Difference between revisions of "Man yt Wol (MS Harley 3542)"

Man yt Wol
	MS Harley 3542, British Library; London, United Kingdom
Type	Commonplace book
Date	ca. 1440
Place of origin	British Empire
Language(s)	Medieval Latin ; Middle English ;
Author(s)	Unknown (fencing manual) ; Roger de Baron ; John Dastin Roger Frugard ; Ralph Hoby ; Ramon Llull ; Johannes Pauper ; John Sawtry ; Guillelmus Sedacerius ;
Material	Paper, with a British Library binding
Size	118 folia (145 mm × 200 mm)
External data	Library catalog entry
Other translations	Alternate English translation ; Alternate English translation ;

Latest revision as of 15:05, 30 May 2024

The MS Harley 3542 is a compilation manuscript containing a fencing manual, created in England in the early to mid 15th century.^[1] It currently rests in the holdings of the British Library in London, United Kingdom.^[2] The manuscript seems to be three separate works bound together, including two alchemical compendia (ff 1-16, 17-94) and a medical compendium (ff 95-118). The fencing treatise, known as Man yt Wol ("The Man that Will"), comprises ff 82-85 of the larger manuscript. Along with the Cotton Titus manuscript and the Ledall manuscript, this is one of only three extant treatises on Medieval English martial arts.^[2]

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS Harley 3542 is:^[2]

1500s - owned and annotated by Thomas Byard, vicar of Bockerill [Devon].
1600s - owned by Samuel Knott (d. 1687), rector of Combe Raleigh and priest of Broad Hembury, co. Devon.
1600s-early 1700s - owned by Robert Burscough (1650/51-1709), prebendary of Exeter in 1701, archdeacon of Barnstaple in 1703, rector of Cheriton Bishop in 1705.
17 May 1715 - acquired by Robert Harley (1661-1724), 1st earl of Oxford and Mortimer, politician.
1724-1741 - owned by Edward Harley (1689-1741), 2nd earl of Oxford and Mortimer.
1741-1753 - owned by his widow, Henrietta née Cavendish Holles (1694-1755) and her daughter Margaret Cavendish Bentinck (1715-1785), duchess of Portland.
1753 - sold for a fraction of their value to the British Museum (at the time of its founding).
1973 - moved to the British Library (at the time of its founding).

Draft Modernization by Jon Pellett	Transcription by Alfred Hutton
The Use of the Two-handed Sword The first playing and beginning of the substance of the two-handed sword / the first ground begins with an hauke bearing in with the foot with a double round with 3 feet outward and as many homeward making end of the play with a quarter cross smitten with an hauke snatch setting down by the foot.	[82r] The Use of the Two-hand Sworde The ferste pleyng & begÿnyng of the substansce of ye too honde swerde / ye ferst gronde be gynyth w an hauke beryng inwt ye foote wt a double rownde wt. iij . fete howtewarde & as meny homward makyng ende of ye play wt a quarter cros smetyn wt an hauke snach settyng down by ye foote.
The 2nd lesson is 2 haukes with 2 half haukes cleaving the elbows with the same 2 double rounds aforesaid with 3 foot outward and as many homeward.	The .ij. lesson ys .ij. haukys wt ij. halfe haukys cleuÿg ye elbowys wyth ye same .ij. doublylrowndys forsayde wt .iij. foote owtward . & as meny hamward.
The 3rd lesson is a spring upward . with an hauke quarter . down by the cheek . with 3 double rounds standing borne on the head . with a double round born in with the foot . with . 3 outwards.	The .iij. lesson ys a sprynge vpward . wt an hauke quarter . downe by ye cheke . wt iij. doubylrowndys stondÿg borne on ye hed . wt a dowbylrownde born in wt ye foote . wt .ij. outwards.
The 4th lesson is with a double hauke with 2 double rounds bearing in with a step upon both feet.	The .iiij. lesson . ys wt a dowbil hauke wyth .ij. doubil rowndis berÿg inwt a step vp on bothe feete.
The 5th lesson is with an hauke meant over the head . but bear it up with a step . break off the earth with running rounds on the head with 2 half haukes borne with 2 cock steps of the foot.	The .5. lesson ys wt an hauke menyd our ye hede . but bere ht vp wt a step . breke of ye erthe wt rënyng rowndis on ye hede wt .ij. halfe havkis born wt .ij. koc stappis of ye foete.
The 6th lesson bear out the earth with 3 cock steps and so come home out of danger again.	The .6. lesson bere ovte ye erthe wt .iij. koc stapps & so come home ovte of danger a gayne.
The 7th lesson is . Smite an hauke cross . cross over the elbows with a back step and so smite it on the feet.	[82v] [T]he .7. lesson ys . Smyte an hauke cros . cros our ye elbovys wt a bak stop & so smyte ht on ye fet.
The 8th lesson is with an hauke cross smitten with a back step borne with both feet and a contrary hauke homeward borne with 2 steps.	[T]he .8. lesson ys wt. an hauke cros smytÿ wt a bakstep born wt bothe fete & a contrary hauke hamward born wt.ij. steppis.
These be stroke and rule of the two-handed sword to make his hand and his foot accord.	[T]hese ben stroke & revle of ye .ij. hondswerd to make hys hond & ys foete a corde.
The play of the two-handed sword between 2 bucklers is . first take a sign Of the ground there the play between 2 bucklers . make first a sign to them^[3] with a large hauke down to the ground . with . 3 rolling strokes . with an hauke to the other side.	[T]he pley of ye .ij. hondswerd by twene .ij. bokelers ys . fyrst take a sygne Of ye gonde ther ye pley by twene .ij. bokelers . make ferst a sygne to hë wt a large hauke down to ye grownde . wt .iij. rollyng strokis . wt an hauke to ye oder side.
The 2nd lesson is a chase . or an hauke with a quarter borne in with a cock step and an hauke borne in with a chase foin . that made up with a light spring.	[T]he .ij. lesson ys a chase . or an hauke wyt a quartr born in wt a kocstep & an hauke born in wt a chase foyn . y made vp wt a lygte sprÿg.
The 3rd lesson is . a chase . with 2 haukes cleaving the elbows.	[T]he .3. lesson ys . a chase . vt .ij. havkys cleuyng ye elbovis.
The 4th lesson . is a chase smitten with 2 half rounds . with 2 cock steps . a quarter with a step an hauke with a chase foin . with the stroke aventure smitten on 3 feet . and made up with a rake down. ~ borne up with a double hauke . and so serve the stroke aventure upon both feet.	[T]he .4. lesson . ys a chase smetÿ wt .ij. half rowndis . wt .ij. kocstoppis . a qrter wt a steppe an hauke wt a chase foyn . wt ye stroke a venture smetÿ on .iij. fete . & made vp wt a rake down . ~ bore vp wt a dovbil hauke . & so serue ye stroke aüetur vp on bothe fete.
The 5th lesson . is a chase with an hauke & with a back step standing on the foot . & playing on that other side a quarter and the same chase . and an hauke with a step . and an hauke with a chase foin contrary smitten . and so smite in with both feet i made up with 2 half haukes . with 2 back steps . and with the running.	[T]he .5. lesson . ys a chase wt an hauke & wt a bakstep stondÿg on ye foote . & playng on yt othr syde a qrter & ye same chase . & an hauk wt a step . & an hauke wt a chase foyn contry smy// [83r] ten . & so smyte in wt bothe feete i made vp wt .ij. halfe hauke . wt .ij. bakstoppis . & wt ye rënyng.
The 6th lesson is . 2 hauke quarters rounds with a broken half hauke a laying down to the foot with a contrary hand this is the first laying a down.	[T]he .6. lesson ys .ij. hauke qrters rovnys wt a brokyn halfe hauke a leyng dovn to ye foete wt a contrary honde ys is ye fyrst leyng a dovne.
The 7th lesson and the first taking up is 3 rakes upward and 3 downward . and going in with a great step . with double quarter well smitten . bearing out with the foot a broken half hauke setting down the sword by the foot.	[T]he .7. lesson & ye fyrst takyng vp ys .iij. rakys vpward & .iij. dovneward . & gan inwt a grete steppe . wt doubyl qrter wel smytÿ . berÿg ovte wt ye foete a brokyn halfe hauke settÿg downe ye swerde by ye foete.
The 8th lesson and the second laying a down of thy sword . 2 haukes with a quarter and 3 with the foot with a broken hauke . a laying down to the foot with a contrary hand.	[T]he .8. lesson & ye secnde leÿg a dovne of thy swerde .ij. haukys wt a qrter & iii wt ye foete wt a brokyn hauke . a leÿg dovne to ye foete wt a cötrary honde.
The 9th lesson and the second taking up of thy sword is 3 haukes on each side standing on the earth still with a stop bor meant on the earth . with an hauke quarter borne with a step . and with a double quarter hand and foot borne over the head . an hauke meant setting down thy sword by thy foot.	[T]he .9. lesson & ye secnde takÿg vp of thy swerde ys .iij. haukys on euych syde stondyng on ye erthe stil wt a stop bor menyd on ye erthe. wt an hauke quartr born wt a step . and wt a doubyl qrter honde & foete born our ye hede . an hauke menyd settyng thy swerd by thy foete.
The 10th lesson and the 3rd laying down of thy sword is a quarter and in with the foot and an hauke broken at the cheek and then a double hauke about the head broken . and then in with a spring of the foot . with a stroke aventure . with a quarter and with a snatch . laying to the earth with a contrary hand.	[T]he .10. lesson & ye .iij. Ieyng dovne of thy swerd ys a qrter & in wt ye foete & an hauke brokÿg at ye cheke & then a doubil hauke a bovte ye hed brokyn . & then in wt a sprÿge of ye foete . wt a stroke auëture . wt a qrter & wt a snache . leyng to ye erthe wt a cötrary hond.
The 11th lesson and the 3rd taking up is with a spring with that on hand right up on to the face^[4] with an half round broken into a step with a reverence^[5] to the cross of thy hilt with a long quarter stroke smitten flat down by the back . with a double broken spring back the foot a drawing . and in with a long rake double . in with the foot walking and on each foot 2 rakes and at the walk's^[6] end smite in 4 rakes double born into a step . and so the other rakes in to the walk^[7] end . and double that^[8] one into a step . again turning in with a long double rake with a step . & with that other hand spring up thy sword to thy right shoulder and smite thy stroke aventure with an hauke setting down thy sword by thy foot.	[T]he .11. lesson & ye iij. takÿg vp ys wt a sprynge wt yt on hond rigte [83v] vp on to ye visage wt an halfe rounde broky in to a step wt a reuence to ye cros of thy hilte wt a long cartar stroke smety flat dovne by ye bak . wt a doubil brokÿ spryng bak ye foete a drawyng . & in wt a long rake dobil . in wyth ye foete walkyng & on eche foete .ij. rakys . & at ye alurys ende smyte in .iiij. rakys doubille born into a step . & so ye other rakys in to ye alure ende . & dovbil yt on in to a step . a gayn turnÿg in wt a long dovbil rake wt a step . & wt yt othr hond spryng vp thy swerd to thy rygt shulder & smyte thy stroke auëtur wt an hauke settÿg dovne thy swerd by thy foete.
To Encounter with the Two-handed Sword And as for the first countenance of the two-handed sword . thou shalt walk in with 3 foot to thy adversary with a bold spirit and a merry heart with a single quarter . and a single quarter wasted with a quarter stroke and thus smite thy counter both off and on and let thy hand and thy foot accord together in good offence.	To Incounter wth the Two Hand Sworde _And as for ye first contenance of ye .ij. höd swerd . thou shalt walk in wt .iij. foete to thy adursary wt a bold spyrte & a mery herte wt a sengyl qrter . & a sengil quartr wastyd wt a cartr stroke and thus smyte thy conter bothe of & on & lete thy hond & thy foet a corde to geder in goede afense.
The 2nd counter is with a double quarter with the foot going . & . a double quarter wasted into a step & in with thy foot & smite a large hauke up into the sky . with a double snatch.	[T]he .ij. conter ys wt a doubil quartr wt thy foete goyng . & a dobyl quartr wastid in to a step & in wt thy foete & smyte a large hauke vp in to ye skye . wt a doubil snache.
The 3rd lesson of the counter is . a rake on each foot going till thou come to thy adversary . with a double quarter with whole defence borne with another double quarter with whole defence break in & a sign a touch with a large spring & smite with fierce stroke meant with whole defence & so smite this counter both off & on . & bovre thy strokes of each of thy counters.	[T]he .3. lesson of ye countr ys . a rake on eche [84r] foete goyng till thou come to thy adusary . wt a doubil quartr wt hole defence born wt an othr dobil qrter wt hole defence breke in & a sygne a toche wt a large sprynge & smyte wt fers stroke menyd wt hole defence & so smyte ys cowntr bothe of & on . & bovrel thy strokis of eche of thy cowntris.
The 4th counter is 2 half rounds. With a turn foin . bearing in the foin with a quarter. & an hauke at the sky with a snatch with thy whole defence born before thee^[9] . & this counter must be smote with transposing of thy earth of both feet for sureness of defence.	[T]he .4. cowntr ys .ij. halfe roundys. Wyth a tnye foyne . beryng in ye foyne wt a qrter . & an hauke at ye skye wt a snache wt thy hole defence born a for the . & ths cowntr most be smete wt tnsposyng of thy erthe of bothe fete for surenesse of defence.
The 5th counter is an half round of the second foot . & then smite 2 double haukes & both sides whole . & broken enter in^[10] with the first foot, with a double quarter . & so smite a quarter stroke but turn him with a stroke aventure with whole defence . & smite this counter both off and on . & let thy eye, thy foot, & thy hand accord in thy defence . the cause of stroke aventure is called . for a man turns his back on his enemy.	[T]he .5. cowntr is an halfe rownde of ye secnde foete . & than smyte .ij. dobil haukys & bothe sides hole . & brokë enter hÿ wt ye ferst foete . wt a dobil qrter . & so smyte a cartr stroke but tne hym wt a stroke auëture wt hole defence . & thvs smyte ths cownter bothe of & on . & lete thy eye . thy foete . & thy honde a corde in thy defence ye cause of stroke auëture is callyd . for a ma tnyth hys bak to hys enmy.
The 6th counter is bearing in with 3 foins on both feet . & look thou turn hand & foot & smite a large quarter . & bear in a step with thy back naked borne . & smite a large hauke with fierce heart & draw him strongly up to the sky.	[T] he .6. cowntr ys beryng in wt .iij. foynys on bothe fete . & loke thou t¨ne hond & foete & smyte a large qrter . & ber in a stop wt thy bak nakyd born . & smyte a large hauke wt fers hert & draw hym sor vp to ye skye.
The 7th counter is meant 3 meant foins & transpose them both going & coming . & smite thy foins with in thy single quarter . & at the last quarter smite a large spring with a lusty step forward & then a chase foin.	[T]he .7. cowntr ys menyd .iij. menyd foyns & träspose hä bothe goyng & comyng. & smyte thy foynys wt in thy sengyl quartr . [84v] & at ye last quartr smyte a large sprynge wt a lusty stop a fore & then a chace foyne.

84v - 85r

Completed Modernization
by Terry Brown

Transcription
by Terry Brown

[1]

[5]

[10]

[15]

[20]

[25]

[30]

[35]

[40]

[45]

The Play with the Two-Handed Sword in Verse

man that will to the two hand sword learn both close & clear,
he must have a good eye both far & near.
& an in step & an out step & a quarter strike
A cantel/cautel, a double, an half for his companions.
Two rounds and an half with a good cheer
This is the first counter of the two hand sword sere
Bind them together & say godspeed
Two quarters and a round a step thou him bid
A rake with a spring where thou him abide
Fall in with a strike & stride not too wide
Smite a running quarter out for his side
Fall upon his harness if he will abide
Come in with a rake in every a side
A whole round and an half danger so it betide
4 quarters and a round and a ventures stroke with
Bere up his harness and get thou the grith
Double up lithely and do as I say
Fall in with a strike & bear a good eye
A spring & a round & step in with
spare not a strike if he lie in thy kith
smite a running quarter sore out of thy hand[s]
Abide upon a pendent and lose not thy land
Smite in the left foot & cleave right down
Gather out of thy right hand & smite a strike round
fiercely smite thy strokes together
and hold well thy land that it may be seen
thy rakes, thy rounds, thy quarters about
thy steps, thy foins, let them fast rout
thy springs, thy quarters, thy rebats also
Bear a good eye & let thy hand go
fie on a false heart that dare not abide
When he sees rounds & rakes running by his side
Flee not hastily for little pride
For little Knows thy adversary What him shall betide
let strokes fast follow after his hands
And strike round with a step & still that thou stand
Grieve not greatly though thou be touched a light
For an after stroke is better if thou dare him smite
A good round with a strike & smite right right down
Gather up a doublet & spare not his crown
With a round & a rake abide at a bay
With a running quarter set him out of his way
These are the letters that stand in his sight
To teach, or to play, or else for to fight
These are the strokes of your whole ground
For hurt, or for blow, or else for death's wound

[84v] The play with the 2-hand sword in verse

man þ^t wol to þ^e tohond swerd lern boþ^e close & cler/
he most have a goede eye boþ^e fer & ner//
& an in stop · & an owte stop · & an hauke q^ūrter ∪
A cantel · a doblet . an half for hys fer//
Too rowndys · & an halfe w^t a goode chere
This ys þ^e ferste cownter of þ^e toohond swerd sere//
Bynde hē to gedere & say god spede ✔
two q˜rters & a rownde a stap þ^u hŷ bede//
a rake w^t a spryng þer þ^u hŷ a by de ~
ffalle ī w^t an hauke & stride noʒte to wyde/
Smyte a rēny̆g q^ūrter owte for hys syde
Fal a pon hys harneys yf he wole a byde
com in w^t a rake in eu^ey a syde
An hole rownde & an halfe • Wath so ht be tyde
·iiij· q^ūrters & a rownd · & auēturs stroke wyth
Ber^e up hys harnes & gete þ^u þe gryth
dobyl vp lyʒthy & do as y seye
ffal in wt an hauke & ber^e a goede eye
A spryng & a rownde & stap ī wyth
spar noʒth ā hauke yf he lye in þy kyth
smyte a rēny̆g q^ūrter sor^e owte of þy honde
A byde a pon a pēdent & lese not þy londe
Smyte ī þe lyfte foete & cleue ryʒt doune
Geder oute of þy ryʒte hond & smyte ā hauke rounde//
ffresly smyte þy strokis by dene ~
and hold wel þy lond þath hyt may be sene
[85r] thy rakys · þy rowndis · þy q^ūrters abowte
thy stoppis · þy foynys · lete hē fast rowte
thy spryngys · þy quarters · þy rabetis also
Ber^e a goede eye & lete þy hond go
ffy on a false hert þ^t dar not a byde
Wen he seyþ rovndys · & rakys rēnyng by h^s side
ffle not hastly for a lytil pryde
ffor lytil Wote þy adusary Wath hy̆ shal betide
lete strokys fast folowe aft^r hys honde
And hauk rovnde w^t a stop & stil þ^t þ^u stond
Greve not gretly þov þ^u be tochyd a lyte
ffor ā aft^r stroke ys bet^r yf þ^u dar hy̆ smyte
A gode rovnde wt an hauke & smyte ryʒt dovne
Gedyr vp a doblet & spar^e not hys crovne
W^t a rownde & a rake a byde at a bay
W^t a rēnŷg q^ūrter sette hŷ oute of hys way
Thys buþ^e þ ^e lettrs þ^t stondŷ in hys syʒte
To Teche · or to play · or ellys for to fyʒte
These buþ^e þ^e strokys of þy hole grovnde
ffor hurte · or for dynte · or ellys for deþys wonde

85r - 94v

Recipes for medical and alchemical processes

95r

Collection of texts on pulse in Middle English, followed by verse on pulse and humors in Latin

95v - 97r

Gualterius, De pulsibus

97v - 100v

Text on women's medicine (De ornatu mulierum)

101r - 102r

Treatise on medical herbs (Materia medica)

103r - 110r

Astronomical-medical treatise by Ralph Hoby

110r

Eight-line poem on pulses

110v - 111r

Notes on urine (De urinis tractatus)

111rv

Notes on urine (Omnis urina est colamentum sanguinis)

111v - 112r

Text on phlebotomy

112r

Three paragraphs on astrological reckoning for bloodletting

112v

Pen drawing of bloodletting man, with text on veins, but veins not marked

113r - 115v, 116v

Excerpts of Rogerina minor by Roger de Baron

115v - 116v

Excerpts from Summa parva (?) by Roger Frugard

116v

Tables on latitudes of seven climates, all with Greek names

117r - 118v

Pseudo-Nennius, De mirabilibus Britannie maioris

118v

De mensuris

Gallery

Folio 82r

Folio 82v

Folio 83r

Folio 83v

Folio 84r

Folio 84v

Folio 85r

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Bradak, Benjamin 'Casper'; Brandon Heslop (2010). Lessons on the English Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-734-5.
Gaite, Pierre (2018). "Exercises in Arms: the Physical and Mental Combat Training of Men-at-Arms in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries." Journal of Medieval Military History XVI. Ed. by Kelly DeVries; John France; Clifford J. Rogers. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 9781783273102.
Geldof, Mark Ryan (2011). Þe Herte Þe Fote Þe Eye to Accorde: Procedural Writing and Three Middle English Manuscripts of Martial Instruction [Unpublished MA dissertation]. University of Saskatchewan. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-2011-08-77
Hester, James (2006). 'The Vse of the Two Hand Sworde': The English Fight Manual of MS Harley 3542 (A Critical Edition) [Unpublished thesis]. University of York.
Hester, James (2009). "Real Men Read Poetry: Instructional Verse in 14th-century Fight Manuals." Arms & Armour 6(2): 175-183. doi:10.1179/174962609X417590.
Hutton, Alfred (2002). The Sword Through the Centuries. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0486425207.
Voigts, Linda Ehrsam (2008). "Wolfenbüttel HAB Cod. Guelf. 51. 9. Aug. 4º and BL, Harley MS. 3542: Complementary Witnesses to Ralph Hoby's 1437 Treatise on Astronomical Medicine." Electronic British Library Journal 2008. doi:10.23636/952.

References

↑ Terry Brown. "A Transcription of ff. 84-85 of Harleian 3542 (A verse describing the use of the Two hand Sword)". Anglo-Saxon Books Ltd. http://aaoema.com/Two-Hand-Sword-Translation-SECURE.pdf. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Explore Archives and Manuscripts". British Library. Retrieved 08 August 2016.
↑ or each other, or him, hë
↑ visage
↑ reuence
↑ allure's
↑ allure
↑ or it, yt
↑ a for the
↑ or him, or quickly, hÿ

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Images
Modernization (82r - 84r)	Jon Pellett	MEGALOPHIAS His Page
Modernization (84v - 85v)	Terry Brown	American Academy of English Martial Arts
Transcription	Alfred Hutton, Terry Brown	Index:Man yt Wol (MS Harley 3542)

[Brown-1] Terry Brown. "A Transcription of ff. 84-85 of Harleian 3542 (A verse describing the use of the Two hand Sword)". Anglo-Saxon Books Ltd. http://aaoema.com/Two-Hand-Sword-Translation-SECURE.pdf. Retrieved 30 June 2010.

[BL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Explore Archives and Manuscripts". British Library. Retrieved 08 August 2016.

[3] r each other, or him, hë

[4] visage

[5] reuence

[6] ure's

[7] ure

[8] r it, yt

[9] r the

[10] r him, or quickly, hÿ

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

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+  | Material           = Paper, with a British Library binding
-  | Size               = 118 [[folia]]
+  | Size               = 118 [[folia]] (145 mm × 200 mm)
   | Format             =
   | Condition          =
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
    | {{English translation|http://www.angelfire.com/planet/megalophias/harleymodern.html|1}}
   }}
-  | below              = [[File:Edition.jpg|link=http://aaoema.com/Two-Hand-Sword-Translation-SECURE.pdf]]
+  | below              =
 }}
 The '''MS Harley 3542''' is a compilation manuscript containing a [[fencing manual]], created in [[nationality::English|England]] in the early to mid 15th century.<ref name="Brown">{{cite web |url=http://aaoema.com/Two-Hand-Sword-Translation-SECURE.pdf |title=A Transcription of ff. 84-85 of Harleian 3542 (A verse describing the use of the Two hand Sword) |author=Terry Brown |date= |work= |publisher=Anglo-Saxon Books Ltd |accessdate=30 June 2010}}</ref> It currently rests in the holdings of the [[British Library]] in London, United Kingdom.<ref name="BL">"[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS040-002049374 Explore Archives and Manuscripts]". [[British Library]]. Retrieved 08 August 2016.</ref> The manuscript seems to be three separate works bound together, including two alchemical compendia (ff 1-16, 17-94) and a medical compendium (ff 95-118). The fencing treatise, known as ''Man yt Wol'' ("The Man that Will"), comprises ff 82-85 of the larger manuscript. Along with the [[MS Cotton Titus A xxv|Cotton Titus]] manuscript and the [[Ledall Roll (Additional MS 39564)|Ledall manuscript]], this is one of only three extant treatises on Medieval English martial arts.<ref name="BL"/>
@@ Line 150: / Line 151: @@
    | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Modernization}}<br/>by [[Jon Pellett]]</p>
@@ Line 162: / Line 163: @@
 |-
-| <p>The 2nd lesson is 2 haukes with 2 half haukes cleaving [cleuing] the elbows with the same 2 double rounds aforesaid with 3 foot outward and as many homeward.</p>
+| <p>The 2nd lesson is 2 haukes with 2 half haukes cleaving the elbows with the same 2 double rounds aforesaid with 3 foot outward and as many homeward.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082r.png|2|lbl=-}}
@@ Line 174: / Line 175: @@
 |-
-| <p>The 5th lesson is with an hauke meant [menyd] over the head . but bear it up with a step . break off the earth with running rounds on the head with 2 half haukes borne with 2 cock [koc] steps of the foot.</p>
+| <p>The 5th lesson is with an hauke meant over the head . but bear it up with a step . break off the earth with running rounds on the head with 2 half haukes borne with 2 cock steps of the foot.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 6th lesson bear out the earth with 3 cock [koc] steps and so come home out of danger again.</p>
+| <p>The 6th lesson bear out the earth with 3 cock steps and so come home out of danger again.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082r.png|6|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 7th lesson is . Smite an hauke cross . cross over the elbows with a back step [stop] and so smite it on the feet.</p>
+| <p>The 7th lesson is . Smite an hauke cross . cross over the elbows with a back step and so smite it on the feet.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|1|lbl=82v}}
@@ Line 194: / Line 195: @@
 |-
-| <p>The play of the two-handed sword between 2 bucklers is . first take a sign Of the ground [gonde] there the play between 2 bucklers . make first a sign to them<ref>or each other, or him, hë</ref> with a large hauke down to the ground . with . 3 rolling strokes . with an hauke to the other side.</p>
+| <p>The play of the two-handed sword between 2 bucklers is . first take a sign Of the ground there the play between 2 bucklers . make first a sign to them<ref>or each other, or him, hë</ref> with a large hauke down to the ground . with . 3 rolling strokes . with an hauke to the other side.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 2nd lesson is a chase . or an hauke with a quarter borne in with a cock [koc] step and an hauke borne in with a chase foin . that [y] made up with a light spring.</p>
+| <p>The 2nd lesson is a chase . or an hauke with a quarter borne in with a cock step and an hauke borne in with a chase foin . that made up with a light spring.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 3rd lesson is . a chase . with 2 haukes cleaving [cleuing] the elbows.</p>
+| <p>The 3rd lesson is . a chase . with 2 haukes cleaving the elbows.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|6|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 4th lesson . is a chase smitten with 2 half rounds . with 2 cock [koc] steps . a quarter with a step an hauke with a chase foin . with the stroke aventure smitten on 3 feet . and made up with a rake down. ~ borne up with a double hauke . and so serve the stroke aventure upon both feet.</p>
+| <p>The 4th lesson . is a chase smitten with 2 half rounds . with 2 cock steps . a quarter with a step an hauke with a chase foin . with the stroke aventure smitten on 3 feet . and made up with a rake down. ~ borne up with a double hauke . and so serve the stroke aventure upon both feet.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|7|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 5th lesson . is a chase with an hauke & with a back step standing on the foot . & playing on that other side a quarter and the same chase . and an hauke with a step . and an hauke with a chase foin contrary smitten . and so smite in with both feet i made up with 2 half haukes . with 2 back steps [bakstoppis] . and with the running.</p>
+| <p>The 5th lesson . is a chase with an hauke & with a back step standing on the foot . & playing on that other side a quarter and the same chase . and an hauke with a step . and an hauke with a chase foin contrary smitten . and so smite in with both feet i made up with 2 half haukes . with 2 back steps . and with the running.</p>
 |
 {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 082v.png|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083r.png|1|lbl=83r|p=1}}
@@ Line 227: / Line 228: @@
 |-
-| <p>The 9th lesson and the second taking up of thy sword is 3 haukes on each side standing on the earth still with a stop bor [borne?] meant [menyd] on the earth . with an hauke quarter borne with a step . and with a double quarter hand and foot borne over the head . an hauke meant [menyd] setting down thy sword by thy foot.</p>
+| <p>The 9th lesson and the second taking up of thy sword is 3 haukes on each side standing on the earth still with a stop bor meant on the earth . with an hauke quarter borne with a step . and with a double quarter hand and foot borne over the head . an hauke meant setting down thy sword by thy foot.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 10th lesson and the 3rd laying down of thy sword is a quarter and in with the foot and an hauke broken [brokyng] at the cheek and then a double hauke about the head broken . and then in with a spring of the foot . with a stroke aventure . with a quarter and with a snatch . laying to the earth with a contrary hand.</p>
+| <p>The 10th lesson and the 3rd laying down of thy sword is a quarter and in with the foot and an hauke broken at the cheek and then a double hauke about the head broken . and then in with a spring of the foot . with a stroke aventure . with a quarter and with a snatch . laying to the earth with a contrary hand.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083r.png|6|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 11th lesson and the 3rd taking up is with a spring with that on [one?] hand right up on to the face [visage] with an half round broken into a step with a reuence [reverence?] to the cross of thy hilt with a long quarter [cartar] stroke smitten flat down by the back . with a double broken spring back the foot a drawing . and in with a long rake double . in with the foot walking and on each foot 2 rakes and at the walk's [allure's] end smite in 4 rakes double born into a step . and so the other rakes in to the walk [allure] end . and double that [or it, yt] one [on] into a step . again turning in with a long double rake with a step . & with that other hand spring up thy sword to thy right shoulder and smite thy stroke aventure with an hauke setting down thy sword by thy foot.</p>
+| <p>The 11th lesson and the 3rd taking up is with a spring with that on hand right up on to the face<ref>visage</ref> with an half round broken into a step with a reverence<ref>reuence</ref> to the cross of thy hilt with a long quarter stroke smitten flat down by the back . with a double broken spring back the foot a drawing . and in with a long rake double . in with the foot walking and on each foot 2 rakes and at the walk's<ref>allure's</ref> end smite in 4 rakes double born into a step . and so the other rakes in to the walk<ref>allure</ref> end . and double that<ref>or it, yt</ref> one into a step . again turning in with a long double rake with a step . & with that other hand spring up thy sword to thy right shoulder and smite thy stroke aventure with an hauke setting down thy sword by thy foot.</p>
 |
 {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083r.png|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083v.png|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
@@ Line 242: / Line 243: @@
 | <p>{{red|b=1|To Encounter with the Two-handed Sword}}</p>
-<p>And as for the first countenance of the two-handed sword . thou shalt walk in with 3 foot to thy adversary with a bold spirit and a merry heart with a single quarter . and a single quarter wasted with a quarter [cartr] stroke and thus smite thy counter both off and on and let thy hand and thy foot accord together in good offence.</p>
+<p>And as for the first countenance of the two-handed sword . thou shalt walk in with 3 foot to thy adversary with a bold spirit and a merry heart with a single quarter . and a single quarter wasted with a quarter stroke and thus smite thy counter both off and on and let thy hand and thy foot accord together in good offence.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083v.png|2|lbl=-}}
@@ Line 250: / Line 251: @@
 |-
-| <p>The 3rd lesson of the counter is . a rake on each foot going till thou come to thy adversary . with a double quarter with whole defence borne with another double quarter with whole defence break in [broken?] & a sign a touch with a large spring & smite with fierce stroke meant [menyd] with whole defence & so smite this counter both off & on . & bovre thy strokes of each of thy counters.</p>
+| <p>The 3rd lesson of the counter is . a rake on each foot going till thou come to thy adversary . with a double quarter with whole defence borne with another double quarter with whole defence break in & a sign a touch with a large spring & smite with fierce stroke meant with whole defence & so smite this counter both off & on . & bovre thy strokes of each of thy counters.</p>
 |
 {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 083v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084r.png|1|lbl=84r|p=1}}
 |-
-| <p>The 4th counter is 2 half rounds. With a turn [tne] foin . bearing in the foin with a quarter. & an hauke at the sky with a snatch with thy whole defence born before thee [a for the] . & this counter must be smote with transposing of thy earth of both feet for sureness of defence.</p>
+| <p>The 4th counter is 2 half rounds. With a turn foin . bearing in the foin with a quarter. & an hauke at the sky with a snatch with thy whole defence born before thee<ref>a for the</ref> . & this counter must be smote with transposing of thy earth of both feet for sureness of defence.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 5th counter is an half round of the second foot . & then smite 2 double haukes & both sides whole . & broken enter in [or him, or quickly, hÿ] with the first foot, with a double quarter . & so smite a quarter [cartr] stroke but turn [tne] him with a stroke aventure with whole defence . & smite this counter both off and on . & let thy eye, thy foot, & thy hand accord in thy defence . the cause of stroke aventure is called . for a man turns his back on his enemy.</p>
+| <p>The 5th counter is an half round of the second foot . & then smite 2 double haukes & both sides whole . & broken enter in<ref>or him, or quickly, hÿ</ref> with the first foot, with a double quarter . & so smite a quarter stroke but turn him with a stroke aventure with whole defence . & smite this counter both off and on . & let thy eye, thy foot, & thy hand accord in thy defence . the cause of stroke aventure is called . for a man turns his back on his enemy.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 6th counter is bearing in with 3 foins on both feet . & look thou turn hand & foot & smite a large quarter . & bear in a step [stop] with thy back naked borne . & smite a large hauke with fierce heart & draw him strongly [sore] up to the sky.</p>
+| <p>The 6th counter is bearing in with 3 foins on both feet . & look thou turn hand & foot & smite a large quarter . & bear in a step with thy back naked borne . & smite a large hauke with fierce heart & draw him strongly up to the sky.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>The 7th counter is meant [menyd] 3 meant [menyd] foins & transpose them both going & coming . & smite thy foins with in thy single quarter . & at the last quarter smite a large spring with a lusty step forward [stop a fore] & then a chase foin.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>The 7th counter is meant 3 meant foins & transpose them both going & coming . & smite thy foins with in thy single quarter . & at the last quarter smite a large spring with a lusty step forward & then a chase foin.</p>
-|
+| class="noline" |
 {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084v.png|1|lbl=84v|p=1}}
 |}
@@ Line 279: / Line 280: @@
    | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Modernization}}<br/>by [[Terry Brown]]</p>
@@ Line 288: / Line 289: @@
 {| class="zettel"
 |-
-| <br/>
+| class="noline" | <br/>
 <small>[1]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[5]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[10]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[15]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[20]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[25]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[30]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[35]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[40]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[45]</small>
-| {{red|b=1|The Play with the Two-Handed Sword in Verse}}
+| class="noline" | {{red|b=1|The Play with the Two-Handed Sword in Verse}}
 man that will to the two hand sword learn both close & clear,<br/>&emsp;he must have a good eye both far & near.<br/>& an in step & an out step & a quarter strike<br/>&emsp;A cantel/cautel, a double, an half for his companions.<br/>Two rounds and an half with a good cheer<br/>&emsp;This is the first counter of the two hand sword sere<br/>Bind them together & say godspeed<br/>&emsp;Two quarters and a round a step thou him bid<br/>A rake with a spring where thou him abide<br/>&emsp;Fall in with a strike & stride not too wide<br/>Smite a running quarter out for his side<br/>&emsp;Fall upon his harness if he will abide<br/>Come in with a rake in every a side<br/>&emsp;A whole round and an half danger so it betide<br/>4 quarters and a round and a ventures stroke with<br/>&emsp;Bere up his harness and get thou the grith<br/>Double up lithely and do as I say<br/>&emsp;Fall in with a strike & bear a good eye<br/>A spring & a round & step in with<br/>&emsp;spare not a strike if he lie in thy kith<br/>smite a running quarter sore out of thy hand[s]<br/>&emsp;Abide upon a pendent and lose not thy land<br/>Smite in the left foot & cleave right down<br/>&emsp;Gather out of thy right hand & smite a strike round<br/>fiercely smite thy strokes together<br/>&emsp;and hold well thy land that it may be seen<br/>thy rakes, thy rounds, thy quarters about<br/>&emsp;thy steps, thy foins, let them fast rout<br/>thy springs, thy quarters, thy rebats also<br/>&emsp;Bear a good eye & let thy hand go<br/>fie on a false heart that dare not abide<br/>&emsp;When he sees rounds & rakes running by his side<br/>Flee not hastily for little pride<br/>&emsp;For little Knows thy adversary What him shall betide<br/>let strokes fast follow after his hands<br/>&emsp;And strike round with a step & still that thou stand<br/>Grieve not greatly though thou be touched a light<br/>&emsp;For an after stroke is better if thou dare him smite<br/>A good round with a strike & smite right right down<br/>&emsp;Gather up a doublet & spare not his crown<br/>With a round & a rake abide at a bay<br/>&emsp;With a running quarter set him out of his way<br/>These are the letters that stand in his sight<br/>&emsp;To teach, or to play, or else for to fight<br/>These are the strokes of your whole ground<br/>&emsp;For hurt, or for blow, or else for death's wound
 |}
-|
+| class="noline" |
 {{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 084v.png|2|lbl=84v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Harley 3542 085r.png|1|lbl=85r|p=1}}
 |}
@@ Line 382: / Line 383: @@
 == Additional Resources ==
-* [[Benjamin "Casper" Bradak|Bradak, Benjamin "Casper"]] and Heslop, Brandon. ''Lessons on the English Longsword''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2010. ISBN 978-1-58160-734-5
+{{bibliography}}
-* [[Alfred Hutton|Hutton, Alfred]]. {{Google books|E_nSjQIszvEC|The Sword Through the Centuries}}. Dover Publications, 2002. ISBN 978-0486425207
 == References ==
@@ Line 394: / Line 394: @@
 <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
+{{sourcebox
+ | work        = Images
+ | authors     =
+ | source link =
+ | source title=
+ | license     = copyrighted
+}}
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Modernization (82r - 84r)
-| authors     = [[Jon Pellett]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Jon Pellett]]
 | source link = http://www.angelfire.com/planet/megalophias/harleymodern.html
 | source title= MEGALOPHIAS His Page
@@ Line 403: / Line 410: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Modernization (84v - 85v)
-| authors     = [[Terry Brown]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Terry Brown]]
 | source link = http://aaoema.com/Two-Hand-Sword-Translation-SECURE.pdf
 | source title= American Academy of English Martial Arts
@@ Line 410: / Line 417: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Transcription
-| authors     = [[Alfred Hutton]], [[Terry Brown]]
+| authors     = [[transcriber::Alfred Hutton]], [[transcriber::Terry Brown]]
 | source link =
 | source title= [[Index:Man yt Wol (MS Harley 3542)]]
@@ Line 424: / Line 431: @@
 [[Category:Research/Background Information]]
-[[Category:Scanning]]
+[[Category:Digital Scanning]]
+[[Category:Esoterica]]
 [[Category:Longsword]]
+[[Category:New format]]

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