Paulus Hector Mair/Grappling

Source Images	Images	Draft Translation by Per Magnus Haaland	Dresden Version II (1550s) by Pierre-Henry Bas	Vienna Version II (1550s) [German]	Vienna Version II (1550s) [Latin]	Munich Version I (1550s) by Per Magnus Haaland	Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545)
		Here follows the traverse wrestling techniques	[126v] Hernachuolgt wie Man ausz der. zwirch Rinngen soll.			[301r] Nunc sequuntur habitus quibus docetur transversim colluctari.
		The first When you wrestle with someone with outstreched arms, break free with one arm and reach out towards his leg as if you wanted to pull it towards you, and as he then sees it and pulls back his foot, then reach after his leg with the arm extended, and step with your foot behind him in the traverse, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.	Die erst zwirch Item Rinngstu Mit ainem. Im lanngen arm. so prich Im ausz mit ainner hannd. vnnd far Im nach dem fuosz als du Inn auf wollest zucken. so zeucht er den fuosz hinndersich vnnd fleucht damit so gee dem fuosz nach. mit dem arm. vnnd trit mit deinnem fuosz hinnder In Inn die zwirch so wirfstu In auf den Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Si cum aliquo colluctaris brachio porrecto, alteram manum removeas, eaque correpto ipsius hostis pede quasi tollere eundem velis simulato, verum si id observarit, pedem retrahet, tu igitur brachio porrecto pedem sequitor, atque pede tuo retro ipsum transgreditor transversim et ea ratione supinum hostem prosternes. Is habitus utrinque formari potest.
		The second traverse Execute the second traverse thus: if you wrestle your opponent with outstreched arms, then quickly break loose with your right, and reach with it under his left arm. Then, step behind his right foot with your right foot, and throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.	Die annder zwirch Item die annder Zwirch treyb allso. wann du mit ainnem Rinngst Inn lanngen armen. so prich Im ausz [127r] mit dem rechten arm. vnnd far Im Durch sein linncke Vchsen. vnnd far mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinn fuosz. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Secundus antecedentis habitus Eum habitum hoc modo exerceto: si cum adversario ex porrectis brachiis colluctaris, dextram confestim evellas, eamque per axillam sinistram transmittas. Inde dextrum pedem pedi ipsius dextro postponas, atque ea ratione supinum hostem sternes. Etiam is habitus utrinque formari potest.
		The third traverse Is done thus: when you wrestle with your opponent with outstreched arms (or long arms as we call it), then break free with your right arm and lean forward upon him holding his arms with both your hands, and turn away from him so that you get your opponent on your back, and throw him on his back. This can be done from both sides.	Die dritt zwirch Item die drit Zwirch treib also wann du mit lanngen armen rinngst mit ainnem. so prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd hallt dich fast fursich vnnd halt seinnen arm mit baiden hennden. vnnd reid dich vonn Im. so wirffstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			[301v] Tercius habitus ex transverso Id hoc modo usurpato: cum colluctaris cum adversario porrectis vel longus(ut nos vocamus) brachiis, dextrum brachium exeras, pronumque te exhibeas, eius brachium alterum utraque manu contineas. Inde si te ab hoste converteris, in dorsum tuum hostem assumis. Is itidem habitus ex utroque latere procedit.
		The fourth traverse The fourth is executed thus: when you wrestle with your opponent with extended arms, then break free with your right arm and pull him around and towards you a little, then step with your right foot behind his right, then put your right elbow under his right arm, you may throw him on his back. This can be done from both sides.	Die viert zwirch Item die viert Zwirch treib also wann du mit ainnem Rinngst zu lanngen armen. so prich Im auf mit dem [127v] Rechten Arm vnnd gee. ain Weil mit Im vmb. vnnd gehlinng so sprinng mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinnen rechten. vnnd mit dem rechten Elenpogen vnnder sein Rechten Vchsen. so wirfstu In. auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Quartus habitus Eam formam hac ratione exerceto: si cum hoste extentis brachiis luctaris, dextrum rursus liberato brachium, eumque paululum pro tuo arbitratu tractes, sed subito pedem dextrum resiliendo pedi ipsius dextro postponito. Tum si dextrum cubitum dextrae hostis axillae supposueris supinum prosternes. Hoc itidem utrinque formatur.
		The fifth traverse Is executed thus: break loose with your right arm and turn around with him a little, and then quickly pull him towards you, and lift your right arm as high as you can, and reach over his right arm around his back adn step behind him with your right foot and sweep him with the knee, then you will throw him on his back.	Das funnfft Zwirch Item die Funnfft Zwirch treib allso prich Im ausz mit deinnem Rechten arm. vnnd ger ain weil mit Im vmb vnnd gehlinng. so zuckh In an dich vnnd gee hoch auf mit deinnem Rechten arm oben vber seinn rechten arm. vmb seinnen rucken. vnnd trit mit dem Rechten fuosz hinnder In. vnnd tauch In mit dem knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.			Quintus Brachium dextrum rursus evellas, paulisperque adversarium tractes, verum de repente eum adtrahito atque quantum poteris altissime dextrum brachium eleves. Idem superiniicias hostis dextro circum dorsum ipsius. Si inde ei postposueris dextrum pedem atque genu ipsum perpuleris resupinum hostem deiicies.
		The sixth traverse Is done thus: free your right arm and go around him a little, and push him away hard. Then quickly pull him towards you, and put your right hand on the outside of his right knee, put your right shoulder on his right arm, lower him down, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.	Die sechste zwirch Item die sechste zwirch treib allso. prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd gee ain weill mit Im vmb. vnnd scheub Inn [128r] starckh vonn dir. vnnd zuckh Gehlingen an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie vnnd fall Im mit der Rechten achsel Inn seinen rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken das geet zu baiden seitten.			[302r] Sextus Dextrum rursus etiam hoc habitu liberabis, pariterque ratione paulisper ut superius hostem tractes, et post totis viribus eum propellas, verum subito praeter ipsius opinionem ipsum attrahito. Inde manum dextram superimponas ipsius genu externe. Humerum vero dextrum adiungas brachio ipsius hostis dextro, deorsum si demiseris resupinum prosternes adversarium. Etiam is habitus utrinque exerceri poterit.
		The seventh traverse As before, break free with your right arm, and push your opponent away from you forcefully, then quickly pull him towards you, put your right hand on the outside of his right knee and put your right shoulder under his right arm and push him down to the ground, that way you will throw him to the ground.	Die sibent Zwirch. Item die sibent Zwirch treib also. prich Im ausz mit deinnem rechten arm. vnnd scheub In starckh von dir. vnnd zuckh In gehlinng an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie. vnnd fall Im mit der rechten achsel Inn seinnen Rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.			Septimus Etiam in hoc congressu mutuo dextrum brachium liberes, post si hostem pro viribus pepulisti, de repente inopinantem rursum ad te attrahas, atque manum dextram genu ipsius adversarii dextro externe superimponas, nec non humerum dextrum brachio dextro supposueris, tum etiam deorsum demiseris, resupinus hostis concidet.
		The scales If someone goes down into the scales and hinders you to do any traverse technique mentioned above, then break free your right arm, and make a lock-hold on his right arm. Then, if you pull him backwards, you will break his arm. Even this can be done on both sides.	Die wag Item setzt sich ainner Inn die wag. vnnd will dich Inn kain zwirch kumen lassen. so prich. [128v] Im ausz mit deinnem rechten. arm. Vnnd henng Im den hagcken an seinnen rechten arm. vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. so prichst du Im den arm. ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.			Librae Habitus Si quis se in libram composuerit, neque concedit, ut superiorum habituum aliquo utaris, tum dextrum brachium evellas, atque brachium dextrum intercludas hosti. Inde si retrorsum traxeris, brachium infringes. Id etiam utrinque exercebis.
		Another wrestling When you wrestle with someone and you both hold each other with straight arms, then grab with your left hand on his left wrist, and twist it around, and grab his right elbow with your right hand and step forward with the right foot, you break his arm. This can also be done from the other side.	Ainn annders Rinngen. Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem gleych fassens Inn lanngen armen. so greiff Im mit deiner linncken hannd Inn seinn linncke Inn das glennckh vnd. reib Ims vmb vnnd greiff Im mit deinner Rechten hand an seinnen Rechten Elennpogen. vnnd trit In fur mit deinnem rechten fuosz. so prichstu Im den Arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten.			[302v] Aliud luctae genus Si pari certamine extentis brachiis cum aliquo concertes, tum manu sinistra iuncturam manus itidem sinistrae adversarii corripito, eamque circumflectas, tum vero dextram dextro ipsius cubito adiicias, et inde eum dextro pede praecesseris, brachium hostis praedictum infringes. Utrinque et hoc exerceas.
		When wrestling with extended arms When you wrestle with someone with extended arms, then lower yourself into the scale, and do not let him get under you. If he then tries to grapple after a traverse, then grab his elbow push him from you, and step in front of him with one foot, then you will throw him on face first. This can be executed on both sides as well.	Inn lanngen Armen zu Rinngen. [129r] Item rinngstu Mit ainnem. Inn lanngen armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd lasz In mit vnnder dich. greifft er dir dann oben nach ainner zwirch so greyff Inn bald nach seinnem Elennpogen. vnnd tauch In vonn dir vnnd trit mit ainnem fuosz fur In. so wirfstu In auf das maul. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten.			Colluctatio extentis brachiis Cum collucteris cum aliquo brachiis porrectis, in libram te deorsum demittas, et curabis ne subprimaris vel succumbas. Si igitur adversarius superne te transversim corripere conetur, tum subito ipsius cubitum tu adprehendito, atque abs te illum removeto. Ipsum deinde altero pede antecedas, atque ex ea compositione pronum deiicies. Id utrinque exerceas.
		When wrestling with someone who is stronger than you. When you are wrestling with someone who is strong and is not able to do any good techniques, then make sure as soon as you get free of him, strike with your inward turned arm on his inward turned arm from the outside, and underneath you grip his left leg, that way you break his arm. This can be executed on both sides.	Mitt starcken zu Rinngen. Item Rinngstu Mitt ainnem starcken vnnd magst Inn kain stuckh oder zwirch kumen. so prich Im ausz vnnd schlag Im mit deinnem ewichen arm aussen auf seinnen ewichen arm. vnnden nach seinnem linncken fuosz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.			Habitus et admonitio, si cum forti lucteris Si cum forti luctaris, et tu nullo excellenti habitu uti poteris, tum curato ut te quamprimum liberes, brachio tuo inverso ipsius item brachium concutias externe, inferne autem appetas sinistrum pedem, atque ea ratione brachium ipsius infringes. Etiam id utrinque procedit.
		Note If you wrestle someone with outstretched arms and he will not let you do any traverse technique, then break free from him and walk around him a bit, and then push him forcefully and then quickly pull him towards you, and put your head in under his right arm, and reach with your right arm around his right foot and lift him up.	[129v] Ainn notta Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem Inn lanngen armen. vnnder will dich Inn kain zwirch lassen. so prich Im ausz vnd gee ain weil mit Im vmb vnd tauch In fast zu ruckh vnnd gehlinng zuckh an dich vnnd far Im mit deinnem kopff durch seinnen rechten Arm. vnnd mit deinnem rechten arm durch sein rechten fuosz. vnnd heb In auf.			[303r] Notabile Quum luctaris cum aliquo ex longis brachiis, vetetque quo minus transverso utaris, tum quamprimum poteris liberabis te, hostem aliquantisper tentabis. Inde si vehementi actu retrorsum egeris, inopinantem attrahas, sub brachio ipsius dextro transmittas caput tuum, brachium vero dextrum pedi hostis itidem dextro circuminiicias, atque eum tollas.
		If anyone has grabbed hold of you as described above, then pull your foot far away from you and lay on top of him and make yourself heavy, while you make sure he cannot reach any of your feet. Then, if you turn around with him you throw him to the ground.	Item so dich ainner Also gefast hat. als vor. so reckh die fuosz hinnden weitt hindan vonn dir. vnnd leg dich oben auf In. vnnd schwer dich nider zu der Erden. vnnd hiet das Er dir kainnen fuosz ergreyff. vnnd lauf fast vmb mit Im. so wirfstu In nider			Sin autem quispiam pari ratione te corripuerit ut ante, tum pedes tuos longissime retrorsum porrigas, atque superne te in eum reiicias, curabis etiam ea compositione ut illi sis onerosus deorsum te demittens. In primis autem cavebis, ne adversarius alterum pedem corripiat. Inde si te circumvertas, deorsum hostem praecipitas.
		Another If your opponent lays himself on top of you in above mentioned way, then grab around both his arms firmly, turn around behind his back, and extend your legs far, and you will throw him on his back. This technique can be executed on both sides.	[130r] Notta Item so sich ainner Allso auf dich legt. so fasz Im seinne baid arm. zusamen. vnnd halts Im fast vnnd winnd dich hinder Im vmb an den rucken vnnd reckh dich mit den fuessen lanng hindan. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.			Aliud Si adversarius pari modo se in superne reiecerit, cum brachium ipsius utrunque simul complectitor, firmiterque contineto. Inde te convertas retro ipsum atque pedes longe porrigas. Ea igitur ratione hostem prosternes resupinum. Idque utrinque exerceri potest.
		Another When your opponent lays himself on top of you so heavily that you cannot free yourself from him, then grab hold around both his arms as hard as you can. Then quickly stoop down and thrust your head into his stomach with all your might, and throw him face first over your back thus.	Ein annders Item legt sich ainner Allso schwer auf dich. das du dich ausz Im nit winnden magst. so fasz Im seine baid arm. vnnd heb Ims starckh vnnd setz gehlinng nider auf den sackh. setz. vnnd setz Im das haupt starckh Inn den bauch. so wirfstu In vber den rucken ausz. auf das angesicht			[303v] Alia forma Quum hostis rursum se in te reiiciat tanto pondere, ut nequeas ab ipso liberari, tum brachios ipsius utrumque complectitor, et quam fortissime poteris ea contineto. Inde si subito demittas, atque caput ventri adplicaris totis viribus, hostem per dorsum praecipitabis ut pronus concidat.
		When wrestling with equal holds When you wrestle with someone out of equal holds, then lower your self into the scales, but do not close your arms, as you will use them. When your opponent then wants to lift you up with force, then wait until he lower himself down and bends the knee, then sweep it with your own knee from outside, and you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.	[130v] Mitt gleych fassen Item Rinngstu mit Ainem gleych fassens. Inn den armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd schleusz deinne arm nit zu. das du sy prauchen migst. wann dich ainner dann mit gewalt hebe will. so wart wenn Er sich nider sennckt. nach der krafft vnnd die knie beugt so stosz Im mit deinnem knie aussen an sein knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten.			Habitus mutuae correptionis Si cum quopiam colluctaris ex mutua correptione, te deorsum in libram demittas. Nolito autem brachia tua concludere, ut queas iis uti si opus fuerit. Cum igitur continere vi adversarius continetur accurate animadvertas, si is se demiserit, genua flectens ut altero genu tuo ipsius item genu externe concutias, atque ea ratione eum supinum prosternes. Is etiam habitus utrinque formatur.
		Knee sweep If someone has swept your knee as described above, so that you must fall, then make sure to hold firmly with your right arm, and stretch out your leg far underneath, and throw your self forcefully and put the left hand on the ground. That way you will throw your opponent over you. This technique is called withfall, and the third foot, and it can be done on both sides.	Knie stossen Item so ainner Also das knie stost. das du fallen must. so halt dich starckh mit deinnem rechten arm. vnd reckh die fuosz vnnden lanng hinnausz. vnnd schwing dich Im fall starckh zu der erden. vnnd fall mit der linncken hand hinder In auf die erden. so wirfstu In vber dich auf. vnnd haist das mitfallen vnnd der drit fusz vnnd geet z_ von baiden seitten.			Ratio impellendi genua Quum quispiam eo modo genu impulerit, ita ut concidere te oporteat, curabis ut brachio dextro firmiter insistas, atque inferne pedes longe porrigas. Tum in ipso casu te deorsum vi deiicias, manus sinistra retro hostem humum contingat, et ea ratione hostem sublevabis. Is igitur habitus utrinque exercetur.
		If you wrestle a strong opponent If you wrestle with someone strong in equal holds, and he lifts you up hard, then grab behind his chin with your left hand and push him from you. As soon as lets go of you, grab his wrist with your right hand and step forward with your right foot, that way you will throw him as well as break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.	[131r] Mitt ainnem starcken Item rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken. gleych fassens. vnnd er hebt dich mit gwallt vber die Erden. so greife Im mit der linncken hannd hinder seinnen kinpacken vnnd tauch In fast von dir. vnnd alszbald er dir auf last geen. so greiff mit deiner rechten hannd Inn das gelaich. vnnd tritt mit deinnem Rechten fusz fur In. so wirfstu In vnnd prichst Im den arm ab vnd geet von baide seitte.			[304r] Si cum forti aliquo colluctaris, qua ratione utendum Si cum aliquo forti luctaris, mutuoque vos corripuistis, atque vi continuerit te, tum manu sinistra maxillam illius adprehendito, eumque repellas abs te. Sed quamprimum is aperuerit, iuncturam ipsius dextra manu subito corripias. Post adversarium dextro pede antecedas, et ea ratione ipsum prosternis, pariterque brachium ipsius disrumpis. Eum habitum utrinque exercere poteris.
		Another When your opponent is holding you in the same manner, and has both arms closed together, and is about to step forward, then grab your right hand with your left, and pull it forward, then you break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.	Notta Item wann dich ainner allso gefasst hatt Vnd baid arm Inn ainannder geschlossen hat. vnnd mit dem fusz fur will tretten. so greyff bald mit deinner rechten hannd In dein lincke vnnd zeuch fast herfur wartz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten.			Aliud Quum adversarius pari ratione te comprehenderit, et utrumque brachium intercluserit, nec non altero pede antecedere te conabitur, tum subito dextra manu tuam sinistram corripito. Inde si pro viribus anteversum protraxeris, brachium disrumpas licebit. Is itidem habitus utrinque exercetur.
		Another wrestling technique When you are wrestling someone on equal holds, then note that as soon as he wants to pull you towards him or press you, you grab hold of his right arm with both of yours, and put your shoulder under his right arm. If he then wants to pull you over with force, then make sure that you grab hold of one of his legs. This can be done on both sides.	[131v] Ainn annders Ringen Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken gleych fassens. so wart wann er dich will zu Im tauchen. oder trucken. das du Im seinnen rechten arm mit deinnen baiden armen fassest. vnnd setz Im dein achsel starckh hinder sein rechten. Vchsen. Inn die Fast. will er dich dann mit gwallt vberdrinngen. so wart das du Im ainnen fuosz ergreiffest. das geet von baiden seitten.			Alia luctae species Si cum quopiam forti colluctaris pari correptione accurate observabis, si adversarius te adtrahere conetur vel comprimere ut ipsius dextrum brachium utroque brachio comprehendas, atque humerum tuum [304v] retro axillam adversarii dextram adiungas. Si igitur vi te coartando vincere conabitur, diligenter curato ut ipsius alterum pedem corripias. Id utrinque procedit.
		What to do if someone is too strong If your opponent is stronger than you, and is about to lift one of your legs up forcefully, then put your leg around his leg. If someone on the other hand has closed his leg around yours, then lift up his foot and pull it towards you. If you then sweep his free leg with your closed legs, he will fall backwards. This can be done on the other side as well.	So dir ainner zu Starckh ist. Item ist dir ainner zu starckh vnnd will dir ainnen fusz mit gwallt aufheben so schleusz Im ainnen hacken. so dir ainner den hagcken einscheust. so heb In oben zu dir. vnnd heb In auf. vnd schlag In mit den geschlossnen fuessen. an sein ledigen fusz. so fellt er an Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Instructio si quispiam te fortior tecum colluctetur, qua ratione sit utendum. Si adversarius te fortior vi conetur alterum pedem tuum attollere, cum ipsum intercludas. Idem si ab hoste tibi contingat, superne ipsum versus te attrahas, atque subleves. Inde si conclusis pedibus, pedem ipsius liberum concusseris, resupinum concidet. Utrinque etiam is habitus procedit.
		Worth noting If you wrestle with someone who is stronger than you, make sure above all that you hook his leg well, and thrust him backwards, and then pull him towards you again, then sweep the leg you hooked, and you will then throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.	[132r] Notta Item Rinngstu mit ainem Vor dir zu starckh ist. so besich. das du Im In den hacken komest. vnnd zeuch In. fast hinndersich vnnd du In herzu brinngst. so ruckh Im den gehagckten fuosz herfur. so wirfstu In an den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Notabile Si cum adversario colluctaris qui te viribus praestet. In primis curato ut ipsum intercludas, eumque retrorsum agas. Si autem eum attraxeris, pedem interclusum ipsius protrahas, supinum ex ea ratione eum deiicies. Utrinque item et hoc formatur.
		About the leg hook When you wrestle with a strong opponent, and he hooks your leg with force, then pull him towards you as hard as you can with right hand and step with your hooked leg on top of his free foot, and push him away from you above, you will throw him on his face.	Notta vonn hacken Item Rinngstu mit Ainem starcken vnnd kumpt dir mit gewallt Inn den hagcken. so ruckh. In mit der Rechten hannd starckh zu dir vnnd trit Im mit dem geschlossnen fuosz. auf seinn ledigen fuosz. vnnd truckh In oben von dir. so wirfstu In auf das maul.			[305r] De interclusione Quum colluctaris cum aliquo forti, atque te vi intercludat, tum manu dextra totis viribus eum ad te attrahas, nec non interclusum ipsius libero pedi superimponas. Inde si superne imsum removeris, pronus concidet adversarius.
		Note If someone has hooked your leg, and grabbed you by your free arm, and wants to throw you, then grab him with your lower arm from behind over his arm and push him forward, then you break his arm and throws him face first. This can be done on both sides.	[132v] Notta Item hat dir ainner Gehackt vnnd ergreifft dir deinnen ledigen arm vnnd will dich werffen. so greiff In bald mit deinnem. vnndern arm hindenher vber seinnen arm. vnnd Ruckh In herfur. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnd wirfst In auf das maul. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Notabile Si quis intercluserit te, et liberum brachium tuum corripuerit, coneturque te sternere, tum brachium inferius ipsius brachio retrorsum superiniicias atque ipsum protrahas. Eo igitur habitu brachium ipsi disrumpes, atque insuper pronum prosternes. Utrinque hoc exercetur.
		Note If you see that your opponent wants to bring you out of the leg hook, then quickly stretch out hard on him, step with the same foot before him and twist your hip into his groin and grab him with your left hand behind his leg. That way you will throw him over your back. This can be done from both sides.	Notta Item so du empfindst das dich ainner. ausz dem hagcken will prinngen. so spann dich hart Inn In. gehlingen so tritt mit dem selbigen fuosz fur In vnnd ker Im die huff Inn die schosz. vnd greiff Im mit deinner lincken hand. hinden nach dem pain. so wirfstu In vber den rucken. vnd geet zu baiden seitten.			Aliud Si animadvertis, qui adversarius ex interclusione pellere te moliatur, tunc subito te in ipsum extendas. Eodemque pede ipsum praecedas, coxam inde in gremium adplices. Post sinistra manu pedem ipsius retrorsum captato, per dorsum hostem deiicies. Item et hoc utrinque formetur.
		Another wrestling technique If your opponent is faster than you and gets both his arm underneath yours and wants to throw you over or press you down, then grab his head with both hands and thrust it up and away from you, that way you will break his neck.	Notta Item so du empfindst das dich ainner. ausz dem hagcken will prinngen. so spann dich hart Inn In. gehlingen so tritt mit dem selbigen fuosz fur In vnnd ker Im die huff Inn die schosz. vnd greiff Im mit deinner lincken hand. hinden nach dem pain. so wirfstu In vber den rucken. vnd geet zu baiden seitten.			[305v] Alia luctae effigies Cum adversarius te praevenit, atque brachium utrunque subiecerit, et corpori tuo adplicarit, inde autem sternere vel comprimere te moliatur tu manum utranque capiti adversarii imponito, atque si superne abs te urgeas retrorsum vero depresseris, ipsius collum infringes.
		A grip If your opponent grabs you with his left hand on your collar and with his right hand underneath by the jacket, then grab with your left hand in the wrist on his left hand, turn around and put your right elbow on top if his arm and press him down. That can be done on both sides.	[133r] Einn fassen Item fast dich ainner Mit seiner linncken hannd. bey dem goller vnnd mit der. rechten vnnden. bey der Jurpen. so greyfft Im mit deinner linncken hannd Inn sein glenckh vnd reib Im vmb. vnnd setz Im deinnen rechten Elenpogen oben auf sein arm. vnnd truckh Inn nider zu der erden. das geet zu baiden seitten.			Correptionis effigies Si adversarius diphteram tuam manu sinistra corripuerit, atque dextra inferne adprehenderit, tum iuncturam itidem sinistra amplectitor adversarii. Inde si retrorseris cubitum dextrum brachio ipsius superne adplices, atque deorsum supprimas. Utrinque id exerceas.
		Arm breaking technique If someone lowers his left arm and hinders you from turning around, then grab around his right arm with both your arms from below near by the wrist heave him up, that way you will break his arm. This can be done on both sides.	Arm bruch Item ob ainner den Lincken arm nider senckest. vnnd last In nit vmbreiben. so schleusz Im deine baid arm vnden vmb seinen rechten arm. nachent bey dem gelaich vnd heb In vbersich auf so prichstu Im den arm ab vnnd geet von baiden seitten.			Ratio infringendi brachii Sin autem brachium hostis demiserit sinistrum vetetque ne circumflectere possis brachium tum inferne adversarii brachium dextrum concludas utroque brachio tuo prope iuncturam. Ea ratione si sustuleris sursum, brachium ipsius infringes. Et hoc utrinque formatur.
		If someone grabs you from behind If someone embraces you behind the back while you wrestle, then quickly grab him by the hair with both your hands over your head, and throw him over your head. If you want to counter this, then grab hold of both his elbows and pull him backwards or bend your head down as far as you can, so that he cannot reach your hair.	Facht dich ainer vmb. Item vmbfacht dich ainner hinden vmb In ainer schitt oder Ringen. so greyff bald auf mit baiden henden vber dein haupt. vnnd fasz In bey dem har. so wirfstu In vber das haupt. wiltu das prechen. so ergreyff Im seine baid Elenpogen vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. oder zeuch das haupt fast hinder sich. das ers nit erlanngen mag.			[306r] Habitus cum quis te complexus fuerit Si hostis te fuerit complexus luctando, manibus celerrime sublatis utrisque in capillos involes hostis, et ea ratione per caput eum transmittere quibus. At si id destruere volueris, utrunque cubitum corripito. Retrorsum inde si urseris, vel caput tuum retrorsum vertas quantum poteris, crines tuos adprehendere nequibit.
		Note If someone holds you so firmly that you cannot reach his hair, then hit him in the face, lower yourself down quickly and step with one foot behind him, that way you will throw your opponent on his back. That can be done on both sides.	[133v] Notta Item hebt dich ainner Starckh vnd. will dich zu dem har nit kumen mugest. lassen so stosz. Im oben nach dem Maul. vnnd sennckh dich gehlinngen nider. vnd trit mit ainem fuosz hinder Inn. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnd geet von baiden seitte.			Notabile Si quis pro viribus te contineat, vetetque ne capillos adprehendere suos possis, os ipsius impellas. Inde autem de repente te demittas atque alterum pedem retro ipsum colloces, et eo modo supinum hostem prosternes. Utrinque id exercetur.
		About stepping under If someone holds you firmly and stands in the scales, and will not allow you to step underneath him, then grab him by one of his fingers, and break it loose. This however must be kept secret and never be used except in dire emergency.	Vom vndertreten Item hept dich ainner Starckh vnnd setz sich Inn die wag. vnnd will sich nit vnndertretten lassen. so fasz In bey ainem finnger. so prichstu Im den finger ausz. das soll man verporgen hallten vnndonn noth kainnem thon.			Prohibitio ne hostem inferne calcare queas Si quis te firmiter contineat, et in librae habitu se composuerit, vetueritque ne inferne ipsum calcare possis, tum digitum ipsius aliquem corripito, atque eo modo digitum eundem corrumpas. Is autem habitus occulte fiat, neque eum exerceas, nisi necessitate summa fueris coactus.
		If someone grabs around your chest If someone grabs around your chest in front of you, and has both of his arms under yours, then grab him with one hand in his collar and put one finger in his throat, then he must let go of you, and you can go under him, or throw him on his back.	Vornen vmb zu fachen Item so dich ainner vornen. Vmbfacht vnnd hat baid arm vnden. so greiff Im mit ainner hand Inn das goller. vnd stich In mit ainnem finger. Inn den hals. so muosz er dich lassen. vnd magst In dann vndertreten. vnnd auf den rucken werffen.			[306v] Habitus amplectendi anterius Quum quispiam te anterius te amplectitur, inferneque brachia tua contineat, tum diphteram adversarii corripito, atque digito collum ipsius fodias, et hinc te relinquet. Inde ipsum supprimere licebit, atque supinum prosternere.
		Note If someone has grabbed you by the collar from behind and tries to hold you or stab you, then put your left hand on top of his hand in the wrist(?) and twist it around, put your right elbow on top of his arm and thrust down, then you break his arm. This can be done from both sides.	[134r] Notta Item fast dich ainner Hinnden bey dem goller. vnnd will dich fachen oder stechen. so greyff Im mit deiner linncken hannd oben auf seinn hannd Inn das gleaich vnnd reyb Ims vmb. vnd setz Im deinnen. Rechten Elenpogen oben auf sein arm vnnd stosz nider. zu der erden. so prichstu Im dem arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten.			Notabile Si adversarius diphteram tuam adprehenderit, atque te capere vel pungere molitur, tum manum sinistram ipsius manui superimponas in iunctura. Inde eam circumflectas, dextrum brachium superne brachio eius imponito. Post si deorsum suppresseris, et ea ratione brachium hostis infringes. Utrinque et hunc habitum formabis.
		Note When someone grabs you by the collar then turn to your left, and thrust with your right hand into his elbow and step with your left foot before him, that way you will throw him on his face. This can be done on both sides.	Notta Item hept dich ainner bey dem Goller so ker dich auf dein linncken seitten. vnnd stosz In mit der rechten hannd Inn sein Elenpogen. vnnd tritt mitdeinnem linncken fuosz fur In. so stosstu In auf das Maul. das geet von baiden seitten.			Aliud Cum aliquis diphteram corripuerit tuam, te in latus sinistrum convertas, atque manu dextra cubitum adversarii impellas. Inde si sinistro pede ipsum antecesseris, pronum impulsu facto hostem deiicies. Etiam id utrinque exerceas.
		Another wrestling technique When you wrestle with someone and you notice that he is about to punch you, then move both your hands to your belly, and step towards him. When he then tries to hit you in the face, catch the punch with the open palm of your right hand, and advance on him as follows below.	Ainn Rinngen Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem vnd sichst das er dich schlagen will. so leg. deine baidhend auf den pauch. vnd gee vast auf In. schlecht er dir dann nach dem angesicht. so far auf mit deinner Rechten hannd vnnd fach den schlag In offne hand vnnd tritt Im dann ein als hernach steet.			[307r] Aliud luctae species. Si cum aliquo luctaris, et tu videris ipsum ad verberandum esse preparatum, utranque manum ventri admoveto, eaque ratione adgreditor, cum igitur faciem verberare conetur dextra manu sublata plagam hostilem manu aperta excipito, atque tum utitor iis habitibus, qui iam subsequuntur.
		Note When you have parried the blow with your right hand, step in deep with your right foot behind his right foot in the traverse, then you will throw him on his back.	[134v] Notta Item so du Im den schlag hast Aufgefanngen. mit deinner rechten hannd. so tritt mit deinnem rechten fuosz tüeff hinnder seinnen rechten fuosz.Inn die zwirch. so wirffstu In auf den Rucken./.			Si plagam hostilem dextra manu exceperis, tum longe pedem dextrum tuum dextro item hostis pedi transversim postponito, atque si id rite feceris, supinum hostem prosternes.
		Another When someone tries to punch you in the face, then (parry and catch as before) and strike with your fist outstreched under his collar, and then grab around his leg with your right arm, and you will throw him on his back.	Notta Item schlecht dir ainer Nach dem angesicht. so stosz In mit deinner linncken geraden faust vnden an sein goller vnnd fall Im mit dem rechten arm vmb sein pain. so wirfstu In auf den rucken.			Aliud Cum quispiam faciem tuam pulsare conetur, tunc pugno sinistro porrecto vel palma extenta diphteram inferne impetus totis animi viribus dextrum brachium inde si alteri hostis pedi circumieceris, resupinum prosternas adversarium.
		Another wrestling technique When your opponent tries to hit you, then catch the blow with the outside of the hand, and push him backwards with all your might. Then catch with your left hand from underneath around his right arm, and step behind his right foot with your left foot, that way you will throw him on his back and break his arm.	Notta Item schlecht dir ainner zu. so fach den Schlag auf dein ewichen hannd vnd truckh In fast zurukh. vnnd greyff mit deinner linncken hannd vnnden vmb seinen Rechten Arm vnd tritt mit deinem rechten fuosz vnder sein rechten. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnnd wirfft Im den arm ab.			Aliud Si adversarius verberare conetur, manu inversa vim hostilem [307v] excipito, retorsumque totis viribus urgeas. Inde manu sinistra inferne brachium ipsius dextrum amplectitor, atque si dextrum pedem ipsius itidem dextro subposueris, supinum prosternas, simul simul etiam brachium ipsius disrumpitur.
		Grabbing the hair When someone has grabbed hold of your hair, then grab with your left hand over both of his hands onto the wrist of his right hand and with your right hand underneath on his elbow. Then, if you twist his arm upward, you will get free of him and break his arm.	[135r] Beim har zufassen. Item fast dich ainner Bey dem har. so greiff Im mit deinner linncken hand vber seinne baid hend. In sein rechten hannd Inn das glaich vnd mit dem rechten vnnden Inn den Elennpogen. vnnd winnd Im den arm Inn die hoch auf. so wirfstu ledig vnnd prichst Im den arm ab.			Ratio capillos corripiendi, et eius dem habitus destructio Cum hostis capillos tuos adprehenderit, tum manum sinistram utrique manu superiniicias in iuncturam dextrae manus, dextrum vero inferne cubito ipsius iniicias. Inde si sursum hostile brachium torseris teipsum liberabis, atque insimul brachium illi disrumpes.
		Another When both of you have grabbed each other by the hair, then grab hold of him as before, and twist his left hand on your right arm, and press down hard, and then hit him in the neck with your left hand.	Notta Item wann du mit ainem Faffest. so fasz In als vor. vnnd wind Im sein linncke hannd auf dein rechten arm. vnnd truckh In fast zu der Erden. vnnd schlag In mit der linncken hannd auf den hals.			Aliud Cum mutuo capillos corripuistis, tum pari ratione ut supra praedictum est hostem corripito, et manum ipsius sinistram in brachium dextrum tuum retrorqueas. Inde pro viribus deorsum supprimas, atque manu sinistra collum ipsius verberes.
		A throw When someone has taken hold of you in the middle and wants to throw you on your back by headbutting you, then as quickly as you can, take hold of both his shoulders, so that you again can grab him by the collar. Then sweep his leg with your foot, and he will fall over.	Einn abwerffen Hatt dich ainner Inn der mitte gefast vnnd vermaint dich mit dem kopff an rucken zu stossen. so er [135v] wisch In Indes mit seinnen baiden Achslen wder Wie du In daselbst mit dem goller fassen kanst. schlag ain pain fur. so schwingstu In daruber. das Erfallen muosz.			[308r] Destructio si quis te sternere conetur capitis impulsu Si quis medium te complexus fuerit, atque supinum capitis impulsu prosternere moliatur, tum celerrime utrunque humerum corripias, vel quoquo modo ipsum iuxta diphteram adprehendere poteris. Inde si ipsi pedem anteposueris, per eundem adversarium praecipites.
		A counter to above mentioned technique If someone has grabbed you the same way, then let go of his waist, and grab him behind the knees, and lift him up, that way you can either as you wish, throw him on his back, over your head, or run away with him.	Bruch Fast er dich allso zum Schwimg. so lasz vonn seinner waiche. vnnd greyff Im Inn die Kniepug. heb Ibersich. so fellst In an den rucken. oder wirfst In vber dein kopff. oder laufft mit Im daruon.			Antecedentis destructio Sin autem hostis praecipitandum te pari modo te comprehenderit, iliis relictis, poplitem ipsius corripito. Si ea ratione levaris, supinus hostis concidere, vel per caput tuum praecipites, aut si mavis asportes ipsum.
		A wrestling throw Grab him by the left hand with your right, and lift it well, go through with your head, and grab with your left hand in his right knee. Then lift him by the leg on your shoulders, and you will throw him over your back face first.	Ein werffen ausz Dem Rinngen Item begreyff sein Linncke hand mit deinner rechten. heb Im seinnen arm wol vbersich. gee mit dem haupt durch greiff mit der Linncken hannd. Inn seinn rechten kniepug. heb In mit den schultern beim bain auf. wirff In vber dein Rucken auf den kopff.			Ratio ex lucta sternendi Dextra manu tua ipsius adversarii sinistram adprehendas, brachiumque ipsius subleves. Inde sub ipsius brachio levato caput tuum transmittas. Post si poplitem eius dextrum manu sinistra corripueris humeris pedem sustollas, in caput hostem per dorsum tuum praecipites.
		Another Grab hold with your left hand onto his right and twist it away from you on your left side, step with your right foot behind his right and grab with your right hand up front on his neck, and throw him over your right hip.	[136r] Einn annders Item greyff Im mit Deinner Lincke hannd Inn sein rechte. vnnd reyb sy von dir Inn die Linncken seitten. vnnd schreit mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinder seinnen Rechten. greiff mit deinner Rechten vornen vmb seinnen hals. vnd wirff In fur dich vber die hüff des rechten pains			[308v] Alia effigies Manu sinistra hostis dextram adprehendito, atque abs te in latus sinistrum retorqueto. Post dextrum pedem ipsius item dextro postponas, dextram manum eius collo anterius adiicias, atque adversarium per femur pedis dextri praecipites.
		Note If your opponent has is arms held high when advancing onto you, then run through him with the head under his right arm on his right side. Step in front of his right foot and grab around his waist from behind with your right arm. Lower yourself a little, lift him up on your right hip and throw him behind you.	Notta Item gat er hoch gegen dir Inn dem Rinngen mit aufgereckten armen. so lauf Im durch mit dem haupt. vnnder seinnen rechten arm. seinner rechten seitten. schreit vornen fur seinnen rechten fuosz. vnnd far Im mit deinnem Rechten arm vnnder seinnem rechten durch vnnd hinden vmb seinner leyb. senckh dich ain wenig nider vnnd heb In auf dein Rechte hüff. vnnd wirff In hinder dich			Notabile Si sublatis brachiis adversarius contra te procedit, tum sub brachio ipsius dextro lateris dextri transmittas caput tuum, ipsius pedem dextrum praecedas, atque dextrum brachium sub brachio ipsius itidem dextro transmittas ilia circundando. Post si te nonnihil demiseris in dextrum femur eum assumas, atque reiicias.
		What to do with your opponent once you have thrown him When you have thrown your opponent to the ground, then knee him in the groin and hold both of his arms or his throat and press down, that way you may keep him down.	[136v] So ainner Gefallen Ist Enntlich so du ainnen geworffen. vnnd zu fal pracht. so knie Im zwische baide pain auf seinne gemecht. fasz Im baid hennd oder die gurgel. truckh fast allenthalben zu der Erden. so behelst du In.			Quid agendum cum deiecto Si quempiam prostraveris, tunc utroque genu pubem ipsius deiecti intra pedem utrunque urgebis, ambas manus corripito, gutturem etiam si volueris adversarii adprehendito. Inde si ex omni parte depresseris hostem captivum retinere licebit.
		Counter If you have been thrown to the ground by your opponent, then make sure above all things that your hands are not caught. Quickly, with one hand grab onto his face with the thumb under his chin and the rest of the fingers in his eyes, and press them away as hard as you can, and with the other hand hit him in the bladder. Extend the one leg that is the freest, and pull him towards you again, and he will receive a good hit to the groin as well. With these three moves mentioned here you will break free of him and weaken him as well.	Bruch Item pistuje ver gwalltigt Vnd vnnder geworffen. hab eylenndsgut acht. das dir deinne hend nit verschlossen seien. sonnder far Im gleych mit ainner hand Ins angsicht den daumen vnnders kin. die anndern finger vnnder den augapffel. greyff also starckh mit der anndern hannd stosz Im starck neben zur plassen. streck ainnen schennckel der dir amledigsten ist. zeuch In geschwinnd wider an dich. so gibstu Im ein guts zu den hoden. Mit disen drey griffen zu ainnem mal magstu In vonn dir prinngen. ˙/·			[309r] Destructio Sin autem tu deiectus atque superatus ab hoste fueris, in primis atque ante omnia diligenter curabis, ne manus tuae intercludantur. Subito autem altera manu faciem ipsius adprehendito, pollex mento supponitor reliquos digitos manus eiusdem pupillae, eosque pro viribus tuis adplices, verum altera manu totis item viribus vesicam hostis impellas, alterum pedem inde qui liberior est atque magis solutus extendas, atque celeriter rursum attrahas, et testiculos ipsius impetas. His igitur tribus tactibus ut iam commemorati sunt adversarium abiges, atque infirmabis.