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| keyimage          = File:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
 
| keyimage          = File:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::JH]]
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::]]
+
| Wierschin's catalog= —
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::]]
+
| Hils' catalog      = —
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::]]
+
| Beck catalog      = —
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
| Date              = ca. [[year::1400s]]
+
| Date              = [[year::1460-85]]
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Middle French]]
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Middle French]]
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| Compiled by        =  
 
| Compiled by        =  
 
| Illuminated by    =  
 
| Illuminated by    =  
| Patron            = Philip II "the Bold" of Burgundy
+
| Patron            =  
 
| Dedicated to      =  
 
| Dedicated to      =  
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| Material          = Vellum, in an 18th century binding
 
| Material          = Vellum, in an 18th century binding
| Size              = 10 [[folia]] (245 mm x 166 mm)
+
| Size              = 10 [[folia]] (166 mm × 245 mm)
 
| Format            = Double-sided; space for miniatures <br/>and initials (never added)
 
| Format            = Double-sided; space for miniatures <br/>and initials (never added)
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
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| Previously kept    =  
 
| Previously kept    =  
 
| Discovered        =  
 
| Discovered        =  
 +
| Translations      = {{greek translation|https://byzantineoplomachia.wordpress.com/2021/01/23/le-jeu-de-la-hache-%cf%84%ce%bf-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%b9%cf%87%ce%bd%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%cf%84%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%8d-%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%8c-%ce%b3%ce%b1%ce%bb/|1}}
 
| Website            = [http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ead.html?id{{=}}FRBNFEAD000048534 Library catalog entry]
 
| Website            = [http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ead.html?id{{=}}FRBNFEAD000048534 Library catalog entry]
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
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}}
 
}}
 
{{foreign character|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Francais 1996)|ç}}
 
{{foreign character|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Francais 1996)|ç}}
'''''Le Jeu de la Hache''''' ("[[title::The Play of the Axe]]", MS Français 1996), is a [[nationality::French]] [[fencing manual]] written in ca. 1400 by an anonymous Milanese [[fencing master]] in service to Philip II "the Bold", duke of Burgundy.<ref name="Mondschein">Mondschein, Ken. ''The Knightly Art of Battle''. Los Angeles: [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], 2011. p15.</ref> It currently rests in the holdings of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations may have been intended.
+
'''''Le Jeu de la Hache''''' ("[[title::The Play of the Axe]]", MS Français 1996), is a [[nationality::French]] [[fencing manual]] written between 1460 and 1485.<ref name="Dupuis-Deluz">Dupuis & Delus, p 25-26.</ref> It currently rests in the holdings of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations were probably intended.
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
  
The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:<ref name="Mondschein"/><ref>[[Sydney Anglo]]. ''[http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/NotesLEJEUDELAHACHE.htm Le Jeu de la Hache: A 15th century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat]''. [[The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts]], 1991. Retrieved 6 March 2012.</ref>  
+
The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:<ref>[[Sydney Anglo]]. ''[http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/NotesLEJEUDELAHACHE.htm Le Jeu de la Hache: A 15th century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat]''. [[The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts]]. Retrieved 6 March 2012.</ref>  
  
* Written in the late 14th or early 15th century by an anonymous Milanese fencing master.
 
 
* 1544 – transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
 
* 1544 – transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
 
* 1622 – listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
 
* 1622 – listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
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   | width = 60em
 
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[{{InnerRef|1|prefix=p}}] Considering and seeing by experience that all human beings, noble and non noble, naturally fly from death and desire to live long in this mortal world; and afterwards to live forever in the Kingdom of Paradise. To achieve and obtain the natural desires above-said, it seems to me that every human and rational creature must keep himself in a good estate, and arm himself first with good spiritual armor, that is to say with the beautiful virtues to defend himself and to resist all vices and diabolic temptations; preserving and guarding the soul from eternal death. And for this to be done, one must arm the body with good corporeal and material armour, and provide oneself with suitable weapons, like the axe, light lance, dagger, great sword and small sword, to defend oneself and resist one's corporeal and mortal enemies. And for this, let every man, noble of body and courage, naturally desire to exercise and make himself dexterous in virtuous and honourable occupation, and principally in the noble feat of arms, that is to say in Axe-play, from which proceed and depend several weapons above-named. Moreover, the said Axe-play is honorable and profitable for the preservation of a body noble or non noble. For the above-said reasons, I have employed my slight understanding to set forth in writing some doctrines and instructions touching the said Axe-play in the manner which follows.</p>
+
| <p>[1] Considering and seeing by experience that all human beings, noble and non noble, naturally fly from death and desire to live long in this mortal world; and afterwards to live forever in the Kingdom of Paradise. To achieve and obtain the natural desires above-said, it seems to me that every human and rational creature must keep himself in a good estate, and arm himself first with good spiritual armor, that is to say with the beautiful virtues to defend himself and to resist all vices and diabolic temptations; preserving and guarding the soul from eternal death. And for this to be done, one must arm the body with good corporeal and material armour, and provide oneself with suitable weapons, like the axe, light lance, dagger, great sword and small sword, to defend oneself and resist one's corporeal and mortal enemies. And for this, let every man, noble of body and courage, naturally desire to exercise and make himself dexterous in virtuous and honourable occupation, and principally in the noble feat of arms, that is to say in Axe-play, from which proceed and depend several weapons above-named. Moreover, the said Axe-play is honorable and profitable for the preservation of a body noble or non noble. For the above-said reasons, I have employed my slight understanding to set forth in writing some doctrines and instructions touching the said Axe-play in the manner which follows.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|1|lbl=02v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|1|lbl=02v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[3] On leaving your pavilion, you must be well armed and furnished with your axe and other relevant weapons. Recommending yourself to God, you must make the sign of the cross and march upright, with a good and valorous countenance, gazing at the other end of the field to seek out your adversary. And gazing upon him you must take in a measured manner a proud courage in youself to fight valiantly as is becoming. And have in remembrance the principal points contained in the chapters which hereafter follow.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[3] On leaving your pavilion, you must be well armed and furnished with your axe and other relevant weapons. Recommending yourself to God, you must make the sign of the cross and march upright, with a good and valorous countenance, gazing at the other end of the field to seek out your adversary. And gazing upon him you must take in a measured manner a proud courage in youself to fight valiantly as is becoming. And have in remembrance the principal points contained in the chapters which hereafter follow.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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   | width = 60em
 
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[73] You must frequently attack him with jabs at the face and at the feet to make him loose his composure.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[73] You must frequently attack him with jabs at the face and at the feet to make him loose his composure.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
 +
{{collation}}
 
{{-}}
 
{{-}}
 
{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
 
{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Sydney Anglo|Anglo, Sydney]]. "''Le Jeu de la Hache'': A 15th-Century Treatise". ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
+
{{bibliography}}
* [[Olivier Dupuis|Dupuis, Olivier]], Vincent Deluz. "Le Jeu de la Hache: A Critical edition and dating discussion". ''[[Acta Periodica Duellatorum]]'' '''5'''(1): 3-62. 2017. {{doi|10.1515/apd-2017-0001}}.
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
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| authors    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 
| authors    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 
| source link = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p
 
| source link = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p
| source title= Bibliothèque nationale de France
+
| source title= Gallica
| license    = permission
+
| license    = public domain
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation
 
| work        = Translation
| authors    = Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]
+
| authors    = Dr. [[translator::Sydney Anglo]]
 
| source link = http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm
 
| source link = http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm
 
| source title= Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
 
| source title= Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
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[[Category:French]]
 
[[Category:French]]
 +
 +
[[Category:Copy/Pasting]]
  
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 22:32, 2 March 2024

Le Jeu de la Hache
MS Français 1996,
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Paris, France

MS Francais 1996 1v.jpg
MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
HagedornJHLeng
WierschinHils
Type Fencing manual
Date 1460-85
Language(s) Middle French
Author(s) Unknown
Material Vellum, in an 18th century binding
Size 10 folia (166 mm × 245 mm)
Format Double-sided; space for miniatures
and initials (never added)
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans
Other translations Ελληνική μετάφραση

Le Jeu de la Hache ("The Play of the Axe", MS Français 1996), is a French fencing manual written between 1460 and 1485.[1] It currently rests in the holdings of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations were probably intended.

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:[2]

  • 1544 – transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
  • 1622 – listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
  • 1645 – listed in the Dupuy catalog of the museum as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes pour soi habilitier en armes"
  • Later passed from the Bibliothèque du Roi to the Bibliothèque nationale de France

Contents

Three blank parchment leaves
1rv
2r - 10v
Three blank parchment leaves

Gallery


Front Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 2.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 Ir.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 Iv.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIr.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIv.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIIr.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIIv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS Francais 1996 1r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS Francais 1996 1v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS Francais 1996 10v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 11r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 11v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 12r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 12v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 13r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 13v.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 3.jpg
Back Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 4.jpg

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica
Public Domain.png
Translation Dr. Sydney Anglo Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
Copyrighted.png
Transcription Index:Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)
CCBYNCSA30.png