you to him), then reach with your right hand under his left armpit and grab hold onto his leather collar, and with your left onto his right arm. Then strike a leg hook with your right leg from the inside of his left leg and pull him to you with your right hand, and with your left hand push him away from you, and he will fall on his back.	[96r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 096r.png 96r.			[273r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 273r.jpg 273r.
		A leg break with a throw When you both go together then step with your left leg inside his right and grab hold on the outside of his upper left arm, and with reach with your left around his waist.If he holds you thus and is about to pull you in, then grab with your left hand inside his right arm and reach with your right behind his back around his waist and onto his right side. Then kick his right shin with your right foot as hard as you can and you will break it. Then, pull him to you, and you will throw him over.	[96v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 096v.png 96v.			[273v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 273v.jpg 273v.
		A throw from the waist Do as follows: If your opponent stands with both legs together, and has taken hold of your left arm with his right hand, and with his left over your right arm in your right armpit, then take hold with your left hand in his right shoulder and pull him to you. Then reach with your left arm under his left armpit and grab hold of his waist and turn from your left to your right side, and you will throw him over the short hip or the waist.	[97r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 097r.png 97r.			[274r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 274r.jpg 274r.
		A carry off with a lock hold In this device you do thus: if your opponent stands with his feet together then step forward with your right foot, and bend down into the scales. If he then tries to grab you around your neck with his right had then grab with your right hand onto right leg and with your left take hold of his right arm by your neck, and pull it over your left shoulder and onto your chest. Then reach out with your right hand under his right leg and take hold of his right hand, and stand up, and you have him locked in and can carry him wherever your want.	[97v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 097v.png 97v.			[274v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 274v.jpg 274v.	[3r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 3r.png 3r.
		A throw from the upper weak point Do this technique as follows: when you both go together, then step with your left leg outside his right and step down into the scales. Then, take hold with your left around his waist with support of your right hand, and put your left armpit under his right. If your opponent holds you thus and is about to throw you, then take hold of his leather collar with your right hand, and with your left in his right armpit. Then strike a knee hook with your right leg around his left and swing him over from your right side to your left over your right leg.	[98r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 098r.png 98r.			[275r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 275r.jpg 275r.	[3v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 3v.png 3v.
		An armbreak with a throw When you go together do as described: step with your left leg on the outside behind his right, and take hold with your left hand from below on his right side. If he should grab you thus, then take quickly take hold with your left hand in his left hand, and pull it onto your chest. After that, you reach over his left arm with your right arm and take hold of his shoulder, and reach under it with your right to support your left. Then press down hard with your armpit and you will break his arm, and furthermore if you then swing him from your right hip over your right leg, he will fall over.	[98v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 098v.png 98v.			[275v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 275v.jpg 275v.	[4r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 4r.png 4r.
		A throw from the tongs When you face your opponent in this device, do thus: step with your left leg outside his right. If he then stands with his right foot forward and grabs you by the crotch, then swiftly take hold of his left hand with your right and pull him towards you, and with your left hand grab him by his left elbow. If he holds you this way, and pulls you close, then grab hold with your right hand on his left shoulder and onto his collar. If he holds you thus then let go with your left hand from his left elbow, and put it on his neck, that way you will throw him from the tongs over your left leg.	[99r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 099r.png 99r.			[276r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 276r.jpg 276r.	[4v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 4v.png 4v.
		A toppling from the tongs In this device you do as follows: stoop down into the scales, so that your right leg comes forward, and if he then stands upright, with his right leg forward when you stand in the scales, then reach out and with your left hand over his chest and and grab hold of his left side. If he does this to you, then quickly grab on to his left hand and pull him to you, put your right hand on his head and push down. Further, if he does this to you, then take hold of with your right arm behind both his knees, and push with your upper grip hard, on your left side and with your lower grip lift up high and you will topple him over from the tong hold.	[99v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 099v.png 99v.			[276v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 276v.jpg 276v.	[5r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 5r.png 5r.
		A throw from the open tong hold When you go together, then do as follows: step with your left leg outside behind his right and put your left hand on his right shoulder near by his neck. If he holds you thus, then reach over his left hand with both your arms and pull it to your chest, so that he must bend down. If he is pressing you down so that you enters the scales, then reach through behind his right leg and grab hold of his left kneecap and pull it to you, and at the same time push away from you with the upper grip, then you will throw him backwards away from you.	[100r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 100r.png 100r.			[277r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 277r.jpg 277r.	[6r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 6r.png 6r.
		A tong hold throw from the scales When you face your opponent in this device, then do as described here below: enter the scales so that you stand with your left leg behind his right. Then quickly, grab hold of his left leg with your right hand, and put your head on his chest. If he uses this on you, then put both your hands on his head and push down. If he pushes you down this way with both hands on your head, then put your right hand on his face and push it away from you and with your lower hand pull towards you, and you will throw him on his back with the tong hold.	[100v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 100v.png 100v.			[277v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 277v.jpg 277v.	[7r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7r.png 7r.
		An armlock Do thus in this device: step forward with your right foot and grab hold of his genitals with your right hand and with your left onto his chest. If he holds you this way with both hands then take hold with your left hand underneath on his right arm and with your right on the outside of his left and bend them over each other. Then step with your right leg on his right side and swing him over your right side to the ground.	[101r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 101r.png 101r.			[278r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 278r.jpg 278r.	[7v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7v.png 7v.
		A throw from the upper tong hold When you go both go together, then do as follows: step forward with your right leg behind his left. If he then stands with left foot forward and takes hold of your right side with his left hand and with his right behind around your waist, then grab him with your right hand in his right armpit and with your left onto his shoulder by his neck. Then pull him to your right side and throw him by the tong hold over your forward leg.	[101v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 101v.png 101v.			[278v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 278v.jpg 278v.
		A throw over the high hip Facing your opponent, step forward with your left foot and reach around his waist with your left hand and grab hold of his right armpit. If he holds you thus, then put your right hand on his left shoulder and reach with your left over his chest and and grab onto his right armpit. If he then reaches over your right arm and grabs onto your left shoulder in order to resist your throw, then put your left hip firmly onto his left hip and then swing him onto your right side and you will throw him by the high hip.	[102r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 102r.png 102r.			[279r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 279r.jpg 279r.
		Strengthening the weakness In this device you do as follows: put your left leg forward, and put your left hand on his right shoulder, your left hand on his left side. If he holds you thus, then quickly step down into the scales, and take hold of his left arm with your right hand, and push it upwards, and with your left hand inside on the back of his left knee. If he does this to you, then quickly pull back your left leg and put your right hand on his left arm, and push down. If he pushes you down thus, then put your head into his left armpit, and push him away from you, that way he will fall on his back.	[102v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 102v.png 102v.			[279v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 279v.jpg 279v.	[8r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8r.png 8r.
		A throw from the upper weak point Facing your opponent do as follows: step with your left leg outside behind his right and take hold of from the outside onto his right shoulder with your left hand and with your right hand onto his left arm. If he holds you thus, then reach behind is back with your left arm and around his waist, and put your right on the right side of his neck. Then, quickly stoop down on your left knee, and he is totally weakened and you will thereby throw him down to the ground.	[103r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 103r.png 103r.			[280r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 280r.jpg 280r.
		A throw from the middle weak point When you go together you and your opponent, should he stand with his right foot forward, and takes hold of your left arm with his left hand, then wind it free again, and reach around his waist with your left hand and grab hold of his right hip, and with your right hand take hold of his left leg. Lift it up high, and you will throw him face first over the hip.	[103v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 103v.png 103v.			[280v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 280v.jpg 280v.
		A throw from the middle and lower weak points Step with left leg between his both feet, and grab with your left hand around his neck and pull him onto you. If he holds you this way and pulls you onto him, then grab hold with your right hand in front around his waist, and with your left hand well below in his left leg. Then, quickly fall down on your left knee, push away with your upper grip, and lift up with your lower grip and he totally weakened and you will throw him backwards over your right leg.	[104r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 104r.png 104r.			[281r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 281r.jpg 281r.
		A throw from a run-in When you go together with your opponent do thus: stoop down into the scales before him, and if he then runs in on you so that he stands upright with his feet together, then quickly shoot in and put your head in his crotch. Then, grab hold around his legs with both hands together, lift up and he will fall straight backwards.	[104v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 104v.png 104v.			[281v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 281v.jpg 281v.
		A throw with an arm-twist Do as follows: step with your right foot outside behind your opponent's right, and grab hold with your right hand onto his left leg near his genitals, and with your left in his left arm. If your opponent holds you thus, ie with his right hand on your left leg near your genitals and his left on your left arm, then wind loose your left hand and put it on his neck., then strike a leg hook with your right foot around his right and push away from you with your upper hand, pull back with your leg hook, and lift up with your lower hand on his genitals, and you will throw him over.	[105r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 105r.png 105r.			[282r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 282r.jpg 282r.	[8v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8v.png 8v.
		A press down Step with your right foot towards your opponent. If he then stands in the scales, and is about to put his on your chest, then take good care to press together with both arms over his both arms near his chest. Then put your chest on his head and push down, pull your right leg back and pull him forward and he will fall on his face.	[105v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 105v.png 105v.			[282v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 282v.jpg 282v.
		A throw from the tong hold with the upper weak point When you go together in this device do thus: step with your right leg inside his left and grab with your right hand around his waist, and with your left onto his right arm. If he holds you thus and is about to throw you, then put your left foot backwards between his both as hard as you can, and grab with your right hand below onto his genitals, and put your left on his neck right under his chin. Then, lift up with your lower grip, and with your upper hand push down onto your left side, and you will throw him backwards over your left leg.	[106r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 106r.png 106r. .			[283r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 283r.jpg 283r.	[13r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13r.png 13r.
		A drive-down* Do as follows in this device: step with your left foot between his both feet, and reach around with both hands around his waist from behind, lift him up and drive him down hard. If he holds you thus and is about to drive you down, then grab around his neck with both arms and pull it over your shoulder. If he tries to do the same, then kick your right knee in the back of his right knee, this way hie will not be able to hold his balance, and you will throw him to the ground. * Latin: A technique where your opponent is removed from your hands and brought to the ground not without risk of injury.	[106v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 106v.png 106v.			[283v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 283v.jpg 283v. [Art contains an error]	[10v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png 10v.
		A throw from the lifting of the opponent When you both go together execute this device as follows: step forward with your left leg and take hold with both arms around his waist, and pull him to you. If he holds you the same way, then take hold with both hands around his neck and pull his head over your chest. If he on the other hand has you in the same grip, then let go of your right hand from his waist and put it on his left elbow, and strike a leg hook around his right with your left. Then, push away from you with your upper grip and you will throw him on your left side.	[107r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 107r.png 107r.			[284r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 284r.jpg 284r.	[11r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png 11r.
		A throw from the strong* Do as follows in this technique: step with your right foot in front of his right foot and ger. stoop down into the strong/lat. stoop down into the above mentioned technique, where you step forcefully towards your opponent. Put your head on his genitals, and take hold around his left leg with both hands. If he then grabs you with his left hand in your right arm and his right on your genitals in order to defend himself, then thrust with and your head and the rest of your body forcefully into his groin and pull his left leg with both hands against you, and he will fall backwards. * Latin: A throw out of force as shown below.	[107v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 107v.png 107v.			[284v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 284v.jpg 284v.	[9r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9r.png 9r.
		A carry-off with a throw Do as follows in the device described here below: stand with both feet erect facing him and put your left side out against him. Then grab with your left hand around his waist and onto his left armpit. If he holds you thus, then step down into the scales with your body against his waist, and reach around his both legs with your hands. Then, if you straighten up you might throw him or carry him away. If he holds you this way and is about to throw you, then grab hold of is hair with your right hand, that way you will not fall.	[108r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 108r.png 108r.			[285r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 285r.jpg 285r.	[9v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9v.png 9v.
		A throw over the shoulder When you step together, and your opponent grabs you with his left hand in your left side, then swiftly grab hold of his left hand with your right hand, and pull it over your right shoulder. Then, turn around go with your head under his left arm and take hold with your left hand in his right leg. Then lift up, and you may throw him over your right shoulder or carry him away.	[108v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 108v.png 108v.			[285v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 285v.jpg 285v.	[10r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10r.png 10r.
		A throat throw When you step in front of your opponent, take a good step with your right foot in front of his right foot, put your right hand onto his throat, and your left on his right side, that way you may throw him over your forward leg. If your opponent is about to throw you this way, then take hold of his left wrist with your right hand and with put your left on his chest. Then, step with your left foot onto the back of his left knee, and you will weaken him thereby, and throw him over your right leg.	[109r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 109r.png 109r.			[286r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 286r.jpg 286r.	[12v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png 12v.
		A go-behind* When you face your opponent, stand with your right foot forward and take hold of his right hand with your own right hand. Then deceitfully step with your left foot behind him so that your back is against his back, take hold in his right armpit with your left hand. If he on the other hand steps so slyly behind you and has taken hold of you thus, then quickly stoop down and put your head in his waist. Then, grab with your left hand onto his right leg and lift up, and push your body hard onto his back, straighten yourself up, and you may throw him or carry him away. * Latin: A technique for deceiving the opponent whereby you stealthily fool him with a false step on your left foot.	[109v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 109v.png 109v.			[286v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 286v.jpg 286v.	[13v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13v.png 13v.
		A head first topple* When you come before the opponent then make sure to grab hold with your left hand in the back of his neck in his collar or in the jacket he is wearing. Then stoop down stretch the arm away from you so that he cannot take hold around you, and when he then tries to get away from you, then push him with above mentioned arm as if you were to throw him on his face. When he then extends his arms towards the ground in order to take the fall, do not let go of his collar but hold him firmly. Then reach through between his both legs with your right hand and take hold of his right hand and swing him over one foot, and you will topple him over head first. * A technique for putting the opponent down head first with his feet in the air.	[110r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 110r.png 110r.			[287r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 287r.jpg 287r.	[12r] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12r.png 12r.
		A carry-off Do as follows in this technique: if your opponent stands with his right foot forward and grabs you with his right hand in your right side, then, if you want to win this fight, quickly grab hold with your left hand onto his right and lift it up high. Then bend down into the scales, so that his back gets on your left shoulder, and with your right hand grab hold of his lower left leg. Straighten yourself up, and you may either carry him away or throw him away from you.	[110v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 110v.png 110v.			[287v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 287v.jpg 287v.	[11v] Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11v.png 11v.
		How to hold a thrown opponent down If your opponent is brought to a fall and you fall with him, then take care to put your left hand on his left shoulder and press down, and with your right hand grab him by the hair. Then put your right knee behind on his back and your left foot over his both legs and press them together firmly. Then pull him up hard by the hair, and he will not be able to get up.	[111r] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 111r.png 111r.			[288r] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 288r.jpg 288r.
		How to pin down a fallen opponent, so that he cannot get up again when you both have fallen down, do thus: grab with your left hand in on the inside of his right elbow, and push it up, and with your right hand forward on his left arm, and stretch them out from each other. If he has taken hold of you this way, and lies chest to chest with you and with both legs between both of yours, then strike out with right foot over his back and with your left over his right, that way he is just as pinned down as you are. However, if you want to get free from him, then knee him in the groin, and he will have to let you go and has no more strength.	[111v] Page:MS Dresd.C.94 111v.png 111v.			[288v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 288v.jpg 288v.
						[168v] Page:Cod.icon. 393 I 168v.jpg 168v.

Source Images	Images	English Translation by Per Magnus Haaland	Dresden Version II (1550s) by Pierre-Henry Bas	Vienna Version II (1550s) [German]	Vienna Version II (1550s) [Latin]	Munich Version I (1550s) by Per Magnus Haaland	Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545)
			[126v] Hernachuolgt wie Man ausz der. zwirch Rinngen soll.
			Die erst zwirch Item Rinngstu Mit ainem. Im lanngen arm. so prich Im ausz mit ainner hannd. vnnd far Im nach dem fuosz als du Inn auf wollest zucken. so zeucht er den fuosz hinndersich vnnd fleucht damit so gee dem fuosz nach. mit dem arm. vnnd trit mit deinnem fuosz hinnder In Inn die zwirch so wirfstu In auf den Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Die annder zwirch Item die annder Zwirch treyb allso. wann du mit ainnem Rinngst Inn lanngen armen. so prich Im ausz [127r] mit dem rechten arm. vnnd far Im Durch sein linncke Vchsen. vnnd far mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinn fuosz. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Die dritt zwirch Item die drit Zwirch treib also wann du mit lanngen armen rinngst mit ainnem. so prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd hallt dich fast fursich vnnd halt seinnen arm mit baiden hennden. vnnd reid dich vonn Im. so wirffstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Die viert zwirch Item die viert Zwirch treib also wann du mit ainnem Rinngst zu lanngen armen. so prich Im auf mit dem [127v] Rechten Arm vnnd gee. ain Weil mit Im vmb. vnnd gehlinng so sprinng mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinnen rechten. vnnd mit dem rechten Elenpogen vnnder sein Rechten Vchsen. so wirfstu In. auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Das funnfft Zwirch Item die Funnfft Zwirch treib allso prich Im ausz mit deinnem Rechten arm. vnnd ger ain weil mit Im vmb vnnd gehlinng. so zuckh In an dich vnnd gee hoch auf mit deinnem Rechten arm oben vber seinn rechten arm. vmb seinnen rucken. vnnd trit mit dem Rechten fuosz hinnder In. vnnd tauch In mit dem knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.
			Die sechste zwirch Item die sechste zwirch treib allso. prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd gee ain weill mit Im vmb. vnnd scheub Inn [128r] starckh vonn dir. vnnd zuckh Gehlingen an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie vnnd fall Im mit der Rechten achsel Inn seinen rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Die sibent Zwirch. Item die sibent Zwirch treib also. prich Im ausz mit deinnem rechten arm. vnnd scheub In starckh von dir. vnnd zuckh In gehlinng an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie. vnnd fall Im mit der rechten achsel Inn seinnen Rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.
			Die wag Item setzt sich ainner Inn die wag. vnnd will dich Inn kain zwirch kumen lassen. so prich. [128v] Im ausz mit deinnem rechten. arm. Vnnd henng Im den hagcken an seinnen rechten arm. vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. so prichst du Im den arm. ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.
			Ainn annders Rinngen. Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem gleych fassens Inn lanngen armen. so greiff Im mit deiner linncken hannd Inn seinn linncke Inn das glennckh vnd. reib Ims vmb vnnd greiff Im mit deinner Rechten hand an seinnen Rechten Elennpogen. vnnd trit In fur mit deinnem rechten fuosz. so prichstu Im den Arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten.
			Inn lanngen Armen zu Rinngen. [129r] Item rinngstu Mit ainnem. Inn lanngen armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd lasz In mit vnnder dich. greifft er dir dann oben nach ainner zwirch so greyff Inn bald nach seinnem Elennpogen. vnnd tauch In vonn dir vnnd trit mit ainnem fuosz fur In. so wirfstu In auf das maul. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten.
			Mitt starcken zu Rinngen. Item Rinngstu Mitt ainnem starcken vnnd magst Inn kain stuckh oder zwirch kumen. so prich Im ausz vnnd schlag Im mit deinnem ewichen arm aussen auf seinnen ewichen arm. vnnden nach seinnem linncken fuosz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.
			[129v] Ainn notta Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem Inn lanngen armen. vnnder will dich Inn kain zwirch lassen. so prich Im ausz vnd gee ain weil mit Im vmb vnd tauch In fast zu ruckh vnnd gehlinng zuckh an dich vnnd far Im mit deinnem kopff durch seinnen rechten Arm. vnnd mit deinnem rechten arm durch sein rechten fuosz. vnnd heb In auf.
			Item so dich ainner Also gefast hat. als vor. so reckh die fuosz hinnden weitt hindan vonn dir. vnnd leg dich oben auf In. vnnd schwer dich nider zu der Erden. vnnd hiet das Er dir kainnen fuosz ergreyff. vnnd lauf fast vmb mit Im. so wirfstu In nider
			[130r] Notta Item so sich ainner Allso auf dich legt. so fasz Im seinne baid arm. zusamen. vnnd halts Im fast vnnd winnd dich hinder Im vmb an den rucken vnnd reckh dich mit den fuessen lanng hindan. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.
			Ein annders Item legt sich ainner Allso schwer auf dich. das du dich ausz Im nit winnden magst. so fasz Im seine baid arm. vnnd heb Ims starckh vnnd setz gehlinng nider auf den sackh. setz. vnnd setz Im das haupt starckh Inn den bauch. so wirfstu In vber den rucken ausz. auf das angesicht
			[130v] Mitt gleych fassen Item Rinngstu mit Ainem gleych fassens. Inn den armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd schleusz deinne arm nit zu. das du sy prauchen migst. wann dich ainner dann mit gewalt hebe will. so wart wenn Er sich nider sennckt. nach der krafft vnnd die knie beugt so stosz Im mit deinnem knie aussen an sein knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.
			Knie stossen Item so ainner Also das knie stost. das du fallen must. so halt dich starckh mit deinnem rechten arm. vnd reckh die fuosz vnnden lanng hinnausz. vnnd schwing dich Im fall starckh zu der erden. vnnd fall mit der linncken hand hinder In auf die erden. so wirfstu In vber dich auf. vnnd haist das mitfallen vnnd der drit fusz vnnd geet z_ von baiden seitten.
			[131r] Mitt ainnem starcken Item rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken. gleych fassens. vnnd er hebt dich mit gwallt vber die Erden. so greife Im mit der linncken hannd hinder seinnen kinpacken vnnd tauch In fast von dir. vnnd alszbald er dir auf last geen. so greiff mit deiner rechten hannd Inn das gelaich. vnnd tritt mit deinnem Rechten fusz fur In. so wirfstu In vnnd prichst Im den arm ab vnd geet von baide seitte.
			Notta Item wann dich ainner allso gefasst hatt Vnd baid arm Inn ainannder geschlossen hat. vnnd mit dem fusz fur will tretten. so greyff bald mit deinner rechten hannd In dein lincke vnnd zeuch fast herfur wartz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten.
			[131v] Ainn annders Ringen Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken gleych fassens. so wart wann er dich will zu Im tauchen. oder trucken. das du Im seinnen rechten arm mit deinnen baiden armen fassest. vnnd setz Im dein achsel starckh hinder sein rechten. Vchsen. Inn die Fast. will er dich dann mit gwallt vberdrinngen. so wart das du Im ainnen fuosz ergreiffest. das geet von baiden seitten.
			So dir ainner zu Starckh ist. Item ist dir ainner zu starckh vnnd will dir ainnen fusz mit gwallt aufheben so schleusz Im ainnen hacken. so dir ainner den hagcken einscheust. so heb In oben zu dir. vnnd heb In auf. vnd schlag In mit den geschlossnen fuessen. an sein ledigen fusz. so fellt er an Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			[132r] Notta Item Rinngstu mit ainem Vor dir zu starckh ist. so besich. das du Im In den hacken komest. vnnd zeuch In. fast hinndersich vnnd du In herzu brinngst. so ruckh Im den gehagckten fuosz herfur. so wirfstu In an den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Notta vonn hacken Item Rinngstu mit Ainem starcken vnnd kumpt dir mit gewallt Inn den hagcken. so ruckh. In mit der Rechten hannd starckh zu dir vnnd trit Im mit dem geschlossnen fuosz. auf seinn ledigen fuosz. vnnd truckh In oben von dir. so wirfstu In auf das maul.
			[132v] Notta Item hat dir ainner Gehackt vnnd ergreifft dir deinnen ledigen arm vnnd will dich werffen. so greiff In bald mit deinnem. vnndern arm hindenher vber seinnen arm. vnnd Ruckh In herfur. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnd wirfst In auf das maul. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Notta Item so du empfindst das dich ainner. ausz dem hagcken will prinngen. so spann dich hart Inn In. gehlingen so tritt mit dem selbigen fuosz fur In vnnd ker Im die huff Inn die schosz. vnd greiff Im mit deinner lincken hand. hinden nach dem pain. so wirfstu In vber den rucken. vnd geet zu baiden seitten.
			Ain annders Ringen Item vbereylt dich ainner Vnd pringt baid arm vnder vnnd hebt dich vnnd will dich werffen oder trucken. so greyff Im mit baiden henden. auf das haupt. vnnd tauch Ims oben hindan vnd stosz Im hinden nider. so stostu Im den hals ab.
			[133r] Einn fassen Item fast dich ainner Mit seiner linncken hannd. bey dem goller vnnd mit der. rechten vnnden. bey der Jurpen. so greyfft Im mit deinner linncken hannd Inn sein glenckh vnd reib Im vmb. vnnd setz Im deinnen rechten Elenpogen oben auf sein arm. vnnd truckh Inn nider zu der erden. das geet zu baiden seitten.
			Arm bruch Item ob ainner den Lincken arm nider senckest. vnnd last In nit vmbreiben. so schleusz Im deine baid arm vnden vmb seinen rechten arm. nachent bey dem gelaich vnd heb In vbersich auf so prichstu Im den arm ab vnnd geet von baiden seitten.
			Facht dich ainer vmb. Item vmbfacht dich ainner hinden vmb In ainer schitt oder Ringen. so greyff bald auf mit baiden henden vber dein haupt. vnnd fasz In bey dem har. so wirfstu In vber das haupt. wiltu das prechen. so ergreyff Im seine baid Elenpogen vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. oder zeuch das haupt fast hinder sich. das ers nit erlanngen mag.
			[133v] Notta Item hebt dich ainner Starckh vnd. will dich zu dem har nit kumen mugest. lassen so stosz. Im oben nach dem Maul. vnnd sennckh dich gehlinngen nider. vnd trit mit ainem fuosz hinder Inn. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnd geet von baiden seitte.
			Vom vndertreten Item hept dich ainner Starckh vnnd setz sich Inn die wag. vnnd will sich nit vnndertretten lassen. so fasz In bey ainem finnger. so prichstu Im den finger ausz. das soll man verporgen hallten vnndonn noth kainnem thon.
			Vornen vmb zu fachen Item so dich ainner vornen. Vmbfacht vnnd hat baid arm vnden. so greiff Im mit ainner hand Inn das goller. vnd stich In mit ainnem finger. Inn den hals. so muosz er dich lassen. vnd magst In dann vndertreten. vnnd auf den rucken werffen.
			[134r] Notta Item fast dich ainner Hinnden bey dem goller. vnnd will dich fachen oder stechen. so greyff Im mit deiner linncken hannd oben auf seinn hannd Inn das gleaich vnnd reyb Ims vmb. vnd setz Im deinnen. Rechten Elenpogenoben auf sein arm vnnd stosz nider. zu der erden. so prichstu Im dem arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten.
			Notta Item hept dich ainner bey dem Goller so ker dich auf dein linncken seitten. vnnd stosz In mit der rechten hannd Inn sein Elenpogen. vnnd tritt mitdeinnem linncken fuosz fur In. so stosstu In auf das Maul. das geet von baiden seitten.
			Ainn Rinngen Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem vnd sichst das er dich schlagen will. so leg. deine baidhend auf den pauch. vnd gee vast auf In. schlecht er dir dann nach dem angesicht. so far auf mit deinner Rechten hannd vnnd fach den schlag In offne hand vnnd tritt Im dann ein als hernach steet.
			[124v] Notta Item so du Im den schlag hast Aufgefanngen. mit deinner rechten hannd. so tritt mit deinnem rechten fuosz tüeff hinnder seinnen rechten fuosz.Inn die zwirch. so wirffstu In auf den Rucken./.
			Notta Item schlecht dir ainer Nach dem angesicht. so stosz In mit deinner linncken geraden faust vnden an sein goller vnnd fall Im mit dem rechten arm vmb sein pain. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.
			Notta Item schlecht dir ainner zu. so fach den Schlag auf dein ewichen hannd vnd truckh In fast zurukh. vnnd greyff mit deinner linncken hannd vnnden vmb seinen Rechten Arm vnd tritt mit deinem rechten fuosz vnder sein rechten. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnnd wirfft Im den arm ab.
			[135r] Beim har zufassen. Item fast dich ainner Bey dem har. so greiff Im mit deinner linncken hand vber seinne baid hend. In sein rechten hannd Inn das glaich vnd mit dem rechten vnnden Inn den Elennpogen. vnnd winnd Im den arm Inn die hoch auf. so wirfstu ledig vnnd prichst Im den arm ab.
			Notta Item wann du mit ainem Faffest. so fasz In als vor. vnnd wind Im sein linncke hannd auf dein rechten arm. vnnd truckh In fast zu der Erden. vnnd schlag In mit der linncken hannd auf den hals.
			Einn abwerffen Hatt dich ainner Inn der mitte gefast vnnd vermaint dich mit dem kopff an rucken zu stossen. so er [135v] wisch In Indes mit seinnen baiden Achslen wder Wie du In daselbst mit dem goller fassen kanst. schlag ain pain fur. so schwingstu In daruber. das Erfallen muosz.
			Bruch Fast er dich allso zum Schwimg. so lasz vonn seinner waiche. vnnd greyff Im Inn die Kniepug. heb Ibersich. so fellst In an den rucken. oder wirfst In vber dein kopff. oder laufft mit Im daruon.
			Ein werffen ausz Dem Rinngen Item begreyff sein Linncke hand mit deinner rechten. heb Im seinnen arm wol vbersich. gee mit dem haupt durch greiff mit der Linncken hannd. Inn seinn rechten kniepug. heb In mit den schultern beim bain auf. wirff In vber dein Rucken auf den kopff.
			[136r] Einn annders Item greyff Im mit Deinner Lincke hannd Inn sein rechte. vnnd reyb sy von dir Inn die Linncken seitten. vnnd schreit mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinder seinnen Rechten. greiff mit deinner Rechten vornen vmb seinnen hals. vnd wirff In fur dich vber die hüff des rechten pains
			Notta Item gat er hoch gegen dir Inn dem Rinngen mit aufgereckten armen. so lauf Im durch mit dem haupt. vnnder seinnen rechten arm. seinner rechten seitten. schreit vornen fur seinnen rechten fuosz. vnnd far Im mit deinnem Rechten arm vnnder seinnem rechten durch vnnd hinden vmb seinner leyb. senckh dich ain wenig nider vnnd heb In auf dein Rechte hüff. vnnd wirff In hinder dich
			[136v] So ainner Gefallen Ist Enntlich so du ainnen geworffen. vnnd zu fal pracht. so knie Im zwische baide pain auf seinne gemecht. fasz Im baid hennd oder die gurgel. truckh fast allenthalben zu der Erden. so behelst du In.
			Bruch Item pistuje ver gwalltigt Vnd vnnder geworffen. hab eylenndsgut acht. das dir deinne hend nit verschlossen seien. sonnder far Im gleych mit ainner hand Ins angsicht den daumen vnnders kin. die anndern finger vnnder den augapffel. greyff also starckh mit der anndern hannd stosz Im starck neben zur plassen. streck ainnen schennckel der dir amledigsten ist. zeuch In geschwinnd wider an dich. so gibstu Im ein guts zu den hoden. Mit disen drey griffen zu ainnem mal magstu In vonn dir prinngen../.