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| width              =  
 
| width              =  
 
| caption            =  
 
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| keyimage          = File:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::JH]]
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::]]
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| Wierschin's catalog= —
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::]]
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| Hils' catalog      = —
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::]]
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| Beck catalog      = —
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
| Date              = ca. [[year::1400s]]
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| Date              = [[year::1460-85]]
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Middle French]]
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Middle French]]
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| Compiled by        =  
 
| Compiled by        =  
 
| Illuminated by    =  
 
| Illuminated by    =  
| Patron            = Philip II "the Bold" of Burgundy
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| Patron            =  
 
| Dedicated to      =  
 
| Dedicated to      =  
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
| Material          = Vellum, in an 18th century <br/>binding
+
| Material          = Vellum, in an 18th century binding
| Size              = 10 [[folia]]
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| Size              = 10 [[folia]] (166 mm × 245 mm)
| Format            = Double-sided, with red and <br/>black ink
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| Format            = Double-sided; space for miniatures <br/>and initials (never added)
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
| Script            = [[script::Bastarda]]
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| Script            =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
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| Previously kept    =  
 
| Previously kept    =  
 
| Discovered        =  
 
| Discovered        =  
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| Translations      = {{greek translation|https://byzantineoplomachia.wordpress.com/2021/01/23/le-jeu-de-la-hache-%cf%84%ce%bf-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%b9%cf%87%ce%bd%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%cf%84%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%8d-%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%8c-%ce%b3%ce%b1%ce%bb/|1}}
 
| Website            = [http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ead.html?id{{=}}FRBNFEAD000048534 Library catalog entry]
 
| Website            = [http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ead.html?id{{=}}FRBNFEAD000048534 Library catalog entry]
| Images            = {{plainlist | [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p Digital scans] (2000x3000) | [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9059567c Microfilm scans] }}
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| Images            = {{plainlist
 +
| [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p Digital scans] (2000x3000)
 +
| [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9059567c Microfilm scans]
 +
}}
 
| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''''Le Jeu de la Hache''''' ("[[title::The Play of the Axe]]", MS Français 1996), is a [[nationality::French]] [[fencing manual]] written in ca. 1400 by an anonymous Milanese [[fencing master]] in service to Philip II "the Bold", duke of Burgundy.<ref name="Mondschein">Mondschein, Ken. ''The Knightly Art of Battle''. Los Angeles: [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], 2011. p15.</ref> It currently rests in the holdings of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations may have been intended.
+
{{foreign character|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Francais 1996)|ç}}
 +
'''''Le Jeu de la Hache''''' ("[[title::The Play of the Axe]]", MS Français 1996), is a [[nationality::French]] [[fencing manual]] written between 1460 and 1485.<ref name="Dupuis-Deluz">Dupuis & Delus, p 25-26.</ref> It currently rests in the holdings of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations were probably intended.
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
  
The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:<ref name="Mondschein"/><ref>[[Sydney Anglo]]. ''[http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/NotesLEJEUDELAHACHE.htm Le Jeu de la Hache: A 15th century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat]''. [[The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts]], 1991. Retrieved 6 March 2012.</ref>  
+
The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:<ref>[[Sydney Anglo]]. ''[http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/NotesLEJEUDELAHACHE.htm Le Jeu de la Hache: A 15th century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat]''. [[The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts]]. Retrieved 6 March 2012.</ref>  
  
* Written in the late 13th or early 14th century by an anonymous Milanese fencing master.
+
* 1544 transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
* 1544 - transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
+
* 1622 listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
* 1622 - listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
+
* 1645 listed in the Dupuy catalog of the museum as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes pour soi habilitier en armes"
* 1645 - listed in the Dupuy catalog of the museum as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes pour soi habilitier en armes"
 
 
* Later passed from the Bibliothèque du Roi to the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 
* Later passed from the Bibliothèque du Roi to the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
  
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| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Prologue
 
   | title = Prologue
   | width = 56em
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   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)}}<br/>by [[Escrime Ancienne]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)}}</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| '''Here follows the prologue of Axe-play to make oneself dexterous and to exert oneself in arms.'''
+
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here follows the prologue of Axe-play to make oneself dexterous and to exert oneself in arms.}}</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Sensuit le prologue du Jeu de la hache pour soy habiliter et esuertuer en armes.</span>'''
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| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|1|lbl=02r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [1] Considering and seeing by experience that all human beings, noble and non noble, naturally fly from death and desire to live long in this mortal world; and afterwards to live forever in the Kingdom of Paradise. To achieve and obtain the natural desires above-said, it seems to me that every human and rational creature must keep himself in a good estate, and arm himself first with good spiritual armor, that is to say with the beautiful virtues to defend himself and to resist all vices and diabolic temptations; preserving and guarding the soul from eternal death. And for this to be done, one must arm the body with good corporeal and material armour, and provide oneself with suitable weapons, like the axe, light lance, dagger, great sword and small sword, to defend oneself and resist one's corporeal and mortal enemies. And for this, let every man, noble of body and courage, naturally desire to exercise and make himself dexterous in virtuous and honourable occupation, and principally in the noble feat of arms, that is to say in Axe-play, from which proceed and depend several weapons above-named. Moreover, the said Axe-play is honorable and profitable for the preservation of a body noble or non noble. For the above-said reasons, I have employed my slight understanding to set forth in writing some doctrines and instructions touching the said Axe-play in the manner which follows.
+
| <p>[1] Considering and seeing by experience that all human beings, noble and non noble, naturally fly from death and desire to live long in this mortal world; and afterwards to live forever in the Kingdom of Paradise. To achieve and obtain the natural desires above-said, it seems to me that every human and rational creature must keep himself in a good estate, and arm himself first with good spiritual armor, that is to say with the beautiful virtues to defend himself and to resist all vices and diabolic temptations; preserving and guarding the soul from eternal death. And for this to be done, one must arm the body with good corporeal and material armour, and provide oneself with suitable weapons, like the axe, light lance, dagger, great sword and small sword, to defend oneself and resist one's corporeal and mortal enemies. And for this, let every man, noble of body and courage, naturally desire to exercise and make himself dexterous in virtuous and honourable occupation, and principally in the noble feat of arms, that is to say in Axe-play, from which proceed and depend several weapons above-named. Moreover, the said Axe-play is honorable and profitable for the preservation of a body noble or non noble. For the above-said reasons, I have employed my slight understanding to set forth in writing some doctrines and instructions touching the said Axe-play in the manner which follows.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">1.</span>''' Considerant et voyant par experience que naturelment tous corps humains nobles et non nobles fuyent la mort et desirent viure longuement en ce mortel monde. Et apres au Royalme de paradis viure pardurablement. Pour paruenir et obtenir les desirs naturelz dessusdicts il me samble que toute creature humaine et raisonnable se deuroit tenir en bon estat et soy armer premierement de bonnes armures spirituelles cest assauoir de belles vertus pour soy deffendre et resister contre tous vices et temptations dyaboliques. en preseruant et gardant lame de mourir de mort eternelle. Et cela estre fait on doit armer le corps de bonnes armures corporelles et matierielles et soy pourueoir de glaiues conuenables. comme la hache, la demy lance, la dague, la grande espee et la petite pour soy deffendre et resister contre ses ennemis corporelz et mortelz. Et pour ce que tout homme noble de corps et de courage naturelment desire dexcerciter et habilliter sa personne en occuppacion vertueuse et honnourable. Et principalment ou noble fait darmes cest assavoir au Jeu de la hache dont procedent et despendent plusieurs glaiues dessus nommez. Daultre part ledict Jeu est honnourable et proffitable pour la preseruation du corps humain noble ou non noble. Pour les raisons dessusdictes jay employe mon petit entendement a mettre par escript aucunes doctrines et enseignemens touchant ledict Jeu de hache en la maniere que sensuit.
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|1|lbl=02v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [2] And first, you who as one of the two champions are called on the field of battle, whether to the death or otherwise, whether you may be appellant or defendant, above all you must feel in your conscience that you have good and just quarrel.
+
| <p>[2] And first, you who as one of the two champions are called on the field of battle, whether to the death or otherwise, whether you may be appellant or defendant, above all you must feel in your conscience that you have good and just quarrel.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">2.</span>''' Et premierement vous qui estes lung des ij champions appelle en champ de battaille soit a oultrance ou aultrement soyes attendant ou deffendant sur tout deuez sentir en vostre conscience auoir bonne et iuste querelle.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [3] On leaving your pavilion, you must be well armed and furnished with your axe and other relevant weapons. Recommending yourself to God, you must make the sign of the cross and march upright, with a good and valorous countenance, gazing at the other end of the field to seek out your adversary. And gazing upon him you must take in a measured manner a proud courage in youself to fight valiantly as is becoming. And have in remembrance the principal points contained in the chapters which hereafter follow.
+
| class="noline" | <p>[3] On leaving your pavilion, you must be well armed and furnished with your axe and other relevant weapons. Recommending yourself to God, you must make the sign of the cross and march upright, with a good and valorous countenance, gazing at the other end of the field to seek out your adversary. And gazing upon him you must take in a measured manner a proud courage in youself to fight valiantly as is becoming. And have in remembrance the principal points contained in the chapters which hereafter follow.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">3.</span>''' Item au partir de vostre pauillon deuez estre bien arme et embatonne de vostre hache darmes et daultres glaiues appertenans. En vous recommandant a dieu deuez faire le signe de la croix et marchier droit dune belle contenance et valereuse. en regardant vers lautre bout du parcq pour veoir vostre adverssaire. Et en le regardant deuez prendre amodereement ung fier courage en vous pour battaillier vaillamment comme il appertient. Et auoir souuenance des principaulx poins contenus es chappittres qui cy apres sensuiuent.
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Anonymous plays of [[poleaxe]]
 
   | title = Anonymous plays of [[poleaxe]]
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Escrime Ancienne]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)}}</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| '''Here begins the science and practice of the noble Axe-play and the manner of fighting.'''
+
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the science and practice of the noble Axe-play and the manner of fighting.}}</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Cy commence la doctrine et lindustrye du noble Jeu de la hache et la maniere de battaillier.</span>'''
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| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|1|lbl=03r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [4] When one would give you a swinging blow, right-hander to right-hander. If you have the ''croix'' in front, you can step forward with your left foot, receiving his blow, picking it up with the ''queue'' of your axe and - in a single movement - bear downward to make his axe fall to the ground. And from there, following up one foot after the other, you can give him a jab with the said ''queue'', running it through the left hand, at the face: either there or wherever seems good to you. Or swing at his head.
+
| <p>[4] When one would give you a swinging blow, right-hander to right-hander. If you have the ''croix'' in front, you can step forward with your left foot, receiving his blow, picking it up with the ''queue'' of your axe and - in a single movement - bear downward to make his axe fall to the ground. And from there, following up one foot after the other, you can give him a jab with the said ''queue'', running it through the left hand, at the face: either there or wherever seems good to you. Or swing at his head.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">4.</span>''' Item quant on vous donra de tour de bras droittier a droittier. se vous auez la croix au deuant vous pouez marchier auant du pie gauche en luy receuant son coup en cueillant de la queue de la hache dune venue ferez contre bas pour la luy faire cheoir a terre. Et de la pouez en marchant lung pie apres lautre en suyuant luy baillier destocq de ladicte queue en coulant par la main gauche au visage. ou la ou bon vous samblera. ou luy baillier a tour de bras sur la teste.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [5] If you have the ''queue'' forward, you can do it the same way without moving.
+
| <p>[5] If you have the ''queue'' forward, you can do it the same way without moving.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">5.</span>''' Item se vous auez la queue deuant le pouez pareillement faire sans vous bougier.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [6] Again, if you have the ''croix'' in front, as above. You can receive the said blow with your ''queue'' by stepping backward. From all three ''couvertes'', you can give the said swinging blows and the jab with the ''queue''.
+
| <p>[6] Again, if you have the ''croix'' in front, as above. You can receive the said blow with your ''queue'' by stepping backward. From all three ''couvertes'', you can give the said swinging blows and the jab with the ''queue''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">6.</span>''' Item encore se vous auez la croix deuant comme dessus pouez receuoir ledict coup de la queue de la vostre en desmarchant en arriere. de toutes les trois couuertes pouez donner lesdicts coups de tours de bras et de lestocq de la queue.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [7] Another ''couverte'' for the swing, if you have the ''queue'' forward, without your moving or stepping back. Thrust the ''croix'' of your axe in front of his axe, to engage it crossways, so that he can only hold up the stroke which does not fall on you. And immediately the crossing has been effected, disengage your axe, jabbing at him with the queue from low to high, sweeping between his hand and his ''croix'' to make it drop from his hand. And if you should fail, you may quickly return on your guard. And if you have made it jump out of his hand, you can do whatever seems good to you with a swing or something else.
+
| <p>[7] Another ''couverte'' for the swing, if you have the ''queue'' forward, without your moving or stepping back. Thrust the ''croix'' of your axe in front of his axe, to engage it crossways, so that he can only hold up the stroke which does not fall on you. And immediately the crossing has been effected, disengage your axe, jabbing at him with the queue from low to high, sweeping between his hand and his ''croix'' to make it drop from his hand. And if you should fail, you may quickly return on your guard. And if you have made it jump out of his hand, you can do whatever seems good to you with a swing or something else.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">7.</span>''' Item vne aultre couuerte de tour de bras, se vous auez la queue deuant sans vous bougier ne desmarchier. Ruez au deuant de sa hache de la croix de la vostre pour la trouuer en croisee seullement quil puisse soustenir le coup quil ne dessende sur vous. Et Incontinent la croisee faite destornez vostre hache en luy ruant de la queue de bas en hault en fauchant entre sa main et la croix de la sienne grant coup pour la luy faire cheoir hors de sa main. Et se faillies que soyes prestement retourne en vostre garde. Et se vous la luy auez fait saillir de la main vous pouez faire ce que bon vous samblera de tour de bras ou aultrement.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [8] If you give the first swinging blow, and he covers himself in the fashion above-said. You can do the same with the queue like his swing above-said.
+
| <p>[8] If you give the first swinging blow, and he covers himself in the fashion above-said. You can do the same with the queue like his swing above-said.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">8.</span>''' Item se vous luy rues le premier de tour de bras et quil se queure de la fasson dessusdicte vous pouez faire pareillement de la queue comme du sien dessusdict.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|1|lbl=03v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [9] If again he comes at you with a swing, and you have the ''queue'' forward. You must move to receive the blow to the right side of your opponent, and from there receive his blow ''demy hache''. And at the same time, as close as you can, you must advance your left foot and place it behind his heel really firmly, as you raise his axe which is above yours. And place your ''queue'' under his chin, and thus give him a jolt backwards to knock him to the ground.
+
| <p>[9] If again he comes at you with a swing, and you have the ''queue'' forward. You must move to receive the blow to the right side of your opponent, and from there receive his blow ''demy hache''. And at the same time, as close as you can, you must advance your left foot and place it behind his heel really firmly, as you raise his axe which is above yours. And place your ''queue'' under his chin, and thus give him a jolt backwards to knock him to the ground.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">9.</span>''' Item se de rechief venoit a vous du tour de bras et que ayes la queue deuant deuez marchier a lencontre du coup le coste droit de vostre homme et de la receuoir de demye hache son coup. et tout d'une venue le plus pres que pourrez deuez marchier de lautre pie gauche et lassoir darriere son tallon bien ferme en luy sourdant sa hache qui est dessus la vostre. et mettre la queue de la vostre soubz son menton et de la donner une secousse en darriere pour le ruer par terre.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [10] If you fail. You must return on guard. And this should be down quickly.
+
| <p>[10] If you fail. You must return on guard. And this should be down quickly.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">10.</span>''' Item se vous faillies vous deuez retourner sur vostre garde. et cela se doit faire prestement.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [11] If he were to use this above-said opening on you. You must quickly place the ''dague'' of your axe under his armpit to push him away from you; or pass the cross-bar of your axe under his arm to push him under the armpit with the ''demy hache'', following it up to thrust him out of the lists. Or give him a hard blow with all your strength, simply to see whether you can hurl him on the ground.
+
| <p>[11] If he were to use this above-said opening on you. You must quickly place the ''dague'' of your axe under his armpit to push him away from you; or pass the cross-bar of your axe under his arm to push him under the armpit with the ''demy hache'', following it up to thrust him out of the lists. Or give him a hard blow with all your strength, simply to see whether you can hurl him on the ground.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">11.</span>''' Item sil vous faisoit ceste entree dessusdicte. vous deuez mettre prestement la dague de vostre hache soubz son esselle pour lesloignier de vous ou repasser la croisee de vostredicte hache par soubz son bras pour le pousser de dessoubz lesselle de la demy hache en le suyuant pour le mettre hors de la lisse. ou donner bonne secousse de la force de vos bras seullement pour sentir se le pourrez getter par terre.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [12] Another ''couverte'' for swinging blows when you are on guard with the ''queue''. Without moving, you can take it on your ''demy hache'' as high as your arms can be extended. And the moment the blow has been received, you can pick up his ''queue'' with yours in such a way that he would wish to raise it. And all in one movement push it suddenly forward. And if it does not fly out of his hand, at least you make him stagger so much that you will have time to give him a blow or thrust.
+
| <p>[12] Another ''couverte'' for swinging blows when you are on guard with the ''queue''. Without moving, you can take it on your ''demy hache'' as high as your arms can be extended. And the moment the blow has been received, you can pick up his ''queue'' with yours in such a way that he would wish to raise it. And all in one movement push it suddenly forward. And if it does not fly out of his hand, at least you make him stagger so much that you will have time to give him a blow or thrust.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">12.</span>''' Item aultre couuerte de tours de bras, vous estant sur la garde de la queue sans vous bougier pouez receuoir demy hache tant que vos bras se pouuront estendre en hault. Et incontinent le coup receu pouez de la queue de la vostre cueillir la sienne, ainsi quil la vouldra leuer. et tout dune venue la ruer en auant. Et se elle ne vole hors de sa main au mains vous lesbranleuez tellement que aurez temps pour donner coup ou estocq.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [13] If he comes with the ''croix'' forward to thrust at you. You must turn his ''queue'' with your ''queue'' as often as you can. And if you can turn it aside sufficiently to see a gap open up between him and his axe, you can give him a hard jab in the face with the ''queue''. And this blow is good and sure to pursue, because it cannot do you any harm. And you must approach him with your left arm to his right. And if you see that it would be good for you, and that you have the leisure, you can let the ''queue'' of your axe run up under his chin, while you have your foot behind his heel. And from there try to turn him over.
+
| <p>[13] If he comes with the ''croix'' forward to thrust at you. You must turn his ''queue'' with your ''queue'' as often as you can. And if you can turn it aside sufficiently to see a gap open up between him and his axe, you can give him a hard jab in the face with the ''queue''. And this blow is good and sure to pursue, because it cannot do you any harm. And you must approach him with your left arm to his right. And if you see that it would be good for you, and that you have the leisure, you can let the ''queue'' of your axe run up under his chin, while you have your foot behind his heel. And from there try to turn him over.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">13.</span>''' Item se il vient la croix deuant pour vous estocquer. de la queue de la vostre luy deuez destourner la sienne le plus souuuent que pourrez. Et se la pouez tellement destourner que le puissez veoir descouuert entre luy et sa hache pouez ruer lestocq de la queue au visage. Et ce coup est bon et seur a poursuiuir car il ne vous en puet mesaduenir, et vous deuez approchier de luy joindre vostre bras gauche au sien droit. Et se vous voyes que bon vous soit et que en ayes le loisir pouez laisser couler la queue de la vostredicte hache soubz son menton ayant vostre pie darriere son talon. et de la essayer a le renuersser.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg|1|lbl=04r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [14] He could counter this opening by turning the cross-bar of his axe under the ''queue'' of yours, and with the said cross-bar push your ''queue'' away from him. And while carrying out this counter, he could follow you, one foot after the other, to get between you and your ''queue'' in order to jab you in the face.
+
| <p>[14] He could counter this opening by turning the cross-bar of his axe under the ''queue'' of yours, and with the said cross-bar push your ''queue'' away from him. And while carrying out this counter, he could follow you, one foot after the other, to get between you and your ''queue'' in order to jab you in the face.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">14.</span>''' Item Il puet deffaire ceste entree en destournant sa croisee de sa hache par soubz la queue de la vostre. et de sa ditte croisee deboutter en auant de soy vostredicte queue. Et en faisant cestedicte deffaite vous puet suyure lung pie chassant lautre pour entrer vous et vostredicte queue affin de vous estocquer au visage.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [15] If he carries out the said follow-up. You have only to retreat one pace, and also pull your axe back toward you, running it through the left hand. And doing this you find yourself free, and furthermore you will be on guard with your ''queue''.
+
| <p>[15] If he carries out the said follow-up. You have only to retreat one pace, and also pull your axe back toward you, running it through the left hand. And doing this you find yourself free, and furthermore you will be on guard with your ''queue''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">15.</span>''' Item sil vous fait ladicte poursuite nauez que a vous retraire lung pie apres lautre ung pas en arriere et retirer aussy en coulant par la main gauche vostre hache a vous. Et en ce faisant vous vous trouuens despechie et dauantage serez sur la garde de vostredicte queue.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [16] If your axes are joined one ''croix'' against the other, and he pushes you to make you recoil. You can merely take half a pace back with your front foot, to draw your axe back to you. And immediately place the ''dague'' of your axe between his ''bec de faucon'' and his hand, as close as you can to the ''croix'' from the side toward his right arm, forcing his axe from the other side while following up; you can advance your left foot toward his back, pushing with your ''demy hache'' against his shoulders, and knock him to the ground.
+
| <p>[16] If your axes are joined one ''croix'' against the other, and he pushes you to make you recoil. You can merely take half a pace back with your front foot, to draw your axe back to you. And immediately place the ''dague'' of your axe between his ''bec de faucon'' and his hand, as close as you can to the ''croix'' from the side toward his right arm, forcing his axe from the other side while following up; you can advance your left foot toward his back, pushing with your ''demy hache'' against his shoulders, and knock him to the ground.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">16.</span>''' Item se vos haches sont iointes lune croix contre lautre et que il vous boutte pour vous reculler pouez desmarchier seullement du pie deuant a demy pour retirer vostre hache a vous. Et incontinent mettre la dague de la vostre entre son becq de faulcon et sa main le plus pres de la croix que pourrez du coste deuers son bras droit en luy bouttant sa hache daultre coste en suyuant pouez marchier du pie gauche vers son darriere en le bouttant de demy hache contre ses espaulles et le ruer par terre.
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|1|lbl=04v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [17] Moreover, if he comes at you with the dague of his axe forward to give you a thrust; and you have your axe in the same manner as his. When you see him come at you, you can step behind him as far as you can, so that he finds nothing in front of him. As you take this step back, you must press hard with the flat of your ''queue'' onto his neck to make him trip forward. And if you fail, return immediately on guard.
+
| <p>[17] Moreover, if he comes at you with the dague of his axe forward to give you a thrust; and you have your axe in the same manner as his. When you see him come at you, you can step behind him as far as you can, so that he finds nothing in front of him. As you take this step back, you must press hard with the flat of your ''queue'' onto his neck to make him trip forward. And if you fail, return immediately on guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">17.</span>''' Item plus se il vient a vous la dague de sa hache deuant pour vous baillier de lestocq et que vous ayes vostre hache pareillement auec la sienne, quant le verrez venir a vous pouez marchier sur son darriere le plus que pourres affin quil ne treuue rien deuant luy. en faisant ceste desmarche deuez boutter du plat de la queue de vostre hache sur son col pour le faire tresbuchier en auant. Et se faillies tournez prestement sur la garde de vostre hache.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [18] If he should wish to give you a glancing blow with the ''dague'' of his axe at your face. You must rigorously divert the blow to see if you can make his axe fall.
+
| <p>[18] If he should wish to give you a glancing blow with the ''dague'' of his axe at your face. You must rigorously divert the blow to see if you can make his axe fall.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">18.</span>''' Item se il vous vouloit donner de la dague de sa hache au visage en coulant deuez de la queue de la vostre destourner le coup rudement pour essayer se la pourrez faire cheoir.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [19] If he is an expert axe-fighter, and he advances with the ''queue'' of his axe forward. You must try whether, with a back-handed blow of your ''dague'', you can make him lose the grip of one hand on his axe. And if you can do this you can unleash on him whatever blows seem good to you.
+
| <p>[19] If he is an expert axe-fighter, and he advances with the ''queue'' of his axe forward. You must try whether, with a back-handed blow of your ''dague'', you can make him lose the grip of one hand on his axe. And if you can do this you can unleash on him whatever blows seem good to you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">19.</span>''' Item se il est joueur de la hache et qu'il viengne la queue de sa hache deuant deuez essayer se de la dague de la vostre luy pourries de coup darriere main faire perdre la sienne dune main. Et se le pouez faire vous pouez deschergier sur luy telz coups que vous samblera.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [20] If you fail. You must try to give a jab with the ''queue'' in his face to make him raise the ''queue'' of his axe. And if you can get it crossed against yours, you can draw back your ''queue'', hitting against the side of his with your mail, or stepping behind him and hitting at his head.
+
| <p>[20] If you fail. You must try to give a jab with the ''queue'' in his face to make him raise the ''queue'' of his axe. And if you can get it crossed against yours, you can draw back your ''queue'', hitting against the side of his with your mail, or stepping behind him and hitting at his head.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">20.</span>''' Item se vous faillies vous deuez essayer a luy donner de lestocq de la queue au visage pour luy faire hausser la queue de la sienne. Et se vous la pouez trouuer croisee contre la vostre vous pouez retirer la queue de la vostre en luy baillant du mail contre le coste la sienne. ou en marchant en darriere luy en baillier sur la teste.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [21] If he would do it to you. You must lower the ''queue'' of your axe while stepping back with your left foot, covering yourself with the ''demy hache'' or mail. And then return to the guard of whichever end seems good to you.
+
| <p>[21] If he would do it to you. You must lower the ''queue'' of your axe while stepping back with your left foot, covering yourself with the ''demy hache'' or mail. And then return to the guard of whichever end seems good to you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">21.</span>''' Item se il vous vouloit faire deuez baisser la queue de la vostre en desmarchant en arriere du pie gauche en vous couurant demy hache ou du mail. et puis tourner sur la garde du quel bout que bon vous samblera.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [22] Whichever guard you are on, you can try to hit him on the head. Not so that, if you should miss, your axe passes beyond him: because that would be dangerous. And immediately this blow has been accomplished, you must make a feint of having another go at his head, so that he covers himself high. Whereupon you can give him one on the knee with the ''bec de faucon''. And if your ''bec de faucon'' passes behind the plate of his knee, you must pull him toward you, to drag him to the ground. And if he steps back, so that you find nothing, take care that your axe does not pass in front of your man. And similarly with all your swinging blows. And quickly return on your guard.
+
| <p>[22] Whichever guard you are on, you can try to hit him on the head. Not so that, if you should miss, your axe passes beyond him: because that would be dangerous. And immediately this blow has been accomplished, you must make a feint of having another go at his head, so that he covers himself high. Whereupon you can give him one on the knee with the ''bec de faucon''. And if your ''bec de faucon'' passes behind the plate of his knee, you must pull him toward you, to drag him to the ground. And if he steps back, so that you find nothing, take care that your axe does not pass in front of your man. And similarly with all your swinging blows. And quickly return on your guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">22.</span>''' Item en quelque garde que ce soit vous pouez essayer a luy donner sur la teste. non pas que se vous faillies que vostre hache passast oultre. car il y auroit peril. Et incontinent ce coup fait deuez faire samblant de retourner sur la teste affin quil se queuure hault, et a dont luy pouez donner sur le genoul du becq de faulcon. Et se vostre becq de faulcon passe lescreuisse de son genoil deuez tirer a vous pour le ruer par terre. Et se il desmarche que vous ne trouuez rien gardez que vostre hache ne passe plus avant que vostre homme, et pareillement en tous vos coups de tour de bras et prestement tournez en vostre garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg|1|lbl=05r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [23] If one tries the knee stroke. You must step forward to the right side toward your man, placing the ''queue'' of your axe between his axe and your knee. And with your said ''queue'' you must try to tear it from his hands, giving him a good back-hander against the cross-bar of his axe. And if you cannot: from there approach him, following up one foot after the other. And give him a jab in the face with your ''dague''.
+
| <p>[23] If one tries the knee stroke. You must step forward to the right side toward your man, placing the ''queue'' of your axe between his axe and your knee. And with your said ''queue'' you must try to tear it from his hands, giving him a good back-hander against the cross-bar of his axe. And if you cannot: from there approach him, following up one foot after the other. And give him a jab in the face with your ''dague''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">23.</span>''' Item et se on faisoit ledict coup de genoul deuez marchier en auant le coste droit vers vostre homme en luy mettant la queue de vostre hache entre sa hache et vostre genoul, et de la vostredicte queue deuez essayer a luy errachier de ses mains en donnant darriere main bonne secousse contre la croisee de la sienne. Et se ne pouez de la approchies de luy en suyuant lung pie apres lautre, et luy donnez de lestocq de la dague de la vostre au visage.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [24] If he holds his axe with the ''queue'' forward. Give him a hard back-handed blow with the ''queue'' of your axe against his, to make it jump out of his hand. And if you cannot do it with the blow, stepping forward between him and his axe, you can hit him with a jab of the ''dague'' to the face.
+
| <p>[24] If he holds his axe with the ''queue'' forward. Give him a hard back-handed blow with the ''queue'' of your axe against his, to make it jump out of his hand. And if you cannot do it with the blow, stepping forward between him and his axe, you can hit him with a jab of the ''dague'' to the face.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">24.</span>''' Item se il tient sa hache la queue deuant, frapper grant coup de la queue de la vostre arriere main contre la sienne pour la faire saillir hors de la main. Et se ne pouez auecques le coup marchant en auant entre luy et sa hache le pouez frapper de lestocq de la dague au visage.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [25] If he were to do it to you. You must lower the ''queue'' of your axe close to your feet and step backwards, and with the ''demy hache'' turn his (''dague'') aside from in front of your face, and remain on the guard of the dague. And then you can step and turn on whichever guard seems good to you. And you must deliver these jabs frequently, sometimes at the foot and sometimes at the hand or face; so that he does not find your axe at all still, and you can, wholly at your own initiative, make any opening.
+
| <p>[25] If he were to do it to you. You must lower the ''queue'' of your axe close to your feet and step backwards, and with the ''demy hache'' turn his (''dague'') aside from in front of your face, and remain on the guard of the dague. And then you can step and turn on whichever guard seems good to you. And you must deliver these jabs frequently, sometimes at the foot and sometimes at the hand or face; so that he does not find your axe at all still, and you can, wholly at your own initiative, make any opening.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">25.</span>''' Item se il le vous faisoit deuez baisser la queue de la vostre pres de vos pies et desmarchies en arriere et de demy hache destourner la sienne de deuant vostre visage et demourez en vostre garde sur la dague. Et puis pouez desmarchier et tourner sur la garde de laquelle se bon vous samble et souvent le deuez arguez de ces estocs puis sur le pie puis sur la main et au visage et quil ne treuue point vostre hache au ferme que vous puissez se non a vostre requeste pour faire aucune entree.
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|1|lbl=05v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [26] If he comes at you with the ''queue'' forward, and he is holding it high. Stepping to his left side, you can place your; ''queue'' under his arm, so that the ''queue'' passes under his axe between his two hands, and pull toward his hand with a good sudden jolt, to make him lose his grip with one hand. And from there you can push with ''demy hache'' in his side, to hurl him to the ground. At least you will be able to move forward and have sufficient leisure to swing at him.
+
| <p>[26] If he comes at you with the ''queue'' forward, and he is holding it high. Stepping to his left side, you can place your; ''queue'' under his arm, so that the ''queue'' passes under his axe between his two hands, and pull toward his hand with a good sudden jolt, to make him lose his grip with one hand. And from there you can push with ''demy hache'' in his side, to hurl him to the ground. At least you will be able to move forward and have sufficient leisure to swing at him.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">26.</span>''' Item se Il vient a vous la queue deuant et quil la tienne haulte pouez mettre la queue de la vostre en marchant sur son coste gauche de dessoubz son bras et que la queue passe par soubz la sienne hache entre ses deux mains et tirer vers sa main bonne secousse pour la luy faire perdre dune main. Et de la pouez boutter de demy hache en son coste pour le getter par terre, au mains le ferez vous marchier auant et aurez assez loisir de hausser de tour de bras sur luy.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [27] If he does the same thing to you. You have only to release the grip of your lower hand, and immediately take hold of your axe again higher up, while stepping back, and return on your guard.
+
| <p>[27] If he does the same thing to you. You have only to release the grip of your lower hand, and immediately take hold of your axe again higher up, while stepping back, and return on your guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">27.</span>''' Item se Il vous fait ceste mesme chose vous nauez a faire que de lachier a coup la main basse, et de reprendre a coup vostre hache plus hault en desmarchant et tourner sur vostre garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [28] If he has nullified this move which you will have practiced on him in this manner above-said, and he has put himself on the guard of the ''dague''. You can similarly place your ''queue'' under his ''demy hache'', stepping face to face, and pass your said ''queue'' over his right arm, and give him a good hard jolt to make him lose the butt of his axe. And from there you will have leisure to give him a blow or a thrust.
+
| <p>[28] If he has nullified this move which you will have practiced on him in this manner above-said, and he has put himself on the guard of the ''dague''. You can similarly place your ''queue'' under his ''demy hache'', stepping face to face, and pass your said ''queue'' over his right arm, and give him a good hard jolt to make him lose the butt of his axe. And from there you will have leisure to give him a blow or a thrust.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">28.</span>''' Item se il dessaisoit ceste prinse que luy aurez faite en la maniere dessusdicte et quil fust sur la garde de la dague pouez pareillement mettre la queue de la vostre soubz sa demy hache en marchant visage contre visage et passer vostredite queue par dessus son bras droit et donner bonne secousse pour luy faire perdre le gros bout de sa hache, et de la aurez loisir de donner coup ou estocq.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
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| [29] And if you cross your axes in the middle to push one another. Do it so that, in crossing, you have the ''croix'' of your axe higher than the ''queue''; and, as you push, turn your ''bec de faucon'' toward his axe to draw it toward you, while stepping back, with all your strength of your arm. Merely hook the said ''bec de faucon'' to the middle of his axe and it will make him lose his axe.
+
| <p>[29] And if you cross your axes in the middle to push one another. Do it so that, in crossing, you have the ''croix'' of your axe higher than the ''queue''; and, as you push, turn your ''bec de faucon'' toward his axe to draw it toward you, while stepping back, with all your strength of your arm. Merely hook the said ''bec de faucon'' to the middle of his axe and it will make him lose his axe.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">29.</span>''' Item et se vous venez croiser vos haches a demy a pousser lung lautre faites que en croisant vous ayes la croix de la vostre plus hault que la queue et en poussant tournez vostre bec de faulcon vers sa hache pour la tirer a vous en desmarchant de la force de tous vos bras seullement acrochies ledict becq de faulcon au millieu de sa hache et sera pour luy faire perdre sa hache.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [30] If he does not drop or lose his axe, at least he will come one pace after you. At which march forward, giving him a jab in the face; and then return on your guard.
+
| <p>[30] If he does not drop or lose his axe, at least he will come one pace after you. At which march forward, giving him a jab in the face; and then return on your guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">30.</span>''' Item se il ne chiet ou ne pert sa hache au mains vendra il ung pas apres vous, a dont remarchies au deuant en luy baillant au visage de lestocq et puis tournez en vostre garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|1|lbl=06r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [31] If he does the same move to you. Release your lower hand and he will do nothing.
+
| <p>[31] If he does the same move to you. Release your lower hand and he will do nothing.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">31.</span>''' Item se il vous fait la pareille prinse lachies vostre main de dessoubz et il ne fera rien.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
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| [32] You can otherwise counter it by following up his tugging, stepping forward as he pulls. And from there, stepping with your left foot to his right side, hit him violently with the ''queue'' of your axe on his neck, knocking him over, as it is said in the aforesaid parry of the ''demy hache''.
+
| <p>[32] You can otherwise counter it by following up his tugging, stepping forward as he pulls. And from there, stepping with your left foot to his right side, hit him violently with the ''queue'' of your axe on his neck, knocking him over, as it is said in the aforesaid parry of the ''demy hache''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">32.</span>''' Item vous la pouez aultrement deffaire en le suyuant en son tirer marchies en auant ainsy quil tirera, et de la pourrez en marchant du pie gauche sur son coste droit getter la queue de la vostre sur son col en le verssant comme me dessus est dit en la parade de demy hache.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [33] If he does it to you. You already know the counter to it in the said parry of the ''demy hache''.
+
| <p>[33] If he does it to you. You already know the counter to it in the said parry of the ''demy hache''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">33.</span>''' Item se il le vous fait ia en sauez vous la deffaire en ladicte parade de demy hache.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
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| [34] If he gives you a jab to the foot with his ''queue''. You must lift your foot, while presenting your ''queue'' against his, to turn him aside and make it jump out of his hand, if you can. And whether this has been accomplished or not, without moving you can hit him quickly with the mail of your axe on his head or on his hands, to your advantage.
+
| <p>[34] If he gives you a jab to the foot with his ''queue''. You must lift your foot, while presenting your ''queue'' against his, to turn him aside and make it jump out of his hand, if you can. And whether this has been accomplished or not, without moving you can hit him quickly with the mail of your axe on his head or on his hands, to your advantage.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">34.</span>''' Item se il vous donnoit de lestocq de sa queue au pie vous deuez leuer vostre pie en luy donnant de vostre queue contre la sienne pour le destourner et faire saillir hors de sa main se pouez. Et fait ou non vous luy pouez donner prestement sans vous bougier du mail de la hache sur la teste et sur les mains a vostre auantage.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
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| [35] If your axes are crossed at the two ''queues''. Make him, if you can, raise the ''queue'' of his axe very high, and from there you can lower the end of your ''queue'' while drawing it back a little, running it through the hand until you can pass it again under his without stretching more than the least possible. And from there to strike back-handed against his axe to try to make it escape from his hand; or at least to misdirect it in such a way that you might be able to get between him and his axe while stepping to his left side. And from there you can push with your ''demy hache'' against his side to knock him to the ground.
+
| <p>[35] If your axes are crossed at the two ''queues''. Make him, if you can, raise the ''queue'' of his axe very high, and from there you can lower the end of your ''queue'' while drawing it back a little, running it through the hand until you can pass it again under his without stretching more than the least possible. And from there to strike back-handed against his axe to try to make it escape from his hand; or at least to misdirect it in such a way that you might be able to get between him and his axe while stepping to his left side. And from there you can push with your ''demy hache'' against his side to knock him to the ground.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">35.</span>''' Item se vos deux haches sont en croix des ii queues, faites se vous pouez quil hausse la queue de la sienne bien hault et de la pouez baisser le bout de la queue de la vostre en la retirant ung peu coulant par la main tant que la puissez repasser par dessoubz la sienne sans esloignier que le mains que pourrez, et de la frapper darriere main contre la sienne pour essayer se la pourrez faire eschapper de la main au mains la desuoyer par fasson que puissez entrer entre luy et sa hache en marchant sur son coste gauche. Et de la pouez boutter de demy hache sur la coste pour le ruer par terre.
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|1|lbl=06v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [36] To protect yourself against his doing this to you. Ensure that he does not find your axe crosswise - at least that your axe should not be behind his. And certainly do not hold it in one position.
+
| <p>[36] To protect yourself against his doing this to you. Ensure that he does not find your axe crosswise - at least that your axe should not be behind his. And certainly do not hold it in one position.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">36.</span>''' Item pour vous garder quil ne le vous face gardez quil ne treuue vostre hache en croisee au mains que la vostre ne soit darriere la sienne et ne la tenez guieres en ung lieu.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [37] If by chance he were to do it to you. You could counter it by holding your axe close to you, and passing your ''queue'' low down, between you and him, and from there raise it up to meet his stomach and push him from you.
+
| <p>[37] If by chance he were to do it to you. You could counter it by holding your axe close to you, and passing your ''queue'' low down, between you and him, and from there raise it up to meet his stomach and push him from you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">37.</span>''' Item se dauenture il le vous faisoit vous vous en poes deffaire en dressant vostre hache pres de vous et passer vostre queue par bas entre vous et luy et de la la sourdre a lencontre de son estommacq et le deboutter de vous.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [38] Another counter, if he does it to you. You must hold your axe out straight, well away from you; and from there heave it up to meet his stomach as you straighten up against him, and push him from you.
+
| <p>[38] Another counter, if he does it to you. You must hold your axe out straight, well away from you; and from there heave it up to meet his stomach as you straighten up against him, and push him from you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">38.</span>''' Item aultre deffaite sil le vous faisoit Il vous fault dresser vostre hache loing de vous et de la la hausser encontre son estommacq en vous redressant contre luy et le deboutter de vous.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [39] If you can do this well suddenly. As you turn you can hook the ''bec de faucon'' around his neck and pull him toward you to see whether you can overthrow him.
+
| <p>[39] If you can do this well suddenly. As you turn you can hook the ''bec de faucon'' around his neck and pull him toward you to see whether you can overthrow him.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">39.</span>''' Item se vous le pouez a coup bien faire en vous tournant pouez getter le beq de faulcon en son col et tirer a vous veoir se le pourrez desroquer.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [40] If he does it to you. You must step forward with your right foot, while pushing his axe away from you with the ''demy hache'', and you can remain on your guard.
+
| <p>[40] If he does it to you. You must step forward with your right foot, while pushing his axe away from you with the ''demy hache'', and you can remain on your guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">40.</span>''' Item se il le vous fait deuez marchier du pie droit en auant en bouttant demy hache la sienne loing de vous et pouez demourer en vostre garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [41] Again, if the ''queues'' of the said axes are crossed. You must push his axe with yours, placing it below yours until you have caused it to be lowered so much that you should have made the said ''queues'' pass on your left side, so that you have the leisure to step with your right foot behind him. And from there you can give him a great blow with the ''demy hache'' against his shoulders. Or if he has turned his back on you sufficiently so that you can get at the flat of his shoulders, you can push him with the ''demy hache'', following him very quickly, first on one side and then on the other, according to which side you perceive that he wishes to turn against you. Then strike against this shoulder; and if he wishes to turn to the other side push him there without moving your ''demy hache'' from his back. And in doing this you could put him out of the lists.
+
| <p>[41] Again, if the ''queues'' of the said axes are crossed. You must push his axe with yours, placing it below yours until you have caused it to be lowered so much that you should have made the said ''queues'' pass on your left side, so that you have the leisure to step with your right foot behind him. And from there you can give him a great blow with the ''demy hache'' against his shoulders. Or if he has turned his back on you sufficiently so that you can get at the flat of his shoulders, you can push him with the ''demy hache'', following him very quickly, first on one side and then on the other, according to which side you perceive that he wishes to turn against you. Then strike against this shoulder; and if he wishes to turn to the other side push him there without moving your ''demy hache'' from his back. And in doing this you could put him out of the lists.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">41.</span>''' Item se de rechief les queues desdictes haches sont croisees deuez pousser de la vostre la sienne en la mettant dessoubz la vostre tant quee vous layes fait baisser si bas que ayes fait passer lesdictes queues sur vostre coste gauche tant que ayes loisir de marchier du pie droit sur son darriere et de la le pouez demy hache pousser contre les espaulles grant coup. Ou sil vous a le darriere tant tourne que puissez auoir le plat des espaulles vous le pouez boutter de ladicte demy hache en le suyuant bien prestement puis sur lung coste puis sur lautre selon que pourrez apperceuoir du quel coste il veult retourner contre vous, alors bouttez contre ceste espaulle, et sil veult tourner daultre coste poussez sur lautre sans bougier vostre demy hache de dessus son dos. Et en ce faisant le pouez mettre de dehors la lisse.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [42] If he were to use this opening against you. Immediately that you perceive it, parry with your axe on his, and he will find nothing.
+
| <p>[42] If he were to use this opening against you. Immediately that you perceive it, parry with your axe on his, and he will find nothing.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">42.</span>''' Item se Il vous faisoit cestedicte entree. Incontinent que vous lapperceurez desuoyes la vostre sur la sienne et il ne trouvera rien.
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|1|lbl=07r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [43] If he comes at you with his face forward. You can jab at his face with the ''queue'' of your axe, or at his foot which has no protection; or you can give several other strokes.
+
| <p>[43] If he comes at you with his face forward. You can jab at his face with the ''queue'' of your axe, or at his foot which has no protection; or you can give several other strokes.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">43.</span>''' Item se il vient a vous le visage deuant le pouez estocquer au visage de la queue de vostre hache ou au pie quil na point de couuerte ou vous pouez tirer plusieurs aultres coups.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [44] If he comes as above-said, with his face forward. You can give him a jab with the ''queue'' in the face so that he raises his axe. And if he holds it away from him, you can place the queue of your axe under his ''demy hache'' right against his neck, and strike it. And if you do not find it to your advantage to strike, pass the said ''queue'' over his head to take him from the other side of his neck to pull him backwards. And if you fail so that you cannot strike him: from there pull as you move backwards and you will encounter no hindrance.
+
| <p>[44] If he comes as above-said, with his face forward. You can give him a jab with the ''queue'' in the face so that he raises his axe. And if he holds it away from him, you can place the queue of your axe under his ''demy hache'' right against his neck, and strike it. And if you do not find it to your advantage to strike, pass the said ''queue'' over his head to take him from the other side of his neck to pull him backwards. And if you fail so that you cannot strike him: from there pull as you move backwards and you will encounter no hindrance.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">44.</span>''' Item se il venoit comme dessusdict le visage deuant vous luy pouez donner dung estocq de la queue au visage affin quil hausse sa hache, et se il la tient loing de luy vous pouez mettre la queue de la vostre par dessoubz sa demy hache droit encontre son col et le boutter. Et se ne trouvez vostre auantage a boutter passez ladicte queue par sus sa teste pour le prendre a lautre coste du col a tirer arriere. Et se faillies que ne le puisses pousser de la tirez en suyuant vos pas en arriere et vous ne trouuerez point dempeschement.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [45] And if he makes the said move against you. You can push with your ''demy hache'' against his neck or his shoulders, and thus drive him back from you.
+
| <p>[45] And if he makes the said move against you. You can push with your ''demy hache'' against his neck or his shoulders, and thus drive him back from you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">45.</span>''' Item se il vous faisoit ladicte prinse vous pouez boutter a demy hache encontre son col ou son espaulle et de le deboutter de vous.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [46] If he counters you in this manner. You must remember to draw back, and as you do so you must cross the said ''queue'' of your axe over his right arm, giving him a great jolt to make him lose the butt.
+
| <p>[46] If he counters you in this manner. You must remember to draw back, and as you do so you must cross the said ''queue'' of your axe over his right arm, giving him a great jolt to make him lose the butt.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">46.</span>''' Item se Il la vous deffaisoit en ceste maniere vous deuez obeyr a reculler et en vous recullant deuez trauersser ladicte queue de vostre hache par dessus son bras droit en tirant grant secousse pour la luy faire perdre du gros bout.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [47] Another counter. The moment that his ''queue'' is on your neck, release your left hand, and take up your axe again higher up, above his, as you step backwards: which is a good and sure counter.
+
| <p>[47] Another counter. The moment that his ''queue'' is on your neck, release your left hand, and take up your axe again higher up, above his, as you step backwards: which is a good and sure counter.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">47.</span>''' Item une aultre deffaite. Incontinent que sa queue sera sur vostre col lachies vostre main gauche et reprenez vostre hache plus hault par dessus la sienne en vous desmarchant en arriere qui est bonne et seure deffaite.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [48] If he holds the queue high. You must hold it high like him: but one end as high as the other, so as to show the palm of your hand as little as you can. And from there you can guard against his thrust if he strikes at your face.
+
| <p>[48] If he holds the queue high. You must hold it high like him: but one end as high as the other, so as to show the palm of your hand as little as you can. And from there you can guard against his thrust if he strikes at your face.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">48.</span>''' Item se il tient la queue haulte, vous la deuez tenir hault comme luy mais autant hault lung bout comme lautre affin de non monstrer le creux de la main que le mains que vous pouez, et de la vous pouez garder se son estocq sil vous tiroit au visage.
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|1|lbl=07v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [49] If he holds the ''queue'' of his axe higher than the ''croix'', he shows the palm of his hand, whereupon you can give him a jab with your said ''queue'' at the palm of his hand.
+
| <p>[49] If he holds the ''queue'' of his axe higher than the ''croix'', he shows the palm of his hand, whereupon you can give him a jab with your said ''queue'' at the palm of his hand.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">49.</span>''' Item se il tenoit la queue de sa hache plus hault que la croix il monstre le creux de sa main dont vous luy pouez donner de lestocq de vostredicte queue au creux de la main.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [50] If he comes at you as before, his face toward you, to strike you demy hache or otherwise. If you can get near him, you can put the ''queue'' of your axe between his thighs as far forward as you can, and then lift up the butt which you are holding in your hand, with all your strength, to raise him high and make him lose contact with the ground.
+
| <p>[50] If he comes at you as before, his face toward you, to strike you demy hache or otherwise. If you can get near him, you can put the ''queue'' of your axe between his thighs as far forward as you can, and then lift up the butt which you are holding in your hand, with all your strength, to raise him high and make him lose contact with the ground.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">50.</span>''' Item se il vient a vous comme deuant le visage deuers vous pour vous boutter demy hache ou aultrement, se pouez approchier de luy vous pouez mettre la queue de vostre hache entre ses cuisses le plus auant que pourrez et lors leuez le gros bout que tenez en la main de toute vostre puissance pour le sourdre hault et luy se perdre terre.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [51] If you do it thus, he will of necessity fall backwards. And if he wishes to do it to you, you have only to put your ''demy hache'' quickly against his neck or his shoulder, and this will prevent his being able to lift so great a weight.
+
| <p>[51] If you do it thus, he will of necessity fall backwards. And if he wishes to do it to you, you have only to put your ''demy hache'' quickly against his neck or his shoulder, and this will prevent his being able to lift so great a weight.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">51.</span>''' Item se ainsy le faites force luy est de tumber en arriere, et se il le vous vouloit faire nauez a faire que prestement mettre la demy hache contre son col ou son espaule et cela le gardera de pouoir leuer sy grans fais.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| '''Here begins the Play of the left-hander against the right-hander. And first.'''
+
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the Play of the left-hander against the right-hander. And first.}}</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Cy commence Le Jeu du gauchier au droittier & premierement.</span>'''
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [52] If the left-hander comes at you swinging. You must step forward on your left foot, hitting hard with the ''queue'' of your axe to intercept his stroke so that the blow does not fall on you. And the counter having been made, you must quickly withdraw your ''queue'', bringing down the mail of your said axe against the back of his axe to help him go with the swing with which he thought to strike you. Or to make the butt escape from his hand.
+
| <p>[52] If the left-hander comes at you swinging. You must step forward on your left foot, hitting hard with the ''queue'' of your axe to intercept his stroke so that the blow does not fall on you. And the counter having been made, you must quickly withdraw your ''queue'', bringing down the mail of your said axe against the back of his axe to help him go with the swing with which he thought to strike you. Or to make the butt escape from his hand.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">52.</span>''' Item se le gauchier vient a vous donner de tour de bras deuez desmarchier du pie gauche en auant en ruant la queue de vostre hache au deuant de son coup affin que le coup ne tumbe sur vous, et de la couuerte faite prestement deuez retirer la queue a vous en ruant du mail de vostredicte hache encontre le dos de la sienne pour luy ayder a sen aler auecques son branle dont il vous cuide ferir, ou pour luy faire eschapper du gros bout de sa main.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [53] If he has withdrawn his axe so suddenly that it causes you to miss. You must immediately withdraw to the guard of your ''queue''.
+
| <p>[53] If he has withdrawn his axe so suddenly that it causes you to miss. You must immediately withdraw to the guard of your ''queue''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">53.</span>''' Item se il auoit retire sa hache sy a coup quil vous conuenist faillir retirez vous prestement sur la garde de vostre queue.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [54] If the said left-hander comes at you swinging. In whatever guard you may be, step back one pace and he will find nothing.
+
| <p>[54] If the said left-hander comes at you swinging. In whatever guard you may be, step back one pace and he will find nothing.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">54.</span>''' Item se ledict gauchier vous vient donner de tour de bras en quelque garde que vous soyes desmarchies ung pas en arriere et il ne trouuera rien.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg|1|lbl=08r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [55] If you hit out at your left-hander with a swing, and it is met with his ''queue'' in the above-said fashion. Immediately his stroke has been delivered, give him a great blow with your ''queue'' against the back of his, to try to make him lose his grip with one hand. But whether or not he loses his grip, you can, with the said blow, immediately advance your left foot behind his heel, putting your ''queue'' under his chin to knock him backwards, if you can. And if you can do nothing, return quickly on your guard. As you retire following your steps thus remain on the guard of your ''queue''.
+
| <p>[55] If you hit out at your left-hander with a swing, and it is met with his ''queue'' in the above-said fashion. Immediately his stroke has been delivered, give him a great blow with your ''queue'' against the back of his, to try to make him lose his grip with one hand. But whether or not he loses his grip, you can, with the said blow, immediately advance your left foot behind his heel, putting your ''queue'' under his chin to knock him backwards, if you can. And if you can do nothing, return quickly on your guard. As you retire following your steps thus remain on the guard of your ''queue''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">55.</span>''' Item se vous ruez a tour de bras a vostre gauchier se il se treuue se sa queue en la fasson dessusdicte Incontinent le coup fait donnez de la queue de la vostre contre le darriere de la sienne grant coup pour essayer a la luy se perdre dune main, mais perdre ou non vous pouez auecques ledict coup a tant marchier du pie gauche en auant darriere son talon et luy mettant la queue de la vostre par dessoubz le menton pour le reuersser se pouez, se ne pouez rien faire tourner vous prestement en vostre garde, en vous retirant suyuant vos pas ainsy demourrez sur la garde de vostre queue.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [56] If he applies this said opening on you. You have only to thrust your said ''queue'' under his and raise it up: doing to him the same as he has done to you, and doing this you counter his move.
+
| <p>[56] If he applies this said opening on you. You have only to thrust your said ''queue'' under his and raise it up: doing to him the same as he has done to you, and doing this you counter his move.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">56.</span>''' Item se il vous faisoit cestedicte entree, nauez a faire que tirer vostredicte queue par dessoubz la sienne et la hausser en la mettant a luy pareillement comme il la a vous auoit mise et en ce faisant deffaites sa prinse.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [57] He can counter the move when you have done it again in the manner above-said, in as much that - as you have your axe under his chin - you have the arm high. And from there, he can place his ''demy hache'' under your armpit, and he can push you very vigorously. And equally you can do it to him if he uses the same opening on you. And whether this works or fails, do not tarry at all.
+
| <p>[57] He can counter the move when you have done it again in the manner above-said, in as much that - as you have your axe under his chin - you have the arm high. And from there, he can place his ''demy hache'' under your armpit, and he can push you very vigorously. And equally you can do it to him if he uses the same opening on you. And whether this works or fails, do not tarry at all.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">57.</span>''' Item il la puet deffaire quant lauries reffaite en la maniere dessusdicte et tant que vous auez la vostre hache soubz son menton auez le bras hault, et de la vous puet mettre a demy hache dessoubz vostre esselle, et vous puet pousser bien fort. Et pareillement la luy pouez faire sil vous faisoit ladicte entree. Et pour ce fait ou failly ny deuez point seiourner.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [58] And to counter this said push under the armpit. As soon as you feel it, you can suddenly release your left hand and place your arm between his ''demy hache'' - which he is holding well away from himself in order to push you - and his body; and all in one movement get your hand under his crotch and heave him up in order to overthrow him.
+
| <p>[58] And to counter this said push under the armpit. As soon as you feel it, you can suddenly release your left hand and place your arm between his ''demy hache'' - which he is holding well away from himself in order to push you - and his body; and all in one movement get your hand under his crotch and heave him up in order to overthrow him.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">58.</span>''' Item et pour deffaire ceste dite bouttee soubz lesselle. Incontinent que la sentirez vous pouez lachier a coup vostre main gauche et mettez vostre bras par entre sa demy hache quil tient loing de luy pour vous boutter et son corps et faites tantost dune venue que luy mettez la main par le fourc et le haussez hault pour le desroquer.
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|1|lbl=08v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
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| [59] If he were to do it to you. You must immediately release the grip of your left hand from the ''queue'' of your axe and, with this left hand, take up the ''croix'' of your axe, running the right hand downward and thus push against his neck, and he will not have the power to lift you.
+
| <p>[59] If he were to do it to you. You must immediately release the grip of your left hand from the ''queue'' of your axe and, with this left hand, take up the ''croix'' of your axe, running the right hand downward and thus push against his neck, and he will not have the power to lift you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">59.</span>''' Item se il le vous faisoit deuez a coup lachier la main gauche de la queue de vostre hache et reprendre de ceste main gauche la croix de vostredicte hache en coulant la main droite contre bas et de la pousser contre son col et il naura pouoir de vous hausser.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [60] If the said left-hander comes at you with the dague of his axe forward, to jab you in the face or another place above the belt. You can keep circling with your ''queue'' in front of his face to put him off his intended stroke; and from there you can give him a blow with the mail on the head from high to low in such a way that, were you to miss, your axe does not carry you so that you are obliged to turn your back: which would be a great danger.
+
| <p>[60] If the said left-hander comes at you with the dague of his axe forward, to jab you in the face or another place above the belt. You can keep circling with your ''queue'' in front of his face to put him off his intended stroke; and from there you can give him a blow with the mail on the head from high to low in such a way that, were you to miss, your axe does not carry you so that you are obliged to turn your back: which would be a great danger.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">60.</span>''' Item se ledict gauchier vient a vous la dague de sa hache deuant pour estocquer au visage ou en aultre lieu au dessus de la sainture pouez tourner de la queue de la vostre souuent deuant son visage pour luy troubler son avis quil auroit entreprins de fairee quelque coup et de la pouez tirer coup de mail sur la teste de hault en bas ainsy se failliez que vostre hache ne vous emporte tant quil vous conuenist luy tourner le dos qui seroit grant peril.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [61] If he covers himself with the cross-bar of his axe. For the first stroke, make as if to shape up for another blow so that he covers himself high as before, to guard his head. Then give a great blow at the knee and well forward, so that if he takes a step the axe between his legs finds the other knee. And if he does not move you must give a great sudden pull toward you, so that your ''bec de faucon'' hooks itself behind his knee to pull him to the ground. And if you are able, do not give this stroke below the armour plate: but on the plate or above, so that if you fail to overthrow him you may be able to disarm him of some piece of his cuisse.
+
| <p>[61] If he covers himself with the cross-bar of his axe. For the first stroke, make as if to shape up for another blow so that he covers himself high as before, to guard his head. Then give a great blow at the knee and well forward, so that if he takes a step the axe between his legs finds the other knee. And if he does not move you must give a great sudden pull toward you, so that your ''bec de faucon'' hooks itself behind his knee to pull him to the ground. And if you are able, do not give this stroke below the armour plate: but on the plate or above, so that if you fail to overthrow him you may be able to disarm him of some piece of his cuisse.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">61.</span>''' Item sil se couuroit de la croisee de la hache pour le premier coup faites samblant de recouurer ung aultre coup affin quil se queuure hault comme deuant pour garder sa teste, de la tirez grant coup par le genoul et bien auant affin que sil desmarchoit que la hache treuue lautre genoul par dedens jambes. Et sil ne desmarchoit deuez tirer grant secousse a vous affin que vostre becq de faulcon sacroche a son genoul pour le ruer par terre. Et se vous pouez ne tirez pas ce coup audessoubz de lescreuisse, mais en lescreuisse ou au dessus affin que se vous failliez a le desroquer que vous le puissez desarmey de quelque piece de cuissot
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [62] If he does it to you. You have only to take a step with your left foot which is behind, and advance it before the other, in order to push with your knee against the middle of his axe in order to free yourself.
+
| <p>[62] If he does it to you. You have only to take a step with your left foot which is behind, and advance it before the other, in order to push with your knee against the middle of his axe in order to free yourself.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">62.</span>''' Item se il le vous faisoit nauez a faire que desmarchier du pie gauche qui est darriere et le mettre deuant lautre pour hurter du genoul le millieu de sa hache pour vous desenferrer.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [63] From there, you can jab at his face with the ''queue'' of your axe, which is a good reply. And for this, when you make the said stroke, do it quickly. And if you miss, return immediately on your guard.
+
| <p>[63] From there, you can jab at his face with the ''queue'' of your axe, which is a good reply. And for this, when you make the said stroke, do it quickly. And if you miss, return immediately on your guard.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">63.</span>''' Item de la le pouez de la queue de vostre hache estocquer au visage qui est bonne deffence. Et pour ce quant ferez ledit coup faites le prestement, et se vous faillies tournez vous a coup en vostre garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [64] If the said left-hander comes at you with his ''dague'' forward. You must immediately thrust aside the ''croix'' of his axe with your ''queue'', now here, now there. And while doing this, you can place your said ''queue'' against his ''croix'' on the haft towards his body, and you must let the said ''queue'' run through your left hand toward his ''croix'', so that you have the power to push it away backhanded. And as you do this sliding movement, immediately step with your right foot to his rear, close to him, and all in one movement you must push your butt ''demy hache'' to try to beat him to the ground. Or at least if he draws back, you can deliver a blow.
+
| <p>[64] If the said left-hander comes at you with his ''dague'' forward. You must immediately thrust aside the ''croix'' of his axe with your ''queue'', now here, now there. And while doing this, you can place your said ''queue'' against his ''croix'' on the haft towards his body, and you must let the said ''queue'' run through your left hand toward his ''croix'', so that you have the power to push it away backhanded. And as you do this sliding movement, immediately step with your right foot to his rear, close to him, and all in one movement you must push your butt ''demy hache'' to try to beat him to the ground. Or at least if he draws back, you can deliver a blow.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">64.</span>''' Item se ledict gauchier vient a vous la dague au deuant de rechief deuez de la queue de la vostre deboutter la croix de la sienne puis sa puis la. Et en ce faisant pouez mettre vostredicte queue contre la croix de la sienne sur le manche par deuers son corps et deuez laisser couler de la main gauche ladicte queue encontre la croix de le sienne tellement que ayes force de la esloignier en arriere main. Et en faisant ceste coulisse droitement deuez marchier de vostre pie droit sur son darriere pres de luy et tout dune venue deuuez boutter a demy hache vostre grant bout pour essayer se le boutterez a terre, ou au mains se desmarchera il et pouez faire coup.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg|1|lbl=09r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [65] If he were to do it to you. As soon as you feel yourself thrust at, you must lower the butt of your axe, turning the axe under his ''queue'', without getting out of distance, and so that your axe comes behind his ''queue''. And from there you can move so that you have the leisure to step back to return on the guard of the ''queue'' because it is more advantageous than that of the ''dague''.
+
| <p>[65] If he were to do it to you. As soon as you feel yourself thrust at, you must lower the butt of your axe, turning the axe under his ''queue'', without getting out of distance, and so that your axe comes behind his ''queue''. And from there you can move so that you have the leisure to step back to return on the guard of the ''queue'' because it is more advantageous than that of the ''dague''.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">65.</span>''' Item se il le vous faisoit deuez si prestement que vous vous sentez enferre baisser le gros bout de vostre hache en la tournant par dessoubz la queue de la sienne sans guieres la esloignier et tant que vostredicte hache viengne sur la darriere de sa queue. Et de la pouez esbranler tant que aurez loisir de desmarchier en arriere pour tourner en la garde de la queue car elle est plus auantageuse que celle de la dague.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [66] If your ''queues'' are crossed together. You can hold them fast together, so that he holds his tight. And then you must step back with your left foot; and as you step back, smoothly give him a blow with the mail on his hands. And this is a good stroke, but only when your ''queue'' is behind his. And to protect youreself from this blow, make sure that he never has his ''queue'' behind yours: because, if he has it in front, he cannot do it to you on account of your ''queue'' which prevents it.
+
| <p>[66] If your ''queues'' are crossed together. You can hold them fast together, so that he holds his tight. And then you must step back with your left foot; and as you step back, smoothly give him a blow with the mail on his hands. And this is a good stroke, but only when your ''queue'' is behind his. And to protect youreself from this blow, make sure that he never has his ''queue'' behind yours: because, if he has it in front, he cannot do it to you on account of your ''queue'' which prevents it.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">66.</span>''' Item se vos queues sont ioinctes en croix les pouez affermer ensamble affin quil asseure la sienne. Et de la deuez desmarchier en arriere de vostre pie gauche, et en desmarchant tirez ung coup du mail en coulant sur ses mains et cest ung bon coup mais que la vostre queue soit darriere la sienne. Et pour vous garder de coup gardez que iamais il nayt la sienne darriere la vostre car se il la deuant il ne le vous puet faire pour la queue de la vostre qui len garde.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [67] When you have your ''queue'' behind his, thrusting it forward a little, you can always give him a jab in the face.
+
| <p>[67] When you have your ''queue'' behind his, thrusting it forward a little, you can always give him a jab in the face.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">67.</span>''' Item vous pouez tousiours ayant vostre queue darriere la sienne en la debouttant ung peu en auant luy tirer destocq par le visage.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [68] If the said left-hander comes at you with the ''dague'' forward, and he is holding his axe long. You can put your ''queue'' crossways between his hand and the ''croix'', and from there give him a back-hander downwards, in order to make his axe pass behind you as, stepping forward with your right foot, you can push him ''demy hache'' against his shoulders to knock him down.
+
| <p>[68] If the said left-hander comes at you with the ''dague'' forward, and he is holding his axe long. You can put your ''queue'' crossways between his hand and the ''croix'', and from there give him a back-hander downwards, in order to make his axe pass behind you as, stepping forward with your right foot, you can push him ''demy hache'' against his shoulders to knock him down.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">68.</span>''' Item se ledict gauchier vient a vous la dague deuant et quil tiengne sa hache longue vous pouez mettre la queue de la vostre en croisee entre sa main et la + et de la tirer en arriere main contre bas pour la faire passer sur vostre darriere en marchant du pie droit en auant le pouez boutter demy hache contre ses espaules pour le desroquer.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg|1|lbl=09v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [69] Take care that he can never get to press crossways with his ''queue'' against the front of yours. Or, if by chance he does, then as soon as he has pressed, turn yours over his, and he will not be able to do it.
+
| <p>[69] Take care that he can never get to press crossways with his ''queue'' against the front of yours. Or, if by chance he does, then as soon as he has pressed, turn yours over his, and he will not be able to do it.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">69.</span>''' Item gardez que iamais il ne puisse aduenir a appuyer croisee de sa queuure contre le deuant de la vostre, ou se dauenture il faisoit prestement quil aura appuye destournez la vostre par sus la sienne et ne le pourra faire.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [70] If your man comes at you guarding with the ''queue'', and he is holding it low. You can give a forehanded blow against his ''queue'' with yours, in order to move it away from in front of him. And if you can do it, as you follow up one foot after the other, you can place yourself between his axe and him; and from there you must place your said ''queue'' between his thighs, half-way along, and you must lift up your man on the said ''queue'' as high as you can. And you can carry out this move from various other openings, neither more nor less than are set out before in the play of the right-hander against the right-hander.
+
| <p>[70] If your man comes at you guarding with the ''queue'', and he is holding it low. You can give a forehanded blow against his ''queue'' with yours, in order to move it away from in front of him. And if you can do it, as you follow up one foot after the other, you can place yourself between his axe and him; and from there you must place your said ''queue'' between his thighs, half-way along, and you must lift up your man on the said ''queue'' as high as you can. And you can carry out this move from various other openings, neither more nor less than are set out before in the play of the right-hander against the right-hander.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">70.</span>''' Item se vostre homme vient a vous sur la garde de la queue et quil la tienne comme basse pouez frapper de vostre queue contrre la sienne auant main pour la esloignier sur son deuant. Et se le pouez faire en suyuant lung pie apres lautre pouez vous mettre entre sa hache et luy et de la deuez mettre vostredicte queue entre ses cuisses iusques a demy et deuez subleuer vostre homme sur ladicte queue le plus hault que pourrez. Et pouez faire cestedicte prinse de plusieurs aultres entrees ne plus ne mains comme deuant est mis au Jeu de droittier a droittier.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [71] If he does it to you. You must stick your axe into the middle of his chest, and he will not be able to do it.
+
| <p>[71] If he does it to you. You must stick your axe into the middle of his chest, and he will not be able to do it.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">71.</span>''' Item se il le vous faisoit deuez mettre a demy vostre hache entre sa poitrine et naura pouoir de la faire.
+
| {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [72] If your man comes at you with his face forward, whether right-hander or left-hander. If you can place the ''queue'' of your axe above his, and from there get the end under his right armpit, you can push him from the side of the said ''queue'', always following him up, without his having the slightest good remedy to free himself. And by this you can put him out of the lists.
+
| <p>[72] If your man comes at you with his face forward, whether right-hander or left-hander. If you can place the ''queue'' of your axe above his, and from there get the end under his right armpit, you can push him from the side of the said ''queue'', always following him up, without his having the slightest good remedy to free himself. And by this you can put him out of the lists.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">72.</span>''' Item se vostre homme vient a vous le visage deuant soit droittier ou gauchier se pouez mettre la queue de vostre hache par sus la sienne et en mettre le bout sur lesselle droite le pouez pousser du coste de ladicte queue en le suyuant tousiours sans quil y ait guieres bon remede de se desenserrer et par cela le pouez mettre hors de la lisse.
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|1|lbl=10r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [73] You must frequently attack him with jabs at the face and at the feet to make him loose his composure.
+
| class="noline" | <p>[73] You must frequently attack him with jabs at the face and at the feet to make him loose his composure.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">73.</span>''' Item le deuez souuent arguer destocz par le visage et par les pies pour luy faire perdre son aduis.
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
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{{collation}}
 
{{-}}
 
{{-}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f1.highres|Front Cover}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 Cover 2.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f2.highres|Inside Cover}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 2.jpg|Inside Cover}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 Ir.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f3.highres|Blank}}
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{{Image|MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f11.highres|Folio 2r}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg|Folio 2r}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f12.highres|Folio 2v}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg|Folio 2v}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f13.highres|Folio 3r}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg|Folio 3r}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f14.highres|Folio 3v}}
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{{Image|MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f27.highres|Folio 10r}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg|Folio 10r}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 10v.jpg|Folio 10v}}
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{{Image|MS Francais 1996 Cover 3.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f35.highres|Inside Cover}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 3.jpg|Inside Cover}}
{{Image|MS Francais 1996 Cover 4.jpg|link=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p/f36.highres|Back Cover}}
+
{{image|page=1|MS Francais 1996 Cover 4.jpg|Back Cover}}
  
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Sydney Anglo|Anglo, Sydney]]. "''Le Jeu de la Hache'': A 15th-Century Treatise." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 454: Line 468:
 
| authors    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 
| authors    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 
| source link = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p
 
| source link = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000955p
| source title= Bibliothèque nationale de France
+
| source title= Gallica
 
| license    = public domain
 
| license    = public domain
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation
 
| work        = Translation
| authors    = Dr. [[Sydney Anglo]]
+
| authors    = Dr. [[translator::Sydney Anglo]]
 
| source link = http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm
 
| source link = http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm
 
| source title= Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
 
| source title= Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
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| authors    =  
 
| authors    =  
 
| source link =  
 
| source link =  
| source title= [[Index:Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Francais 1996)]]
+
| source title= [[Index:Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)]]
| license    = copyrighted
+
| license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
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[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 +
[[Category:Content]]
  
 
[[Category:French]]
 
[[Category:French]]
 +
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[[Category:Copy/Pasting]]
  
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
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[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 22:32, 2 March 2024

Le Jeu de la Hache
MS Français 1996,
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Paris, France

MS Francais 1996 1v.jpg
MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
HagedornJHLeng
WierschinHils
Type Fencing manual
Date 1460-85
Language(s) Middle French
Author(s) Unknown
Material Vellum, in an 18th century binding
Size 10 folia (166 mm × 245 mm)
Format Double-sided; space for miniatures
and initials (never added)
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans
Other translations Ελληνική μετάφραση

Le Jeu de la Hache ("The Play of the Axe", MS Français 1996), is a French fencing manual written between 1460 and 1485.[1] It currently rests in the holdings of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris, France. The earliest extant treatise on the use of the poleaxe, the manuscript is possesses detailed descriptions of a variety of techniques. It is unillustrated, but each paragraph has a large blank space next to the smaller area reserved for an initial so illustrations were probably intended.

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS Français 1996:[2]

  • 1544 – transferred from Francis I's library at Blois to Fontainebleau; listed as "Le jeu de la hache; covert de veloux noir"
  • 1622 – listed in Nicolas Rigault's catalog of the Bibliothèque du Roi as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes"
  • 1645 – listed in the Dupuy catalog of the museum as "Le jeu de la hache d'armes pour soi habilitier en armes"
  • Later passed from the Bibliothèque du Roi to the Bibliothèque nationale de France

Contents

Three blank parchment leaves
1rv
2r - 10v
Three blank parchment leaves

Gallery


Front Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 1.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 2.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 Ir.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 Iv.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIr.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIv.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIIr.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 IIIv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS Francais 1996 1r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS Francais 1996 1v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS Francais 1996 2r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS Francais 1996 2v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS Francais 1996 3r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS Francais 1996 3v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS Francais 1996 4r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS Francais 1996 4v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS Francais 1996 5r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS Francais 1996 5v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS Francais 1996 6r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS Francais 1996 6v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS Francais 1996 7r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS Francais 1996 7v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS Francais 1996 8r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS Francais 1996 8v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS Francais 1996 9r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS Francais 1996 9v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS Francais 1996 10r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS Francais 1996 10v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 11r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 11v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 12r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 12v.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 13r.jpg
Blank
MS Francais 1996 13v.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 3.jpg
Back Cover
MS Francais 1996 Cover 4.jpg

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica
Public Domain.png
Translation Dr. Sydney Anglo Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
Copyrighted.png
Transcription Index:Le Jeu de la Hache (MS Français 1996)
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