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Difference between revisions of "Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)"
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<br/>Let yourself be seized by him, even if you could prevent it. If he has seized you under the arms around the chest and pressed you against him, then he intends to lift you up. In that case, you must let yourself sink down and seize him under the knee. Resist his pressing and bend him with both hands so that the head goes behind over his back. In this way you, as a weaker one, can throw a strong man to the ground. | <br/>Let yourself be seized by him, even if you could prevent it. If he has seized you under the arms around the chest and pressed you against him, then he intends to lift you up. In that case, you must let yourself sink down and seize him under the knee. Resist his pressing and bend him with both hands so that the head goes behind over his back. In this way you, as a weaker one, can throw a strong man to the ground. | ||
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If you want to seize someone and he sets an arm-lever/hold, then let go immediately of his arm and grab him in the hair. Tear him by the hair to your shoulder, and then run his head against the wall. Thus he is defeated. | If you want to seize someone and he sets an arm-lever/hold, then let go immediately of his arm and grab him in the hair. Tear him by the hair to your shoulder, and then run his head against the wall. Thus he is defeated. | ||
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'''Note:''' If you and your opponent approach each other and he pulls both arms to you, then step with the left side forward. Let the left arm slide rapidly wrongly around his neck, the right between his legs. In this way throw him over the head: then he is stunned. | '''Note:''' If you and your opponent approach each other and he pulls both arms to you, then step with the left side forward. Let the left arm slide rapidly wrongly around his neck, the right between his legs. In this way throw him over the head: then he is stunned. | ||
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If you and an equally strong opponent approach each other, then you MUST not hesitate. If you seize him in full run, he cannot prevent it. Grab him from below and throw him in that way. But take care that it does not happen to you! | If you and an equally strong opponent approach each other, then you MUST not hesitate. If you seize him in full run, he cannot prevent it. Grab him from below and throw him in that way. But take care that it does not happen to you! | ||
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The Fifth Piece: Throw over the Shoulde}}</p> | | <p>{{red|b=1|The Fifth Piece: Throw over the Shoulde}}</p> | ||
From a full run, seize his right hand with your left and hold on tightly. Duck through under his right arm, pass your left hand through and seize his thigh. Take him then on the shoulders and throw him on his head. | From a full run, seize his right hand with your left and hold on tightly. Duck through under his right arm, pass your left hand through and seize his thigh. Take him then on the shoulders and throw him on his head. | ||
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However, if he ducks rapidly and slips through under your arm, then he has repelled this technique. | However, if he ducks rapidly and slips through under your arm, then he has repelled this technique. | ||
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The first entrance to wrestling: lead your lower arm over his upper arm in front of his neck, and the other arm in the hollow of the knee. This works for both sides. | The first entrance to wrestling: lead your lower arm over his upper arm in front of his neck, and the other arm in the hollow of the knee. This works for both sides. | ||
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One break: Turn over the hand that is above, and seize him in the front at the neck, with the other hand on his leg. | One break: Turn over the hand that is above, and seize him in the front at the neck, with the other hand on his leg. | ||
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− | + | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 068r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 068v.png|1|lbl=68v|p=1}} | |
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| <p>If you can't achieve the first wrestle-hold, then turn over (or change) both hands, so that one is at his neck and the other is at his leg. This works for both sides. This break is called the Leg-break (at the leg set technique) at the arm.</p> | | <p>If you can't achieve the first wrestle-hold, then turn over (or change) both hands, so that one is at his neck and the other is at his leg. This works for both sides. This break is called the Leg-break (at the leg set technique) at the arm.</p> | ||
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Strike your lower arm over that of his, seize also with the second hand and shift the foot of the same side to the rear. And throw him in front of you on his face. This works for both sides. | Strike your lower arm over that of his, seize also with the second hand and shift the foot of the same side to the rear. And throw him in front of you on his face. This works for both sides. | ||
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− | + | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 068v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 069r.png|1|lbl=69r|p=1}} | |
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| <p>Or else seize with both hands interlinked, pull him down by the neck and step him<ref>Or I think its more likely that the word treten here is intended to convey kicking.</ref> with the feet behind you. These are the three Wrestles. One can execute these from the approaching-in on both sides, and also the defence techniques from them.</p> | | <p>Or else seize with both hands interlinked, pull him down by the neck and step him<ref>Or I think its more likely that the word treten here is intended to convey kicking.</ref> with the feet behind you. These are the three Wrestles. One can execute these from the approaching-in on both sides, and also the defence techniques from them.</p> | ||
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If someone holds you under the arms and intends to carry you away or throw you with force: | If someone holds you under the arms and intends to carry you away or throw you with force: | ||
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter-technique 1}}</p> | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter-technique 1}}</p> | ||
Attack him with both arms to his throat and press there. | Attack him with both arms to his throat and press there. | ||
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Turn his head around with both hands, one at the chin, the other one at the back of his head. | Turn his head around with both hands, one at the chin, the other one at the back of his head. | ||
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Both thumbs to the throat and the other fingers in his eyes. | Both thumbs to the throat and the other fingers in his eyes. | ||
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter-technique 4}}</p> | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter-technique 4}}</p> | ||
Press both thumbs against his temples. | Press both thumbs against his temples. | ||
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If you and your opponent approach each other, then lock both arms in front of the chest and punch him against the neck. Then bend down, seize his leg underneath the calves, and throw him. | If you and your opponent approach each other, then lock both arms in front of the chest and punch him against the neck. Then bend down, seize his leg underneath the calves, and throw him. | ||
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| <p><br/></p> | | <p><br/></p> | ||
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When someone grabs you from behind around the hips, then turn yourself around a little and step with both feet close to his feet, on any side. Seize the next leg with both hands above the knee. If he does not release you, then throw him on his head. | When someone grabs you from behind around the hips, then turn yourself around a little and step with both feet close to his feet, on any side. Seize the next leg with both hands above the knee. If he does not release you, then throw him on his head. | ||
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Seize someone from behind you between the hands, and press him with that. | Seize someone from behind you between the hands, and press him with that. | ||
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Seize one of his hands with both your hands, in any case two fingers right next to each other, and tear them apart. | Seize one of his hands with both your hands, in any case two fingers right next to each other, and tear them apart. | ||
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− | <p>{{red|b=1|The Ninth Piece: Punch to the Neck}}</p> | + | |- |
+ | | <p>{{red|b=1|The Ninth Piece: Punch to the Neck}}</p> | ||
In approaching: punch against him with the second hand against the neck; and then wrestle. | In approaching: punch against him with the second hand against the neck; and then wrestle. | ||
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Seize in the wrestle with your right hand to his right arm behind his right hand, and seize with your left hand at his elbow. And lay his arm in your arm, step behind him, and hold him firmly. If you do not have him defeated, then seize his right leg under the calf with the right hand and throw him on his nose. And hold him with both hands, or with one hand, as you please, and you can also alter which hand you use on his arm. | Seize in the wrestle with your right hand to his right arm behind his right hand, and seize with your left hand at his elbow. And lay his arm in your arm, step behind him, and hold him firmly. If you do not have him defeated, then seize his right leg under the calf with the right hand and throw him on his nose. And hold him with both hands, or with one hand, as you please, and you can also alter which hand you use on his arm. | ||
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− | + | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 070v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 071r.png|1|lbl=71r|p=1}} | |
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If you throw someone onto his back, then attack him with the left knee on his right arm, exactly on the joint. And attack him with the left arm on his neck, and press hard. Seize his left hand with your right, and hold him then with your left hand then you can do whatever you please with the right hand. This works also for the left side. | If you throw someone onto his back, then attack him with the left knee on his right arm, exactly on the joint. And attack him with the left arm on his neck, and press hard. Seize his left hand with your right, and hold him then with your left hand then you can do whatever you please with the right hand. This works also for the left side. | ||
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If you wish to throw someone onto his back, then seize his legs (in falling) under the knee with both hands. And lift, as high as you can, and attack him between his legs with both knees into the testicles. And bend down, so that you can hold both of his legs with one hand, then you can use your other hand as you please. | If you wish to throw someone onto his back, then seize his legs (in falling) under the knee with both hands. And lift, as high as you can, and attack him between his legs with both knees into the testicles. And bend down, so that you can hold both of his legs with one hand, then you can use your other hand as you please. | ||
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If you wish to apply the first ground technique, then allow yourself to fall down. Lift the knee as high as possible and hold him firmly about the back. Pull him with you on the knee; if you then stretch out your leg, he will slide off. Follow through with both the hands and feet, and immobilize him with one of the holds. | If you wish to apply the first ground technique, then allow yourself to fall down. Lift the knee as high as possible and hold him firmly about the back. Pull him with you on the knee; if you then stretch out your leg, he will slide off. Follow through with both the hands and feet, and immobilize him with one of the holds. | ||
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If your opponent applies an upper grasp, then duck down until your head is under his chest and pull him with you. Bend your knee, seize him with any hand between the legs and throw him over you. Then throw yourself over him to make a hold. | If your opponent applies an upper grasp, then duck down until your head is under his chest and pull him with you. Bend your knee, seize him with any hand between the legs and throw him over you. Then throw yourself over him to make a hold. | ||
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The Third Ground Technique}}</p> | | <p>{{red|b=1|The Third Ground Technique}}</p> | ||
If a man has you under him, then observe which of his hands is above. Seize on the same side at his arm. This is called a Leg-break and is often used in wrestling. Seize with the full strength of your hands and your legs and with your entire body, until you have brought the man under you. Then make one of the holds described above. | If a man has you under him, then observe which of his hands is above. Seize on the same side at his arm. This is called a Leg-break and is often used in wrestling. Seize with the full strength of your hands and your legs and with your entire body, until you have brought the man under you. Then make one of the holds described above. | ||
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Seize the man with the left hand above the belt, where you want. At the same time punch with your left fist with your full strength against his heart. Then seize him with wrestling, whichever you can do best, and follow the wrestling with breaks and Widerbrche.<ref>This is a tricky word it could mean illegal breaks, unnatural breaks, or opposing breaks.</ref> You can apply the same breaks and opposing breaks in all situations: on horseback, on foot, prepared<ref>I assume this means either armoured or armed.</ref> or unguarded, in coming in close, lying down or standing. | Seize the man with the left hand above the belt, where you want. At the same time punch with your left fist with your full strength against his heart. Then seize him with wrestling, whichever you can do best, and follow the wrestling with breaks and Widerbrche.<ref>This is a tricky word it could mean illegal breaks, unnatural breaks, or opposing breaks.</ref> You can apply the same breaks and opposing breaks in all situations: on horseback, on foot, prepared<ref>I assume this means either armoured or armed.</ref> or unguarded, in coming in close, lying down or standing. | ||
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Seize the man with the left hand above the belt and punch your knee from underneath against his testicles. Then set about immediately with strong wrestling. | Seize the man with the left hand above the belt and punch your knee from underneath against his testicles. Then set about immediately with strong wrestling. | ||
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| <p>In all wrestles set the holds, when necessary, and also the ground techniques. Afterwards use also the death-blows and the throws over the leg (leg-breaks).</p> | | <p>In all wrestles set the holds, when necessary, and also the ground techniques. Afterwards use also the death-blows and the throws over the leg (leg-breaks).</p> | ||
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Seize the man with the left hand above the belt. With the right fist, punch him as hard as possible against the temples. Then set about immediately with strong wrestles. | Seize the man with the left hand above the belt. With the right fist, punch him as hard as possible against the temples. Then set about immediately with strong wrestles. | ||
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This is the usual wrestle at the arms, which is called under-break drive it by force. And if you seize his right arm, then step with the right leg to the rear and set the left foot in front of his leg. Then punch him in front of you over the hip. | This is the usual wrestle at the arms, which is called under-break drive it by force. And if you seize his right arm, then step with the right leg to the rear and set the left foot in front of his leg. Then punch him in front of you over the hip. | ||
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Seize whichever hand he reaches toward you. Grab the arm with both hands behind his hand and turn your back in front of his stomach. In turning around, lift his arm on your shoulder and force it down. Thus you break his arm. If he tries a counter-grip, then turn yourself around and wrestle. | Seize whichever hand he reaches toward you. Grab the arm with both hands behind his hand and turn your back in front of his stomach. In turning around, lift his arm on your shoulder and force it down. Thus you break his arm. If he tries a counter-grip, then turn yourself around and wrestle. | ||
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If someone stretches his hand forward and wants to attack you with clasping around you, punching, or wrestling, then seize his hand. Take it from underneath with the left. With the right hand drive through under the same shoulder, close in and step with the right foot behind his right leg. Press him to the rear over your hip, and hold him tightly with a grip. | If someone stretches his hand forward and wants to attack you with clasping around you, punching, or wrestling, then seize his hand. Take it from underneath with the left. With the right hand drive through under the same shoulder, close in and step with the right foot behind his right leg. Press him to the rear over your hip, and hold him tightly with a grip. | ||
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Seize whichever hand someone is using to grab hold of you, as in the previous piece. And drive through with the head and body under the same arm, and then press hard against his arm. If you then pull away his following foot, he will fall. | Seize whichever hand someone is using to grab hold of you, as in the previous piece. And drive through with the head and body under the same arm, and then press hard against his arm. If you then pull away his following foot, he will fall. | ||
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There are two breaks possible against the leg: | There are two breaks possible against the leg: | ||
+ | | <p><br/></p> | ||
− | <p>{{red|b=1|The First Break}}</p> | + | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 075v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
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+ | | <p>{{red|b=1|The First Break}}</p> | ||
Seize his leg with both hands, one over the ankle, the other at the knee. From this comes a leg break. | Seize his leg with both hands, one over the ankle, the other at the knee. From this comes a leg break. | ||
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Seize his leg with both hands over the ankle and tear it over the shoulder; with that you will break his leg. | Seize his leg with both hands over the ankle and tear it over the shoulder; with that you will break his leg. | ||
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Punch him with both fists against the neck, as hard as you can. After that, wrestle. | Punch him with both fists against the neck, as hard as you can. After that, wrestle. | ||
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Punch him with the right hand against the navel, as hard as you can. | Punch him with the right hand against the navel, as hard as you can. | ||
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| <p>Then seize his right arm at the height of the biceps with your left hand. With your right arm, grab him tightly around his left side. Hold him firmly by the jacket or the hose (pants, breeches, whatever), move your backside in front of his hips, so that your right leg stands in front of his right, and throw him thus over the hip.</p> | | <p>Then seize his right arm at the height of the biceps with your left hand. With your right arm, grab him tightly around his left side. Hold him firmly by the jacket or the hose (pants, breeches, whatever), move your backside in front of his hips, so that your right leg stands in front of his right, and throw him thus over the hip.</p> | ||
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If someone wants to throw you over the hip, then sling his left arm around the neck. Tear him downward to your left side, then you throw him. | If someone wants to throw you over the hip, then sling his left arm around the neck. Tear him downward to your left side, then you throw him. | ||
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| <p><br/><br/></p> | | <p><br/><br/></p> | ||
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| <p><br/></p> | | <p><br/></p> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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− | ! [[Ott Jud|78r - | + | ! [[Ott Jud|78r - 84r]] |
| [[Grappling]] by Ott Jud (fragment) | | [[Grappling]] by Ott Jud (fragment) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! | + | ! 84r - 86v |
| {{treatise begin | | {{treatise begin | ||
| title = Anonymous grappling devices | | title = Anonymous grappling devices | ||
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Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn | |||||
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MS Dresd.C.487, Sächsische Landesbibliothek Dresden, Germany | |||||
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Type | |||||
Date | 1504-1519 (?) | ||||
Language(s) | Early New High German | ||||
Author(s) | |||||
Compiler | Unknown | ||||
Material | Paper | ||||
Size | 126 folia | ||||
Format | Double-sided, with black and red ink | ||||
Script | Bastarda | ||||
External data | Library catalog entry | ||||
Treatise scans |
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Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a German fencing manual created between 1504 and 1519.[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, but although his gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's.
Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past. In 1956, Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumption that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself as a copy of the MS 3227a and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.[2] In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on assumption that the manuscript was dedicated to Albrecht III of Bavaria and the source for the Cod. 44.A.8.[3] While the original text of Ringeck's gloss may still date to that time period, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date through watermark analysis.[1][4]
Contents
Provenance
The known provenance of the MS Dresden C.487 is:
- Created in Swabia or Bavaria using paper made between 1504 and 1519.[1]
- before 1755 – acquired by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany.[5]
- 1755-present – held by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek.
Contents
1r - 2v |
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3r - 9v | Recital by Johannes Liechtenauer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10v - 48v | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Bloßfechten by Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49r - 54r | Longsword by Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54r - 55v | Sword and Buckler by Andre Liegniczer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55v - 57r | Bloßfechten by Johannes Liechtenauer (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57r - 59v |
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66r - 77v |
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78r - 84r | Grappling by Ott Jud (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84r - 86v |
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88r - 108r | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Kampffechten by Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
109r - 121v | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Roßfechten by Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
122r - 125v | Four displaced pages |
Gallery
Images hosted by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek.
Additional Resources
- Dürer, Albrecht and Wassmannsdorff, Karl. Die Ringkunst des deutschen Mittelalters. Liepzig: Priber, 1870.
- Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
- Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
- Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
- Wierschin, Martin. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens. München: Beck, 1965.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre." Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen. August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ↑ Wierschin 12-13.
- ↑ Hils 54-57.
- ↑ See also Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
- ↑ Carl August Scheureck. Catalogus manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Electoralis. [manuscript]. Bibl.Arch.I.B, Vol.132. Dresden, Germany: Sächsische Landesbibliothek, 1755. p 59
- ↑ Corrected from »sinem«.
- ↑ Or I think its more likely that the word treten here is intended to convey kicking.
- ↑ This is a tricky word it could mean illegal breaks, unnatural breaks, or opposing breaks.
- ↑ I assume this means either armoured or armed.
- ↑ Corrected from »am«.
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Sächsische Landesbibliothek | ||
Translation | Keith Farrell | Academy of Historical Arts | |
Translation | Alex and Almirena | Master Sigmund Ringeck | |
Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487) |