Jacob de Gheyn II

Jacob de Gheyn II
"Jacobus de Geyn, Antwerp Pict. et Sculpt." by Hendrick Hondius (1610)
Born	1565 Antwerp
Died	29 March 1629 (aged 64) The Hague
Spouse(s)	Eva Stalpaert van der Wiele
Occupation	Painter Engraver
Nationality	Dutch
Genres	Drill manual
Language	Dutch Early New High German Middle French
Notable work(s)	Wappenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen (1607)
Concordance by	Michael Chidester

Jacob de Gheyn II (Jacques; c. 1565 - 29 Mar 1629) was a Dutch painter and engraver, whose work shows the transition from Northern Mannerism to Dutch realism over the course of his career. De Gheyn painted some of the earliest female nudes, vanitas, and floral still lifes in Dutch art. He is credited with creating over 1,500 drawings, including landscapes and natural history illustrations.

De Gheyn was born in Antwerp and received his first training from his father, Jacob de Gheyn I, a glass painter, engraver, and draftsman. In 1585, he moved to Haarlem, where he studied under Hendrik Goltzius for the next five years. He moved again, to Leiden, in the middle of the 1590s. De Gheyn married Eva Stalpaert van der Wiele of Mechelen in 1595. His son, Jacob de Gheyn III, was born in 1596, and grew to become an engraver in his own right, as well as the subject of a portrait by Rembrandt.

De Gheyn's work attracted the attention of wealthy sponsors, and his first commission was for an engraving of the Siege of Geertruidenberg from Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange. This event, from 27 March to 24 June 1593, had been more of a demonstration of power by Prince Maurits, than an actual war, and had even attracted tourists. As a publicity stunt, the siege and its subsequent engraving were successful in propagating an image of Prince Maurits as an able general. Around 1600, de Gheyn abandoned engraving, and focused on painting and etching. Moving to The Hague in 1605, he was employed often by Dutch royalty, designing a garden in the Buitenhof for Prince Maurice which featured the two first grottoes in the Netherlands. After Maurice's death in 1625, de Gheyn worked for his brother, Frederick Henry.

HEMA Contributions

In 1607, de Gheyn created a series of prints illustrating militia drill with the calvera, musket, and pike. They were published in 1607-8 in the Hague, Netherlands, under the title Wappenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen ("Weapon-handling of Calvers, Muskets, and Pikes"); also included were anonymous descriptions and commentary in Danish, Dutch, English, French, and German editions.

Because a modernized English translation has not yet been produced from one of the original languages, the text of 1607 English publication has been placed in the first transcription column.

Preface and Introduction

Images	No Translation	English Transcription (1607)  by Michael Chidester	Danish Transcription (1607)	Dutch Transcription (1607)	French Transcription (1608)	German Transcription (1608)
		[Ttl] The Exercise of Armes For Calivres, Muskettes, and Pikes	Waabenhandling, om Rør, Musketter oc Spedser. ,	[Ttl] Page:Wappenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen (Jacob de Gheyn II) 1608.pdf/1	[Ttl] Maniement d'Armes d'Arquebuses, Mousquetz, et Piques.	[Ttl] Waffenhandlung von den Rören, Musquetten, undt spiessen.
		After the ordre of his Excellence. Maurits Prince of Orange Counte of Nassau etc. Governour and Captaine generall over Geldreland. Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht. Overyssel. etc.	firgurlig affbildit. Med skrifftlig Undervisning. Med Kbbr. og dansk, tydsk, hollandsk, fransk og engelsk Text. : effter den høyborne førstes og herres herr Moritz, Printz aff Oranien ... ordning beskreffuedt		En conformite de lordre de Monseigneur le Prince Maurice , Prince d'Orange, Comte de Nassau &c. Gouverneur et Capitain General de Geldres, Hollande, Zeelande, Utrecht, Overÿssel &c.	Gestalt nach der ordnung des hochgebornen Fursten und herrn, herrn Moritzen Printzen zu Oranien, Graffen zu Nassaw &c. Gubernatorn und Capitein General uber Geldelandt, Hollandt, Zeelandt, Utrecht, Oberyssel &c.
		Set forthe in figures by Jacob de Gheyn.			Representé par figures, par Jaques de Gheén.	Figurlichen abgebildet durch Jacob de Geÿn.
		With written Instructions for the service of all Captaines and Comaundours. For to showe hereout the better unto their jong or untrayned Souldiers the playne and perfett maner to handle these Armes.			Ensemble les enseignemens par escrit A l'utilite de tous Capitaines et commandeurs, pour par cecé, pouvoir plus facillement enseigner a leurs soldatz in experimentez, l'entier et parfait maniement dicelles armes.	Mitt beÿgefugten Schrifftlichen Undterrichtungen zum dienst aller und ieden Hauptloüthe, und befehlickhabere. damit sie aud dieser anzeigung Thro Junge und unerfahrne Soldaten zur volkommenen handtlung derselben waffen desto besser abrichten konden.
		Printed at the Hage. With Priviledge of the Emperours Ma.tie the King of Fraunce, and the Noble and mightye Estates General of the united Provinces			Imprimé a la Haÿe en hollande, avec Privilege de l'Empereur du Roy de France, Et de Nobles et Puisanse Seigneurs Messeigneurs les Estatz generaulx des Provinces unies.	Gedruckt ins Graven hagen in Hollandt. met privileg: der Kay: Maÿt: des Könings in Franckreich und der Ed: M: Herrn Staten general der vereinigten Niederlanden.
					Illustrissimo Principi, maximo duci, Mauritio Nassauio Pr Araus. copiarum Federati Belgii imperatori, disciplinae militaris parenti, has excultae ab ipso armaturae affigies salutaris curae monumentum, dicabat Iacobus Geinius.
		[3] To the Prince. Nor your highnes, nor any man to whose vew this present booke shall come, shall need to finde it strange, either, why it hath borrowed an English habitt, or shrowded it selfe under so great a protection: since on the one side it represents unto You that manner of exercise of Armes, which hath for many yeares bene practised in this schoole of warre, the United Provinces, and that, by a Captayne whose worth (I thinke) not any part of the world is ignorant of: in which warre the valure of the English and Schottish nations (now Brittaynes) hath bene of that speciall marke and note, that, for readye use of theyr Armes, provident care of the Commaunders and commendable obedience of the Souldier towards his chiefe, it can not be denyed but that the Provinces have received verye acceptable services at theyr handes. On the other side: to whom could I (in judgement) more fitly and (as I may saye) justly, addresse the proprietye of a worke of this worthe and nature? then to a Prince descended from so many powerfull and victorious Kinges, who even by destyny and judgement of all the world, is not onely the heyre of theyr Fortunes, but an inheritour of theyr vertues also: then to a Prince the sonne of the most puissant Kinge of all his predecessours: who, though he blesseth his Realmes with the sweetenesse of peace, yet (doubtelesse) he placeth the securitie of that content, in the due and lawfull exercise of Armes. Lately, to whom rather (I saye) should I dedicate this worke? then to a Prince, that through the light of his owne proper example, doth so much beautifye and ennoble the practise of Armes, who even in the fore-springe of his yeares and amidst so many other princely entertaynements fitt for his youth and state, doth yet give such a lustre to this of Armes, by the coutinuall familiaritye he hath with them in his often practise, that I thinke I may saye, and saye truely, that the most true and perfect knowledge of them is rather to be found with your Highnes, then brought to You. Therefore, as all those excellent professours of excellent sciences (wherein yet your Highnes excells them all) are every one in speciall duety bound, to give the best testymonye they can of theyr thankefulnesse, both in regard of the favour which some receive in being nere You, and also of the honour which You doe to all theyr professions, in not disdayninge to participate with theyr industries: So have I in all humble and due respect, thought it fitt, to tender You this acknowledgement of myne, hopinge that your Highnes shall receive no small contentement, by addinge the longe experience of the Nether-lands practise to Your owne knowledge of ancient Histories, and those wise and deep-grounded instructions of that great Monarche the Kinge Your Father. Your Highnes his. Most humble servant in all duetye at command. Jacob de Gheyn.
		[5] To Those That Love the Exercise of Arms Wissheth Jacob de Gheyn Heath and prosperitie. It is out of all doubt, that neither the quietneße of a common wealthe without armes, nor the armes without convenient or due exercise, can stand or be maintained. Which hath not onely bene well considered by the old sages or wise, that have undertaken to give any examples of lawe, but is approoved by the effectuall experience of the most famous Townes and People, that have preserved their Estate chieflye by those meanes. And examining the further course of the whole World, we shall find, that the soveraigne powre hath alwayes bene by those which here in did most surpasse theyr neighbours. The Grecians, in the time thye have bene in theyr most shyning glorie have much embraced this point, and therein by theyr witt not little proffited. Yet the Romains have farre surpaßed here in as well those as all others, and ever exercised theyr youth at all kinde of armes by those whom they called Campi-doctores or Mastres of the field. Which maner is playnelye showed unto us, in the writinges that are thereof come to our handes, the same reason standeth fast for ever, and with all nations. But in regard that not onely the use but even the armes them selves are much changed chiefly sithence the findinge out of Gun pouder, it can not be denied but that wee can reape small or no benefite by the old rehearsals, without wee have neewe instructions. His Princely Exce. therefore the Earle Maurice of Naßau &c. to whose care (by the Lords Estates generall of the united Provinces) is left the charge of defending so worthie countries and the conducting of a warre which is taken for a schoole or patterne to the whole World, Like as he throughout the whole militarie order (before his times much decayed) hath restored and partelye brought to the examples of the old, partely by his owne inventions amended and adorned, so hath he taken great regard to the exercise of Armes, as one of the principall partes of the militarie ordre, where out are risen such comodites as unto every man is knowne not onely in these Countries but also in the uttermost partes of the worlde. [6] perly set downe in the ende ech severall picture with his severall difference of stand or posture and that to give truer light to the judgement of the observer. But above all is to be well considered that which seemes here to require a leasurly and slow proceeding in the apprehension (by reason of the smalenes of the sculpture which could not conveniently be otherwise formed) that I say) must the industrious learner with a diligent practise strive to bringe to a nimble and quicke readines of action. Nevertheleße so, as that in the best fashon and with the most care and providence he make it appear that it is to offend the ennemy without hurting or anoynig him self or his fellowe, the rest the written instructions and the pictures shall shewe.

Caliver

Images	No Translation	English Transcription (1607)  by Michael Chidester	Danish Transcription (1607)	Dutch Transcription (1607)	French Transcription (1608)	German Transcription (1608)
		[7] Shorte Instruction Upon the Contrefaictinges, Touching the Right Use of Calivers, for the yonge or inexpert Shot, which instruction by Cypher letters is agreeing or answering orderly with every picture. And because here to are joyned some pictures of standing still for sentenels, to shew how the souldier in tyme of need (readie with his peece) shall stand, there fore doe the writinges also there of agree with every figure or picture, according his number.
		In the 2. figure is taught, how he going and preparing him self to shoote, shall take the peece from the neck, that is to say, he shall not with the left hand pull the peece from the shoulder, but shall take it with the right hand onely (like as this figure sheweth) beyond the great skrue, because the peece fals there, (benig ballanced in the hand) much lighter, and shall take it of with one hand alone (whereby shall be sene that he is mayster of his peece) sinking it a little in the left hand without bending or hanging his bodye towards it.
		In the 3, how he shall hold and governe the peece before he take it in the left hand, he shall with the right hand hold the peece in ballance, with the mouth upwards, without tutching the bodye, and have readie the left hand to meete the peece and to receavce it in the same.
		In the 4. how he shall carye the peece in the left hand, standing and going, not onely easely and well, but also hold it in ballance in the same hand, that it doe not lye to high nor to low, and also not hurt his fellowe if the peece went of by chaunce, setting for ease and suretye sake the elbow against his hyppe, like as this figure teatcheth.
		In the 5. how he shall well and proprelye take the match out of the left hand with the tumb and second finger, holding alwayes the peece in a due hight, as well for the ease, as for not to hurt his fellowe unadvisedlye, and although that generally (for some good respects) we have ordayned to take the matche betwixt the thumb and second finger, yet is it not our purpose so precisely to binde a man thereto, as that he maye not take the same betwixt the thumb and two next fingers, if that be easier for him.
		In the 6. how he shall blow of the match and hold it wel betwixt the thumb and second finger, before he do put it upon the Cock, that is to saye, he shall bring the match handsomely neare the mouth, and blow of the same under the hand, without bending him self to much thereto, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 7. how he shall with the thumb and the second finger, bring the match into the Cock, and not skrue it in, for to loose no tyme and is te be understood, that he alwayes a fore hand, shall direct the widenesse of the Cock to the thicknesse of the match, for to be the sooner readie to shoote.
		In the 8. how he shall hansomly trye his matche and with the thum and second finger governe the same, to the end he may make it presently longer, shorter, as also higher, and so set the fame that the peece do not faile or refuse him.
		In the 9. how he shall blow of the match speedely and well, and being well blowne of, finely with open armes and with the two fore fingers cover the pan lid for the sparkes, and shall open the same [8] without bending him selff towards it, bringing handsomely the peece to his mouth, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 10. how he shall present the peece, from above downewards, and not from beneath opwards, to the ende he doe no harme te his fellowe, that goeth a fore him, (if by chaunce the peece went of) and also that the bullet that can not alwayes (especially in tyme of haste) be rammed in, do not fall out.
		In the 11. how he shall set the peece against his brest and present it, bowe his head, hold up the right elbow, and stand right and fall with his bodye, and because the peece shall be set against the brest and not against the shoulder, shall set the bodye to it: moreover how he shall bow in the knee the left legge, that must stand before, and hold styf and strong the right, legge that must stand behind, to the end he may bothe the better governe and discharge his peece, as also accomodate, him selfe in the presentinge of it.
		In the 12. how he shall (having shott) take the peece oderly from his cheeke, and hold it up least he should hurt his fellowe if the peece (fayled before) should chaunce then unawares to goe of.
		In the 13. how with the same fingers where with he set the match in the cock, he shall handsomely rake it againe awaye, not pluckinge or twitchinge it, as also, that by such unheedynes he put not the coale of the matche out.
		In the 14. how he shall joyne the match againe betwixt the fingers where he hath had it out at the setting of it up, holding still the peece upwards.
		In the 15. how he shall blow out the panne standing yet open, and having shot of the peece, becanse (if any sparck should be remayning therein) the tutch-boxe doe not take fire at the putting in of neew pouder, and so hurt him self, making (to winne tyme) in the meane whyle the tutchboxe readie.
		In the 16. how he shall put the pouder in the panne out of the tutch-boxe, and not out of the charges or flaske, for not to loose tyme in drawing or turning of the same, holding in the meane tyme the peece upwards, for the reasons a fore said.
		In the 17. how he shall put to the panne with his fore finger. like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 18. how he shall cast or shake the pouder or cornes of from the panne, if any might lye upon it, because the peece shall not go of, when he shall come to trye the match.
		In the 19. how he shall blow of againe the pouder, al thoug he have shaked it of, for more assurance.
		In the 20. if he will charge againe, how he shall turne the peece with the left hand, wich to do handfomely, he shall convaye it with the right hand under towards the left fide.
		In the 21. how he shall lett the peece sincke by the left side, and with the right hand take the flaske or bandelier.
		In the 22. how he shall open the charge of the flaske, or els if he doe weare a bandolier, he shall doe like as is shewed by the Musquettiers.
		In the 23. how he shall put the pouder out of the greater flaske, holding alwayes the peece from the ground, if he be able to doe it.
		In the 24. how he shall with a turned hand draw the skowring stick out of the stock, and hold the peece from the ground, like as this figure sheewes.
		In the 25. how he desiring to take the skowring stick shorter in his hand, shall turne the end of the same (which is the end that furst he pulled out (and thrust it to his bodye, slippinge the hand quickly to the neather end, to bringe it the better and the steadyer into the peece and if he will shoote with a bullet he shall take the bullet with the same hand (wherewith he now hath the skowring stick shorter) out of his mouth or from thence where he carrieth his bullets, and with like quicknes put it into the mouth of the peece.
		In the 26. how he shall with the skowring-stick ramme in the pouder and the bullet together, holding alwayes the peece from the ground, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 27. how he shall with the in syde of his hand turned from hym draw the skowring stick out of the peece, holding alwayes the peece from the ground.
		[9] In the 28. how he shall (to take shorter the skowring-stick) thrust the same againe to the bodye, as is taught before.
		In the 29. how he shall (having the skowring-stick under and the end) surely and with speede put the same in the stock againe.
		In the 30. how he (desirous to take the peece againe in the right hand) shall bring the same first with the left hand before him, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 31. how he shall with the right hand take the peece belowe under at the great skrue, and hold it upwards, being readye to laye it againe upon his shoulder.
		In the 32. how he shall with one hand lay the peece againe upon the shoulder, being very readie with the other hand,to hold it fast there upon.
		In the 33. how he having the peece upon his shoulder, going to be sentinel shall hold and carye it againe, like as is sayd at the first figure.
		In the 34. how he standing sentenell and will make him readie, shall with one hand take the peece from the shoulder, as is taught before.
		In the 35. how he standing sentenell, and having taken the peece from the shoulder, shall receive it in the left hand.
		In the 36. how he (standing sentenell having the peece in the left hand) shall hold the right arme or elbow som what from hym with his hand at the Seer, and the stock against the right hippe, like as this figure teatcheth.
		In the 37. how he (standing sentenell) shall hold and governe the peece in ballance in the left hand, for to have the right hand at libertye.
		In the 38. how he (standing sentenell) shall well and orderly take the match out of the left hand with the thumb and second finger.
		In the 36. how he (standing sentenell) shall bring the match with the thumbe and second finger towards the mouth, and blow it of, holding in the meane time the peece in ballance in the left hand.
		In the 40. how he (standing sentenell) shall with the thumbe and second finger Cock the match, without skruing the same in, as is taught before.
		In the 41. how he (standing sentenell) shall with the thumb and second finger guide and conveniently trye the match.
		In the 42. how that he (standing sentenell that vpon any sodeine occasion he maye be readye) shall with the two foremost fingers cover the panne, to prevent the falling of any sparkes, provided alwayes that his match be light and Cockt, ready to discharge.
		The words of Command. By which the Captaynes shall command theyr Souldiers orderly, all what they have to doe with the peece. Which words also agree by order upon every figure. 1. Shoulder your Peece and marche. 2. Unshoulder your Peece. 3. And with the right handhold it up. 4. In the left hand take your Peece. 5. In the right hand take your matche. 6. Hold wel your match and blow it of. 7. Cock your match. 8. Try your match. 9. Blow your match, and open your pann. 10. Present your Peece. 11. Give fire. 12. Take downe your Peece, and in the left hand hold it well. 13. Uncock your matche. [10] 14. And joyne it againe betwixt your fingers. 15. Blow out your pan. 16. Proyme your pan. 17. Shut your pan. 18. Shake of your pan. 19. Blow of your pan. 20. Turne about your peece. 21. And to your left side let it sinke. 22. Open your charges. 23. Charge your peece. 24. Your skowring-stick draw out. 25. Your skowring-stick take shorter. 26. Ramme your pouder. 27. Your skowring-stick draw out your peece. 28. And take it shorter. 29. Put up your skowring-sticke. 30. With the left hand bring forward your Peece. 31. And with the right hand hold it up. 32. Shoulder your Peece. 33. Hold your Peece well upon your shoulder, and marche to the place of garde. 34. Unshoulder your peece. 35. And in the left hand let it sinke. 36. Hold your Peece well. 37. With the left hand alone hold your Peece. 38. In the right hand take your match. 39. Blow of your match. 40. Cock your match. 41. Try your match. 42. Garde your pan and stand readie.
		Generall Command. Hold up the mouth of the Peece. Here to must a Comandour looke, and alwayes have his eyes upon his Souldiers, and use them to hold the Peece alwayes upwards, for to prevent all mischief.

Musket

Images	No Translation	English Transcription (1607)  by Michael Chidester	Danish Transcription (1607)	Dutch Transcription (1607)	French Transcription (1608)	German Transcription (1608)
		[11] Shorte Instruction For the Figures: So Much as Concerneth the Right Use of Muskett for the yonge or inexpert Souldier, which instruction doth orderly agree with the Cypher letters of eche figure. And because there be some figures of stilstandinghe postures here after annexed, as found fitt for sentinels to use, to shew how a souldier in tyme of neede shall stand readie with his Musket in the Musket rest, therefore are the sayd instructions following appropriated to every figure according to theyr number.
		Muskettier. First of all is shewed to every Muskettier, how he shall handsomely carye his Musket and his Musket rest, That is to saye: that he having the rest in his right hand, shall at every pace when he goeth, set it foreward in the earth, having a fore hand made a little string at it for to trayle the same if need be, letting the Musket come with the skrue (which is fast by the Seer) close to the shoulder, the hand about the hollowe or thum place, and the matche burning or kindled at bothe endes, betweene the twoo smalest fingers, of the same hand, lettingh the same hange downe at the in side of the stock, because he may put it up at all occasions (if need be) and to use the one and the other ende by changing, shal also alwayes besides flaske or charges, have a tutch boxe with tutch pouder, to put onely out of the same the pouder in the panne.
		In the 2. figure is shewed, how he shall in an other maner carye his Musket rest, when he will make him readie to shoote, that is to saye, he shall carye the reft close to the Muskett in the left hand, letting the rest (so farre als the Iron is) come above the hand, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 3, how he shall, when he will take the Musket from his neck let the Musket rest sinke a little through the left hand without help of the right hand, and together with the right hand alone, easelye take the Musket from his shoulder, and take hold beyond the great skrue, because the Musket is there (in regard of his weight) lighter, letting the same sinke a little in the left hand, without bending the bodye to it.
		In the 4. how he shall hold up the Musket with the right hand onely for to receive the same with the reft in the left hand, that is: he shall not let the Musket fall in the other hand, but shall meet it with the left hand, and joyne the lame betwixt the thumbe and the reft handsomelye.
		In the 5. how he shall hold the Musket with the rest in the left hand onely, and that the Musket be neither to highe nor to lowe, but in ballance, and have his right hand free, setting the elbowe for the more strenght, against his hyppe, without trayling the Musket rest, onles the souldier weare to weake or to wearye.
		In the 6. how he shall well and readily take the matche out of the left hand with the thumbe and the second linger holding ever the Musket in a due height.
		In the 7. (having taken the matche betwixt the thumbe and second finger) how he shall bring the match to the mouth and blow it of without bowinge hym to much towardes it.
		In the 8. how with the thumbe and second finger he shall orderly cocke the match, and not skrue it in. having before directed the widenesse of the cocke to the thicknesse of the matche.
		In the 9. how he shall handsomely trye and governe the matche with the thumbe and second finger to the ende he maye presently let it higher, lower, longer or shorter.
		In the 10. how he shall blow of the match and together with the two fore fingers cover the pan lidde (for feare of sparkes falling therin) and also open the same handsomely.
		[12] In the 12. how he shall present well and hold the Musket and the rest in the left hand, beating the right arme or elbow somwhat up and turning a little the bodye to the left side, the left knee bowed and the right legge straight, and this not onely for fashions sake, but also that the Muskett may be helde and shott of the surer. Besides must be regarded that when he will present, he set the Musket hard (not against the shoulder) but against the brest: for it is so more gracefull besides he shall not laye his cheeke to the stocke before he have set the Musket to his brest, because it hath other wayes no grace, much lesse can he shoote surely but to the contrarie for the most part slubbers it over in haste.
		In the 13. how he having discharged shall trust the Musket a little forward, take up the rest and hold the same with the Musket in the same hand. and not trayle it, onles he were to wearie holding alwayes the Musket up, for feare of hurting any man, if the Musket should chaunce not to have gone of.
		In the 14. how he shall oderley take the matche out of the cock with the same fingers he put it in, not pluckinge or snatchinge it out for feare of deadinge the coale.
		In the 15. how he shall joyne againe the match betwixt the fingers where he hath taken it out, and ever hold the Musket in a meet height.
		In the 16. how he shall blow of the sparkes, if any be remayned in the pann, to the ende the tutch-boxe do not rake fire, when he will put pouder in it, where by he might hurt him self, having in the meane tyme the tutch-boxe in the right hand, for to loose no tyme.
		In the 17. how he shall put pouder in the pann out of the tutchbox, and not out of the charges, because the charges are drawne to and fro in charginge, and that is a great hinderance to the quicknes required in shooting.
		In the 18. how he shall shutt the panne with the fore finger like, as this figure sheweth.
		In the 19. how he shall cast the tutch pouder from the pann lidde, to the ende the Musket doe not go of unadvisedlye when he comes to trye the match.
		In the 20. how he shall blow the pouder of the pann lidde if any were remained there on, for more assurance.
		In the 21. how (to charge againe) he shall turne the Musket with the rest guydinge, or as it were, steeringe the same at the lower part or end with the right hand towards the left side.
		In the 21. how he having turned the Musket shall let the same sinke to the left side and trayle the rest, and to doe it more convenientlye the right hand must presently succour the left.
		In the 23. how he shall trust open the charges with the tumbe, trayle the rest and hold the Musket from the ground, if he be able.
		In the 24. how he shall charge the Musket out of the charges, letting the Musket rest yet trayle, but no waye sufferinge the Musket to come to the ground, if he be not to wearie.
		In the 25. how he shall with a turned hand draw the skowringstick out of the stock, traylinge the rest but not the Musket.
		In the 26. (desirous to take shorter the skowring-stick) how he shall thrust the same (turned) against the bodye letting the hand slippe hastely to the neather ende for to bring it the surer in the Musket and if he will shoote with a bullet, he shall with the same hand that tooke shorter the skowring-stick, take speedely the bullet out of his mouthe or place where he usually carrieth them, and so let it fall or roule into the Musket.
		In the 27. how he shall with the skowring-stick ramme the pouder and bullet together in the Musket trayling still the rest but not the Musket, if he be strong ynough.
		In the 28. how he shall with a turned hand draw the skowring stick out of the Musket againe, trayling the rest but the Musket from the ground, if he be able.
		In the 29. how (to take the skowring-stick shorter) he shall set the same againe to the bodye, as is sayd before.
		In the 30. how (having the skowring-stick under at the ende) he shall put the same surely and speedely againe in the stock.
		[13] In the 31. how (desiring to take the Musket againe in the right hand) he shall first bring it forward with the left hand, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 32. how he shall take the Musket againe with the right hand at the great skrue and hold it up, letting the Muskett rest (which is yet trayling) come forward the lenght off the string, to make it come readely in the left hand.
		In the 33. how he shall lightlye with one hand laye the Musket upon the shoulder, and yet in the meane tvme hold the rest.
		In the 34. how he, having layd the Musket upon the shoulder, shall againe carrye and hold the fame, as is alreadie sayd.
		In the 35. how he (desiringe to make him readye, standing sentinell) shall with one hand againe (as is sayd) take the Musket from the shoulder.
		In the 36. how, when he is in his place of sentinell and will fashion him selfe to his posture or garde, he shall laye the Musket in the rest, like as this figured teatcheth.
		In the 37. how (being now sentinell, and the Musket laye in the rest) he shall bear his right arme or elbow from hym, holding his hand at the Seer, and keeping the stock of the peece close to his right hippe: like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 38. how he, standing sentenell, shall hold before hym the Musket in the rest, so that he (having the Musket in ballance) maye governe the same with the left hand onely, and have free the right hand: as this figure sheweth.
		In the 39. how he (standing sentinell) shall take the match well and convenientlye with the thumbe and fore finger out of the left hand.
		In the 40. how he (standinge sentinell) shall with the thumbe and fore finger bring the match to his mouth and blow it of under the hand, holdinge in the meane tyme the Musket in due ballance upon the Rest, and that with the lefte hand onelye.
		In the 41. how he (standing sentinell) with the tumbe and fore finger shall cocke the matche without skruyng the same in, as is laid before.
		In the 42. how he (standinge sentinell) with the thumbe and fore finger shall guyde and trye the match handsomelye, holding (as is sayd) the Musket still in ballance.
		In the 43. how he (standing sentinell to be readye in tyme of need) shall stand with his matche cockte and the panne garded (for feare of sparkes) with the two fore fingers.
		The words of Command. Where by the Capitaynes shall orderly comand theyr Souldiers all what they have to do with theyr Musket and Musket reft, which words are also agreeing by ordre with every figure. 1. Marche with the Musket rest in your hand. 2. Marche, and with the Musket carye the rest. 3. Sinke your rest and unshoulder your Musket. 4. Hold up your Musket with the right hand and let it sinke in the left. 5. In the left hand hold your Musket and carye your rest with it. б. Take your match in the right hand. 7. Blow of your match and hold it well. 8. Cock your match. 9. Trye your match. 10. Blow of your match and open your pann. 11. Hold up your Musket and present. 12. Give fire. 13. Take downe your Musket and carye it with your rest. 14. Uncock your match. 15. And put it againe betwixt your fingers. 16. Blow your pan. [14] 17. Proyme your pan. 18. Shut your pan. 19. Cast of your pan. 20. Blow your pan. 21. Cast about your Musket. 22. Trayle your rest. 23. Open your changes. 24. Charge your Musket. 25. Draw out your skowring-stick. 26. Shorten your skowring-sticke. 27. Ramme in your pouder. 28. Draw your skowringe-sticke out of your Musket. 29. Shorten your skowringe-sticke. 30. Put up your skowringe-sticke. 31. Bring your Musket forward with the left hand. 32. And hold it up with the right hand and recover your rest. 33. Shoulder your Musket. 34. March and carye your rest with your Musket. 35. Unshoulder your Musket. 36. Lay your Musket in the rest. 37. Hold your Musket on the rest. 38. Hold your Musket in the rest, and with the left hand onely in ballance. 39. Take your match in the right hand. 40. Blow of your match. 41. Cock your match. 42. Try your match. 43. Garde your pann,and be readie.
		Generall Command. Hold up your Musket. And in regard it is a matter of no small consequence, a comandour shall alwayes have a speciall care and eye to his Souldiers to accustome them to hold ever the Musket with the mouth up, the better to prevent all mischieff.

Pike

Images	No Translation	English Transcription (1607)  by Michael Chidester	Danish Transcription (1607)	Dutch Transcription (1607)	French Transcription (1608)	German Transcription (1608)
		[15] Brief Instruction upon the contrefaictinges, Concerning the Right Use, of All what a Souldier needeth to know in handling of the Pike, for the yonge or untrayned Souldier, which instruction agreeth by nomber with every figure in order.
		Pikemen.
		In the using of the Pike is first shewed unto the Souldier how he (standing still) shall hold the Pike before him, governe it against the thumbe and take it up in three tymes, That is to saye: he shall not (for comelynes) set it with in or without the right foote, but just before him in the same line: well understanding that he is not bound to set the right foote alwayes before, His arme he shall hold not stretcht out butt a little bended and his hand about the height of his eyes.
		In the 2. figure is shewed, how, before the first changeinge of his holde, he shall with the right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and take it sodainely againe with the left hand towardes the neather ende, leavinge so much lengthe belowe as he can affterwardes reatch well with the right hand, like as this figure doth teatche.
		In the 3. how he, before the second changeinge of hold, shall lift up the Pike with the left hand and quickely with the right hand take the same at the ende.
		In the 4. how, before the third changeinge of hold, (having joyned the Pike with the left hand against the right arme) he shall governe the same against the sayde arme and carry it up, or advanced.
		In the 5. how (havinge carried the Pike advanced) he shall set the same downe upon the ground againe in three tymes, like as before, that is: he shall let the right hand with the Pike sinke a little together, and for the first changeinge of handes, with the left hand take the same upwards, like as this figure teatchet.
		In the 6. how, to change the second hold, he shall let the Pike sinke with the left hand and with the right hand quickely take the same heigher, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 7. how, at the third changeinge of holde, he shall governe the Pike with the right hand onely and set it againe upon the ground, as is taught in the first figure, and if he will then laye the Pike upon the shoulder, he shall doe that againe in three tymes, as followeth.
		In the 8 place is shewed, how, before the first changeinge of holde (havinge the Pike in the right hand) he shall let the same fall over a little against the thumbe and presently take it with the left hand close to the right hand, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 9. how he (before the second changeinge of hold) shall bringe the Pike foreward with the left hand and with the right hand take hold backward, the more handsomely and gracefully to lay the Pike on the shoulder.
		In the 10. how he (in the third changeinge of hold) shall carye the Pike levell upon the shoulder, hold the right arme up and the thumbe against the pike, not onely for fashions sake, but because he maye governe and carye the same the better.
		In the 11. how he shall carye the Pike slopinghe to avoyd the danger of hurting on an other when they marche close: and in the next figure shall beshewed how he (carrying the Pike levell or slopinge) shall let the same sinke when soever he will come to porte or otherwayes charge the pike, and how he shall set the same at three tymes againe upon the ground, and desiring to laye the same upon the shoulder, shall doe it at three tymes, as is taught before, But when he carrieth the Pike advanced he shall charge the same at one tyme.
		[16] In the 13. how he (before the second remoovinge of his hand) having brought the Pike with the sharpe end before, shall take the same with the right hand under at the end and lettinge it sinke handsomely downewards, shall so the more conveniently passe through the porte.
		In the 14. how he (at the thirde tyme) shall duely charge the Pike, the right arme stretcht out, havinge the same well in the right hand, setting the left elbowe fast against the hippe, and shall be taught how he shall set downe the Pike againe at three tymes or motions.
		In the 15. how he (before the first: changeinge of hands) with his right hand shall put downe the butt ende of the Pike, the better and more easelye to rayse the sharp end of the same.
		In the 16. how he (before the second changeinge of hand) shall take holde of the Pike with the right hand(aboue the left) so farr as hee easely can reache.
		In the 17. how he shall at the thirde tyme, sett the Pike downe to the ground, guyde it against the thumbe, and hold the same well as is sayd at the first figure, and shall in the two next figures be shewed, how he carrying the Pike up or advanced, shall charge the same at one tyme onely, but because in the former figures is sufficiently taught how he (the Pike standing downe) shall take it up againe, it shall therefore be needlesse to demonstrate it againe with the figures, but thus much shall serve onely for remembrance.
		In the 18. how, havinge at three times (as is sufficiently sayd here to fore) taken the Pike from the ground and the but end in his hand, he shall guyde and carrye the same advanced in the right hand against the same arme.
		In the 19. how he (havinge the Pike advanced) shall take the same with the left hand higher and at the same tyme charge withall, but if he desire to let the Pike downe againe, he shall doe it as is taught by the figures before. But if (having charged the Pike) he would carrye the same againe advanced, he shall doe it in one posture or motion.
		In the 20. how (standing at a porte at the marchinge in or out of any men) he shall hold the Pike at the point like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 21. how he (trayling the Pike) shall hold the same close at the point and set the right hand above the hippe fast to the bodye, and if he will charge or other wayes carrye the same, then he must (as it were) measure the Pike by palmes, handling it with convenient distance, like as the two next following figures shall shew.
		In the 22. how (before the first changeinge of hands havinge first so farr as he could put forward the Pike with the right hand) he shall (bendinge him self a little) palme or hand-on the same speedely, takinge it still from beneath or belowe.
		In the 23. how he (palminge forward) shall bringe the Pike with the left hand yet more forward, havinge brought the right hand which was the foremost before, to be now behynde upon the second change of the hande.
		In the 24. how (havinge brought the Pike (by palminge) forward to the end and having the same sure in his hand) he shall charge the same: but if he would in the former manner (that is traylinge) carry the sayd Pike, lett (hym by the sayd manner of palminge) bring the same backward againe. Here is to be considered that (although there be but two palminge figures here set downe) which some might take as if it were sayd that just in three remooves of the hande the Pike could be charged yet is not that our meaninge, but that following the example of those two palming figures, the learner must know that he is to palme or hand the Pike (by shifting hands) so long till he have recovered the lower or butt end of the Pike into his right hand.
		In the 25. how he (expectingt horsemen) shall set the Pike against the right foote and draw his sword over the left arme, like as this figure sheweth.
		In the 26. how, marchinge with the Pike upon the shoulder, he shall conveniently turne hym self to the left hand (if need be) and charge the Pike backward in three motions or remooves of the hand.
		In the 27. how he (before the first changeinge his hold or remoove of his hand havinge first with the right hand advanced the Pike from the shoulder) shall at the same tyme take hold of it some what foreward with the left hand, because in so doinge he maye more easely lifte the Pike over his head.
		[17] Iu the 28. how (havinge the Pike over the head in the left hand and already turned hym selfe to the left side) he shall (for the second remooving of hold) take the same with the right hand under at the end.
		In the 29. how (as is sayd before) he shall the thirde tyme charge the Pike backward and stand turned about. The three followinge figures shall shewe how he shall turne him selfe in three motions, and also how he shall stand or marche, like as is seene in the 26. figure.
		In the 30. how he (before the first remoovinge of the hand) shall reach and take the Pike farther with the left hand and prepare him selfe to turne.
		In the 31. how (having already turned hym selfe to the right side) he shall lift the Pike over his head with the left hand and receave or take the same somewhat more backward with the right hand.
		In the 32. how he (for the thirde tyme) shall carry the Pike againe in the right hand upon the shoulder sloped, levell or advanced, if need be.
		And seeing experience teatcheth, that the souldier can not speedely nor hansomely change the ordre of his Pike, but through knowledge how to handle and hold the same well, therefore are there, for his better instruction, certayne words of command hereby annexed together with the tymes of changeinge or remoovinge of the hands, which doe altogether agree both with the rules of instruction, as also with the Cypher numbers alloted to ech severall picture, to the ende that the Captaynes may shew or theatch theyr neew untrayned Souldiers the handlinge of the Pike after this manner, I meane so much as is necessary for theyr use, but havinge once obtayned the handling, the Souldier shall be then exercised with the words of command onely, wich words are set here after apart and without the distinctions of tymes, such as here immediatly follow.
		The words of Command. With the tyme of changeing of holde. [18] 18. Advance your Pike in three Tymes or Motions. [These three have but one figure marked with the number 18. because the other two are shewed before.]
		19. Charge your Pike in one motion.
		20. Cheeke your Pike. [19] Charge your pike backward. Right to your first order. Slope your pike.
		And although these words of commannd followe after this manner because the Pike must alwayes be sett downe againe, where by is thought that the Souldiere cann the sooner learne the perfect or fast handlinge of the same, yet is not the meaning that a man should be just bound to it alone but he maye aswell beginne at the middest or any other place, as well as at the beginninge to doe the Comands, and that as occasion serveth, which standes in the discretion of the expert Captayne or Comandour.

End Notes

Images	No Translation	English Transcription (1607)  by Michael Chidester	Danish Transcription (1607)	Dutch Transcription (1607)	French Transcription (1607)	German Transcription (1607)
		With Priviledge of the Emperours Matye.The French Kinges, and the Lords Estates of the United Provinces &c.
		Where of the contence is such. No man of what qualitie or condition soever he be, shall undertake to contrefaict this present bocke of the exercise of Armes, or any where els contrefaited-sell the same, with in theyr Empire Kingdome or Landes, in the tyme of eight yeares followinge, be it in small or great, in parte or whole, neither the writinges nor the figures, nor the order kept in this worke, any wayes to followe without expresse consent or leave of Jacob de Gheyn upon payne of losse of all the contrefaict worke, and three score pound sterling besides, as more plainely is to sene in the principall letters give here of unto him, &c.
		A remembrance for the Bookebindere. The writinges are (as also the figures) dealt as in three sundry partes, as Calivres, Muskets and Pikes, and shall be bound-in after this fashion: The wrytinges of the Calivres before the figures of the same, and the other writinges likewise, eche before theyr owne figures.

Copyright and License Summary

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Work	Author(s)	Source	License
Images	Jacob de Gheyn II	Rijksmuseum
Translation
Danish Transcription
Dutch Transcription		Index:Wappenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen (Jacob de Gheyn II) 1608.pdf
English Transcription	Michael Chidester	Index:The Exercise of Armes For Calivres, Muskettes, and Pikes (Jacob de Gheyn II) 1607.pdf
French Transcription		Index:Maniement d'Armes d'Arquebuses, Mousquetz, et Piques (Jacob de Gheyn II) 1608.pdf
German Transcription		Index:Waffenhandlung von den Rören Musquetten undt Spiessen (Jacob de Gheyn II) 1608.pdf