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{{Infobox manuscript | {{Infobox manuscript | ||
<!----------Name----------> | <!----------Name----------> | ||
| − | | name = [[name:: | + | | name = [[name::Trattato della scherma]] |
| − | | location = [[inventory:: | + | | location = B1.370.A [[inventory::MS M.0383]], [[museum::Morgan Library & Museum]]<br/>New York City, New York |
<!----------Image----------> | <!----------Image----------> | ||
| image = file:MS M.383 1r.png | | image = file:MS M.383 1r.png | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
| keyimage = file:MS M.383 1r.png | | keyimage = file:MS M.383 1r.png | ||
<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
| − | | | + | | Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::FLM]] |
| − | | Wierschin's catalog= | + | | Wierschin's catalog= — |
| − | | Hils' catalog = | + | | Hils' catalog = — |
| − | | Beck catalog = | + | | Beck catalog = — |
| Also known as = | | Also known as = | ||
| Type = {{plainlist | | Type = {{plainlist | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
| [[type::Wrestling manual]] | | [[type::Wrestling manual]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | | Date = [[year:: | + | | Date = [[year::1400s]] |
| − | | Place of origin = | + | | Place of origin = Venezia, Italy |
| Language(s) = Venetian (Italian){{#set: language = Middle Italian }} | | Language(s) = Venetian (Italian){{#set: language = Middle Italian }} | ||
| Scribe(s) = Unknown | | Scribe(s) = Unknown | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
| below = | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | ''''' | + | '''''Trattato della scherma'''''<ref>This title was assigned in the 18th or 19th century; the original manuscript is untitled.</ref> ("Treatise on Fencing", B1.370.A MS M.383) is an [[nationality::Italian]] [[fencing manual]] authored by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]], created at the turn of the 15th century. The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Morgan Library & Museum]] in New York City, New York. MS M.383 is written on vellum in a neat [[semigothic]] script; the illustrations are inked sketches with gold leafing on the crowns and garters and silver leafing on the metallic elements of some weapons (this has oxidized to a very dark grey over the centuries). This manuscript is typically referred to as the '''Morgan''' (or sometimes the Pierpont Morgan or PML); it is the only copy of the works of Fiore that doesn't contain some version of the title "the Flower of Battle". |
| − | The treatise itself is the briefest known version of Fiore's work, containing only | + | The treatise itself is the briefest known version of Fiore's work, containing only 20 folia (all individual leaves). It has a preface in Italian and one to four illustrated figures per page in the main body; the figures are accompanied by descriptive paragraphs set in poor Italian verse which are nevertheless fairly clear and informative, and generally comparable to that of the [[Fior di Battaglia (MS Ludwig XV 13)|MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13]] (<small>FLG</small>), though at times they include additional explanation. The artwork is reminiscent of the work of [[Altichiero da Zevio]], but given the timeline it would more likely be the work of an artist influenced by him (or a manuscript produced fairly early in Fiore's career). |
| − | The MS M.383 was almost certainly longer when it was first written; its text makes reference to sections on poleaxe, dagger, and grappling which are not present in the book's current state, as well as a certain play of the sword in one hand which is likewise missing from that section. Furthermore, the manuscript is composed of individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, which means that there is no indicator of the original order of the surviving pages.<ref>The description in this section is derived from an examination of the manuscript by [[Michael Chidester]] | + | The MS M.383 was almost certainly longer when it was first written; its text makes reference to sections on poleaxe, dagger, and grappling which are not present in the book's current state, as well as a certain play of the sword in one hand which is likewise missing from that section. Furthermore, the manuscript is composed of individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, which means that there is no indicator of the original order of the surviving pages.<ref>The description in this section is derived from an examination of the manuscript by [[Michael Chidester]].</ref> |
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
* Probably written between some time in the first decade of the 1400s. | * Probably written between some time in the first decade of the 1400s. | ||
* before 1474 – owned by Niccolò Marcello di Santa Marina of Venice. | * before 1474 – owned by Niccolò Marcello di Santa Marina of Venice. | ||
| − | * ca. 1699 – gifted to Apostolo Zeno (1668-1750), who created a [[Fior di Battaglia (MS XXIV)|copy of the preface]]. | + | * ca. 1699 – gifted to Apostolo Zeno (1668-1750), who created a [[Fior di Battaglia (MS XXIV)|copy of the preface]](<small>FLZ</small>). |
* before 1780 – it occupied ff 241-259 of a larger collective binding titled, ''Arte di armeggiare a piedi ed acavallo'' (codex Soranzo MCCLXI) in the Biblioteca Soranzo in Venice (Library of Jacopo Soranzo, Venetian senator, 18th century). The other contents of this codex are unknown. | * before 1780 – it occupied ff 241-259 of a larger collective binding titled, ''Arte di armeggiare a piedi ed acavallo'' (codex Soranzo MCCLXI) in the Biblioteca Soranzo in Venice (Library of Jacopo Soranzo, Venetian senator, 18th century). The other contents of this codex are unknown. | ||
* 1780-1835 – the collection of the Venetian former Jesuit Matteo Luigi Canonici (1727-c.1806) (sold London, [[Sotheby's]], June 15, 1836, no. 40). | * 1780-1835 – the collection of the Venetian former Jesuit Matteo Luigi Canonici (1727-c.1806) (sold London, [[Sotheby's]], June 15, 1836, no. 40). | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|12r - 16v]] | ! [[Fiore de'i Liberi|12r - 16v]] | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[Sword]] in two hands by [[Fiore de'i Liberi]] |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
<h3 style="clear:both;"> Current manuscript </h3> | <h3 style="clear:both;"> Current manuscript </h3> | ||
| − | MS M.383 consists of twenty individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, and the current sequence of leaves is probably not original; for a speculative reconstruction of its original state, see [[ | + | MS M.383 consists of twenty individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, and the current sequence of leaves is probably not original; for a speculative reconstruction of its original state, see [[Trattato della scherma (MS M.383)/Reconstruction]]. While it seems likely that there are at least two missing leaves, there's no evidence upon which to speculate meaningfully about the original quire structure (the Getty manuscript, for example, has a wildly variable structure). |
This manuscript was unbound in 2016 for photography and conservation, and it has not yet been rebound. {{-}} | This manuscript was unbound in 2016 for photography and conservation, and it has not yet been rebound. {{-}} | ||
| Line 176: | Line 176: | ||
== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
| − | + | {{bibliography}} | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 198: | Line 196: | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Transcription | | work = Transcription | ||
| − | | authors = | + | | authors = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]] |
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| − | | source title= [[Index: | + | | source title= [[Index:Trattato della scherma (MS M.383)]] |
| license = noncommercial | | license = noncommercial | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:13, 27 October 2023
| Trattato della scherma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1.370.A MS M.0383, Morgan Library & Museum New York City, New York | |||||
 Title page, fol. 1r | |||||
| |||||
| |||||
| Type | |||||
| Date | 1400s | ||||
| Place of origin | Venezia, Italy | ||||
| Language(s) | Venetian (Italian) | ||||
| Author(s) | Fiore de'i Liberi | ||||
| Scribe(s) | Unknown | ||||
| Illustrator(s) | Altichiero da Zevio (or follower) | ||||
| Material | Vellum, in a modern binding | ||||
| Size | 20 folia (195 mm × 277 mm) | ||||
| Format | Double-sided; four illustrations per side, with text above | ||||
| External data | Library catalog entry | ||||
| Treatise scans |
| ||||
Trattato della scherma[1] ("Treatise on Fencing", B1.370.A MS M.383) is an Italian fencing manual authored by Fiore de'i Liberi, created at the turn of the 15th century. The original currently rests in the holdings of the Morgan Library & Museum in New York City, New York. MS M.383 is written on vellum in a neat semigothic script; the illustrations are inked sketches with gold leafing on the crowns and garters and silver leafing on the metallic elements of some weapons (this has oxidized to a very dark grey over the centuries). This manuscript is typically referred to as the Morgan (or sometimes the Pierpont Morgan or PML); it is the only copy of the works of Fiore that doesn't contain some version of the title "the Flower of Battle".
The treatise itself is the briefest known version of Fiore's work, containing only 20 folia (all individual leaves). It has a preface in Italian and one to four illustrated figures per page in the main body; the figures are accompanied by descriptive paragraphs set in poor Italian verse which are nevertheless fairly clear and informative, and generally comparable to that of the MS Ludwig ⅩⅤ 13 (FLG), though at times they include additional explanation. The artwork is reminiscent of the work of Altichiero da Zevio, but given the timeline it would more likely be the work of an artist influenced by him (or a manuscript produced fairly early in Fiore's career).
The MS M.383 was almost certainly longer when it was first written; its text makes reference to sections on poleaxe, dagger, and grappling which are not present in the book's current state, as well as a certain play of the sword in one hand which is likewise missing from that section. Furthermore, the manuscript is composed of individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, which means that there is no indicator of the original order of the surviving pages.[2]
Contents
Provenance
The known provenance of the MS M.383 is:[3]
- Probably written between some time in the first decade of the 1400s.
- before 1474 – owned by Niccolò Marcello di Santa Marina of Venice.
- ca. 1699 – gifted to Apostolo Zeno (1668-1750), who created a copy of the preface(FLZ).
- before 1780 – it occupied ff 241-259 of a larger collective binding titled, Arte di armeggiare a piedi ed acavallo (codex Soranzo MCCLXI) in the Biblioteca Soranzo in Venice (Library of Jacopo Soranzo, Venetian senator, 18th century). The other contents of this codex are unknown.
- 1780-1835 – the collection of the Venetian former Jesuit Matteo Luigi Canonici (1727-c.1806) (sold London, Sotheby's, June 15, 1836, no. 40).
- 1835-1903 – owned by Rev. Walter Sneyd of Bagington Rectory, Coventry (sold London, Sotheby's, Dec. 19, 1903, no. 720).
- 1903-1909 – owned by Tammaro de Marinis (catalog 8, 1908, plate 9).
- 1909-1913 – owned by John Pierpont Morgan.
- 1913-1924 – owned by John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. (donated 1924).
- 1924-present – held by the Morgan Library & Museum. Current binding by J. Clarke.
Contents
| 1r - 2r | Preface by Fiore de'i Liberi |
|---|---|
| 2v - 8r | Mounted fencing by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 8rv | Spear vs. cavalry by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 9rv | Spear by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 10r - 11v | Sword in Armor by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 12r - 16v | Sword in two hands by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 17r, 18rv | Sword vs. dagger by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 17v, 19r | Sword in one hand by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 18r | Sword vs. spear by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 18r | Spear and dagger vs. spear by Fiore de'i Liberi |
| 19v - 20v | Blank |
Gallery
Current manuscript
MS M.383 consists of twenty individual cut leaves rather than quires of bifolia, and the current sequence of leaves is probably not original; for a speculative reconstruction of its original state, see Trattato della scherma (MS M.383)/Reconstruction. While it seems likely that there are at least two missing leaves, there's no evidence upon which to speculate meaningfully about the original quire structure (the Getty manuscript, for example, has a wildly variable structure).
This manuscript was unbound in 2016 for photography and conservation, and it has not yet been rebound.
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Previous binding
As indicated above, the original binding of the manuscript was lost by the 18th century. It was most recently rebound in the early 20th century after being acquired by J. P. Morgan, as pictured here, but this cover was subsequently discarded in 2016.
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Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Chidester, Michael (2021). The Flower of Battle: MS M 383. Somerville, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-07-6.
- Liberi, Fiore de'i (2012). Fiore de' Liberi's Fior di Battaglia. Trans. by Tom Leoni. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
- Liberi, Fiore dei (2002). Flos Duellatorum. Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del XV secolo. Ed. by Marco Rubboli; Luca Cesari. Rome: Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali. ISBN 88-8474-023-1.
- Malipiero, Massimo (2006). Il Fior di battaglia di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale: Il Codice Ludwing ⅩⅤ 13 del J. Paul Getty Museum. Udine: Ribis. ISBN 978-887-44503-5-0.
- Mellini, Gian Lorenzo (1962). "Disegni di Alticiero e della sua scuola, 2." Critica d'Arte ⅬⅢ-ⅬⅣ: 9-19.
- Палій, Людмила Іванівна (2020). "Витоки художнього стилю ілюстрацій «Квітки Битви» майстра Фіоре Фріулано деі Лібері." Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету 2(43): 84-102. doi:10.24144/2523-4498.2(43).2020.217366.
References
- ↑ This title was assigned in the 18th or 19th century; the original manuscript is untitled.
- ↑ The description in this section is derived from an examination of the manuscript by Michael Chidester.
- ↑ Based in part on "Curatorial description". CORSAIR Collection Catalog. Morgan Library & Museum. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
| Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
|---|---|---|---|
| Images | Morgan Library & Museum | Morgan Library & Museum |  |
| Transcription | Michael Chidester | Index:Trattato della scherma (MS M.383) |  |
