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! <p>[[Gladiatoria (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Version]] (1465-1480)<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Gladiatoria (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Version]] (1465-1480)<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Gladiatoria (Cl. 23842)|Paris Version]] (1490s)<br/></p>
 
! <p>[[Gladiatoria (Cl. 23842)|Paris Version]] (1490s)<br/></p>
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1v.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1v.jpg|300x300px|center]]
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| Note the first play of the spear. When you initially enter the barricades and see your opponent, hold your buckler in your left hand and raise your spear [with the right hand] for a powerful downward thrust and see where you might hit him easiest.
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| <p>Note the first play of the spear. When you initially enter the barricades and see your opponent, hold your buckler in your left hand and raise your spear [with the right hand] for a powerful downward thrust and see where you might hit him easiest.</p>
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Turn the spear with the iron towards the ground (lit: turn the iron below itself) and deflect the thrust he wanted to direct at you with a strong blow. And when you deflect his thrust, aim for his left foot and thrust with force, using both hands.
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<p>Turn the spear with the iron towards the ground (lit: turn the iron below itself) and deflect the thrust he wanted to direct at you with a strong blow. And when you deflect his thrust, aim for his left foot and thrust with force, using both hands.</p>
 
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| '''[1v]''' Merckcht den anfanckch des spiess wenn du zu dem ersten mal tritest in dye schrenck - vnd du ansichtig wirst deinen widertail So nym dein thartschen in dye tencken hant vnd den spies zu dem stich mit sterchk von oben nyder . vnd schaw wo du yn am . pesten mügst treffen mit dem stich So nym dein spies in peyde hendt . vnd cher daz eysen vntersich vnd schlach mit sterchck ym aws den stich den er auf dich wolt tun vnd wenn du ym den stich hast aws geschlagen . so setz für den thencken fuß vnd stich auff yn mit chreften mit peden henten
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| {{paget|page:MS Germ.Quart.16|01v|jpg}}
 
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| '''[33r]''' [No text]
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 2r.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
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| Note the second play of the spear. If he foiled the thrust of your spear, draw your sword and hold it in your left hand, point down, awaiting his powerful thrust. Close in, grip your sword with both hands and keep him from getting to his sword, and see if you can part him from his spear.
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| <p>Note the second play of the spear. If he foiled the thrust of your spear, draw your sword and hold it in your left hand, point down, awaiting his powerful thrust. Close in, grip your sword with both hands and keep him from getting to his sword, and see if you can part him from his spear.</p>
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| '''[1r]''' Merkcht das and[er] stukch des spýess ob dw im deinen spýes auf in hast v[er]schassen So nymb dein swert in dye le[n]gt ha[n]t vnd slach <del>ach</del> ym aus seinen stich vnd lauff mit ym ein vnd nöt in mit deinem degenn das er nicht müg zw seinem sswert müg komen
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| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5013|01r|jpg}}
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| '''[2r]''' Merckch das ander stuchck . ab er dich hett bracht mit dem streich von deinem spies . so tzuck aus dein swert vnd nym es yn dye tencken handt vnd cher den ort vntersich ab er mit seinem spies mit chreften auf dich stech . so lawff mit ym ein vnd greiff zu deinem swert mit payden hentten vnd were ym daz er nicht müg chomen zu seinem swert vnd schaw auch ab dw yn auch mügst von seinem spies pringen
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| {{paget|page:MS Germ.Quart.16|02r|jpg}}
 
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| '''[35v]''' [No text]
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 2v.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
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| Note the third play of the spear. If he grabs his spear with all his might and prepares for a thrust to your face, set your spear on the ground in front of you, point up, and deflect his thrust with an upward blow. This way you avert his thrust on your face. Now change your position (lit. "turn your place") and thrust at him as best as you can.
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| <p>Note the third play of the spear. If he grabs his spear with all his might and prepares for a thrust to your face, set your spear on the ground in front of you, point up, and deflect his thrust with an upward blow. This way you avert his thrust on your face. Now change your position (lit. "turn your place") and thrust at him as best as you can.</p>
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| '''[1v]''' Merkch das dritt stukch des Spýes ob er seinen spýes zw gantz[er] sterkch hyet gevasst vnd walt dich stech[e]n zw dem gesicht So setz[e] deinen spyes fürdich auff dy erd[e]n vnd cher das eys[e]n vbersich vnd slach auf vnder von Pndt[e]n So retstw dich des stichs den er dir walt tan hab[e]n zw dem gesicht
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| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5013|01v|jpg}}
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| '''[2v]''' Merckch das dritt stuckch des spies . ab er seinen spies zu gantzer sterchck hett gevast vnd wolt dich stechen zu dem gesicht So setz deinen spies für dich . auff dye erden vnd cher das eysen vbersich vnd schlach auff von vndten So retzst dw dich des stichs den er dir wolt getan haben zu dem gesicht vnd cher für deinen ort vnd stich wider awff yn daz besten als dw chanst
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| {{paget|page:MS Germ.Quart.16|02v|jpg}}
 
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| '''[33v]''' [No text]
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| Note the fourth play. If he threw his spear at you, grip your spear with all your strength and thrust at him with all your power.  
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| <p>Note the fourth play. If he threw his spear at you, grip your spear with all your strength and thrust at him with all your power.</p>
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If he thrusts at you with all his strength, deflect his blow with your left hand, put it under your left armpit and hold it there. Draw your sword and shoot it where you have the best chance of winning.
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| '''[2r]''' Merkch das vyerd stukch ob er seinen sp:es hett auff dich geschass[e]n Sa nýmb deinen sp:es zw gantz[er] sterkch vnd stich auff in mit gantzer krafft ob er mit gantz[er] sterkch auff dich stech So slach mit dein[er] tenk[e]n hant ym den stich aus vnd vach yn Pnd[er] dein tenkes Rseh[e]n vnd halt vest vnd ny[m] dein Swert zw dem schüs vnd scheUs in wo dw in am pest[e]n mügst gew]omen
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<p>If he thrusts at you with all his strength, deflect his blow with your left hand, put it under your left armpit and hold it there. Draw your sword and shoot it where you have the best chance of winning.</p>
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| '''[3r]''' Merchk das vierd stuckch . ob er seinen spies hett auff dich geschossen So nym - deinen spies zw gantzer sterckh vnd stich auff yn mit gantzer crafft ob er mit gantzer sterckch auff dich stech . So slach mit deiner tencken hant ym den stich aws vnd vach yn vnter dein tenckh vchsen vnd halt yn vest vnd nym dein swert zu dem schüs vnd schews in wo dw in am pesten magst gewinnen
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| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5013|02r|jpg}}
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| '''[1r]''' Merckch das vyerd stuckch ober seinen spÿes hett auff dich geschossñ So nym deinen spÿes zw gantz krefft vnd stich auff in mit gantz krafft ob er mit gantz sterckch auff dich stech so slach mitt deiner tenkñ hant im den stich aus vnd vach in vnder dein tenkchs vschen vnd halt vest vnd nim dein swert zw dem schüs vnd schaus in wo dw in am pestñ mugst gewInnen
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| {{paget|page:MS Germ.Quart.16|03r|jpg}}
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| '''[36r]''' [No text]
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| {{paget|Page:MS U860.F46 1450|01r|jpg}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º|36r|jpg|blk=1}}
 
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Revision as of 19:47, 20 June 2014

Gladiatoria Group
MS Germ.Quart.16 01r.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Illustrated by Unknown
Patron Unknown
Date ca. 1430s
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Currently lost
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition 		Knight, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester and
Dierk Hagedorn
Translations Traduzione italiana

The Gladiatoria Group is a series of several 15th century German manuscripts that share the same art style and cover the same material—various types of armored combat. These are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, but not directly influenced by it.[citation needed] Gladiatoria is thus one of very few glimpses into the characteristics of a potentially independent German martial tradition.

The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of devices of armored fencing following the typical progression of a judicial duel: beginning with spears and small shields called ecranches, moving to longswords, then employing daggers on foot and on the ground. (Traditional dueling would begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ecranche is designed for mounted fencing, but Gladiatoria skips that stage entirely.) The diverse manuscripts in the group generally describe other kinds of fighting as well, such as the sword and buckler of the Codex Guelf 78.2 August 2º or the longshield of the MS German Quarto 16, but these teachings lack some of the common elements of the core Gladiatoria complex and will not be covered on this page. They may be found on the individual manuscript pages.

There are currently five known versions of the Gladiatoria treatise, found in the MS KK5013, the MS German Quarto 16 (the only version with a title page), the MS U860.F46 1450, the Codex Guelf 78.2 August 2º, and the MS Cl. 23842. Hans-Peter Hils mentions a sixth lost manuscript identified as MS T in his edition of Gladiatoria,[1] but Dierk Hagedorn has since determined that this is the MS U860 F46 1450 (which Hils did not have access to). Aside from these five, there are several other manuscripts that some scholars have ascribed to the group. These include the the Cod.11093 and part C of the Codex Wallerstein (also known as pseudo-Gladiatoria for this reason). In each case, there are disqualifying factors that lead us to exclude them from the group, but additional research may reverse these decisions.

While the three oldest texts in the Gladiatoria complex present a fairly identical set of devices, the slightly later Wolfenbüttel version of the treatise contains significantly more material, primarily in the dagger section. The origin of this additional material is unknown, and the textless nature of that version makes it difficult to place these plays in any sort of context. However, their existence may signify that the archetype was much more extensive than any known copy.

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Hils, Hans-Peter. "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts." Codices manuscripti. Issue 13, 1987.
  • Knight, Hugh T., Jr. The Gladiatoria Fechtbuch: A Fifteenth-Century German Fight Book. Lulu.com, 2008.
  • Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Judicial Armoured Dagger Combat of Gladiatoria and KK 5013." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts. Ed. Jeffrey Hull. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3

References

  1. ↑ Hils, Hans Peter. "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts." Codici Manuscripti 13. Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 1987. pp. 1-54. Print.
  2. ↑ Es läßt sich nicht zweifelsfrei ausmachen, ob das Wort durchgestrichen oder die Tinte nur verwischt wurde
  3. ↑ Zwischen „gew“ und „omen“ befindet sich ein Zeichen, daß wie eine schließende Klammer aussieht.
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