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Difference between revisions of "Fechtbuchleinn (Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi)"
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{{Infobox manuscript | {{Infobox manuscript | ||
<!----------Name----------> | <!----------Name----------> | ||
− | | name | + | | name = [[name::Fechtbuchleinn]] |
− | | location | + | | location = [[inventory::Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi]], [[museum::Herzog August Bibliothek]]<br/>Wolfenbüttel, Germany |
<!----------Image----------> | <!----------Image----------> | ||
− | + | | imageleft = file:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi Iv.png | |
− | | imageleft | + | | imageright = file:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 01r.png |
− | | imageright | + | | width = x200px |
− | | width | + | | caption = Folio 1r |
− | | caption | ||
<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
− | | | + | | Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::FB]] |
− | | Wierschin's catalog=[[WC::45]] | + | | Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::45]] |
− | | Hils' catalog | + | | Hils' catalog = — |
− | | Beck catalog | + | | Beck catalog = — |
− | | Also known as | + | | Also known as = |
− | | Type | + | | Type = [[type::Fencing manual]] |
− | | Date | + | | Date = [[year::1500s|16th Century]] |
− | | Place of origin | + | | Place of origin = |
− | | Language(s) | + | | Language(s) = [[language::Early New High German]] |
− | | Scribe(s) | + | | Scribe(s) = |
− | | Author(s) | + | | Author(s) = Unknown |
− | | Compiled by | + | | Compiled by = |
− | | Illuminated by | + | | Illuminated by = |
− | | Patron | + | | Patron = |
− | | Dedicated to | + | | Dedicated to = |
<!----------Form and content----------> | <!----------Form and content----------> | ||
− | | Material | + | | Material = Paper, in a modern binding |
− | | Size | + | | Size = 16 folia (105 mm × 155 mm) |
− | | Format | + | | Format = Double-sided |
− | | Condition | + | | Condition = |
− | | Script | + | | Script = |
− | | Contents | + | | Contents = |
− | | Illumination(s) | + | | Illumination(s) = |
− | | Additions | + | | Additions = |
− | | Exemplar(s) | + | | Exemplar(s) = |
− | | Previously kept | + | | Previously kept = |
− | | Discovered | + | | Discovered = |
− | | Website | + | | Images = [http://diglib.hab.de/mss/1074-novi/start.htm Digital scans] |
− | | below | + | | Website = [http://dbs.hab.de/mss/?list{{=}}ms&id{{=}}1074-novi Library catalog entry] |
+ | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | The ''' | + | The '''''Fechtbuchlein''''' (Cod. Guelf. 1074 Novi) is an anonymous 16th century [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]].{{cn}} The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Herzog August Bibliothek]] in Wolfenbüttel, Germany. This manuscript contains one of the few Germanic treatises from this period that show no connection to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. On the other hand, [[Robert Foster]] has noted a number of similarities to contemporary [[English]] treatises such as the [[Ledall Roll (Additional MS 39564)|Additional MS 39564]],<ref>[[Robert Foster]]. "[http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/1074_novi/index.php Transcriptions: 1074 Novi]". ''Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf''. May 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.</ref> though assuming any direct connection between them would be premature. |
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
== Contents == | == Contents == | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatise" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! id="page" | | + | ! id="page" | 1r - 6v |
− | + | | {{treatise begin | |
− | + | | title = Anonymous sword pieces | |
− | + | | width = 60em | |
− | |||
− | | {{ | ||
− | | title | ||
− | | | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! {{rating|c}} | + | ! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Robert Foster]]</p> |
− | by [[Robert Foster]] | + | ! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Fechtbuchleinn (Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi)}}<br/>by [[Alex Kiermayer]]</p> |
− | ! Transcription | ||
− | by [[ | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''Booklet on Fencing''' | + | | <p>'''Booklet on Fencing'''</p> |
− | | | + | | {{paget|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi|01r|png}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | <p>'''The first action of the sword'''</p> |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
It goes to a lunge on the arm, then the First or Side-leap. | It goes to a lunge on the arm, then the First or Side-leap. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02r.png|1|lbl=02r}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The second action''' | + | | <p>'''The second action'''</p> |
+ | |||
Begin on the left side with a twisted body on the right side. Do a Duplieren on the left side with the sword and the left hand thrown upwards from the earth near the flat into the right hand at the cross. Go over ?? ???? then go over. After that, strike to the side into a thrust. | Begin on the left side with a twisted body on the right side. Do a Duplieren on the left side with the sword and the left hand thrown upwards from the earth near the flat into the right hand at the cross. Go over ?? ???? then go over. After that, strike to the side into a thrust. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02r.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The third action''' | + | | <p>'''The third action'''</p> |
+ | |||
Begin again on the left side and go to a leap with the edge to the ground and with the edge sped over you and go over to the drawn stroke in front of the man. | Begin again on the left side and go to a leap with the edge to the ground and with the edge sped over you and go over to the drawn stroke in front of the man. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02r.png|3|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The fourth action''' | + | | <p>'''The fourth action'''</p> |
+ | |||
With the right foot set forward and the sword with the edges to both sides pull up and strike a Sturzhau. And then the First leap done to the side. | With the right foot set forward and the sword with the edges to both sides pull up and strike a Sturzhau. And then the First leap done to the side. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02v.png|1|lbl=02v}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The fifth action''' | + | | <p>'''The fifth action'''</p> |
+ | |||
Set the sword in front of the left foot and swing it high with the one hand while at the same time springing with the feet together. And step forward with the right foot, doubling into a lunge in the bind. Then go into the cut. | Set the sword in front of the left foot and swing it high with the one hand while at the same time springing with the feet together. And step forward with the right foot, doubling into a lunge in the bind. Then go into the cut. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The sixth action''' | + | | <p>'''The sixth action'''</p> |
+ | |||
Set your right foot forward and pull to both sides and at the same time spring with your feet together. Step forward with your right foot and grab to the sword as one does in the Niederlegen. Toss it over the arm then high and catch it again in your hand and do the First spring to the side. | Set your right foot forward and pull to both sides and at the same time spring with your feet together. Step forward with your right foot and grab to the sword as one does in the Niederlegen. Toss it over the arm then high and catch it again in your hand and do the First spring to the side. | ||
− | | | + | | |
− | + | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 02v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03r.png|1|lbl=03r|p=1}} | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The seventh action''' | + | | <p>'''The seventh action''' <small>????</small></p> |
− | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03r.png|2|lbl=-}} | |
− | | | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | ''' | + | | <p>'''Setting Down'''</p> |
− | '''The first setting down''' | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03r.png|3|lbl=-}} |
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <p>'''The first setting down'''</p> | ||
Stand with the same feet together. Step forward with the left foot and strike strongly out to the right side. Double to the left side. Twist your body with the right foot set forward crosswise [and] double to the right side into a spring with the edge and speeding up and setting down of the right foot. | Stand with the same feet together. Step forward with the left foot and strike strongly out to the right side. Double to the left side. Twist your body with the right foot set forward crosswise [and] double to the right side into a spring with the edge and speeding up and setting down of the right foot. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03r.png|4|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
− | + | |- | |
+ | | <p>'''The second setting down'''</p> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Stand with the same feet together. Strike with the edge in front of you. Step forward with the left foot while at the same time making a falling stroke. Yank your body and do a strong stroke out to the side. Double to the right side into a spring. With the blade and speeding up into a high-plunging thrust [then] to the foot in setting down. | Stand with the same feet together. Strike with the edge in front of you. Step forward with the left foot while at the same time making a falling stroke. Yank your body and do a strong stroke out to the side. Double to the right side into a spring. With the blade and speeding up into a high-plunging thrust [then] to the foot in setting down. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03v.png|1|lbl=03v}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The third setting down''' | + | | <p>'''The third setting down'''</p> |
+ | |||
Step with both feet together. Double to both sides and strike into a lunge and don’t wind, rather go over and set down. | Step with both feet together. Double to both sides and strike into a lunge and don’t wind, rather go over and set down. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The fourth setting down''' | + | | <p>'''The fourth setting down'''</p> |
+ | |||
Step with the same feet together and hold the sword high and step forward with the right foot and pull up from below with the sword on the left side and at the same time void the left foot. Make a falling stroke down to the ground and catch the sword by the pommel while standing on your right foot and thrust through to the left side to the setting down. | Step with the same feet together and hold the sword high and step forward with the right foot and pull up from below with the sword on the left side and at the same time void the left foot. Make a falling stroke down to the ground and catch the sword by the pommel while standing on your right foot and thrust through to the left side to the setting down. | ||
− | | | + | | |
− | + | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 03v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04r.png|1|lbl=04r|p=1}} | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''The fifth setting down''' | + | | <p>'''The fifth setting down'''</p> |
+ | |||
Stand with the same feet together. Make a falling stroke [and] step forward with the left foot. Do the twisting spring with the same feet and step forward with the left foot. Double to the right side into the ???????. Raise your forward foot, let the left foot stay put and put or set the sword near to the foot. | Stand with the same feet together. Make a falling stroke [and] step forward with the left foot. Do the twisting spring with the same feet and step forward with the left foot. Double to the right side into the ???????. Raise your forward foot, let the left foot stay put and put or set the sword near to the foot. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04r.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | ''' | + | | <p>'''Laying Down'''</p> |
− | '''The little spring before the laying down''' | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04v.png|1|lbl=04v}} |
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <p>'''The little spring before the laying down'''</p> | ||
Set the right foot forward and pull on both sides upwards from below. At the same time, spring high with the right foot and swing the sword high around the head, following through downward to the left arm. After that, perform the Student’s spring upon [the opponent]. | Set the right foot forward and pull on both sides upwards from below. At the same time, spring high with the right foot and swing the sword high around the head, following through downward to the left arm. After that, perform the Student’s spring upon [the opponent]. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
− | + | |- | |
+ | | <p>'''The laying down with the sword'''</p> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Take the sword with the right hand from the left arm. Swing it high and make a falling stroke therewith high to the right side. And set [the sword] with the point downward to the right foot which must be placed forward. | Take the sword with the right hand from the left arm. Swing it high and make a falling stroke therewith high to the right side. And set [the sword] with the point downward to the right foot which must be placed forward. | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04v.png|3|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | After that, pull the sword up on both sides and let [it] go behind, or to, the back. Yank up on the left side and twist your body, double to the right side into a spring with the blade. At the same time, step behind you with the left foot and pull up to the left side. And thusly on the left, strike forward with the hand on the pommel. And meanwhile step forward with the left foot and let the sword go to the arm into a lunge such that the right foot comes forward. Then strike with twisted body into a lunge in the bind. Double to the right side into a laying down, one foot sprung around the other. And turn the sword on the ground with the right hand grasped around over the bind. And go with the point [of the sword] over the head [and back] down to the ground. | + | | <p>After that, pull the sword up on both sides and let [it] go behind, or to, the back. Yank up on the left side and twist your body, double to the right side into a spring with the blade. At the same time, step behind you with the left foot and pull up to the left side. And thusly on the left, strike forward with the hand on the pommel. And meanwhile step forward with the left foot and let the sword go to the arm into a lunge such that the right foot comes forward. Then strike with twisted body into a lunge in the bind. Double to the right side into a laying down, one foot sprung around the other. And turn the sword on the ground with the right hand grasped around over the bind. And go with the point [of the sword] over the head [and back] down to the ground. </p> |
− | | | + | | |
+ | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 04v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05r.png|1|lbl=05r|p=1}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''Another way''' | + | | <p>'''Another way'''</p> |
+ | |||
Do to him certainly as before except in the spring with the blade such that in the springing, the right foot comes forward and do then the backwards spring onto it with the left foot raised up. Then do as before. | Do to him certainly as before except in the spring with the blade such that in the springing, the right foot comes forward and do then the backwards spring onto it with the left foot raised up. Then do as before. | ||
− | | ''' | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05r.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | + | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <p>'''Play of the sword'''</p> | ||
+ | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05v.png|1|lbl=05v}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | <p>'''The first play'''</p> |
− | '''The first play''' | ||
− | 1. In the first same action, strike with the displacement to the cross and bind him, fall on the right side and strike towards the other. | + | 1. In the first same action, strike with the displacement to the cross and bind him, fall on the right side and strike towards the other. |
− | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05v.png|2|lbl=-}} | |
− | |||
− | + | |- | |
+ | | <p>Follows the counter to that, with a forward step of the left foot, also fall after his strike with the short edge with force ????? on both sides and struck. Has 2, stroke 2.</p> | ||
+ | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05v.png|3|lbl=-}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 2. Further point: strike with displacement in the bind, wipe or yank right back to the sword most quickly until nearly at his sword’s tip and yank away with the short edge, and strike also towards his left ear with the same short edge. Then quickly back around to the other side with a strike. Has stroke 3. | + | | <p>2. Further point: strike with displacement in the bind, wipe or yank right back to the sword most quickly until nearly at his sword’s tip and yank away with the short edge, and strike also towards his left ear with the same short edge. Then quickly back around to the other side with a strike. Has stroke 3. </p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 05v.png|4|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 3. Further point: struck above in the bind. Then strike quickly to his left side with the short edge and with the hands all the way up and a forward step of the left foot. After that, with a forward step of the right foot, strike again to the other side or opening with a full stroke. Has stroke 4. | + | | <p>3. Further point: struck above in the bind. Then strike quickly to his left side with the short edge and with the hands all the way up and a forward step of the left foot. After that, with a forward step of the right foot, strike again to the other side or opening with a full stroke. Has stroke 4. </p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06r.png|1|lbl=06r}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Or you may use it to strike off in front of the face or with a springing together. | + | | <p>Or you may use it to strike off in front of the face or with a springing together. </p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06r.png|2|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 4. To the side which was stepped also with the advantage and push the sword, nearly the same as the First. Has stroke 4. | + | | <p>4. To the side which was stepped also with the advantage and push the sword, nearly the same as the First. Has stroke 4. </p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06r.png|3|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 5. [This] is the same as the third except perform the in-stroke as a long, falling stroke until you strike from the man. | + | | <p>5. [This] is the same as the third except perform the in-stroke as a long, falling stroke until you strike from the man.</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06r.png|4|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Once you are in and have displaced, then step forward and to the left and snap him with the flat to the right ear. And jerk the sword and left foot quickly behind you into a full stroke. | + | | <p>Once you are in and have displaced, then step forward and to the left and snap him with the flat to the right ear. And jerk the sword and left foot quickly behind you into a full stroke.</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06r.png|5|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 6. With the feet stepped the same as above, strike into the bind and go in underneath as before. Has stroke 4. | + | | <p>6. With the feet stepped the same as above, strike into the bind and go in underneath as before. Has stroke 4.</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06v.png|1|lbl=06v}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 7. [missing] | + | | <p>7. [missing]</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 8. Having struck into the bind and once to each ear with a forward step, do a falling stroke with the short edge thereafter and a full stroke.) | + | | <p>8. Having struck into the bind and once to each ear with a forward step, do a falling stroke with the short edge thereafter and a full stroke.)</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06v.png|3|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 9. Go with the initial strike into the bind. With a forward step of the left foot, strike to the right side to the ear twice quickly one after the other with full speed through given or bent body. Then a falling stroke and strike as before. | + | | <p>9. Go with the initial strike into the bind. With a forward step of the left foot, strike to the right side to the ear twice quickly one after the other with full speed through given or bent body. Then a falling stroke and strike as before.</p> |
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06v.png|4|lbl=-}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 10. Go in the initial strike and forward stepping of the right foot. Twice to the left side to the ear “Et” ? ????? [et cetera?] | + | | class="noline" | <p>10. Go in the initial strike and forward stepping of the right foot. Twice to the left side to the ear “Et” ? ????? [et cetera?]</p> |
− | | | + | | class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi 06v.png|5|lbl=-}} |
|} | |} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{treatise end}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! 7r - 12v | + | ! 7r - 12v |
− | | {{ | + | | {{treatise begin |
− | | title | + | | title = Anonymous Dussack pieces |
− | | | + | | width = 60em |
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}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! {{rating}} | + | ! <p>{{rating}}</p> |
+ | ! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Fechtbuchleinn (Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi)}}<br/>by [[Alex Kiermayer]]</p> | ||
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== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
− | + | {{bibliography}} | |
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Copyright and License Summary == | ||
+ | |||
+ | For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}} | ||
+ | {{sourcebox | ||
+ | | work = Images | ||
+ | | authors = | ||
+ | | source link = http://diglib.hab.de/mss/1074-novi/start.htm | ||
+ | | source title= Herzog August Bibliothek | ||
+ | | license = public domain | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{sourcebox | ||
+ | | work = Translation | ||
+ | | authors = [[translator::Robert Foster]] | ||
+ | | source link = http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/1074_novi/index.php | ||
+ | | source title= Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf | ||
+ | | license = copyrighted | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{sourcebox | ||
+ | | work = Transcription | ||
+ | | authors = [[transcriber::Alex Kiermayer]] | ||
+ | | source link = | ||
+ | | source title= [[Index:Fechtbuchleinn (Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi)]] | ||
+ | | license = copyrighted | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/> | ||
[[Category:Treatises]] | [[Category:Treatises]] | ||
[[Category:Manuscripts]] | [[Category:Manuscripts]] | ||
[[Category:Orphan]] | [[Category:Orphan]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Content]] | ||
[[Category:German]] | [[Category:German]] | ||
− | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Image Processing]] |
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[[Category:Research/Background Information]] | [[Category:Research/Background Information]] | ||
[[Category:Dussack]] | [[Category:Dussack]] | ||
[[Category:Longsword]] | [[Category:Longsword]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:New format]] |
Latest revision as of 15:21, 28 July 2024
Fechtbuchleinn | |||||
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Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi, Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, Germany | |||||
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Type | Fencing manual | ||||
Date | 16th Century | ||||
Language(s) | Early New High German | ||||
Author(s) | Unknown | ||||
Material | Paper, in a modern binding | ||||
Size | 16 folia (105 mm × 155 mm) | ||||
Format | Double-sided | ||||
External data | Library catalog entry | ||||
Treatise scans | Digital scans |
The Fechtbuchlein (Cod. Guelf. 1074 Novi) is an anonymous 16th century German fencing manual.[citation needed] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel, Germany. This manuscript contains one of the few Germanic treatises from this period that show no connection to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. On the other hand, Robert Foster has noted a number of similarities to contemporary English treatises such as the Additional MS 39564,[1] though assuming any direct connection between them would be premature.
Contents
Provenance
Contents
1r - 6v |
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7r - 12v |
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Gallery
Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- None.
References
- ↑ Robert Foster. "Transcriptions: 1074 Novi". Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf. May 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Herzog August Bibliothek | ||
Translation | Robert Foster | Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf | |
Transcription | Alex Kiermayer | Index:Fechtbuchleinn (Cod.Guelf.1074.Novi) |