Paulus Kal/Illustrations

Your spear extends very far.

Change through and set upon.

At the half spear, set aside the long spear.

Raise your spear over the shoulder and turn the horse to him, or set the spear behind the buttocks and meet him.

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Set aside on your right.

Strike on his spear to the right side and catch his lance under your right arm. Put your pommel at the beginning of his saddle with the point.

Put your sword on the left hand on your bridle, and as far away from you as you can. Setting it aside with the blade and plunge with the hilt his spear to the ground. Turn your pommel to the saddle bow, and set upon him with the point where you can.

The first guard.

Abensperg

The second guard.

Gebewolf

The third guard.

The fourth guard.

The outer sword taking.

The inner sword taking.

The sheep grip fights what's under the face.

Fall over whoever wants those who wrestle with you on the neck.

Set aside from the front of the head whoever will grab you.

If you set aside and lock the arm, turn around with your horse away from the man.

This is the sun pointer.

Embark against the man on horseback thus.

Embark to throw a man on horseback thus.

Short Sword

Draft Translation
Open for editing

Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]

Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]

Embark so to set aside a throw.

Setting aside the long spear with his hand and rotating it and setting it aside with the sword.

The bottom guard in the short sword.

The second guard in the short sword.

The third guard under the arm.

The fourth guard is good for throwing and murder strikes.

A murder strike to the elbow.

Seek his openings under the arms.

The free driving in the hand.

It reached behind the gauntlet.

A sword taking.

How he does if he loses his sword.

How to break him by jerking the leg and tearing of the neck.

The break to the tearing at the neck.

How to ward off the tearing at the neck by pushing against the elbow.

Put the leg to the side and raise him up with the knob inside his leg.

Defeat a beaten man with power.

Pass under his eyes near the knee, bend and tear with the pommel.

How to keep someone on his back on the ground.

How to hold someone on his nose on the ground.

Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.

Poleaxe

Draft Translation by Harrison Ridgeway	Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]	Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]	Botticino Version [edit]
The way you will confront someone with the axe.				400px
The first binding-on with the axe. Note now when you use the pollaxe to fence, learn high and low binding-on as with the staff.^[1]
The first attempt at the wrenching. Next you come to the first play. If he holds his hammer above him, then hold your thumb underneath by the left leg across the body. If he strikes from above, then parry with the lower part of the axe held above. Or let fly at him with a sweep and hook the axe inside the right knee to pull him down.
Another attempt at crippling and pulling. Next he wants to perform the above play on you and hook you. When he lays the hook on you, strike with your axe from inside against his axe, lay with it against his leg and pull upwards with it as mentioned.				400px
A parry and hook in return. Next if he counters the play above, then come in with the axe and wind in upwards...
Displace, wind up, and wrench him down by the neck. ...Wrench at his neck from above and set him back over your left leg on the right, or over the right leg to the left, and throw him. The play works from both sides.				400px
Wind through quickly and directly like this; bind on and cast your point forward, pulling the axe towards you.^[2] Next, he binds on to you and both hammers stand upright. If he makes a peasant strike at you, sense and act as if you will parry, but let his strike go through forward so you can hook him by the nape, or strike him freely to the head, the shoulder or the arm.				400px
And if he straightens the axe to pull your leading hand free, when he pulls, hang^[3] after and impale^[4] him, or wrench him down by the neck. Next if he strikes at the same time as you and wants to pull your leading hand free, then give way and take his (hand) from him. If he sets his axe on to you, then set yours also onto him,^[5] and lengthen your axe...				400px
The wrenching from the previous play. ...Then pull the left leg backward and place your axe on your right side, thus you have over-extended him.
Seek to pierce between the armour. Next, then lay the axe across the body with the hammer underneath and act as though you want to parry with the upper point, but seek to wrench^[6] him from below, if he then strikes wide,^[7] seek the opening inside the hand or under the armpit and set upon^[8] him. Next if you are performing the previous play and parry with the upper point,^[9] then guide all his strikes to the side, and the play goes like Hildebrand’s Cut^[10] in the long sword, however^[11] it works with the axe as well as with other weapons.
Blessed be Maria and Child, and all who are with them.

Questions for dueling

Draft Translation
by Jens P. Kleinau

Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]

Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]

Complete Translation
by Christian Henry Tobler

Advisor

Fighter

Listerner

Grid-warden

Longshield

Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]

Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]

Draft Translation
Cory Winslow

The stroke at the shield

Item, do thus with the long shield: learn to deliver the Oberhau and Unterhau and learn to bind well below and above, and in the techniques described hereafter you will learn the side wrenching.

How one should be behind the shield with the club

Item, do thus the first technique behind the shield if you have a sword or mace: if you have a sword strike whatever opening you see; or cast [the mace] and call your marshal to give you another mace.

Here one seeks the other behind the shield

Item, do this with the shield and with mace near to him and shoot with the point of the mace to his shield’s barb [?] so that he must expose himself; immediately strike or thrust.

The step between the shields whereby he can expose him and strike or thrust with the club

Item, do this nearer to him and step with a foot on a point of his shield so that he is completely exposed, then strike to lame the wrist.

Here it comes to the winding and wrenching with the shields

Item, if you have used all of your maces, and stand freely with the shield and he also stands freely with his shield, see if you can go under his shield by the point and wrench it toward you, then take it and quickly cast it from you and work with your shield.

From the winding comes the thrust to the heart

Item, if you have no mace and he has none then wind against him and note, as you thrust, the feeling; this is called ‘finding’ or ‘weak and strong’.

Here the previously described technique is completed

Item, if you have come from the mace and shield, then remember the "murder grips": with the bottom of the feet pressing to the shin and stepping on the knee, grasping the genitals, the wrestling at the hip, the thrust to the heart, the arm break, to the neck and the nose, to the eyes, under the ears, or the Sun Pointer.

Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.

Duel Between a Man and a Woman

Draft Translation Open for editing	Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]	Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]	Botticino Version [edit]
Thus is the man in the pit against the woman: he is buried to the waist and can walk around a little in it. One hand is tied to him by the elbow to the side, but he can move well. The woman should face him thus with a sleeve of her shirt that extends an Ell in front of the hand like a bag. In there she has a stone that weighs three pounds. She has nothing on except the shirt, which is tied between the legs with a cord.



Praise be to Mary and her child and all of those with them in Paradise.

Sword and Buckler

Draft Translation Cory Winslow	Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]	Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]	Botticino Version [edit]
In the first guard position yourself thus.
In the first binding-on position yourself thus.
The first technique. Catch his strike on your buckler, meanwhile strike low where you want.
If he does the previous technique to you, then parry him low thus.
If he strikes to your head, then search for the nearest touch to his breast .
If he parries you equally with the blade, then fall over his hand with your pommel and tear after his neck.
Position yourself thus when you want to take his buckler, and grip him inverted in his buckler and wind it from his hand.
The previously described technique.
Wind the buckler over the elbow and take his sword, or throw him.
Thus he is thrown from the previously described technique.						400px

Long Sword

Munich Version (ca. 1470) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Bologna Version (1460-1480) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version (ca. 1480s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Gotha Version (ca. 1473-1503) [edit]

Solothurn Version (ca. 1506-1514) [edit]

The first guard is called the Ox.

The second guard is called the Plow.

The third guard is called the Fool.

The fourth is called From the Roof.

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The Wrath-hew Point threatens him.

Take off above without danger.

Wind, stab.

If he sees it, take it down.

Double above.

Mutate below.