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Difference between revisions of "Gérard Thibault d'Anvers"

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m (→‎Treatise: Some corrections to transcription and some grammatical corrections and improved minor points of translation for plates I to V)
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
  
|'''Circle No 1'''
+
|'''Circle No 1.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
  
|'''Circle No 2'''
+
|'''Circle No 2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N. 2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N. 2.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
  
|'''Circle No 3'''
+
|'''Circle No 3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
  
|'''Circle No 4'''
+
|'''Circle No 4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
  
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top"
  
|'''Circle No 5'''
+
|'''Circle No 5.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
  
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|-
 
|-
  
|Colspan="2"|[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 02.jpg|400px]]
+
|Colspan="2"|[[file:Thibault L1 Tab 02.jpg|620px]]
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
 
|EXPLANATION OF THE SECOND PLATE
 
|EXPLANATION OF THE SECOND PLATE
 +
 
|DECLARATION DV TABLEAV DEUXIEME
 
|DECLARATION DV TABLEAV DEUXIEME
  
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|Et voilà ce que nous avons trouvé bon d’adjouſter par deſſus l’explication du Tableau precedent, touchant la convenance de ceſt figure avec le corps humain en toutes ſes principales parties: afin qu’il paroiſſe d’autant plus clairement, comment elle nous doit ſervir d’une delineation du Terrain, ou du Plan d’Armes, pour declarer toutes les proportions des Diſtances, & conſequemment auſſi l’aſſeurance d’y appliquer les mouvements convenables; ainſi que ceux, qui prendront la peine de faire quelque eſpace de temps leurs exercices deſſus, le trouveront en effećt & avec admiration.
 
|Et voilà ce que nous avons trouvé bon d’adjouſter par deſſus l’explication du Tableau precedent, touchant la convenance de ceſt figure avec le corps humain en toutes ſes principales parties: afin qu’il paroiſſe d’autant plus clairement, comment elle nous doit ſervir d’une delineation du Terrain, ou du Plan d’Armes, pour declarer toutes les proportions des Diſtances, & conſequemment auſſi l’aſſeurance d’y appliquer les mouvements convenables; ainſi que ceux, qui prendront la peine de faire quelque eſpace de temps leurs exercices deſſus, le trouveront en effećt & avec admiration.
  
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
+
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
 
|''THE PROPER DIMENSIONS OF''
 
|''THE PROPER DIMENSIONS OF''
  
''the hilt, the handle, and the pommel, the sword-hanger and sword-strap, as shown within the Circle, and in relation to the body of the person, wherein one can see their perfection through the elegance of each part, and by the ease of use.''
+
|''LES IVSTES MESVRES DE LA''
  
|''LES IVSTES MESVRES DE LA''
+
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 +
 
 +
|''the hilt, the handle, and the pommel, the sword-hanger and sword-strap, as shown within the Circle, and in relation to the body of the person, wherein one can see their perfection through the elegance of each part, and by the ease of use.''
  
''Garde, de la Poignee, & du Pommeau, du Pendant de l’eſpee, & du Ceinturon, demonſtrées par noſtre Cercle, & rappportées au corps de la perſonne, où elles font voire leur perfećtion par la bienfeance du part, & par la comodité de l’uſage.''
+
|''Garde, de la Poignee, & du Pommeau, du Pendant de l’eſpee, & du Ceinturon, demonſtrées par noſtre Cercle, & rappportées au corps de la perſonne, où elles font voire leur perfećtion par la bienfeance du part, & par la comodité de l’uſage.''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
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|DISCOVRS ET DECLARATION PLVS PARTICULIERE DE
 
|DISCOVRS ET DECLARATION PLVS PARTICULIERE DE
 +
  
 
l’vsage et des mesvres dv ceintvron et dv pendant de lespee tirees de nostre cercle, contre les abvs de plvsievrs qvi en vsent av contraire.
 
l’vsage et des mesvres dv ceintvron et dv pendant de lespee tirees de nostre cercle, contre les abvs de plvsievrs qvi en vsent av contraire.
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|''Zachary is right in front of Circle No 1, facing the Z-X Quadrangle, carrying his sword in the crook of his left arm, and his left hand resting on the hilt.''
 
|''Zachary is right in front of Circle No 1, facing the Z-X Quadrangle, carrying his sword in the crook of his left arm, and his left hand resting on the hilt.''
  
|''Zacharie ſe met droit evant le Cercle N.1. viz à viz du Quadrangle ZX, tenant l’eſpee ſur le coude du bras gauche, & en empoignant la garde par deſſous avec la main gauche.''
+
|''Zacharie ſe met droit devant le Cercle N.1. viz à viz du Quadrangle ZX, tenant l’eſpee ſur le coude du bras gauche, & en empoignant la garde par deſſous avec la main gauche.''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
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|''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 1, at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he set his sword at an acute angle to his right side, and is now raising his right foot to land outside of the circle, and has raised his arm and sword up to an obtuse angle. The ending to this move will be shown in Circle No 1 in the following Plate.''
 
|''Alexander has advanced two or three paces towards Circle No 1, at the moment he placed his left foot on the ground, he set his sword at an acute angle to his right side, and is now raising his right foot to land outside of the circle, and has raised his arm and sword up to an obtuse angle. The ending to this move will be shown in Circle No 1 in the following Plate.''
  
|''Alexandre s’eſtant preallablement avancé deux ou trois pas devers le Cercle N.1. en plantant le pied gauche en terre, il a mis l’eſpee en angle aigu à ſon coſté droit, ce qu’eſtant fait, il hauſſe le pied droit en dehors, comme auſsi le bras avec l’eſpee, les mettant en ange obtus; le ſurplus de ceſte approche ſera repreſenté au Cercle N.1. du Tableau ſuivant.''
+
|''Alexandre s’eſtant preallablement avancé deux ou trois pas devers le Cercle N.1. en plantant le pied gauche en terre, il a mis l’eſpee en angle aigu à ſon coſté droit, ce qu’eſtant fait, il hauſſe le pied droit en dehors, comme auſsi le bras avec l’eſpee, les mettant en ange obtus; le ſurplus de ceſte approche ſera repreſenté au Cercle N.1. du Tableau ſuivant.''
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 1'''
+
|'''Circle No 1.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
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|In Circle No 1, as was explained in the preceding Plate, Zacharie has put himself on guard first, in the direct line posture, his right foot on the line X–Y, his toes touching the end at the circumference, his left foot on the Pedal Line Z, holding his body erect, and showing his profile to the enemy, in such a way that his head and the centre of his body are over the middle of the Quadrangle on which he stands.
 
|In Circle No 1, as was explained in the preceding Plate, Zacharie has put himself on guard first, in the direct line posture, his right foot on the line X–Y, his toes touching the end at the circumference, his left foot on the Pedal Line Z, holding his body erect, and showing his profile to the enemy, in such a way that his head and the centre of his body are over the middle of the Quadrangle on which he stands.
  
|Touchant le Cercle N.1. il a eſté dit au precedent Tableau, que Zacharie s’eſt mis le premier en campagne, en la posture de la droite ligne, le pied droit ſur la ligne XY, en touchant du bout d’iceluy la Circonference; & le pied gauche ſur la ligne Pedale Z, tenant le corps eſtendu en ligne perpendiculaire, & flanqué en pourfil ſur l’Ennemi; en telle ſorte que la teſte & le centre du corps reſpondent juſtement deſſus le milieu du Quadrangle, où il eſt placé.
+
|Touchant le Cercle N.1. il a eſté dit au precedent Tableau, que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie s’eſt mis le premier en campagne, en la posture de la droite ligne, le pied droit ſur la ligne XY, en touchant du bout d’iceluy la Circonference; & le pied gauche ſur la ligne Pedale Z, tenant le corps eſtendu en ligne perpendiculaire, & flanqué en pourfil ſur l’Ennemi; en telle ſorte que la teſte & le centre du corps reſpondent juſtement deſſus le milieu du Quadrangle, où il eſt placé.
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
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|This last motion of carrying the sword up under the opponent’s sword is made with impetus, so that the right side is pulled forward and so that the right foot easily spins on the ball of the foot onto the line C–B, and drawing the left foot along the ground to its natural place along the Pedal Line. At this instant, he straightens and draws upright, standing in profile, and finishes the movement of the sword in a direct line underneath his opponent’s sword.
 
|This last motion of carrying the sword up under the opponent’s sword is made with impetus, so that the right side is pulled forward and so that the right foot easily spins on the ball of the foot onto the line C–B, and drawing the left foot along the ground to its natural place along the Pedal Line. At this instant, he straightens and draws upright, standing in profile, and finishes the movement of the sword in a direct line underneath his opponent’s sword.
  
|Ce dernier mourvement de porter l’eſpee en haut deſſous l’eſpee contraire, il le fait avec une certaine impetuoſité, dequoy le coſté droit du corps eſt tiré en avant, & conſequemment le talon du meſme pied ſe gliſſe en dehors ſur la ligne CB, entrainant quand & quand le pied gauche par terre, juſqu’à ſa place ordinaire, qui eſt a ligne Pedale; auquel inſtant il ſe redreſſe le corps perpendiculairement, le mettant en pourfil, & finiſſant le mouvement de l’eſpee en ligne droite au deſſous de l’eſpee contraire.
+
|Ce dernier mouvement de porter l’eſpee en haut deſſous l’eſpee contraire, il le fait avec une certaine impetuoſité, dequoy le coſté droit du corps eſt tiré en avant, & conſequemment le talon du meſme pied ſe gliſſe en dehors ſur la ligne CB, entrainant quand & quand le pied gauche par terre, juſqu’à ſa place ordinaire, qui eſt a ligne Pedale; auquel inſtant il ſe redreſſe le corps perpendiculairement, le mettant en pourfil, & finiſſant le mouvement de l’eſpee en ligne droite au deſſous de l’eſpee contraire.
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|In this way, they both stand in the same posture, with feet planted on the same lines, head and body centred over the same point, each on their own end, standing upright and tall and sideways, their nerves and muscles extended, their knees and sword-arms straight, the handle held firmly in the fist, both blades parallel, side-by-side, above and below. The tip, the hilt, and the shoulder extending out in as straight a line as possible, parallel to the ground. A natural posture, which is very advantageous and convenient for both remaining in place and for moving, right, left, forwards, or backwards, without any hindrance. This is not true of other postures, such as they are. Because whatever advantages they have, they are outweighed by disadvantages. Only the direct line is a posture equiped equally well for attacking in all directions and also for defending against all attacks.
+
|In this way, they both stand in the same posture, with feet planted on the same lines, head and body centred over the same point, each on their own end, standing upright and tall and sideways, their nerves and muscles tensed, their knees and sword-arms straight, the handle held firmly in the fist, both blades parallel, side-by-side, above and below. The tip, the hilt, and the shoulder extending out in as straight a line as possible, parallel to the ground. A natural posture, which is very advantageous and convenient for both remaining in place and for moving, right, left, forwards, or backwards, without any hindrance. This is not true of other postures, such as they are. Because whatever advantages they have, they are outweighed by disadvantages. Only the direct line is a posture equiped equally well for attacking in all directions and also for defending against all attacks.
  
 
|Par ainſi les voilà touts deux en pareille poſture, ayants les pieds plātez ſur meſmes lignes, la teſte & le centre du corps reſpondants au deſſus du meſme centre, chaſcun au ſien, les corps eſtendus perpendiculairemēt, & en flanc, touts les nerfs & muſcles tendus, les genoux, & le bras de l’eſpee roides, la poignee bien fort ſerrée dedans le poing, les deux lames colloquées en lignes paralleles deſſous & deſſus; la pointe, la garde, & l’eſpaule droite, tant qu’il eſt poſſible, en egale hauteur. Poſture du tout naturelle, qui a l’aſſituation des pieds, du corps, & de l’eſpee grandement favorable & avantageuſe, tant pour demeurer, que pour ſe bouger, à droite, à gauche, en avant, & en arriere, ſans nulle incommodité. Ce qui ne ſe rencontrera pas en des autres poſtures, quelles quelles ſoyent. Car pour les avantages qu’elles donnent, touſiours elles donnent pareillement autant ou plus de deſavantage en contreſchange. La ſeule droite ligne eſt une poſture à tout faire, munie de touts coſtez egalement, & egalement preparée de touts coſtez à ſa defenſe.
 
|Par ainſi les voilà touts deux en pareille poſture, ayants les pieds plātez ſur meſmes lignes, la teſte & le centre du corps reſpondants au deſſus du meſme centre, chaſcun au ſien, les corps eſtendus perpendiculairemēt, & en flanc, touts les nerfs & muſcles tendus, les genoux, & le bras de l’eſpee roides, la poignee bien fort ſerrée dedans le poing, les deux lames colloquées en lignes paralleles deſſous & deſſus; la pointe, la garde, & l’eſpaule droite, tant qu’il eſt poſſible, en egale hauteur. Poſture du tout naturelle, qui a l’aſſituation des pieds, du corps, & de l’eſpee grandement favorable & avantageuſe, tant pour demeurer, que pour ſe bouger, à droite, à gauche, en avant, & en arriere, ſans nulle incommodité. Ce qui ne ſe rencontrera pas en des autres poſtures, quelles quelles ſoyent. Car pour les avantages qu’elles donnent, touſiours elles donnent pareillement autant ou plus de deſavantage en contreſchange. La ſeule droite ligne eſt une poſture à tout faire, munie de touts coſtez egalement, & egalement preparée de touts coſtez à ſa defenſe.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 2'''
+
|'''Circle No 2.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm. ''
+
|''Alexander follows the initial approach against the obtuse angle posture, which he started and half-completed in Circle N0 2 in the preceeding Plate, where he had just put the sword up beside his head, with his right foot raised and slightly ahead. As he is about to step to the First Instance, he will likewise adopt the obtuse posture against the opponent’s sword to the inside of the arm.''
  
 
|''Alexandre pourſuit la premiere approche contre l’angle obtus, par luy commencé & à demi faite au Tableau precedent Cercle N.2. où il eſtoit venu juſqu’à ſe mettre l’eſpee à coſté de la teſte, avec le pied droit un peu avancé en l’air: maintenant en venant ſur la Premiere Inſtance, il la met pareillement en angle obtus contre l’autre en dedans du bras.''
 
|''Alexandre pourſuit la premiere approche contre l’angle obtus, par luy commencé & à demi faite au Tableau precedent Cercle N.2. où il eſtoit venu juſqu’à ſe mettre l’eſpee à coſté de la teſte, avec le pied droit un peu avancé en l’air: maintenant en venant ſur la Premiere Inſtance, il la met pareillement en angle obtus contre l’autre en dedans du bras.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by forcing the opponent’s sword aside at the Second Instance, which shall be explained in another chapter.
+
|He advances the right side of his body, bringing the foot, his arm, and the sword forward at the same time. He places his foot on the side of the Quadrangle line C–B (Not on the collateral line as in the previous demonstration) drawing the left foot after, up to the Pedal Line. At the same time, he carries the sword forward, towards the enemy, raising it to an obtuse angle, and crossing both swords to the inside, with his 5th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, but without doing anything against the sword. By this means, he readys himself to move in this way along the Diameter, by subjugating the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, which shall be explained elsewhere.
  
 
|Il avance le coſté droit du corps, menant egalement au meſme tēps le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee; dont il plante le pied ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. (non pas ſur la collaterale, comme il a fait en la demonſtration precedente) laiſſant trainer le pied gauche apres, ſur la ligne Pedale; & au meſme temps, il porte l’eſpee en avant droit à l’Ennemi, la mettant contre icelle en angle obtus, en dedans du bras, Nombre 5. contre Nombre 5, ſans faire aucun effort alencontre; s’appreſtant par ce moyen à marcher par deçà le Diametre, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance, comme il ſera declaré autrepart.
 
|Il avance le coſté droit du corps, menant egalement au meſme tēps le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee; dont il plante le pied ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. (non pas ſur la collaterale, comme il a fait en la demonſtration precedente) laiſſant trainer le pied gauche apres, ſur la ligne Pedale; & au meſme temps, il porte l’eſpee en avant droit à l’Ennemi, la mettant contre icelle en angle obtus, en dedans du bras, Nombre 5. contre Nombre 5, ſans faire aucun effort alencontre; s’appreſtant par ce moyen à marcher par deçà le Diametre, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance, comme il ſera declaré autrepart.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Of all the postures which one might adopt, the Obtuse Angle is the strongest. No one wishes to give their adversary any advantage when he uses this one, so one must bring his sword to the same obtuse angle against it, and particularly if he intends to attack. If he were to try anything else, say, an attack along the direct line, the adversary would drop his blade down and interrupt the stoccata thrust along the direct line by taking a similar direct line, but over top of the other, and in a more natural and more powerful position. This is because movments which descend from above are assisted by forces of Nature. We call them natural moves. The other movements are unnatural and consequently weaker, however more or less. This can be manfestly seen when one person drops a rock from high up, and another person throws a rock upwards from below. One loses energy at every instant until it starts to fall back to the ground, as if exhausted from work. The other, falling from above, continuously gains energy. If the one should happen to hit the other, everyone knows that the one falling from above will affect the other more than the one thrown from below can affect the one falling, because the unnatural cannot resist natural forces any more than the weak can resist the strong, any more than one who is missing limbs can against someone fit,  vigorous, and able.
+
|Of all the postures which one might adopt, the Obtuse Angle is the strongest. No one wishes to give their adversary any advantage when he uses this one, so one must bring his sword to the same obtuse angle against it, and particularly if he intends to attack. If he were to try anything else, say, an attack along the direct line, the adversary would drop his blade down and interrupt the thrust along the direct line by taking a similar direct line, but over top of the other, and in a more natural and more powerful position. This is because movments which descend from above are assisted by forces of Nature. We call them natural moves. The other movements are unnatural and consequently weaker, some more, and some less. This can be manfestly seen when one person drops a rock from high up, and another person throws a rock upwards from below. One loses energy at every instant until it starts to fall back to the ground, as if exhausted from work. The other, falling from above, continuously gains energy. If the one should happen to hit the other, everyone knows that the one falling from above will affect the other more than the one thrown from below can affect the one falling, because the unnatural cannot resist natural forces any more than the weak can resist the strong, any more than one who is missing limbs can against someone fit,  vigorous, and able.
  
 
|Entre toutes ces poſtures, qui puiſſent eſtre, celle de l’angle obtus eſt la plus forte. Partant quiconque ne veut donner à ſa partie adverſe de l’avantage, lors qu’il en uſe; il faut qu’il porte ſon eſpee de meſme en angle obtus alencontre, & principalemēt s’il pretend de luy donner l’aſſaut. Car s’il y veut aller autrement, comme poſé qu’il le veuille attaquer avec la droite ligne, l’Adverſaire pourra laiſſer deſcendre au meſme temps l’eſpee de haut à bas, d’angle obtus en angle droit, & par ainſi rencontrer l’eſtocade de la ligne droite inferieure d’une ſemblable ligne droite, mais ſuperieur, & par conſequent plus naturelle, & plus puiſſante. Car les mouvements qui viennent de haut, ont la nature en aide; nous les appellons naturels. Les auſtres ſont violents, & par conſequent auſſi plus foibles, qui plus, & qui moins. Cela ſe voit manifeſtement par exemple, quand une pierre eſt jettée de haut en bas, & une autre jettée de la main d’une perſonne contremont. L’une perd à touts moments de ſa vigeur, de plus en plus juſqu’à tant qu’elle retombe d’elle meſme à terre, comme laſſée du travail, & opprimée de ſa propre charge. L’autre qui vient de haut, augmente continuellement ſa force. S’il advient, que ces deux pierres ſe rencontrent & choquent en l’air l’une contre l’autre, tout le monde ſait, que celle d’enhaut enforcera l’autre, & que le Violent ne pourra reſiſter au Naturel, non plus, que le foible au fort, ne celuy qui ſeroit perclus de ſes membres à un qui fuſt diſpoſt, gaillard, & habile.
 
|Entre toutes ces poſtures, qui puiſſent eſtre, celle de l’angle obtus eſt la plus forte. Partant quiconque ne veut donner à ſa partie adverſe de l’avantage, lors qu’il en uſe; il faut qu’il porte ſon eſpee de meſme en angle obtus alencontre, & principalemēt s’il pretend de luy donner l’aſſaut. Car s’il y veut aller autrement, comme poſé qu’il le veuille attaquer avec la droite ligne, l’Adverſaire pourra laiſſer deſcendre au meſme temps l’eſpee de haut à bas, d’angle obtus en angle droit, & par ainſi rencontrer l’eſtocade de la ligne droite inferieure d’une ſemblable ligne droite, mais ſuperieur, & par conſequent plus naturelle, & plus puiſſante. Car les mouvements qui viennent de haut, ont la nature en aide; nous les appellons naturels. Les auſtres ſont violents, & par conſequent auſſi plus foibles, qui plus, & qui moins. Cela ſe voit manifeſtement par exemple, quand une pierre eſt jettée de haut en bas, & une autre jettée de la main d’une perſonne contremont. L’une perd à touts moments de ſa vigeur, de plus en plus juſqu’à tant qu’elle retombe d’elle meſme à terre, comme laſſée du travail, & opprimée de ſa propre charge. L’autre qui vient de haut, augmente continuellement ſa force. S’il advient, que ces deux pierres ſe rencontrent & choquent en l’air l’une contre l’autre, tout le monde ſait, que celle d’enhaut enforcera l’autre, & que le Violent ne pourra reſiſter au Naturel, non plus, que le foible au fort, ne celuy qui ſeroit perclus de ſes membres à un qui fuſt diſpoſt, gaillard, & habile.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 3'''
+
|'''Circle No 3.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|As I say, Alexander has taken three or four steps according to the distance, holding the sword across the stomach, as described before after drawing the sword, or having rested it in the crook of his left arm. Finally, as he as come close enough to the circle with his right foot that one more pace will bring him to the First Instance, he raised his arm with the sword up at an obtuse angle a bit to the right. Again, as he raised, moved, and placed his left foot on the ground at the Circumference point C, he dropped the sword down to an acute angle, swinging it diagonally under his opponent’s sword, with his body leaning slightly back on the right knee, which is also bent.
+
|As I say, Alexander has taken three or four steps according to the distance, holding the sword across the stomach, as described before after drawing the sword, or having rested it in the crook of his left arm. Finally, as he as come close enough to the circle with his right foot that one more pace will bring him to the First Instance, he raised his arm with the sword up at an obtuse angle a bit to the right. Again, as he raised, moved, and placed his left foot on the ground at the Circumference point C, he dropped the sword down to an acute angle, swinging it diagonally under his opponent’s sword, with his body leaning slightly back on the right knee, which is bent.
  
 
|Ie di donc, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a marché trois ou quatre pas en avant, à meſure de la diſtance; tenant du commencement l’eſpee de travers par devant ſa poitrine, en la maniere, qu’il a eſté dit cy deſſus apres le deſgainement, ou l’ayant couchée ſur le coude du bras gauche, & que finalement en approchant le pied droit ſi pres du Cercle, qu’il ne reſtoit qu’un pas à faire, pour venir à la Premiere Inſtance, il a hauſſé egalement le bras avec l’eſpee, en angle obtus un peu à coſté: & derechef en levant, avançant, & abaiſſant le pied gauche à terre, à la Circonference lettre C. il les a deſcendus egalemēt de haut en bas, portant l’eſpee diagonalement deſſous l’eſpee contraire en angle aigu, avec le corps panché un peu à l’envers ſur le genouil droit, iceluy eſtant plié.
 
|Ie di donc, qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a marché trois ou quatre pas en avant, à meſure de la diſtance; tenant du commencement l’eſpee de travers par devant ſa poitrine, en la maniere, qu’il a eſté dit cy deſſus apres le deſgainement, ou l’ayant couchée ſur le coude du bras gauche, & que finalement en approchant le pied droit ſi pres du Cercle, qu’il ne reſtoit qu’un pas à faire, pour venir à la Premiere Inſtance, il a hauſſé egalement le bras avec l’eſpee, en angle obtus un peu à coſté: & derechef en levant, avançant, & abaiſſant le pied gauche à terre, à la Circonference lettre C. il les a deſcendus egalemēt de haut en bas, portant l’eſpee diagonalement deſſous l’eſpee contraire en angle aigu, avec le corps panché un peu à l’envers ſur le genouil droit, iceluy eſtant plié.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Because this action will be used frequently at various occasions, I must warn you, when stepping into the First Instance with the left foot, and bringing the sword underneath the opposing blade at an acute angle, as much for attacking the enemy as for awaiting his attack, to always lean back on the right leg, with the right knee bent, to stay out of range this way, so he must take a larger step and take a longer time if he wishes to take advantage of his present superior position and attack, which is, at this point on his side. You, on the contrary, will find it easier to defend.
+
|Because this action will be used frequently at various occasions, I must caution you, when stepping into the First Instance with the left foot, and bringing the sword underneath the opposing blade at an acute angle, as much for attacking the enemy as for awaiting his attack, to always lean back on the right leg, with the right knee bent, to stay out of range this way, so he must take a larger step and take a longer time if he wishes to take advantage of his present superior position and attack, which is, at this point on his side. You, on the contrary, will find it easier to defend.
  
 
|Puis que l’uſage de ceſte operation viendra ſouvant à point en pluſieurs occaſions, je vous averti, en mettant le pied gauche en terre, à la Premiere Inſtance, & portant l’eſpee deſſous l’eſpee contraire en angle aigu, tant pour travailler ſur l’Ennemi, que pour attendre ſa charge, de ce faire en toutes occaſions avec le ſuſdit panchement du corps ſur la jambe droite, le genouil d’icelle plié, pour demeurer tant plus hors de preſence, afin que s’il vouluſt travailler ſur vous avec l’avantage de la ſuperiorité, qui eſt pour le preſent de ſon coſté, il euſt beſoin d’un plus grand temps pour vous atteindre; & vous, au contraire plus de commodité pour faire la defence.
 
|Puis que l’uſage de ceſte operation viendra ſouvant à point en pluſieurs occaſions, je vous averti, en mettant le pied gauche en terre, à la Premiere Inſtance, & portant l’eſpee deſſous l’eſpee contraire en angle aigu, tant pour travailler ſur l’Ennemi, que pour attendre ſa charge, de ce faire en toutes occaſions avec le ſuſdit panchement du corps ſur la jambe droite, le genouil d’icelle plié, pour demeurer tant plus hors de preſence, afin que s’il vouluſt travailler ſur vous avec l’avantage de la ſuperiorité, qui eſt pour le preſent de ſon coſté, il euſt beſoin d’un plus grand temps pour vous atteindre; & vous, au contraire plus de commodité pour faire la defence.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|After having put his left foot on the Circumference at point C, he begins to shift his weight onto it, while lifting and moving his right foot forward, he raises his arm and sword at the same time into an obtuse angle. He contacts the opponent’s blade on the outside of the arm, his 6th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, as shown in the picture. Thus having prepared to step with the right foot, which is at this moment in the air, with the right hand he casts the opponent’s sword aside to the Second Instance, as shall be shown in several places, below.
+
|After having put his left foot on the Circumference at point C, he begins to shift his weight onto it, while lifting and moving his right foot forward, he raises his arm and sword at the same time into an obtuse angle. He contacts the opponent’s blade on the outside of the arm, his 6th Span against Zachary’s 5th Span, as shown in the picture. Thus having prepared to step with the right foot, which is at this moment in the air, with the right hand he subjugates the opponent’s sword at the Second Instance, as shall be shown hereafter in several places.
  
 
|Ayant mis le pied gauche à la Circonference au point C, il commence à ſouſlever ſur iceluy ſon corps, en eſlevant & avancant le pied droit, & hauſſant au meſme temps le bras avec l’eſpee en angle obtus; l’accouplant avec l’eſpee contraire en dehors du bras Nombre 6. au Nombre 5: ainſi qu’il eſt demonſtré à ſa pourtraiture. S’eſtant par ainſi appreſté à marcher du pied droit, qui eſt à preſent en l’air, à main doite, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance; comme il ſera monſtré cy apres en pluſieurs endroits.
 
|Ayant mis le pied gauche à la Circonference au point C, il commence à ſouſlever ſur iceluy ſon corps, en eſlevant & avancant le pied droit, & hauſſant au meſme temps le bras avec l’eſpee en angle obtus; l’accouplant avec l’eſpee contraire en dehors du bras Nombre 6. au Nombre 5: ainſi qu’il eſt demonſtré à ſa pourtraiture. S’eſtant par ainſi appreſté à marcher du pied droit, qui eſt à preſent en l’air, à main doite, en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee contraire à la Seconde Inſtance; comme il ſera monſtré cy apres en pluſieurs endroits.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 4'''
+
|'''Circle No 4.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|So, we have two ways of approaching against a direct line position: one is shown in the first circle, the other in the fourth; of the two, the first is safest. Because what else is it, to hold the sword-tip behind or to the side at the moment one moves the right foot to step into First Instance in range of an enemy already on guard, if not to give him a clear chance to try a good stoccata thrust, a natural opening, close up, on someone who has put himself into a position to have to make an unnatural, rising defence with slower, bigger movements?  This is why I say, that this last method of approach by Alexander is quite a graceful way to move into First Instance, but too dangerous when coming into range, and that the first method is the best in all sorts of circumstances.
+
|So, we have two ways to approach against a direct line position: one is shown in the first circle, the other in the fourth; of the two, the first is safest. Because, to move the sword-tip behind or to the side while moving into range with the right foot, against an enemy already on guard in the First Instance, what does that do, if not to give him a clear advantage to risk a good thrust, to naturally try, and close up, on one who has put himself into a position to have to make an unnatural, rising defence with slower, bigger movements, from further away?  This is why I say, that this last method of approach by Alexander is quite a graceful way to move into position, but too dangerous when coming into range, and that the first method is the best in all sorts of circumstances.
  
 
|Voilà donc deux manieres de faire ses approches contre la droite ligne: l’une qui est demonſtrée ſur le cercle premier, & l’autre ſur le quatrieme; dont la premiere eſt la plus ſeure. Car de porter ſa pointe derriere le dos, ou à coſté, cependant qu’on entre avec le pied droit en meſure, eſtant l’Ennemi ſur ſes gardes à la Premiere Inſtance, qu’eſt ce, ſinon luy donner un franc avantage de hazarder au meſme temps une bonne eſtocade, à tirer naturellement & de pres, ſur celuy qui ſe met en eſtat de faire ſa defenſe violentement contremont, avec des mouvements plus grands, & de plus loing? C’eſt ce qui me fait dire, que ceſte derniere operation d’Alexandre eſt aſſez gratieuſe pour ſe mettre le premier en poſture; mais trop dangereuſe pour entrer en meſure: & que la premiere c’eſt la meilleure en toute ſorte d’occurrences.
 
|Voilà donc deux manieres de faire ses approches contre la droite ligne: l’une qui est demonſtrée ſur le cercle premier, & l’autre ſur le quatrieme; dont la premiere eſt la plus ſeure. Car de porter ſa pointe derriere le dos, ou à coſté, cependant qu’on entre avec le pied droit en meſure, eſtant l’Ennemi ſur ſes gardes à la Premiere Inſtance, qu’eſt ce, ſinon luy donner un franc avantage de hazarder au meſme temps une bonne eſtocade, à tirer naturellement & de pres, ſur celuy qui ſe met en eſtat de faire ſa defenſe violentement contremont, avec des mouvements plus grands, & de plus loing? C’eſt ce qui me fait dire, que ceſte derniere operation d’Alexandre eſt aſſez gratieuſe pour ſe mettre le premier en poſture; mais trop dangereuſe pour entrer en meſure: & que la premiere c’eſt la meilleure en toute ſorte d’occurrences.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
| Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, in the case of a friendly bout, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to throw it aside, or control it, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease.
+
| Concerning the use of postures, it is my estimation that, when it comes to the question of skillful sword use, that someone who knows how to properly present a Direct Line posture, needs no other, for his defence, as far as defense depends on posture. One can see how much this burdens an attacker, when used skillfully, to wait, to beat back, and to dominate even the most forceful attacks, even from the greatest swordsman, if he practises only the old styles. But when it comes to serious swordplay, and above all when life is in danger, there is no guard, neither high nor low, neither distant or close, no body position, no special way of gripping the sword, that could make this better. It is true that this book is filled with examples of Direct Line postures, but this is for instruction. When it comes to practice, I wish that our scholar should abandon all that, and that he take upon himself the same expessions and attitudes as those who have elegant fighting styles, whether his enemy is standing in a posture, advancing, or using his sword. He shall continue to move, using a frank, natural pace, to one or the other of the two sides, always avoiding the Diameter Line, where the Enemy stands erect, and always keeps, to the extent possible, the bodies, the Diameters, the positions, and movements in an unequal state. Because to work against an adversary, one must have an advantage, and to have an advantage, one must have inequality. Between things that are equal, being equal, there is no prerogative. As soon as he comes into range, he must make sure of his adversary’s sword, attacking it to subjugate it, or force it aside, or to cover it, or using it to conveniently guide his critical thrusts. He must continually step without interruption. Of course he must adapt to different circumstances, but never plant his feet on the ground as if in a posture, except when safely and securely inside his opponent’s line while at the same time executing an opportunistic strike. Then, and only then, he may break the continuous flow of motion, but absolutely not before this. Because a body in motion is also quicker to change and adapt its movements to all occasions, than one frozen in a posture, and because, as much as to take command of the situation, one must first begin to take action, which makes you ready to turn, return, step aside, avoid, and, in sum, make all the required moves promptly, with swiftness and ease.
  
 
| Touchant l’uſage des poſtures, j’eſtime, s’il eſt queſtion de tirer des armes par courtoiſie, celuy qui ſçaura bien preſenter la droite ligne, n’en avoir beſoin de nulle autre, pour ſa defenſe, ſi la defenſe depend deſ poſtures; voire qu’elle ſera baſtante à celuy, qui en ſçaura dextrement uſer, pour attendre, rabatre, & domter touts les plus rudes aſſauts, meſme du plus grād tireur d’armes, moyennant qu’il ne pratique que le vieil ſtile. Mais quand il ſeroit queſtion de tirer à bon, & ſur tout, quand il y iroit de la vie, il n’y a nulle garde, haute ne baſſe, longue ne courte, nulle poſture de corps, nulle tenue d’eſpee, & fuſt elle qualifiée de touts les avantages poſsibles, en laquelle on ſe doive arreſter pour attendre. Il eſt vray, que ce livre eſt grandement rempli des poſtures de la droite ligne; mais ce n’eſt que pour donner inſtrućtion. Quand ce viendra à l’a Pratique, je veux que noſtre Eſcholier abandonne tout celà; & qu’il tienne, quant à luy, la meſme contenance & les mines de ceux qui ſe donnent l’aſſaut à bon eſcient, ſoit que l’Ennemi ſe tienne arreſté en poſture, ſoit qu’il s’avance, ou qu’il travaille. Il continuera touſiours à cheminer, en uſant d’une demarche franche & naturelle, vers l’un ou l’autre des deux coſtez, fuyant ſur tout la ligne du Diametre, où le corps de l’Ennemi eſt dreſſé, & tenant perpetuellement, tant qu’il ſera poſsible, les corps, les diametres, inſtances, & mouvements en deſgalité. Car pour bien travailler ſur l’Adverſaire, il faut de l’avantage; & pour avoir de l’avantage il faut de la deſgalité; eſtant impoſſible qu’entre choſes egales, entant qu’egales, il y ait aucune prerogative. Si toſt qu’il viendra à meſure, il s’aſſeurera de l’eſpee contraire, en l’attaquant pour l’aſſujettir, ou obliger, ou en la couvrant, ou en tirant au long d’icelle des eſtocades de premiere intention, s’il en a la commodité; continuant touſiours ſa demarche ſans nulle interruption: vray eſt qu’il ſe comportera diverſement ſelon la diverſité des occaſions; mais jamais ne plantera les deux pieds enſemble en terre en forme de poſture, ſi ce n’eſt quand il ſe mettra dedans la ligne de l’eſpee contraire en lieu ſeur & libre, en executant au meſme temps le coup qui ſera donné ſelon l’exigence. Là luy eſt permis de rompre aucunement la courſe de ſes aćtions, mais point devant; à raiſon que le corps qui eſt en aćte de ſe mouvoir, eſt auſsi plus prompt à changer & accommoder ſes mouvements à toutes occaſions, que non pas quand il ſe tient arreſté en poſture. Car auſsi bien pour l’avoir à commandement, on eſt contraint de le met~re premierement en branſle, qui luy ſert d’une preparation pour ſe diſpoſer à ſe tourner, retourner, virer, & en ſomme à faire toutes ſes affaires avec viſteſſe, promptitude, & facilité requiſe.
 
| Touchant l’uſage des poſtures, j’eſtime, s’il eſt queſtion de tirer des armes par courtoiſie, celuy qui ſçaura bien preſenter la droite ligne, n’en avoir beſoin de nulle autre, pour ſa defenſe, ſi la defenſe depend deſ poſtures; voire qu’elle ſera baſtante à celuy, qui en ſçaura dextrement uſer, pour attendre, rabatre, & domter touts les plus rudes aſſauts, meſme du plus grād tireur d’armes, moyennant qu’il ne pratique que le vieil ſtile. Mais quand il ſeroit queſtion de tirer à bon, & ſur tout, quand il y iroit de la vie, il n’y a nulle garde, haute ne baſſe, longue ne courte, nulle poſture de corps, nulle tenue d’eſpee, & fuſt elle qualifiée de touts les avantages poſsibles, en laquelle on ſe doive arreſter pour attendre. Il eſt vray, que ce livre eſt grandement rempli des poſtures de la droite ligne; mais ce n’eſt que pour donner inſtrućtion. Quand ce viendra à l’a Pratique, je veux que noſtre Eſcholier abandonne tout celà; & qu’il tienne, quant à luy, la meſme contenance & les mines de ceux qui ſe donnent l’aſſaut à bon eſcient, ſoit que l’Ennemi ſe tienne arreſté en poſture, ſoit qu’il s’avance, ou qu’il travaille. Il continuera touſiours à cheminer, en uſant d’une demarche franche & naturelle, vers l’un ou l’autre des deux coſtez, fuyant ſur tout la ligne du Diametre, où le corps de l’Ennemi eſt dreſſé, & tenant perpetuellement, tant qu’il ſera poſsible, les corps, les diametres, inſtances, & mouvements en deſgalité. Car pour bien travailler ſur l’Adverſaire, il faut de l’avantage; & pour avoir de l’avantage il faut de la deſgalité; eſtant impoſſible qu’entre choſes egales, entant qu’egales, il y ait aucune prerogative. Si toſt qu’il viendra à meſure, il s’aſſeurera de l’eſpee contraire, en l’attaquant pour l’aſſujettir, ou obliger, ou en la couvrant, ou en tirant au long d’icelle des eſtocades de premiere intention, s’il en a la commodité; continuant touſiours ſa demarche ſans nulle interruption: vray eſt qu’il ſe comportera diverſement ſelon la diverſité des occaſions; mais jamais ne plantera les deux pieds enſemble en terre en forme de poſture, ſi ce n’eſt quand il ſe mettra dedans la ligne de l’eſpee contraire en lieu ſeur & libre, en executant au meſme temps le coup qui ſera donné ſelon l’exigence. Là luy eſt permis de rompre aucunement la courſe de ſes aćtions, mais point devant; à raiſon que le corps qui eſt en aćte de ſe mouvoir, eſt auſsi plus prompt à changer & accommoder ſes mouvements à toutes occaſions, que non pas quand il ſe tient arreſté en poſture. Car auſsi bien pour l’avoir à commandement, on eſt contraint de le met~re premierement en branſle, qui luy ſert d’une preparation pour ſe diſpoſer à ſe tourner, retourner, virer, & en ſomme à faire toutes ſes affaires avec viſteſſe, promptitude, & facilité requiſe.
Line 2,905: Line 2,909:
 
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|Thus, to understand the superiority of the Direct Line, the foremost of all the postures, let us consider that the body is in an entirely natural position, convenient and ready to work, to move in all directions equally: forward, backwards, left, and right, extending, or shortening the paces as needed, with no other preparation, having the arm and sword out in front in a straight line, and ready to parry all sorts of thrusts, cuts, and back-cuts, without using any excessive motions against them. Observe how the head, shoulders, and trunk down to the pectorals are covered by the guard. So well, that the enemy cannot attack them, not in passing the tip, which is the weak part of the sword, over the guard, which is the strongest part of the sword. It can be compared to a town’s boulevard, or a fortress, built to withstand a large army with a small garrison. Because if your enemy should chance to take aim at these above-listed body parts, as soon as your eye catches the beginning of his movement, you prepare to defend against him, to receive the weak part of his blade with the crosspiece of your guard, at about the 3rd or 4th Span, before the point can pass or reach your elbow. As you continue to progress along the blade, you move forward and flank him from a little bit aside the Diameter. In this way he will be forced to withdraw from the direct line which you will now control, and all you will need to do is put the point between his eyes, stopping out of courtesy or driving home in anger, as you desire.
+
|Thus, to understand the superiority of the Direct Line, the foremost of all the postures, let us consider that the body is in an entirely natural position, convenient and ready to work, to move in all directions equally: forward, backwards, left, and right, extending, or shortening the paces as needed, with no other preparation, having the arm and sword out in front in a straight line, and ready to parry all sorts of thrusts, cuts, and back-cuts, without using any excessive motions against them. Observe how the head, shoulders, and trunk down to the pectorals are covered by the guard. So well, that the enemy cannot attack them, not without passing his tip, which is the weak part of the sword, over your guard, which is the strongest part of the sword. It can be compared to a town’s boulevard, or a fortress, built to withstand a large army with a small garrison. Because if your enemy should chance to take aim at these above-listed body parts, as soon as your eye catches the beginning of his movement, you prepare to defend against him, to receive the weak part of his blade with the crosspiece of your guard, at about the 3rd or 4th Span, before the point can pass or reach your elbow. As you continue to slide the point of contact along the blade, you move forward and flank him from a little bit beside the Diameter. In this way he will be forced to withdraw from the direct line which you will now control, and all you will need to do is put the point between his eyes, stopping exactly in front or driving forcefully in, as you desire.
  
 
|Pour donc comprendre l’excellence de ceſte Droite ligne, la premiere de toutes les poſtures; conſiderons qu’elle retient le corps en une ſituation du tout naturelle, & commode, & diſpoſée à travailler, & à ſe tranſporter de toutes parts egalement; en avant, en arriere, à droite, & à gauche, en allongeant, ou en raccouciſſant la demarche, ainſi que bon luy ſemble, ſans nulle autre preparation: ayant le bras & l’eſpee avancez en ligne droite, & appreſtez à parer toute ſorte d’eſtocades, eſtramaçons, & revers, ſans uſer alencontre d’aucuns mouvements extremes. Voire que la teſte, & les eſpaules, & la poitrine juſqu’à l’endroit des tetins, y ſont couverts de la garde; ſi bien que l’Ennemi ne les peut offenſer, ſi non en paſſant de ſa pointe, qui eſt le foible de l’eſpee, du long de la garde, qui en eſt le fort: & à bon droit ſe compare à un boulevart de ville, ou à une fortereſſe, baſtante à ſouſtenir l’effort d’une grande armee avec bien peu de gens. Que s’il advient donc, que l’Ennemi ſe hazarde de tirer vers les parties ſuſdites, tout à l’inſtant que vous appercevrez à veue d’œil le commencement de ſon mouvement, vous ferez voſtre preparation alencontre, pour accueillir de la branche voſtre garde le foible ſa lame à Nombre 3. ou 4. avant que ſa pointe puiſſe arriver, ou paſſer l’endroit de voſtre coude; en continuant à la graduer, & vous avancer & flancquer ſur luy un peu à coſté le Diametre; en ſorte qu’il ſera contraint de vous quitter la droite ligne, laquelle vous demeurera franche, & ne tiendra qu’à vous, de luy mettre la pointe devant les yeux, en l’arreſtant par courtoiſie, ou de l’executer par rigueur, ſelon voſtre appetit.
 
|Pour donc comprendre l’excellence de ceſte Droite ligne, la premiere de toutes les poſtures; conſiderons qu’elle retient le corps en une ſituation du tout naturelle, & commode, & diſpoſée à travailler, & à ſe tranſporter de toutes parts egalement; en avant, en arriere, à droite, & à gauche, en allongeant, ou en raccouciſſant la demarche, ainſi que bon luy ſemble, ſans nulle autre preparation: ayant le bras & l’eſpee avancez en ligne droite, & appreſtez à parer toute ſorte d’eſtocades, eſtramaçons, & revers, ſans uſer alencontre d’aucuns mouvements extremes. Voire que la teſte, & les eſpaules, & la poitrine juſqu’à l’endroit des tetins, y ſont couverts de la garde; ſi bien que l’Ennemi ne les peut offenſer, ſi non en paſſant de ſa pointe, qui eſt le foible de l’eſpee, du long de la garde, qui en eſt le fort: & à bon droit ſe compare à un boulevart de ville, ou à une fortereſſe, baſtante à ſouſtenir l’effort d’une grande armee avec bien peu de gens. Que s’il advient donc, que l’Ennemi ſe hazarde de tirer vers les parties ſuſdites, tout à l’inſtant que vous appercevrez à veue d’œil le commencement de ſon mouvement, vous ferez voſtre preparation alencontre, pour accueillir de la branche voſtre garde le foible ſa lame à Nombre 3. ou 4. avant que ſa pointe puiſſe arriver, ou paſſer l’endroit de voſtre coude; en continuant à la graduer, & vous avancer & flancquer ſur luy un peu à coſté le Diametre; en ſorte qu’il ſera contraint de vous quitter la droite ligne, laquelle vous demeurera franche, & ne tiendra qu’à vous, de luy mettre la pointe devant les yeux, en l’arreſtant par courtoiſie, ou de l’executer par rigueur, ſelon voſtre appetit.
Line 2,911: Line 2,915:
 
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|For one who percieves the lack of advantage he would have by coming so close to your guard, either to the inside or the outside of the arm, he might try to hit you in the stomach, by dropping the point. He would not be considering the fact that the more he moves off the straight line towards the closest open place, the more he loses from the length of his sword, which is why by doing this, he is giving you more time to see, observe, and judge all his moves. You will have little other to do than fold the stomach while leaning the torso forward, and placing the tip of your sword on his shoulder. Because by doing this, if you are equals, if you have likewise equal swords, your Direct line will be able to hit him, while his tip will still be at least a foot away from you. Thus all these operations, along with several others, which demonstrate so clearly the advantages of this posture, are shown in Plate V, which shall serve in this regard as proof of the Direct Line, as it shall be, in the majority of the Plates that follow, the principal subject of the exercises.
+
|For one who percieves the lack of advantage he would have by coming so close to your guard, either to the inside or the outside of the arm, he might try to hit you in the stomach, by dropping the point. He would not be considering the fact that the more he moves off the straight line and the closest place he could reach, which is your shoulder, the more he loses from the length of his sword, which is why by doing this, he is giving you more time to see, observe, and judge all his moves. You will have little other to do than fold the stomach while leaning the torso forward, and placing the tip of your sword on his shoulder. Because by doing this, if you are equals, if you have likewise equal swords, your Direct line will be able to hit him, while his tip will still be at least a foot away from you. Thus all these actions along with several others, which demonstrate so clearly the advantages of this posture, are shown in Plate V, which shall serve in this regard as proof of the Direct Line, as it shall be, in the majority of the Plates that follow, the principal subject of the exercises.
  
 
|Que ſi en recognoiſſant le peu d’avantage, qu’il auroit à venir ſi pres de voſtre garde, tant en dehors, comme en dedans du bras, il taſche à vous fraper au ventre, en abaiſſant la pointe; ſans conſiderer qu’autant qu’il s’eſloigne de la droite ligne, & du plus prochain endroit de l’attouchement, qui eſt voſtre eſpaule droite, autant il perd ſur la longueur de ſon eſpee, à raiſon dequoy il vous donne auſsi plus de loiſir de voir, diſcerner, & juger touts ſes mouvements: vous n’aurez autre choſe à faire, ſinon de creuſer au meſme temps un peu le ventre, en panchant de la poitrine ſur le devant, & aſſituant la pointe de voſtre eſpee à ſon eſpaule. Car en ce faiſant, ſi vous eſtes egauz, & que vous ayez pareillement les eſpees egales, voſtre droite ligne le pourra toucher, lors que ſa pointe ſera encor eſloignée de vous de plus d’un pied de diſtance. Or toutes ces operations avec quelques autres, qui demonſtrent ſi clairement les avantages de ceſte poſture, ſeront repreſentées au Tabl.V. qui nous ſervira pour ceſt eſgard d’une preuve de la droite ligne, comme de celle qui ſera en la pluspart des Tables ſuivantes le principal ſujet de l’exercice.
 
|Que ſi en recognoiſſant le peu d’avantage, qu’il auroit à venir ſi pres de voſtre garde, tant en dehors, comme en dedans du bras, il taſche à vous fraper au ventre, en abaiſſant la pointe; ſans conſiderer qu’autant qu’il s’eſloigne de la droite ligne, & du plus prochain endroit de l’attouchement, qui eſt voſtre eſpaule droite, autant il perd ſur la longueur de ſon eſpee, à raiſon dequoy il vous donne auſsi plus de loiſir de voir, diſcerner, & juger touts ſes mouvements: vous n’aurez autre choſe à faire, ſinon de creuſer au meſme temps un peu le ventre, en panchant de la poitrine ſur le devant, & aſſituant la pointe de voſtre eſpee à ſon eſpaule. Car en ce faiſant, ſi vous eſtes egauz, & que vous ayez pareillement les eſpees egales, voſtre droite ligne le pourra toucher, lors que ſa pointe ſera encor eſloignée de vous de plus d’un pied de diſtance. Or toutes ces operations avec quelques autres, qui demonſtrent ſi clairement les avantages de ceſte poſture, ſeront repreſentées au Tabl.V. qui nous ſervira pour ceſt eſgard d’une preuve de la droite ligne, comme de celle qui ſera en la pluspart des Tables ſuivantes le principal ſujet de l’exercice.
Line 2,917: Line 2,921:
 
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|Some wish to approach this posture with feints from a distance and out of range, following the ordinary practice of the old mode, and trying, by these means, to confuse the Adversary, to be able to hit him while he is uncovered. All of this is nothing, as much as the Direct line is sufficient to defend oneself, such that one does not need to move oneself against these feints, any more than a horse stops at the yapping of a small beast. But if he dares come into range with his feints, and his blade passes your guard as far as Span 2, 3, or 4, either inside or outside, thinking to make you parry and move your sword to the side, he, himself, runs the risk of receiving rather than giving, if you, yourself, approach him in a Direct Line, at the same instant that he approaches, keeping your sword moving forward in a straight line. He can hardly keep from being wounded himself.
+
|Some wish to approach this posture with feints from a distance and out of range, following the ordinary practice of the old mode, and trying, by these means, to confuse the Adversary, to be able to hit him while he is uncovered. All of this is for nothing, as the Direct line is sufficient to defend oneself, inasmuch as one does not need to move oneself against these feints, any more than a horse stops at the yapping of a small beast. But if he dares come into range with his feints, and his blade passes your guard as far as Span 2, 3, or 4, either inside or outside, thinking to make you parry and move your sword to the side, he, himself, runs the risk of receiving rather than giving, if you, yourself, approach him in a Direct Line, at the same instant that he approaches, keeping your sword moving forward in a straight line. He can hardly keep from being wounded himself.
  
 
|De voulouir aborder ceſte poſture avec des feintes tirées de loing & hors de meſure, ſuivant l’ordinaire de la vieille mode, en taſchant par icelles de mettre l’Averſaire en confuſion, pour le fraper au deſcouvert de ſes arme: tout cela n’en eſt rien, d’autant que la droite ligne eſt ſuffiſante à s’en defendre d’elle meſme, de ſorte qu’elle ne ſe doit mouvoir à l’occaſion de telles feintes, non plus qu’un cheval ne s’arreſte à l’abbayement temeraire de quelque petite beſtiole. Mais s’il oſe entrer avec ſes feintes en meſure, & paſſer de ſa lame voſtre garde juſqu’aux Nombres 2. 3. ou 4. ſoit en dehors, ſoit en dedans, penſant de vous faire parer & eſcarter voſtre eſpee; il courra luy meſme grand fortune de recevoir au lieu de donner, ſi vous vous approchez devers luy à meſme grand inſtant qu’il s’approche, en continuant à advancer ſeulement voſtre eſpee en droite ligne: car à peine ſe pourra il garder de ne ſe bleſſer luy meſme.
 
|De voulouir aborder ceſte poſture avec des feintes tirées de loing & hors de meſure, ſuivant l’ordinaire de la vieille mode, en taſchant par icelles de mettre l’Averſaire en confuſion, pour le fraper au deſcouvert de ſes arme: tout cela n’en eſt rien, d’autant que la droite ligne eſt ſuffiſante à s’en defendre d’elle meſme, de ſorte qu’elle ne ſe doit mouvoir à l’occaſion de telles feintes, non plus qu’un cheval ne s’arreſte à l’abbayement temeraire de quelque petite beſtiole. Mais s’il oſe entrer avec ſes feintes en meſure, & paſſer de ſa lame voſtre garde juſqu’aux Nombres 2. 3. ou 4. ſoit en dehors, ſoit en dedans, penſant de vous faire parer & eſcarter voſtre eſpee; il courra luy meſme grand fortune de recevoir au lieu de donner, ſi vous vous approchez devers luy à meſme grand inſtant qu’il s’approche, en continuant à advancer ſeulement voſtre eſpee en droite ligne: car à peine ſe pourra il garder de ne ſe bleſſer luy meſme.
Line 2,923: Line 2,927:
 
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|If, to clear your sword from the line, he attacks in the ancient style, either inside or outside, to engage he advances, one foot or the other, at the same time, along the Diameter, so as to come within range to hit you, in order to do this, he will need to create some great opening by moving his tip so far away from you, that he will deprive himself of all defense, and will make himself a target for various thrusts and cuts, as shall be satisfactorily shown, below.
+
|Say he intends to clear your sword from the line, he attacks in the ancient style, either to the inside or outside to engage your sword, while at the same time he advances one foot or the other along the Diameter, so as to come within range to hit you. It will be necessary, for him to achieve this effect, to create a large opening by moving his tip so far away from you, that he will deprive himself of all defense, and will make himself a target for various thrusts and cuts, as shall be satisfactorily shown, below.
  
 
|Si pour faire ſortir voſtre eſpee de la ſituation, il la vient attaquer à la mode ancienne, en dehors ou en dedans, pour l’engager, en avançant quand & quand l’un ou l’autre des pieds ſur le Diametre, afin de gagner la meſure de vous pouvoir toucher; il luy ſera beſoing pour trouver ceſt effećt de faire avec ſon eſpee une grande ouverture, en eſcartant la pointe ſi loing de vous, qu’il ſe prive luy meſme de toute defenſe, & ſe mette en bute à pluſieurs coups de pointe & de taille, comme il ſera monſtré en la dedućtion de ces eſcrits, à voſtre entier contentement.
 
|Si pour faire ſortir voſtre eſpee de la ſituation, il la vient attaquer à la mode ancienne, en dehors ou en dedans, pour l’engager, en avançant quand & quand l’un ou l’autre des pieds ſur le Diametre, afin de gagner la meſure de vous pouvoir toucher; il luy ſera beſoing pour trouver ceſt effećt de faire avec ſon eſpee une grande ouverture, en eſcartant la pointe ſi loing de vous, qu’il ſe prive luy meſme de toute defenſe, & ſe mette en bute à pluſieurs coups de pointe & de taille, comme il ſera monſtré en la dedućtion de ces eſcrits, à voſtre entier contentement.
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|He might use another means, to attack you. He will try to bring his blade under yours, by bending his body and moving the right arm forward, together with the left hand, hoping to get close enough to your tip to beat it, and then hit you with a thrust in second time. If he makes his approach in this manner, here is the solution. At the same instant that he moves into place, where he hopes to beat aside your tip, you must likewise close on him, stepping a bit outside on the right hand side, putting yourself on the right side, the tip up, the guard down, to protect your lower areas. When this preparation is skillfully done, whether he follows up with an attack or whether he stays on guard, you will have the means to hit your target. These and other such proofs will be explored in Plate XXVII, where you will likewise find the reasons, drawn from fine, clear, and self-evident demonstrations.
+
|He might use another means, to attack you. He will try to bring his blade under yours, by bending his body and moving the right arm forward, together with the left hand, hoping to get close enough to your tip to beat it, and then hit you with a thrust in second time. If he makes his approach in this manner, here is the solution. At the same instant that he moves into place, where he hopes to beat aside your tip, you must likewise close on him, stepping a bit outside on the right hand side, turning your right side towards him, raising your sword-tip up and the guard down, to protect your lower areas. When this preparation is skillfully done, whether he follows up with an attack or whether he stays on guard, you will have the means to hit your target. These and other such proofs will be explored in Plate XXVII, where you will likewise find the reasons, drawn from fine, clear, beautiful, and self-evident demonstrations.
  
|Il pourra uſer d’encor une autre pratique, pour vous aſſaillir. c’eſt qu’il viendra porter ſa lame deſſous la voſtre, en courbant le corps, & avançant le bras droit, enſemble avec la main gauche, en eſpoir de l’approcher aſſez pres de voſtre pointe, pour le battre, & puis vous tirer une eſtocade au ſecond temps. S’il fait ſon approche en ceſte maniere, en voycy le remede. Au meſme inſtant qu’il entre ſur le lieu, où il s’attend de vous battre la pointe, il faut que vous entriez pareillement deſſus luy, en marchant un peu en dehors à main droite, vous mettant ſur le coſté droit, la pointe montante, & la garde baſſe, pour vous en couvrir les parties inferieures. ceſte  preparation eſtant d’extrement faite, ſoit qu’il pourſuive à travailler ſur vous, ſoit qu’il demeure ſur la parade, vous aurez moyen de le toucher à voſtre poſte. Telles & ſemblables preuves ſeront propoſées au Tabl. XXVII. où vous en trouverez pareillement les raiſons, tirées de demonſtrations autant evidentes, & certaines, que belles, & admirables.
+
|Il pourra uſer d’encor une autre pratique, pour vous aſſaillir. c’eſt qu’il viendra porter ſa lame deſſous la voſtre, en courbant le corps, & avançant le bras droit, enſemble avec la main gauche, en eſpoir de l’approcher aſſez pres de voſtre pointe, pour le battre, & puis vous tirer une eſtocade au ſecond temps. S’il fait ſon approche en ceſte maniere, en voycy le remede. Au meſme inſtant qu’il entre ſur le lieu, où il s’attend de vous battre la pointe, il faut que vous entriez pareillement deſſus luy, en marchant un peu en dehors à main droite, vous mettant ſur le coſté droit, la pointe montante, & la garde baſſe, pour vous en couvrir les parties inferieures. ceſte  preparation eſtant dextrement faite, ſoit qu’il pourſuive à travailler ſur vous, ſoit qu’il demeure ſur la parade, vous aurez moyen de le toucher à voſtre poſte. Telles & ſemblables preuves ſeront propoſées au Tabl. XXVII. où vous en trouverez pareillement les raiſons, tirées de demonſtrations autant evidentes, & certaines, que belles, & admirables.
  
 
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|One could suggest even more proofs of the Direct Line if these are not obvious enough to let you know that this is the finest, and most secure of all the positions with regard to defense. It is true that those who are not adept at this Exercise, cannot use this to defend themselves against the above-described proofs, but the imperfection of their ignorance should not become a prejudice against the perfection of this posture. The fault is in those who do not know how to apply this at the proper timing and distance, which is easy for others. However much we praise and applaud this, that is not to say that there aren’t a number of ways to work against it, even gaining some advantage. But I conclude it would be very difficult, even impossible, for all those who have not seriously trained in the principles that make up our system. The principal reason comes from the fact that the tip of the sword, when in the Direct line, is so strong in the face of the adversary, that he does not know how to work against it, except by diverting from his situation. For this reason he is constrained to cross swords, and thereby give you the means to know his intent by the feel of the weight and force he uses. This is an advertisement of his plans, and a rule for contrary actions. By this way, this posture is like a closed room, where one cannot enter without the goodwill of the master of the house. So one is constrainted to strike against him, to come in. All the other positions, as they all are, even that of the obtuse angle, are like open rooms, where one can rummage around however one likes. For one can hit their body, without running into their sword. It follows then, that the difficulty of working against the Direct line is entirely evident. Thus one must also conclude that one’s adversaries will need to be very talented and able, which is why, as much because one is able to use it in a wide variety of occasions, we chose it to train our scholar. So that, having first learned to overcome this difficult point, he will be even easily able to work through the rest, which will be for him but the least amount of effort.
+
|One could suggest even more tests of the Direct Line if these here were not sufficient to carry the knowledge that this is the finest, and most secure of all the positions with regard to defense. It is true that those who are not adept at this Exercise, may not be able to use this to defend themselves against the aforesaid tests, but the imperfection of their ignorance should not become a prejudice against the perfection of this posture. The fault is in those who do not know how to apply this at the proper timing and distance, which is easy for others. However much we praise and applaud this, that is not to say that there aren’t a number of ways to work against it, even gaining some advantage. But I conclude it would be very difficult, even impossible, for all those who have not seriously trained in the practical application of our principles. The principal reason comes from the fact that when the tip of the sword is in the Direct line, is such a threat to the adversary, that he does not know how to work against it, except by moving it away. For this reason he is constrained to cross swords, and thereby give you the means to know his intent by the feel of the weight and force he uses. This is an warning of his plans, and a guide for counter actions. By this way, this posture is like a closed room, where one cannot enter without the goodwill of the master of the house. So one is constrainted to strike against him, to come in. All the other positions, as many as they are, even that of the obtuse angle, are like open rooms, where one can rummage around however one likes. For one can hit their body, without running into their sword. It follows then, that the difficulty of working against the Direct line is entirely evident. Thus one must also conclude that one’s adversaries will need to be very talented and able, which is why, as much because one is able to use it in a wide variety of occasions, we chose it to train our scholar. So that, having first learned to overcome this difficult point, he will be even easily able to work through the rest, which will be for him but the least amount of effort.
  
 
|L’on pourroit propoſer encore d’autres preuves de la Droite ligne, ſi celles cy ne fuſſent baſtantes pour donner à cognoiſtre, qu’elle eſt la premiere, & la plus ſeure de toutes au regard de la defenſe. Il eſt vray que ceux qui ne ſont pas adroits en l’Exercice, ne ſe pourront pas defendre avec icelle contre les ſuſdites preuves; mais l’imperfećtion de leur ignorance ne doit tourner en prejudice à la perfećtion de la poſture. la faute en ſera en ce qu’ils ne la ſçauront appliquer aux temps & aux diſtances, qu’elle demande; ce qui ſera facile aux autres. Or quoy que nous la priſons & exaltions tant, ce n’eſt pas pourtant à dire, qu’il ne ſe trouve aſſez de moyens de travailler alencontre, meſmes avec avantage: mais nous jugeons que cela ſera tres difficile, voire impoſſible à touts ceux qui ne ſe ſeront exercez ſerieuſement en la meſme pratique de nos preceptes. Dont la cauſe principale giſt en ce, que la pointe de l’eſpee ſituée en ligne droite, eſt ſi fort en preſence à l’Adverſaire, qu’il ne ſçauroit travailler, ſinon en la divertiſſant de ſa ſituation. à raiſon dequoy il eſt contraint de venir à l’attouchement, & de vous preſenter le moyen de cognoiſtre par le ſentiment le poids & la force, dequoy il uſe. qui eſt un advertiſſement de touts les deſſeins, & une reigle de toutes les aćtions contraires. De maniere que ceſte poſture reſſemble à une chambre fermée, où lon ne peut entrer ſans congé du maiſtre de la maiſon; ains eſt on contraint de fraper à l’huis, pour entrer avec permiſſion. Toutes les autres, tant qu’il y en a, meſmes celle de l’angle obtus, reſemblent à une chambre ouverte, où on ſe peut fourrer dedans maugré qu’ils en ayent: car on leur peut toucher le corps, ſans venir à l’eſpee. S’enſuit donc que la difficulté de travailler ſur la droite ligne eſt toute evidente. dont il faut auſſi conclure, que ſes contraires ont beſoing de plus grand artifice: pour laquelle cauſe, comme auſſi pour ce qu’elle eſt capable d’une grande varieté de diverſifier ſes occaſions, nous l’avons choiſie, pour y exercer noſtre Eſcholier; afin que ayant premierement rompu ceſte pointe de difficultez, il ſe rende en apres tant plus aiſement capable de foncer tout le ſurplus, qui ne ſera que la moindre partie de la beſogne.
 
|L’on pourroit propoſer encore d’autres preuves de la Droite ligne, ſi celles cy ne fuſſent baſtantes pour donner à cognoiſtre, qu’elle eſt la premiere, & la plus ſeure de toutes au regard de la defenſe. Il eſt vray que ceux qui ne ſont pas adroits en l’Exercice, ne ſe pourront pas defendre avec icelle contre les ſuſdites preuves; mais l’imperfećtion de leur ignorance ne doit tourner en prejudice à la perfećtion de la poſture. la faute en ſera en ce qu’ils ne la ſçauront appliquer aux temps & aux diſtances, qu’elle demande; ce qui ſera facile aux autres. Or quoy que nous la priſons & exaltions tant, ce n’eſt pas pourtant à dire, qu’il ne ſe trouve aſſez de moyens de travailler alencontre, meſmes avec avantage: mais nous jugeons que cela ſera tres difficile, voire impoſſible à touts ceux qui ne ſe ſeront exercez ſerieuſement en la meſme pratique de nos preceptes. Dont la cauſe principale giſt en ce, que la pointe de l’eſpee ſituée en ligne droite, eſt ſi fort en preſence à l’Adverſaire, qu’il ne ſçauroit travailler, ſinon en la divertiſſant de ſa ſituation. à raiſon dequoy il eſt contraint de venir à l’attouchement, & de vous preſenter le moyen de cognoiſtre par le ſentiment le poids & la force, dequoy il uſe. qui eſt un advertiſſement de touts les deſſeins, & une reigle de toutes les aćtions contraires. De maniere que ceſte poſture reſſemble à une chambre fermée, où lon ne peut entrer ſans congé du maiſtre de la maiſon; ains eſt on contraint de fraper à l’huis, pour entrer avec permiſſion. Toutes les autres, tant qu’il y en a, meſmes celle de l’angle obtus, reſemblent à une chambre ouverte, où on ſe peut fourrer dedans maugré qu’ils en ayent: car on leur peut toucher le corps, ſans venir à l’eſpee. S’enſuit donc que la difficulté de travailler ſur la droite ligne eſt toute evidente. dont il faut auſſi conclure, que ſes contraires ont beſoing de plus grand artifice: pour laquelle cauſe, comme auſſi pour ce qu’elle eſt capable d’une grande varieté de diverſifier ſes occaſions, nous l’avons choiſie, pour y exercer noſtre Eſcholier; afin que ayant premierement rompu ceſte pointe de difficultez, il ſe rende en apres tant plus aiſement capable de foncer tout le ſurplus, qui ne ſera que la moindre partie de la beſogne.
Line 2,941: Line 2,945:
 
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|All that we have discussed up until this point has been concerned with the superiority of the Direct line with respect to the sword. We now shall speak more particularly with regard to the feet. Because the feet [moderate] all movement, extending or shortening steps, speeding them up or slowing them down, the lift, raise, lower, and straighten the body, there is nothing more necessary than to understand how they are used in the most convenient and natural way, so as to always be at the closest possible distance at all times. This is the situation: Zachary is waiting, right foot on the outside edge of the Quadrangle that runs X-Y with his toes on the circumference of the Circle at X and the left foot along the Pedal Line. Alexander is also standing with his feet at the opposite end of the diagram, his right foot on the side of the Quadrangle that runs C-B, likewise with his toes at C and his left foot on the Pedal Line at A. All this is clearly is clearly shown in the diagram of Circle No 1 in Plate I where we have shown through the footprints how the two adversaries should stand in the First Instance. This is what we call the true foundation of all the ranges, and the single beginning of all attacks and defenses. This arrangement of the feet is not only correct to present your sword while in the Direct Line posture, but also to keep your body slightly tense, naturally ready for any changes, and to move easily (which is the function of the feet) from one place to another.
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|All that we have discussed up until this point has been concerned with the superiority of the Direct line with respect to the sword. We now shall speak more particularly with regard to the feet. Because the feet govern all movement, extending or shortening steps, speeding them up or slowing them down, they support, raise, lower, and straighten the body, there is nothing more necessary than to understand how to use them in the most convenient and natural way, so as to always be at the closest possible distance at all times. This is the situation: Zachary is standing firm, right foot on the outside edge of the Quadrangle that runs X-Y with his toes on the circumference of the Circle at X and the left foot along the Pedal Line. Alexander is also standing with his feet at the opposite end of the diagram, his right foot on the side of the Quadrangle that runs C-B, likewise with his toes at C and his left foot on the Pedal Line at A. All this is clearly is clearly shown in the diagram of Circle No 1 in Plate I where we have shown through the footprints how the two adversaries should stand in the First Instance. This is what we call the true foundation of all the ranges, and the single beginning of all attacks and defenses. This arrangement of the feet is not only correct as a way to present your sword in the Direct Line posture, but also to hold it together, so the body is naturally ready for any changes, and to move easily (which is the function of the feet) from one place to another.
  
 
|Par ce qui a eſté diſcouru juſqu’à preſent, a eſté demonſtrée l’excellence de la Droite ligne au regard de la tenue de l’eſpee: maintenant nous en parlerons auſsi plus particulierement au regard de la ſituation des pieds. Car puis que les pieds moderent touts les mouvements, allongent les pas, les raccourciſſent, les haſtent, ou les retardent, ils ſouſlevent, hauſſent, baiſſent, redreſſent le corps, il n’eſt rien plus neceſſaire, que de bien entendre, quelle en eſt la ſituation la plus commode & naturelle, afin de s’en eſloigner le moins, qu’il eſt poſsible, en toutes ſes aćtions. Or voicy la ſituation dont nous parlons: Zacharie ſe tient planté, le pied droit ſur le coſté exterieure du Quadrangle XY. en touchant de ſes orteils la Circonference du Cercle à la lettre X. & le pied gauche ſur la ligne Pedale. Alexandre tenant auſſi les pieds de meſme à l’autre bout du plan: le pied droit ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. en touchant pareillement la lettre C. & le pied gauche ſur la Pedale A. le tout ſe voit plus clairement tracé en figure plane au premier Cercle du Tabl. I. où nous avons exprimé par la repreſentation des pieds, comment parties ſe doivent mettre ſur la Premiere Inſtance: laquelle nous tenons pour le vray fondement de toutes les meſures, & pour l’unique entree de touts aſſauts & defenſes. Ceſte ſituation de pieds n’eſt pas ſeulement propre pour l’effećt de preſenter l’eſpee en ligne droite, mais auſsi pour tenir les forces touſiours unies & le corps naturellement preſt à touts changemens, & à ſe tranſporter aiſement (qui eſt le propre office des pieds) de l’une place en l’autre.
 
|Par ce qui a eſté diſcouru juſqu’à preſent, a eſté demonſtrée l’excellence de la Droite ligne au regard de la tenue de l’eſpee: maintenant nous en parlerons auſsi plus particulierement au regard de la ſituation des pieds. Car puis que les pieds moderent touts les mouvements, allongent les pas, les raccourciſſent, les haſtent, ou les retardent, ils ſouſlevent, hauſſent, baiſſent, redreſſent le corps, il n’eſt rien plus neceſſaire, que de bien entendre, quelle en eſt la ſituation la plus commode & naturelle, afin de s’en eſloigner le moins, qu’il eſt poſsible, en toutes ſes aćtions. Or voicy la ſituation dont nous parlons: Zacharie ſe tient planté, le pied droit ſur le coſté exterieure du Quadrangle XY. en touchant de ſes orteils la Circonference du Cercle à la lettre X. & le pied gauche ſur la ligne Pedale. Alexandre tenant auſſi les pieds de meſme à l’autre bout du plan: le pied droit ſur le coſté du Quadrangle CB. en touchant pareillement la lettre C. & le pied gauche ſur la Pedale A. le tout ſe voit plus clairement tracé en figure plane au premier Cercle du Tabl. I. où nous avons exprimé par la repreſentation des pieds, comment parties ſe doivent mettre ſur la Premiere Inſtance: laquelle nous tenons pour le vray fondement de toutes les meſures, & pour l’unique entree de touts aſſauts & defenſes. Ceſte ſituation de pieds n’eſt pas ſeulement propre pour l’effećt de preſenter l’eſpee en ligne droite, mais auſsi pour tenir les forces touſiours unies & le corps naturellement preſt à touts changemens, & à ſe tranſporter aiſement (qui eſt le propre office des pieds) de l’une place en l’autre.
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|If you wish to see the proof, leave the left foot where it is, on the Pedal Line, and turn the heel of your right foot inside, along the extended Diameter, leaving your toes at C without changing anything, the sword and arm extended in a straight line above the Diameter. I tell you that you will find the limbs of the upper body straining against the limbs of the lower body. You will find it very difficult to keep the sword in the same line. Furthermore, when trying to move the right foot to the Second Instance, either to the left or to the right, it cannot be done without being forced to turn the foot in mid-step, into its true aspect, as it was at first. Otherwise the pace would be cramped and slow. It is true that if you change the foot as just described you will increase the force of the sword to the outside. If the enemy tries to cross your sword from that side, either to carry it away or throw it off, you can resist him with less force, if you are holding your sword as we described. But as much as it is useful against the outside line, it is that much less useful to the inside, because as much as the force is increased to one side, it is weakened on the other.
+
|If you wish to see the proof, leave the left foot where it is, on the Pedal Line, and turn the heel of your right foot inside, along the extended Diameter, leaving your toes at C without changing anything, the sword and arm extended in a straight line above the Diameter. I assure you that you will find the limbs of the upper body straining against the limbs of the lower body. You will find it very difficult to keep the sword in the same line. Furthermore, when trying to move the right foot to the Second Instance, either to the left or to the right, it cannot be done without being forced to turn the foot in mid-step, into its true aspect, as it was at first. Otherwise the pace would be cramped and slow. It is true that if you change the foot as just described you will increase the force of the sword to the outside. If the enemy tries to cross your sword from that side, either to move it away or subjugate it, you can resist him with less force, if you are holding your sword as we described. But as much as it is useful against the outside line, it is that much less useful to the inside, because as much as the force is increased to one side, it is weakened on the other.
  
 
|Si vous en demandez la preuve. Laiſſez le pied gauche, ainſi qu’il eſt, ſur la ligne ordinaire; & tournez ſeulement le talon du pied droit en dedans ſur le Diametre prolongé, laiſſant les orteils à la lettre C. ſans varier, le bras eſtendu avec l’eſpee en ligne droite au deſſus du Diametre. je di qu’en ce faiſant vous ſentirez que les membres de la partie ſuperieure du corps conteſteront contre les membres de la partie inferieure; & qu’à grand peine pourrez vous continuer à tenir l’eſpee en la meſme ligne. D’avantage en cheminant avec le pied droit vers la Deuxieme Inſtance, ſoit à main droite, ſoit à gauche, il ne ſe pourra faire, que vous ne ſoyez contraint de tourner le pied environ la mi voye en ſa vraye ſituation, où il avoit premierement eſté. autrement la demarche en ſera plus moleſte, & plus tardive. Il eſt vray que le changement du pied, eſtant fait en la forme dernierement dite, vous augmentera la force de l’eſpee par dehors; & que ſi l’Ennemi la vient toucher de ce coſté là, pour l’emmener, ou pour l’aſſujetir, vous luy pourrez faire reſiſtence avec moins de force, qu’en le tenant ſelon la forme de noſtre deſcription: mais autant que cela vous ſera profitable en dehors, autant il ſera nuiſible en dedans: car à meſure que la vigueur ſe reforce de l’un des coſtez, autant elles s’affoiblit de l’autre.  
 
|Si vous en demandez la preuve. Laiſſez le pied gauche, ainſi qu’il eſt, ſur la ligne ordinaire; & tournez ſeulement le talon du pied droit en dedans ſur le Diametre prolongé, laiſſant les orteils à la lettre C. ſans varier, le bras eſtendu avec l’eſpee en ligne droite au deſſus du Diametre. je di qu’en ce faiſant vous ſentirez que les membres de la partie ſuperieure du corps conteſteront contre les membres de la partie inferieure; & qu’à grand peine pourrez vous continuer à tenir l’eſpee en la meſme ligne. D’avantage en cheminant avec le pied droit vers la Deuxieme Inſtance, ſoit à main droite, ſoit à gauche, il ne ſe pourra faire, que vous ne ſoyez contraint de tourner le pied environ la mi voye en ſa vraye ſituation, où il avoit premierement eſté. autrement la demarche en ſera plus moleſte, & plus tardive. Il eſt vray que le changement du pied, eſtant fait en la forme dernierement dite, vous augmentera la force de l’eſpee par dehors; & que ſi l’Ennemi la vient toucher de ce coſté là, pour l’emmener, ou pour l’aſſujetir, vous luy pourrez faire reſiſtence avec moins de force, qu’en le tenant ſelon la forme de noſtre deſcription: mais autant que cela vous ſera profitable en dehors, autant il ſera nuiſible en dedans: car à meſure que la vigueur ſe reforce de l’un des coſtez, autant elles s’affoiblit de l’autre.  
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|For the second proof, do like this. Leave the left foot where itis, turning the heel of the right foot outwards, until it is on the Circumference of the Circle. By doing this, I tell you, that if the Enemy tries to contact your sword to the inside to throw it off, or move it aside, it will be very easy for you to resist, because of the increased force to the inside. But in exchange, you will be equally weakened to the outside. In summary, the situation is exactly the opposite of the previous one, and the effects are exactly opposite.
+
|For the second proof, do like this. Leave the left foot where itis, turning the heel of the right foot outwards, until it is on the Circumference of the Circle. By doing this, I assure you, that if the Enemy tries to contact your sword to the inside to subjugate it, or move it aside, it will be very easy for you to resist, because of the increased force to the inside. But in exchange, you will be equally weakened to the outside. In summary, the situation is exactly the opposite of the previous one, and the effects are exactly opposite.
  
 
|Pour la ſeconde preuve, faites ainſi. Laiſſez le pied gauche, & tournez ſeulement le talon du pied droit en dehors juſqu’à la Circonference du Cercle. En ce faiſant, je di, que ſi l’Ennemi vient toucher voſtre eſpee en dedans pour l’aſſujetir, ou pour la tranſporter, il vous ſera tres-facile de luy reſiſter, à cauſe de l’accroiſſement de la force en dedans: mais en eſchange vous ſerez d’autant plus affoibli en dehors. Somme ceſte ſituation du pied eſtant direćtement contraire à la precedente, auſſi les effećts en ſont du tout contraires.
 
|Pour la ſeconde preuve, faites ainſi. Laiſſez le pied gauche, & tournez ſeulement le talon du pied droit en dehors juſqu’à la Circonference du Cercle. En ce faiſant, je di, que ſi l’Ennemi vient toucher voſtre eſpee en dedans pour l’aſſujetir, ou pour la tranſporter, il vous ſera tres-facile de luy reſiſter, à cauſe de l’accroiſſement de la force en dedans: mais en eſchange vous ſerez d’autant plus affoibli en dehors. Somme ceſte ſituation du pied eſtant direćtement contraire à la precedente, auſſi les effećts en ſont du tout contraires.
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|Another proof. Leave the right foot where it is, and turn the toes of the left foot inwards onto the  Extended Diameter, without moving the sword off the Direct Line. I tell you that by doing this, apart from the discomfort to the body that comes from the twisting of the limbs, if the Enemy tries to attack you from inside, he will have the advantage. For, just as the position of the feet weakens the sword, it also turns the whole body rightwards, to the outside.
+
|Another proof. Leave the right foot where it is, and turn the toes of the left foot inwards onto the  Extended Diameter, without moving the sword off the Direct Line. I tell you now that, by doing this, apart from the discomfort to the body that comes from the twisting of the limbs, if the Enemy tries to attack you from inside, he will have the advantage. For, just as the position of the feet weakens the sword, it also turns the whole body rightwards, to the outside.
  
 
|Autre preuve. Laiſſez le pied droit immobile, & tournez ſeulement les orteils du pied gauche en dedans ſur le Diametre prolongé, ſans ſortir l’eſpee de la droite ligne; je di qu’en ce faiſant, outre le mal-aiſe du corps, procedant du retorſement des membres; ſi l’Ennemi vous vient attaquer par dedans, il ye trouvera de l’avantage: d’autant que le dedans de l’eſpee eſt affoibli par la ſituation des pieds, eſtant le corps incliné de luy meſme à ſe tourner en dehors à la main droite.
 
|Autre preuve. Laiſſez le pied droit immobile, & tournez ſeulement les orteils du pied gauche en dedans ſur le Diametre prolongé, ſans ſortir l’eſpee de la droite ligne; je di qu’en ce faiſant, outre le mal-aiſe du corps, procedant du retorſement des membres; ſi l’Ennemi vous vient attaquer par dedans, il ye trouvera de l’avantage: d’autant que le dedans de l’eſpee eſt affoibli par la ſituation des pieds, eſtant le corps incliné de luy meſme à ſe tourner en dehors à la main droite.
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|We have described situations that are, admittedly, extreme. It would be unusual if someone placed their feet down in such a disorderly way that we have described. But that is not really the problem. Anyone who fully understands the greater possible faults will be able to understand as well the subtler ones, providing they can be shown through the same means. What we have done is to make obvious the difference in strengthening and weakening according to the position of the feet. As to the use of these proofs and even the precepts, it is completely obvious: the knowledge of how to attack the adversary’s sword on the side which will be weakest. Furthermore that the weak can not resist, and will be overcome by its opponent. The strong can modify all its actions with a little work, the weak is restricted to giving up chances to be hit in various ways, to anyone who knows the value of sensitivity, as shall be explained further in our Plates.  
+
|We have described situations that are, admittedly, extreme. It would be unusual if someone placed their feet down in such a disorderly way that we have described. But that is not really the problem. Anyone who fully understands the greater possible faults will be able to understand as well the subtler ones, providing they can be shown through the same means. What we have done is to make obvious the difference in strengthening and weakening according to the position of the feet. As to the use of these proofs and even the precepts, it is completely obvious: the knowledge of how to attack the adversary’s sword on the side which will be weakest. As much as the weak part of the blade can not resist, and will be overcome by its opponent, so the strong part can govern all its actions with a little work. The weak part of the blade is restricted, in sum, to exploiting opportunities to wound in various ways, by those with sufficient sensitivity. This shall be explained further in our Plates.
  
 
|Nous avons deſcrit ces examples aſſez extremes. car de vray il aviendra peu ſouvent, que quelquun plante ſes pieds ſi deſordonnement, comme nous venons de prepreſenter. mais il n’y a point de difficulté en cela; car qui entendra bien les fautes plus lourdes, il comprendra auſſi bien toſt les plus ſubtiles, moyennant qu’elles puiſſent eſtre deſcouvertes par les meſmes preuves: ce que nous en avons fait, c’à eſté afin que la difference du renforcement & de l’affoibliſſement en fuſt d’autant plus evidente. Quant à l’uſage de ces preuves & des preceptes meſmes, il eſt tout manifeſte: c’eſt aſſavoir, de monſtrer la maniere d’attaquer l’eſpee contraire par le coſté qui ſera plus foible. d’autant que le foible eſt incapable de reſiſter, & preſt à eſtre ſurmonté de ſon contraire. le fort peut moderer toutes ſes aćtions avec un peu de travail: le foible eſt contraint ſomme à donner occaſions de bleſſer en pluſieurs manieres, pour celuy qui cognoiſt la valeur du ſentiment: comme il ſera declaré en la ſuite de nos Tableaux.
 
|Nous avons deſcrit ces examples aſſez extremes. car de vray il aviendra peu ſouvent, que quelquun plante ſes pieds ſi deſordonnement, comme nous venons de prepreſenter. mais il n’y a point de difficulté en cela; car qui entendra bien les fautes plus lourdes, il comprendra auſſi bien toſt les plus ſubtiles, moyennant qu’elles puiſſent eſtre deſcouvertes par les meſmes preuves: ce que nous en avons fait, c’à eſté afin que la difference du renforcement & de l’affoibliſſement en fuſt d’autant plus evidente. Quant à l’uſage de ces preuves & des preceptes meſmes, il eſt tout manifeſte: c’eſt aſſavoir, de monſtrer la maniere d’attaquer l’eſpee contraire par le coſté qui ſera plus foible. d’autant que le foible eſt incapable de reſiſter, & preſt à eſtre ſurmonté de ſon contraire. le fort peut moderer toutes ſes aćtions avec un peu de travail: le foible eſt contraint ſomme à donner occaſions de bleſſer en pluſieurs manieres, pour celuy qui cognoiſt la valeur du ſentiment: comme il ſera declaré en la ſuite de nos Tableaux.
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|This is enough about the posture. Now let us speak briefly of the range, at which the two parties stand on the four Circles of this Plate. The distance is such that when they each present their swords in the Direct Line, they are both the same distance. This is the First Instance, the true start of the play, at which the two parties are at a proper distance, and totally propotioned to their bodies and weapons. Not too far, because they can hit the enemy in slow time, not too close because they have enough time to defend against an attack from their adversary. Those who ignore this range, who hold themselves further away than they should, who, if they wish to move in closer inevitably put themselves into danger before they can reach their intended distance. This is why in all the discussion about this exercise, knowledge of this range will be our guide, to reach the distances proportional to our intended actions. As such it will be like a turret from which we may discover the intended actions of our adversary. Of course it is understood that any actions of the sword must pass through this First Instance before they can reach the body. All of the thousands of sequences of moves, the ways in which the play can go, start, properly speaking, from this position. In the end, this is the compass which shows us, amid the tempestuous waves of this sea, the course we must take, to arrive at the port of Victory. But that is enough for the present, without engaging in further discussion. The properties of the First Instance, just like the Second and Third, cannot be listed in a menu, without listing at the same time the situations that bring us there, which are so many. And yet they must be found in the Plates which follow.
+
|This is enough about the posture. Now let us speak briefly of the range, at which the two parties stand on the four Circles of this Plate. The distance is such that when they each present their swords in the Direct Line, they are both the same distance. This is the First Instance, the true start of the play, at which the two parties are at a proper distance, and totally propotioned to their bodies and weapons. Not too far, because they can hit the enemy in slow time, not too close because they have enough time to defend against an attack from their adversary. Those who ignore this range, keep themselves further away than they should, where, if they wish to move in closer, inevitably put themselves into danger before they can reach their intended distance. This is why in all the discussion about this exercise, knowledge of this range will be our guide, to reach the distances proportional to our intended actions. As such it will be like a turret from which we may discover the intended actions of our adversary. Of course it is understood that any actions of the sword must pass through this First Instance before they can reach the body. All of the thousands of sequences of moves, the ways in which the play can go, start, properly speaking, from this position. In the end, this is the compass which shows us, amid the tempestuous waves of this sea, the course we must take, to arrive at the port of Victory. But that is enough for the present, without engaging in further discussion. The properties of the First Instance, just like the Second and Third, cannot be listed in a menu, without listing at the same time the situations that bring us there, which are so many. And yet they must be found in the Plates which follow.
  
 
|Or c’eſt aſſez dit de la poſture: parlons à cette heure & briefvement de la meſure, en quoy les parties ſe tiennent ſur les quatre Cercles de ce Tableau: qui eſt telle, que quand ils s’entrepreſentent leurs eſpees en lignes droites, elles viennent à ſe meſurer les unes les autres. C’eſt la Premiere Inſtance, vray commencement du jeu, tenant les parties en une diſtance juſte & totalement proportionnée aux corps & aux armes: non trop large; car on y peut toucher l’Ennemi en un temps mediocre; & not trop eſtroite; car en icelle on ſe peut aſſez defendre à temps de touts les aſſauts du Contraire. Ceux qui ignorent ceſte meſure, ſe tiennent plus eſloignez de ce qu’ils ne devroyent: ou, s’ils ſe veulent approcher d’avantage, ils ſe mettent en un danger inevitable, avant que d’arriver à la meſure pretendue. C’eſt pourquoy en tout le diſcours de ceſt exercice, la cognoiſſance de ceſte meſure nous ſervira de guide, pour arriver aux diſtances proportionnées à nos deſſeins: en ſorte qu’elle nous ſera comme une eſchaugette, de laquelle on deſcouvre toutes les entriprinſes contraires; attendu que toutes les operations de l’eſpee ſont contraintes de paſſer le paſſage de ceſte Premiere Inſtance, avant qu’elles puiſſent attenter ſur le corps. Toutes les aćtions, par leſquelles le jeu ſe peut diverſifier en mille & mille manieres, prennent icy, à proprement parler, leur origine. En fin c’eſt le compas, qui nous monſtre parmy les vagues impetueuſes de ceſte mer, la courſe, qu’on doit prendre, pour arriver au port de Vićtoire. Mais c’eſt aſſez pour le preſent, ſans entrer en ce diſcours plus avant; car les proprietez de la Premiere Inſtance, comme auſſi de la Seconde, & Troiſieme, ne ſe peuvent declarer par le menu, ſans declarer quand & quand les occaſions, qui nous y ameinent, leſquelles ſont en grand nombre: & partant les faudra chercher és Tables ſuivantes.
 
|Or c’eſt aſſez dit de la poſture: parlons à cette heure & briefvement de la meſure, en quoy les parties ſe tiennent ſur les quatre Cercles de ce Tableau: qui eſt telle, que quand ils s’entrepreſentent leurs eſpees en lignes droites, elles viennent à ſe meſurer les unes les autres. C’eſt la Premiere Inſtance, vray commencement du jeu, tenant les parties en une diſtance juſte & totalement proportionnée aux corps & aux armes: non trop large; car on y peut toucher l’Ennemi en un temps mediocre; & not trop eſtroite; car en icelle on ſe peut aſſez defendre à temps de touts les aſſauts du Contraire. Ceux qui ignorent ceſte meſure, ſe tiennent plus eſloignez de ce qu’ils ne devroyent: ou, s’ils ſe veulent approcher d’avantage, ils ſe mettent en un danger inevitable, avant que d’arriver à la meſure pretendue. C’eſt pourquoy en tout le diſcours de ceſt exercice, la cognoiſſance de ceſte meſure nous ſervira de guide, pour arriver aux diſtances proportionnées à nos deſſeins: en ſorte qu’elle nous ſera comme une eſchaugette, de laquelle on deſcouvre toutes les entriprinſes contraires; attendu que toutes les operations de l’eſpee ſont contraintes de paſſer le paſſage de ceſte Premiere Inſtance, avant qu’elles puiſſent attenter ſur le corps. Toutes les aćtions, par leſquelles le jeu ſe peut diverſifier en mille & mille manieres, prennent icy, à proprement parler, leur origine. En fin c’eſt le compas, qui nous monſtre parmy les vagues impetueuſes de ceſte mer, la courſe, qu’on doit prendre, pour arriver au port de Vićtoire. Mais c’eſt aſſez pour le preſent, ſans entrer en ce diſcours plus avant; car les proprietez de la Premiere Inſtance, comme auſſi de la Seconde, & Troiſieme, ne ſe peuvent declarer par le menu, ſans declarer quand & quand les occaſions, qui nous y ameinent, leſquelles ſont en grand nombre: & partant les faudra chercher és Tables ſuivantes.
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|Note that we are supposing that these two people are equal, and their weapons are likewise equal, and proportional to their bodies. In this way it is the bodies and swords which give the true distance of this First Instance. For if the weapons were unequal, it would change the Instance. If the Enemy has a longer sword than yours, watch out that the tip of his sword does not go past the crosspiece of your guard, so that there is always an arms-length between you and the tip, which is a reasonable distance, and large enough for you to defend yourself. If you were to move closer, to put your tip at his guard, he would have the advantage, because the length of the weapons favours him, such that at a wide distance he can hit, without risk of being hit back. This is why we must offset this advantage, as soon as he makes contact with his blade, to try to throw it off, or to control him, to get inside blade or to move in to a distance so close that he cannot overcome you, or manipulate his weapons as he needs to. If his sword is shorter than yours, or is not proportional to his body, you adopt the First Instance a bit closer, so that your tip is past his guard, making sure his tip does not pass yours, the reasons for this are self-evident. In sum, there is nothing more sure than to have properly proportioned weapons, because the ones too long or too short, if they are of some advantage in certain situations, they are also disadvantageous in others. Proportional weapons are, by contrast, equally useful at large or close range.
+
|Note that we are supposing that these two people are equal, and their weapons are likewise equal, and proportional to their bodies. In this way it is the bodies and swords which give the true distance of this First Instance. For if the weapons were unequal, it would change the Instance. If the Enemy has a longer sword than yours, watch out that the tip of his sword does not go past the crosspiece of your guard, so that there is always an arms-length between you and the tip, which is a reasonable distance, and large enough for you to defend yourself. If you were to move closer, to put your tip at his guard, he would have the advantage, because the length of the weapons favours him, such that at a wide distance he can hit, without risk of being hit back. This is why we must offset this advantage, as soon as he makes contact with his blade, to try to subjugate it, or to control him, to get inside angle of the blades or to move in to a distance so close that he cannot overcome you, or manipulate his weapons as he needs to. If his sword is shorter than yours, or is not proportional to his body, you adopt the First Instance a bit closer, so that your tip is past his guard, making sure his tip does not pass yours, the reasons for this are self-evident. In sum, there is nothing more sure than to have properly proportioned weapons, because the ones too long or too short, if they are of some advantage in certain situations, they are also disadvantageous in others. Proportional weapons are, by contrast, equally useful at large or close range.
  
 
|Notez, que nous preſuppoſons, que les perſonnages ſoyent egaux, & qu’ils ayent pareillement les armes egales, proportionnées à leurs corps; de maniere que ce ſont les corps & les eſpees, qui donnent la vraye meſure de ceſte Premiere Inſtance. Car les armes eſtants inegales, il faut changer l’Inſtance à l’advenant. Si l’Ennemi a l’eſpee plus longue, que la voſtre, gardez vous bien, que ſa poinćte ne paſſe outre les branches de voſtre garde, afin qu’i y demeure touſiours entre deux la meſure du bras entier, qui eſt une raiſonnable diſtance, & aſſez grande pour vous preparer à temps à la defenſe. Car ſi vous taſchez de vous avancer plus pres, pour mettre la voſtre tout joignant la ſienne garde, il aura de l’avantage, à raiſon de la longueur de ſes armes qui le favoriſe, tellement qu’en meſure large il peut donner des atteints, ſans qu’il ſe mette en hazard d’en recevoir. C’eſt pourquoy on luy doit oſter c’eſt avantage, dés auſſi toſt qu’il preſente ſa lame à toucher, en taſchant de l’aſſujettir, ou de l’obliger, pour entrer dedans ſes angles, ou pour venir en meſure eſtroite, en laquelle il ne s’en puiſſe prevaloir, ny manier ſi promtemēt ſes armes, comme il ſeroit de beſoin. Si ſon eſpee eſt plus courte, que la voſtre, ou que la proportion de ſon corps ne requiert, la voſtre ayant ſa juſte meſure, vous predrez la Premiere Inſtance un peu plus pres, en ſorte que voſtre poinćte pourra paſſer outre ſa garde, moyennant que la ſienne ne paſſe pas la voſtre; dont les raiſons ſont toutes evidentes. En ſomme il n’eſt rien plus certain que d’avoir les armes proportionnées. car les trop longues, & les trop courtes, ſi elles portent quelque avantage en d’aucuns endroits, elles ſont auſſi accompagnées de pareilles imperfećtions en contreſchange: les proportionnées ſont au contraire egalement utiles en la meſure large & en l’eſtroite.
 
|Notez, que nous preſuppoſons, que les perſonnages ſoyent egaux, & qu’ils ayent pareillement les armes egales, proportionnées à leurs corps; de maniere que ce ſont les corps & les eſpees, qui donnent la vraye meſure de ceſte Premiere Inſtance. Car les armes eſtants inegales, il faut changer l’Inſtance à l’advenant. Si l’Ennemi a l’eſpee plus longue, que la voſtre, gardez vous bien, que ſa poinćte ne paſſe outre les branches de voſtre garde, afin qu’i y demeure touſiours entre deux la meſure du bras entier, qui eſt une raiſonnable diſtance, & aſſez grande pour vous preparer à temps à la defenſe. Car ſi vous taſchez de vous avancer plus pres, pour mettre la voſtre tout joignant la ſienne garde, il aura de l’avantage, à raiſon de la longueur de ſes armes qui le favoriſe, tellement qu’en meſure large il peut donner des atteints, ſans qu’il ſe mette en hazard d’en recevoir. C’eſt pourquoy on luy doit oſter c’eſt avantage, dés auſſi toſt qu’il preſente ſa lame à toucher, en taſchant de l’aſſujettir, ou de l’obliger, pour entrer dedans ſes angles, ou pour venir en meſure eſtroite, en laquelle il ne s’en puiſſe prevaloir, ny manier ſi promtemēt ſes armes, comme il ſeroit de beſoin. Si ſon eſpee eſt plus courte, que la voſtre, ou que la proportion de ſon corps ne requiert, la voſtre ayant ſa juſte meſure, vous predrez la Premiere Inſtance un peu plus pres, en ſorte que voſtre poinćte pourra paſſer outre ſa garde, moyennant que la ſienne ne paſſe pas la voſtre; dont les raiſons ſont toutes evidentes. En ſomme il n’eſt rien plus certain que d’avoir les armes proportionnées. car les trop longues, & les trop courtes, ſi elles portent quelque avantage en d’aucuns endroits, elles ſont auſſi accompagnées de pareilles imperfećtions en contreſchange: les proportionnées ſont au contraire egalement utiles en la meſure large & en l’eſtroite.
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|Our intention is to examine the advantages of the Direct Line, adopted carefully at the First Instance, and in the form shown in the foreground of the preceeding Plate, and on which all subsequent actions depend. But seeing how fighters most frequently begin to work with feints as soon as they come into range, to try and draw the opponent’s sword a little out of the way before striking with their thrusts, it seems necessary for your satisfaction, and to clarify the Plate, to have here a short discourse on feints, first, before entering into the particular explanations of the examples, that will be presented. Therefore we posit that Alexander, arrived into position first, right foot along the outside edge of the Quadrangle on the line A-C, and the other on the Pedal Line. Zachary has approached, and is at the First Instance on the other side of the Circle, likewise in the Direct Line posture, on the right side of the Quadrangle and left foot on the usual line, putting his sword above the other, and working with feints inside and outside, sometimes with the foot firmly on the ground, somtimes, and more often, with the foot slightly raised off the ground. Never staying exactly at the First Instance, at other times starting from further back or closer, according to his whim. In sum, he is making such a large number and variety of feints that it is impossible for Alexander to work against him if he cannot distinguish exactly how close each of these will reach. Because the forward movement of the foot and the body, that happens with each move, can be defined in four degrees, from which we derive four types of feints, which are necessary to recognize, to be able to defend against them. The instructions for how to do this are below, and without which, there is no other remedy against these subtle feints, other than a lucky strike, and to open yourself to the enemy, in the hope of hitting him in return, or to break away as a coward, to get away from his strikes.
+
|Our intention is to examine the advantages of the Direct Line, adopted carefully at the First Instance, and in the form shown in the foreground of the preceeding Plate, and on which all subsequent actions depend. But seeing how fighters most frequently begin to work with feints as soon as they come into range, to try and draw the opponent’s sword a little out of the way before striking with their thrusts, it seems necessary for your satisfaction, and to clarify the Plate, to have here a short discourse on feints, first, before entering into the particular explanations of the examples, that will be presented. Therefore we posit that Alexander, arrived into position first, right foot along the outside edge of the A-C Quadrangle, and the other on the Pedal Line. Zachary has approached, and is at the First Instance on the other side of the Circle, likewise in the Direct Line posture, on the right side of the Quadrangle and left foot on the usual line, putting his sword above the other, and working with feints inside and outside, sometimes with the foot firmly on the ground, somtimes, and more often, with the foot slightly raised off the ground. Never staying exactly at the First Instance, at other times starting from further back or closer, according to his whim. In sum, he is making such a large number and variety of feints that it is impossible for Alexander to work against him if he cannot distinguish exactly how close each of these will reach. Because the forward movement of the foot and the body, that happens with each move, can be defined in four degrees, from which we derive four types of feints, which are necessary to recognize, to be able to defend against them. The instructions for how to do this are below, and without which, there is no other remedy against these subtle feints, other than a lucky strike, and to open yourself to the enemy, in the hope of hitting him as well, or to break away as a coward, to get away from his strikes.
  
 
|Noſtre intention eſt d’examiner les avantages de la droite ligne, preſentée à la Permiere Inſtance avec jugement, & en la forme, qui eſt monſtée au premier plan du Tableau precedent: du quel auſsi toutes ces operations ſuivantes dependent. Mais voyant que les tireurs d’Armes commencent le plus ſouvent à travailler avec les feintes, ſi toſt qu’ils viennent à meſure, pour faire ſortir l’eſpee contraire un peu de preſence, avant que tirer leurs eſtocades; il nous ſemble neceſſaire pour voſtre plus grand ſatisfaćtion, & pour l’eſclairciſſement du Tableau, de mettre icy un petit diſcours touchant les feintes, premier que d’entrer en la declaration particuliere des exemples, qui ſont icy propoſez. Dont nous preſuppoſerons, qu’Alexandre s’eſtant mis le premier en poſture, le pied droit ſur le coſté exterieure du Quadrangle AC, & l’autre ſur la ligne Pedale; Zacharie l’eſt venu aborder, en ſe mettant à la Premier Inſtance à l’autre bout du Cercle, en pareille poſture de la ligne droite, ſur le coſté droit du Quadrangle & ſur la ligne ordinaire du pied gauche, portant l’eſpee deſſous l’autre, & pourſuivant à travailler avec feintes par dehors, & par dedans, tantoſt à pied ferme, tantoſt, & le plus ſouvent, avec le pied droit un peu levé; aucunesfois demeurant exaćtement ſur la Premiere Inſtance, autresfois commençant de plus loing ou de plus pres, ſelon qu’il luy vient à gré. Somme il fait un ſi grande varieté de feintes, qu’il eſt impoſsible à Alexandre de bien travailler alencontre, s’il ne diſtingue exaćtement la meſure de l’approchement de chaſquune d’icelles. Car l’advancement du pied & du corps, qui les accompagne, peut eſtre distingué en quatre degréz; dont procedent quatre eſpeces de feintes, qui ſont neceſſaires à cognoiſtre, pour ſe fortifier deuement alencontre, ſelon les inſtrućtions qui s’enſuivent, & ſans leſquelles, il n’y à autre remede contre les feintes ſubtiles, que le ſeul hazard de tirer, & de donner ſur l’ennemi à corps perdu, en eſpoir de luy rendre ſon change, ou de rompre touſiours en covard la meſure, pour eſchapper tant ſeulement les coups.
 
|Noſtre intention eſt d’examiner les avantages de la droite ligne, preſentée à la Permiere Inſtance avec jugement, & en la forme, qui eſt monſtée au premier plan du Tableau precedent: du quel auſsi toutes ces operations ſuivantes dependent. Mais voyant que les tireurs d’Armes commencent le plus ſouvent à travailler avec les feintes, ſi toſt qu’ils viennent à meſure, pour faire ſortir l’eſpee contraire un peu de preſence, avant que tirer leurs eſtocades; il nous ſemble neceſſaire pour voſtre plus grand ſatisfaćtion, & pour l’eſclairciſſement du Tableau, de mettre icy un petit diſcours touchant les feintes, premier que d’entrer en la declaration particuliere des exemples, qui ſont icy propoſez. Dont nous preſuppoſerons, qu’Alexandre s’eſtant mis le premier en poſture, le pied droit ſur le coſté exterieure du Quadrangle AC, & l’autre ſur la ligne Pedale; Zacharie l’eſt venu aborder, en ſe mettant à la Premier Inſtance à l’autre bout du Cercle, en pareille poſture de la ligne droite, ſur le coſté droit du Quadrangle & ſur la ligne ordinaire du pied gauche, portant l’eſpee deſſous l’autre, & pourſuivant à travailler avec feintes par dehors, & par dedans, tantoſt à pied ferme, tantoſt, & le plus ſouvent, avec le pied droit un peu levé; aucunesfois demeurant exaćtement ſur la Premiere Inſtance, autresfois commençant de plus loing ou de plus pres, ſelon qu’il luy vient à gré. Somme il fait un ſi grande varieté de feintes, qu’il eſt impoſsible à Alexandre de bien travailler alencontre, s’il ne diſtingue exaćtement la meſure de l’approchement de chaſquune d’icelles. Car l’advancement du pied & du corps, qui les accompagne, peut eſtre distingué en quatre degréz; dont procedent quatre eſpeces de feintes, qui ſont neceſſaires à cognoiſtre, pour ſe fortifier deuement alencontre, ſelon les inſtrućtions qui s’enſuivent, & ſans leſquelles, il n’y à autre remede contre les feintes ſubtiles, que le ſeul hazard de tirer, & de donner ſur l’ennemi à corps perdu, en eſpoir de luy rendre ſon change, ou de rompre touſiours en covard la meſure, pour eſchapper tant ſeulement les coups.
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|The second type is when he begins to lean his body forward, enough so that, doing his feint to the outside, or inside, the tip can just reach his enemy’s hand. The counter is to arouse both the arm and sword-hand at the same time, straightening the body, and lightly lift the heel of the right foot, so that it is ready to work according to circumstances,and raising the tip of the sword upwards towards the side of the feint, above the adversary’s sword, to be able to cover it from a superior position.
+
|The second type is when he begins to lean his body forward, enough so that, doing his feint to the outside, or inside, the tip can just reach his enemy’s hand. The counter is to tense both the arm and sword-hand at the same time, straightening the body, and lightly lift the heel of the right foot, so that it is ready to work according to circumstances,and raising the tip of the sword upwards towards the side of the feint, above the adversary’s sword, to be able to cover it from a superior position.
  
 
|La ſeconde eſpece, c’eſt quand il commence à pancher du corps en avant, ſi bien qu’en faiſant la feinte en dehors, ou en dedans, la pointe puiſſe arriver juſqu’à l’endroit du poignet de la main de l’ennemy. Le contraire, c’est d’aviver au meſme temps le bras & la main de l’eſpee, roidiſſant le corps, & eſlevant le talon du pied droit, afin qu’il ſoit preſt à travailler ſelon les occurrances, & eſlevant enſemblement la poinćte de l’eſpee en haut du coſté de la feinte, par deſſus l’eſpee contraire, pour la couvrir avec un peu de ſuperiorité.
 
|La ſeconde eſpece, c’eſt quand il commence à pancher du corps en avant, ſi bien qu’en faiſant la feinte en dehors, ou en dedans, la pointe puiſſe arriver juſqu’à l’endroit du poignet de la main de l’ennemy. Le contraire, c’est d’aviver au meſme temps le bras & la main de l’eſpee, roidiſſant le corps, & eſlevant le talon du pied droit, afin qu’il ſoit preſt à travailler ſelon les occurrances, & eſlevant enſemblement la poinćte de l’eſpee en haut du coſté de la feinte, par deſſus l’eſpee contraire, pour la couvrir avec un peu de ſuperiorité.
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|These are the notifications that we felt necessary to give you concerning feints and their counters. These will be very userful to Scholars who have achieved some skill, but can be safely ignored by Novices, who will have enough to do learning to control their swords, arms, hands, & legs, without concerning themselves with such subtle observations. They can be content, for the present, to learn of them as part of the Theory, yet still fully practising the examples from this Plate without going into too many circumstances, in order to simply learn thrusts, & counters, which shall be explained with their descriptions, rather than trying to skillfully learn each remedy for each type of feint. Because one cannot fly without wings.
+
|These are the cautions that we felt necessary to give you concerning feints and their counters. These will be very useful to Scholars who have achieved some skill, but can be safely ignored by Novices, who will have enough to do learning to control their swords, arms, hands, & legs, without concerning themselves with such subtle observations. They can be content, for the present, to know they exist as part of the Theory, yet still practise the examples from this Plate simply, without going into too many variations, in order to learn basic thrusts & counters, which shall be explained with their descriptions, rather than trying to acquire and refine skills for every possible response against each type of feint. Because one cannot fly without wings.
  
 
|Voilà les advertiſſements, que nous  avons jugez neceſſaires de vous propoſer touchant les feintes, & leurs contraires: qui ſeront de tres-grande utilité pour les Eſcholiers qui auront fait quelque advancement notable; mais on s’en pourra paſſer pour le regard des Novices, qui auront aſſes à faire à bien gouverner leurs eſpees, mains, bras, & jambes, ſans qu’ils s’embarques en des obſervations ſi ſubtiles. Qu’ils ſe contentent pour le preſent de les recevoir ſeulement,par maniere the Theorie, en pratiquant les exemples de ce Tableau plus groſsierement, ſans beaucoup de circonſtances, pour y apprendre ſimplement les eſtocades, & les rencontres, qui ſeront expliquées en leurs deſcriptions; pluſtoſt que d’approprier artiſtement chaſque remede à chaſque eſpece de feintes. Car auſsi bien ne peut on voler ſans aiſles.
 
|Voilà les advertiſſements, que nous  avons jugez neceſſaires de vous propoſer touchant les feintes, & leurs contraires: qui ſeront de tres-grande utilité pour les Eſcholiers qui auront fait quelque advancement notable; mais on s’en pourra paſſer pour le regard des Novices, qui auront aſſes à faire à bien gouverner leurs eſpees, mains, bras, & jambes, ſans qu’ils s’embarques en des obſervations ſi ſubtiles. Qu’ils ſe contentent pour le preſent de les recevoir ſeulement,par maniere the Theorie, en pratiquant les exemples de ce Tableau plus groſsierement, ſans beaucoup de circonſtances, pour y apprendre ſimplement les eſtocades, & les rencontres, qui ſeront expliquées en leurs deſcriptions; pluſtoſt que d’approprier artiſtement chaſque remede à chaſque eſpece de feintes. Car auſsi bien ne peut on voler ſans aiſles.
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|'''Circle No 1'''
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|'''Circle No 1.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.1.'''
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|Alexander assumes the Direct Line posture and waits there. Zachary threatens him with a feint of the third type outside the arm by lifting his foot, and moving his body and arm forward, until the tip of his sword is about mid-way to Alexander’s elbow as if Zachary were going to thrust at him in the face. He hopes to make him parry the attack, and consequently have Alexander move his sword out to the side. All at once, he passes his sword beneath his adversary’s guard, continuing to move his body forward putting the right foot on the ground at R. As he leans his body further forward, he brings the sword back up, drawing his left foot, that is lagging behind, up to the same distance behind his right foot, while at the same time aiming his thrust inside the right arm straight at his opponent’s face, carrying his arm and sword along the direct line. Alexander’s defence consists of working against the feint, and against the thrust. Against the feint, using only his wrist, he turns the outside branch of the crosspiece diagonally upwards, moving the end to the side of the feint to cross and cover a good bit of his opponent’s blade with his own, without touching it, and without moving off the line, not to the right, nor to the left, not with the arm, nor with the sword. That is the counter to the feint. If Zachary had continued to move his tip with the feint to hit on the same side, this preparation would have been the correct way to break the hit outside the arm, as it is also, at present, the correct way to begin to counter the thrust to the inside. Then, as Zachary passes his sword under his opponent’s guard, to hit on the opposite side from where he made his feint, Alexander, as soon as he percieves the first hint of a change, becomes alert, and comes on guard, straightening the arm and the knees, so well that at the instant the tip of his opponent’s sword is near he elbow, he meets the 3rd or 4th Span of his opponent’s blade with the centre of his own guard, and catches it, and locks it between the blade and the inside branch of his crosspiece as he turns it horizontally, while at the same time stepping with his right foot and moving his body forward, with his arm and sword, the point of contact progressing up his opponent’s sword, so in this way he closes off the straight line letting the tip of his opponent’s sword pass across his chest, as he wounds the enemy in the face. He finally puts his right foot down just along the Diameter between the letters C and E, and draws his left foot behind until he is again erect on his feet in profile and in a perpendicular line. In this way, he increases the force of his thrust so much that he pierces through his opponent’s head.
+
|Alexander holds himself in the Direct Line posture. Zachary threatens him with a feint of the third type to the outside of his arm by lifting his foot, and moving his body and arm forward, until the tip of his sword is about mid-way to Alexander’s elbow as if Zachary were going to thrust at him in the face. He hopes to make him parry the attack, and consequently have Alexander move his sword out to the side. Then, all at once, he passes his sword back beneath his adversary’s guard, continuing to move his body forward putting the right foot on the ground at R. As he leans his body further forward, he brings the sword back up, drawing his left foot, which is lagging behind, up to the same distance behind his right foot, while at the same time aiming his thrust to the inside of the right arm, straight at his opponent’s face, carrying his arm and sword along the direct line. Alexander’s defence consists of working against the feint, and then against the thrust. Against the feint, using only his wrist, he turns the outside branch of the crosspiece diagonally upwards, moving his sword-tip to the side of the feint to cross over and cover a good bit of his opponent’s blade with his own, without touching it, and without moving off the line, not to the right, nor to the left, not with the arm, nor with the sword. That is the counter to the feint. If Zachary had continued to move his tip from the feint to hit on the same side, this preparation would have been the correct way to break the strike outside the arm, as it is also, at present, the correct way to begin to counter the thrust to the inside. Then, as Zachary passes his sword under his opponent’s guard, to hit on the opposite side from where he made his feint, Alexander, as soon as he percieves the first hint of a change, becomes alert, and comes on guard, straightening the arm and the knees, so well that at the instant the tip of his opponent’s sword is near he elbow, he meets the 3rd or 4th Span of his opponent’s blade with the centre of his own guard, and catches it, and locks it between the blade and the inside branch of his crosspiece as he turns it horizontally, while at the same time stepping with his right foot and moving his body forward, with his arm and sword, the point of contact progressing up his opponent’s sword, so in this way he closes off the straight line letting the tip of his opponent’s sword pass across his chest, as he wounds the enemy in the face. He finally puts his right foot down just along the Diameter between the letters C and E, and draws his left foot behind until he is again erect on his feet in profile and in a perpendicular line. In this way, he increases the force of his thrust so much that he pierces through his opponent’s head.
  
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe tenant en la poſture de la droite ligne, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient menacer d’une feinte a la troiſieme eſpece en dehors du bras en eſlevant le pied droit, & avançant le corps & le bras de l’eſpee, juſqu’à porter ſa pointe environ le milieu du coude contraire quaſi comme s’il luy vouloit tirer une eſtocade an viſage; ſous eſpoir de l’obliger à parer le coup, & conſequēment à eſcarter l’eſpee. Puis tout à l’inſtant il la repaſſe par deſſous la garde contraire, en continuant l’advancement du corps, avec le pied droit: lequel poſant à terre ſur le diametre à la lettre R. avec quelque augmentation du panchement du corps, il remonte l’eſpee en haut, laiſſant ſuivre & trainer le pied gauche proportionellemēt derriere l’autre, en tirant & dreſſant au meſme temps ſon eſtocade en dedans du bras droite au viſage de ſa partie, portant le bras & eſpee eſtendues en ligne droite. La defenſe d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> conſiſte à travailler contre le feinte, & contre l’eſtocade. Contre le feinte, en tournant du ſeul poignet de la main la branche exterieure de ſa garde diagonalement en haut, en montant la pointe du coſté de la feinte pour croiſer & convrir un bien peu la lame de ſon contraire de la ſienne ſans la toucher, & ſans forligner ny à droite, ny à gauche, ny du bras, ny de l’eſpee. Voilà le contraire de la feinte. Si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie euſt continué d’avancer ſa pointe avec la feinte pour le toucher du meſme coſté, ceſte preparation euſt eſté le vray moyen de luy rompre le coup en dehors du bras, comme elle eſt à preſent le vray commencement de rencontrer l’eſtocade tiree en dedans. Puis donc que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> repaſſe l’eſpee par deſſoubs la garde de ſon contraire, pour frapper à l’oppoſite du lieu, ou il avoit dreſſé ſa feinte, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, dés auſſi toſt qu’il apperçoit le premier trait du changement, ſe reſveille, & ſe met ſur ſes gardes, en roidiſſant le bras & les genoux, ſi bien qu’à l’inſtant que la pointe de l’eſpee de ſa partie luy vient à l’endroit du coude, il la reçoit au Nombre 3, ou 4, avec le centre, qui eſt la garde de la ſienne, & la prend & enſerre, entre ſa lame & ſa branche interieure tournée horizontalement, en avançant au meſme temps le pied droit & le corps enſemble, avec le bras & l’eſpee, en graduant l’eſpee contraire & par ce moyen il ferme la droite ligne en laiſſant eſcouler la pointe de ſon contraire à vuide par devant ſa poitrine, bleſſant l’Ennemy au viſage, & abaiſſant finalement le pied droit à terre par delà le Diametre entre les lettres CE, & laiſſant trainer le pied gauche derriere, juſqu’à ce qu’il revienne droit ſur ſes pieds en pourfil, & en ligne perpendiculaire: il accroiſt par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de ſon eſtocade, qu’il le perce au travers la teſte.
+
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe tenant en la poſture de la droite ligne, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient menacer d’une feinte de la troiſieme eſpece en dehors du bras en eſlevant le pied droit, & avançant le corps & le bras de l’eſpee, juſqu’à porter ſa pointe environ le milieu du coude contraire quaſi comme s’il luy vouloit tirer une eſtocade an viſage; ſous eſpoir de l’obliger à parer le coup, & conſequēment à eſcarter l’eſpee. Puis tout à l’inſtant il la repaſſe par deſſous la garde contraire, en continuant l’advancement du corps, avec le pied droit: lequel poſant à terre ſur le diametre à la lettre R. avec quelque augmentation du panchement du corps, il remonte l’eſpee en haut, laiſſant ſuivre & trainer le pied gauche proportionellemēt derriere l’autre, en tirant & dreſſant au meſme temps ſon eſtocade en dedans du bras droite au viſage de ſa partie, portant le bras & eſpee eſtendues en ligne droite. La defenſe d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> conſiſte à travailler contre le feinte, & contre l’eſtocade. Contre le feinte, en tournant du ſeul poignet de la main la branche exterieure de ſa garde diagonalement en haut, en montant la pointe du coſté de la feinte pour croiſer & convrir un bien peu la lame de ſon contraire de la ſienne ſans la toucher, & ſans forligner ny à droite, ny à gauche, ny du bras, ny de l’eſpee. Voilà le contraire de la feinte. Si <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie euſt continué d’avancer ſa pointe avec la feinte pour le toucher du meſme coſté, ceſte preparation euſt eſté le vray moyen de luy rompre le coup en dehors du bras, comme elle eſt à preſent le vray commencement de rencontrer l’eſtocade tiree en dedans. Puis donc que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> repaſſe l’eſpee par deſſoubs la garde de ſon contraire, pour frapper à l’oppoſite du lieu, ou il avoit dreſſé ſa feinte, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font>, dés auſſi toſt qu’il apperçoit le premier trait du changement, ſe reſveille, & ſe met ſur ſes gardes, en roidiſſant le bras & les genoux, ſi bien qu’à l’inſtant que la pointe de l’eſpee de ſa partie luy vient à l’endroit du coude, il la reçoit au Nombre 3, ou 4, avec le centre, qui eſt la garde de la ſienne, & la prend & enſerre, entre ſa lame & ſa branche interieure tournée horizontalement, en avançant au meſme temps le pied droit & le corps enſemble, avec le bras & l’eſpee, en graduant l’eſpee contraire & par ce moyen il ferme la droite ligne en laiſſant eſcouler la pointe de ſon contraire à vuide par devant ſa poitrine, bleſſant l’Ennemy au viſage, & abaiſſant finalement le pied droit à terre par delà le Diametre entre les lettres CE, & laiſſant trainer le pied gauche derriere, juſqu’à ce qu’il revienne droit ſur ſes pieds en pourfil, & en ligne perpendiculaire: il accroiſt par ce moyen tellement la vigueur de ſon eſtocade, qu’il le perce au travers la teſte.
  
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 2'''
+
|'''Circle No 2.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.2.'''
Line 3,124: Line 3,128:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This precept is very far from common practice, which says that after striking, one should immediately retire out of range. I shall show you here, that you should follow the tip forward until you are absolute Lord and Master of your enemy. Do not run, nor jump backwards, which would be nothing other than inviting a riposte. It is far better to move in so far as to make his weapons useless. I know well, that those who are used to the old mode will not take up this method, and will hold it as being too dangerous. But this is because they themselves do not understand that one must secure the opponent’s sword before hitting them. And they think that we shall try everything we can to adapt to their mode, extending our strikes, leaving swords free, or trying to move them off line by way of feints. Things we we are careful not to do. Because such thrusts happen only by chance, and it would appear they fail as often as they succeed. Even when everything goes as hoped for, they cannot succeed, they negate whatever advantage they had, even without having some manifestly obvious danger, and is nearly as dangerous for the person dominating as it is for his opponent. Their own practice speaks for itself, where one can see they are ordinarily more at pains to withdraw with haste out of range, than they are of making sure of their hits. See how they withdraw most often, before even finding out if they are well or poorly placed. Which is, in effect, nothing more than taking lucky shots, with no superiority, nor any advantage. It follows then, that they wave their swords freely about, and the one who hits always needs to take two timings, one to move in, the other to get back out of range. We also see how frequently the wound each other which is an infallable argument that luck dominates, and they themselves know the imperfections of  their system, because they do not know how to attack artfully with their sword.
+
|This precept is very far from common practice, which instructs that after striking one should immediately retire out of range. I shall show you here, that you should follow the tip forward until you are absolute Lord and Master of your enemy. Do not run, nor jump backwards, which would be nothing other than inviting a riposte. It is far better to move in so far as to make his weapons useless. I know well, that those who are used to the old mode will not take up this method, and will hold it as being too dangerous. But this is because they themselves do not understand that one must secure the opponent’s sword before hitting them. And they think that we shall try everything we can to adopt their mode, extending our strikes, leaving swords free, or trying to move them off line by way of feints. Things we we are careful not to do. Because such thrusts are unplanned and chancy, and it would appear they fail as often as they succeed. Even when everything goes as hoped for, if they can, they would yet deny that whatever advantage they had was accompanied by some manifestly obvious danger, and is nearly as dangerous for the person who came out on top as it is for his opponent. Their own practice speaks for itself, where one can see they are ordinarily more at pains to withdraw with haste out of range, than they are of making sure of their hits. See how they withdraw most often, before even finding out if they are well or poorly placed. Which is, in effect, nothing more than taking lucky shots, with no superiority, nor any advantage. It follows then, that they wave their swords freely about, and the one who hits always needs to take two moments, one to move in, the other to get back out of range. We also see how frequently they wound each other which is an infallable argument that luck dominates, and they themselves know the imperfections of  their system, because they do not know how to attack artfully with their sword.
  
 
|Ce precept eſt grandement eſloigné de la Pratique vulgaire, qui commande, qu’on ſe retire tout à l’inſtant hors de meſure, apres qu’on à donné l’atteinte. Icy vous monſtre, qu’il faut pourſuivre la pointe, juſqu’à ſe rendre tout à fait Maiſtre & Seigneur abſolu de l’Ennemy, non pas fuir ny ſauter en arriere, qui ne ſeroit autre choſe, que de le provoquer à la riposte, il vaut pluſtoſt mieux entrer ſi en avant qu’on luy rende les armes inutiles. Ie ſçay bien, que ceux qui ſont accouſtumez à la veille mode ne laiſſeront pas de reprendre ceſte maniere & de la tenir pour trop dangereuſe: mais c’eſt pource qu’ils n’entendent pas eux meſmes, comme on ſe doit aſſeurer de l’eſpee contraire, avant que de porter l’atteinte: & qu’ils penſent que nous nous efforçions à leur mode allongeant nos bottes, en laiſſant les eſpees libres, ou en taſchāt de les faire ſortir de preſence par le moyen de quelques feintes. Ce que nous n’avons guarde de faire. Car telles eſtocades ſont tirées à l’adventure, & y à tout autant d’apparence quelle reuſſiront mal que bien; au fort quand tout eſt allé à ſouhait, ſi ne peuvent, ils nier encores, que l’avantage qu’ils ont eu, n’ait eſté accompangé de quelque danger manifeſte, & à peu pres autant hazardeux pour celuy qui a eu le deſſus, que pour ſon cōtraire. I’en pren à teſmoin la pratique meſme de leurs exercises, ou on le voit, qu’ils ſont ordinairement plus en peine, pour ſe retirer à la haſte hors de Meſure, qu’ils ne ſont aſſeurez à porter les atteintes, voire qu’ils ſe retirent le plus ſouvent, premier que de ſçavoir, s’ils ont bien ou mal addreſſé. Ce qui n’eſt en effet autre choſe, que de tirer ſes coups à l’adventure, ſans nulle ſuperiorite, ny advantage; procedant de ce qu’ils ont les eſpees de part & d’autre egallement libres; & que celuy qui porte la botte à touſiours beſoing de deux temps aſſez remarquables, le premier pour tirer, & le ſecond pour ſortir de preſence. Auſſi voit on, qu’ils s’entrebleſſent ordinairement les uns les autres, qui eſt un argument infallible, que la fortune y domine; & qu’ils recognoiſſe biē eux meſmes l’imperfećtion, & le danger de leur Pratique, par ce quils ne ſçavent  que c’eſt d’attaquer artiſtement une eſpee.
 
|Ce precept eſt grandement eſloigné de la Pratique vulgaire, qui commande, qu’on ſe retire tout à l’inſtant hors de meſure, apres qu’on à donné l’atteinte. Icy vous monſtre, qu’il faut pourſuivre la pointe, juſqu’à ſe rendre tout à fait Maiſtre & Seigneur abſolu de l’Ennemy, non pas fuir ny ſauter en arriere, qui ne ſeroit autre choſe, que de le provoquer à la riposte, il vaut pluſtoſt mieux entrer ſi en avant qu’on luy rende les armes inutiles. Ie ſçay bien, que ceux qui ſont accouſtumez à la veille mode ne laiſſeront pas de reprendre ceſte maniere & de la tenir pour trop dangereuſe: mais c’eſt pource qu’ils n’entendent pas eux meſmes, comme on ſe doit aſſeurer de l’eſpee contraire, avant que de porter l’atteinte: & qu’ils penſent que nous nous efforçions à leur mode allongeant nos bottes, en laiſſant les eſpees libres, ou en taſchāt de les faire ſortir de preſence par le moyen de quelques feintes. Ce que nous n’avons guarde de faire. Car telles eſtocades ſont tirées à l’adventure, & y à tout autant d’apparence quelle reuſſiront mal que bien; au fort quand tout eſt allé à ſouhait, ſi ne peuvent, ils nier encores, que l’avantage qu’ils ont eu, n’ait eſté accompangé de quelque danger manifeſte, & à peu pres autant hazardeux pour celuy qui a eu le deſſus, que pour ſon cōtraire. I’en pren à teſmoin la pratique meſme de leurs exercises, ou on le voit, qu’ils ſont ordinairement plus en peine, pour ſe retirer à la haſte hors de Meſure, qu’ils ne ſont aſſeurez à porter les atteintes, voire qu’ils ſe retirent le plus ſouvent, premier que de ſçavoir, s’ils ont bien ou mal addreſſé. Ce qui n’eſt en effet autre choſe, que de tirer ſes coups à l’adventure, ſans nulle ſuperiorite, ny advantage; procedant de ce qu’ils ont les eſpees de part & d’autre egallement libres; & que celuy qui porte la botte à touſiours beſoing de deux temps aſſez remarquables, le premier pour tirer, & le ſecond pour ſortir de preſence. Auſſi voit on, qu’ils s’entrebleſſent ordinairement les uns les autres, qui eſt un argument infallible, que la fortune y domine; & qu’ils recognoiſſe biē eux meſmes l’imperfećtion, & le danger de leur Pratique, par ce quils ne ſçavent  que c’eſt d’attaquer artiſtement une eſpee.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 3'''
+
|'''Circle No 3.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.3.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander waits in the same position as in Circle No 1. Zachary comes at him in the old style  with a feint, either high or low, taken from a rigid arm to the outside, at the instant he arrives at the circumference of the Circle. Then, moving his left foot closer, he raises his other foot, he begins a circular disengage, which he continues to do while moving his body forward, so that at the same instant he puts his right foot on the ground at the letter R, he thrusts with all his strength at his adversary’s face. Alexander seeing that the feint does not go past the crosspiece of his guard, does not move at all, until Zachary moves forward a little, and begins to bend at the waist with his right foot raised. Then he gets ready, tensing his body, his feet, his hand, and the sword, in the way described, above, against the third type of feint. So that when the enemy enters, and aims the tip of his sword towards his face on the inside line, as the tip comes near his elbow, he catches the sword with the inside branch of his crosspiece at about the 4th or 5th Span, and progresses up the blade by moving his body forward. He hits Zachary in the face with a straight thrust, putting his foot down further along the Diameter between the letters E and H, continuing to move towards him, and bending his knee to increase the power of his strike, as described above.
+
|Alexander waits in the same position as in Circle No 1. Zachary comes at him in the old style  with a feint, either high or low, made with a straight arm to the outside, at the instant he arrives at the circumference of the Circle. Then, moving his left foot closer, he raises his other foot, he begins a circular disengage, which he continues to do while moving his body forward, so that at the same instant he puts his right foot on the ground at the letter R, he thrusts with all his strength at his adversary’s face. Alexander seeing that the feint does not go past the crosspiece of his guard, does not move at all, until Zachary moves forward a little, and begins to bend at the waist with his right foot raised. Then he gets ready, tensing his body, his feet, his hand, and the sword, in the way described, above, against the third type of feint. So that when the enemy enters in, and aims the tip of his sword towards his face on the inside line, as the point reaches the level of his elbow, he catches the sword with the inside branch of his crosspiece at about the 4th or 5th Span, and moves the point of contact up the blade by moving his body forward. He hits Zachary in the face with a straight thrust, putting his foot down further along the Diameter between the letters E and H, continuing to move towards him, and bending his knee to increase the power of his strike, as described above.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe tenant tout de meſme, qu’au Cercle N.1; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient aborder  à la mode ancienne avec une feinte, haute, ou baſſe, tiree d’un bras roide par dehors l’eſpee, à l’inſtant qu’il arrive à la Circonference du Cercle: puis en approchant le pied gauche, & eſlevant l’autre, il commence à faire la cavation; laquelle il continue durant l’avancement du corps, ſi bien qu’au meſme inſtant qu’il met le pied en terre ſur le Diametre à la lettre R, il tire de toute ſa force une eſtocade vers le viſage de ſon Contraire. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant, que la feinte ne paſſe point la branche de ſa garde, ne ſe bouge nullement, juſqu’à tant que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie s’avance un peu d’avantage, & commence à faire la cavation avec le pied droit eſlevé. Car lors il ſe prepare, s’avivant le corps, le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee, en la façon, qui eſt deſcrite en la troiſieme eſpece des feintes; de ſorte que l’ennemi entrant, & dreſſant la pointe de l’eſpee vers ſon viſage en dedans le bras, à l’inſtant qu’elle vient à l’endroit de ſon coude, il la reçoit de la branche interieure de ſa garde au Nombre 4. ou 5. & en la graduant avec un avancement du corps, il luy donne le coup en droite ligne au viſage, abaiſſant le pied un peu au delà le Diametre entre les lettres EH. continuant  à charger le corps ſur iceluy, en pliant le genouil, pour augmenter la vigueur de l’eſtocade, en la maniere & pour les conſiderations declarées cy deſſus.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe tenant tout de meſme, qu’au Cercle N.1; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> le vient aborder  à la mode ancienne avec une feinte, haute, ou baſſe, tiree d’un bras roide par dehors l’eſpee, à l’inſtant qu’il arrive à la Circonference du Cercle: puis en approchant le pied gauche, & eſlevant l’autre, il commence à faire la cavation; laquelle il continue durant l’avancement du corps, ſi bien qu’au meſme inſtant qu’il met le pied en terre ſur le Diametre à la lettre R, il tire de toute ſa force une eſtocade vers le viſage de ſon Contraire. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> s’appercevant, que la feinte ne paſſe point la branche de ſa garde, ne ſe bouge nullement, juſqu’à tant que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie s’avance un peu d’avantage, & commence à faire la cavation avec le pied droit eſlevé. Car lors il ſe prepare, s’avivant le corps, le pied, le bras, & l’eſpee, en la façon, qui eſt deſcrite en la troiſieme eſpece des feintes; de ſorte que l’ennemi entrant, & dreſſant la pointe de l’eſpee vers ſon viſage en dedans le bras, à l’inſtant qu’elle vient à l’endroit de ſon coude, il la reçoit de la branche interieure de ſa garde au Nombre 4. ou 5. & en la graduant avec un avancement du corps, il luy donne le coup en droite ligne au viſage, abaiſſant le pied un peu au delà le Diametre entre les lettres EH. continuant  à charger le corps ſur iceluy, en pliant le genouil, pour augmenter la vigueur de l’eſtocade, en la maniere & pour les conſiderations declarées cy deſſus.
Line 3,166: Line 3,170:
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This manner of receiving a thrust is somewhat different from that of Circle No 1, because this one counters with a single move, whereas the other takes two. This one executes the strike by a bend of the knee, the other requires one to prepare the body by becoming erect in the direct line posture with knees straightened. So it may seem to some that this way of giving a hit and a finish all at once, with the legs wide and the knees bent, is quite daring, more active, and more noble than the other because  it appears to be much more like the furiously active method of fighting commonly used. Whereas the other is so far removed it could not be used this way. However, you may be sure, that the method shown in Circle No 1 is the more sure, being more ready to respond to any changes, and stronger, since all the parts of the body are extended and tensed, and all forces work in conjunction. This gives their movements a vigour and internal liveliness that is not apparent, for the reason that the movements become smaller as they become more powerful. Moreover, as they come from a body that is extended perpendicularly, they are superior to the other. Notably when we employ skills in proportion to the requirements of the situation. Even so, his body is thus ready as much to move and fight on all sides, as it is to engage, stop, and moderate its actions appropriately, for he holds most of his ability in reserve. This is why it is very useful to perform these thrusts and the like in two motions, rather than one, which is also never necessary, as shall be shown in the following Circle. Alexander shall be constrained to stand up on his legs, with his body erect and straight, according to our style, to protect himself against the thrust, and so force his opponent to attack from the outside of his arm. If he wished to meet this attack by leaning his body forward over his forward knee, by this lowering of his body, arm, and sword, he would, of necessity, find himself lower than his adversary, who would not be long in taking full advantage of the superior position of his body, which he has kept by staying upright.
+
|This manner of receiving a thrust is somewhat different from that of Circle No 1, because this one counters with a single move, whereas the other takes two. This one executes the strike by a bend of the knee, the other requires one to prepare the body by becoming erect in the direct line posture with knees straightened. So it may seem to some that this way of striking and following through all at once, with the legs wide and the knees bent, is quite daring, more active, and more noble than the other because  it appears to be much more like the impetuous actions in common use. Whereas the other is so far removed it could not be used this way. However, you may be sure, that the method shown in Circle No 1 is the more sure, being more ready to respond to any changes, and stronger, since all the parts of the body are extended and tensed, and all forces work in conjunction. This gives their movements a vigour and internal liveliness that is not apparent, for the reason that the movements become smaller as they become more powerful. Moreover, as they come from a body that is extended perpendicularly, they are superior to the other. Notably when we employ skills in proportion to the requirements of the situation. Even so, his body is thus ready as much to move and fight on all sides, as it is to engage, stop, and moderate its actions appropriately, for he holds all he needs in reserve. This is why it is very useful to practice the action of these and similar thrusts in two motions, rather than one. It is also never entirely necessary, as shall be shown in the following Circle. Alexander shall be constrained to stand up on his legs, with his body erect and straight, according to our style, to protect himself against the thrust, and so force his opponent to attack from the outside of his arm. If he wished to meet this attack by leaning his body forward over his forward knee, by this lowering of his body, arm, and sword, he would, of necessity, find himself lower than his adversary, who would not be long in taking full advantage of the superior position of his body, which he has kept by staying upright.
  
 
|Ceſte maniere de rencontrer une eſtocage, eſt aſſez differente de celle du Cercle N.1. Car celle cy fait l’execution de ſon coup en un ſeul temps, & l’autre en deux: celle cy l’execute en pliant le genouil, & l’autre veut que le corps ſoit preallablement dreſſé en ligne perpendiculaire avec les genoux roides. Or il ſemblera bien à pluſieurs, que ceſte façon de donner & achever tout enſemble avec les jambes larges & le genou plié, ſoit plus gaillarde, plus aćtive, & plus noble, que l’autre, par ce qu’elle a en apparance quelque choſe de commun avec les plus furieuſes Aćtions de la Pratique vulgaire; dont l’autre eſt ſi fort eſloignée, qu’elle ne le pourroit eſtre davantage. Cependant ſoyez ſeur, que celle du Cercle N.1. eſt la plus ſeure, plus preſte à prevenir touts les changements, & meſme auſſi plus robuſte, par ce que touts les membres du corps y ſont tendus & reſveillez, & tiennent leurs forces plus unies; ce qui donne à leurs mouvements une vigueur & vie interieur, qui ne paroiſt pas en l’exterieur; à raiſon qu’ils ſont d’autant plus petits, que la force en eſt plus grande. En outre, pour ce qu’ils procedent d’un corps eſtendu perpendiculairement, ils ſe font avec plus de ſuperiorité, que les autre; notamment quand on y employe l’artifice & la proportion, que les occaſions requierent; meſme que le corps eſt alors preparé tant pour ſe trāſporter & travailler à touts coſtez, qu’à pourſuivre, arreſter, & moderer ſes aćtions tout ainſi que bon luy ſemble; pour ce qu’il a tout en reſerve. C’eſt pourquoy il eſt tres utile de pratiquer les executions de telles & ſemblables eſtocades en deux temps, plustoſt qu’en un: & aucunesfois il eſt du tout neceſſaire, comme il ſera monſtré par la deſcription du Cercle ſuivant: ou <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſera contraint de ſe mettre droit ſur ſes jambes, pour s’aſſeurer contre l’eſtocade, que ſa partie luy tire en dehors du bras, avec le corps haut & droit, enſuivant le ſtile de noſtre Pratique. Car s’il vouloit rencontrer en panchant du corps en avant ſur le genouil de la jambe anterieure, par l’abaiſſemēt du corps, du bras, & de l’eſpee, il deviendroit neceſſairement inferieur à ſa partie, qui ne s’eſloigne guerre de prendre l’avantage de ſuperiorité, par la hauteur du corps qu’il ſe reſerve.
 
|Ceſte maniere de rencontrer une eſtocage, eſt aſſez differente de celle du Cercle N.1. Car celle cy fait l’execution de ſon coup en un ſeul temps, & l’autre en deux: celle cy l’execute en pliant le genouil, & l’autre veut que le corps ſoit preallablement dreſſé en ligne perpendiculaire avec les genoux roides. Or il ſemblera bien à pluſieurs, que ceſte façon de donner & achever tout enſemble avec les jambes larges & le genou plié, ſoit plus gaillarde, plus aćtive, & plus noble, que l’autre, par ce qu’elle a en apparance quelque choſe de commun avec les plus furieuſes Aćtions de la Pratique vulgaire; dont l’autre eſt ſi fort eſloignée, qu’elle ne le pourroit eſtre davantage. Cependant ſoyez ſeur, que celle du Cercle N.1. eſt la plus ſeure, plus preſte à prevenir touts les changements, & meſme auſſi plus robuſte, par ce que touts les membres du corps y ſont tendus & reſveillez, & tiennent leurs forces plus unies; ce qui donne à leurs mouvements une vigueur & vie interieur, qui ne paroiſt pas en l’exterieur; à raiſon qu’ils ſont d’autant plus petits, que la force en eſt plus grande. En outre, pour ce qu’ils procedent d’un corps eſtendu perpendiculairement, ils ſe font avec plus de ſuperiorité, que les autre; notamment quand on y employe l’artifice & la proportion, que les occaſions requierent; meſme que le corps eſt alors preparé tant pour ſe trāſporter & travailler à touts coſtez, qu’à pourſuivre, arreſter, & moderer ſes aćtions tout ainſi que bon luy ſemble; pour ce qu’il a tout en reſerve. C’eſt pourquoy il eſt tres utile de pratiquer les executions de telles & ſemblables eſtocades en deux temps, plustoſt qu’en un: & aucunesfois il eſt du tout neceſſaire, comme il ſera monſtré par la deſcription du Cercle ſuivant: ou <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſera contraint de ſe mettre droit ſur ſes jambes, pour s’aſſeurer contre l’eſtocade, que ſa partie luy tire en dehors du bras, avec le corps haut & droit, enſuivant le ſtile de noſtre Pratique. Car s’il vouloit rencontrer en panchant du corps en avant ſur le genouil de la jambe anterieure, par l’abaiſſemēt du corps, du bras, & de l’eſpee, il deviendroit neceſſairement inferieur à ſa partie, qui ne s’eſloigne guerre de prendre l’avantage de ſuperiorité, par la hauteur du corps qu’il ſe reſerve.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 4'''
+
|'''Circle No 4.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.4.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary again attacks with resolve using a straight thrust to the outside of the arm, towards the face, with the body so upright that he does not pass beyond the letter V. Against this Alexander, having made ready, meets the 4th Span of his opponent’s sword with the strong of his own, raising himself slightly on his toes, by which means he retains his superiority, and progressing along his opponent’s sword, keeping his arm straight, with a small step to turn his head and his back towards the thrust, he wounds Zachary in the face instead, recovering into the same posture that he had before.''
+
|''Zachary again attacks with resolve using a straight thrust to the outside of the arm, towards the face, with the body so upright that he does not pass beyond the letter V. Against this Alexander, having made ready, meets the 4th Span of his opponent’s sword with the strong of his own, raising himself slightly on his toes, by which means he retains his superiority, and sliding the point of contact along his opponent’s sword, keeping his arm straight, with a small step to turn his head and his back towards the thrust, he wounds Zachary in the face instead, recovering into the same posture that he had before.''
  
 
|''Zacharie luy tire encore ſur la meſme poſture une autre eſtocade reſolue en droite ligne, dehors du bras, & devers le viſage, avec le corps touſiours ſi haut qu’il ne passe point la lettre V, ſur quoy Alexandre ayant fait ſa preparation, accueile l’eſpee contraire du ſort de la ſienne au Nombre 4, avec un petit ſouſlevement du corps ſur les orteils de ſes pieds, de quoy il retient la ſuperiorité, & en graduant l’eſpee contraire d’un bras roide avec une petite demarche, pour tourner la teſte & le dos devers l’eſtocade, il le bleſſe luy meſme au viſage, en revenant tout droit debout en la meſme poſture qu’il s’eſtoit au paravant.''
 
|''Zacharie luy tire encore ſur la meſme poſture une autre eſtocade reſolue en droite ligne, dehors du bras, & devers le viſage, avec le corps touſiours ſi haut qu’il ne passe point la lettre V, ſur quoy Alexandre ayant fait ſa preparation, accueile l’eſpee contraire du ſort de la ſienne au Nombre 4, avec un petit ſouſlevement du corps ſur les orteils de ſes pieds, de quoy il retient la ſuperiorité, & en graduant l’eſpee contraire d’un bras roide avec une petite demarche, pour tourner la teſte & le dos devers l’eſtocade, il le bleſſe luy meſme au viſage, en revenant tout droit debout en la meſme poſture qu’il s’eſtoit au paravant.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 5'''
+
|'''Circle No 5.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.5.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 6'''
+
|'''Circle No 6.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.6.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.6.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|After the two adversaries have adopted their direct line postures at the First Instance, holding their swords parallel to each other, that of Alexander above the other, Zachary once again tries to thrust from the outside, but this time not with a direct line, as in Circle No 4, because Alexander can block him with a similar direct line, overpowering and wounding him at the same time. Therefore, he prefers to strike with his arm bent, as follows. He first moves forward with a feint of the second type inside the arm, moving both his foot and body, with the sword-arm extended, until the tip reaches about even with his opponent’s wrist. Then, still moving forward, he turns his wrist up, bends his arm, passes the tip above his opponent’s sword, and strikes from outside his opponent’s arm with a powerful thrust to his enemy’s face. His right foot comes down on the Diameter, at the letter R, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and allows the left foot to come up in balance to the letter X. Alexander first defends against the feint, tensing and straightening up his body, while raising his right foot, and extending his right arm, his sword-tip moving against the feint as shown before (Circle No4). He waits in this superior position, a universally applicable response against every move the adversary might try after his feint, who will either continue the same move, or make a circular disengagement to try some change of position, or yet something else, as may be. He determines his adversary’s intent, from the first motion of the change by the turning of his shoulder and his arm, and before the tip can even pass the level of his elbow, he clearly sees that it is aimed towards his face in a bent line. In one motion, he avoids this blow by moving his head off the line to the left, as he sets his right foot down along the Diameter just inside the circumference, lowerss his right hand down while raising the tip of his blade so that the 5th or 6th Span of his blade makes contact with the 7th Span of Zachary’s blade, and he bends his elbow and moves it down against his right side to protect against any cuts. He continues the left-forward motion with a circular step with his left foot up to the letter I (at the crossing of the Interior Collaterals and the Oblique Diameter). While he does this, the point of contact slides up Zachary’s blade, and forces it away to the side. Then he sets his left foot down, bends his knee and puts his weight on it while forcing his opponent’s sword further away, exactly as shown by the figures in the image.
+
|After the two adversaries have adopted their direct line postures at the First Instance, holding their swords parallel to each other, that of Alexander above the other, Zachary once again tries to thrust from the outside, but this time not with a direct line, as in Circle No 4, because Alexander can block him with a similar direct line, overpowering and wounding him at the same time. Therefore, he prefers to strike with his arm bent, as follows. He first moves forward with a feint of the second type inside the arm, moving both his foot and body, with the sword-arm extended, until the tip reaches about even with his opponent’s wrist. Then, still moving forward, he turns his wrist up, bends his arm, passes the tip below his opponent’s sword, and strikes from outside his opponent’s arm with a powerful thrust to his enemy’s face. His right foot comes down on the Diameter, at the letter R, he leans his body forward over his right knee, and allows the left foot to come up in balance to the letter X. Alexander first prepares against the feint, tensing and straightening up his body, while raising his right foot, and extending his right arm, his sword-tip moving against the side of the feint as shown before (Circle No4). He waits in this superior position, a universally applicable response, for any machination his adversary may try following this feint, either continuing the same movement, or making some change through a circular disengagement, or yet something of another sort, as may be. He determines his adversary’s intent, from the first motion of the change by the turning of his shoulder and his arm, and before the tip can even pass the level of his elbow, he clearly sees that it is aimed towards his face in a bent line. In one motion, he avoids this blow by moving his head away out of range by turning and moving his left side forward which he does by setting his right foot, which is raised, on the Diameter just inside the circumference, making contact at the 5th or 6th Span of his opponent’s blade with the 7th Span of his own, and against this sliding the point of contact slightly down with a  lowering of his hand and pressing his elbow against his right side to protect against any cuts. He continues the left-forward motion with a circular step with his left foot up to the letter I (at the crossing of the Interior Collaterals and the Oblique Diameter), bending his knee and shifting his weight onto it, while subjugating his opponent’s sword, exactly as shown by the figures in the image.
  
 
|Apres que les deux Contraires ont eſté plantez à la Premiere Inſtance en poſtures de la droite ligne, tenants les eſpees paralleles l’une à l’autre, celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> deſſus & l’autre deſſous; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> entreprend de luy tirer derechef une eſtocade en dehors du bras, non toutesfois en ligne droite, comme au Cercle N.4. à cauſe qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre la luy avoit rencontrée avec pareille ligne droite; domté, & bleſſé au meſme temps; dont il aime mieux de luy porter le coup avec le bras courbé, en la maniere ſuivante. Il s’advance premierement avec une feinte de la ſeconde eſpece en dedans du bras, portant egalement le pied & le corps avec le bras eſtendu, juſques à tant que ſa poinćte arrive alendroit du poignet de la main contraire; & puis en continuant encor le meſme advancement, il la repaſſe par deſſous, & en tir en dehors du bras avec pleine force une eſtocade, au viſage de l’Ennemi en ligne courbe; poſant le pied droit ſure le Diametre à la lettre R, en accommodant le corps en avant ſur le genouil de la jambe droite, & laiſſant trainer le pied gauche proportionnellement derriere juſqu’à la lettre X. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe prepare premierement cōtre la feinte, s’avivant & eſtendant au meſme temps le corps avec eſlevation du pied droit, en eſtendāt le bras avec l’eſpee, la poinćte dreſſée contrement du coſté de la feinte, comme il à eſté monſtré cy deſſus; en attendant avec ceſte ſuperiorité, comme avec un remede univerſel, tout ce que l’Adverſaire luy peut machiner en ſuite de la feinte, ſoit en continuant le trait encommencé, ou en uſant de quelque changement par maniere de cavation, ou de quelque autre ſorte, que ce puiſſe eſtre. S’appercevant donc au premiere trait du changemēt, de l’intention de ſon Adverſaire, par le torſement de l’eſpaule & du bras d’iceluy; avant que la pointe luy paſſe l’endroit du coude, il voit clairemēt, qu’elle eſt dreſſé devers ſon viſage en ligne courbe: à l’occaſion dequoy il eſquive le coup en oſtant ſa teſte hors de preſence, par le moien d’un tournoyement & avancement du coſté gauche qu’il veut faire en poſant le pied droit, à preſent eſlevé, ſur le Diametre au dedans de la Circonference, en acceuillant au meſme temps avec le Nombre 7. de ſa lame dreſſée contremont le 5. ou 6. de l’eſpee contraire, ſur laquelle il fait quelqeu petite deſgraduation avec quelque abaiſſement de la main, s’affermiſſant le coude contre le flanc, pour la defenſe de la partie inferieure du corps; & continuant à ſe tourner & avancer ſur le meſme pied circulairemēt le coſté gauche, juſqu’à en poſer le pied à la lettre I. par deçà le Diametre, pliant le genouil & accommodant le corps deſſus, en aſſujettant l’eſpee contraire; le tout en conformité de ce qui eſt repreſenté par les figures.
 
|Apres que les deux Contraires ont eſté plantez à la Premiere Inſtance en poſtures de la droite ligne, tenants les eſpees paralleles l’une à l’autre, celle d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> deſſus & l’autre deſſous; <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> entreprend de luy tirer derechef une eſtocade en dehors du bras, non toutesfois en ligne droite, comme au Cercle N.4. à cauſe qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre la luy avoit rencontrée avec pareille ligne droite; domté, & bleſſé au meſme temps; dont il aime mieux de luy porter le coup avec le bras courbé, en la maniere ſuivante. Il s’advance premierement avec une feinte de la ſeconde eſpece en dedans du bras, portant egalement le pied & le corps avec le bras eſtendu, juſques à tant que ſa poinćte arrive alendroit du poignet de la main contraire; & puis en continuant encor le meſme advancement, il la repaſſe par deſſous, & en tir en dehors du bras avec pleine force une eſtocade, au viſage de l’Ennemi en ligne courbe; poſant le pied droit ſure le Diametre à la lettre R, en accommodant le corps en avant ſur le genouil de la jambe droite, & laiſſant trainer le pied gauche proportionnellement derriere juſqu’à la lettre X. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ſe prepare premierement cōtre la feinte, s’avivant & eſtendant au meſme temps le corps avec eſlevation du pied droit, en eſtendāt le bras avec l’eſpee, la poinćte dreſſée contrement du coſté de la feinte, comme il à eſté monſtré cy deſſus; en attendant avec ceſte ſuperiorité, comme avec un remede univerſel, tout ce que l’Adverſaire luy peut machiner en ſuite de la feinte, ſoit en continuant le trait encommencé, ou en uſant de quelque changement par maniere de cavation, ou de quelque autre ſorte, que ce puiſſe eſtre. S’appercevant donc au premiere trait du changemēt, de l’intention de ſon Adverſaire, par le torſement de l’eſpaule & du bras d’iceluy; avant que la pointe luy paſſe l’endroit du coude, il voit clairemēt, qu’elle eſt dreſſé devers ſon viſage en ligne courbe: à l’occaſion dequoy il eſquive le coup en oſtant ſa teſte hors de preſence, par le moien d’un tournoyement & avancement du coſté gauche qu’il veut faire en poſant le pied droit, à preſent eſlevé, ſur le Diametre au dedans de la Circonference, en acceuillant au meſme temps avec le Nombre 7. de ſa lame dreſſée contremont le 5. ou 6. de l’eſpee contraire, ſur laquelle il fait quelqeu petite deſgraduation avec quelque abaiſſement de la main, s’affermiſſant le coude contre le flanc, pour la defenſe de la partie inferieure du corps; & continuant à ſe tourner & avancer ſur le meſme pied circulairemēt le coſté gauche, juſqu’à en poſer le pied à la lettre I. par deçà le Diametre, pliant le genouil & accommodant le corps deſſus, en aſſujettant l’eſpee contraire; le tout en conformité de ce qui eſt repreſenté par les figures.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 7'''
+
|'''Circle No 7.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.7.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.7.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 8'''
+
|'''Circle No 8.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.8.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.8.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|We have divided the operation shown in Circles 7 & 8 into two beats, to help students. Those who are more advanced, can accomplish this in one beat, since they only need to put their left foot down once. What is more, there is a means of shortening the time even more, with an extra step: that is, when one forces the opponent’s sword away, as described in Circle No 6, one steps forward with the right foot up to the letter E, a bit beside the Diameter line, or even more, and, as following through, while turning the left side of his body forward, he drops the contact with his opponents blade the same way as in Circle No 7, only putting his left foot down at the instant his tip makes contact with his opponent’s armpit, then following through in the same way as before.
+
|We have divided the operation shown in Circles 7 & 8 into two beats, to help students. Those who are more advanced, can accomplish this in one beat, since they only need to put their left foot down once. What is more, there is a means of shortening the time even more, with an extra step: that is, when one subjugates the opponent’s sword, as described in Circle No 6, one steps forward with the right foot up to the letter E, a bit beside the Diameter line, or even more, and, as following through, while turning the left side of his body forward, he drops the contact with his opponents blade the same way as in Circle No 7, only putting his left foot down at the instant his tip makes contact with his opponent’s armpit, then following through in the same way as before.
  
 
|Nous avons diviſé ceſte operation des Cercles N.7. & 8. en deux temps, en faveur des diciples. Car ceux qui ſeront plus avancez, la pourront accomplir en un, n’ayans beſoing de mettre le pied gauche en terre, ſinon une fois tant ſeulement. Qui plus eſt, il y aura moyen d’en abbreger le temps encores d’avantage, avec l’execution annexee: c’eſt qu’en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee du Contraire, en la maniere deſcrite au Cercle N. 6. on entre du pied droit juſques à la lettre E. un peu par deça le Diametre, ou meſmes plus outre: & puis en pourſuivant tourner le coſté gauche en devant, deſtachant les eſpees en la meſme façon comme au Cercle 7. ſans toutefois abaiſſer le pied gauche à terre, ſinon au meſme inſtant qu’on le touche deſſoubs le bras, pourſuivant au reſte l’execution en la meſme ſorte, que deſſus.
 
|Nous avons diviſé ceſte operation des Cercles N.7. & 8. en deux temps, en faveur des diciples. Car ceux qui ſeront plus avancez, la pourront accomplir en un, n’ayans beſoing de mettre le pied gauche en terre, ſinon une fois tant ſeulement. Qui plus eſt, il y aura moyen d’en abbreger le temps encores d’avantage, avec l’execution annexee: c’eſt qu’en aſſujettiſſant l’eſpee du Contraire, en la maniere deſcrite au Cercle N. 6. on entre du pied droit juſques à la lettre E. un peu par deça le Diametre, ou meſmes plus outre: & puis en pourſuivant tourner le coſté gauche en devant, deſtachant les eſpees en la meſme façon comme au Cercle 7. ſans toutefois abaiſſer le pied gauche à terre, ſinon au meſme inſtant qu’on le touche deſſoubs le bras, pourſuivant au reſte l’execution en la meſme ſorte, que deſſus.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Note that we presume, in Circle 6, that Zachary has made his thrust with full intent to harm, which is the real situation that prompts the first contact, the continuation, and final execution of the thrusts shown in Circles 6, 7 , and 8. But let us suppose he has not made this thrust with resolute determination, that he moves his tip a little slower, or that he does not move his body forward as much as a determined thrust requires, moving his right foot forward only as far as the letter V. What is the solution? Because if one tried to turn the left side forward and try to throw his sword aside as shown in Circle 6 would be very dangerous, because Zachary can still change his actions and make a circular disengage to wound Alexander inside the arm. Which would be impossible if he were fully committed to the outside thrust. The difference between these two attacks is what Alexander must learn to distinguish, through his adversary’s preparations, and initial motions. Whether he is attacking with intent, or reserved. Having recognized this, he moves his right foot forward beside the Diameter to about the letter E, closing his elbow by his side as he his body moves forward, and, with a slight drop of the hand and wrist movement, aims his raised tip towards his adversary’s sword, to be able to turn his adversary’s point aside, whether the blades are in contact or not. He is careful not to move his left foot forward, but keeps it slightly raised behind or to the side, and if his enemy continues with his initial movement, he will also continue with his left foot, more slowly than before, in order to maintain the correct amount of contact, to be able to work confidently against any changes his enemy might make. These must be met with the strong going against his weak, and then giving a hit to the face when stepping forward with the left foot. This will be fully explained in the appropriate chapter. So, having prepared, it sometimes happens that the swords touch, and sometimes not, or at least much later than they should. In the first case, you already know what to do, to move in relatively slowly with the left side and foot, maintaining the sensibility of the contact. In the second case, when the opponent does not touch your blade, it is absolutely certain he does not intent to wound you with his bent-arm attack, that he is only pretending to in order to get you to move your sword aside, away from defending the centre line, so he can more easily disengage around your arm. To prevent this, you must take advantage of this feint, by leaning further forward while lowering your hand and guard, catch the weak of his blade, at the 3rd, 4th, or 5th Span, with the strong of your blade as he moves upward from beneath your blade. Continue to move up his blade, aiming the tip of your sword towards his face to wound him following along the line of the blade, stepping forward with the left foot beyond the perpendicular diameter, if he is not fast enough with his disengagement. If he does it at all, considering that he can do this only with a circular motion.
+
|Note that we presume, in Circle 6, that Zachary has made his thrust with full intent to harm, which is the real situation that prompts the first contact, the continuation, and final execution of the thrusts shown in Circles 6, 7 , and 8. But let us suppose he has not made this thrust with resolute determination, that he moves his tip a little slower, or that he does not move his body forward as much as a determined thrust requires, moving his right foot forward only as far as the letter V. What is the solution? Because if one tried to turn the left side forward and try to subjugate his sword as shown in Circle 6 would be very dangerous, because Zachary can still change his actions and make a circular disengage to wound Alexander inside the arm. Which would be impossible if he were fully committed to the outside thrust. The difference between these two attacks is what Alexander must learn to distinguish, through his adversary’s preparations, and initial motions whether he is attacking with intent, or reserved. Having recognized this, he moves his right foot forward beside the Diameter to about the letter E, closing his elbow by his side as he his body moves forward, and, with a slight drop of the hand and wrist movement, aims his raised tip towards his adversary’s sword, to be able to turn his adversary’s point aside, whether the blades are in contact or not. He is careful not to move his left foot forward, but keeps it slightly raised behind or to the side, and if his enemy continues with his initial movement, he will also continue with his left foot, more slowly than before, in order to maintain the correct amount of contact, to be able to work confidently against any disengagements his enemy might make. These must be met by the strong of his blade going against the weak of his opponent's, and then giving a hit to the face when stepping forward with the left foot. This will be fully explained in the appropriate chapter. So, having prepared, it sometimes happens that the swords touch, and sometimes not, or at least much later than they should. In the first case, you already know what to do, to move in relatively slowly with the left side and foot, maintaining the sensibility of the contact. In the second case, when the opponent does not touch your blade, it is absolutely certain he does not intent to wound you with his bent-arm attack, that he is only pretending to in order to get you to move your sword aside, away from defending the centre line, so he can more easily disengage around your arm. To prevent this, you must take advantage of this feint, by leaning further forward while lowering your hand and guard, catch the weak of his blade, at the 3rd, 4th, or 5th Span, with the strong of your blade as he moves upward from beneath your blade. Continue to move up his blade, aiming the tip of your sword towards his face to wound him following along the line of the blade, stepping forward with the left foot beyond the perpendicular diameter, if he is not fast enough with his disengagement. If he does it at all, considering that he can do this only with a circular motion.
  
 
|Or notez que on preſuppoſe au Cercle 6. que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait tiré ſon eſtocade avec pleine reſolution, qui eſt la vraye occaſion, de laquelle ceſte rencontre, continuation, & execution des ſuſdites Cercles 6. 7. 8. depend. Mais poſé le cas, qu’il ne tiraſt pas avec ceſte reſolution & hardieſſe, ains qu’il portaſt ſa pointe plus lentemēt, ou qu’il n’avançaſt pas le corps, tant que la proportion d’une eſtocade reſolue demande, n’entrant du pied droit que juſqu’à la lettre V. peu plus ou moins. Quel remede? Car de vouloir icy tourner le coſté ſeneſtre devant, & aſſujettir ſa lame à la mode du Cercle 6. c’eſt choſe treſdangereuſe: pource qu’il s’eſt reſervé de pouvoir changer l’operation encommencée, & de faire la cavation pour bleſſer au dedans du bras: ce qui luy ſeroit impoſsible s’il eſtoit en aćte  de tirer avec reſolution. La rencontre, c’eſt qu’il faut qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſache distinguer, par les commencemens & preparations des mouvemens du contraire, s’il tire avec reſolution, ou avec reſerve. Et l’ayant recognu, qu’il entre du pied droit environ la lettre E. par deça le Diametre, en s’affermiſſant le coude du bras droit contre le coſté, avec avancement du corps, & quelque petite deſcente de la main, & accomodation du poignet, par laquelle il dreſſera ſa pointe contremont devers l’eſpee contraire, pour en deſtourner la poinćte au temps convenable, ſoit que les lames s’entretouchent, ou non: ſe gardant cependant d’avancer le pied gauche, mais qu’il le tienne en l’air derriere ou à coſté, & ſi l’Ennemi continue ſon premier mouvement, il continuera auſſi à l’egal d’entrer du pied gauche, pluſtoſt lentement qu’autrement, afin de retenir le ſentiment juſte, pour travailler avec plus d’aſſeurance ſure les cavations qu’on luy pourroit faire; leſquelles il faudra rencōtrer en accueillant le foible de l’eſpee contraire du ſort de la ſienne, & luy donner le coup au viſage avec avancemēt du meſme pied gauche: ainſi qu’il ſera deſcript plus particulierement en ſon lieu. Or en faiſant ceſte preparation, il advient aucunefois que les eſpees s’entretouchent, & aucunefois point, ou pour le moins plus tard, qu’elles ne devroyent. Quand la premiere occurrence ſe preſentera, vous avez deſia voſtre inſtrućtion, d’entrer lentement avec le coſté, & le pied gauche, moyennant l’aſſeurance du ſentiment: Quand la ſeconde ſe preſente; & que l’adverſaire ne touche pas voſtre lame, c’eſt un argument infallible, qu’il n’a pas intention de bleſſer avec ſa courbe; ains ſeulement d’en faire le ſembāt, pour faire ſortir voſtre eſpee hors du centre de ſa defenſe, afin de ſe ſervir en apres de la cavation avec plus d’apparence. Pour y obvier, il faut que vous prenniez ſur ceſte feinte un nouvel amendement de voſtre avantage; en augmentant le panchement du corps en avant, enſemble avec la deſcente de la main & de la garde, en dreſſant la pointe en haut devers ſon viſage pour le bleſſer ſuivant le fil de ſa lame, s’il ne fait aſſez toſt la cavation. Et s’il la fait, conſiderant qu’il ne la peut faire autre, que circulairement; vous accueillirez du fort de voſtre eſpee le foible de la ſienne, Nombre 3, 4, ou 5, cependant qu’elle montera de deſſous voſtre garde en haut: & continuerez à la graduer, & à le bleſſer au viſage, en avançant le coſté gauche, & entrant avec le meſme pied dedans ſes perpendiculaires.
 
|Or notez que on preſuppoſe au Cercle 6. que <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Za</font>charie ait tiré ſon eſtocade avec pleine reſolution, qui eſt la vraye occaſion, de laquelle ceſte rencontre, continuation, & execution des ſuſdites Cercles 6. 7. 8. depend. Mais poſé le cas, qu’il ne tiraſt pas avec ceſte reſolution & hardieſſe, ains qu’il portaſt ſa pointe plus lentemēt, ou qu’il n’avançaſt pas le corps, tant que la proportion d’une eſtocade reſolue demande, n’entrant du pied droit que juſqu’à la lettre V. peu plus ou moins. Quel remede? Car de vouloir icy tourner le coſté ſeneſtre devant, & aſſujettir ſa lame à la mode du Cercle 6. c’eſt choſe treſdangereuſe: pource qu’il s’eſt reſervé de pouvoir changer l’operation encommencée, & de faire la cavation pour bleſſer au dedans du bras: ce qui luy ſeroit impoſsible s’il eſtoit en aćte  de tirer avec reſolution. La rencontre, c’eſt qu’il faut qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre ſache distinguer, par les commencemens & preparations des mouvemens du contraire, s’il tire avec reſolution, ou avec reſerve. Et l’ayant recognu, qu’il entre du pied droit environ la lettre E. par deça le Diametre, en s’affermiſſant le coude du bras droit contre le coſté, avec avancement du corps, & quelque petite deſcente de la main, & accomodation du poignet, par laquelle il dreſſera ſa pointe contremont devers l’eſpee contraire, pour en deſtourner la poinćte au temps convenable, ſoit que les lames s’entretouchent, ou non: ſe gardant cependant d’avancer le pied gauche, mais qu’il le tienne en l’air derriere ou à coſté, & ſi l’Ennemi continue ſon premier mouvement, il continuera auſſi à l’egal d’entrer du pied gauche, pluſtoſt lentement qu’autrement, afin de retenir le ſentiment juſte, pour travailler avec plus d’aſſeurance ſure les cavations qu’on luy pourroit faire; leſquelles il faudra rencōtrer en accueillant le foible de l’eſpee contraire du ſort de la ſienne, & luy donner le coup au viſage avec avancemēt du meſme pied gauche: ainſi qu’il ſera deſcript plus particulierement en ſon lieu. Or en faiſant ceſte preparation, il advient aucunefois que les eſpees s’entretouchent, & aucunefois point, ou pour le moins plus tard, qu’elles ne devroyent. Quand la premiere occurrence ſe preſentera, vous avez deſia voſtre inſtrućtion, d’entrer lentement avec le coſté, & le pied gauche, moyennant l’aſſeurance du ſentiment: Quand la ſeconde ſe preſente; & que l’adverſaire ne touche pas voſtre lame, c’eſt un argument infallible, qu’il n’a pas intention de bleſſer avec ſa courbe; ains ſeulement d’en faire le ſembāt, pour faire ſortir voſtre eſpee hors du centre de ſa defenſe, afin de ſe ſervir en apres de la cavation avec plus d’apparence. Pour y obvier, il faut que vous prenniez ſur ceſte feinte un nouvel amendement de voſtre avantage; en augmentant le panchement du corps en avant, enſemble avec la deſcente de la main & de la garde, en dreſſant la pointe en haut devers ſon viſage pour le bleſſer ſuivant le fil de ſa lame, s’il ne fait aſſez toſt la cavation. Et s’il la fait, conſiderant qu’il ne la peut faire autre, que circulairement; vous accueillirez du fort de voſtre eſpee le foible de la ſienne, Nombre 3, 4, ou 5, cependant qu’elle montera de deſſous voſtre garde en haut: & continuerez à la graduer, & à le bleſſer au viſage, en avançant le coſté gauche, & entrant avec le meſme pied dedans ſes perpendiculaires.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 9'''
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|'''Circle No 9.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.9.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.9.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|After having taken a look at the thrusts to Alexander’s face that Zachary might make, to the inside and outside of the sword, it is a good idea to likewise add the thrusts that he could also make towards the stomach, beneath the arm, so that by these proofs one can judge as one should the superiority of the direct line posture, which he has, once again, adopted in Circle No 9, on the ordinary lines of the Quadrangle A-C. Zachary has likewise approached, by adopting the direct line posture, setting his blade parallel to and beneath the other, in the usual way of our style. Or, he may have approached up to the First Instance in the old style, with his body bent over. Having arrived there, he strikes outside with a feint of the second type, reaching to the wrist, and moves in closer. Continuing the same advance, swiftly he drops his tip with a circular motion, keeping his arm straight. Advancing as he does this, he intends to put his foot as far forward as the letter R along the Diameter, and at the same time he aims the tip of his sword at the lower part of his enemy’s body. These are the actions made by and goals of the attacker. The instructions for the defender follows. Alexander first responded to the feint. Tensing his body, raising his right heel up, and working with his sword, as has been described, above. He recognises, as his opponent begins to make the second part of the movement,  that his opponent is going to wound him in the stomach or in the right side and as he does this his opponent lowers his arm and sword, so much that he leaves his right shoulder uncovered. At the same time, Alexander turns his right side outwards, his feet pointing forward and moves the upper part of his torso forward by leaning his upper body while holding his sword out straight in front, so that he hits his opponent in the right shoulder, which is the closest part of his body, and by this hit, he forces him to shorten his step, putting his foot down at about the letter V, rather than the letter R, as he intended.
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|After having taken a look at the thrusts to Alexander’s face that Zachary might make, to the inside and outside of the sword, it is a good idea to likewise add the thrusts that he could also make towards the stomach, beneath the arm, so that by these proofs one can properly judge the superiority of the direct line posture, which he has, once again, adopted in Circle No 9, on the ordinary lines of the Quadrangle A-C. Zachary has likewise approached, by adopting the direct line posture, setting his blade parallel to and beneath the other, in the usual way of our style. Or, he may have approached up to the First Instance in the old style, with his body bent over. Having arrived there, he strikes outside with a feint of the second type, reaching to the wrist, and moves in closer. Continuing the same advance, he swiftly drops his tip with a circular motion, keeping his arm straight. He advances as he does this, intending to put his foot as far forward as the letter R along the Diameter, and at the same time he aims the tip of his sword at the lower part of his enemy’s body. These are the actions and intentions of the assailant. The instructions for the defender follows. Alexander first responded to the feint. He tensed his body, raised his right heel up, and began working with his sword, as has been described, above. He recognises, as his opponent begins to make the second part of the movement,  that his opponent is going to wound him in the stomach or in the right side and as he does this his opponent lowers his arm and sword, so much that he leaves his right shoulder uncovered. At the same time, Alexander turns his right side outwards, withdrawing his right hip, points his feet forward and moves the upper part of his torso forward by leaning his upper body while holding his sword out straight in front, so that he hits his opponent in the right shoulder, which is the closest part of his body, and by this hit, he forces him to shorten his step, putting his foot down at about the letter V, rather than the letter R, as he intended.
  
 
|Apres avoir propoſé les eſtocades, qui pourroyent eſtre tirées par Zacharie en dehors & en dedans l’eſpee vers le viſage d’Alexandre, il ſera bon d’y adjouſter pareillemēt celles qu’il pourroit tirer vers le ventre au deſſoubs des armes, afin que par ces preuves on puiſſe dignement juger de l’excellence de la droite ligne, en laquelle il s’eſt derechef arreſté en ce Cercle 9. ſur les lignes ordinaires du quadrangle AC. Zacharie l’eſt pareillement venu aborder avec la meſme droite ligne, en aſſeoyant ſa lame parallele au deſſous de l’autre, ſuivant l’ordinaire de noſtre ſtyle: ou bien il eſt venu à la premiere Inſtance avec le corps courbé, ſelon la couſtume ancienne; & y eſtant arrivé, il à tiré par dehors une feinte de la ſeconde eſpece juſqu’au poignet de la main contraire, en levant le pied droit, & commençant à s’avancer: puis continuant le meſme avancement, il à rabaiſſé ſa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide, & avec grande viſteſſe; avançant quand & quand le corps d’avantage, en intention de porter le pied juſques à la lettre R. ſur le Diametre, & d’aſſener au meſme temps le coup de ſa pointe en la partie inferieure du corps de ſon Ennemi. Voilà les aćtions, & l’intention de l’aſſaillant. S’enſuit l’inſtrućtion pour le defendant. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> à fait premierement ſa preparation contre la feinte; s’avivant le corps, avec eſlevation du talon du pied droit, & travaillant de l’eſpee, ſelon ce qui a eſté dit plus particulierement cy deſſus. Puis recognoiſſant au ſecond mouvement le changement, que l’Adverſaire commence, pour le bleſſer au ventre, ou au coſté droit du corps; & que pour ce faire, il s’abaiſſe le bras & l’eſpee, tant qu’il ſe deſcouvre luy meſme l’eſpaule droite; il ſe deſtourne à meſme temps le coſté droit en dehors avec les pointes des deux pieds devant, & avance la partie ſuperieure du corps en la panchant avec le bras eſtendu, de ſorte qu’il luy donne l’atteinte en l’eſpaule droite, qui eſt le plus prochain endroit de lattouchement, le prenant & prevenant par ceſte rencontre, en ſorte qu’il le contraint de raccourcir le pas, & abaiſſer le pied environ la lettre V. au lieu de l’avancer juſques à R. comme il avoit deſſeing.
 
|Apres avoir propoſé les eſtocades, qui pourroyent eſtre tirées par Zacharie en dehors & en dedans l’eſpee vers le viſage d’Alexandre, il ſera bon d’y adjouſter pareillemēt celles qu’il pourroit tirer vers le ventre au deſſoubs des armes, afin que par ces preuves on puiſſe dignement juger de l’excellence de la droite ligne, en laquelle il s’eſt derechef arreſté en ce Cercle 9. ſur les lignes ordinaires du quadrangle AC. Zacharie l’eſt pareillement venu aborder avec la meſme droite ligne, en aſſeoyant ſa lame parallele au deſſous de l’autre, ſuivant l’ordinaire de noſtre ſtyle: ou bien il eſt venu à la premiere Inſtance avec le corps courbé, ſelon la couſtume ancienne; & y eſtant arrivé, il à tiré par dehors une feinte de la ſeconde eſpece juſqu’au poignet de la main contraire, en levant le pied droit, & commençant à s’avancer: puis continuant le meſme avancement, il à rabaiſſé ſa pointe circulairement avec le bras roide, & avec grande viſteſſe; avançant quand & quand le corps d’avantage, en intention de porter le pied juſques à la lettre R. ſur le Diametre, & d’aſſener au meſme temps le coup de ſa pointe en la partie inferieure du corps de ſon Ennemi. Voilà les aćtions, & l’intention de l’aſſaillant. S’enſuit l’inſtrućtion pour le defendant. <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> à fait premierement ſa preparation contre la feinte; s’avivant le corps, avec eſlevation du talon du pied droit, & travaillant de l’eſpee, ſelon ce qui a eſté dit plus particulierement cy deſſus. Puis recognoiſſant au ſecond mouvement le changement, que l’Adverſaire commence, pour le bleſſer au ventre, ou au coſté droit du corps; & que pour ce faire, il s’abaiſſe le bras & l’eſpee, tant qu’il ſe deſcouvre luy meſme l’eſpaule droite; il ſe deſtourne à meſme temps le coſté droit en dehors avec les pointes des deux pieds devant, & avance la partie ſuperieure du corps en la panchant avec le bras eſtendu, de ſorte qu’il luy donne l’atteinte en l’eſpaule droite, qui eſt le plus prochain endroit de lattouchement, le prenant & prevenant par ceſte rencontre, en ſorte qu’il le contraint de raccourcir le pas, & abaiſſer le pied environ la lettre V. au lieu de l’avancer juſques à R. comme il avoit deſſeing.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|But let’s suppose, either by his speed, or because Alexander is inattentive, that Zachary is now so far forward that there is no longer any means of stopping him, or breaking his step. In this case, it is not advisable for Alexandre to try to reach him with a simple twist of the body. So he must, at the same time, take a small backwards step, out of fear that the adversary’s sword-tip (which is nearby, is free to move, approaching, and cannot be stopped by a straight line counter-thrust) will wound him at the same instant, or just afterwards. In this case, he must draw his feet backwards a little bit, about as much as his adversary’s approach, so that there is no part of his body is left where Zachary intends to strike, or, if Zachary wants to reach even further, he will be forced to make extremely long moves, and to unbalance himself so that he cannot recover quickly, in which case ne should meet him at this point, when he is weakest, when he has abandoned himself to the mercy of his adversary, having abandoned his position of superiority in such a way that one can easily use the direct line to hit the nearest open target, as long as one leans a little forward. To accomplish this, being in the Instance is very advantageous for Alexander, because he attacks from the direct line posture, which has the longest range, by leaning his upper body forwards, while withdrawing the lower part, which is where his adversary aimed the tip of his sword, and his enemy has moved himself off of the dirct line by attacking downwards at an acute angle. Finally, which is very important, Alexander works from a position of superiority, and he can surprise the enemy at the very instant that he has expended all his effort, leaving nothing for his defense.
+
|But let’s suppose, either by his opponent’s speed, or because Alexander is inadvertently slow, that Zachary is now so far forward that there is no longer any means of stopping him, or breaking his step. In this case, it is not advisable for Alexandre to try to reach him with a simple twist of the body. So he must, at the same time, take a small backwards step, out of fear that the adversary’s sword-tip (which is nearby, is free to move, approaching, and cannot be stopped by a straight line counter-thrust) will wound him at the same instant, or just afterwards. In this case, he must draw his feet backwards a little bit, about as much as his adversary’s approach, so that there is no part of his body is left where Zachary intends to strike, or, if Zachary wants to reach even further, he will be forced to make extremely long moves, and to unbalance himself so that he cannot recover quickly, in which case he should meet him at this point, when he is weakest, when he has abandoned himself to the mercy of his adversary, having abandoned his position of superiority in such a way that one can easily use the direct line to hit the nearest open target, as long as one leans a little forward. To accomplish this, being in the Instance is very advantageous for Alexander, because he attacks from the direct line posture, which has the longest range, by leaning his upper body forwards, while withdrawing the lower part, which is where his adversary aimed the tip of his sword, and his enemy has moved himself off of the dirct line by attacking downwards at an acute angle. Finally, which is very important, Alexander works from a position of superiority, and he can surprise the enemy at the very instant that he has expended all his effort, leaving nothing for his defense.
  
 
|Mais poſons le cas, que par ſa viſteſſe, ou par l’inadvertance d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, il ſoit venu ſi avant qu’il n’y ait plus de moyen de l’arreſter, ou de luy rompre le pas. En ceſte occaſion il n’eſt pas loiſible à <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre de l’attendre avec un ſimple tournement du corps; ais il eſt contraint de ſe ſervir quand & quand d’une petite retirade; de peur que la pointe contraire, (que eſt en preſence, & libre, & en aćte d’approcher, ni ne peut eſtre arreſtée par l’eſtocade de la droite ligne) ne le bleſſe au meſme inſtant, ou bien peu apres. Il faut donc en ce cas qu’il retire les pieds un peu en arriere, plus ou moins à l’advenant de l’approchement de l’Adverſaire, afin qu’il ny ait point de corps au lieu qu’il pretend de frapper, ou s’il veut pourſuivre ſa poinćte plus avāt, qu’il ſoit contraint à faire des mouvements extremes, & à tresbucher du corps, dequoy il ne ſe peut redreſſer à temps, ſi on adviſe bien de l’accueillir durant le meſme affoibliſſement, au quel il s’eſt comme abandonné à la mercy de l’Adverſaire, luy quittant tout l’advantage de la ſuperiorité. en ſorte qu’on le peut aiſement toucher en droit ligne au plus prochan lieu deſcouvert, moyennāt qu’on ſe panche un peu ſur le devant. Or pour ce faire les Inſtances ſont grandement advantageuſes pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, par ce qu’il travaille avec la droite ligne, qui eſt la plus longue meſure, avec panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, en ayant en outre retiré la partie inferieure où l’Adverſaire avoit dreſſé ſa poinćte, & que l’ennemi s’eſt eſloigné de luy meſme de la droite ligne, en tirāt le coup vers le bas en angle aigu: & finalement, ce qui importe beaucoup, qu’il travaille avec ſuperiorité, & qu’il ſurprend l’Ennemy à l’inſtant qu’il n’a plus nulle reſerve de force pour ſa defenſe.
 
|Mais poſons le cas, que par ſa viſteſſe, ou par l’inadvertance d’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, il ſoit venu ſi avant qu’il n’y ait plus de moyen de l’arreſter, ou de luy rompre le pas. En ceſte occaſion il n’eſt pas loiſible à <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre de l’attendre avec un ſimple tournement du corps; ais il eſt contraint de ſe ſervir quand & quand d’une petite retirade; de peur que la pointe contraire, (que eſt en preſence, & libre, & en aćte d’approcher, ni ne peut eſtre arreſtée par l’eſtocade de la droite ligne) ne le bleſſe au meſme inſtant, ou bien peu apres. Il faut donc en ce cas qu’il retire les pieds un peu en arriere, plus ou moins à l’advenant de l’approchement de l’Adverſaire, afin qu’il ny ait point de corps au lieu qu’il pretend de frapper, ou s’il veut pourſuivre ſa poinćte plus avāt, qu’il ſoit contraint à faire des mouvements extremes, & à tresbucher du corps, dequoy il ne ſe peut redreſſer à temps, ſi on adviſe bien de l’accueillir durant le meſme affoibliſſement, au quel il s’eſt comme abandonné à la mercy de l’Adverſaire, luy quittant tout l’advantage de la ſuperiorité. en ſorte qu’on le peut aiſement toucher en droit ligne au plus prochan lieu deſcouvert, moyennāt qu’on ſe panche un peu ſur le devant. Or pour ce faire les Inſtances ſont grandement advantageuſes pour <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Ale</font>xandre, par ce qu’il travaille avec la droite ligne, qui eſt la plus longue meſure, avec panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps, en ayant en outre retiré la partie inferieure où l’Adverſaire avoit dreſſé ſa poinćte, & que l’ennemi s’eſt eſloigné de luy meſme de la droite ligne, en tirāt le coup vers le bas en angle aigu: & finalement, ce qui importe beaucoup, qu’il travaille avec ſuperiorité, & qu’il ſurprend l’Ennemy à l’inſtant qu’il n’a plus nulle reſerve de force pour ſa defenſe.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|An observation, at all times, when performing this, take care that you do not withdraw your foot too early, and so allow your adversary come halfway to the next Instance, and so he will continue to press his point even more forcefully, encouraged to expect that it will succeed, which will leave your arms and legs vulnerable to attack. Because otherwise if he has time to observe your change of position, he will likewise change his position in response against it, either by making a circular disengage, or attacking your sword, or moving out of range. Thus, a retreat made too soon will alert him to his advantage.
+
|An observation, at all times, when performing this, take care that you do not withdraw your foot too early, and so allow your adversary come halfway to the next Instance, and so he will continue to press his point even more forcefully, encouraged to expect that it will succeed, which will leave your arms and legs vulnerable to attack. Because otherwise if he has time to observe your change of position, he will likewise change his position in response against it, either by making a circular disengage, or attacking your sword, or moving out of range. Thus, a retreat made too soon will alert him, to his advantage.
  
 
|Toutesfois pour pratiquer ceſt obſervation prenez bien garde, que vous ne faciez pas la retirade du pied avant qu’il ſoit temps, ains que vous laiſſiez venir l’Adverſaire juſqu’à la moitié de l’Inſtance, afin qu’il continue plus furieuſement à pourſuivre ſa poinćte, en eſperance, & avec apparence de la mettre à execution; ce qui luy ſera faire des extremitez à luy prejudiciables. Car autrement s’il adviſe à temps du changement, que vous faites, il changera pareillement alencontre, ſoit en uſant de cavation, ou en affrontant les eſpees, ou en rompant la meſure; de façon, que la retraite, qui ſera faite avant le temps, luy ſervira d’un advertiſſement pour ſon advantage.
 
|Toutesfois pour pratiquer ceſt obſervation prenez bien garde, que vous ne faciez pas la retirade du pied avant qu’il ſoit temps, ains que vous laiſſiez venir l’Adverſaire juſqu’à la moitié de l’Inſtance, afin qu’il continue plus furieuſement à pourſuivre ſa poinćte, en eſperance, & avec apparence de la mettre à execution; ce qui luy ſera faire des extremitez à luy prejudiciables. Car autrement s’il adviſe à temps du changement, que vous faites, il changera pareillement alencontre, ſoit en uſant de cavation, ou en affrontant les eſpees, ou en rompant la meſure; de façon, que la retraite, qui ſera faite avant le temps, luy ſervira d’un advertiſſement pour ſon advantage.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|There is one more question to answer about the explanation of this Circle No 9, if one who is going to give a similar hit to the lower stomach, or to the shoulder of his opponent, is not going to put themselves inevitably in danger of receiving a similiar hit to the stomach, because it seems an acute blow would not stop an adversary’s forward movement, so that he would continue on without stopping. I shall answer this in the description which follows, where it shall be self-evident.
+
|There is one more point to make in the explanation of Circle No 9, that is, for one who would make such a thrust, with the tip aimed acutely downwards at his adversary’s chest or shoulder, he take care not to put himself in the inevitable danger of receiving a similar thrust to the stomach, because, it seems, that such a thrust will do nothing in the world to stop his opponent’s body, if he was not moving forward without a pause. I submit the response to this in the description of the following circle, where it shall be self-evident.
  
 
|Il reſte encor une autre demande pour la declaration de ce Cercle 9. aſſavoir, ſi celuy qui donneroit un tel coup d’eſtocade, avec une poinćte aigue en la poitrine, ou en l’eſpaule de ſa partie adverſe, ne ſe metteroit pas en danger inevitable de recevoir la pareille au ventre, à cauſe qu’il ſemble qu’une poinćte aigue ne pourroit en rien du monde arreſter le corps contraire, qu’il ne s’avançaſt plus outre, ſans null pauſe. I’en remets la reſponce à la deſcription de l’execution qui s’enſuit; où elle ſera evidente d’elle meſme.
 
|Il reſte encor une autre demande pour la declaration de ce Cercle 9. aſſavoir, ſi celuy qui donneroit un tel coup d’eſtocade, avec une poinćte aigue en la poitrine, ou en l’eſpaule de ſa partie adverſe, ne ſe metteroit pas en danger inevitable de recevoir la pareille au ventre, à cauſe qu’il ſemble qu’une poinćte aigue ne pourroit en rien du monde arreſter le corps contraire, qu’il ne s’avançaſt plus outre, ſans null pauſe. I’en remets la reſponce à la deſcription de l’execution qui s’enſuit; où elle ſera evidente d’elle meſme.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 10'''
+
|'''Circle No 10.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.10.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.10.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Because Alexander leaned the upper part of his body forward to hit, it follows that his arm and hand were lowered by the same degree as a result, and it follows that his guard can contact and block his adversary’s blade, before the tip has time to reach his own body. So that, by the lowering of his arm, that accompanied the forward lean of his torso, he holds the lower blade in subjugation, pushing it further down and away, moving in closer while keeping his body bend over. Combined with raising his left foot to enter in against his adversary, he steps forward with his lower left side, while keeping his right side (which is the block against his opponent’s thrust) to the rear. He puts his left foot down at or near the Letter I, beside the Diameter, leaning and moving his right shoulder forward, while keeping his arm straight to force his guard downwards, and moving it up his adversary’s blade, until his opponent’s sword tip is almost into the ground. All while piercing further into the shoulder and neck of his opponent, in a way that he cannot defend against it.
+
|Because Alexander leaned the upper part of his body forward to hit, it follows that his arm and hand were lowered by the same degree as a result, and it follows that his guard can contact and block his adversary’s blade, before the tip has time to reach his own body. So that, by the lowering of his arm, that accompanied the forward lean of his torso, he holds the lower blade in subjugation, pushing it further down and away, and what is more, he only gets closer by bending his body further over. Combined with raising his left foot, he enters in against his adversary, stepping forward only with his lower left side, while keeping his right side (which is the target his opponent’s thrust) to the rear. He puts his left foot down at the Letter I, or near there on the Diameter, leaning and moving his right shoulder forward, while keeping his arm straight to force his guard downwards, and moving the contact up his adversary’s blade, until his opponent’s sword tip is almost into the ground, following on by piercing the shoulder and neck of his opponent, in a way that he cannot defend against it.
  
 
|Puis qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a donné l’atteinte avec panchement du corps, dont la partie ſuperieure, le bras, & la main, deſcendent tout enſemble proportionnellement, il s’enſuit que ſa garde viendra toucher & empeſcher la lame contraire, avant que la poinćte ait le loiſir de parvenir juſqu’à ſon corps: de ſorte que par la deſcente du bras (qui accompagne le panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps) il tiendra la lame inferieure en ſubjećtion, l’abaiſſant plus loing de ſoy & pluſtoſt, qu’il ne s’en approche par la continuation de ſon panchement encommencé. Ioint auſſi qu’en eſlevant le pied gauche, il entrera ſur ſa partie adverſe, avec la partie inferieure du coſté gauche tant ſeulement, demeurant cependant le coſté droit, (qui eſt le blanc de l’eſtocade contraire) en arriere; & plantera le pied en terre au poinćt I ou environ par deça le Diametre, panchant & avançant davantage la partie ſuperieure du coſté droit, deſcendant touſiours ſa garde avec le bras eſtendu ſur l’eſpee contraire, la graduant juſqu’à la garde, de ſorte que la poinćte viendra quaſi à toucher la terre: pourſuivant au reſte à percer l’eſpaule & le col de ſon Adverſaire, de façon qu’il ne luy reſte plus aucune defenſe.
 
|Puis qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> a donné l’atteinte avec panchement du corps, dont la partie ſuperieure, le bras, & la main, deſcendent tout enſemble proportionnellement, il s’enſuit que ſa garde viendra toucher & empeſcher la lame contraire, avant que la poinćte ait le loiſir de parvenir juſqu’à ſon corps: de ſorte que par la deſcente du bras (qui accompagne le panchement de la partie ſuperieure du corps) il tiendra la lame inferieure en ſubjećtion, l’abaiſſant plus loing de ſoy & pluſtoſt, qu’il ne s’en approche par la continuation de ſon panchement encommencé. Ioint auſſi qu’en eſlevant le pied gauche, il entrera ſur ſa partie adverſe, avec la partie inferieure du coſté gauche tant ſeulement, demeurant cependant le coſté droit, (qui eſt le blanc de l’eſtocade contraire) en arriere; & plantera le pied en terre au poinćt I ou environ par deça le Diametre, panchant & avançant davantage la partie ſuperieure du coſté droit, deſcendant touſiours ſa garde avec le bras eſtendu ſur l’eſpee contraire, la graduant juſqu’à la garde, de ſorte que la poinćte viendra quaſi à toucher la terre: pourſuivant au reſte à percer l’eſpaule & le col de ſon Adverſaire, de façon qu’il ne luy reſte plus aucune defenſe.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 11'''
+
|'''Circle No 11.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.11.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This action begins the same way as the previous, that is, the two adversaries face each other at the First Instance. Zachary makes a feint to the inside. This was likewise met, as in Circle No 9, but with the difference that the thrust in Circle No 9 was made so low that his shoulder was exposed, so he guards against that this time. So, as he moves his body forward while making a circular disengagement, in order to attack and move his foot forward to the Letter R, he carries his hand a bit higher, so as to cover his shoulder with his guard. Which is why, as soon as Alexander, having made ready by becoming alert and tensing his body, extended his arm and brought the tip of his sword up at an obtuse angle, as fully described in the previous example, percieves the first indication of a move from the feint, at the instant his adversary’s sword begins to drop down, to aim the tip at his lower body, he likewise drops his own, bringing the tip, with his arm extended, to about the height of his adversary’s head, again intending to use the direct line posture to wound him in the shoulder. But seeing that his shoulder is covered by the guard, he immediately turns his right side to the outside, so the toes of his feet point forward, he draws his right hip and foot back slightly, leaning further forward with his upper body. This motion brings his arm down at the same time, dropping the guard onto his opponent’s sword. As he continues to lower it further, he is presented with the opportunity to wound him in the face, as is shown in the figure.
+
|This action begins the same way as the previous one, that is, the two adversaries face each other at the First Instance. Zachary makes a feint to the inside. This was likewise met, as in Circle No 9, but with the difference that the thrust in Circle No 9 was made so low that his shoulder was exposed, so he guards against that this time. So, as he moves his body forward while making a circular disengagement, in order to attack and move his foot forward to the Letter R, he carries his hand a bit higher, so as to cover his shoulder with his guard. Which is why, as soon as Alexander, having made ready by becoming alert and tensing his body, extended his arm and brought the tip of his sword up at an obtuse angle, as fully described in the previous example, percieves the first indication of a move from the feint, at the instant his adversary’s sword begins to drop down to aim the tip at his lower body, he likewise drops his own, bringing the tip, with his arm extended, to about the height of his adversary’s head, again intending to use the direct line posture to wound him in the shoulder. But seeing that his shoulder is covered by the guard, he immediately turns his right side to the outside, so the toes of his feet point forward, he draws his right hip and foot back slightly, leaning further forward with his upper body. This motion brings his arm down at the same time, dropping the guard onto his opponent’s sword. As he continues to lower it further, he is presented with the opportunity to wound him in the face, as is shown in the figure.
  
 
|Le commencement de ceſte operation eſt de meſme, que la precedente: aſſavoir, que les deux contraires eſtās venus à meſure de la Premiere Inſtance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> a tiré ſur <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> une feinte en dedans du bras: laquelle à pareillement eſté recontrée, comme au Cercle 9. mais la difference conſiſte en l’eſtocade & en la rencontre a propriée: car l’eſtocade a eſté tirée au dit Cercle 9. en abaiſſant ſi avant le bras & l’eſpee qu’il s’eſt deſcouvert luy meſme l’eſpaule, dont il ſe garde en ceſte operation preſente. Car en avançant le corps avec la cavation, pour tirer & marcher du pied droit juſqu’à la lettre R. il porte le bras un peu plus haut, de ſorte, qu’il ſe couvre l’eſpaule avec ſa garde. Parquoy ſi toſt qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit le premier trait du changement de la feinte (ayant preallablement fait ſa preparation; enſavivant le corps, eſlevant le pied droit, & eſtendant le bras avec l’eſpee, la pointe d’icelle en angle obtus, comme il a eſté deſcrit plus amplement en l’operation precedente) à l’inſtant que l’eſpee de ſa partie commence à deſcendre, pour luy aſſener la pointe au bas du corps; il abaiſſe pareillement la ſienne, en conduiſant la pointe avec le bras eſtendu environ la hauteur de la teſte de ſon contraire, pour le bleſſer derechef avec la droite ligne, en l’eſaule. Mais la voyant couverte de la garde, à l’inſtant il deſtourne ſon coſté droit un peu en dehors, avec les pointes des deux pieds en devant, & quelque retirade du pied droit, & de a partie inferieure du meſme coſté, panchant d’autant plus en avant de la partie ſuperieure. ce qui luy fait deſcendre au meſme inſtant le bras, & la garde ſur la lame cōtraire; & en continuant à l’abaiſſe d’avantage, luy preſte la commodité de bleſſer ſon Contraire au viſage: ainſi qu’on voit en la figure.
 
|Le commencement de ceſte operation eſt de meſme, que la precedente: aſſavoir, que les deux contraires eſtās venus à meſure de la Premiere Inſtance, <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Zacharie</font> a tiré ſur <font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> une feinte en dedans du bras: laquelle à pareillement eſté recontrée, comme au Cercle 9. mais la difference conſiſte en l’eſtocade & en la rencontre a propriée: car l’eſtocade a eſté tirée au dit Cercle 9. en abaiſſant ſi avant le bras & l’eſpee qu’il s’eſt deſcouvert luy meſme l’eſpaule, dont il ſe garde en ceſte operation preſente. Car en avançant le corps avec la cavation, pour tirer & marcher du pied droit juſqu’à la lettre R. il porte le bras un peu plus haut, de ſorte, qu’il ſe couvre l’eſpaule avec ſa garde. Parquoy ſi toſt qu’<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> apperçoit le premier trait du changement de la feinte (ayant preallablement fait ſa preparation; enſavivant le corps, eſlevant le pied droit, & eſtendant le bras avec l’eſpee, la pointe d’icelle en angle obtus, comme il a eſté deſcrit plus amplement en l’operation precedente) à l’inſtant que l’eſpee de ſa partie commence à deſcendre, pour luy aſſener la pointe au bas du corps; il abaiſſe pareillement la ſienne, en conduiſant la pointe avec le bras eſtendu environ la hauteur de la teſte de ſon contraire, pour le bleſſer derechef avec la droite ligne, en l’eſaule. Mais la voyant couverte de la garde, à l’inſtant il deſtourne ſon coſté droit un peu en dehors, avec les pointes des deux pieds en devant, & quelque retirade du pied droit, & de a partie inferieure du meſme coſté, panchant d’autant plus en avant de la partie ſuperieure. ce qui luy fait deſcendre au meſme inſtant le bras, & la garde ſur la lame cōtraire; & en continuant à l’abaiſſe d’avantage, luy preſte la commodité de bleſſer ſon Contraire au viſage: ainſi qu’on voit en la figure.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 12'''
+
|'''Circle No 12.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.12.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.12.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|''Zachary once again tries to hit his adversary in the lower body, sword-tip pointing down, with his hand held so high that he protects even his head. So, Alexander allows him to approach, moves the tip of his sword up to his adversary’s head, and realizing that it is protected, he attacks the blade to throw it aside, turning to the right side and at the same time lowering the arm and sword onto his adversary’s blade, moving up it.''
+
|''Zachary once again tries to hit his adversary in the lower body, sword-tip pointing down, with his hand held so high that he protects even his head. So, Alexander allows him to approach, moves the tip of his sword up to his adversary’s head, and realizing that it is protected, he attacks the blade to subjugate it, turning to the right side and at the same time lowering the arm and sword onto his adversary’s blade, moving up it.''
  
 
|''Zacharie tire encor derechef pour toucher ſon Contraire au bas du corps, avec la main ſi haute qu’il s’en couvre meſme la teſte, & la pointe baſſe; dont Alexandre, le laiſſant approcher, conduit ſa pointe à la hauteur de la teſte contraire, & la recognoiſſant eſtre couverte il travaille ſur ſa lame pour l’aſſujettir, en deſtournant le coſté droit du corps, & par meſe voye s’abaiſſant juſtement le bras & l’eſpee ſur l’eſpee Contraire, en la deſgradant.''
 
|''Zacharie tire encor derechef pour toucher ſon Contraire au bas du corps, avec la main ſi haute qu’il s’en couvre meſme la teſte, & la pointe baſſe; dont Alexandre, le laiſſant approcher, conduit ſa pointe à la hauteur de la teſte contraire, & la recognoiſſant eſtre couverte il travaille ſur ſa lame pour l’aſſujettir, en deſtournant le coſté droit du corps, & par meſe voye s’abaiſſant juſtement le bras & l’eſpee ſur l’eſpee Contraire, en la deſgradant.''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|Alexander has prepared against the feint, raising his right foot, straightening his body, extending his arm, and raising the tip, as previously explained in detail. As soon as he can see that his Enemy has begun to drop his blade with his body noticeably leaning forward to hit the lower part of his body, Alexander keeps his arm extended and he moves the tip of his sword up to about the level of his adversary’s head. But as he cannot see any place to hit, because his opponent has covered his head with his guard, and because the tip of his ennemy’s sword is closing with him below, he turns slightly to the outside, points his toes forward towards the Enemy, withdraws his right side, including his sword and arm, back and to the right, lowering his sword and arm by leaning with his torso, crossing his adversary’s sword and sliding up to throw it aside while controlling it by drawing his guard back towards his side as he turns the crosspiece diagonally so the outer branch is upwards.
+
|Alexander has prepared against the feint, raising his right foot, straightening his body, extending his arm, and raising the tip, as previously explained in detail. As soon as he can see that his Enemy has begun to drop his blade with his body noticeably leaning forward to hit the lower part of his body, Alexander keeps his arm extended and he moves the tip of his sword up to about the level of his adversary’s head. But as he cannot see any place to hit, because his opponent has covered his head with his guard, and because the tip of his ennemy’s sword is closing with him below, he turns slightly to the outside, points his toes forward towards the Enemy, withdraws his right side, including his sword and arm, back and to the right, lowering his sword and arm by leaning with his torso, crossing his adversary’s sword and sliding up to subjugate it while controlling it by drawing his guard back towards his side as he turns the crosspiece diagonally so the outer branch is upwards.
  
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ayant fait ſa preparation contre la feinte, en eſlevant le pied droit, & dreſſant le corps, eſtendant le bras, & hauſſant la pointe, en la maniere qu’il eſt ſpecifié plus amplement és autres operations: dés qu’il remarque, que l’Ennemi commence à deſcendre ſa lame avec un notable approchement du corps, pour frapper en la partie inferieure, laiſſant le bras eſtendu, il conduit ſa pointe d’en haut juſques environ la hauteur de la teſte contraire: mais comme il ne voit point d’apparence de la toucher, à cauſe qu’elle eſt converte de la garde, & que la pointe ennemie le vient ſerrer par en bas, il s’en deſtourne un peu en dehors dreſſant les orteils de ſes deux pieds en devāt droit devers l’Ennemi, en retirant par ainſi le coſté droit, enſemble le bras & l’eſpee en arriere un peu à coſté, les abaiſſant par le moyen du panchement de la partie ſuperieure, ſur l’eſpee contraire, la croiſant & deſgraduant pour l’aſſujettir & domter parfaitment, en retirant le bras avec la garde à ſon coſté, ſes branches tournées diagonalement.
 
|<font style="font-variant:small-caps">Alexandre</font> ayant fait ſa preparation contre la feinte, en eſlevant le pied droit, & dreſſant le corps, eſtendant le bras, & hauſſant la pointe, en la maniere qu’il eſt ſpecifié plus amplement és autres operations: dés qu’il remarque, que l’Ennemi commence à deſcendre ſa lame avec un notable approchement du corps, pour frapper en la partie inferieure, laiſſant le bras eſtendu, il conduit ſa pointe d’en haut juſques environ la hauteur de la teſte contraire: mais comme il ne voit point d’apparence de la toucher, à cauſe qu’elle eſt converte de la garde, & que la pointe ennemie le vient ſerrer par en bas, il s’en deſtourne un peu en dehors dreſſant les orteils de ſes deux pieds en devāt droit devers l’Ennemi, en retirant par ainſi le coſté droit, enſemble le bras & l’eſpee en arriere un peu à coſté, les abaiſſant par le moyen du panchement de la partie ſuperieure, ſur l’eſpee contraire, la croiſant & deſgraduant pour l’aſſujettir & domter parfaitment, en retirant le bras avec la garde à ſon coſté, ſes branches tournées diagonalement.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|The caution, as was explained above, that one must not be hasty and retire backwards too quickly, applies likewise in this present action. Seeing as how one must lean forward and drop the hand and sword much lower than before to force the adversary’s sword aside. If one moves too early, this means the hand drops quite far down, leaving one uncovered, and with considerable danger from the outside line. Which is why it is necessary to allow the attack to come as close as possible while still being able to step back, in order to encourage him to fully commit to the thrust onto the target, so as to be more assured of meeting his blade at the end of his movement, when he can no longer defend himself against the counter, and he can no longer change his actions. This precept is repeated here, as much as the danger is even greater now than previously, so this warning becomes even more necessary.
+
|The caution, as was explained above, that one must not be hasty and retire backwards too quickly, applies likewise in this present action. Seeing as how one must lean forward and drop the hand and sword much lower than before to subjugate the adversary’s sword. If one moves too early, this means the hand drops quite far down, leaving one uncovered, and with considerable danger from the outside line. Which is why it is necessary to allow the attack to come as close as possible while still being able to step back, in order to encourage him to fully commit to the thrust onto the target, so as to be more assured of meeting his blade at the end of his movement, when he can no longer defend himself against the counter, and he can no longer change his actions. This precept is repeated here, as much as the danger is even greater now than previously, so this warning becomes even more necessary.
  
 
|Or comme il a eſté dit cy deſſus, qu’il ne ſe faut pas trop haſter de ſe retirer en arriere, ainſi le faut il pratiquer pareillement en ceſte operation preſente. Voyant qu’il eſt icy beſoing de pancher du corps en avant, avec un plus grand abaiſſement du bras & de l’eſpee qu’auparavāt, pour aſſujettir la lame contraire: choſe qui ne peut eſtre fait ſans deſcendre aſſez notablement, & ſans ſe deſcouvrir avec treſgrand danger en dehors du bras, ſi on ſe precipité à le faire devant le temps. Parquoy ſera beſoin de laiſſer venir le coup ſi pres qu’il eſt poſſible, pourveu ſeulement qu’on ne perde pas le moyen de ſe retirer, afin de luy donner occaſion de pourſuivre ſa pointe, pour l’accueillir aſſeurement ſur la fin du mouvement, quand il n’aura plus de reſerve pour ſa defenſe; tant s’en faut qu’il auroit le moyen de faire & executer de nouveaux deſſeings. Ce precepte vous eſt repeté en ce lieu cy; d’autant que le danger y eſtant plus grand qu’au paravant, auſſi l’advertiſſement en eſtoit plus neceſſaire.
 
|Or comme il a eſté dit cy deſſus, qu’il ne ſe faut pas trop haſter de ſe retirer en arriere, ainſi le faut il pratiquer pareillement en ceſte operation preſente. Voyant qu’il eſt icy beſoing de pancher du corps en avant, avec un plus grand abaiſſement du bras & de l’eſpee qu’auparavāt, pour aſſujettir la lame contraire: choſe qui ne peut eſtre fait ſans deſcendre aſſez notablement, & ſans ſe deſcouvrir avec treſgrand danger en dehors du bras, ſi on ſe precipité à le faire devant le temps. Parquoy ſera beſoin de laiſſer venir le coup ſi pres qu’il eſt poſſible, pourveu ſeulement qu’on ne perde pas le moyen de ſe retirer, afin de luy donner occaſion de pourſuivre ſa pointe, pour l’accueillir aſſeurement ſur la fin du mouvement, quand il n’aura plus de reſerve pour ſa defenſe; tant s’en faut qu’il auroit le moyen de faire & executer de nouveaux deſſeings. Ce precepte vous eſt repeté en ce lieu cy; d’autant que le danger y eſtant plus grand qu’au paravant, auſſi l’advertiſſement en eſtoit plus neceſſaire.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|As to what we have said, that one must control and cast the adversary’s sword aside by leaning the body forward as the arm goes downwards, you must understand that while your arm moves independently, it can reach further down by leaning forward with the torso, while turning the wrist to turn the outside branch of the crosspiece diagonally upwards to the right, and the tip across the the left, to cross over the opponent’s blade, force it down and aside, while moving the point of contact up to the hilt, as indicated by the shadows on the ground of the Circle. There is nothing more important than this precept to avoid the danger of a circular disengagement, as well as in all the other possible situations that may come up. Because by observing this, as soon as the enemy begins to do anything, the arm is already free, and able to do whatever work it must to defend and attack. Which would not be done, except in the case where he is descending. Because it is impossible to raise up and to lower at the same time, nor to accomplish a two-beat move in one instant. This admonishment will be very useful on several occasions, and so it is important to understand this.
+
|As to what we have said, that one must dominate and subjugate the adversary’s sword by leaning the body forward as the arm goes downwards, it should not be taken to mean that the arm makes no move on its own to accomplish this downward motion, but only that it will be drawn further down by bending the body, meanwhile only working with a small movement of the wrist, turning the exterior branch of the crosspiece diagonally upward to the side, while the tip traverses over to the left side, to cross, subjugate, and slide the point of contact up the blade, as is shown by the shadows on the ground. Nothing more is needed, to avoid the danger of a disengage, along with any other actions that he might try to change the position. Because by observing this, as soon as the enemy begins to do anything, the arm is already free, and able to do whatever work it must to defend and attack. Which could not be, if it were already going down. Because it is impossible to raise up and to lower at the same time, nor to accomplish a two-beat move in one instant. This admonishment will be very useful on several occasions, and so it is important to understand this.
  
 
|Quant à ce que nous avons dit, qu’il faut domter & aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire, en panchant du corps ſur le devant avec deſcente du bras, cela ne ſe doibt pas entendre en telle ſorte, que le bras face aucun mouvement en ſon particulier pour accomplir la dite deſcente, ains ſeulement qu’il ſoit tiré plus bas par l’accommodation du corps, ne travaillant cependant qu’un bien peu du ſeul poignet, en tournant la branche exterieure diagonalement en haut vers le coſté droit, & la pointe traverſée vers le coſté gauche, pour croiſer, aſſujettir, & deſgraduer, comme il eſt repreſenté ſur le plan du Cercle. Pour eviter le danger de cavation, enſemble avec touts les autres changements qui pourroyent ſurvenir; il n’y a rien ſi neceſſaire que ce precepte. Car en l’observant, dés que l’ennemy commence pour peu que ce ſoit, le bras eſt deſia libre, & diſpoſé à travailler en ſon particulier pour defendre & pour offenſer. Ce qui ne ſeroit, en cas qu’il fuſt en aćte de deſcendre: car il eſt impoſſible de le hauſſer & abaiſſer tout enſemble, ny d’accomplir deux temps en un meſme inſtant. Cet advertiſſement aura fort grand uſage en pluſieurs occaſions; & partant il le faut bien comprendre.
 
|Quant à ce que nous avons dit, qu’il faut domter & aſſujettir l’eſpee contraire, en panchant du corps ſur le devant avec deſcente du bras, cela ne ſe doibt pas entendre en telle ſorte, que le bras face aucun mouvement en ſon particulier pour accomplir la dite deſcente, ains ſeulement qu’il ſoit tiré plus bas par l’accommodation du corps, ne travaillant cependant qu’un bien peu du ſeul poignet, en tournant la branche exterieure diagonalement en haut vers le coſté droit, & la pointe traverſée vers le coſté gauche, pour croiſer, aſſujettir, & deſgraduer, comme il eſt repreſenté ſur le plan du Cercle. Pour eviter le danger de cavation, enſemble avec touts les autres changements qui pourroyent ſurvenir; il n’y a rien ſi neceſſaire que ce precepte. Car en l’observant, dés que l’ennemy commence pour peu que ce ſoit, le bras eſt deſia libre, & diſpoſé à travailler en ſon particulier pour defendre & pour offenſer. Ce qui ne ſeroit, en cas qu’il fuſt en aćte de deſcendre: car il eſt impoſſible de le hauſſer & abaiſſer tout enſemble, ny d’accomplir deux temps en un meſme inſtant. Cet advertiſſement aura fort grand uſage en pluſieurs occaſions; & partant il le faut bien comprendre.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align:top;"
  
|'''Circle No 13'''
+
|'''Circle No 13.'''
  
 
|'''Cercle N.13.'''
 
|'''Cercle N.13.'''
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|This is the completion and final action from the preceding Circle. Alexander has acquired a great advantage, by having forced aside his adversary’s sword, sliding up the blade, with the outside branch of his crossguard diagonally upwards. At this point, he turns the crossguard back to horizontal and aims his tip towards his adversary’s side, underneath the guard and arm. He moves his entire body, arm, and sword forward, and seizes his adversary’s blade by trapping it with the exterior branch of his crossguard, as he slides up to the hilt, and steps with his right foot up to the letter H, putting his weight on it and drawing his other foot behind, up to the circumference. At the same time, he exploits the strike through his enemy’s body, driving forward, hitting with the guard, and forcing him to bend his arm, almost knocking his opponent’s sword from his hand, leaving his opponent at his mercy, as shown by the figures.
+
|This is the completion and final action from the preceding Circle. Alexander has acquired a great advantage, by subjugating his adversary’s sword, sliding the point of contact along the blade, and turning the outside branch of his crossguard diagonally upwards. At this point, he turns the crossguard back to horizontal and moves his tip towards his adversary’s side, underneath the guard and arm. He moves his entire body, arm, and sword forward, and seizes his adversary’s blade by trapping it with the exterior branch of his crossguard, as he slides up to the hilt, and steps with his right foot up to the letter H, putting his weight on it and drawing his other foot behind, up to the circumference. At the same time, he exploits the strike through his enemy’s body, driving forward, hitting with the guard, and forcing him to bend his arm, almost knocking his opponent’s sword from his hand, leaving his opponent at his mercy, as shown by the figures.
  
 
|Ceſt la pourſuite & l’execution du precedent. Car Alexandre s’eſtant acquis un ſi grand avantage, comme d’avoir aſſujetti l’eſpee contraire, avec deſgraduation, & accomodation de la branche exterieure dreſſée diagonalement en haut: il retourne icy ſes branches horizontales, & ſa poinćte devers le coſté de l’ennemy deſſoubs la garde & le bras, s’avançant tout le corps enſemble avec bras & l’eſpee, & prenant ſubitement avec ſa branche exterieure la lame contraire, en la graduant. & portant le pied droit juſqu’à la lettre H. en menant la charge du corps deſſus, & trainant l’autre par terre juſqu’à la circonference; & au meſme temps il exploite le coup de ſa poinćte à travers le corps de l’ennemy, ſi avant qu’il vient choquer ſa garde, & le contraint de plier le bras, & de laiſſer quaſi tomber l’eſpee hors du poing, à la mercy de ſon Contraire. Comme les figures demonſtrent.
 
|Ceſt la pourſuite & l’execution du precedent. Car Alexandre s’eſtant acquis un ſi grand avantage, comme d’avoir aſſujetti l’eſpee contraire, avec deſgraduation, & accomodation de la branche exterieure dreſſée diagonalement en haut: il retourne icy ſes branches horizontales, & ſa poinćte devers le coſté de l’ennemy deſſoubs la garde & le bras, s’avançant tout le corps enſemble avec bras & l’eſpee, & prenant ſubitement avec ſa branche exterieure la lame contraire, en la graduant. & portant le pied droit juſqu’à la lettre H. en menant la charge du corps deſſus, & trainant l’autre par terre juſqu’à la circonference; & au meſme temps il exploite le coup de ſa poinćte à travers le corps de l’ennemy, ſi avant qu’il vient choquer ſa garde, & le contraint de plier le bras, & de laiſſer quaſi tomber l’eſpee hors du poing, à la mercy de ſon Contraire. Comme les figures demonſtrent.
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|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="font-family: times, serif; vertical-align:top;"
  
|To summarize, these are examples which show the great utility of our First Instance, and of the direct line posture when presented from this distance. One is fortified against all sorts of feints, and assured against all strikes, whether long and determined, or tentative and slow, high or low, made from a direct line or a bent line, on the inside or outside of the arm, to meet probes in one beat, and attacks in two beats, sometimes with the body erect, sometimes bent slightly forward or backwards, always striking with with small movements, which have more force than they seem, with more audacity and assurance than one thinks possible, quite the reverse of what we see in the typical styles. If you were to tell me that it appears effortless to achieve a high degree of skill, I would answer that nothing in life worth having comes easily. In any case, I can assure anyone who has not yet acquired the skills, that the more they put these precepts to the test, the more prefect they will become. Because, just as gold purified in a furnace acquires greater luster, so with our exercises. When looked at closely, examined, attentively inspected, practiced, with each repetition they will appear more elegant and beautiful. Careful and thorough exploration of these techniques will show they do not depend in any way on chance; there is no uncertainty in their execution. There is only the rules of science in their perfection. Any amateur, if he is capable, will find in them courage and confidence in the use of arms, and what he lacks in strength, he will soon make up for in dexterity.
+
|To summarize, these are examples which show the great utility of our First Instance, and of the direct line posture when presented from there. One is fortified against all sorts of feints, and assured against all strikes, whether long and determined, or tentative and slow, high or low, made from a direct line or a bent line, on the inside or outside of the arm, to meet probes in one beat, and attacks in two beats, sometimes with the body erect, sometimes bent slightly forward or backwards, always striking with with small movements, which have more force than they seem, with more audacity and assurance than one thinks possible, quite the reverse of what we see in the usual style. If you were to tell me that there does not appear to be an easy way acquire sufficient skill to use this effectively, I would answer that nothing in life worth having comes without effort. In any case, I have made certain of the well-being of those who have not yet any ability, insofar as they put these precepts to the test. Because, just as gold purified in a furnace acquires greater luster, so with our exercises, that, when looked at closely, examined, attentively inspected, and practiced, with each repetition will appear more elegant and beautiful. When one conducts thorough research into these truths and their meaning, one will see they do not depend in any way on chance. The uncertainty of fortune does not appear anywhere. There is only the rules of science that dominate, in such a perfect way that any amateur who applies himself, will gain courage and confidence in his skill at arms, and the certainty and dexterity in their use which, when lacking, leave him weak and vulnerable.
  
 
|En fin, voilà les exemples, qui demonſtrent le grand uſage de noſtre Premiere Inſtance, & de la droite ligne preſentée en icelle: fortifiée contre toute ſorte de feintes, aſſeurée contre toutes bottes, tant longues & reſolues, que tardives & lentes, hautes, baſſes, tirées en ligne droite ou courbe, en dehors ou en dedans du bras, pour rencontrer otes en un temps & ores en deux, tantoſt avec le corps dreſſé, tantoſt un peu courbe en avant ou en arriere, en donnant touſiours le coup avec des petits mouvements, qui ont plus de force, que d’apparance, & en faiſant l’execution avec les plus hardis & aſſeurez, qu’il eſt poſsible, au rebours de ce que la Pratique vulgaire en monſtre. Si vous me dites, qu’il n’y a pas grande apparence de venir aiſement à ceſte perfećtion d’en monſtrer les effets; ſachez pour reſponſe, que tout ce qui eſt louable ne s’acquiert ordinairement, qu’à grand travail. toutesfois, je m’aſſeure encores pour le regard de ceux qui n’en auront encores nulle habitude, que d’autant plus qu’ils mettront les preceptes à l’eſpreuve, d’autant plus y trouveront ils de perfećtion. Car ainſi que l’or eſtant mis à la fournaiſe, en reçoit un plus grand luſtre, par l’approbation de ſa pureté; tout de meſme nos inſtrućtions, eſtants regardées de pres, examinées, contrerollées, pratiquées, & repetées en paroiſtront touſiours plus belles. Car quand on aura fait une digne recerche de leur Verité, & de leur importance, on verra que l’incertitude de la fortune n’y a nulle part, & que les ſeules regles de la ſcience y dominent en telle perfećtion, quel Amateur, qui s’en ſera rendu capable, empruntera meſme le courage & l’aſſeurance des armes, qui manque à la foibleſſe des ſes forces de la certitude & dexterité de leur uſage.
 
|En fin, voilà les exemples, qui demonſtrent le grand uſage de noſtre Premiere Inſtance, & de la droite ligne preſentée en icelle: fortifiée contre toute ſorte de feintes, aſſeurée contre toutes bottes, tant longues & reſolues, que tardives & lentes, hautes, baſſes, tirées en ligne droite ou courbe, en dehors ou en dedans du bras, pour rencontrer otes en un temps & ores en deux, tantoſt avec le corps dreſſé, tantoſt un peu courbe en avant ou en arriere, en donnant touſiours le coup avec des petits mouvements, qui ont plus de force, que d’apparance, & en faiſant l’execution avec les plus hardis & aſſeurez, qu’il eſt poſsible, au rebours de ce que la Pratique vulgaire en monſtre. Si vous me dites, qu’il n’y a pas grande apparence de venir aiſement à ceſte perfećtion d’en monſtrer les effets; ſachez pour reſponſe, que tout ce qui eſt louable ne s’acquiert ordinairement, qu’à grand travail. toutesfois, je m’aſſeure encores pour le regard de ceux qui n’en auront encores nulle habitude, que d’autant plus qu’ils mettront les preceptes à l’eſpreuve, d’autant plus y trouveront ils de perfećtion. Car ainſi que l’or eſtant mis à la fournaiſe, en reçoit un plus grand luſtre, par l’approbation de ſa pureté; tout de meſme nos inſtrućtions, eſtants regardées de pres, examinées, contrerollées, pratiquées, & repetées en paroiſtront touſiours plus belles. Car quand on aura fait une digne recerche de leur Verité, & de leur importance, on verra que l’incertitude de la fortune n’y a nulle part, & que les ſeules regles de la ſcience y dominent en telle perfećtion, quel Amateur, qui s’en ſera rendu capable, empruntera meſme le courage & l’aſſeurance des armes, qui manque à la foibleſſe des ſes forces de la certitude & dexterité de leur uſage.

Revision as of 22:18, 26 June 2018

Gérard Thibault d'Anvers
Born 1574
Died 1629
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality Dutch
Movement La Verdadera Destreza
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language French
Notable work(s) Academie de l'Espée (1630)

Gérard Thibault d'Anvers (ca. 1574–1629)[1] was a 17th century Dutch fencing master and author of the 1628 rapier manual Academie de l'Espée, one of the most detailed and elaborate sources ever written on fencing. Details about Thibault's life are sparse and what we know is based on his book and his album amicorum.[2] The latter contains handwritten notes and celebratory poems from Thibault's friends, relatives, pupils, and colleagues, included among whom are several contemporary fencing masters.[3]

Thibault was born in or around 1574 in Antwerp, son of Hendrick Thibaut and Margaretha van Nispen.[4] Although his father used the surname "Thibaut," Gérard used the French form "Thibault."[4] Hendrick Thibaut came from a well-known family in Ypres, living in Ghent and Antwerp before going into exile in the northern Netherlands.[4] Henrick's eldest son, Christiaen, founded the noble family Thibaut van Aegtekerke.[5]

Thibault first studied swordsmanship in Antwerp under Lambert van Someron, who taught between the years of 1564 and 1584.[6] In 1605, Thibault was a wool merchant in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, south of Seville on the Guadalquivir river, and the hometown of Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza.[2] There, he took an interest in swordsmanship, studying the Spanish rapier system of Destreza.[2]

Thibault left Spain to return to the Netherlands, and was in Amsterdam as early as 1610.[2] In or around 1611, he presented his system to an assembly of Dutch masters at a competition in Rotterdam.[7] Thibault won first prize, earning an invitation to the court of Prince Maurice of Nassau, where the Prince observed Thibault's system in a multi-day demonstration.[6]

Although initially met with skepticism, Thibault convinced his fellow Dutch fencing masters, including Johannes Damius of Haarlem, Dirck van Stervergen of Leiden, Cornelis Cornelisz van Heusden of Amsterdam, and Thibault's former teacher Lambert von Someron.[6] In 1615, Thibault was invited to the court at Cleves and left Amsterdam, where he once again demonstrated his system successfully.[8] Over the next several years, Thibault traveled from Cleves, Amsterdam, to Spain, back to Amsterdam, and finally to Leiden in 1622.[9] There, Thibault studied mathematics at Leiden University.[10] It is unclear whether Thibault taught his system at the university.[10] It is during his time in Leiden that Thibault likely began working on Academie de l'Espée and employed a team of sixteen master engravers.[11]

Thibault died in 1629, a year before his masterpiece was finally published (despite the date on the title page of 1628, it was not published until 1630).[12]

Treatise

The Academie de l'Espée (1630) is presented in three parts, a short introduction, populated with plates showing the coats of arms of several nobles who were prominent in and around the court of the low countries at the time he wrote this book, Book 1, which deals with training in the use of his system of swordplay, and Book 2 which shows how to use his system against other systems and weapons, including shields, longsword, and firearms.

Thibault, as he explains in Plate 8, uses the term estocade to describe a thrust to the near, right side, and the term imbrocade to describe a thrust to the far, left side, from the Italian terms stoccata and imbroccata.

The plates uploaded to WikTenauer are sufficient, but if anyone wishes to see very high definition images, they can be found on [www.geheugenvannederland.nl]. Search on Girard Thibault.

Additional Resources

References

  1. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.288, 297
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.289
  3. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.297
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.288
  5. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.288-289
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.290
  7. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.289-290
  8. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.294
  9. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.294-296
  10. 10.0 10.1 de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) p.296
  11. de la Verwey, Herman Fontaine. "Gerard Thibault and his Academie de l'Espée," Quaerendo VIII (1978) pp.296, 310
  12. Thibault, Gérard. Academy of the Sword. Trans. John Michael Greer. Highland Park, TX: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2006. pp 1-2.