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(Created page with "<section begin="1"/>'''Here the gloss and the explanation of the Zettel of the long sword begins,''' which Johannes Liechtenauer, may God be merciful to him, who was known to...")
 
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>8</small>
 
| <small>8</small>
|  
+
| Hold yourself to this:<br/>All art has a time and place.<ref>lit: All art has length and measure</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<section end="3"/>
 
<section end="3"/>
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Gloss: Note there are five cryptic cuts that many masters of the sword know nothing of which to speak of. You shall learn to hew these from the right side. Whichever fencer that can break the cuts with the proper art without harm, they will be valued by other masters, for their art shall be more worthwhile to them than other fencers. And how one shall hew these cuts with their plays will be explained to you hereafter.<section end="14"/>
 
Gloss: Note there are five cryptic cuts that many masters of the sword know nothing of which to speak of. You shall learn to hew these from the right side. Whichever fencer that can break the cuts with the proper art without harm, they will be valued by other masters, for their art shall be more worthwhile to them than other fencers. And how one shall hew these cuts with their plays will be explained to you hereafter.<section end="14"/>
  
<section begin="15"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of techniques of the Epitome:}}
+
<section begin="15"/><br/><br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 153: Line 153:
 
The first is about the wrathcut with its plays
 
The first is about the wrathcut with its plays
  
{{red|b=1|Text}}
+
<br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 173: Line 173:
 
When they abscond above, then bind in against their sword from above with the long edge towards their head.<section end="20"/>
 
When they abscond above, then bind in against their sword from above with the long edge towards their head.<section end="20"/>
  
<!--<section begin="21"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on yet another of the Wrath-hew:}}
+
<section begin="21"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss of the wrathcut'''<br/><br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>29</small>
 
| <small>29</small>
| {{red|Be Stronger against,<br/>&emsp;Wind, Stab. If he sees, then take it down.}}
+
| Be strong in turn<br/>Wind. Stab. If they see it, then take it below
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, if he parries and remains Strong with the parrying on the sword, then remain also Strong against with your sword on his, and drive high up with your arms, and Wind your hilt on his sword in front before your head, and stab him above into his face. If he becomes aware of the stab, and drives high up with his arms and parries with his hilt, then remain standing thus with your hilt before your head, and set the point in below on his neck, or on his breast between both his arms.
+
Gloss: Note that this is when you cleave in with the wrathcut. If they parry and remain strong against the sword with their act of parrying, then remain strongly in opposition with your sword against their sword  and rise up high with your arms and wind against their sword with your hilt forwards, in front of your head and thrust into their face from above. If they become aware of the thrust and rise up with the arms high and parry with their hilt, then remain standing like this with your hilt in front of your head and set your point below onto their neck or onto their breast between both of their arms.<section end="21"/>
  
''As painted hereafter.''<ref>Line added in the Kraków.</ref><section end="21"/>
+
<section begin="22"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the wrathcut'''<br/><br/>
 
 
<section begin="22"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Wrath-hew:}}
 
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>30</small>
 
| <small>30</small>
| {{red|This precisely mark:<br/>&emsp;Hew, stab, Leaguer, Soft or Hard,}}
+
| Precisely note this<br/>Cut, stab, position, soft or hard
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>31</small>
 
| <small>31</small>
| {{red|Meanwhile, and Before, After,<br/>&emsp;Without haste. Your War should not be rushed.}}
+
| Indes and before and after<br/>Without rush, your war is not hasty.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is when he has bound with you, with a hew or with a stab (or otherwise on your sword): then from the Winding before you, you shall not too quickly leave his sword. When one sword clashes on the other, very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding, after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the nearest-standing opening as you will be taught hereafter and trained in the techniques.<section end="22"/>
+
Gloss: Note this is when the opponent has bound against your sword with a cut or with a stab or however else. You should not let yourself be too hasty with the windings, because it is done this way: You precisely note first whether it is soft or hard when one sword clashes onto another. And after you have perceived that, then work Indes with the winding according to the soft and according to the hard, always to the nearest opening as will be explained and conveyed to you hereafter in the plays.<section end="22"/>
  
<section begin="23"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the War:}}
+
<section begin="23"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the war.'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>32</small>
 
| <small>32</small>
| {{red|Whoever enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
+
| For the one whose war takes aim<br/>Above, they will be shamed below.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work with the point that goes from there to the Four Openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.<section end="23"/>
+
Gloss: Note the war, these are the winds and the work which continues into the four openings with the point. Conduct it like this: When you cleave in with the wrathcut, then as soon as they parry, rise sufficiently up with your arms and against their sword "wind" in your point to the upper opening of their left side from above. Then, if they displace your upper thrust, remain standing in the winding like this with the hilt in front of your head and still to their left side, let your point sink down to the lower opening. Then if they chase your sword with an act of parrying, seek the lower opening of their right side with your point. Then if they chase your sword further with an act of parrying, then rise up with your sword to your left side and hang in your point to the upper opening of their right side. In this way they become shamed above and below via the war if you otherwise conduct it correctly.<section end="23"/>
  
<section begin="24"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson from the Wrath-hew:}}
+
<section begin="24"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss of a lesson of the wrathcut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>33</small>
 
| <small>33</small>
| {{red|In all Winding,<br/>&emsp;Learn to find hew, stab, slice.}}
+
| In all winds<br/>Cut, stab, slice learn to apply
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>34</small>
 
| <small>34</small>
| {{red|Also shall you, with<br/>&emsp;Proving, hew, stab, or slice.}}
+
| Also with that you shall<br/>Gauge cut, stab or slice
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>35</small>
 
| <small>35</small>
| {{red|In all hits<br/>&emsp;You will trick the Masters.}}
+
| In all encounters<br/>Of the masters, if you wish to dishonor them.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is when you hew in to him with the Wrath-hew: then you shall be very well trained and entirely ready with the Winding on the sword, since each single Winding has three particular techniques, which are a hew, a stab, and a slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall think precisely well, so that you do not incorrectly drive the technique that pertains in that Winding (so that you do not hew when you should stab, and not slice when you should hew, and not stab when you should slice). And thus you shall always know to drive the technique that correctly pertains thereto in all hits and binding on the sword, if you will trick or deceive the other Masters when they are set against you. And how you shall drive the Windings, and how many there are, you will find described in the last technique of the Epitome, which says "Whoever drives well and correctly breaks…"<ref>Couplets 102-109.</ref><section end="24"/>
+
Gloss: Note this is for when you cleave in with the wrathcut. You should be quite well practiced and quite polished with the windings because each winding has three particular plays, that is, a cut, a stab and a slice. And when you wind against the sword, then you should completely make sure that you do not conduct the incorrect play. Therefore you should not cut when you should stab and not slice when you should cut and not stab when you should slice. And you should always know which play to conduct that is rightfully called for in all encounters and binds of the sword else if you wish to dishonor or confound the masters that set themselves against you. And how you shall conduct the windings and how they are numbered, you can find that written in the last play of the Zettel that says: "Who fully commands and correctly breaks..."<section end="24"/>
  
<section begin="25"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Openings:}}
+
<section begin="25"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the four openings'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>36</small>
 
| <small>36</small>
| {{red|Four Openings know;<br/>&emsp;Aim so you hit knowingly}}
+
| Know the four openings<br/>Take aim so that you strike wisely
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>37</small>
 
| <small>37</small>
| {{red|In all driving,<br/>&emsp;Without confusion for how he acts.}}
+
| Into any movement<br/>Without doubt however they are situated.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, whoever will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings whence one shall search the openings. First, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword. That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings boldly without any fear (with a hew or with a stab, to whichever you may best come on) and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith, you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the nearest opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, "Set-on four ends; Learn to remain thereon if you will end."<ref>Couplet 74.</ref><section end="25"/>
+
Gloss: Note whoever wishes to be a master of the sword, they shall know how one shall seek the openings with art, if they otherwise wish fence correctly and wisely. Above the girdle, the first opening is the right side, the second the left. Below the girdle the other two are the right and left sides. It follows that there are just two applications from which one may seek the openings. In the first one can seek them from the initiation of fencing by pursuing and by the shooting in of the long point. In the second, one shall seek them with the eight winds when one has bound the opponent against the sword. You shall understand it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, you shall boldly, without any fear, with a cut or a stab, target whichever one of the four openings that you may best get to. And do not heed whatever it is that they conduct or fence against you. By doing this, you constrain your opponent so that they must parry you. And when they have parried, then immediately seek the nearest opening again by winding against their sword in the act of parrying. Always target the openings of the opponent in this fashion and not to the sword like in the play here which says "Lodge against four regions, Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish"
 +
 
 +
(marginalia: with the shooting in of the long point and with pursuing, seek the openings)<section end="25"/>
  
<section begin="26"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss how one shall break the Four Openings:}}
+
<section begin="26"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of how one shall break the four openings.'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>38</small>
 
| <small>38</small>
| {{red|If you will reckon<br/>&emsp;The Four Openings artfully to break,}}
+
| If you wish arrange yourself<br/>To artfully break the four openings
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>39</small>
 
| <small>39</small>
| {{red|Above Double,<br/>&emsp;Below correctly Mutate.}}
+
| Double high<br/>Mutate down below
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>40</small>
 
| <small>40</small>
| {{red|I say to you truthfully,<br/>&emsp;No man protects himself without danger.}}
+
| I say to you truthfully<br/>No one defends themselves without danger
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>41</small>
 
| <small>41</small>
| {{red|If you have understood this,<br/>&emsp;To strikes may he seldom come.}}
+
| If you have understood this,<br/>They can scarcely come to blows, etc.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, when one earnestly hews in at you, if you will then reckon on him and win on the openings with art, so that he must let you strike without thinking, then drive the Doubling against the Strong of his sword, and the Mutating when he is Weak on the sword. So I say to you truthfully that he may not protect himself from strikes before you, and cannot come to strikes himself.<section end="26"/>
+
Gloss: Note when opponent cleaves in at you, if you then wish to set yourself up against them and secure the opening from them with art so that they must allow themselves to be struck without their consent, then conduct the doubling against the strong of their sword and conduct the mutating when they are weak against the sword. For I say to you truthfully, that when facing you they cannot protect themselves from strikes nor can they come to blows themselves.<section end="26"/>
  
<section begin="27"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark how you shall drive the Doubling to both sides:}}
+
<section begin="27"/>'''Here note how you shall conduct doubling to both sides'''<br/><br/>
  
Mark, when he hews above to you from his right shoulder: then hew also from your right with him, likewise above strongly to the head. If he parries and remains Strong on the sword, then drive up Meanwhile with your arms, and thrust your sword’s pommel with your left hand under your right arm, and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms, behind his sword’s blade on his head.<section end="27"/>
+
Note when they initiate a cut from their right shoulder, then also cleave in strongly from above with them at the same time from your right to their head. If they parry and stay strong against the sword, then 'Indes', rise up with your arms and thrust your sword's pommel under your right arm using your left hand and strike them on their head with the long edge and crossed arms and from behind their sword's blade.<section end="27"/>
  
<section begin="28"/>{{red|b=1|Another:}}
+
<section begin="28"/><br/>
  
Mark, if he hews you with the long edge in to your head from above his left shoulder, and you do likewise, if he then remains Strong on the sword again, then quickly drive up with your arms and strike in with the short edge, behind his sword’s blade on his head.<section end="28"/>
+
Note, if they cleave in from above to your head with their long edge and you do it back to them the same way, if they then stay strong against the sword, then immediately rise up with your arms and strike them on their head using your short edge and from behind their sword's blade.<section end="28"/>
  
<section begin="29"/>''Thus you have learned to bring your sword to the War and pass through it.''<section end="29"/>
+
<section begin="29"/>(marginalia: I have taught it and war with the sword and crossing under to the other side)<section end="29"/>
  
<section begin="30"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall drive the Mutating to both sides:}}
+
<section begin="30"/>'''Here note how one shall conduct the mutating to both sides'''
  
Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to his head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword, and drive up well with your arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening.<section end="30"/>
+
Note when you cleave in strongly from your right shoulder and they parry and are soft against your sword, then "wind" the short edge against their sword to your left side and rise up sufficiently with your arms and pass over their sword with your sword's blade and stab them in their lower opening.<section end="30"/>
  
<section begin="31"/>{{red|b=1|Another:}}
+
<section begin="31"/>'''Another'''
  
Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with your arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hews thereafter, as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.<section end="31"/>
+
Note when when you cleave in at their head up from your left side, if they parry and are soft against your sword, then rise up with your arms and hang your point down from up over their sword and stab them in their lower opening. You may also conduct these two plays from any attack from after the point you sense weak and strong against their sword.<section end="31"/>
  
<section begin="32"/>''These are the fencings with the sword, and embody the work that is exalted.''<section end="32"/>
+
<section begin="32"/>These are the trials of the sword and whoever wins them is worthy of praise.<section end="32"/>
  
<section begin="33"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Crooked Hew with its techniques:}}
+
<section begin="33"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the crooked cut with its plays'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>42</small>
 
| <small>42</small>
| {{red|Crooked on nimbly,<br/>&emsp;Throw the point on the hands.}}
+
| Crook up swiftly<br/>Throw the point onto the hands
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>43</small>
 
| <small>43</small>
| {{red|Whoever sets well Crooked<br/>&emsp;With steps injures many hews.}}
+
| Whoever waits well crooked<br/>Disrupts many cuts with stepping.
 
|}
 
|}
Mark, the Crooked hew is one of the Four Forfendings against the Four Guards, and breaks the guard that is called the Ox therewith, and also the Over-hew and the Under-hew. Drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before his head in guard of the Ox on his left side, then set your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder in the guard, and spring with your right foot well on your right side against him, and strike in with crossed arms<ref>Literally "from crossed arms".</ref> over his hands with the long edge.<section end="33"/>
+
Note the crooked cut is one of the four parries against the four guards because with them one breaks the guards that are called the ox here and also rising and descending cuts. Conduct it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand against you and hold their sword in front of their head in the guard of the ox on their left side, then advance your left foot and hold your sword in guard on your right shoulder and spring facing them well to your right side with your right foot and strike them across their hands with the long edge from crossed arms.<section end="33"/>
  
<section begin="34"/>{{red|b=1|Another:}}
+
<section begin="34"/>'''Another'''
  
Mark, you may also drive the Crooked hew from the Barrier-Guard on both sides, and in that guard position yourself thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before and hold your sword with the point near your right side on the earth (so that the long edge is above), and give an opening with the left side. If he then hews to the opening, then spring from the hew with your right foot well on your right side against him, and strike him with the long edge with crossed hands, with the point on his hands.<section end="34"/>
+
Note you can also conduct the crooked cut from the barrier guard on both sides. Take yourself into the guard like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword such that the long edge is above with your point on the ground by your right side and present yourself open with your left side. Then, if they cut into your opening, spring away from the cut, facing them, with the right foot well to your right side and from the long edge strike them with crossed hands on their hands with your point.<section end="34"/>
  
<section begin="35"/>{{red|b=1|''Of the Barrier-Guard''}}
+
<section begin="35"/>'''Item'''
  
Thus position yourself with the Barrier-Guard on your left side: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your right foot before and hold your sword near your left side on the earth with crossed hands (so that the short edge is above), and give an opening with the right side. If he then hews to the opening, then spring from the hew against him with your left foot well on his right side, and strike him with the short edge over the hands in the spring.<section end="35"/>
+
Take yourself to your left side with the barrier guard like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your right foot forwards and hold your sword upon the ground by your left side with crossed hands such that the short edge is up and present yourself open with your right side. Then if they cut into your opening, then spring away from the cut, facing them, with your left foot well to their right side and strike them in the spring with the short edge across their hands.<section end="35"/>
  
<section begin="36"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a good technique from the Crooked hew:}}
+
<section begin="36"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of a good play from the crooked cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>44</small>
 
| <small>44</small>
| {{red|Hew Crooked to the flat.<br/>&emsp;The Masters will you weaken.}}
+
| Cut crooked to the flats<br/>Of the masters if you wish to weaken them
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>45</small>
 
| <small>45</small>
| {{red|When it clashes above<br/>&emsp;Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
+
| When it sparks above<br/>Then dismount, that I will praise
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, you shall drive this technique against the Masters from the bind of the swords, and drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-Guard (or hold it on your right shoulder). If he then hews above to the opening, then hew strongly with your long edge with crossed arms against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then Wind Meanwhile against your left side with the short edge on his sword, and stab him to the face. Or, if you will not stab him, then hew him with your short edge Meanwhile, from the sword to his head or to his body.<section end="36"/>
+
Gloss: Note you shall conduct this play against the masters from the bind of the sword. Conduct it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then either lay down your sword to the right side into the barrier guard and stand with your left foot forwards or hold it on your right shoulder. Then if they cut at the opening from above, cut across their cut with your long edge from criss-crossed arms. And as soon as the swords spark together, then 'Indes', wind your short edge against their sword facing your left side and stab them in the face. Or if you don't want to thrust, then 'Indes', cut to their head or to their body with your short edge.<section end="36"/>
  
<section begin="37"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another from the Crooked-hew:}}
+
<section begin="37"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss of one from the crooked cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>46</small>
 
| <small>46</small>
| {{red|Crooked not, Short-hew.<br/>&emsp;Changing-through therewith show.}}
+
| Don't crook, short cut<br/>With that, look for the disengage.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is when he will hew you from above his right side: then drive high up with your hands and do as if you will bind him on his sword with the Crooked hew, and drive through under his sword with your point, and stab him to the other side, to his face or his breast, and see that you are well protected above with the hilt before your head. You also break the guard of the Ox with this technique, drive it thus: when you go to him with the pre-fencing, when he then stands against you and holds his sword with the hilt on his left side before his head, then throw your sword on your right shoulder and do as if you will bind him with the Crooked hew on his sword, and hew short and Change-through therewith below his sword, and shoot in the long point to the other side, under his sword, in to his neck. Then he must parry, and you come to strikes therewith, and to other work with the sword.<section end="37"/>
+
Gloss: Note this is for when the opponent cleaves in from their right side from above. So rise up with your hands high and act as if you wish to bind against their sword with the crooked cut and pass through below their sword with your point and stab them in the face or in the breast on the other side and take care that you are well covered with your hilt in front of your face. You can also break the guard of the ox with this play. Conduct it like this. When you go to them with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand facing you and hold their sword with their hilt in front of their head on their left side, then throw your sword on your right shoulder and act as if you wish to bind against their sword with the crooked cut and cut short and with that disengage below their sword and shoot your point in long to the other side under their sword into their throat so they must parry. With this you come to strikes and other work with the sword.
 +
 
 +
[Marginal note in a different hand:] against the ox
  
<section begin="38"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another technique from the Crooked hew:}}
+
[Marginal note in a different hand:] crooked cut w. Which breaks the guard of the ox<section end="37"/>
 +
 
 +
<section begin="38"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss of one of the plays from the crooked cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>47</small>
 
| <small>47</small>
| {{red|Crooked, who makes you astray,<br/>&emsp;The noble War confuses him,}}
+
| Crook whoever bewilders you<br/>The noble war bewilders them
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>48</small>
 
| <small>48</small>
| {{red|That he truthfully<br/>&emsp;Knows not where he is without danger.}}
+
| For they truthfully<br/>Do not know where they are without danger
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, when you will drive the Crooked hew then you must always therewith give openings, and undertake it thus: when you hew him with the Crooked hew from your right side, or bind on his sword, all the while you are open with the left side. Thus, if he is then clever and will hew you from the sword after the opening, and you will make him confused with agility, then remain with your sword on his, and follow his sword thereon after, and Wind in your point to his face, and work in before you with the War (that is, with the Winding to the openings). Then he becomes confused before you, so that he truthfully does not know which end he shall protect before you against hews or stabs, etc.<section end="38"/>
+
Gloss: Note whenever you conduct the crooked cut, you will always make yourself open with it. Look at it like this, when you cleave in or bind against their sword with the crooked cut from your right side, you are open on the left side during this. If they are also crafty and will cut from your sword to your opening and bewilder you with agility, then keep your sword against theirs and track their sword from there onward and wind your point into their face and continue to work with the war, that is, with the windings to the openings so that they become so baffled that they truthfully will not know which regions that they should shield themselves from your cuts and thrusts.<section end="38"/>
  
<section begin="39"/>{{red|b=1|Here begins the text and the gloss of the Thwart Hew with its techniques:}}
+
<section begin="39"/>'''Here begins the text and the gloss of the crosswise cut with its plays'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>49</small>
 
| <small>49</small>
| {{red|Thwart takes<br/>&emsp;What comes From the Day.}}
+
| The crosswise cut seizes<br/>Whatever arrives from the roof
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Thwart hew breaks the guard From the Day and all hews that come hewing down from above, and drive the Thwart thus: when you come with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then stands against you and holds his sword high over his head with outstretched arms and threatens to hew in at you from above, then come before him with your hew and spring with your right foot well on your right side against him, and in the spring Wind your sword with the hilt before your head so that your thumb comes under, and strike him with the short edge against his left side to the head.<section end="39"/>
+
Gloss: Note the crosswise cut breaks the roof guard and any cut that is hewn down from above. Conduct the crosswise cut like this, when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. Then if they stand facing you and hold their sword with outstretched arms high over their head and threaten to cleave in from above, come with your cut before they do and spring well to your right side with your right foot and in that spring, wind your sword with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb comes under and strike them with the short edge against their left side in the head<section end="39"/>
  
<section begin="40"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if he comes before with the hew down from above before you, then spring from the hew with your right foot well on your right side, with the parry described before, so that you catch his hew on your hilt and strike him with the Thwart to the left side of his head.<section end="40"/>
+
<section begin="40"/>Or if they come before you do with their cut down from above, then spring away from their cut with your right foot, well to your right side with the previously mentioned act of parrying so that you catch their cut in your hilt and strike them with the crosswise cut on the left side of their head<section end="40"/>
  
<section begin="41"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the break against the Thwart Hew:}}
+
<section begin="41"/>'''Here note the break against the crosswise cut'''
  
Mark, when you stand against him in the guard From the Day, then hew him boldly above to the head. If he then springs from the hew, and he means to come Before with the Thwart Hew and strike you therewith to your left side to the head, then fall in with the long edge on his sword. If he then strikes around to your other side with the Thwart, then come Meanwhile before, also with the Thwart, in front, under his sword, on his neck. So he strikes himself with your sword.<section end="41"/>
+
Note when you stand facing the opponent in the roof guard, boldly cleave in at their head from above. Then if they spring away from your cut and intend to arrive first with the crosswise cut and strike you with it on the left side of your head, fall upon their sword with your long edge. Then if they strike around to your other side with the crosswise cut, 'Indes' you go forth ahead of them under their sword and in front of yourself against their neck so that they slash themselves with your sword.<section end="41"/>
  
<section begin="A"/>{{dec|s|{{red|b=1|With this piece Master Berthold has sliced Master Hans Talhoffer in the hand and hit him on the head in Munich, in front of my Lord's Grace, Duke Albrecht.}}}}<ref>Translation by [[Dierk Hagedorn]].</ref><section end="A"/>
+
<section begin="A"/><section end="A"/>
  
<section begin="42"/>{{red|b=1|Note}}
+
<section begin="42"/><br/>
  
Mark, when a fencer has bound you on his sword, if he then strikes around from the sword with the Thwart to your other side, then fall in on his hands or on his arm with your long edge, and press his arm from you with your sword (with the slice with your all), and then strike him on his head with the sword (from the slice on his arm).<section end="42"/>
+
Note when you have bound the opponent against your sword, if they then strike from your sword around to the other side with the crosswise cut, then fall into their hands or upon their arms with your long edge and press their arms away from you with everything you've got with a slice, and from that slice of their arms strike them on their head with your sword.<section end="42"/>
  
<section begin="43"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the break against the Over-slice on the arm:}}
+
<section begin="43"/>'''Here note the break against the upper slice into the arm'''
  
Mark, when you strike him with the Thwart to his right side, if he then follows you with the slice on the arm, then strike him in his mouth with the Doubling, behind his sword’s blade with the short edge.<section end="43"/>
+
Note when you strike the opponent with the crosswise cut to their right side, if they then fall into your arm with a slice, then strike them in their mouth with your short edge from behind their sword's blade by doubling.<section end="43"/>
  
<section begin="44"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if you strike him with the Thwart to his left side, and he then follows you with the slice on your arm, then strike him in his mouth with the Doubling, behind his sword’s blade with the long edge.<section end="44"/>
+
<section begin="44"/><section end="44"/>
  
<section begin="45"/>Mark, break him thus against the Doubling: when you slice him above on his arm, if he then strikes above with the Doubling to your head, then drive up against the strike and Wind your sword under his, and drive in with the short edge, with your sword on his neck.<section end="45"/>
+
<section begin="45"/><section end="45"/>
  
<section begin="46"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a technique from the Thwart hew:}}
+
<section begin="46"/>'''Again, this is the text and the gloss of a play from the crosswise cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>50</small>
 
| <small>50</small>
| {{red|Thwart with the Strong,<br/>&emsp;Your work therewith mark.}}
+
| Cross with the strong<br/>Remember your work with it
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is when you will strike with the Thwart: then you shall strike him with the entire strength of your body, and always bind on his sword with the Strong of your sword, with which you win the opening. Undertake it thus: when you hew to him with the Thwart from your right side, if he then parries and binds strongly on your sword therewith,<ref>"and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Kraków.</reF> then drive the Doubling. {{red|b=1|Or}} thrust his sword off to the side from the Thwart with your hilt, and strike him therewith to the other side.<section end="46"/>
+
Gloss: Note when you wish to strike the crosswise cut, you shall strike with the entire strength of the body and you shall always bind against their sword with the strong of your sword. With that, you secure their opening. Look at it like this: When you make a crosswise cut from your right side, if they parry and bind strongly against your sword with it, then conduct the doubling or right from of crosswise cut, knock their sword off to the side with your hilt and strike them on the other side with it.<section end="46"/>
  
<section begin="47"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another:}}
+
<section begin="47"/>'''Yet another'''
  
When you strongly hew to him from your right side with the Thwart, if he then parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive in with the short edge of your sword to his right side on his neck, and spring with your right foot behind his left foot, and shove him over with the sword’s blade thus, or drive the Mutating in to the lower opening.<section end="47"/>
+
When you make a strong crosswise cut from your right side, if they parry and are soft against the sword, then either drive the short edge of your sword against their neck on their right side and spring behind their left foot with your right foot and drag them over it like this with your sword's blade or conduct the mutating into their lower opening.<section end="47"/>
  
<section begin="48"/>{{red|b=1|Thus break that:}}
+
<section begin="48"/>'''Break it like this'''
  
When one drives on your neck with the sword, then drive up with the pommel inside his sword and let your blade hang low, and thrust his sword therewith from your neck, and strike him with the snapping above to the head. Or strike him with your right hand above with the Doubling below to his face, over his sword, while he has his sword on your neck.<section end="48"/>
+
When the opponent drives their sword against your neck, rise up inside of their sword with your pommel and let your blade hang down and shove their sword away from your neck and strike in at their head from above by snapping. Or strike them by doubling with your right hand up over their sword and beneath their face while they have their sword against your neck.<section end="48"/>
  
<section begin="49"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Thwart strike to the Four Openings:}}
+
<section begin="49"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the crosswise strike to the four openings'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>51</small>
 
| <small>51</small>
| {{red|Thwart to the Plow,<br/>&emsp;To the Ox hard joined.}}
+
| Cross to the plow<br/>Yoke it hard to the ox
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>52</small>
 
| <small>52</small>
| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>&emsp;With springing, the head endanger.}}
+
| Whoever crosses themselves well<br/>Threatens the head by spinging
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, you have heard before how the Ox and the Plow are named two Leaguers (or two guards), so are they here called the Four Openings. The Ox is the upper two openings on the right and the left sides of the head, and so is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side of the lower half of the girdle of the man. You shall strike the same openings with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, and seek all four.<section end="49"/>
+
Gloss: Note you have heard before that the ox and the plow are either two positions or two guards, but here they indicate the four openings. The ox, which are the upper two openings, the right and the left side of the head and the plow which are the two lower, the right and the left side below the belt of the opponent. You shall turn to each of these four openings with the crosswise strike in one sortie.<ref>lit: zufechten</ref><section end="49"/>
 
 
<section begin="50"/>{{red|b=1|Mark, thus strike the Thwart strike to the Four Openings:}}
 
  
Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing then stand with your left foot before, and then, when you are near him, spring well on his left side with your right foot against him, and strike the Thwart with vigor against his left side to the lower opening. That is called "striking to the Plow". If he parries, then strike him quickly to the upper opening on his right side. That is called "[striking] to the Ox". And then drive the Thwart strikes quickly, always one to the Ox and the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, that is to the head and to the body.<section end="50"/>
+
<section begin="50"/><section end="50"/>
  
<section begin="51"/>{{red|b=1|Also you shall}} always think to spring out wide on the side against him with each Thwart strike: so may you hit well to his head, and see also that you are well guarded above with the hilt before your head.<section end="51"/>
+
<section begin="51"/>You should also remember that in broad terms, you should always spring out off to one side facing the opponent with each and every crosswise strike so that you can fully connect to the head and take care that you are fully covered the entire time with your hilt up in front of your head.<section end="51"/>
  
<section begin="52"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark a break against the lower Thwart strike:}}
+
<section begin="52"/>'''Here note a break against the lower crosswise strikes'''
  
Mark, when he strikes you above to your head with the Thwart (from his right side to your left), then parry with the long edge and remain with the point before his breast. If he then strikes around with the Thwart, from the sword to the lower opening on your right side, then strike also with the Thwart below through (between you and him), also against his right side, and bind therewith on his sword, and remain in the bind and stab him Meanwhile to the lower opening.<section end="52"/>
+
Note when the opponent strikes at your head with the crosswise from their right side to your left side, parry with the long edge and keep your point in front of their breast. Then if they strike around from your sword to your lower right opening using the crosswise strike, then you also make a crosswise strike down through between you and them also against their right side and with that bind against their sword and staying in the bind, stab them 'Indes' in the lower opening<section end="52"/>
  
<section begin="53"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the technique that is called the Failer:}}
+
<section begin="53"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of a play that is called the failer'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>53</small>
 
| <small>53</small>
| {{red|Failer misleads.<br/>&emsp;Hit from below after your wish.}}
+
| The failer misleads<br/>It wounds according to desire from below
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: The Failer is a technique which many fencers plan and hit with as they wish, and strike those who like parrying and who fence to the sword (and not to the openings of the body).<section end="53"/>
+
Gloss: The failer is a play whereby many fencers that like to parry and also those that fence to the sword and not to the openings become deceived and wounded according to desire and and are beaten.<section end="53"/>
  
<section begin="54"/>Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then do as if you will strike him with a free Over-hew to the head, but pull the hew and strike him with the Thwart to the lower opening of his left or his right side (to whichever you want), and see that you are well-guarded with the hilt over your head. You may also drive this thus with the Thwart-hew.<section end="54"/>
+
<section begin="54"/>Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, act as if you will strike at their head with a free descending cut and suddenly withdraw the cut and strike at the lower openings of their left or right side, whichever you wish, with the crosswise strike. And take care that you are fully covered by your hilt over your head. You can also conduct crosswise cut like this.<section end="54"/>
  
<section begin="55"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the technique that is called the Inverter:}}
+
<section begin="55"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of a play that is here called the inverter'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>54</small>
 
| <small>54</small>
| {{red|Inverter forces<br/>&emsp;Running through, also with wrestling.}}
+
| The inverter constrains.<br/>The one who rushes through also wrestles with it.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>55</small>
 
| <small>55</small>
| {{red|The elbow knowingly take;<br/>&emsp;Spring into the balance.}}
+
| Take the elbow surely<br/>Spring into their stance.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Inverter is called "the half-hew" or "the turned-hand" by fencers. Therewith one forces the man, so that he may Run-through him and grasp him with wrestling.<section end="55"/>
+
Gloss: Note the inverter is called the halfcut or the hand-turner. With it, one constrains the opponent so that you can rush through and capture with wrestling.<section end="55"/>
  
<section begin="56"/>{{red|b=1|Drive that thus:}}
+
<section begin="56"/>'''Conduct it like this:'''
  
When you go to him with the pre-fencing, then go with your left foot before, and hew the half-hew with inverted long edge from the right side, each and every, up and down, still with your left foot. When you have come to him, and as quickly as you bind on his sword, then Meanwhile hang the point in above and stab in to his face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with his arms, then Run-through him. Or if he remains low with his hands in the parrying, then grip his right elbow with your left hand and hold him fast therewith, and spring with your left foot before his right and thrust him thus over the foot.<section end="56"/>
+
When you go toward the opponent with the initiation of fencing, go with the left foot forwards and hew the halfcut from the right side with an inverted long edge over and over, up and down in time with your left foot until you arrive at the opponent. And as soon as you bind against their sword with it, then 'Indes' hang your point inward from above and stab them in the face. If they parry the thrust and rise up high with there arms, then rush through. Or if they remain with their hands low with their act of parrying, then seize their right elbow with your left hand and hold them firmly and spring in front of their right with your left foot and shove them over your foot like this.<section end="56"/>
  
<section begin="57"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if you will not thrust him over the foot by the elbow with your left hand (as the fore-described states), then drive in with your left arm behind around his body, and throw him before you over your left hip.<section end="57"/>
+
<section begin="57"/>Or if you do not wish to shove them over your foot by the elbow with your left hand as was written above, then pass your left hand back around their body and throw them in front of you across your left hip.<section end="57"/>
  
<section begin="58"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another Failer:}}
+
<section begin="58"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss about the failer'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>56</small>
 
| <small>56</small>
| {{red|Failer twofold,<br/>&emsp;Hit him, then make with the slice.}}
+
| The failer doubles.<br/>If they make contact, make the slice with it.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>57</small>
 
| <small>57</small>
| {{red|Twofold it proceeds,<br/>&emsp;Step in left and be not lax.}}
+
| Double it further<br/>Step in left and do not be lazy
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is called the twofold Failer, drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder, and when he is even to you, then spring well against him with your right foot on his left side, and do as if you would hew him with a free Thwart-strike to the left side of his head, but pull the hew before it hits, and spring with your left foot on his right side, and strike there to his head. If he parries and you hit his sword, then spring over to the same side near him, and slice him in his mouth with the short edge, behind his sword with the Doubling.<section end="58"/>
+
Gloss: Note this is called the double failer. Conduct it like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. When it is suitable to you, spring full on toward them with your right foot over to their left side and act as if you would strike them with a free crosswise strike at their head to their left side and suddenly withdraw the strike and spring to their right side with your left foot and strike them from there out into their head. If they parry and you hit their sword, then spring out off next to them on the same side and slice them in their mouth with the short edge from behind their sword by doubling.<section end="58"/>
  
<section begin="59"/>{{red|b=1|Or}} fall in with your sword over both arms with the slice.Also, you may thus drive the Failer as well from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike, when you are even (or when you want).<section end="59"/>
+
<section begin="59"/>Or fall into the slice with your sword across both their arms. In the same way, you can also successfully conduct the failer from descending cuts just like from the crosswise strikes whenever it is available to you or whenever you wish.<section end="59"/>
  
<section begin="60"/>{{red|b=1|Here begins the Squint-hew with its techniques:}}
+
<section begin="60"/>'''Here begins the cockeyed cut with it's plays'''
  
{{red|b=1|Text}}
+
<br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>58</small>
 
| <small>58</small>
| {{red|Squinter breaks<br/>&emsp;What the Buffalo strikes or stabs.}}
+
| The cockeyed cut breaks into<br/>Whatever the buffalo cuts or thrusts
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>59</small>
 
| <small>59</small>
| {{red|Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;Squinter robs him therefrom.}}
+
| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>The cockeyed cut robs them of it.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Squinter<ref>Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.</ref> breaks the guard that is called the Plow, and is a good, strange, and serious hew when it breaks with force one who is hewing in or stabbing in, and it goes with inverted sword. There are many Masters of the Sword around that know nothing to say of this hew.<section end="60"/>
+
Gloss: Note the cockeyed cut breaks the guard here called the plow and is a good, strange and grim cut because it breaks into cuts and into thrusts with violence and goes forth with an inverted sword. This is why many masters of the sword have nothing to say about this cut.<section end="60"/>
  
<section begin="61"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall do the Squinter-hew:}}
+
<section begin="61"/>'''Here note how one shall conduct the cockeyed cut'''
  
Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then hews above in to your head, then turn your sword and hew long against his hew with the short edge, over his sword with stretched arms above in to his head. If he is then clever and Fails with the hew, and will Change-through below your sword, then let the point shoot in long before you with the hew, so he may not Change-through below.<section end="61"/>
+
Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. Then if they cleave in at the head from above, twist your sword and hew against their cut up over their sword at their head with your short edge, long with extended arms. Then if they are also cunning and aborts during the cut of your sword and will disengage below, let the point shoot in forward and long during the cut so that they cannot disengage below.<section end="61"/>
  
<section begin="62"/>{{red|b=1|Another:}}
+
<section begin="62"/>'''Another'''
  
When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and will stab below to you, then hew him long in above with the Squinter, and shoot the point long in to the breast, so may he not reach you below with the stab.<section end="62"/>
+
When you stand facing the opponent holding your sword on your right shoulder, if they then stand facing you in the guard of the plow and will initiate a thrust from below, cleave in with the cockeyed cut long from above and shoot in the point long into their breast so they cannot reach you below with their thrust.<section end="62"/>
  
<section begin="63"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Squinter:}}<br/><br/>
+
<section begin="63"/>'''This is the text and the gloss on a lesson from the cockeyed cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>60</small>
 
| <small>60</small>
| {{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>&emsp;Changing-through defeats him.}}
+
| Cock an eye. If they short change you,<br/>Disengaging defeats them.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark this lesson, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, so shall you Squint with the face and see if he fences short against you. You shall perceive if, when he then hews to you, he stretches the arms not long from him with the hew; so is his sword shortened.<section end="63"/>
+
Gloss: Note this lesson. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, you shall sneak a glance and see whether they fence short against you. You can recognize this whenever they initiate a cut and do not extend their arms out away from themselves while cutting. Thus their sword is shortened.<section end="63"/>
  
<section begin="64"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if you lie before him in the guard of the Fool, if he will then fall Crooked thereon with the sword, so is his sword but shortened.<section end="64"/>
+
<section begin="64"/>Or if you lie in the guard of the fool and they will then fall upon you with their sword crooked, their sword is again shortened.<section end="64"/>
  
<section begin="65"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if he lies against you in the guard of the Ox or the Plow, so is his sword but shortened. Also know that all Winds with the sword before the man are short and shorten the sword, and whatever fencer drives the Winding thus, then freely Change through from hews and from stabs, and shoot in the long point therewith into the nearest opening. Therewith you force him so that he must parry, and so you come to your correct work.<section end="65"/>
+
<section begin="65"/>Or if they move themselves against you into the guard of the ox or the plow, their sword is again shortened. Also know that all windings of the sword ahead of the opponent are short and withdraw the sword. And against whichever fencers that conduct the windings in this way, freely disengage from your cuts and thrusts and shoot in the long point to the closest opening from this, thereby pressuring them so that they must parry and you come to your proper work.<section end="65"/>
  
<section begin="66"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks the Long Point with the Squinter:}}
+
<section begin="66"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks long point with the cockeyed cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>61</small>
 
| <small>61</small>
| {{red|Squint to the point,<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.}}
+
| Cock an eye at the point<br/>And take the neck without fear
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds the Long Point against your face or breast, then hold your sword on the right shoulder and squint with your face to the point, and do as if you will hew him there, but then hew strongly with the Squinter, with the short edge on his sword, and shoot in the long point to the neck therewith (with a step to of the right foot).<section end="66"/>
+
Gloss: Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand facing you and hold the long point toward your face or breast, hold your sword on your right shoulder and focus your gaze on their point and act as if you will strike at it and cut strongly against their sword with your short edge using the cockeyed cut. And with that, shoot in your point into their neck using an entrance of your right foot.<section end="66"/>
  
<section begin="67"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a technique from the Squint Hew:}}
+
<section begin="67"/>'''This is again the text and the gloss of a play from the cockeyed cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>62</small>
 
| <small>62</small>
| {{red|Squint to the upper<br/>&emsp;Head, hands will you harm.}}
+
| Cock an eye at the top of the head<br/>If you wish to ruin the hands
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is another break when he stands against you in the Long Point. Squint with your face to his head, and do as if you will strike him thereon, but strike him with the Squint-hew with the point on his hands.<section end="67"/>
+
Gloss: Note this is another break for when your opponent stands in the long point facing you. Focus your gaze upon their head and act as if you will strike them there and strike them on their hands with your point from the cockeyed cut.<section end="67"/>
  
<section begin="68"/>{{red|b=1|Here begins the text and the gloss of the Parting-Hew:}}<br/><br/>
+
<section begin="68"/>'''Here begins the text and the gloss of the part cut'''<br/><br/>
  
{{red|b=1|Text}}
+
<br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>63</small>
 
| <small>63</small>
| {{red|The Parter<br/>&emsp;Is dangerous to the face.}}
+
| The part cut<br/>Is a threat to the face
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>64</small>
 
| <small>64</small>
| {{red|With its turn<br/>&emsp;Very dangerous to the breast.}}
+
| With it's turn<br/>The breast is yet endangered.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>65</small>
 
| <small>65</small>
| {{red|What comes from him,<br/>&emsp;The Crown takes that off.}}
+
| Whatever comes from them<br/>The crown removes.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>66</small>
 
| <small>66</small>
| {{red|Slice through the Crown,<br/>&emsp;So yet you break hard.}}
+
| Slice through the crown<br/>So that you break it beautifully and hard
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>67</small>
 
| <small>67</small>
| {{red|Press the strike,<br/>&emsp;With slicing you pull off.}}
+
| Press the sweeps<br/>By slicing withdraw it
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Parter breaks the guard that is called Fool, and, with its turn, is very dangerous to the face and the breast.<section end="68"/>
+
Gloss: Note the part cut breaks the guard that is here called the fool and to that end, it is quite dangerous to the face and with it's turn, the breast.<section end="68"/>
  
<section begin="69"/>{{red|b=1|That drive thus:}}
+
<section begin="69"/>'''Conduct it like this'''
  
When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then lies against you in the guard Fool, then set your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder in the guard, and spring to him, and hew strongly down from above with the long edge to his head. If he then parries the hew so that his point and hilt both stand over him, that is called the Crown. Then remain high with your arms, and with your left hand lift your sword’s pommel over you, and sink the point in over his hilt to his breast. If he then drives up with his sword and thrusts your point upwards with his hilt, then Wind your sword through under his Crown with the slice in his arms and press. Thus is the Crown again broken, and with the pressing slice fast in the arms, and then pull yourself off with the slice.<section end="69"/>
+
When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then move themselves against you into the guard of the fool, advance your left foot and hold your sword on your right shoulder in guard and spring into them and cut down from above at their head strongly with the long edge. Then if they parry the cut such that their point and their hilt both stand up (this is called the crown), remain high with your arms and lift your sword's pommel upwards with your left hand and sink your point over their hilt and into their breast. Then if they rise up with their sword and shove your point upwards with their hilt, then wind your sword through under their crown into their arm using the slice and press. Like this, the crown is again broken. And with the pressing, slice firmly into their arms and withdraw yourself during the slice.<section end="69"/>
  
<section begin="70"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss on the Four Leaguers:}}
+
<section begin="70"/>'''This is the text and the gloss about the four positions'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>68</small>
 
| <small>68</small>
| {{red|Four Leaguers alone<br/>&emsp;Therefrom hold, and curse the common.}}
+
| Four positions alone<br/>Defend from those and eschew the common
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>69</small>
 
| <small>69</small>
| {{red|Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>&emsp;From the Day, are not unpleasant to you.}}
+
| Ox, plow, fool,<br/>From-the-roof are not contemptible to you
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark the Four Leaguers, that is, the Four Guards from which you shall fence.<section end="70"/>
+
Gloss: Note the four positions. These are the four guards that you shall fence from.<section end="70"/>
  
<section begin="71"/>{{red|b=1|[This is the first guard:]}}
+
<section begin="71"/><br/>
  
The first guard is called the Ox, position yourself thus with it: stand with your left foot before and hold your sword near your right side, with the hilt before your head so that your thumb is under the sword, and hang the point in against his face.<section end="71"/>
+
The first guard is called the ox. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword next to your right side with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb is underneath your sword and hang your point toward their face.<section end="71"/>
  
<section begin="72"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}, on the left side position yourself thus in the Ox: stand with your right foot before and hold your sword near your left side, with the hilt before your head so that your thumb is below, and hang the point in against his face. That is the Ox on both sides.<section end="72"/>
+
<section begin="72"/>Note, Put yourself in ox on the left like this: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword by your left side with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb is underneath your sword and hang your point toward their face. This is the ox on both sides.<section end="72"/>
  
<section begin="73"/>{{red|b=1|This is the second guard:}}
+
<section begin="73"/>'''This is the second guard'''
  
Mark, the other guard is called the Plow, there position yourself thus with it: stand with your left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands, with the pommel below you near your right side on your hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands in against his face.<section end="73"/>
+
Note that the second guard is called the plow. Put yourself together like this here: Set up with the left foot forwards and hold your sword with crossed hands with the pommel down by your right side at the hip such that the short edge is above and your point against their face.<section end="73"/>
  
<section begin="74"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}, on the left side position yourself thus in the Plow: stand with your right foot before and hold your sword near your left side, with the pommel below you on your hip, so that the long edge is above and the point stands in against the face. That is the Plow on both sides.<section end="74"/>
+
<section begin="74"/>Note. Put yourself in plow on the left side like this: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword by your right side with the pommel low at the hip such that the long edge is above and your point is in line with their face. This is the plow on both sides.<section end="74"/>
  
<section begin="75"/>{{red|b=1|This is the third guard:}}
+
<section begin="75"/>'''This is the third guard'''
  
Mark, position yourself thus in the guard called Fool: stand with your right foot before and hold your sword with stretched arms before you, with the point on the earth so that the short edge is turned above.<section end="75"/>
+
Note the third guard is called the fool. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword in front of you with extended arms with the point upon the ground with your short edge turned upwards<section end="75"/>
  
<section begin="76"/>{{Red|b=1|This is the fourth guard:}}
+
<section begin="76"/>'''This is the fourth guard'''
  
Mark, the guard is called From the Day, therein position yourself thus: stand with your left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder, or with up-stretched arms high over your head, and stand thus in the guard.<section end="76"/>
+
Note the fourth guard is called roof guard. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder or with upstretched arms high over your head and stand in guard like this.<section end="76"/>
  
<section begin="77"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Forfendings:}}
+
<section begin="77"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the four parries'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>70</small>
 
| <small>70</small>
| {{red|Four are the Forfendings<br/>&emsp;That also sorely injure the Leaguers.}}
+
| Four are the parries<br/>Which also severely disrupt the positions
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, you have heard before that there are Four Guards. So you shall now also know the Four Forfendings that break the same Four Guards. Also hear that the Forfendings are nothing more than breaking with four hews.<section end="77"/>
+
Gloss: Note you have heard before that there are four guards. You shall also know this about the four parries: they break these same four guards. Furthermore, there is no actual parrying is called for in these, because the four parries are four cuts that break them.<section end="77"/>
  
<section begin="78"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}, the first hew is the '''Crooked-hew''', which breaks the guard that is called the Ox.<section end="78"/>
+
<section begin="78"/>Note the first cut is the crooked cut which breaks the guard that here is called the ox.<section end="78"/>
  
<section begin="79"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}} the second hew, that is, the '''Thwart-hew''', which breaks the guard From the Day.<section end="79"/>
+
<section begin="79"/>Note the second cut. This is the crosswise cut which breaks the roof guard<section end="79"/>
  
<section begin="80"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}} the third hew, that is, the '''Squinter''', which breaks the guard that is called the Plow.<section end="80"/>
+
<section begin="80"/>Note the third cut. This is the cockeyed cut which breaks the guard that here is called the plow<section end="80"/>
  
<section begin="81"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}} the fourth hew, that is, the '''Parter''', which breaks the guard that is called the Fool.<section end="81"/>
+
<section begin="81"/>Note the fourth cut. This is the part cut which breaks the guard that here is called the fool<section end="81"/>
  
<section begin="82"/>And you shall find how you shall break the four guards with the hews before, in the descriptions of the same hews.<section end="82"/>
+
<section begin="82"/>And how you should break the four guards with the cuts shall be found written previously in these same cuts.<section end="82"/>
  
<section begin="83"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss that one shall not parry:}}
+
<section begin="83"/>'''This is the text and the gloss about how one shall not parry'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>71</small>
 
| <small>71</small>
| {{red|Guard yourself against parrying.<br/>&emsp;If that happens it also sorely troubles you.}}
+
| Guard yourself from parrying<br/>If this happens, it also severely beleaguers you.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is that you shall not parry as the common fencers do: when they parry they hold their points high or to the side, and that is to understand that they do not know to seek the Four Openings<ref>"the Four Openings" omitted from the Kraków.</ref> with the point with their parrying, therefore they often become struck. When you will parry, then parry with your hew or with your stab, and seek Meanwhile the nearest opening with the point; so may no Master strike at you without being injured.<section end="83"/>
+
Gloss. Note this is about how one shall not parry like the common fencers do. When they parry, they keep their point up in the air or to one side. This shows that they do not know to seek the four openings in the act of parrying. Therefore, they often become struck. But when you parry, parry with your cut or with your thrust and 'Indes' seek the nearest opening with the point so no master can strike you without their own harm.<section end="83"/>
  
<section begin="84"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on what you shall drive against him when one has parried you:}}
+
<section begin="84"/>'''This is the text and the gloss about when someone has parried you and what you should conduct against that.'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>72</small>
 
| <small>72</small>
| {{red|If you are parried,<br/>&emsp;And how that there comes,}}
+
| If you are parried<br/>And as that is arriving
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>73</small>
 
| <small>73</small>
| {{red|Hear what I teach you:<br/>&emsp;Wrench off, hew quickly with threat.}}
+
| Heed what I advise:<br/>Break loose, cut quickly with violence.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is when one has parried you and will not withdraw from your sword, and means to not let you come to techniques: then wrench with your sword upwards on his sword’s blade, as if you would take off from his sword above, but remain on his sword and hew him, striking in with the long edge on his blade again, into his head.<section end="84"/>
+
Gloss. Note this is about when someone has parried you and will not withdraw themselves from your sword and intends to not allow you to come to any plays. In this case, rise up on their sword's blade with your sword as if you would abscond from their sword, but stay against their sword and cut back in against their blade directly at their head using your long edge.<section end="84"/>
  
<section begin="85"/> {{blue|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Settings-on:}}
+
<section begin="85"/>'''This is the text and the gloss about the four lodgings'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>74</small>
 
| <small>74</small>
| {{red|Set-on four ends;<br/>&emsp;Learn to remain thereon if you will end.}}
+
| Lodge against four regions<br/>Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, there are Four Settings-on that you hear you shall drive in earnest when you will quickly strike or injure him. Drive them thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then lie with your sword in the guard of the Ox or the Plow. If he will then hew above or stab below, then mark while he lifts up his sword and will strike, or pulls it to himself below and will stab, and then come Before and shoot the long point into the nearest opening before he brings ahead his hew or stab, and see if you may Set-on him. Likewise do that also when he hews to you with Under-hews: then shoot the point in before he comes up with the hew from below, and drive that to both sides. If he then becomes aware of the Setting-on, then remain with your sword on his and work in nimbly to the nearest opening.<section end="85"/>
+
Gloss. Note there are four lodgings that are called for in earnest combat. You shall conduct them when you wish to immediately slay or injure your opponent. Conduct them like this: When you initiate fencing with the opponent with your sword, move yourself with your sword into the guard of the ox or the guard of the plow. If they will then cleave in from above or initiate a thrust from below, note during the moment when they lift up their sword and will strike or will draw down toward themselves to thrust at you, that you go first and shoot in the long point to their nearest opening before they bring forth their cut or thrust and see if you can lodge against them. Do the same thing when they initiate an rising cut. When this happens, shoot in the point the moment before they go up with their rising cut. Conduct this to both sides. Then if they become aware of the lodging against, keep your sword against theirs and swiftly work to the nearest opening<section end="85"/>
  
<section begin="86"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Travelling-after:}}
+
<section begin="86"/>'''This is the text and the gloss of the pursuing'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>75</small>
 
| <small>75</small>
| {{red|Travelling-after learn<br/>&emsp;Twofold, or slice in the weapon.}}
+
| Learn to pursue<br/>Double or slice into the weapon
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>76</small>
 
| <small>76</small>
| {{red|Two Outside Conducts,<br/>&emsp;The work thereafter begins.}}
+
| Two enticements to the outside<br/>The work begins thereafter
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>77</small>
 
| <small>77</small>
| {{red|And prove the drivings,<br/>&emsp;If they are Soft or Hard.}}
+
| And gauge the application<br/>Whether they are soft or hard
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Travelling-afters are many and multiple, and pertain to driving from hews and stabs with great prudence against the fencers that fence with free and long hews (and otherwise do not hold well to the correct Art of the Sword).<section end="86"/>
+
Gloss. Note pursuing is diverse and varied and is required to be conducted with great caution from cuts and thrusts against the fencers that fight from free and lengthy cuts or will not otherwise keep to the proper art of the sword.<section end="86"/>
  
<section begin="87"/>{{red|b=1|Drive the Travelling-after thus:}}
+
<section begin="87"/>'''Conduct pursuing like this'''
  
When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before in the guard From the Day, and see well how he will fence against you. If he then hews long above in to you, then watch so that he does not reach you, and mark while his sword goes under you against the earth with the hew. Then spring to with your right foot and hew him above into the head before he comes up again with the sword; so is he struck.<section end="87"/>
+
When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards in the roof guard and watch quite attentively to what they fence against you. If they cleave in long from above, take heed that they do not reach you with their cut and not during the cut when their sword goes toward the ground, then spring in with your right foot, cleave in at their head from above before they can come up with their sword so that they are stricken.<section end="87"/>
  
<section begin="88"/>{{red|b=1|This technique described hereafter<ref>K. "The Following Technique".</ref> is called the Outside Conduct:}}
+
<section begin="88"/>'''The play written hereafter is called enticement to the outside'''
  
Mark, when he fore-hews you, and you Travel-after him with the hew to the opening, if he then drives up quickly with the sword and comes below you on your sword, then remain strong thereon. If he then heaves fast upwards with the sword, then spring with your left foot behind his right and strike him with the Thwart (or otherwise to his head on his right side), and work quickly again around to his left side with the Doubling (or otherwise with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Soft or Hard on the sword).<section end="88"/>
+
Note when the opponent misses their attack and you pursue into the opening with their cut, if they then rise up with their sword and come against your sword from below, remain strong upon it. Then if they firmly lift your sword upwards with theirs, spring behind their right foot with your left and strike them on the right side of their head with the crosswise cut or whatever, immediately working back around to their left side or otherwise with other plays thereafter, as you sense whether they are soft or hard at the sword.<section end="88"/>
  
<section begin="89"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark a good Travelling-after on the sword from Under-hewing:}}
+
<section begin="89"/>'''Here note a good pursuing at the sword from rising cuts'''<br/><br/>
  
Mark, when you fence against him from Under-hewing, or from the slashing, or lie against him in the guard that is called Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain thus with your sword below on his and heave upwards. If he then Winds on the sword with the point into your face or breast, then do not let him off from the sword, and follow him thereafter, and work in with the point to the nearest opening. Or, if he strikes around from the sword, then follow him or Travel-after with the point as before.<section end="89"/>
+
Note when you fence against your opponent from rising cuts or from the sweeps or lay against them in the guard that is here called the fool. Then if they fall upon your sword with theirs before you can come upwards with something, stay against their sword like this with yours below and lift upwards. Then if they wind in their point into your face or breast while on your sword, do not let them get away from your sword and adhering to it and work with your point to their nearest opening. But if they strike around away from your sword then either follow behind or pursue them again with your point like before.<section end="89"/>
  
<section begin="90"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}, you shall travel after him from all hews and from all guards<ref>"from all" omitted from the Kraków.</ref> as quickly as you can when he fore-hews from you or opens himself with the sword. And see that afterward you do not open yourself nor fore-hew with the Travelling-after, and mark that to both sides.<section end="90"/>
+
<section begin="90"/>Note you shall pursue them from all cuts and from all guards as soon as you recognize when they miss their attack or they open themselves with their sword. But take care that you neither open yourself up nor miss your attack with your pursuing. Note this on both sides.<section end="90"/>
  
<section begin="91"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Feeling and of the word that is called "Meanwhile":}}
+
<section begin="91"/>'''Precisely note here the text and the gloss about feeling and about the word that is here called Indes.'''
  
{{red|b=1|Text}}
+
<br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>78</small>
 
| <small>78</small>
| {{red|Learn the Feeling.<br/>&emsp;"Meanwhile", that word slices sorely.}}
+
| Learn to feel<br/>Indes, this word cuts sharply
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Feeling and the word "Meanwhile" are the greatest and the best art with the sword, and who is a Master of the Sword (or wants to be), if he cannot understand the Feeling and the word "Meanwhile", then is he not a Master, but he is a Buffalo of the Sword. Therefore you shall, before all things, learn well these two things so that you understand them rightly.<section end="91"/>
+
Gloss. Note that feeling and the word 'Indes' are the greatest and the best arts of the sword and whoever is or wishes to be a master of the sword yet cannot feel and cannot perceive the term 'Indes' in it, they are in fact not a master, rather they are a buffalo of the sword. Therefore you shall quite fully study the two things for all situations so that you correctly comprehend it.<section end="91"/>
  
<section begin="92"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the lesson of the Feeling and of the word that is called "Meanwhile":}}
+
<section begin="92"/>'''Here note the lesson about feeling and about the word that is called Indes'''
  
Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, and bind one another on the sword, then, as the swords clash together, you shall Feel with the hand simultaneously if he has bound Soft or Hard on you, and as quickly as you have found out, then think of the word "Meanwhile": that is, that simultaneously as you find the same, you shall nimbly work on the sword so he is struck before he becomes aware of it.<section end="92"/>
+
Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing and one binds the other on the sword, in this, immediately feel as the swords clash together whether they have bound on soft or hard and as soon as you have sensed this, then reflect on the Indes. This means that you shall work swiftly at the sword within that perception before the opponent comes to their senses.<section end="92"/>
  
<section begin="93"/>{{red|b=1|Here you shall mark…}}
+
<section begin="93"/>'''Here you shall note'''
  
That the Feeling and the word "Meanwhile" are one thing, and one may not be without the other, and undertake it thus: when you bind on his sword, then you must Feel with the hand (with the word "Meanwhile") if he is but Soft or Hard on the sword, and when you have Felt, then you must but work Meanwhile after the Soft and after the Hard on the sword; thus are they both naught than one thing. And the word "Meanwhile" is in all techniques previously, and that undertake thus:  
+
That feeling and the word Indes are one thing, for one cannot be without the other. Look at it like this: When you bind against their sword, you must immediately feel whether they are soft or hard at the sword using the word Indes. And when you have felt that, then you must work 'Indes' according to the soft and according to the hard. Like this, they are nothing but one thing. And the word Indes, this is for all plays from beginning to end. Look at it like this:<br/><br/>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| "Meanwhile" Doubles,<br/>&emsp;"Meanwhile" Mutates,
+
| Indes doubles,<br/>Indes mutates,
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| "Meanwhile" Changes through,<br/>&emsp;"Meanwhile" Runs through,
+
| Indes disengages,<br/>Indes rushes through,
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| "Meanwhile" takes the slice,<br/>&emsp;"Meanwhile" wrestles with,<ref>"with" omitted from the Kraków.</ref>
+
| Indes takes the slice,<br/>Indes wrestles with,
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| "Meanwhile" takes the sword;<br/>&emsp;"Meanwhile" does what your heart desires.
+
| Indes takes the sword,<br/>Indes does what your heart desires.
 
|}
 
|}
"Meanwhile": that is a sharp word wherewith all Masters of the Sword who know not to name this word become sliced. That is the key of the Art.<section end="93"/>
+
Indes, this is a sharp word. With it, all masters of the sword that neither know nor understand it will be carved up. This is the key of the art.<section end="93"/>
  
<section begin="94"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of yet a Travelling-after:}}
+
<section begin="94"/>'''Here again note the text and the gloss about pursuing'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>79</small>
 
| <small>79</small>
| {{red|Travel-after twofold.<br/>&emsp;One hits, make with the Ancient Slice.}}
+
| Pursuing twice,<br/>If one hits, make the old slice with it.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is that you shall drive the Travelling-after to both sides and you shall not forget the slice there. Undertake it thus: when he fore-hews in front of you (be it from the right or from the left side), then hew in boldly After to the opening. If he then drives up and binds below you on the sword, then mark as quickly as the swords clash on each other, and then slice him Meanwhile after his neck, or fall in with the long edge on his arms and slice fast.<section end="94"/>
+
Gloss. Note this is about how you shall not forget to conduct the pursuing to both sides nor the slices therein. Look at it like this: When the opponent misses their attack before you, be it from the right or from the left side, boldly cut into the opening and follow them closely. Then if they rise up and bind against your sword from below, then note as soon as one sword clashes onto the other and then 'Indes', continue with a slice towards their neck or fall upon their arms with your long edge and slice firmly.<section end="94"/>
  
<section begin="95"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Over-running:}}
+
<section begin="95"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the overrunning'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>80</small>
 
| <small>80</small>
| {{red|Whoever aims below,<br/>&emsp;Over-run, then he becomes ashamed.}}
+
| Whoever takes aim from below<br/>Overrun, then they will be shamed.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>81</small>
 
| <small>81</small>
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>&emsp;Then strengthen, that I praise.}}
+
| When it clashes above,<br/>Strengthen, This I wish to praise.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>82</small>
 
| <small>82</small>
| {{red|Your work make,<br/>&emsp;Or press hard twofold.}}
+
| Make your work<br/>Or press hard twice.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing: if he then hews below to your lower opening, do not parry that, but hew in above strongly to his head. Or, if he hews to you with Under-hewing, then mark before he comes up with the Under-hew, and shoot the long point above into his face or his breast, and Set-on him above so he may not reach you below (since all upper Settings-on break and defeat the lower). If he then drives up and binds below on your sword, then remain with the long edge strongly on his sword, and work nimbly to the nearest opening, or let him work and come Meanwhile so that you hit him.<section end="95"/>
+
Gloss. Note that this is about when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then cut from below to the lower openings, do not parry that, rather cleave in strong at their head from above. Or if they initiate a cut with rising cuts, then before they come up with their rising cut, shoot in the point into their face or breast long from above and lodge against them from above so they cannot reach you below. Because all of the upper lodgings break and free you from the lower. Then if they rise up and bind against your sword from below, then stay strong on their sword with your long edge and work swiftly to the nearest opening or let them work and if you come Indes then you hit them.<section end="95"/>
  
<section begin="96"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark, this is the text and the gloss on how one shall Set-off stabs and hews:}}
+
<section begin="96"/>'''Here note that this is the text and the gloss of how one shall displace thrust and cut'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>83</small>
 
| <small>83</small>
| {{red|Learn Setting-off,<br/>&emsp;Hews, stabs, artfully injure.}}
+
| Learn to displace<br/>Skillfully disrupt cuts and thrusts
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>84</small>
 
| <small>84</small>
| {{red|Whoever stabs on you,<br/>&emsp;Your point hits and his breaks.}}
+
| Whoever thrusts at you<br/>Your point hits and their's breaks
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>85</small>
 
| <small>85</small>
| {{red|From both sides<br/>&emsp;Hit all, if you will step.}}
+
| From both sides<br/>You will hit every time, if you step.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, drive the Setting-off thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you as if he will stab, then set your left foot before and stand against him in the guard of the Plow on your right side, and give an opening with your left side. If he then stabs to that same opening, then Wind against his stab with your short edge on his sword (and your sword on your left side), and therewith Set-off, and therewith step to him with your right foot and stab him Meanwhile to the face or the chest.<section end="96"/>
+
Gloss. Note the displacing. Conduct it like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then set themselves against you as if they will thrust, then advance your left foot and setup against them in the guard of plow from your right side and offer yourself open on your left side. Then, if they thrust into that opening, wind to your left side, your short edge against their sword engaging their thrust and displace it with that and step in with your right foot with that and stab them Indes in their face or in their breast.<section end="96"/>
  
<section begin="97"/>{{red|b=1|Another technique:}}
+
<section begin="97"/>'''Another play'''
  
Mark, when you stand on your right side in the Plow, if he then hews into your left side above to your head, then drive up with the sword and Wind therewith on your left side against his hew with the hilt before your head, and step therewith to him with your right foot, and stab him to the face or breast. Drive this technique from the Plow on both sides.<section end="97"/>
+
Note when you setup in plow from your right side, if they then cleave in from above at your head on your left side, rise up with your sword, and with that wind to your left side against their cut such that your hilt is in front of your head and also step in with it with your right foot and stab them in their face or their breast. Conduct this play to both sides from the plow.<section end="97"/>
  
<section begin="98"/>{{red|b=1|This is the text with the gloss on how one shall Change-through:}}
+
<section begin="98"/>'''This is the text with the gloss about how one shall disengage'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>86</small>
 
| <small>86</small>
| {{red|Changing-through learn<br/>&emsp;From both sides with stabs sorely.}}
+
| Whoever binds upon you<br/>Disengaging surely finds them
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>87</small>
 
| <small>87</small>
| {{red|Whoever binds on you,<br/>&emsp;Changing-through closely finds him.}}
+
| Learn to disengage<br/>From both sides stabbing sharply with it
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Changing-throughs are many and multiple; you shall drive them against the fencers that readily parry and that hew to the sword (and not to the openings of the body). You shall learn to drive it well with prudence, so that one cannot Set-on you or come in with something<ref>"with something" omitted from the Kraków.</ref> while you are Changing-through.<section end="98"/>
+
Gloss. Note disengaging is many and varied. You shall conduct it against the fencers that like to parry and those that cut to the sword and not to the openings of the body. You shall learn quite well to conduct this with caution so that the opponent does not lodge against you nor otherwise come in while you disengage.<section end="98"/>
  
<section begin="99"/>{{red|b=1|Drive the Changing-through thus:}}
+
<section begin="99"/>'''Conduct the disengaging like this'''
  
When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in above strongly. If he then hews against your sword (and not to your body), then let the point go through his sword with the hew, below between you, before he binds on your sword, and stab into the other side to his breast. If he becomes aware of the stab, and drives quickly after the stab with parrying with the sword, then Change-through yet again, and always do that when he drives after the sword with parrying.<section end="99"/>
+
When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, cleave in strongly from above. Then if they cut back at you but to your sword and not to your body, then during your cut, let your point rush through below their sword before they bind onto your sword and stab them in the breast on the other side. Then if they become aware of the thrust, and immediately chase that thrust with an act of parrying, then disengage again. Always do this when they move behind your sword with a parry.<section end="99"/>
  
<section begin="100"/>{{red|b=1|''Another''}}
+
<section begin="100"/>'''Or'''
  
When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set your left foot before and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews to your sword down from above (or up from below), and will strike that away or bind strongly thereon, then let the point sink underneath and stab him to the other side. Drive that against all hews wherewith one hews to your sword.<section end="100"/>
+
When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, advance your left foot and hold the long point against your opponent's face. Then if they strike at your sword either down from above or up from below and will bat it away or bind against it strongly, then let your point sink down and stab them on the other side. Conduct this against all cuts where the opponent strikes at your sword.<section end="100"/>
  
<section begin="101"/>{{red|b=1|That even mark…}}
+
<section begin="101"/>'''Precisely note,'''
  
How you shall Change-through so that one will not Set-on you while you are doing so, and undertake it thus: when he parries and lets his point go out near your side, then bravely Change-though and stab him to the other side. Or, if he remains with the point before your face (or otherwise against the opening), then do not Change-through but remain on the sword, and work therewith to the nearest opening so he may not Travel-after you with Setting-on.<section end="101"/>
+
How you should disengage in such a way that the opponent does not lodge against you while you disengage. Look at it like this: When the opponent parries you and allow their point to go off to your side, boldly disengage and stab them on the other side. Or, if they remain with their point in front of your face or toward your other openings, then do not disengage. Remain on the sword and work with that to the nearest opening such that they cannot pursue, nor lodge against you.<section end="101"/>
  
<section begin="102"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Pulling on the sword:}}
+
<section begin="102"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the withdrawing suddenly at the sword'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>88</small>
 
| <small>88</small>
| {{red|Step near in binding.<br/>&emsp;The Pulling gives good findings.}}
+
| Tread close in binds,<br/>So that withdrawing suddenly gives good opportunities.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>89</small>
 
| <small>89</small>
| {{red|Pull; if he hits, Pull more.<br/>&emsp;He finds work that does him woe.}}
+
| Suddenly withdraw. If they engage, suddenly withdraw more.<br/>Uncover the work that does them harm.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>90</small>
 
| <small>90</small>
| {{red|Pull all hits<br/>&emsp;If you want to trick the Masters.}}
+
| Suddenly withdraw all engagements<br/>If you wish to make a fool of the masters
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark that Pulling pertains to driving against the Masters who bind strongly on the sword, and in the bind of the swords remain standing still, and will wait to see if one will hew off, or will draw off from the sword before them so that they can then use Travelling-after to the opening. If you will trick or deceive those same Masters, then drive the Pulling against him thus: hew in from the right side above strongly to his head. If he then drives with the sword strongly forward with the hew and will parry, or hews to your sword, then pull your sword on you before he binds on you, and stab into the other side. And do that against all hitting and binding-on of the swords.<section end="102"/>
+
Gloss. Note withdrawing suddenly is appropriate to conduct against the masters that bind strongly against the sword and remain still in the bind of the sword and await to see whether one will cut off in front of them or withdraw from the sword so that they might then pursue into the opening. To make a fool of or mislead these masters, conduct the withdrawing suddenly against them like this: Cut in strongly from above at their head from your right side. Then if they drive forwards strongly with their sword during your cut and will either parry or cut into your sword, then suddenly withdraw your sword towards yourself before they bind you and stab them on the other side. Do this against all engagements and binds of the sword.<section end="102"/>
  
<section begin="103"/>{{red|b=1|Mark another Pulling:}}
+
<section begin="103"/>'''Note another withdrawing suddenly'''
  
When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into his face or his breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.<section end="103"/>
+
When the opponent has bound against you against your sword, if they subsequently stand opposing you in the bind and watch whether or not you withdraw from the sword, then act as if you will suddenly withdraw and stay at the sword and withdraw suddenly your sword towards yourself just to the mid-part of the blade and suddenly thrust back against their sword into their face or breast. If you do not rightly connect with your thrust, then work by doubling or otherwise with other plays, whatever seems best to you.<section end="103"/>
  
<section begin="104"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Running-through and of the wrestling on the sword:}}
+
<section begin="104"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the runing through and about the wrestling with the sword'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>91</small>
 
| <small>91</small>
| {{red|Run-through, let hang<br/>&emsp;With the pommel. Grip if you will wrestle.}}
+
| Rush through, let hang<br/>Grab with the pommel if you wish to grapple.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>92</small>
 
| <small>92</small>
| {{red|Whoever is Strong against you,<br/>&emsp;Running-through therewith mark.}}
+
| Whoever strengthens up against you,<br/>Remember to rush through with it.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the Running-through and the wrestling are of two kinds with the sword: the Running-throughs are the body wrestling, and then thereafter are the arm wrestlings. And they pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in.<section end="104"/>
+
Gloss. Note rushing through and wrestling are double in the sword. For rushing through is both body wrestlings and then thereafter, the arm wrestlings and they are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to rush in.<section end="104"/>
  
<section begin="105"/>{{red|b=1|The Running-through, drive the first of that thus:}}
+
<section begin="105"/>'''Conduct the first rushing through like this'''
  
Mark, when he runs into you and drives high up with the arms and will overwhelm you above with strength, then drive also up with your arms, and hold your sword by the pommel over your head with your left hand, and let the blade hang down behind over your back, and Run with your head through your arm against his right side, and spring with your right foot behind his right, and with the spring then drive in with your right arm against his left side in front, well around his body, and grasp him thus on your right hip and throw him before you backwards on his head.<section end="105"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you and rises up high with their arms and wishes to overwhelm you with strength from above, rise up with your arms as well and hold your sword over your head with your left hand by the pommel and let your blade hang down behind over your back and pass your head down through their arms toward their right side and spring with your right foot behind their right and with that spring, drive ahead of them toward their left side with your right arm well around their body and fasten them like this to your right hip and throw them backwards on their head in front of yourself.<section end="105"/>
  
<section begin="106"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}
+
<section begin="106"/>'''Yet another body wrestling'''
  
Mark, when he runs into you with up-stretched arms, and you do so against him, then Run-through him with the head to his right side, and let your sword hang behind over your back (as the before stated describes), and step with your right foot in front before his right, and drive in with your right arm through below his right arm, behind, around his body, and grasp him on your right hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings to both sides.<section end="106"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you with upstretched arms and you do the same, then rush through them with your head to their right side and let your sword hang back over your back as was written before and step ahead with your right foot in front of their right and drive through under their right arm back around their body with your right arm and fasten them to your right hip and throw them behind you. These two wrestlings go to both sides.<section end="106"/>
  
<section begin="107"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}
+
<section begin="107"/>'''Yet another body wrestling'''
  
Mark, when he runs into your right side and is high with his arms, and you are also, then hold your sword in the right hand with the pommel reversed, and thrust his arms and his sword from you with your hilt, and spring with your left foot in front before both his feet, and drive in with your left arm well behind, around his body, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him before you.<section end="107"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you to your right side and is high with their arms and you are as well, hold your sword in your right hand with your pommel shored against and shove their arm and their sword away from you with your hilt and spring ahead with your left foot in front of both their feet and pass your left arm way back around their body and fasten them to your left hip and throw them in front of you<section end="107"/>
  
<section begin="108"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}
+
<section begin="108"/>'''Yet another body wrestling'''
  
Mark, when he runs into you and is high with his arms, and you are also, then hold your sword in your right hand and thrust his arms from you therewith, and spring with your left foot behind his right, and drive in with your left arm through, below, before his breast on his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides.<section end="108"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you and is high with their arms and you are as well, you shall hold your sword in your right hand and shove their arm away from you with that and spring behind their right foot with your left and pass your left arm down through in front of their breast to their left side and fasten them to your left hip and throw them behind you. Conduct these two wrestlings on both sides.<section end="108"/>
  
<section begin="109"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark now the arm wrestling with the sword:}}
+
<section begin="109"/>'''Now note the arm wrestlings with the sword here:'''
  
Mark, when one runs into you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip his right inwardly therewith (between both his hands), and press him therewith on your left side, and strike in with the sword with the right over his head.<section end="109"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you at the sword and holds their hands low, invert your left hand and between both of their hands seize their right with it and with that drag them to your left side and using your right, strike them with your sword across their head.<section end="109"/>
  
<section begin="110"/>{{red|b=1|Another}}
+
<section begin="110"/>'''Or'''
  
If you will not strike, then spring with your right foot behind his left, and drive in with your right arm in front or behind his neck, and throw him thus over your right knee.<section end="110"/>
+
If you do not wish to strike, then spring behind their left foot with your right and pass your right arm around their neck, ahead or behind and throw them over your right knee in this way.<section end="110"/>
  
<section begin="111"/>{{red|b=1|Yet an arm wrestling:}}
+
<section begin="111"/>'''Another arm wrestling'''
  
Mark, when he runs into you with the sword and is low with his hands, then let your left hand drive from the sword, and drive in with your right with the pommel out over his right hand, and press down therewith, and grip him with your left hand by his right elbow, and spring with your left foot before his right and thrust him over thus.<section end="111"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in at the sword and is low with their hands, let your left hand go from the sword and with your right crosswise out over their right hand and press down with that and seize them by their right elbow with your left hand and spring in front of their right foot with your left and shove them over it like this.<section end="111"/>
  
<section begin="112"/>{{red|b=1|Yet an arm wrestling:}}
+
<section begin="112"/>'''Another arm wrestling'''
  
Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, then let your sword fall and invert your right hand, and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with your left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with your left foot before his right, and thrust his right arm over your left with your right hand, and heave him over you therewith. Thus may you break his arm, or throw him over your left leg before you (if you want).<section end="112"/>
+
Note when one rushes in on you at the sword, let your sword completely go and invert your right hand. And using that, take an outside grip of their right and with your left grasp them by their right elbow and spring in front of their right foot with your left and shove their right arm over your left with your right hand and lift them upwards with this. Like this, you can either break their arm or throw them over your left leg in front of you, whichever you wish.<section end="112"/>
  
<section begin="113"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark a sword taking:}}
+
<section begin="113"/>'''Here note a sword disarm'''
  
Mark, when one runs into you with the sword, then invert your left hand and drive therewith over his right arm, and grip his sword by the handle therewith (between both his hands),<ref>K. "with both hands".</ref> and press therewith on your left side; so you take his sword.<section end="113"/>
+
Note when the opponent rushes in on you at the sword, invert your left hand and pass over their right arm with it and seize their sword between both of their hands and drag them to your left side with that so that you take their sword from them.<section end="113"/>
  
<section begin="114"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another sword taking:}}
+
<section begin="114"/>'''Another sword disarm'''
  
Mark, when he parries or otherwise binds on your sword, then grip both swords in the middle with your left hand on the blades, and hold them both fast together, and with your right hand drive with the pommel below, through, in front over both his hands, and press upwards therewith on your right side. Then you remain with both swords.<section end="114"/>
+
Note when the opponent parries you or otherwise binds against your sword, seize both swords in the crossing of the blades with your left hand and hold them both firmly together and drive forwards, down through with your pommel and over both their hands and drag them up to your right side with it, so that you keep both swords.<section end="114"/>
  
<section begin="115"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of Slicing-off:}}
+
<section begin="115"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about cutting off'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>93</small>
 
| <small>93</small>
| {{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>&emsp;From below in both drivings.}}
+
| Cut off the hard ones<br/>From below in both paths
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is what you shall drive when one binds on your sword strongly above, or falls thereon, and undertake it thus: when you fence-to with the Under-hewing or with the slashing, or lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours (before you come up therewith), then remain below on his sword and heave upwards with the short edge fast. If he then presses your sword downwards fast, then slash off from his sword from below on his blade with your sword behind yourself, and hew in to the other side on his sword’s blade quickly again, above into his mouth.<section end="115"/>
+
Gloss. Note this is what you shall do when the opponent strongly binds atop your sword from above (or falls upon it). Look at it like this: When you initiate fencing from rising cuts or from sweeps or lay against your opponent in the guard of the fool, if they then fall upon that with their sword before your come up with yours, keep against their sword from below and lift upwards with your short edge. If they subsequently press your sword down firmly, then from their sword, sweep off backwards from beneath with your sword against their sword's blade, away from their sword and immediately cut back in against their sword from above on the other side at their mouth<section end="115"/>
  
<section begin="116"/>{{red|b=1|Yet another:}}
+
<section begin="116"/>'''Yet another'''
  
When you fence-to him with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt (before you come up therewith), so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with your pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or, if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with your pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.<section end="116"/>
+
When you initiate fencing with rising cuts or lay in the guard of the fool, if the opponent subsequently falls onto that close to your hilt, before you come up with it such that their point goes out toward your right side, then swiftly rise up over their sword with your pommel and strike them in the head with your long edge. Or if they bind atop your sword such that their point goes out to your left side, then rise up over their sword with your pommel and strike them in their head with your short edge. This is called snapping.<section end="116"/>
  
<section begin="117"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Four Slices:}}
+
<section begin="117"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the four slices'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>94</small>
 
| <small>94</small>
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>&emsp;Two below, with two above.}}
+
| Four are the slices<br/>With two from below, two from above.
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark the Four Slices: know that the first are the two Overs, which pertain to driving against the fencers that like to strike around with the Thwart (or otherwise to the other side) from the parrying or from the bind of the sword.<section end="117"/>
+
Gloss. Note the four slices. Firstly, know that the upper two are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to strike around from the bind of the sword or from an act of parrying to the other side with the crosswise cut or what have you.<section end="117"/>
  
<section begin="118"/>{{red|b=1|Break that thus:}}
+
<section begin="118"/>'''Break that like this'''
  
When he binds you on your sword to your left side, and strikes quickly again around therewith with the left foot on your right side, then fall in with the long edge above over both arms and press from you with the slice. You shall always drive that to both sides when he strikes around from the parrying, or hews from the sword.<section end="118"/>
+
When they bind against your sword on your left side and immediately strike back around from that with their left foot on your right side, fall across both their arms from above with your long edge and press them away from you with a slice. You shall always conduct this to either side when they strike around from an act of parrying or cuts away from the sword.<section end="118"/>
  
<section begin="119"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}
+
<section begin="119"/>'''Note'''
  
That the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms. Drive it thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with his arms, and runs in to you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge in his arm, under the pommel, and press upward with the slice.<section end="119"/>
+
The two lower slices are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to rush in with outstretched arms. Conduct them like this: When they bind against your sword and rises up high with their arms and rush in on your left side, twist your sword such that your thumb comes under it and drop into their arms with your long edge below their pommel and press them upwards with your slice.<section end="119"/>
  
<section begin="120"/>{{red|b=1|Or}}, if he runs with out-stretched arms to your right side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the short edge in the arms, under his pommel, and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices.<section end="120"/>
+
<section begin="120"/>Or if they rush in on you on your right side with outstretched arms, rotate your sword such that your thumb comes under it and drop into their arms with your short edge below their pommel and press them upwards with your slice. These are the four slices.<section end="120"/>
  
<section begin="121"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the turning of the slices:}}
+
<section begin="121"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the transformation of the slice'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>95</small>
 
| <small>95</small>
| {{red|Your edge turn<br/>&emsp;To escape, press the hands.}}
+
| Turn your slice<br/>To flatten, press the hands
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, that is how you shall drive the two Over-slices from the two Under-slices. Undertake it thus: When he runs in to you on your left side with up-stretched arms, then invert your sword and fall with the long edge in the arm, under his pommel, and press fast upwards and step therewith on his right side, and Wind your pommel below through, and come not from his arms with the sword, and turn the sword from the Under-slice into the Over-slice with the long edge over his arms.<section end="121"/>
+
Gloss. Note that this is how you should conduct the upper two slices from the lower two. Look at it like this: When the opponent rushes in on you with upstretched arms on your left side, invert your sword and drop into their arms with your long edge below their pommel and press firmly upwards and with that step to their right side and wind your pommel down through underneath and do not comr away from their arms with your sword. And turn your sword into the upper slice from the lower slice with your long edge across their arms.<section end="121"/>
  
<section begin="122"/>{{red|b=1|Another}}
+
<section begin="122"/>'''Or'''
  
If he runs in with up-stretched arms to your right side, then turn your sword against his arms with the short edge, under the pommel, and press fast upwards, and step on his left side therewith and let the pommel go through below, and turn your sword with the long edge over his arm and press from you with the slice.<section end="122"/>
+
If the opponent rushes in on you on your right side with upstretched arms, then turn your sword into their arms and under their pommel and press firmly upwards and with that step to their left side, also let your pommel cross through below and turn your sword up over their arms with your long edge and press them away from you with that.<section end="122"/>
  
<section begin="123"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the two lower hangings:}}
+
<section begin="123"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss of the two lower hangings'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>96</small>
 
| <small>96</small>
| {{red|Two hangings come<br/>&emsp;From one hand from the earth.}}
+
| Two hangings emerge<br/>From the ground out of each hand
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>97</small>
 
| <small>97</small>
| {{red|In all drivings,<br/>&emsp;Hew, stab, Leaguers, Soft or Hard.}}
+
| In every application<br/>Cut, Thrust, Position, Soft or Hard
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, the two hangings from the earth, that is, the Plow on both sides: and when you will fence therefrom, or are fencing, then you shall therein also have the Feeling if he is Soft or Hard in hewing, and in stabbing, and in all binding of the swords. Also you shall therefrom drive the four Windings, and from each Winding feature a hew, a stab, and a slice, and otherwise also drive all driving as from the two upper hangings.<section end="123"/>
+
Gloss. Note that the two hangings from the ground, this is the plow on both sides and when you fence or wish to fence from those, you shall also have the feeling of whether they are soft or hard therein, in cuts and in thrusts and in all binds of the sword. You shall also conduct four winds from those and from each winding appropriately conduct one cut, one thrust or one slice and in other situations conduct all other applications as you would from the two upper hangings.<section end="123"/>
  
<section begin="124"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Speaking-Window:}}
+
<section begin="124"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss about the speaking window'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>98</small>
 
| <small>98</small>
| {{red|Speaking-Window make.<br/>&emsp;Stand freely, see his business.}}
+
| Make the speaking window<br/>Stand freely, watch their situation.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>99</small>
 
| <small>99</small>
| {{red|Strike in so that he snaps.<br/>&emsp;Whoever pulls off before you,}}
+
| Strike them so that it snaps<br/>Whoever withdraws themselves before you.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>100</small>
 
| <small>100</small>
| {{red|I say to you truthfully,<br/>&emsp;No man can protect himself without danger.}}
+
| I say to you truthfully<br/>No one defends themselves without danger
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>101</small>
 
| <small>101</small>
| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>&emsp;To strikes may he barely come.}}
+
| If you have understood<br/>They cannot come to blows
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards, and you shall fence therefrom. So shall you now also know the Speaking-Window, which is also a guard that you may well stand in, and the guard that is called the Long Point is the noblest and the best ward with the sword. Whoever correctly fences therefrom can force the man, that he must let you strike as you desire, and may not come to strikes and stabs himself before the point.<section end="124"/>
+
Gloss. Note you have heard before about how you should place yourself with your sword into the four guards and how you should fence from them. You should now know about the speaking window, which is also a guard that you can stand fully secure in. And this guard is the long point which is the noblest and the best guard of the sword. Whoever fences from it correctly can constrain the opponent with it, such that they must allow themselves to be struck without their consent and cannot come back to neither strikes nor thrusts before your point.<section end="124"/>
  
<section begin="125"/>{{red|b=1|Position yourself thus in the Speaking-Window:}}
+
<section begin="125"/>'''Arrange yourself in the speaking window like this:'''
  
When you go to him with the pre-fencing, with whatever hew you then come on him (whether it be a Under or an Over-hew), then let the long point always shoot in to his face or his breast with the hew. Therewith you force him, so that he must parry you or bind on the sword, and when he thus has bound on, then remain strongly with the long edge on the sword and stand freely and see his business (what he will further fence against you). If he pulls off backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the opening. Or, if he strikes around from the sword to the other side, then bind after his hew strongly above to his head. Or, if he will not draw off from the sword or strike around, then work with the Doubling (or otherwise with other techniques) thereafter as you find him Weak or Strong on the sword.<section end="125"/>
+
Whenever you move toward your opponent with the initiation of fencing, with whichever cut you approach them, be it a rising or descending cut, always let your point shoot in long to their face or to their breast during your cut. With that you constrain them such so that they must parry or bind on the sword. And when they have bound on, remain strong with your long edge against their sword and stand freely and watch their situation and for whatever they will fence against you. If they draw themselves back off from your sword then follow after them with your point to their opening. Or if they strike around to the other side leaving your sword, then bind in behind their cut strongly from above into their head. Or if they neither withdraw from your sword nor strike around, then work by doubling or otherwise using other plays as you subsequently sense weakness or strength in their sword.<section end="125"/>
  
<section begin="126"/>{{red|b=1|This is another stance}}
+
<section begin="126"/>'''This is another stance'''
  
And is also called the Speaking-Window. Mark, when you come close to him with the pre-fencing, then set your left foot before, and hold the long point with your arms against his face or his breast before you bind him on the sword, and stand freely and see<ref>"and see" omitted from the Kraków.</ref> what he will fence against you. If he then hews in to your head long above, then drive up and Wind against his hew with the sword in the Ox, and stab into his face. Or, if he hews to your sword and not to your body, then Change through and stab in to the other side. If he runs in and is high with his arms, then drive the Under-slice. Or, if he runs in through with wrestling and is low with his arms, then drive the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point.<section end="126"/>
+
And is also called the speaking window. Note when you have almost arrived at the opponent with the initiation of fencing, advance your left foot and hold your point long from your arms and against their face or breast before you bind on their sword and stand freely and watch what they will fence against you. If they will subsequently cut long and deep at your head, then rise up and wind into the ox with your sword against their cut and stab them in their face. But if they will cut at your sword and not to your body, then disengage and stab them on the other side. If the opponent rushes in and is high with their arms, then conduct the lower slice or rush through with wrestling. If they are low with their arms, then seek the arm wrestling. You can conduct all plays from the long point like this.<section end="126"/>
  
<section begin="127"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the explanation on the Four Hangings and the Eight Windings with the sword that the Epitome holds:}}
+
<section begin="127"/>'''Here note the text and the gloss of the explanation of the four hangings and the eight windings of the sword to which the Zettel adheres to.'''
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>102</small>
 
| <small>102</small>
| {{red|Whoever drives well, and correctly breaks,<br/>&emsp;And finally well accounts,}}
+
| Who fully commands and correctly breaks<br/>And makes complete irrefutable judgement
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>103</small>
 
| <small>103</small>
| {{red|And breaks particularly<br/>&emsp;Each of the Three Wounders,}}
+
| And breaks each one individually<br/>Into three wounders,
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>104</small>
 
| <small>104</small>
| {{red|Whoever correctly hangs well,<br/>&emsp;And brings therewith Winding,}}
+
| Who hangs consumately and correctly<br/>And delivers the winding with it
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>105</small>
 
| <small>105</small>
| {{red|And eight Windings<br/>&emsp;With correct weighing considers,}}
+
| And considers the eight winds<br/>With correct judgement
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>106</small>
 
| <small>106</small>
| {{red|And to unite them<br/>&emsp;The Windings are triple, I mean,}}
+
| And unites them.<br/>The windings, I differentiate trebly
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>107</small>
 
| <small>107</small>
| {{red|So are they twenty-<br/>&emsp;And-four pieces only.}}
+
| Thus they are twenty<br/>And four counting them individually.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>108</small>
 
| <small>108</small>
| {{red|From both sides<br/>&emsp;Learn eight Windings with steps,}}
+
| From both sides<br/>Learn eight windings with steps
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>109</small>
 
| <small>109</small>
| {{red|And prove the driving,<br/>&emsp;Nothing more, only Soft or Hard.}}
+
| And gauge these applications<br/>Nothing more than soft or hard
 
|}
 
|}
Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson and an admonition of Hanging and of Winding with the sword; therein you shall well meditate on and take account of, so that you boldly drive with agility and break against the others fencers’ techniques correctly, and drive boldly against him therefrom. When the hangings are the Ox above on both sides, these are the two upper hangings; and the Plow below on both sides, these are the lower two hangings. From the Four Hangings you shall bring Eight Windings, four from the Ox, and four from the Plow, and the same Eight Windings you shall further thus consider and correctly weigh, so that from every particular Winding you shall drive the Three Wounders (that is a hew, a stab, and a slice).<section end="127"/>
+
Note this is a lesson and an exhortation of hanging and winding. You have to be well practiced and accomplished in this so that you can both swiftly take lead and correctly conduct a break against one of another fencer's plays from them. The hangings are four and Zettel for the ox above from both sides which are the two upper hangings and the plow below from both sides which are the two lower hangings. From the four hangings you shall deliver eight winds, four from the ox and four from the plow. And you shall further consider and correctly judge these eight winds in such a way that you shall conduct from each wind one of the three wounders, that is, a cut, a thrust or a slice.<section end="127"/>
  
<section begin="128"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark how you shall drive the four Windings from the right side and from the left side from the two upper hangings, that is, from the Ox:}}<ref>K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".</ref>
+
<section begin="128"/>'''Precisely note hereafter how you shall conduct the four winds from the two upper hangings, that is, from the ox both from the right side and from the left side.'''
  
These are the first two Windings from the Ox on the right side alone, drive them thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with your left foot before and hold your sword on your right side before your head in the Ox. If he then hews from above on his right side, then Wind against his hew on your left side with the short edge on his sword, yet still in the Ox, and stab above into his face. This is one Winding.<section end="128"/>
+
Conduct the first two winds just from the right side like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword in front of your head on your right side in the ox. If they subsequently cleave in from above from their right side, wind your short edge against their cut, your short edge against their sword, again in ox and thrust in at their face from above. This is one wind.<section end="128"/>
  
<section begin="129"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}
+
<section begin="129"/>'''Note'''
  
If he parries the stab with strength and forces your sword on the side, then remain on the sword and Wind again on your right side over in the Ox, and stab above into his face. These are the two Windings on the sword from the one upper hanging from the right side.<section end="129"/>
+
If the opponent parries your thrust with strength and force your sword off to the side, then remain on their sword and wind back to your right side up into ox and thrust in at their face from above. These are the two winds of the sword from the upper hanging of the right side.<section end="129"/>
  
<section begin="130"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark, these are the two other Windings from the Ox on the left side. Drive them thus:}}
+
<section begin="130"/>'''Here note that there are two winds from the ox on the left side. Conduct them like this:'''
  
When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox, and if he then hews in above from his left side, then Wind against his hew on your right side with the long edge on his sword, and stab above in to his face. That is one Winding.<section end="130"/>
+
When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, setup in ox from your left side. If they subsequently cleave in from above from their left side, wind your long edge against their sword to your right side opposing their cut and thrust in at their face from above. This is one wind.<section end="130"/>
  
<section begin="131"/>{{red|b=1|Mark}}
+
<section begin="131"/>'''Note'''
  
If he parries the stab and presses your sword to the side, then remain on the sword and Wind on your left side, yet in the Ox, with the long edge on his sword, and stab in above to his face. These are the four Windings from the upper two hangers on the left and on the right side.<section end="131"/>
+
If the opponent parries the thrust and press your sword to the side, then remain on their sword and wind the long edge onto their sword back to your left side and thrust in at their face from above. These are the four winds from the two upper hangings both from the left and from the right sides.<section end="131"/>
  
<section begin="132"/>{{red|b=1|Now you shall know…}}
+
<section begin="132"/>'''Now you shall know'''
  
That the Plow on both sides are the two lower hangings. When you lie therein, or will fence therefrom, then you shall also drive four Windings therefrom, from the left and from the right side with all your fencing as from the upper hanging, so the Windings become Eight. And mark, as you Wind, then think of the hew and of the stab and of the slice in each Winding particularly. Thus, four-and-twenty techniques come from the Eight Windings, and how you shall drive the four-and-twenty techniques from the Eight Windings, you shall find all that described before in the glosses.<section end="132"/>
+
That the plow from both sides, they are the two lower hangings. When you either move yourself into them or wish to fence from them, you shall conduct four winds both from the left and from the right sides, with all of their applications as you would from the upper hangings. In this way the windings become eight. And note every time you wind, in each one of the windings, you decide on the cut or on the thrust or on the slice. In this way, the twenty four plays come from the eight winds. And how you shall conduct the twenty four plays from the eight windings, you shall find all of this written in the glosses before.<section end="132"/>
  
<section begin="133"/>{{red|b=1|Here mark even more…}}
+
<section begin="133"/>'''Quite precisely note here'''
  
That you may not rightly drive the Eight Windings except with stepping from both sides, and that you prove not more than the two drivings well before, which are, when he binds on your sword, that he is but Soft or Hard in his driving. When you have found that first, then Wind and work to the Four Openings (as that described before states). Also, know that all fencers that Wind on the sword and cannot Feel on the sword, they become struck by the Winding. Therefore be diligent, so that you mark well the Feeling and the word "Meanwhile", when all the Art of Fencing goes from these two things.<section end="133"/>
+
That you cannot correctly conduct the eight windings unless they are done with stepping from both sides and also that you must quite precisely gauge ahead of time nothing more than the two applications. They are: First, when they bind against your sword, whether they are soft or hard in their application. Second, wind and work to the four openings as is written before. Also know that all fencers that wind on the sword and do not know the feeling in the sword, they become struck. Therefore educate yourself so that you fully understand feeling and the word Indes, because all the art of fencing comes from these two things.<section end="133"/>
  
 
<section begin="134"/>[No text]<section end="134"/>
 
<section begin="134"/>[No text]<section end="134"/>

Latest revision as of 21:46, 1 November 2022

Here the gloss and the explanation of the Zettel of the long sword begins,

which Johannes Liechtenauer, may God be merciful to him, who was known to be a high master of the art, had versified and produced. And that is the reason this art belongs to princes and lords, knights and squires that they should learn and know this. For this reason, he had allowed it to be written in cryptic and misleading words, so that no one could recognize and comprehend it. And he had this done in light of the half-baked masters of defense, whose art amounts to little, so that his art would not be revealed nor become coarsened by these masters. These same cryptic and misleading words of the Zettel are clarified and laid straight in the glosses hereafter in such a way that anyone that can already otherwise fence can recognize and comprehend them.

Here, precisely note whatever is written in red in the beginning of the written plays hereafter. This is the text of the cryptic words of the Zettel of the long sword. The subsequent black writing, this is the gloss and the explanation of the cryptic and misleading words of the Zettel.

This is the forward.

1 Young knight learn
To have love for god, honor women
2 So that you expand your honor.
Practice Knighthood and learn
3 Art that decorates you
And in war exalts you with honor.
4 Use the good grips of wrestling,
Lance, spear, sword, and messer
5 Like a man
And render them useless in other's hands.
6 Attack suddenly and charge in,
Flow onwards, engage or let pass.
7 Thus the intellectuals hate him,
Yet this one sees glories.
8 Hold yourself to this:
All art has a time and place.[1]

This is a general lesson of the long sword in which much good art is held

Text

9 If you wish to examine the art,
Go left and right with cutting
10 And left with right,
That is, if you desire to fence strongly.

Gloss: Note this is the foremost art of the long sword, that above all you should learn to cut correctly. That is, if you wish to otherwise fence strongly. Look at it like this. When you stand with your left foot forwards and cut from your right side, if you then do not accompany the cut with the ingress of your right foot, then this cut is erroneous and incorrect. When your right side remains behind it, the cut becomes too short thereby and its correct path down to the other side in front of the left foot cannot happen.

Or if you stand with your right foot forwards and cut from the left side, if you do not then also accompany the cut with your left foot, then the cut is again erroneous. Therefore, see to it that when you cut from the right side that you always accompany the cut with the right foot. Do exactly the same when you cut from the left side so that your body brings itself correctly into balance with it. In this way, the cuts become long and are conducted correctly.

This again is the text and the gloss about a lesson

11 Whoever chases after cuts
Allows themselves to enjoy little of the art.

Gloss. This means when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, you do not stand still and look upon their cut nor await whatever they fence against you. Know that all fencers that look out and wait upon another's cut and will do nothing other than parry, they allow themselves to enjoy quite little of the art, because it is dismantled and they become struck for this reason.

This again is the text and the gloss about a lesson

12 Cut from close proximity whatever you wish
No changer gets past your shield
13 To the head, to the body
Do not omit the stingers
14 With the entire body
Fence whatever you desire to conduct with strength.

Gloss: Note this means when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, from that point, whatever you wish to fence, conduct that with the entire strength of the body and in this fashion toward their head and toward their body from close proximity and remain with the point in front of their face or their breast so that they cannot disengage in front of the point. If they parry with strength and let their point go off away from you to the side, then give them a wound on the arm.

Or if they rise up high with the arms with an act of parrying, then strike below with a free cut to their body and with that, immediately step back. Thus are they struck before they become aware of it.

This again is the text and the gloss about a lesson

15 Now hear what is bad
Do not fence lefty from above if you are a righty
16 And if you are a lefty
You also quite awkward on the right

Gloss: Note this is a lesson that hits upon two people, a righty and a lefty and it is also how you shall cut so that one cannot win the weak of your sword with the first cut. Look at it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if you are a righty, then do not cut the first cut from the left side by choice because it is weak and with it you cannot hold fast when they cleave in with you strongly. Therefore, cut from the right so you can stay in contact with full strength and work whatever you wish at the sword. In the same way if you are lefty, then also do not cut the first cut from the right side because it is quite undependable art for a lefty to initiate from the right side. It is also the same for a righty from the left side.

This again is the text and the gloss about a lesson

17 Before and After, the two things
Are the singular origin of the entire art.
18 Weak and strong
Indes, note them with this word
19 So that you may learn
To work and ward with art.
20 Whoever frightens easily
Never learns to fence.

Gloss: Note this means that you shall see and understand the two things correctly for all situations. This is the before and the after and after that, the weak and the strong of the sword and the word Indes, because the entire art of fencing comes from those. When you correctly see and comprehend these things and have not forgotten the word Indes therein, in all plays that you conduct, then you are indeed a good master of the sword and can fully teach princes and lords so that they may keep with the proper art of the sword in battle and in earnest.

Here note what is here called the before.

This means that you should always come before, be it with a cut or with a stab, before the opponent does. And when you preempt them with a cut or what have you so that they must parry you, then Indes work swiftly for yourself in their act of parrying with your sword or whatever, with other plays so that they cannot come to any work.

Here note what is here called the after.

The after, these are the breaks against all plays and cuts that one conducts upon you and look at it like this. When the opponent preempts you with a cut so that you must parry them, then Indes work swiftly to the nearest opening during your act of parrying using your sword so that you break their before with your after.

Here note the weak and the strong of the sword.

The weak and the strong, look at it like this. On the sword, from the hilt to the midpoint of the blade, this is the strong of the sword and further past the midpoint to the point of the sword is the weak. And how you shall work with the strong of your sword according to the weak of their sword will be explained to you hereafter.

This is the text and the gloss of the five cuts.

21 Learn five cuts
From the right hand against the weapon,
22 We swear upon this
To pay off in skills easily.

Gloss: Note there are five cryptic cuts that many masters of the sword know nothing of which to speak of. You shall learn to hew these from the right side. Whichever fencer that can break the cuts with the proper art without harm, they will be valued by other masters, for their art shall be more worthwhile to them than other fencers. And how one shall hew these cuts with their plays will be explained to you hereafter.



23 Wrathcut Crook and Cross,
If the Eye Cocker keeps with the Parter,
24 The Fool parries.
Pursuing and Overrunn, places the attack
25 Disengage, Suddenly withdraw,
Rush through, Cut off, Press the hands
26 Tilt and Turn to uncover with
Slash, catch, sweep, stab to clash with

Gloss: Note here the correct chief components of the Zettel of the long sword have been named for you as they are each designated with its name so that you can better recognize and understand them. The first, these are the five cuts as they are specifically named:

Item: The first is called the wrathcut
Item: The second, the crooked cut
Item: The third, the crosswise cut
Item: The fourth, the cockeyed cut
Item: The fifth, the part cut

Now note the components

The first, these are the four guards
The second, the four parries
The third, the pursuing
The fourth, the overruning
The fifth, the displacing
The sixth, is the disengaging
the seventh, is the withdrawing suddenly
The eighth, the rushing through
The ninth, the cutting off
The tenth is the hand pressing
The eleventh, these are the hangings
The twelfth, these are the windings

And what you should fence from the components and how you should acquire yourself openings by hanging and the winding, you will find these written hereafter one after the other in the order above.

Here the text and the gloss begin

The first is about the wrathcut with its plays


27 Whoever makes a descending cut at you
The point of wrathcut threatens them

Gloss: Note the wrathcut interrupts any descending cut with the point and is yet nothing other than a simple peasant strike. Conduct it like this: when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they subsequently cleave in at your head from high from their right side, then you wrathfully cleave in with them from high from your right side as well, atop their sword without any act of parrying. (marginalia: into the weakness of their sword) If they are then soft against your sword, then shoot the point in at them long, straight ahead and stab them in the face or breast, then lodge against them.

This is the text and the gloss of another play of the wrathcut

28 If they become aware of it
Then abscond above without concern

Gloss: Note this is when you cleave in with the wrathcut, then shoot the point in long into their face or breast as was written before. Then if they become aware of the point and parry strongly and press your sword to your side, then with your sword against their sword's blade, rise high off upwards, away from their sword and cut back in at the opponent's head again on the other side against their blade. This is called absconding above.

Break it like this

When they abscond above, then bind in against their sword from above with the long edge towards their head.

This is again the text and the gloss of the wrathcut

29 Be strong in turn
Wind. Stab. If they see it, then take it below

Gloss: Note that this is when you cleave in with the wrathcut. If they parry and remain strong against the sword with their act of parrying, then remain strongly in opposition with your sword against their sword and rise up high with your arms and wind against their sword with your hilt forwards, in front of your head and thrust into their face from above. If they become aware of the thrust and rise up with the arms high and parry with their hilt, then remain standing like this with your hilt in front of your head and set your point below onto their neck or onto their breast between both of their arms.

This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the wrathcut

30 Precisely note this
Cut, stab, position, soft or hard
31 Indes and before and after
Without rush, your war is not hasty.

Gloss: Note this is when the opponent has bound against your sword with a cut or with a stab or however else. You should not let yourself be too hasty with the windings, because it is done this way: You precisely note first whether it is soft or hard when one sword clashes onto another. And after you have perceived that, then work Indes with the winding according to the soft and according to the hard, always to the nearest opening as will be explained and conveyed to you hereafter in the plays.

This is the text and the gloss of the war.

32 For the one whose war takes aim
Above, they will be shamed below.

Gloss: Note the war, these are the winds and the work which continues into the four openings with the point. Conduct it like this: When you cleave in with the wrathcut, then as soon as they parry, rise sufficiently up with your arms and against their sword "wind" in your point to the upper opening of their left side from above. Then, if they displace your upper thrust, remain standing in the winding like this with the hilt in front of your head and still to their left side, let your point sink down to the lower opening. Then if they chase your sword with an act of parrying, seek the lower opening of their right side with your point. Then if they chase your sword further with an act of parrying, then rise up with your sword to your left side and hang in your point to the upper opening of their right side. In this way they become shamed above and below via the war if you otherwise conduct it correctly.

This is again the text and the gloss of a lesson of the wrathcut

33 In all winds
Cut, stab, slice learn to apply
34 Also with that you shall
Gauge cut, stab or slice
35 In all encounters
Of the masters, if you wish to dishonor them.

Gloss: Note this is for when you cleave in with the wrathcut. You should be quite well practiced and quite polished with the windings because each winding has three particular plays, that is, a cut, a stab and a slice. And when you wind against the sword, then you should completely make sure that you do not conduct the incorrect play. Therefore you should not cut when you should stab and not slice when you should cut and not stab when you should slice. And you should always know which play to conduct that is rightfully called for in all encounters and binds of the sword else if you wish to dishonor or confound the masters that set themselves against you. And how you shall conduct the windings and how they are numbered, you can find that written in the last play of the Zettel that says: "Who fully commands and correctly breaks..."

This is the text and the gloss of the four openings

36 Know the four openings
Take aim so that you strike wisely
37 Into any movement
Without doubt however they are situated.

Gloss: Note whoever wishes to be a master of the sword, they shall know how one shall seek the openings with art, if they otherwise wish fence correctly and wisely. Above the girdle, the first opening is the right side, the second the left. Below the girdle the other two are the right and left sides. It follows that there are just two applications from which one may seek the openings. In the first one can seek them from the initiation of fencing by pursuing and by the shooting in of the long point. In the second, one shall seek them with the eight winds when one has bound the opponent against the sword. You shall understand it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, you shall boldly, without any fear, with a cut or a stab, target whichever one of the four openings that you may best get to. And do not heed whatever it is that they conduct or fence against you. By doing this, you constrain your opponent so that they must parry you. And when they have parried, then immediately seek the nearest opening again by winding against their sword in the act of parrying. Always target the openings of the opponent in this fashion and not to the sword like in the play here which says "Lodge against four regions, Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish"

(marginalia: with the shooting in of the long point and with pursuing, seek the openings)

This is the text and the gloss of how one shall break the four openings.

38 If you wish arrange yourself
To artfully break the four openings
39 Double high
Mutate down below
40 I say to you truthfully
No one defends themselves without danger
41 If you have understood this,
They can scarcely come to blows, etc.

Gloss: Note when opponent cleaves in at you, if you then wish to set yourself up against them and secure the opening from them with art so that they must allow themselves to be struck without their consent, then conduct the doubling against the strong of their sword and conduct the mutating when they are weak against the sword. For I say to you truthfully, that when facing you they cannot protect themselves from strikes nor can they come to blows themselves.

Here note how you shall conduct doubling to both sides

Note when they initiate a cut from their right shoulder, then also cleave in strongly from above with them at the same time from your right to their head. If they parry and stay strong against the sword, then 'Indes', rise up with your arms and thrust your sword's pommel under your right arm using your left hand and strike them on their head with the long edge and crossed arms and from behind their sword's blade.


Note, if they cleave in from above to your head with their long edge and you do it back to them the same way, if they then stay strong against the sword, then immediately rise up with your arms and strike them on their head using your short edge and from behind their sword's blade.

(marginalia: I have taught it and war with the sword and crossing under to the other side)

Here note how one shall conduct the mutating to both sides

Note when you cleave in strongly from your right shoulder and they parry and are soft against your sword, then "wind" the short edge against their sword to your left side and rise up sufficiently with your arms and pass over their sword with your sword's blade and stab them in their lower opening.

Another

Note when when you cleave in at their head up from your left side, if they parry and are soft against your sword, then rise up with your arms and hang your point down from up over their sword and stab them in their lower opening. You may also conduct these two plays from any attack from after the point you sense weak and strong against their sword.

These are the trials of the sword and whoever wins them is worthy of praise.

This is the text and the gloss of the crooked cut with its plays

42 Crook up swiftly
Throw the point onto the hands
43 Whoever waits well crooked
Disrupts many cuts with stepping.

Note the crooked cut is one of the four parries against the four guards because with them one breaks the guards that are called the ox here and also rising and descending cuts. Conduct it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand against you and hold their sword in front of their head in the guard of the ox on their left side, then advance your left foot and hold your sword in guard on your right shoulder and spring facing them well to your right side with your right foot and strike them across their hands with the long edge from crossed arms.

Another

Note you can also conduct the crooked cut from the barrier guard on both sides. Take yourself into the guard like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword such that the long edge is above with your point on the ground by your right side and present yourself open with your left side. Then, if they cut into your opening, spring away from the cut, facing them, with the right foot well to your right side and from the long edge strike them with crossed hands on their hands with your point.

Item

Take yourself to your left side with the barrier guard like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your right foot forwards and hold your sword upon the ground by your left side with crossed hands such that the short edge is up and present yourself open with your right side. Then if they cut into your opening, then spring away from the cut, facing them, with your left foot well to their right side and strike them in the spring with the short edge across their hands.

This is the text and the gloss of a good play from the crooked cut

44 Cut crooked to the flats
Of the masters if you wish to weaken them
45 When it sparks above
Then dismount, that I will praise

Gloss: Note you shall conduct this play against the masters from the bind of the sword. Conduct it like this. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then either lay down your sword to the right side into the barrier guard and stand with your left foot forwards or hold it on your right shoulder. Then if they cut at the opening from above, cut across their cut with your long edge from criss-crossed arms. And as soon as the swords spark together, then 'Indes', wind your short edge against their sword facing your left side and stab them in the face. Or if you don't want to thrust, then 'Indes', cut to their head or to their body with your short edge.

This is again the text and the gloss of one from the crooked cut

46 Don't crook, short cut
With that, look for the disengage.

Gloss: Note this is for when the opponent cleaves in from their right side from above. So rise up with your hands high and act as if you wish to bind against their sword with the crooked cut and pass through below their sword with your point and stab them in the face or in the breast on the other side and take care that you are well covered with your hilt in front of your face. You can also break the guard of the ox with this play. Conduct it like this. When you go to them with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand facing you and hold their sword with their hilt in front of their head on their left side, then throw your sword on your right shoulder and act as if you wish to bind against their sword with the crooked cut and cut short and with that disengage below their sword and shoot your point in long to the other side under their sword into their throat so they must parry. With this you come to strikes and other work with the sword.

[Marginal note in a different hand:] against the ox

[Marginal note in a different hand:] crooked cut w. Which breaks the guard of the ox

This is again the text and the gloss of one of the plays from the crooked cut

47 Crook whoever bewilders you
The noble war bewilders them
48 For they truthfully
Do not know where they are without danger

Gloss: Note whenever you conduct the crooked cut, you will always make yourself open with it. Look at it like this, when you cleave in or bind against their sword with the crooked cut from your right side, you are open on the left side during this. If they are also crafty and will cut from your sword to your opening and bewilder you with agility, then keep your sword against theirs and track their sword from there onward and wind your point into their face and continue to work with the war, that is, with the windings to the openings so that they become so baffled that they truthfully will not know which regions that they should shield themselves from your cuts and thrusts.

Here begins the text and the gloss of the crosswise cut with its plays

49 The crosswise cut seizes
Whatever arrives from the roof

Gloss: Note the crosswise cut breaks the roof guard and any cut that is hewn down from above. Conduct the crosswise cut like this, when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. Then if they stand facing you and hold their sword with outstretched arms high over their head and threaten to cleave in from above, come with your cut before they do and spring well to your right side with your right foot and in that spring, wind your sword with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb comes under and strike them with the short edge against their left side in the head

Or if they come before you do with their cut down from above, then spring away from their cut with your right foot, well to your right side with the previously mentioned act of parrying so that you catch their cut in your hilt and strike them with the crosswise cut on the left side of their head

Here note the break against the crosswise cut

Note when you stand facing the opponent in the roof guard, boldly cleave in at their head from above. Then if they spring away from your cut and intend to arrive first with the crosswise cut and strike you with it on the left side of your head, fall upon their sword with your long edge. Then if they strike around to your other side with the crosswise cut, 'Indes' you go forth ahead of them under their sword and in front of yourself against their neck so that they slash themselves with your sword.


Note when you have bound the opponent against your sword, if they then strike from your sword around to the other side with the crosswise cut, then fall into their hands or upon their arms with your long edge and press their arms away from you with everything you've got with a slice, and from that slice of their arms strike them on their head with your sword.

Here note the break against the upper slice into the arm

Note when you strike the opponent with the crosswise cut to their right side, if they then fall into your arm with a slice, then strike them in their mouth with your short edge from behind their sword's blade by doubling.

Again, this is the text and the gloss of a play from the crosswise cut

50 Cross with the strong
Remember your work with it

Gloss: Note when you wish to strike the crosswise cut, you shall strike with the entire strength of the body and you shall always bind against their sword with the strong of your sword. With that, you secure their opening. Look at it like this: When you make a crosswise cut from your right side, if they parry and bind strongly against your sword with it, then conduct the doubling or right from of crosswise cut, knock their sword off to the side with your hilt and strike them on the other side with it.

Yet another

When you make a strong crosswise cut from your right side, if they parry and are soft against the sword, then either drive the short edge of your sword against their neck on their right side and spring behind their left foot with your right foot and drag them over it like this with your sword's blade or conduct the mutating into their lower opening.

Break it like this

When the opponent drives their sword against your neck, rise up inside of their sword with your pommel and let your blade hang down and shove their sword away from your neck and strike in at their head from above by snapping. Or strike them by doubling with your right hand up over their sword and beneath their face while they have their sword against your neck.

This is the text and the gloss of the crosswise strike to the four openings

51 Cross to the plow
Yoke it hard to the ox
52 Whoever crosses themselves well
Threatens the head by spinging

Gloss: Note you have heard before that the ox and the plow are either two positions or two guards, but here they indicate the four openings. The ox, which are the upper two openings, the right and the left side of the head and the plow which are the two lower, the right and the left side below the belt of the opponent. You shall turn to each of these four openings with the crosswise strike in one sortie.[2]

You should also remember that in broad terms, you should always spring out off to one side facing the opponent with each and every crosswise strike so that you can fully connect to the head and take care that you are fully covered the entire time with your hilt up in front of your head.

Here note a break against the lower crosswise strikes

Note when the opponent strikes at your head with the crosswise from their right side to your left side, parry with the long edge and keep your point in front of their breast. Then if they strike around from your sword to your lower right opening using the crosswise strike, then you also make a crosswise strike down through between you and them also against their right side and with that bind against their sword and staying in the bind, stab them 'Indes' in the lower opening

This is the text and the gloss of a play that is called the failer

53 The failer misleads
It wounds according to desire from below

Gloss: The failer is a play whereby many fencers that like to parry and also those that fence to the sword and not to the openings become deceived and wounded according to desire and and are beaten.

Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, act as if you will strike at their head with a free descending cut and suddenly withdraw the cut and strike at the lower openings of their left or right side, whichever you wish, with the crosswise strike. And take care that you are fully covered by your hilt over your head. You can also conduct crosswise cut like this.

This is the text and the gloss of a play that is here called the inverter

54 The inverter constrains.
The one who rushes through also wrestles with it.
55 Take the elbow surely
Spring into their stance.

Gloss: Note the inverter is called the halfcut or the hand-turner. With it, one constrains the opponent so that you can rush through and capture with wrestling.

Conduct it like this:

When you go toward the opponent with the initiation of fencing, go with the left foot forwards and hew the halfcut from the right side with an inverted long edge over and over, up and down in time with your left foot until you arrive at the opponent. And as soon as you bind against their sword with it, then 'Indes' hang your point inward from above and stab them in the face. If they parry the thrust and rise up high with there arms, then rush through. Or if they remain with their hands low with their act of parrying, then seize their right elbow with your left hand and hold them firmly and spring in front of their right with your left foot and shove them over your foot like this.

Or if you do not wish to shove them over your foot by the elbow with your left hand as was written above, then pass your left hand back around their body and throw them in front of you across your left hip.

This is again the text and the gloss about the failer

56 The failer doubles.
If they make contact, make the slice with it.
57 Double it further
Step in left and do not be lazy

Gloss: Note this is called the double failer. Conduct it like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. When it is suitable to you, spring full on toward them with your right foot over to their left side and act as if you would strike them with a free crosswise strike at their head to their left side and suddenly withdraw the strike and spring to their right side with your left foot and strike them from there out into their head. If they parry and you hit their sword, then spring out off next to them on the same side and slice them in their mouth with the short edge from behind their sword by doubling.

Or fall into the slice with your sword across both their arms. In the same way, you can also successfully conduct the failer from descending cuts just like from the crosswise strikes whenever it is available to you or whenever you wish.

Here begins the cockeyed cut with it's plays


58 The cockeyed cut breaks into
Whatever the buffalo cuts or thrusts
59 Whoever threatens to change,
The cockeyed cut robs them of it.

Gloss: Note the cockeyed cut breaks the guard here called the plow and is a good, strange and grim cut because it breaks into cuts and into thrusts with violence and goes forth with an inverted sword. This is why many masters of the sword have nothing to say about this cut.

Here note how one shall conduct the cockeyed cut

Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder. Then if they cleave in at the head from above, twist your sword and hew against their cut up over their sword at their head with your short edge, long with extended arms. Then if they are also cunning and aborts during the cut of your sword and will disengage below, let the point shoot in forward and long during the cut so that they cannot disengage below.

Another

When you stand facing the opponent holding your sword on your right shoulder, if they then stand facing you in the guard of the plow and will initiate a thrust from below, cleave in with the cockeyed cut long from above and shoot in the point long into their breast so they cannot reach you below with their thrust.

This is the text and the gloss on a lesson from the cockeyed cut

60 Cock an eye. If they short change you,
Disengaging defeats them.

Gloss: Note this lesson. When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, you shall sneak a glance and see whether they fence short against you. You can recognize this whenever they initiate a cut and do not extend their arms out away from themselves while cutting. Thus their sword is shortened.

Or if you lie in the guard of the fool and they will then fall upon you with their sword crooked, their sword is again shortened.

Or if they move themselves against you into the guard of the ox or the plow, their sword is again shortened. Also know that all windings of the sword ahead of the opponent are short and withdraw the sword. And against whichever fencers that conduct the windings in this way, freely disengage from your cuts and thrusts and shoot in the long point to the closest opening from this, thereby pressuring them so that they must parry and you come to your proper work.

This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks long point with the cockeyed cut

61 Cock an eye at the point
And take the neck without fear

Gloss: Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand facing you and hold the long point toward your face or breast, hold your sword on your right shoulder and focus your gaze on their point and act as if you will strike at it and cut strongly against their sword with your short edge using the cockeyed cut. And with that, shoot in your point into their neck using an entrance of your right foot.

This is again the text and the gloss of a play from the cockeyed cut

62 Cock an eye at the top of the head
If you wish to ruin the hands

Gloss: Note this is another break for when your opponent stands in the long point facing you. Focus your gaze upon their head and act as if you will strike them there and strike them on their hands with your point from the cockeyed cut.

Here begins the text and the gloss of the part cut


63 The part cut
Is a threat to the face
64 With it's turn
The breast is yet endangered.
65 Whatever comes from them
The crown removes.
66 Slice through the crown
So that you break it beautifully and hard
67 Press the sweeps
By slicing withdraw it

Gloss: Note the part cut breaks the guard that is here called the fool and to that end, it is quite dangerous to the face and with it's turn, the breast.

Conduct it like this

When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then move themselves against you into the guard of the fool, advance your left foot and hold your sword on your right shoulder in guard and spring into them and cut down from above at their head strongly with the long edge. Then if they parry the cut such that their point and their hilt both stand up (this is called the crown), remain high with your arms and lift your sword's pommel upwards with your left hand and sink your point over their hilt and into their breast. Then if they rise up with their sword and shove your point upwards with their hilt, then wind your sword through under their crown into their arm using the slice and press. Like this, the crown is again broken. And with the pressing, slice firmly into their arms and withdraw yourself during the slice.

This is the text and the gloss about the four positions

68 Four positions alone
Defend from those and eschew the common
69 Ox, plow, fool,
From-the-roof are not contemptible to you

Gloss: Note the four positions. These are the four guards that you shall fence from.


The first guard is called the ox. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword next to your right side with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb is underneath your sword and hang your point toward their face.

Note, Put yourself in ox on the left like this: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword by your left side with your hilt in front of your head such that your thumb is underneath your sword and hang your point toward their face. This is the ox on both sides.

This is the second guard

Note that the second guard is called the plow. Put yourself together like this here: Set up with the left foot forwards and hold your sword with crossed hands with the pommel down by your right side at the hip such that the short edge is above and your point against their face.

Note. Put yourself in plow on the left side like this: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword by your right side with the pommel low at the hip such that the long edge is above and your point is in line with their face. This is the plow on both sides.

This is the third guard

Note the third guard is called the fool. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your right foot forwards and hold your sword in front of you with extended arms with the point upon the ground with your short edge turned upwards

This is the fourth guard

Note the fourth guard is called roof guard. Put yourself together like this here: stand with your left foot forwards and hold your sword on your right shoulder or with upstretched arms high over your head and stand in guard like this.

This is the text and the gloss of the four parries

70 Four are the parries
Which also severely disrupt the positions

Gloss: Note you have heard before that there are four guards. You shall also know this about the four parries: they break these same four guards. Furthermore, there is no actual parrying is called for in these, because the four parries are four cuts that break them.

Note the first cut is the crooked cut which breaks the guard that here is called the ox.

Note the second cut. This is the crosswise cut which breaks the roof guard

Note the third cut. This is the cockeyed cut which breaks the guard that here is called the plow

Note the fourth cut. This is the part cut which breaks the guard that here is called the fool

And how you should break the four guards with the cuts shall be found written previously in these same cuts.

This is the text and the gloss about how one shall not parry

71 Guard yourself from parrying
If this happens, it also severely beleaguers you.

Gloss. Note this is about how one shall not parry like the common fencers do. When they parry, they keep their point up in the air or to one side. This shows that they do not know to seek the four openings in the act of parrying. Therefore, they often become struck. But when you parry, parry with your cut or with your thrust and 'Indes' seek the nearest opening with the point so no master can strike you without their own harm.

This is the text and the gloss about when someone has parried you and what you should conduct against that.

72 If you are parried
And as that is arriving
73 Heed what I advise:
Break loose, cut quickly with violence.

Gloss. Note this is about when someone has parried you and will not withdraw themselves from your sword and intends to not allow you to come to any plays. In this case, rise up on their sword's blade with your sword as if you would abscond from their sword, but stay against their sword and cut back in against their blade directly at their head using your long edge.

This is the text and the gloss about the four lodgings

74 Lodge against four regions
Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish

Gloss. Note there are four lodgings that are called for in earnest combat. You shall conduct them when you wish to immediately slay or injure your opponent. Conduct them like this: When you initiate fencing with the opponent with your sword, move yourself with your sword into the guard of the ox or the guard of the plow. If they will then cleave in from above or initiate a thrust from below, note during the moment when they lift up their sword and will strike or will draw down toward themselves to thrust at you, that you go first and shoot in the long point to their nearest opening before they bring forth their cut or thrust and see if you can lodge against them. Do the same thing when they initiate an rising cut. When this happens, shoot in the point the moment before they go up with their rising cut. Conduct this to both sides. Then if they become aware of the lodging against, keep your sword against theirs and swiftly work to the nearest opening

This is the text and the gloss of the pursuing

75 Learn to pursue
Double or slice into the weapon
76 Two enticements to the outside
The work begins thereafter
77 And gauge the application
Whether they are soft or hard

Gloss. Note pursuing is diverse and varied and is required to be conducted with great caution from cuts and thrusts against the fencers that fight from free and lengthy cuts or will not otherwise keep to the proper art of the sword.

Conduct pursuing like this

When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards in the roof guard and watch quite attentively to what they fence against you. If they cleave in long from above, take heed that they do not reach you with their cut and not during the cut when their sword goes toward the ground, then spring in with your right foot, cleave in at their head from above before they can come up with their sword so that they are stricken.

The play written hereafter is called enticement to the outside

Note when the opponent misses their attack and you pursue into the opening with their cut, if they then rise up with their sword and come against your sword from below, remain strong upon it. Then if they firmly lift your sword upwards with theirs, spring behind their right foot with your left and strike them on the right side of their head with the crosswise cut or whatever, immediately working back around to their left side or otherwise with other plays thereafter, as you sense whether they are soft or hard at the sword.

Here note a good pursuing at the sword from rising cuts

Note when you fence against your opponent from rising cuts or from the sweeps or lay against them in the guard that is here called the fool. Then if they fall upon your sword with theirs before you can come upwards with something, stay against their sword like this with yours below and lift upwards. Then if they wind in their point into your face or breast while on your sword, do not let them get away from your sword and adhering to it and work with your point to their nearest opening. But if they strike around away from your sword then either follow behind or pursue them again with your point like before.

Note you shall pursue them from all cuts and from all guards as soon as you recognize when they miss their attack or they open themselves with their sword. But take care that you neither open yourself up nor miss your attack with your pursuing. Note this on both sides.

Precisely note here the text and the gloss about feeling and about the word that is here called Indes.


78 Learn to feel
Indes, this word cuts sharply

Gloss. Note that feeling and the word 'Indes' are the greatest and the best arts of the sword and whoever is or wishes to be a master of the sword yet cannot feel and cannot perceive the term 'Indes' in it, they are in fact not a master, rather they are a buffalo of the sword. Therefore you shall quite fully study the two things for all situations so that you correctly comprehend it.

Here note the lesson about feeling and about the word that is called Indes

Note when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing and one binds the other on the sword, in this, immediately feel as the swords clash together whether they have bound on soft or hard and as soon as you have sensed this, then reflect on the Indes. This means that you shall work swiftly at the sword within that perception before the opponent comes to their senses.

Here you shall note

That feeling and the word Indes are one thing, for one cannot be without the other. Look at it like this: When you bind against their sword, you must immediately feel whether they are soft or hard at the sword using the word Indes. And when you have felt that, then you must work 'Indes' according to the soft and according to the hard. Like this, they are nothing but one thing. And the word Indes, this is for all plays from beginning to end. Look at it like this:

Indes doubles,
Indes mutates,
Indes disengages,
Indes rushes through,
Indes takes the slice,
Indes wrestles with,
Indes takes the sword,
Indes does what your heart desires.

Indes, this is a sharp word. With it, all masters of the sword that neither know nor understand it will be carved up. This is the key of the art.

Here again note the text and the gloss about pursuing

79 Pursuing twice,
If one hits, make the old slice with it.

Gloss. Note this is about how you shall not forget to conduct the pursuing to both sides nor the slices therein. Look at it like this: When the opponent misses their attack before you, be it from the right or from the left side, boldly cut into the opening and follow them closely. Then if they rise up and bind against your sword from below, then note as soon as one sword clashes onto the other and then 'Indes', continue with a slice towards their neck or fall upon their arms with your long edge and slice firmly.

Here note the text and the gloss about the overrunning

80 Whoever takes aim from below
Overrun, then they will be shamed.
81 When it clashes above,
Strengthen, This I wish to praise.
82 Make your work
Or press hard twice.

Gloss. Note that this is about when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then cut from below to the lower openings, do not parry that, rather cleave in strong at their head from above. Or if they initiate a cut with rising cuts, then before they come up with their rising cut, shoot in the point into their face or breast long from above and lodge against them from above so they cannot reach you below. Because all of the upper lodgings break and free you from the lower. Then if they rise up and bind against your sword from below, then stay strong on their sword with your long edge and work swiftly to the nearest opening or let them work and if you come Indes then you hit them.

Here note that this is the text and the gloss of how one shall displace thrust and cut

83 Learn to displace
Skillfully disrupt cuts and thrusts
84 Whoever thrusts at you
Your point hits and their's breaks
85 From both sides
You will hit every time, if you step.

Gloss. Note the displacing. Conduct it like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then set themselves against you as if they will thrust, then advance your left foot and setup against them in the guard of plow from your right side and offer yourself open on your left side. Then, if they thrust into that opening, wind to your left side, your short edge against their sword engaging their thrust and displace it with that and step in with your right foot with that and stab them Indes in their face or in their breast.

Another play

Note when you setup in plow from your right side, if they then cleave in from above at your head on your left side, rise up with your sword, and with that wind to your left side against their cut such that your hilt is in front of your head and also step in with it with your right foot and stab them in their face or their breast. Conduct this play to both sides from the plow.

This is the text with the gloss about how one shall disengage

86 Whoever binds upon you
Disengaging surely finds them
87 Learn to disengage
From both sides stabbing sharply with it

Gloss. Note disengaging is many and varied. You shall conduct it against the fencers that like to parry and those that cut to the sword and not to the openings of the body. You shall learn quite well to conduct this with caution so that the opponent does not lodge against you nor otherwise come in while you disengage.

Conduct the disengaging like this

When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, cleave in strongly from above. Then if they cut back at you but to your sword and not to your body, then during your cut, let your point rush through below their sword before they bind onto your sword and stab them in the breast on the other side. Then if they become aware of the thrust, and immediately chase that thrust with an act of parrying, then disengage again. Always do this when they move behind your sword with a parry.

Or

When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, advance your left foot and hold the long point against your opponent's face. Then if they strike at your sword either down from above or up from below and will bat it away or bind against it strongly, then let your point sink down and stab them on the other side. Conduct this against all cuts where the opponent strikes at your sword.

Precisely note,

How you should disengage in such a way that the opponent does not lodge against you while you disengage. Look at it like this: When the opponent parries you and allow their point to go off to your side, boldly disengage and stab them on the other side. Or, if they remain with their point in front of your face or toward your other openings, then do not disengage. Remain on the sword and work with that to the nearest opening such that they cannot pursue, nor lodge against you.

Here note the text and the gloss about the withdrawing suddenly at the sword

88 Tread close in binds,
So that withdrawing suddenly gives good opportunities.
89 Suddenly withdraw. If they engage, suddenly withdraw more.
Uncover the work that does them harm.
90 Suddenly withdraw all engagements
If you wish to make a fool of the masters

Gloss. Note withdrawing suddenly is appropriate to conduct against the masters that bind strongly against the sword and remain still in the bind of the sword and await to see whether one will cut off in front of them or withdraw from the sword so that they might then pursue into the opening. To make a fool of or mislead these masters, conduct the withdrawing suddenly against them like this: Cut in strongly from above at their head from your right side. Then if they drive forwards strongly with their sword during your cut and will either parry or cut into your sword, then suddenly withdraw your sword towards yourself before they bind you and stab them on the other side. Do this against all engagements and binds of the sword.

Note another withdrawing suddenly

When the opponent has bound against you against your sword, if they subsequently stand opposing you in the bind and watch whether or not you withdraw from the sword, then act as if you will suddenly withdraw and stay at the sword and withdraw suddenly your sword towards yourself just to the mid-part of the blade and suddenly thrust back against their sword into their face or breast. If you do not rightly connect with your thrust, then work by doubling or otherwise with other plays, whatever seems best to you.

Here note the text and the gloss about the runing through and about the wrestling with the sword

91 Rush through, let hang
Grab with the pommel if you wish to grapple.
92 Whoever strengthens up against you,
Remember to rush through with it.

Gloss. Note rushing through and wrestling are double in the sword. For rushing through is both body wrestlings and then thereafter, the arm wrestlings and they are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to rush in.

Conduct the first rushing through like this

Note when the opponent rushes in on you and rises up high with their arms and wishes to overwhelm you with strength from above, rise up with your arms as well and hold your sword over your head with your left hand by the pommel and let your blade hang down behind over your back and pass your head down through their arms toward their right side and spring with your right foot behind their right and with that spring, drive ahead of them toward their left side with your right arm well around their body and fasten them like this to your right hip and throw them backwards on their head in front of yourself.

Yet another body wrestling

Note when the opponent rushes in on you with upstretched arms and you do the same, then rush through them with your head to their right side and let your sword hang back over your back as was written before and step ahead with your right foot in front of their right and drive through under their right arm back around their body with your right arm and fasten them to your right hip and throw them behind you. These two wrestlings go to both sides.

Yet another body wrestling

Note when the opponent rushes in on you to your right side and is high with their arms and you are as well, hold your sword in your right hand with your pommel shored against and shove their arm and their sword away from you with your hilt and spring ahead with your left foot in front of both their feet and pass your left arm way back around their body and fasten them to your left hip and throw them in front of you

Yet another body wrestling

Note when the opponent rushes in on you and is high with their arms and you are as well, you shall hold your sword in your right hand and shove their arm away from you with that and spring behind their right foot with your left and pass your left arm down through in front of their breast to their left side and fasten them to your left hip and throw them behind you. Conduct these two wrestlings on both sides.

Now note the arm wrestlings with the sword here:

Note when the opponent rushes in on you at the sword and holds their hands low, invert your left hand and between both of their hands seize their right with it and with that drag them to your left side and using your right, strike them with your sword across their head.

Or

If you do not wish to strike, then spring behind their left foot with your right and pass your right arm around their neck, ahead or behind and throw them over your right knee in this way.

Another arm wrestling

Note when the opponent rushes in at the sword and is low with their hands, let your left hand go from the sword and with your right crosswise out over their right hand and press down with that and seize them by their right elbow with your left hand and spring in front of their right foot with your left and shove them over it like this.

Another arm wrestling

Note when one rushes in on you at the sword, let your sword completely go and invert your right hand. And using that, take an outside grip of their right and with your left grasp them by their right elbow and spring in front of their right foot with your left and shove their right arm over your left with your right hand and lift them upwards with this. Like this, you can either break their arm or throw them over your left leg in front of you, whichever you wish.

Here note a sword disarm

Note when the opponent rushes in on you at the sword, invert your left hand and pass over their right arm with it and seize their sword between both of their hands and drag them to your left side with that so that you take their sword from them.

Another sword disarm

Note when the opponent parries you or otherwise binds against your sword, seize both swords in the crossing of the blades with your left hand and hold them both firmly together and drive forwards, down through with your pommel and over both their hands and drag them up to your right side with it, so that you keep both swords.

Here note the text and the gloss about cutting off

93 Cut off the hard ones
From below in both paths

Gloss. Note this is what you shall do when the opponent strongly binds atop your sword from above (or falls upon it). Look at it like this: When you initiate fencing from rising cuts or from sweeps or lay against your opponent in the guard of the fool, if they then fall upon that with their sword before your come up with yours, keep against their sword from below and lift upwards with your short edge. If they subsequently press your sword down firmly, then from their sword, sweep off backwards from beneath with your sword against their sword's blade, away from their sword and immediately cut back in against their sword from above on the other side at their mouth

Yet another

When you initiate fencing with rising cuts or lay in the guard of the fool, if the opponent subsequently falls onto that close to your hilt, before you come up with it such that their point goes out toward your right side, then swiftly rise up over their sword with your pommel and strike them in the head with your long edge. Or if they bind atop your sword such that their point goes out to your left side, then rise up over their sword with your pommel and strike them in their head with your short edge. This is called snapping.

Here note the text and the gloss about the four slices

94 Four are the slices
With two from below, two from above.

Gloss. Note the four slices. Firstly, know that the upper two are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to strike around from the bind of the sword or from an act of parrying to the other side with the crosswise cut or what have you.

Break that like this

When they bind against your sword on your left side and immediately strike back around from that with their left foot on your right side, fall across both their arms from above with your long edge and press them away from you with a slice. You shall always conduct this to either side when they strike around from an act of parrying or cuts away from the sword.

Note

The two lower slices are appropriate to conduct against the fencers that like to rush in with outstretched arms. Conduct them like this: When they bind against your sword and rises up high with their arms and rush in on your left side, twist your sword such that your thumb comes under it and drop into their arms with your long edge below their pommel and press them upwards with your slice.

Or if they rush in on you on your right side with outstretched arms, rotate your sword such that your thumb comes under it and drop into their arms with your short edge below their pommel and press them upwards with your slice. These are the four slices.

Here note the text and the gloss about the transformation of the slice

95 Turn your slice
To flatten, press the hands

Gloss. Note that this is how you should conduct the upper two slices from the lower two. Look at it like this: When the opponent rushes in on you with upstretched arms on your left side, invert your sword and drop into their arms with your long edge below their pommel and press firmly upwards and with that step to their right side and wind your pommel down through underneath and do not comr away from their arms with your sword. And turn your sword into the upper slice from the lower slice with your long edge across their arms.

Or

If the opponent rushes in on you on your right side with upstretched arms, then turn your sword into their arms and under their pommel and press firmly upwards and with that step to their left side, also let your pommel cross through below and turn your sword up over their arms with your long edge and press them away from you with that.

Here note the text and the gloss of the two lower hangings

96 Two hangings emerge
From the ground out of each hand
97 In every application
Cut, Thrust, Position, Soft or Hard

Gloss. Note that the two hangings from the ground, this is the plow on both sides and when you fence or wish to fence from those, you shall also have the feeling of whether they are soft or hard therein, in cuts and in thrusts and in all binds of the sword. You shall also conduct four winds from those and from each winding appropriately conduct one cut, one thrust or one slice and in other situations conduct all other applications as you would from the two upper hangings.

Here note the text and the gloss about the speaking window

98 Make the speaking window
Stand freely, watch their situation.
99 Strike them so that it snaps
Whoever withdraws themselves before you.
100 I say to you truthfully
No one defends themselves without danger
101 If you have understood
They cannot come to blows

Gloss. Note you have heard before about how you should place yourself with your sword into the four guards and how you should fence from them. You should now know about the speaking window, which is also a guard that you can stand fully secure in. And this guard is the long point which is the noblest and the best guard of the sword. Whoever fences from it correctly can constrain the opponent with it, such that they must allow themselves to be struck without their consent and cannot come back to neither strikes nor thrusts before your point.

Arrange yourself in the speaking window like this:

Whenever you move toward your opponent with the initiation of fencing, with whichever cut you approach them, be it a rising or descending cut, always let your point shoot in long to their face or to their breast during your cut. With that you constrain them such so that they must parry or bind on the sword. And when they have bound on, remain strong with your long edge against their sword and stand freely and watch their situation and for whatever they will fence against you. If they draw themselves back off from your sword then follow after them with your point to their opening. Or if they strike around to the other side leaving your sword, then bind in behind their cut strongly from above into their head. Or if they neither withdraw from your sword nor strike around, then work by doubling or otherwise using other plays as you subsequently sense weakness or strength in their sword.

This is another stance

And is also called the speaking window. Note when you have almost arrived at the opponent with the initiation of fencing, advance your left foot and hold your point long from your arms and against their face or breast before you bind on their sword and stand freely and watch what they will fence against you. If they will subsequently cut long and deep at your head, then rise up and wind into the ox with your sword against their cut and stab them in their face. But if they will cut at your sword and not to your body, then disengage and stab them on the other side. If the opponent rushes in and is high with their arms, then conduct the lower slice or rush through with wrestling. If they are low with their arms, then seek the arm wrestling. You can conduct all plays from the long point like this.

Here note the text and the gloss of the explanation of the four hangings and the eight windings of the sword to which the Zettel adheres to.

102 Who fully commands and correctly breaks
And makes complete irrefutable judgement
103 And breaks each one individually
Into three wounders,
104 Who hangs consumately and correctly
And delivers the winding with it
105 And considers the eight winds
With correct judgement
106 And unites them.
The windings, I differentiate trebly
107 Thus they are twenty
And four counting them individually.
108 From both sides
Learn eight windings with steps
109 And gauge these applications
Nothing more than soft or hard

Note this is a lesson and an exhortation of hanging and winding. You have to be well practiced and accomplished in this so that you can both swiftly take lead and correctly conduct a break against one of another fencer's plays from them. The hangings are four and Zettel for the ox above from both sides which are the two upper hangings and the plow below from both sides which are the two lower hangings. From the four hangings you shall deliver eight winds, four from the ox and four from the plow. And you shall further consider and correctly judge these eight winds in such a way that you shall conduct from each wind one of the three wounders, that is, a cut, a thrust or a slice.

Precisely note hereafter how you shall conduct the four winds from the two upper hangings, that is, from the ox both from the right side and from the left side.

Conduct the first two winds just from the right side like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, do it with your left foot forwards and hold your sword in front of your head on your right side in the ox. If they subsequently cleave in from above from their right side, wind your short edge against their cut, your short edge against their sword, again in ox and thrust in at their face from above. This is one wind.

Note

If the opponent parries your thrust with strength and force your sword off to the side, then remain on their sword and wind back to your right side up into ox and thrust in at their face from above. These are the two winds of the sword from the upper hanging of the right side.

Here note that there are two winds from the ox on the left side. Conduct them like this:

When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, setup in ox from your left side. If they subsequently cleave in from above from their left side, wind your long edge against their sword to your right side opposing their cut and thrust in at their face from above. This is one wind.

Note

If the opponent parries the thrust and press your sword to the side, then remain on their sword and wind the long edge onto their sword back to your left side and thrust in at their face from above. These are the four winds from the two upper hangings both from the left and from the right sides.

Now you shall know

That the plow from both sides, they are the two lower hangings. When you either move yourself into them or wish to fence from them, you shall conduct four winds both from the left and from the right sides, with all of their applications as you would from the upper hangings. In this way the windings become eight. And note every time you wind, in each one of the windings, you decide on the cut or on the thrust or on the slice. In this way, the twenty four plays come from the eight winds. And how you shall conduct the twenty four plays from the eight windings, you shall find all of this written in the glosses before.

Quite precisely note here

That you cannot correctly conduct the eight windings unless they are done with stepping from both sides and also that you must quite precisely gauge ahead of time nothing more than the two applications. They are: First, when they bind against your sword, whether they are soft or hard in their application. Second, wind and work to the four openings as is written before. Also know that all fencers that wind on the sword and do not know the feeling in the sword, they become struck. Therefore educate yourself so that you fully understand feeling and the word Indes, because all the art of fencing comes from these two things.

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  1. lit: All art has length and measure
  2. lit: zufechten