Codex Döbringer (MS 3227a)

Codex Döbringer
Codex Döbringer
	MS 3227a, Germanisches Nationalmuseum; Nuremberg, Germany
	; ff 13v - 14r
Hils' catalog	41
Leng's catalog	38.1.4
Type	Commonplace book
Date	ca. 1389
Language(s)	Middle High German
Author(s)	Anonymous; "The Priest" Hans Döbringer; Andres Juden; Johannes Liechtenauer; Jobs von der Nissen; Nicklass Preußen
Compiled by	Unknown
Material	Paper, in a leather binding
Size	169 folia
Script	Bastarda

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The title of this article contains the character ö. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Codex Doebringer.

The MS 3227a is a German commonplace book thought to have been created in 1389.^[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg, Germany. This manual is commonly attributed to Hans Döbringer,^[2] when in fact he is but one of the four authors of a brief section on the longsword. The rest of the manuscript is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of mundane and mystical topics, including martial arts. The martial aspects of the book seem to be based on the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, and the text implies that he was still alive at the time of the writing.^[3]

Christian Tobler notes that the presumed date of 1389, based on the presence of a multi-year calendar in the book that begins with that year, is unjustified. The eclectic nature of commonplace books means that the calendar was likely selected due to availability (rather than applicability), and could easily have been an old calendar or even a future one. As this date is also used to estimate the time period of Liechtenauer's career, this is a significant error. (Using it to date Liechtenauer is further complicated by the fact that even if he were alive when the original treatise was written, that doesn't mean he was alive when it was copied into this manuscript.)^[4]

Provenance

German instructions for the strengthening of iron
English Translation by Jeffrey Hull	Transcription by Jeffrey Hull
Regarding Hardening Now speaks Master Alchemy, that the first hardening is most always in cold water—and that is common. And recognise the hardening thusly—when the edge is blue, then it has rightly hardened.	[11r] Von dem herten Nu spricht meister alkaym das dy erste herte ist allermeist yn kaldem wasser und dy ist gemeyne Und dy herte irkenne alzo wenne dy sneide blo ist zo hat is eyne rechte herte
In glue-water the edges becomes annealed.	In laem wassere werde dy linden sneiden
Scythes—those one shall differentially temper.	Senszcn dy sal man in uenslete herten
Files—one shall harden those in urine or in linseed oil or in buck's blood/ram's blood.	Ffeilen sal man in harne ader in leyn oele ader in buckes blute
The Hammers—wherewith one smites the files or all weaponry from billets and wherewith one smites scrap into steel billets those will harden thusly: Take one part white radish, and one part horse-radish, and one part earthworms, one part cockchafer-grubs, and one part buck's blood from when that buck goes to rutting. That hardening has the Four Elements indeed. So mash that together and squeeze out the liquid, and then what you would harden therein, rough-grind it and then harden it in that liquid.	Dy hamer do man dy feilen mete hewet ader alle wofen und do man stol niete schroten wil dy herte alzo Nym eyn teil rueberetich und eyn teil merretich und eynteil regenwuerme engerlinge und eyteil buckes blut won der bok czu bruonsten got dy herte hat dy vier elementen gar Das stos und eyn nander und druecke das wasser aus und was du denne dorynne herten wilt das sleiffe vor und horte is denne dorynne
Whatever then you indeed would have tempered, that then indeed will become tempered with two parts refined sand and with one part refined resin turpentine.	Was du denne gar herte haben wilt das welle mit gerebenem sande czweiteil und mit sweuel eyn teil auch gereben das wirt denne gar herte
Would you then indeed make a great hardening of steel? Then take dragon wort with herbs and with ale/eels and likewise much vervain and sow that into lukewarm water and when that is well-boiled, then put it aside and let it lower, indeed, become cold, and then harden therein what you will. And that hardening is good for all hand-weapons.	Wiltu denne gar eyne grosse herte machen so nym trachenwortz mit krawte und mit al und alzo vil eyserkrawtes und sewt daz in lawterm wasser und wenne das sere gesoten ist zo setcze is abe und laz is lawtern und gar kalt werden und herte denne dorynne was du wilt Und dy herte ist czu aller hande wofen gut
Also, you may harden things in mustard. And for vining of steel—do it with good vinegar.	Auch magstu herten yn senfe czu reben mit gutem essieg
Would you harden steel and make really good edges? Then take borage—its leafless roots—with ale/eels, and sow that into cold water, and harden what you will.	[11v] Wiltu stol herten und gar gute sneiden machen zo nym buglossam blateloze mit worcze und mit al und sewt das in kaldem wasser und herte was du wilt.
Would you harden hammers, wherewith one hews heaps of stone? So take grub-juice and quench the glowing hammer therein.	Wiltu hemer herten do man steyne mete mach hewt so nym rupen saff do lesche dy hemer gluende dorynne
One other good hardening: Take the worms—two parts cockchafer-grubs and three parts earthworms and squish those and press the juice through cloth. Thereto add juice of rock-fern roots. Then thrust a glowing iron therein, or whatever else you would harden.	Eyne ander gute herte Nym der wuerme engerlinge czweiteil und regenworme das dritteteil und czu stos sy und drucke das saff durcheyn tuch Dorczu tu auch saff von steyn krawtes worczel und stos doryn eyn glueende eizen ader was du herten wilt
Thus cook human hair in water until it has a bloody colour—if iron be quenched therein, then it mutates it to a good hardness.	Item capillos humanos coque in aqua donee sangwinis colorem habeat in qua si ferrum extingwetur mutatur in bonum calibem
Thus to harden iron: Take mashed radish and vervain and earthworms, and distill that, let the stuff thereby mix equally, pour in equal part of donkey-mare's milk and quench glowing iron in that confection.	Item ad indurandum ferrum sumatur succus raphani el verbene et regenwuerme et destilletur que libel res per se et componantur equali pondere et tantum de lacte asine el candens in tali confectione ferrum extingwatur
Thus a recipe: Mash equal parts radish and turpentine and vinegar and wild celery and extract therefrom, and quench fiery iron and copper, so that each becomes as hard as stone.	Item recipe raphanam et colophoniam et apium et ex hijs (!) extrahe succum equali pondere el intrude ferrum ignitum et erit durum ut lapis
Take buck's tallow, from when he is rutting lustily, and quench glowing iron therein, and it becomes maximally hardened.	Item accipe sepum hircinum, cum vritur in amore et ferrum candens extingwe in eo et vertitur in maximam duritiam
Would you anneal the hardness of steel? Then take human blood and let that stand until the water becomes evaporated, thus reduced. Then put that liquid/slurry into a glass and hold that and when you then would anneal hardness. So then take the hardened weapon and put that to the fire until that is become so hot that it gulps water when quenched. Then brush the water with a feather, thus the edge releases its hardness and becomes annealed.	[12r] Wiltu dy herte von dem eizen entloezen so nym menschen blut und los das sten bis das wasser dorof stet und wirt zo seige denne das wasser in eyn glas und halt das und wen du denne dy herte entloesen wilt zo nym das geherte wofen und halt das czu dem fewer bis das is zo heis werde das is das wasser slinde Zo strich das wasser mit eyner veder an dy sneide zo entlet sich dy herte und wirt linder
Thus you would make steel pliable and malleable: So take one part chamomile blooms, and one part cranesbill that has blue blossoms, and one part Mary's thistle, and put all that together into hot water. So do it in a pot. and cover it so that the steam may not get out, and let it simmer well. Quench glowing steel therein -that becomes quite pliable and malleable.	Item wiltu eisen weich machen und czehe zo nym comomillen blumen eynteil und eyn teil kranches snabel das hat bloe bluten und eynteil veitbomes und das lege alles mit eynnander in heis wasser und tu is in eynen top und decke is das der brodem nicht aus moege gen und las is wol siden Dorynne lesche glueende eisen das wirt gar weich und czehe
Thus you would make steel pliable: So take horn and scrape off the leather, and mix that with sal ammoniac, and piss thereupon, and wind that around the steel, and so let that chemical-soaked leather scorch the steel, thus it becomes pliable.	Item wiltu eizen weich machen zo nym horn und schabe das of eyn leder und menge das mit sal armoniaco und seiche dorof und winde das uem das eisen und laz das leder alzo of dem eisen vorbrueen zo wirt is weich

12v - 13r

Alchemical recipes in Latin

13v - 17v

Anonymous treatise on the fundamentals of combat
English Translation by David Lindholm	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
Here begins Master Liechtenauer’s art of fencing with the sword, on foot and on horseback, in armour and without. And before all things you should know and understand that the sword is only one art and it was devised and thought out hundreds of years ago. This art is the foundation and core and it was completely understood and known by Master Liechtenauer. Not that he himself devised or thought out what is described, but he travelled and searched through many lands since he wanted to learn and experience this art. And this art is quite earnest and righteous, and it goes from the nearest in search of the closest and goes straight and right when you wish to strike or thrust. So that when you want to attack someone it is as if you had a cord tied to the point or edge of your sword and this leads the point or edge to an opening. For you should strike or thrust in the shortest and nearest way possible. For in this righteous fencing do not make wide or ungainly parries or fence in large movements by which people restrict themselves. Many Masters of play fighting say that they themselves have thought out a new art of fencing that they improve from day to day. But I would like to see one who could think up a fencing move or a strike which does not come from Liechtenauer’s art. Often they want to alter or give a new name to a technique, all out of their own heads and think up wide reaching fencing and parries and often make two or three strikes when one would be enough or stepping through and thrust, and for this they receive praise from the ignorant. With their bad parries and wide fencing they try to look dangerous with wide and long strikes that are slow and with these they perform strikes that miss and create openings in themselves. They have no proper reach in their fencing and that belongs not to real fencing but only to school fencing and the exercises for their own sake. But real fencing goes straight and is simple in all things without holding back or being restricted just as if a string had been tied or as if they had been connected. When you strike or thrust at another in front of you, then no strikes or thrusts before or behind, nor besides or wide reaching movements or many strikes will help if you hold back and lose the chance. Instead you must strike straight and direct to the man, to the head or to the body whatever is the closest and quickest. This must be done with speed and rather with one strike than with four or six which will again leave you hanging and giving the opponent a chance to hit you. The first strike is a great advantage in the fencing as you will hear in the text. Therefore Liechtenauer says that only five strikes with other techniques should you use in real fencing. And he teaches these straight and simple and does them as quickly and as direct as possible. And you will lay under you all the drumming and new inventions by the or play masters since these [five strikes] are the foundation of his [Liechtenauer’s] art.	[13v] HIe hebt sich an meister lichtenawers kunst des fechtens mit deme sw°te czu fusse vnd czu rosse / blos vnd yn harnüsche / Vnd vor allen dingen vnd sachen / saltu merke~ vnd wissen / das nür eyne kunst ist des swertes / vnd dy mag vor manche~ hvndert Jare~ seyn fvnden vnd irdocht / vnd dy ist eyn grunt vnd kern aller künsten des fechtens / vnd dy hat meist° lichtnaw° gancz vertik vnd gerecht gehabt vnd gekunst / Nicht das her sy selber habe~ fvnden vnd irdocht / als vor ist geschreben / Sonder / her hat manche lant / durchfaren vnd gesucht / durch der selbñ rechtvertigen vnd warhaftige~ kunst wille / das her dy io irvare~ vnd wissen welde / Vnd dy selbe kunst ist ernst gancz vnd rechtvertik / Vnd get of das aller neheste vnd ~~kors~~ körtzste / slecht vnd gerade czu / Recht zam wen eyn° eyne~ hawe~ ader stechen welde / vnd das man im deñe eyne~ vadem ader snure an seyne~ ort ader sneyde des sw°tes bünde / vnd leytet aber czöge dem selben ort ader sneide off ienes blössen [14r] den her hawe~ ader stechen selde / noch dem aller nehesten / kortzsten vnd endlichsten / als man das nür dar brege~ mochte / wen das selbe rechtvertige vechten / wil nicht hobisch vnd weislich paryre~ habñ / vnd weit vm~efechte~ / mit deme sich lewte mochte~ lassen vnd vorzümen / Als man noch manche leychmeistere vindet dy do sprechen / das sy selber newe kunst vinden vnd irdenke~ vnd meyne~ das sich dy kunst des fechtens von tage czu tage besser vnd mere / Aber ich wölde gerne eyne~ sehn der do / möchte nür ey~ gefechte / ader eyne~ haw / irdenke~ vnd tue~ / der do nicht aus lichtnaw°s kunst gynge / Nür das sy ofte eyn gefechte vorwandeln vnd vorkeren wöllen / mit deme / das sy im newe name~ gebñ / itzlicher noch seyme hawpte / Vnd das sy weit vm~efechten vnd paryrn irdenken / vnd oft vör eyne~ haw / czwene ader dreye tue~ / nür durch wolstehens wille / do von sy von den unvorstendige~ gelobt wolle~ werden / mit dem höbsche~ paryrn vnd weit vm~efechte~ / als sy sich veyntlich stellen / vnd weite vnd lange hewe dar brenge~ lanksam vnd trege / mit deme sy sich gar sere vorhawen [14v] vnd zeüme~ / vnd sich auch do mite vaste blos gebñ / we~ sy keyne mosse yn ire~ fechte~ nicht haben / vnd das gehört doch nicht czu ernstem fechte~ / zonder czu schulfechten durch vbunge vnd gebrawchu~ge wille mochte is wol eczwas gut seyn / Aber ernste vechten wil risch slecht vnd gar gerade dar gehen / an alles lassen vnd zümenüss / zam noch eyn° snure~ / ader zam itzlichs besunder gemessen vnd gewegen were / wen sal eyner eyne~ slaen ader stechen / der do vor im stet / zo hilft in io key~ slag ader stich / ~~vor sich vn ader~~ hindersich / ader nebñ sich / noch keynerley weitfechte~ / ader vil hewe / das m^t eyme möchte ende~ / mit deme her sich zümet vnd last / das her dy schantcze vorsleft / Sonder her mus ir / slecht vnd gleich czuhawe~ / czu~ mañe / czu kop / ader czu leibe / noch dem aller nehesten / vnd schiresten als her in mir gehabñ mag vnd in eiche~ / v/risch vnd snelle vnd liber m^t eyme slage we~ m^t viern ader seche~ m^t deme her sich möchte lassen / vnd das iener leichte queme deñe her / wen der vorslag / eyn gros vorteil ist / of deme vechten / als du es als hernoch wirst hore~ yn dem texte / Do neñet lichtnaw° / nür fümff hewe / mit andñ stöcken / dy do nütcze sey~ czu erstem vechten / vnd leret dy noch [15r] rechter kunst slecht vnd gerade dar brege~ noch dem aller neheste~ uvnd schireste~ / als mag is nür dar komen / Vnd lest alles trum~elwerk / vnd new fvnde~ hewe vnderwege~ / võ den leichmeistere / Dy doch gru~tlich aus syner kunst dar kome~ /
Note and know also that it is not possible to explain the art of fencing as well with words as one can show it with the hand. Therefore open your mind and ponder well and the more you train yourself in play the more you will think of it in earnest. For practice is better than art, your exercise does well without the art, but the art is not much good without the exercise.	Auch merke das / vnd wisse das mã nicht gar eygentlich vnd bedewtlich von dem fechten mag sage~ vnd schreibñ ader auslege~ / als mã is wol mag / ~~is wol mag~~ czeige~ vnd weisen mit der hant / Dorvm~e tu of dyne syñen vnd betrachte is deste bas / Vnd ube dich doryñe deste mer yn schimpfe / zo gedenkestu ir deste bas in er~ste / wen ubu~ge ist besser weñe kunst / de~ne übu~ge ~~tag w~~ tawg wol ane ku~st aber ku~st tawg nicht wol ane übunge /
Know also that a good fencer should before all things know his sword and be able to grip it well with both hands, between the cross guard and the pommel since you will then be safer than if you did grip it with one hand on the pommel. And you will also strike harder and truer, with the pommel swinging itself and turning in the strike you will strike harder than if you were holding the pommel. When you pull the pommel in the strike you will not come as perfect or as strongly. For the sword is like a scale, if a sword is large and heavy then the pommel must also be large and heavy to balance it like a scale.	Auch wisse das eyn guter fechter sal vör allen sachen syn swert gewisse vnd sicher füren vnd fassen / mit beiden henden / czwische~ gehilcze vnd ~~l?c~~ klos / wen alzo helt her das sw°t vil sicher / den das hers bey dem klosse vasset mit eyn° hant / vnd slet auch vil harter vnd sürer / alzo / wen der klos öberwirft sich vnd swenkt sich noch de~ slage das der slag vil harter / dar ku~pt / den das her das swert mit dem klosse vasset / wen alzo / czöge her den slag / m^t dem klosse weder / das her nicht zo voelkömlich vnd zo stark möchte dar kome~ / Wen das swert [15v] ist recht zam eyn woge / den ist ey~ sw°t gros vnd swer / zo mus der klos auch dornoch swer syn / recht zam noch eyn° wogen
Also know that when you fence with another you should step with caution and be sure in them [the steps or movements] as if you were standing on a scale and adapt accordingly if you go forward or backward as is fitting. Easy and quickly with good heart and good knowledge or sense you should go and without fear, as you will know hereafter.	Auch wisse wen eyn° mit eyme ficht / zo sol her syner schrete wol war neme~ / vnd sicher in den sey~ / wen her recht zam of eyner woge~ stehe~ sal / hindersich / ader vorsich czu trete~ / noch deme als sichs gepürt / gefüge vnd gerinklich / risch vnd snelle / vnd gar m^t gute~ mute / vnd guter gewissen ader vornu~ft / sal deyn fechte~ dar gehe~ / vnd an alle vorchte / als mã das h°noch wirt höre~ /
You should also show reach in your fencing as is suitable and not step too wide, so that you can pull back and be ready for another step backwards or forwards. Often two shorter steps will happen before a long one. And often you must make a short leap with short steps, and often you must make a good step or leap.	Auch saltu mosse habñ yn deyme gefechte dornoch als sichs gepürt / vnd salt nicht czu weit schreite~ / das du dich deste bas ey~s- andñ schretes irholen magest / hinderdich / ader vordich czu tue~ / noch deme als sich wörde gepure~ / ~~vnd das~~ / Auch gepüren sich oft czwene korcze schrete vor eyne~ lange~ / vnd oft gepürt sich das eyñ e lewftche mus tue~ / mit korcze~ schrete~ / vnd oft das eyñ eyne~ gute~ schret ader spru~k mus tue~ /
And what you would try readily in earnest or in play, should be hidden from him so that he does not know what you intend to try against him.	Vnd was eyñ redlichs wil treibñ czu schimpfe / ader czu ernste / das sal her eyme vor den ogen / fremde vnd vorworren machen / das ieñ nicht merkt was deser key~ im meynt czutreiben /
And when you close with him thinking that you have the correct measure and believe that you can reach him, and then you shall go at him quickly and with speed to the head and to the body. You will hit or miss and win the first strike, and not let him come to anything as you will hear hereafter in the true teaching.	[16r] Vnd als^bald we~ her deñe czu im ku~pt vnd dy moße also czu im hat das in dünkt her welle in im wol haben vnd irreichen / zo sal her ku~lich czu im hurte~ vnd vare~ / snelle vnd risch / czu koppe ader czu leibe / her treffe ader vele / vnd sal io den vorslag gewyñen / vnd iene~ m^t nichte lassen czu~ dinge~ kome~ / als du bas h°noch wirst hören yn der gemeyne~ lere etc
You should always look for the upper openings rather than the lower, and go over his hilt with strikes or thrusts artfully and quickly. For you have better reach over the hilt than under it and you are also much safer in all your fencing. The upper touch is much better than the lower. But it may also happen that you are closer to the lower opening and therefore seek it, as often happens.	Auch sal eyn° allemal liber den öbñ blößen reme~ / deñe den vndñ / vnde eyme ober deme gehilcze yn vare~ / m^t hewe~ ader mit stiche~ / künlich vnd risch / we~ eyn° irreicht eyne~ vil bas / vnd / verrer öber dem gehilcze / den dorvnder / vnd eyn° ist auch alzo vil sicher alles fechtens / vnd d° obñ rure eyne / ist vil besser deñe der vndñ eyne / Is we~ deñe / das is alzo queme das eyner neher hette czu der vndñ das her der reme~ müste / als das ofte ku~pt
Also know that one should close in with him from the right hand side in the fencing, and in all things in fencing and in wrestling you take him better like this than straight on. And if you know this technique and make use of it, then you are not a bad fencer.	Auch wisse / das eyner sal io eyme of dy rechte seiten kome~ / yn seyme gefechte / wen her eym~ do yn allen sachen / des fechtens ader ringens / bas gehabñ mag / deñe gleich vorne czu / vnd wer dis stöcke wol weis / vnd wol dar brengt / der ist ist nicht ey~ bözer fechter /
Also know that when you wish to fence in earnest, then you shall have a finished piece in (your mind), any (technique or strategy) you want that is complete and correct and hold it in all seriousness and firmly in your mind when you want to close with him as if you would say “This is what I intend!”. And then you will have success with the help of God and not go wrong. You do what you should when you bravely rush the opponent with the first strike as you will know hereafter.	[16v] Auch wisse / wen eyñ ernstlich wil fechten / der vasse im eyn vertik stöcke vör / wels her wil / das do gancz vnd gerecht sey / vnd neme im das ernstlich vnd stete in seyne~ syn vnd gemüte / wen her of eyne~ wil / Recht zam her sölde spreche~ das meyne ich io czutreibñ / vnd dal sal vnd mus vorgank habñ m^t der hölfe gotes zo mag is im m^t t nichte velen / her tut was her sal / wen her ku~lich dar hort vnd rawscht / m^t dem vorslage / als mã das hernach oft wirt horen / [This includes a stamp: "Germanisches Nationalmuseum".]
To all fencing belongs the aid of God with the right, leap straight and sound, choose a ready sword, before, after, weak, strong, and “In that instance”, note that word. Strike, thrust, cut and press, guards, covers, stabing, (Jeffrey Hull made the suggestion that Stossen might also refer to pushing someones body, either away or to the side. This is also a possible interpretation) feeling, withdrawing, turning and hanging, pulling back, strike, leap, grab, wrestling, knowing and daring, caution, cunning and wisdom, reach and secrecy, reason, intuition and readiness, practice and good cheer, with agility step well. In these verses are fundamentals and principles, and what belongs to them are named. All the skills of fencing you should consider correctly, as you hereafter will really hear and read, all simply and after its nature. Fencer, do this and the art will become clear. From the sword, do good and wide covers.	[17r] Czu allem fechten / gehört dy hölfe gotes von rechte / Gerader leip vnd gesvnder / eyn gancz vertik swert pesu~dñ / Vor noch swach sterke / yndes das wort mete czu merke~ / Hewe stiche snete drücke~ / leger schütcze~ stöße fülen czücke~ / Winden vnd he~ge~ / rücken striche sprönge greiffen range~ / Rischeit vnd kunheit / vorsichtikeit list vnd klugheit / Masse vörborgenheit / vernu~ft vorbetrachtunge fetikeit / Vbunge vnd guter mut / motus gelenkheit schrete gut / In den seben versen da / sint dir fu~dament pñcipia / Vnd ptine~cia / benumet vnd dy gancze mate~ia / Aller kunst des fechten / das saltu betrachten rechte / Als du auch eigentlich / hernocher vnd sönderlich / wirst hore~ ader lesen / itzlichs noch seynem wezen / ffechter des nym war / zo wirt dir beu~kst bekant dy ku~st dy kunst gar / Of dem gancze~ swerte / vnd manch gut weidelich geverte /
Motion/movement, note that word well, it is to the fencing a heart and a crown, it is the very matter of fencing. All that it contains and all the fundamentals will be mentioned by name and made well understood hereafter. When you fence with another, then in this you are well taught, and remain fast in movement, and do not tarry when he starts to fence with you. Then make without limit and end that which is skillfull. Be quick and steady without faltering, at once so that he cannot strike. That is fortunate and he will be hurt, when he cannot strike away, as the other cannot part without being beaten. And after the teaching that is here described, I say truly, that the other cannot defend without danger. If you have understood this he will not come to strikes.	[17v] MOtus • das worte schone / ist des fechtens eyn hort vnd krone / der gancze mat~iaz / des fechtens / mit aller pertine~ciã / Vnd der artikeln gar / des fundamentes / dy var / Mit name~ sint genant / vnd werden dir hernoch bas bekant / Wy deñe eyñ nur ficht / zo sey her mit den wol bericht / Vnd sey stetz i~ motu / vnd nicht veyer wen her nit / An hebt czu fechte~ / zo treibe her mit rechte / Vm~er in vnd endlich eyns noch dem andñ künlich / In eyme rawsche stete / an vnderlos imediate / Das iener nicht kome / czu slage des nympt deser frome~ / Vnd iener schaden / wen her nicht ungeslage~ / Von desem kome~ mag / tut nur deser noch dem rat / Vnd noch der leren / dy itczunt ist geschreben / So sag ich vorwar / sich schützt iener nicht ane var / Hastu vornome~ / czu slage mag her mit nichte komen /
Here note that constant motion holds the beginning, middle and the end of all fencing according to this art and teaching. That is you should quickly do the beginning, the middle and the end without delay and without any hindrances from the opponent and not letting him strike at you. That concept comes from the two words before and after, that is the first strike and the after strike, in the middle.	Hie merke~ das / freque~s motus / beslewst in im / begy~nis / mittel vnd ende / alles fechtens / noch deser kunst vnd lere / alzo das eyñ yn eyme rawsche / anhebu~ge / mittel vnde endu~ge / an vnderlos vnd an hindernis synes wedervechters volbrenge / vnd iene~ mit nichte lasse czu slage kome~ / we~ of das ge~t dy czwey wörter / vor / noch / das ist / vorslag vnd nochslag / i~ mete r i~ vna hõ / q~si dm p9 i~liqm sine ãqo meo /

18r - 40r

Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Bloßfechten
English Translation by David Lindholm	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
This is the general foreword to the blossfechten on foot, note this well. Young knights learn to love God and honour women that your honour may grow. Practice knightly things and learn arts that help you and grant you honour in war. Wrestle well; grab the lance, spear, sword and falchion. Do this manly and make it useless in other hands. Strike threefold and hard in there, rush in regardless if you hit or miss, so that in understanding this you will be known as a wise man. This you shall know, that all things have length and measure. Do what you wish to do with good understanding. In earnest or in play have good heart with measure. Thus you beware and look with good cheer; this is what you shall do and how you go against him. For good heart and force makes your opponent weak, govern yourself after this; never give an advantage for nothing. Do not be rash; do not first do four or six (strikes). With your verconfidence be moderate, which is good for you. He is a brave man who fights his own weaknesses. It is no shame to flee when four or six (foes) are at hand. Do not strike at the sword but wait for the openings.	[18r] Das ist eyne gemeyne vorrede / des blozfechtens czu fuße / Das merke wol JVng Ritter lere / got lip haben / frawen io ere / So wechst dein ere / Vebe ritterschaft vnd lere / Kunst dy dich czyret vnd in krigen sere hofiret / Ringe~s gut fesser / glefney sper swert vnde messer / Menlich bederben / vnde in andñ henden vorterben / Haw dreyn vnd hort dar / rawsche hin trif ader la varn / Das in dy weisen hassen dy man siet preisen / Dor auf dich zoße / alle ding haben ~~limpf~~^lenge vnde moße / Vnd was du trei wilt treiben / by guter vornu~ft saltu bleiben / Czu ernst ader czu schimpf / habe frölichen mut / mit limpf / So magstu achten vnd mit gutem mute betrachten / Was du salt füren vnd keyn im dich rüren / Wen guter mut mit kraft / macht eyns wedersache czagehaft / Dornoch dich richte / gib keynem forteil mit ichte / Tumkunheit meide / vier ader sechs nicht vortreibe / Mit deynem öbermut / bis sitik das ist dir gut / Der ist eyn küner man der synen gleichen tar bestan / Is ist nicht schande vier ader sechze flien von hande /
This is a general teaching of the sword. If you want to display skill, go with the left and follow right with the strikes, and left with right is how you will fence with strength. If you only strike after, you will have little joy from his art, strike him wherever you wish, and no changer will come within your shield. To the head, to the body and do not forget the withdrawing. Do with the entire body what you wish to do firmly. Hear what is bad; do not fence above left if you are a right hander. And if you are a left hander then leave the right behind and fence rather from high left to low (on the right). Before and after, from these two things the whole art stem, weak and strong, in an instant note that word well. Thus you may learn with work and defend artfully, if you frighten easily, do not learn how to fence. Knowledge and skill, cunning, prudence and wisdom, this fencing desire and cheerfully do. Do not strike to the sword; instead go for the openings, reason, secrecy, reach, foreknowing and readiness.	[18v] Das ist eyne gemeyne lere des swertes WIltu kunst schawen sich link gen vnd recht mete hawen / Vnd link mit rechten is das du stark gerest fechten / Wer noch get hewen der darf sich kunst kleyne frewen / haw nu was du wilt keyn wechsler kawm an dich schild / ^{Haw nicht czu~ swerte / zonder / stets der bloße warte /} Czu koppe czu leibe dy czecken do nicht vormeide / Mit ganczem leiben ficht was du stark gerest treiben / Höer was do slecht ist / ficht nicht oben link zo du recht pist / Vnd ob du link pist ym rechten ^auch sere hinkest / So vicht io liber von oben ~~recht~~^linkischen nider / Vor noch dy czwey dink syn allen kunsten eyn orsprink / Swach vnde sterke Indes das wort mete merke / So machstu lere~ mit / ~~vnd erb~~ / kunst vnd erbeit dich weren / Irschrikstu gerne / key~ fechte~ nym~er lerne / Kunheit vnd rischeit / vorsichtikeit list vnd klugheit Vornu~ft verborge~heit / moße bevorbetrachtu~ge / ~~hobsheit /~~ ^{fetikeit /} Wil fechten haben vnd frölichs gemüte tragen
Here follows a general teaching: Before all know and note that the point of the sword is the centre and also its centre and core and from this comes all fencing and all returns to it. So the hangings and the turnings is the hanging in and the going around of the centre and from these good fencing will be done, and it is so thought out and discovered that a fencer who like so always strikes or thrusts at the point do not always hit well. But with these techniques striking, thrusting or cutting, stepping in or out, stepping around or a leap, will hit the other. And if someone shoots or steps forward with the point and lengthens or moves it forward, the other cannot hurt or shorten you with turnings or stepping out. Then the opponent cannot come into safe techniques and pieces such as the strike, thrust or cut. For Liechtenauer’s art is founded on principles of all the fencing skills and on the art of the sword. Strikes, thrusts and cuts as you will hear later here, how to do techniques and defend against what the other does, and how to do one out of the other if one (technique) is defended against, then the other technique will hit and have success.	/ Glosa gn°alis hui⁹ seq°^r / Von allererste~ merke vnd wisse / das der ort des swertes ist das czentru~ ~~vnd~~ das mittel vnd der kern des swertes aus deme alle gefechte gen / vnd weder / yn in komen / So sint dy hengen / vnd dy winden / synt dy anhenge vnd dy vmlewfe des czentru~s vnd des kerns [19r] aus den auch / gar vil guter stöcke des fechtens komen / vnd sint dorvm fvnden vnd irdocht / das eyn fechter / der da gleich czum orte czu hewt ader sticht / nicht wol allemal treffen mak / das der mit den selben stöcken / hawende stechende ader sneydende / mit abe / vnd czutreten / vnd mit vm~eschreiten ader springen eynen treffen mag / vnd ab eyner syn ort des swertes / mit schißen ader mit voltreten / vorlewst ader vorlengt / zo mag her in mit wi~den ader abetreten / weder / ~~irlengen vnd~~ / ynbrengen vnd körczen / alzo das her weder yn gewisse stöcke vnd gesetze kü~pt des fechtens / aus den her hewe stiche ader snete brengen mag / wen noch lychtnaw°s ku~st / zo komen aus allen gefechte~ vnd gesetze ~~des f~~ der ku~st des swertes / hewe stiche vnd snete / als mã wirt hernoch hören / wy eyn stöcke vnd gesetze aus dem andñ ku~pt / vnd wy sich eyns aus de~ andern macht / ab eyns wirt geweret / das daz ander treffe vnd vorgank habe
Secondly know and note that not one thing on the sword is without its use or reason. Therefore you should use the point, both edges, cross guard and pommel and all that is on the sword. As they are meant to be used in the art of fencing as is done in the exercises as you will find hereafter see and hear.	Czu dem andñ mal merke vnd wisse / daz keyn dink an dem sw°te / vm~e züst fu~den vnd irdocht ist / zvnder eyn fechter / den ort / beide sneiden gehilcze klos / vnd als das am swerte ist / nuetczen sal / noch dem [19v] als itzlieichs syn sönderleichs gesetze hat yn der ku~st des fechtens / noch dem als dy Vebunge hat vnd findert / als du itzlichs besvnder hernoch wirst sehen vnd hören /
Also know and note that when he says that you should show art, then he intends that the artful fencer should place his left foot forward and strike with it from the right side straight at the man with true strikes as soon as you see how you can take him and reach him with your own steps. Also when you want to fence strongly, then fence from the left side with the whole body and with full force to the head and to the body wherever you can hit – and never to his sword, but as if he (the opponent) does not have a sword or as if you cannot see. And you shall not disdain any following or contacts made, but always work and remain in motion so the he cannot come to blows.	Auch merke vnd wisse / mit deme als her spricht wiltu ku~st schawe~ etc / meynt her / das eyn ku~stlicher fechter / der sal den linke~ fuz vorsetzen / vnd võ der rechte~ seite~ mete hawen / gleich czu~ mañe / mit drewe hewen / zo lang / bis das her siet wo her iene~ wol gehaben mag / vnd wol dirreiche~ mit seine~ schreten / Vnd meynt / we~ eyn° stark wil fechte~ zo sal her võ der linke~ seiten of fechte~ / mit gancze~ leibe vnd mit ganczer kraft / czu köppe vnd czu leibe wo her nur treffen mag / vnd nu~mer czu key~ swerte / zvnder her sal tuen / zam iener keyn sw°t habe / aber zam hers nicht sehe / vnd sal keyne czecke~ ader ruren nicht vormeiden / zonder vm~ermer in erbeit vnd in berüru~ge sey~ das iener nicht czu slage mag komen
He (Liechtenauer) also means that you should not step straight in with the blows, but from the side at an angle so that you come in from the side where you can reach him easier than from the front. When you strike or thrust at him, he will not be able to defend with other techniques and neither lead it away by changing through as long as the strikes or thrusts are to the man, to the openings to the head and the body with steps and leaps in from the side.	Auch meynt her das / eyner den hewe~ nicht gleich sal noch gehen vnd treten zonder etwas beseites / vnd krum~es vm~e / das her ieme an dy seite kome / do her in bas / mit allerleye gehabñ mag / deñe vorne czu / was her deñe nür of ienen hewt ader sticht das mag im iener mit keynerleye durchwechsel ader andñ gefechten / ~~gel~~ / wol weren ader abeleiten / nür das dy hewe ader stiche gleich czu~ mañe czu gehe~ key~ den blöße~ / czu koppe ad° czu leibe / mit vm~eschrite~ / vnd treten /
Also note and know what he says here, before, after, the two things do, he names the five words; Before, After, Weak, Strong, in that instant/just as. On these words hinge the whole art of Liechtenauer, and they are the foundation and cornerstone of all fencing on foot or on horseback, in armour or without. Regardless if you hit or miss, as Liechtenauer says, strike and rush in and then follow no matter if you hit or miss. The word before means that a good fencer will always win the first strike. When you step or leap in to close with the opponent as soon as you see that you can reach him with step or leap, then you shall close with strikes to the openings and fence at the head or the body without any fear at all as you will surely win against him. Therefore when you win the first strike then it is no matter if it is good or painful for the opponent, and you will also be sure in your steps and should do them well measured neither too long nor too short. When you now do the first strike if you hit then follow up the hit quickly, but if the other defends against the first strike whether it was a strike or a thrust and turns it away and leads with his sword, then you shall remain on the sword if you were deflected from the opening and feel if the opponent is hard or soft and strong or weak on the sword. And when you notice this, then be hard or soft against the opponent as he defends himself. And then in an instant should you do the after strike before the opponent has a chance to come to blows, that is as soon as the opponent defends against the first strike as you do that, attack other openings with other techniques speedily. And always be in motion, this will force the opponent to be on the defence and not be able to come to blows himself. For he who defends against strikes is always in greater danger than the one who strikes, since he must either defend or allow himself to be hit if he is to have a chance to strike a blow himself. That is why Liechtenauer says; “I say truthfully, no man can defend without danger”. If you have understood this he will not come to blows, and you already know the five words that this art consists of. Therefore in all swordplay someone who strikes will often defeat a Master if he is bold and gain the first strike according to this teaching.	[20r] Auch merke vnd wisse / mit deme als her spricht / vor noch dy zwey dink etc / do / nent her ^dy fünff wörter / vor noch swach stark Indes / an den selben wörtñ / leit alle kunst / Meister lichtnaw°s / vnd sint dy gruntfeste vnd der / ^kern alles fechtens czu fusse ader czu rosse / blos ader in harnüsche / Mit deme worte Vor / meynt her das eyn itzlicher gut° fechter / sal alle mal den vorslag haben vnd gewiñen / ^{her treffe ader vele / als lichnawer / spricht / Haw dreyn vnd hurt dar / rawsche hin trif ader la var} weñe her czu / eyme gehet ader lewft / als balde als ^her nur siet / das her in mit eynem schrete / ader mit eynem sprunge dirreichen mag / wo her deñe indert in blos siet / do sal her hin varn / mit frewden / czu koppe ader czu leibe / künlich an alle vorchte wo her in am gewisten gehabñ mag / alzo das her ia den vorslag gewiñe / is tu ieme wol ader we / vnd sal auch mit dem / in syne~ schreten gewisse sein / vnd sal dy haben recht zam gemessen / das her nicht czu korcz ader czu lank schreite / wen her nü den vorslag / tuet / trift her zo volge her dem treffen vaste / noch / weret her aber ^iener den vorslag alzo das her im den vorslag / is sy haw ader stich mit syme swerte / abeweiset vnd leitet / Dy weile her deñe ieme noch / an syme swerte ist / mit deme als her wirt abe geweist / von der blößen / der her geremet / hat / zo sal her gar eben fülen vnd merken [20v] ab iener in syme abeleiten vnd schützen der hewe ader stiche / an syme swerte / weich ader herte / swach ader stark / sey / Ist deñe das her nü wol fület / wy iener in syme geferte ist / Is das iener stark vnd herte ist / Indes / das hers nü genczlich merkt vnd fület / zo sal her ~~ader~~ Indes ader vnderdez das sich iener zo schützt / weich vnd swach dirweder syn / vnd in dem selben / e den / das iener czu keyme slage kome / zo sal her deñe den nochslag tuen / das ist / das her czu hant / dy weile sich iener schützt vnd sich des vorslags weret / is sy haw ader stich zo sal her ander gefechte vnd stöcke hervörsüchen / mit den her aber czu synen blößen hurt vnd rawschet / alzo dis her vm~ermer in bewegunge vnd in berürunge sy / das her ienen als irre / vnd berawbet mache / das iener mit syme schützen vnd weren / alzo vil czu schaffen habe / das her / der schützer / czu syner slege / keyne kome~ mag / wen eyner der sich sal schützen / vnd der slege warnemen / der ist alle mal in grösser var / deñe der / der da slet of in / deñe her mus ia dy slege were~ / ader mus sich laen treffen / daz her selber mülich / czu slage mag kome~ / Dorvm spricht lichtnaw° / Ich sage vorware sich schutzt key~ mã ane vare / Hastu vornome~ czu slage mag her kleyne kome~ / Tustu and°s noch de~ fünff wörtern / of dy dese rede gar get / vnd alles fechten Dorvm slet oft/ey~ bawer ey~ meist° wen her küne ist vnd de~ vorslag / gewiñet / noch deser lere /
With the word before as has been told before, he means that you with a good first strike shall close in without fear or hesitation and strike at the openings, to the head and to the body, regardless whether you hit or miss you will confuse the opponent and put fear into him, so that the he does not know what to do against you. Then before the opponent can gather himself and come back, you shall do the after strike so that he will have to defend yet again and not be able to strike himself. Thus when you strike the first strike and the opponent defends against this, in the defence you will always be first to reach the after strike before the opponent. As soon as you can you should go with the pommel to the head or come in with the cross strike that is always good to do, or you can throw the sword forward crosswise in and by that enter into other techniques. You can also initiate other good moves since the opponent will not be able to strike. You shall hear how you do one thing from another so that the opponent cannot come at you without being struck, if you act according to this teaching. You shall do with one mind and one strike the first strike and the after strike quickly one after the other, and when it happens that the opponent defends against the strike, then he will do this with his sword and you will be on his sword. And when the opponent is slow and late then you can remain on his sword and right away turn and note and feel if the other gathers himself in order to move away or not. If he moves off when you have come on the sword in front of one another and extend the points at one another to the openings, then you shall –before the opponent has time to gather himself in order to strike or thrust–follow him with the point and do a good thrust to the chest or something like that as quickly and directly as you can. That is you should not let him escape unharmed from the sword. Since you know at once that you have a shorter way to the opponent since you already have your point on the (his) sword, as close and as short as possible. Then if you move away to do another strike or thrust and you do a wide movement, then the opponent will always be able to beat you to the after strike with a strike or thrust, then he can hit you with the first strike. And this is what Liechtenauer means with the word after. When you have done the first strike then you shall without any delay do the after strike and you should also stay in motion and do one thing after another. If the first [attack] does not work then the second, the third or the fourth will hit, and you shall not let the opponent come to blows. Since no one has greater advantage than he who fights according to the teaching of the five words. But if it is so that the opponent remains on the sword after his defence and is on the sword, and it has occurred that you remain with him on the sword and he has not done the after strike then you shall turn and remain with him on the sword. And you shall notice straight away if the opponent is weak or strong. If it is so that you feel and notice that the opponent is strong and hard and firm on the sword and intends to push your sword away, then you shall be weak and yielding and give way to his strength and let the opponent push his sword to the side and go with this. You shall then leave his sword quickly and speedily and move away and go at his openings to the head and the body with strikes and thrusts or with cuts, in the simplest and shortest way that you can. Since the harder and surer someone presses and pushes with his sword, while the other is weak against and let his sword yield, the wider his sword is pushed to the side the more open he will become and the other can then hit him as he pleases before the other can gather himself again and attack with a new strike or thrust. But if the opponent is weak and soft at the sword and you notice this well and feel, then you should be strong and hard against the sword and should let your point go straight and hard on his sword, at his openings as directly as possible. Just as if there was a thread tied to your point leading you in the shortest way to the opponent’s openings. And this thrust you should do when you are notice that the opponent is weak and allow his sword to be pushed back and allows himself to get hit, or if he is strong and defends and displace the thrust (pushes you aside). If the opponent remains strong at the sword and deflects the sword and defends against the thrust, that is that he pushes the sword swiftly away, you should be soft and yielding and let your sword yield before you and then speedily go at his openings with strikes, thrusts or cuts in any way you can. This is what Liechtenauer means by the words soft and strong. And this comes from the authorities as Aristotle said in the book Peri Hermanias: opposita iuxta se posita magis elucescunt / vel exposita oppositorum cui autem [opposed near him set wise men shine forth or abandon opposition]. Weak against strong, hard against soft and vice versa. Because when it is strong against strong, the stronger one will always win. That is why Liechtenauer’s swordsmanship is a true art that the weaker wins more easily by use of his art than the stronger by using his strength. Otherwise what use would the art be? Therefore learn well to feel in the swordplay. As Liechtenauer says, learn how to feel. In an instant/just as is a sharp word. Thus when you find yourself on another’s sword and feel well if he is weak or strong at the sword, then at once follow and know what is appropriate for you to do according to the aforesaid teaching and art. Then he will not be able to leave your sword without getting hurt. Thus Liechtenauer says “Strike so that he moves, if he withdraws from you”. After this teaching you understand how you will win the first strike and as soon as you have done this, then quickly and without any delay do the after strike that is the second, third or fourth strike, cut or thrust so that he cannot come to blows himself. If you then find yourself on his sword, then be sure that you feel and do as before has been described, since this is the basic tenet of swordsmanship: that a man is always in motion and never at rest, and it is also based on feeling, so do as it is stated above. No matter what you do or attempt to do, always have measure and length. If you have won the first strike then do not perform it too slowly, but move fast so that you can gather yourself for the after strike as well. That is why Liechtenauer says “Always know this, that all things have length and measure”. And understand this in relation to stepping and all other pieces of swordsmanship.	[21r] Weñe mit dem worte vor als e gesprochen ist / meynt her / das eyn° mit eyme guten vorslage ader mit dem ersten slage / sal eyn° ku~lich an alle vorchte dar hurte~ vnd rawsche~ / key~ den blössen czu koppe ader czu leibe / her treffe ader vele / das her iene~ czu hant als betewbet / mache vnd in irschrecke / das her nicht weis was her key~ desem solle weder tue~ / vnd auch e deñe sich ien° weder key~s irhole / ader wed° czu im selber kome / das her deñe czu hant den nochslag tue / vnd im io zo vil schaffe / czu were~ vnd czu schütze~ / das her nicht möge czu slage kome~ / deñe wen deser de~ erste~ slag / ader de~ vorslag tuet / vnd in ien° deñe weret / in dem selbe~ were~ vnd schutze~ / zo ku~pt deser deñe alle mal e czu dem nochslage den ien° czu de~ erste~ / den her mag / czu haut czu varn mit dem klosse / ader mag / in dy twerhewe kome~ / dy czu male gut syn / ader mag sost das sw°t dy twer vor werfen / do mite her in ander gefechte ku~pt / ader sost mancherleye mag her wol begiñen / e deñe ien° czu slage ku~pt / als du wirst hore~ wy sich eyns aus de~ and°n macht / das ien° nicht mag von im kome~ vngeslage~ / tut her and°s noch deser lere ^{Weñe her sal mit eyme gedanke~ / vnd zam mit eyme slage / ab is möglich were / den vorslag vnd nochslag tue~ / risch vnd snelle noch ey~nãd} Auch möchte is wol dar czu kome~ / ab ien° de~ vorslag weret / zo müste her in were~ mit dem sw°te / vnd alzo müste her dese~ io an sy~ sw°t kome~ / vnd we~ deñe ien° eczwas trege vnd las were / zo möchte deser deñe an dem sw°te bleybe~ / vnd sal deñe czu hãt wi~den / vnd sal gar ebñ merke~ vnd fulen / ab sich ien° wil abeczihe~ võ dem sw°te / ader nicht / Czewt sich ien° ab / als sy im vor mit ey~nander an dy sw°t sint kome~ / vnd dy orter key~ ey~nand° recken / czu de~ blossen / E deñe sich / deñe iener key~s haws ader stichs / of ey~ news weder [21v] irhole~ mag mit syme abeczihe~ / zo hat im deser czu hant / mit syme orte noch gevolget / mit eyne~ gute~ stiche czu der brost / ader söst vorne czu wo her in am schireste~ vnd neheste~ getreffe~ mag / alzo das im ien° mit nichte / ane schade~ von dem sw°te mag kome~ / we~ deser hat io / czu hãt mit syme nochvolge~ / neher czu ieme / mit dem als her syne~ ort / vor / an dem sw°te gestalt hat key~ ieme / noch de~ aller neheste~ vnd körczste~ / we~ das ien° mit syme abeczihe~ / of / ey~ news solde hewe ader stiche / weit vm~e / dar bre~ge~ / alzo mag io deser alle mal • e czu dem nochslage ader stiche kome~ / e deñe ien° czu dem ersten / Vnd das mey~t lichtnaw° mit dem worte / noch / we~ eyn° im de~ vorslag hat getan / zo sal her czu hant an vnderloz / of der selben vart den nochslag / tue~ / vnd sal vm~erm° in bewegu~ge / vnd in rüru~ge syn / vnd vm°mer ey~s noch dem and°n treibñ / ab ym das erste vele / dacz daz ander das dritte ader daz vierde treffe / vnd io iene~ nicht lasse czu ky~me slage kome~ / Wen keyn / mag grosser vorteil of fechte~ habñ / den der nach der lere / deser fünff / wörter tuet / Ist aber das ien° an de~ sw°te bleybt / mit dem als her mit syme were~ vnd schutze~ desem an syn sw°t ist kome~ / vnd is sich alzo vorczage~ hat das deser mit im an de~ sw°te ist blebe~ / vnd noch nicht den nochslag hat getan / zo sal deser winden / of vnd mit im alzo an dem sw°te stehe~ / vnd sal gar ebñ merke~ vnd füle~ / ab / ien swach ader stark ist an dem sw°te / Ist deñe das deser merkt vnd fület / das iener stark herte vnd veste an dem sw°te ist / vnd dese~ / nü mey~t syn sw°t hin dringe~ / zo sal deser deñe swach vnd weich dirweder syn / vnd sal syñ sterke weiche~ vnd stat gebñ / vnd sal im syn sw°t / hin lasse~ preln vnd wer varn / mit sy~ dringe~ daz her tuet / vnd deser sal deñe syn sw°t snelle [22r] lassen abegleiten / vnd abeczihñ / balde vnd risch / vnd sal snelle dar varn key~ synen blosse~ / czu koppe ader czu leibe / wo / mit hewe~ stiche~ vnd snete~ / wo her nür / am neheste~ vnd schireste~ mag czu kome~ / wen e herter vnd e sürer ien° dringt vnd druckt mit syme sw°te / vnd deser deñe swach vnd weich dirwed° ist / vnd syn sw°t lest abegleite~ / vnd im alzo weicht / e verrer vnd e weit° deñe ieme sy~n sw°t wek prelt / das her deñe gar blos wirt / vnd das in deñe deser noch wonsche mag treffen vnd rüren / e deñe her sich selber / key~s haws ader stichs irholen mag / Ist aber ien° an dem sw°te swach vnd weich alzo das is deser nü wol merkt vnd fület / zo sal deser deñe stark vnd herte dirweder syn / an dem sw°te / vnd sal deñe mit syme orte sterkliche~ an dem sw°te hin varn vnd rawsche~ key~ iens blosse~ gleich vorne czu / wo her am neheste~ mag / Recht zam im e snure ader vadem / vorne an syne~ ort were gebu~den / der im syne~ ort of das neheste / weizet czu ienes blossen / vnd mit dem selbe~ steche~ das deser tuet / wirt her wol gewar / ab ien° zo swach ist / daz her im sy~ sw°t lest alzo hin dringe~ vnd sich lest treffe~ Ist aber ab her stark ist vnd den stich weret vnd abeleitet / Is das her stark wirt weder an dem sw°te / vnd desem syn sw°t abeweiset vnd den stich weret / also das her dese~ sy~ sw°t vaste hin dringt / zo sal deser aber swach vnd weich dirweder w°den / vnd sal sy~ sw°t lasse~ abegleite~ / vnd im weichen / vnd syne blosse~ rischlichen süche~ / mit hewe~ stiche~ ader mit snete~ wy her nür mag / Vnd das mey~t lichtnaw° / mit dese~ wörter / weich vnd herte / vnd das get of dy aucto’i[22v]tas / als aristotyles spricht in lib° pyarmenias Oppo~ita iuxta se po~ita m~g~ elucescu~t / vel / oppo~ita opposit~ cui aut° / Swach weder stark / herte weder weich / et eqt° / Deñe solde stark weder stark syn / zo gesigt allemal der sterker / dorvm get lichtnawer fechte~ noch recht° vnd worhaftiger ku~st dar / das ey~ swacher mit syn° ku~st vnd list / als schire gesigt / ~~mit~~ / als ey~ starker mit syn° sterke / worvm were and°s ku~st / Dorvem fecht° lere wol füle~ / als lichtnawer spricht / das fülen lere / Indes daz wort / sneidet sere / den wen du eyme am swte bist vnd fülest nü wol ab ien° swach ader stark am sw°te ist / Indes ader dy weile / zo magstu deñe wol trachte~ vnd wisse~ was du salt key~ im tue~ / noch deser vorgesproche~ lere / vnd ku~st / wen her mag sich io mit nichte abe czihe~ vom sw°te ane schade~ / Den lichtnawer spricht / slach das her snabe / wer sich vör dir czewt abe / Tu noch deser lere / zo vestestu wol alzo das du io den vorslag habest vnd gewinest / vnd als balde / als du den tuest / zo tu deñe dornoch in eyme rawsche / inmediate an vnderloz den nochslag / das ist den and°n / den dritte~ / ader den vierden slag / haw aber stich / das io iener nicht czu slage kome / kömstu de~ mit im an daz sw°t / zo bis sicher an dem fulen / vnd tu als vor geschrebñ ist / wen dis ist d° gru~t des fechte~s das ey~ man vm~erm° in motu ist / vnd nicht veyert vnd kömpt is deñe an das fulen / zo tu / ut sup~ ptuit / Vnd was du treibest vnd begiñest / zo habe io moße vnd li~pf / als ab du im den vorslag / gewiñest / zo tu in nicht zo gehelich vnd zo swinde / das du nicht ~~nich~~^dich deñe mogst irholen des nochslags / Dorv^em spricht lichtnaw° / Dorof dich zoße / alle dink habñ limpf vnd moße / vnd daz selbe vornym och võ den schreten / vnd von allen and°n stöcke vnd gesetze des fechtens etc
This is the text where the five strikes and other pieces are mentioned. Five strikes learn to do from the right side against the defence. Rage strike, crooked, cross, squinting, with the scalp strike. The Fool counters, attack after, and run over, hurt the strokes last. Change through, withdraw, running through, cutting away, pressing the hands. Hanging, turning with the openings, strike, grasp, thrust with thrusts.	[23r] Das ist der / text / in deme her neñet / dy fünff / hewe vnd andere stöcke des fecht° FVnf hewe lere von der rechten hant were dy were / Cornhaw • krump • twere • hat schiler mit scheitelere / Alber vorsatzt • nochreist • öberlawft hewe letzt / Durchwechselt • czukt • durchlawft / abesneit • hende drukt / Henge • wind mit blößen / slag vach • strich • stich mit stößen /:~
This is regarding the Rage strike. When someone strikes at you from above, strike a rage strike and draw (or slide?) the point at him, and you shall also step towards the right side. If he notices this, take away from above without fear, be stronger, turn against it, and take it down. If he notices this, then go down. Note this; strike, thrust, guards, soft or hard. At once and the before the after–do not haste into war, what the war strikes from above, is ashamed from below. In all turnings, strikes, thrusts and cuts learn to find. You shall also try strikes, thrusts or cuts in all meetings with the masters if you whish to fool them. Do not strike at the sword, but always to the openings, to the head, the body if you whish to remain unharmed. If you hit or miss, always search for the openings, in all teachings turn the point to the openings. He who strikes widely around, he will often become seriously shamed. Always strike and thrust at the closest openings. Glossa. Here note that Liechtenauer strikes an upper strike from the shoulder, it is called the rage strike. When you are angry and raging, then no strike is as ready as this upper strike struck from the shoulder at the opponent. That is why Liechtenauer means that when someone strikes an upper strike against you, then you shall strike a rage strike at him; that is you move quickly in towards him with your point leading. If he defends against your point, then go quickly up and over to the other side of his sword. If he defends against that as well, then be hard and strong in your sword and turn [Wind] quickly and skilfully. If he defends against your thrust then throw and strike quickly below and you will hit him in the legs. That is you should always try one after the other so that he never has a chance to come to blows himself. And the aforesaid words – Before, after, at once, weak, strong, strike, thrust and cut, these you should think on well and never forget in your swordplay. And you should not rush into war, since if you fail above were you aim, then you will hit below as you will hear how to do one out of the other according to the true art, regardless if it is a strike, thrust or cut. And you shall not strike at the sword, but at the man himself, to the head or the body anywhere you can.	Das ist von deme Czornhawe etc DEr dir oberhawet / czornhaw ort deme drewet / Wirt her is gewar / nym is oben ab / ane vaer / Pis sterker / weder wint / stich / siet her is / nym is neder / Das eben merke • hewe • stiche • leger weich ader herte / Indes vnd • vor • noch / ane hurt deme krige sey nicht goch / wes der krig remet / oben / neden wirt her beschemet / In allen winden • hewe • stiche • snete • lere finden / Auch saltu mete prüfen hewe stiche ader snete / In allen treffen / den meistern wiltu sie effen / Haw nicht czum swerte / zonder stets der blößen warte / Czu koppe czu leibe / wiltu an schaden bleyben / du trefts ~~ader~~ ader velest • zo trachte das du der blossen remest In aller lere / den ort / keyn den blößen kere / Wer weite vm~e hewet / d° w°t oft sere bescheme[t] Off das aller neste / bre~ge hewe stiche dar gew[?] Vnd salt auch io schreite~ / eyme czu der rechte~ seiten / [?] ader iagens [?] begyñen / Glosa / Hie merke vnd wisse das lichtnaw° / ey~ öberhaw slecht von der achsel / heisset den czornhaw / ~~Den eyn~~ wen eym itzlichem in syme gry~me vnd czorne [23v] zo ist im keyn haw als bereit / als der selbe aberhaw slecht von der achsel / czum mañe / Dorvem meynt lichtnawer / We~ dir eyner czu hewt / mit eym obirhaw / zo salt du key~ im weder hawe~ de~ czornhaw / alzo das du mit dyme ort vaste key~ im schisset / wert her dir dyn ort / zo czewch balde oben ab / vnd var czu der and°n syte~ dar / syns sw°ts / wert her dir daz aber / zo bis harte vnd stark im sw°te / vnd wind / vnd stich balde vnd ku~lich / w°t her dir de~ / stich / zo smeis vnd haw balde vnde~ czu / wo du trifft / czu~ beyne~ / alzo das du vm~erm° eyns noch dem and°n treibest / das ien° nicht czu slage kome / Vnd dy vorgesproche~ wörter / ~~vor / noch / Indes / swach / stark~~ / vnd hewe / stiche vnd snete / der saltu czu male wol gedenken / vnd mit nichte vorgessen in deme gefechte / Auch saltu nicht sere eylen mit deme krige / den ab dir ey~s velet obñ / des du remest / zo triffestu vnden als du wirst höre~ wy sich eyns aus dem and°n macht / noch rechtvertiger kunst / besu~der hewe stiche snete / Vnd salt nicht czu eyns sw°te hawe~ / zonder czu im selber / czu koppe vnd czu leibe / wo eyn° mag etc
One can also understand the first passage so that when you strike from above with the rage strike, then you are also using the point of the rage strike.	Auch mag mã vorneme~ / das der erste v°se mochte alzo stehen / wem du öberhewest czornhaw / deme drewt der ort / des czornhaws etc
Just act according to this teaching, and always be in motion, whether you hit him or not, so that he cannot come to blows. And always step well out to the side with the strikes. And also know that from two strikes alone come all other strikes that are possible to name: these are the upper strike and the lower strike from both sides. These are the main strikes and form the foundation for all other strikes. They are in themselves basic and come from the point of the sword, which is the centre and core of all other pieces that is well described to you. And from these strikes come the four displacements from each side with which all strikes or thrusts are broken and also all guards, and from them you come into the four hangings and from these one can do fine art as you will hear later. No matter how you fence always aim the point at the opponent’s face or breast, then he will always have to worry that you will be faster since you will have a shorter way to go in to him than he has to you.	Nür tu noch deser lere / vnd bis vm~erm° i~ / motu / du treffest ad° nicht / daz ien° nicht czu slage kome vnd schret io wol besytz aus / mit den hewen / Auch wisse das nur czwene hewe seyn aus den alle ander hewe ~~wy dy~~ komen wy dy vm~er genãt möge~ werdn / ~~das~~ [24r] das ist der öberhaw / vnd der vnderhaw / von beiden seiten / dy sint dy hawpt hewe vnd gru~t aller ander hewe / wy wol dy selbñ vrsachlich vnd gru~tlich / auch kome~ aus dem orte des sw°tes / der do ist der kern vnd das czentru~ aller and° stocke / als das wol vor ist geschrebn ^{vnd aus den selbe~ hewe~ kome~ dy vier vorsetcze~ von beiden seite~ / mt den mã alle hewe vnd stiche ader leger / letzt vnd bricht / vnd aus den man auch yn dy vier he~ge~ ku~pt / aus den mã wol ku~st treibñ mag / als mã hernoch wirt horen /} Vnd wy ey~ mã nur ficht / zo sal io allemal den ort key~ eyns gesichte / ader brust keren / zo mus sich iener alleczeit besorgen das her icht e kome we~ her / wen her io neher czu im hat we~ ien° /
And if it happens that the opponent wins the first strike then you must be sure, precise and quick in the turning and as soon as you have turned in to him you shall move at once with speed and your point should always desire his breast and turn and seek its way there as you shall hear later on. And as soon as the opponent binds your sword then your point should not be more than half an ell [30-40cm] from the opponent’s breast or face. You shall be careful and note if you can get in behind and always go the nearest way and never too wide, so that the opponent does not come before you in case you hesitated and again find yourself to be left hanging or that you defended too weakly or defended too wide and with too much force.	Vnd ab is alzo queme / das ien° den vorslag gewuñe / zo sal deser sicher vnd gewis / vnd snelle seyn mit dem wende~ / vnd als bald als her im gewendet hat / zo sal her czu hant czuvaren rich risch vnd balde / vnd syn ort sal allemal iens brust begeren vnd sich keyn der kere~ vnd stellen / als du hernoch wirst bas hore~ / Vnd der ort / als bald her eyme an das sw°t ku~pt / ~~m^t dem sw°te~~ / der sal allemal kawme v^em eyne halbe ele / verre / von iens brust ader gesichte seyn / vnd des gar wol war nemen ab h° yndert dar kome~ möchte / vnd io of das neste / vnd nicht weit v^em / das ien° icht e queme wen deser / ab sich deser icht lasse~ vnd züme~ würde / vnd czu trege wer / ad° czu weit wolde dar kome~ vnd czu v°re vem /
This is on the four openings If you know how to seek the four openings, then you should strike true and without any danger, without concern for what he intends to do. Note here that Liechtenauer divides a man into four parts. That is as if a line was drawn from his forehead to his groin down the body and the other line along his belt. Thus you will have four openings in quarters. A left and right opening above the belt and the same openings below the belt. These are the four openings and each has its own fencing. Always seek these and never the sword. How to break the four openings;	[25r] Das ist von den vier blössen etc etc VIer blößen wisse / remen zo slestu gewisse / An alle var / an zweifel wy her gebar / Glosa / Hie merke / daz lichtnaw° / der teilt eyn menschen yn vier teil / recht zam das her eym von der scheitel / eyn strich vorne gleich neder machte an sym leybe / bis her neder czwische~ syne beyne / Vnd de~ and°n strich by der görtel dy czwere öber de~ / leib / zo werde~ vier vierteil ey~ rechtes vnd ey~ links öber der görtel / vnd alzo auch vnd° der gortel / das sint dy vier bloße~ / der hat itzlichs syñ sonder gefechte / der reme vnd nu~mer keyns swertes / zonder der bloßen
If you wish to take revenge, then artfully break the four openings. Above double and below rightfully change. I say truly that no man can defend himself without danger and if you have understood this then he cannot come to blows.	Von den vier blössen / wy man dy bricht WIltu dich rechen / vier bl össen ku~stlichen brechen / Oben duplire do neden rechte~ mutire / Ich sage vorware / sich schötzt keyn man ane vare / Hastu vornomen / czu slage mag her kleyne komen ~
This is on the Crooked strike Go crooked with skill and throw the point at the hands, strike crooked at he who sets well, with steps you will hurt many strokes. Strike crooked to the flat of the master when you wish to weaken him. When it flashes above step away that I will applaud. Do not crooked short strikes, changing through and then do a crooked strike, whoever wishes to deceive you the noble war will confuse him, so that he does not know if he is out of danger. Glossa. Here note that the crooked strike is an upper strike that goes out well to the side with a step, and then goes in a crooked manner to one (the other) side. Therefore Liechtenauer means that if you wish to do this strike well, you shall step well out to the right side as you strike. And you shall throw or shoot your point in over the cross guard at the (opponent’s) hands. And you shall strike with your flat, and when you hit the flat (of the opponent’s sword?) you shall remain on it with strength and push firmly and see were you can easiest and straightest hit him with strikes or thrusts or cuts and you shall not strike too short and not forget the changing through, were it is suitable to do it.	Das ist von deme krumphawe / etc KRump auf / behende / wirf deynen ort auf dy hende / krump wer wol setczet • mit schreten vil hewe letczet / Haw kru~p czu~ flechen • den meistern wiltu sie swechen / Wen is klitzt oben / stant abe das wil ich loben / Krump nicht kurcz hawe • durchwechsel do mete schawe / Kru~p wer dich irret • der edele krig den vor virret / Das her nicht vorwar • weis wo her sye ane var / Glosa / Hie merke vnd wisse das der kru~phaw / ist eyn oberhaw der do mit eyme guten ausschrete / krum~es dar / get / zam noch eyner seiten / Dorv^em meynt lichtnawer / der den selben haw wol wil fure~ / der sal wol beseicz aus schreite~ czu der rechte~ hant / dañe her den haw bre~gt / vnd sal synen ort / werfen / ader schißen / ieme ober syn gehilcze of / dy hende / vnd sal ~~czu ienes~~^{mit syner} flechen hawen / wen her deñe trift / ~~dy fleche~~~^{[i]enes [sw]ert} / zo sal her stark dor of bleiben / vnd vaste drucken / vnd sal sehen / was her deñe am endlichste~ vnd geradste~ / dar bre~ge~ mag / mit hewen stichen ader sneten / vnd sal mit nichte czu korcz hawe~ / vnd sal des durchwechsels nicht vorgessen / ab sichs gepürt /
A strike is called the feint/error and it comes from the crooked strike and it is described after the cross strike which is described firstly and it shall be before the cross strike. And it goes crooked from below and is shot in over the cross guard at him by shooting the point just as the from above and down.	[26v] Eyn / haw / heist der veller / vnd ku~pt aus dem kru~phaw / vnd der stet geschrebe~ noch deme twerhawe / do dy hant ist geschrebñ / vnd der sal vör deme therhawe sten / vnd der get von vnden dar krum~es vnd schiks / eyme ober deme gehilcze yn / mit ort schissen/ Recht zam der kru~phaw von obñ neder /
He who lead the feint/error, hits from below as he wish, forces, runs through and wrestles take the elbow with skill, jump him in the scale. Feint twofold and if you hit do the cut as well. Twofold further on step to the left and do not be slow. Since all fencing desires quickness from the right, and also courage, caution and understanding.	[27r] Veller wer füret • von vnden noch ~~wonch~~ wonsche her ri rüret / Vorkerer twinget / durchlawfer auch mete ringet / den ellenbogen / gewis nym / sprink yn den wogen / Veller czwefache • trift man den snet mete mache / Czwefaches vorpas • schreit yn link vnd weze nicht las / wen alles vechte~ wil rischeit habñ von rechte / Dorczu auch kunheit • vorsichtikeit list vnde klugheit
This is on the cross strike The cross strike takes away what comes from the roof, do the cross strike with the strong and note your work. Cross strike to the plough and follow hard to the ox he who do the cross strike well with a leap will hit the head. Glossa. Note and know that from the whole sword no strike is as good, ready and strong as the cross strike. And it goes across to both sides using both edges the foremost and the rearmost at all openings below and above. And all that comes from the roof, that is the upper strike or what comes from above and goes down, that the cross strike will break and defends against for you if you do the cross strike well, or if you cast the sword aslant in front of the head on whichever side you wish, just as you do when you want to get into the hangings or the turning. In the cross strike you turn the flat sides of the sword, one up and one down with the point horizontal, one (edge) to the right and one to the left side. And it is good to bind the opponent’s sword with this cross strike. When this has happened then the other can come away with difficulty and he will then be struck on both sides with the cross strike. So when you make a cross strike, regardless of the side or if it is high or low, you will go up with the sword with your hand turned and the cross guard in front of your head so that you are well guarded and covered. You shall do the cross strike with a certain amount of power.	Das ist von deme Twerehawe / etc Twere benym~et • was von dem tage dar küm~et / Twere mit der sterke / deyn arbeit do mete merke / Twere czu dem pfluge • czu den ochsen herte gefuge / Was sich wol tweret mit sprü~gen dem ^hew geferet [27v] / Glosa / Hie merke vnd wisse / das of dem ganczen / sw°te / keyn haw / als redlich / zo heftik zo vertik vnd zo gut ist als der twerhaw / Vnd der get dar / zam dy twer / czu beyden seiten mit beiden sneiden / der hindern vnd der vörd°n / czu allen blossen / vnden vnde oben / Vnd alles das von dem tage dar ku~pt / das sint dy öb°n hewe / ader was söst von obe~ neder gehet / das bricht vnd / weret eyner / mit den twer hewen / der dy wol kan dar bre~gen / ader das sw°t wol vörwirft / dy twer vor / das hawpt / czu weler seiten her wil / recht zam her in dy ob°n henge~ ader winden wolle kome~ / Nür das eyner in den twerhewe~ / dy flechen des sw°tes / eyne oben ader of / dy ander vnden ader neder kert / vnd dy sneiden / czu den syten / dy twer / eyne / czu der rechte~ / vnd eyne czu der linken / seiten / Vnd mit den selbe~ twerhewe~ / ist gar gut eyme an das sw°t czu kome~ / vnd wen den eyner eyme an das sw°t ku~pt / wy das nür dar kome~ ist / zo mag ien° mülich von im kome~ / her wirt von desem geslage~ czu beiden seiten mit den twerhewe~ / den wy her eynen twerhaw nür dar bre~gt / czu weler seite~ is ist / vnden ader oben / zo get im io das sw°t obñ / mit dem gehilcze / mit vorworfner / hant / vor deme hewpte / das her io wol bewart vnd bedekt ist / Vnd eyner sal dy twerhewe / eczwas mit / sterke dar bre~ge~ /
And when you must fight for your neck (i.e. for your life) , then you shall use the earlier described teachings and seek and win the first strike with a good cross strike. When you go against another, then as soon as you think that you can reach him, with a step or leap, explode with a cross strike from high on the right side using the back edge straight at the head. And you shall let the point shoot out and move across well so that you drive the point well and turn or tightens it around the opponent’s head like a belt. So that when you do a cross strike with a good step or leap out to the side, it is impossible for the opponent to protect himself or turn away. And when you thus win the first strike with the cross strike at one side, then regardless if you hit or miss, you shall at once and without delay win the after strike with the cross strike to the other side using the forward edge before the other can collect himself and come to blows or other techniques according to the afore described teachings. And you shall cross strike to both sides, to the ox and to the plough that is to the upper and the lower opening, from one side to the other, above and below continuously and without any interruptions so that you are in constant motion and the opponent can not come to blows. And each time that you do a cross strike above or below, then you do it well and throw the sword across above, well in front of your head so that you are well covered.	Vnd wen eyner v^em syne~ hals sölde fechten So solde her schaffen / mit ~~her~~ der vorgeschrebñ [28r] lere / das her mit eyme gute~ twerhawe den vorslag / gewuñe / wen her mit eyme czu gi~ge als balde als her irkente / das her ienen dir reichen mochte/ mit eyne~ schrete ader spronge das her deñe dar placzte / mit eyme twerhaw obñ von der rechte~ seiten / mit der hindern sneidñ ieme gleich obñ czu hawpte czu / vnd sal den ort lassen schiessen / vnd sal gar wol tweren das sich der ort wol lenke / vnd winde / ader gorte vm iens hawpt / zam eyn rime / we deñe wen eyner wol tweret / mit eyme gute~ ausschrete ader spronge / zo mag sichs ien° mülich schutze~ / ader abewe~de~ / Vnd we~ her deñe den vorslag alzo gewi~t mt de~ twerhaw ~~her treffe~~ / czu der eyne~ seyte~ / her treffe ader vele / zo sal her deñe als balde in eyme rawsche im~ediate an vnd°loz / den nochslag gewiñen / mit dem twerhaw czu der and°n seiten / mit der vörd°n sneiden / e den sich ien° key~s slags ader ichsichcz irhole / noch d° vorgeschrebe~ lere / Vnd sal deñe twern czu beiden seite~ / czu~ ochsen vnd czu~ pfluge / das ist / czu den ob°n blössen vnd czu den vnd°n / von eyner seite~ of dy ander / vnden vnd obñ / vm~erm° / an vnderloz / alzo das her vm°mer in motu sey vnd iene~ nicht losse czu slage kome~ / vnd als oft / als her eyne~ twerhaw tuet obñ ad° vndñ / zo sal her io wol twere~ / vnd das sw°t obñ dy twer / wol vor syn ha^wpt / werfen / das her wol bedekt sey /
This is regarding the Squinting strike The squinting strike breaks what the “buffalo” or a fool strikes or thrusts, he who tries to change; the squinting strike robs him of it. Do a squinting strike if he comes to short the changing through defeats him. Do a squinting strike to the point and take the neck without fear. Do a squinting strike to the upper head if you wish to endanger the hands. Strike a squinting strike to the right (probably the opponent’s right side, but it could be your own as well), this is how you wish to fence. The squinting strike I do praise, if it does not come too slowly. Glossa. Here note and understand that the squinting strike is an upper strike from the right side using the back edge on the sword, which is called the left side, and it goes in a squinting way and is sent to one side with a step to the right with the sword and hand turned. And this strike breaks what the buffalo (a peasant that is) can strike from above to below, as they are wont to do. Just as the cross strike breaks the same, as is described before. And he who tries with a changing through will be shamed by the squinting strike. And you shall squint well and long enough and shoot the point well, or else the changing through will stop you. And one shall squint well with the point to the neck, courageously and without fear. And...	[28v] Das ist von deme schilhawe : ~ SChiler in bricht • was püffel nü slet ader sticht / wer wechsel drawet • schiler dor aus in berawbet / Schil kürczt her dich an • ~~das~~ durchwechsel das sigt ym an / Schil czu dem orte • vnd nym den hals ane vorchte / Schil in dem öbern • hawpte hende wiltu bedöbern / ^{Schil ken dem rechten / is daz du wol gerest vechte~ / den schilhaw ich preize • ku~pt her dar nicht czu leiz[e]} / Glosa / Hie merke vnd wisse das eyn ~~kru~phaw~~^schilhaw / ist eyn öberhaw von der / rechten seiten / mit der hindern sneiden des sw°tes / dy die linke seite ist genãt / vnd get recht zam schilende ader schiks dar / czu eyner zeite~ aus geschreten / czu der rechten / mit vorwantem sw°te / vnd vorworfner hant / Vnd der selbe haw der bricht als das püffel / das ist ey~ pawer / mag geslaen / von obñ neder als sie phleken ^czu tuen / Recht zam der twerhaw auch das selbe bricht / als vor ist geschreben / Vnd wer mit durchwechsel drewt / der wirt mit dem schilhaw beschemet / Vnd eyn° sal wol schilhawe~ vnd lank genuk / vnd den ort vaste schissen / anders her wirt gehindert / mit / durchwechsel / Vnd / eyner sal / wol schiln mit dem orte / czu dem halse ku~lich ane vorchte / Vnd
When you see that you both pull the swords from the sheaths, then you shall be forceful and note well the steps. Before and after these two things try and learn with leaping of, follow all hits if you want to humble the strong. If he defends then follow and withdraw thrust, if he defends then pull to him. The turning and hanging learn to artfully do and try the (opponent’s) intentions whether they are soft or hard. And if he fights with strength, then you are artfully prepared, if he grabs widely and far around, then the shooting defeats him. With his strike, he will hardly defend himself, hit without fear, strike and quickly rush in, regardless if you hit or miss. Do not strike to the sword, but always to the openings. Whether you hit or miss, always seek the openings with both your hands learn to bring the point to the eyes. Fence with good mind and always win the first strike if you hit or miss, at once seek the after strike to both sides, to the right hand side step in to the opponent. Thus you can win fencing or wrestling.	[29v] Wo man von scheidñ / sw°t czucken siet von in beiden / Do sal mã sterken / vnd dy schrete ebñ mete merken / Vor / noch / dy czwey dink / prüfe / vnd m^t lere abe sprink / Volge allen treffen / den starken / wiltu sy effen / Wert her ^so czucke / stich / wert her / io czu ym rücke / Dy winden / vnd hengen / lere kunstlichen dar brengen / Vnd prüfe dy ferte / ab sy sint weich aber herte / Ab her deñe stark vicht zo bistu ku~stlich bericht / Vnd greiffet ^her weite ader lenge an / das schissen gesigt im an / Mit synem slaen / harte schützt her sich • triff ane forchte / Haw dreyn vnd hurt dar / rawsche hin / trif ader la varn / Haw nicht czum sw°te / zonder stetzs der blössen warte / Du treffest ader velest / zo trachte das du der blössen remest / Mit beiden henden / czu~ oge~ ort lere bre~gen / fficht io mt syñen / vnd allemal den vorslag gewyñe / her treffe ader vele / mit dem nochslage czu hant reme / Czu~ beiden seiten / czu der rechten / ~~seite~~^mit im schreite / So magstu mit gewyñe / fechtens ader ringens begynnen /
This is regarding the Scalp strike The scalp strike is a danger to your face. With its turn it takes the breast fast and what comes from him the crown will take. Cut through the crown, that is how it is strongly broken. Press the strike in there, with cuts pull it away. The scalp strike I praise, if it does not come too slowly.	[30r] Das ist von deme scheitelhawe etc ~ DEr scheitelere • deyn antlitz ist ym gefere / Mit seinem karen • der broste vaste gewaren / Was von ym kümet • dy crone das abe nym~et / Sneyt durch dy krone • zo brichstu sie harte schone / Dy striche drücke • mit sneten sie abe rücke / Den scheitelhaw ich preize / kü~pt her dar / nicht czu leize /
Liechtenauer holds only these four guards that come from the upper and lower hangings, and from these one can fence safely.	[32r] lichtnawer helt nur eczwas võ den vier leger dorv~me das sy aus den ober vnd vnder henge~ gehñ doraus mã schire mag gechte bre~gen etc
This is regarding the four guards. Four guards only, and leave the common ones alone. The ox, plough, fool, from above/the roof, these should not be unknown to you. Glossa. Here he mentions four guards that are valuable. But before all things, remember that you should not remain too long in one guard. Liechtenauer has a saying “He who is still, is dead, he who moves will live”. And from these guards comes the understanding that you should move in swordplay, and not wait in a guard and thus waste your chance. The first guard, the plough, is when you hold the point (of the sword) in front of you aimed at the ground or to the side. After a displacement it is called the barrier guard or simply the gate. The second guard is the ox, or the upper hanging from the shoulder. The fool breaks what (your opponent) strikes or thrusts. From the hanging strike and at once and follow by attacking after. The third guard the fool is the lower hanging, and with it you break all strikes and thrusts when it is done correctly. The fourth guard is from the roof, is also the long point. He, who does it well with outstretched arms, is not easy to hit with strikes or thrusts. It can also be called the hanging above the head. Also know that you break all guards and positions with the strikes. You should strike bravely at the opponent so that he must move away and defend him. Therefore Liechtenauer does not hold the guards in such a high esteem; he is more interested in that you try to win the first strike.	Das ist von den vier leger / etc ~ VIer leger alleyne • do von halt vnd flewg dy gemeyne / Ochse • pflug • alber • vom tage nicht sy dir v^emmer / Glosa etc / Hie nent her vier leger ader vier hute~ / do võ etzwas czu halde~ ist / Doch vor allen sache~ / zo sal ey~ mã io nicht czu / lãge doryñe lege~ / We~ lichtnaw° hat eyn sölch sprichwort / wer do leit der ist tot / wer sich rüret der lebt noch / vnd das get of dy leger das sich ey~n mã sal liber rure~ mit gefechten de~ das her / der hute~ wart / mit dem her vorslosse~ möcht dy schancze / Dy erste hute / pflug is / dy / we~ eyn° de~ ort vor sich of dy erde legt ader czu der seiten / noch dem abesetze~ / das heyssen and° / dy schranckhute / ad° dy pforte / Dy and° hute ochse / ist das oberhenge~ / von der achsel Alber io bricht / was man hewt ader sticht / Mit hengen streiche / nochreizen setze gleiche Dy dritte hute / alber / ist das vnderhenge~ / mit der mã alle hewe~ vnd stiche / bricht / wer dy recht füret / Dy vierde hute / vom tage / ist der lange ort / wer den wol furet mit gestragtem arme~ / den mag mã ^nicht mit hewe~ / noch mit stiche~ wol treffen / Is mag auch wol heissen / das henge~ ober dem hawpte Auch wisse / das man alle leger vnd hute~ bricht mit hewen / mit deme / daz mã eyme ku~lich czu hewt / zo mus io ^eyn° of varn vnd sich schutze~ / Dorvem helt lichtnaw° nicht vil von den legern ader hute~ / zu~der her schaft lib° daz sich eyn° besorge vor im / mit dem das her den vorslag gewi~t ~~ut ptuit~~
This is regarding the four displacements There are four displacements that also hurt the guards seriously. Displacing will protect you but avoid doing parries, if they occur (that is when the opponent parries) it helps you a lot. If you are displaced, then no matter how it happened, this is what I advice you to do; strike off quickly and with attention. Set on at four ends; remain there if you want to finish the teaching. He, who displaces well, will hurt many strikes in the swordplay for you come handily into the hangings from the displacements. Glossa. Note here that there are four displacements to both sides, to each side one above and one below. They break all guards, and no matter how you set aside a strike or thrust from above or from below, this can well be called a displacement. If he displaces you, then no matter how he does it, leave (his sword) and strike quickly at him. If it happens that you displace the opponent’s strike or thrust, then you should at once step in and follow at the sword so that he cannot move away from you. And if the other does the same when you are hanging again and gather yourself, then you will get hurt. You should also turn well and always aim your point at his breast so that he must consider this. A good swordsman should also learn how to get at the opponent’s sword. And this you will do well from the displacements that comes from the four strikes, from each side an upper strike and an and into the four hangings. Since as soon as you can displace from above or below, then you shall come into the hangings at once. And as you turn aside all strikes and thrusts with the foremost edge, that is also displacing.	[32v] Das it von vier vorsetczen VIer sint vorsetczen • dy dy leger auch sere letczen / Vorsetczen hüt dich • geschiet das auch sere müt dich / Ab dir vorsatzt ist • vnd wy das dar komen ist / Höre was ich rate • streich abe • haw snel mete drate / Setzt an vier enden • bleib droffe kere wiltu enden / ^{wer wol vorsetczit / der vechte vil hewe letczit / wen yn dy hengen / ku~pstu mt vorsetcze~ behe~de /} / Glosa / Hie merke / das vier vorsetczen sint / czu beiden / seiten / czu itlich° seiten / eyn obers / vnd eyns v^enders / vnd dy letcze~ ader brechñ / alle hute~ ader leger / vnd wy du von obñ / ader von vnde~ / eyme / hewe stiche ader snete / mit deyme sw°te abeleitest / ader abweisest / das mag wol heissen vorsetcze~ / Vnd ab dir vorsatz w°t wy das dar ku~pt / zo czewch rislich abe • vnd haw snelle mete czu / yn eyme hurte / Ist deñe das du eyme vorsetzt / ader abewe~dest eyn haw ader stich / zo saltu / czu hant czu trete~ vnd nochvolge~ am sw°te das dir ien° icht abeczihe / vnd salt deñe tue~ was du magst / wy leichte du dich last vnd zümest zo nym~estu schaden / Auch saltu wol we~de~ / vnd allemal dey~ ort ^keren key~s ey~s brust / zo mus h° sich besorgen / Auch sal ey~ guter fechter / wol lerne~ / eyme an das swert kome~ ~~kome~~~ / vnd das mag / her wol tue~ / m^t den vorsetcze~ / wen dy kome~ aus den vier hewe~ / võ itzlicher seite~ / ey~ öb°haw vnd ey~ v^enderhaw / vnd gen yn dy vier henge~ we~ als bald als eyn° vorsetzt võ vnde~ / ader von obñ / zo sal her czu hãt yn dy he~gen komen • Vnd als her mt der vörd°n sneiden / alle hewe vnd stiche / abewe~dt / als ist es m^t den vorsetczen /
This is regarding attacking after Learn to attack after twofold or cut in the defence. Two outer takings let the work begin. And try the contact, if it is weak, or hard learn how to feel, at once–that word cuts severely. Attack twofold, and also do the old cut well, follow all hits if you whish to emulate the strong one. In all teachings, turn the point into the face and attack after with all your body then your point will do well. Learn to attack with skill and you will make a good ending.	[33r] Das ist von nochreisen etc etc NOchreisen lere • czwefach s ader sneit in dy were / Czwey ewsere myñe • der erbeit dornoch begyñe / Vnd prüff dy ferte • ab sye sint weich ader herte / Das fülen lere • Indes • das wort sneidet sere / Reisen czwefache • den alden snet mete mache / Volge allen treffen • den starken wiltu sy effen / In aller lere / den ort key~ ey~s gesichte kere / Mit gãczem leibe / nochreize / deyn ort io da pleibe / lere auch behende / reize~ / zo magstu wol enden
This is regarding the running over Swordsman, take notice. He who seeks below, run over him above and he will be ashamed. When it flashes above, be strong, that I will praise. Do your work, or press strongly twofold. He who presses you down, run him over and strike hard against him. From both sides run over and notice the edges.	[33v] Das ist von öberlawfen / ffechter sich czu / WEr vnden remet • öberlawf den / der wirt beschemet / Wen is klitzt oben • so sterke das ger ich loben / Deyn erbeit mache • ader herte drücke czwefache / Wer dich drükt neder • öberlawf in • slach sere weder / Von beiden seite~ öberlawf vnd merke dy sneiden /
This is regarding the setting aside, learn it well Learn to set aside, to hurt strikes and thrusts with skill. When he thrust at you, your point will hit and break his. From both sides, always step if you wish to hit. In all teachings turn your point into his face.	[34r] Das ist von abesetczen / das lere wol ~ LEre abesetczen • hewe stiche kü~stlichen letczen / Wer auf dich sticht • dyn ort trift vnd seynen bricht / Von payden seyten • trif allemal wiltu schreiten / In aller lere / dey~ ort key~ ey~s gesichte kere /
This is regarding changing through Learn how to change through from both sides and thrust with intent. He who binds you (your sword) is found to be open by the changing through. When you have “changed through”, strike, thrust or turn. Do not strike at the sword but change through and do not wait for (or with doing the changing through, do it at once) it. Glossa. Glossa. Note here that changing through goes straight forward on both sides, from above to below and from below upwards when done quickly. If you wish to change through from above to below on the right side, then strike an upper strike straight at him so that you shoot your point towards the left side in over his cross guard, so that you hit in that small opening between the edge and the cross guard. If you hit then you have won. If he defends against that and presses your point with his sword, then let the point sink down on the side that you are on, below his sword and around to the other side, do not make a wide movement around, but under his sword and the next thing that you do is to rush in with a good strong thrust over his cross guard. And when you feel that you hit, then follow well and as you do on one side over or under, do also on the other side. And if he binds with you, go in along his sword to the openings with your point and change through as before. Or turn and feel what he is up to, if he is weak or strong, and then try strikes, thrusts or cuts to his openings. When you have changed through, then strike, thrust or cut, and do not strike at the sword, and do not wait with it.	[34v] Das ist vom durchwechsel / etc etc DVrchwechsel lere • von payden seyten stich mete sere / Wer auf dich bindet • durchwechsel in schire vindet / ^{Wen du durchwechselt hast / slach stich / ader winde nicht laz / Haw nicht czu~ sw°te / durchwechsel • do mete warte} / Glosa / :~ Hie merke / das durchwechsel gar gerade czugehet / czu beiden seiten / von oben neder / vnd von vnden of / wer is and°s rischlich treibet / Wiltu nu / czu der rechten hant / von oben neder durchwechseln / zo haw eyn öberhaw gleich czu ym / alzo das du dynen ort schüst / ym czu seyner linken seiten öber dem gehilcze yn / alzo das du das selbe löchel vnd fensterleyn / io gerade treffest / czwischen der sneide~ vnd deme gehilcze / triftz du / zo hastu ~~geseget~~ / gesigt / wert her dir das / mit deme das her dyn ort abe / weist vnd ^hin drückt / mit seyme sw°te / So la dyn ort sinken von der selben seiten vnder seyme swerte herv^em / czu der and°n seiten / nicht weit vem / zonder vnden an sym sw°te / zo du neste magst / vnd da var ym gar rischlich / öber dem gehilcze yn / mit eyme guten volkomen stiche / vnd wen du fülest das du trifts / zo volge wol noch Vnd alz du võ eyner seite~ tust / vnde~ ad° oben / zo tu võ der and°n / Vnd wer mit dir anbindet / zo rawsche an sym sw°te hin keyn seyner blöße / mit dym orte / ^{w°t her} zo durchwechsel / also vor / ader wind vnd füle sein geferte / ab is sey weich ader herte / dornoch süch hewe stiche / ad° snete / key~ de~ blößen /
This is regarding withdrawing, take note swordsman. Step in close in the bind and then the withdrawing gives good findings. Withdraw, if it hits (or perhaps strike at you), withdraw more and work him, wind that is trouble for him. Withdraw in all encounters with the masters if you wish to fool them. Withdraw the sword and consider your path.	[35r] Das ist vom Czücken / ffecht° merke / TRit nü in bünde • das czücken gibt gute fünde / Czük / trift her / czucke/me • erbeit her / wind / das tut im we / Czük alle treffen • den meist°n wiltu sye effen / Czuk/ab vom swerte / vnd gedenke io deyner ferte / ~~durchlawf~~ /
This is regarding the running through, now look Run through and let the pommel hang, take hold if you wish to wrestle. If one presses at you, run trough and note. Run through, thrust and turn (in this case inverting is also possible) if he grabs the pommel.	[35v] Das ist von durchlawfen / nü sich DVrchlawf loz hangen • mit dem knawf / greif wiltu rangen / Wer kegen der sterke / durchlawfir do mete merke / Durchlawf / vnd stos / vorkere / greift her noch dem klos /
This is regarding the cutting off. Cut off the attacks from below in both directions. Four are the cuts – two below and also two above. If you cut well crosswise, you will eagerly avoid injury. Do not cut in haste, first consider the attack. You can well cut against all crosses; only leave the pulling (back/around) (alone?). If you wish to be without hurt, then do not go as you cut off (a possible meaning is do not waste time stepping when you cut, but do it as a stationary movement).	[36r] Das ist von abesneiden etc etc ~ SNeit abe dy herten / von vnden in beiden ferten / Vier sint der snete / czwene vnden • czwene oben mete / Czwir wer wol sneidet / den schaden her g°ne meidet / Sneit nicht in vreize / betrachte~ io vor dy reize / du magst wol sneiden • alle krewtz / nür reisen vormeiden / wiltu ane schade~ bleibe~ / zo bis nicht gee mt de~ / sneide~
This is regarding pressing the hands Turn your edge; push the hands to the flats. One thing is turning, another is winding, the third the hanging. If you want to press the swordsman, then press with a thrust. From above the hands you strike the cuts well. Pull around with the cuts as well, above him, over the head. If you press the hands, you will withdraw your fingers without injury.	[36v] Das ist von hende drücken/ etc etc DEyn sneide wende / czum flechen drücke dy hende / Eyn anders / ist wenden • eyns winden / das dritten hengen / Wiltu mache~ vordrossen / dy vechter / zo drucke mit stössen / Ober dy hende / ~~hewstu~~ hewet man snete behe~de / Czewch och dy~ snete / obe~ aus öber de~ hewpte / Wer he~de drückit / ane schade~ / vor fi~ger czückit /
Also know that as soon as you turn a strike or thrust aside then you shall at once step in and go quickly at him. Do not hold back again, because if you do, then you will cause yourself to be hurt.	Auch wisse / als bald / als du m^t dem we~de~ / eyme ey~ haw ader stich / abe we~dest / zo saltu czu hãt czu trete~ / vnd rischlich dar varn czu eyme / wy leichte du dich last vnd zümest / zo ny~stu schaden
And you should also know that it is the foremost edge from the middle and up to the cross guard that you use to set aside all strikes or thrusts. The closer to the cross guard a strike or thrust comes, the easier it will be to set these strikes and thrusts aside strongly. Since the closer to the cross guard (you catch the attack) the stronger you are, and the closer to the point the weaker you are. That is why if you wish to be a good swordsman before all things learn how to set aside well, since if you set aside well you will come at once into the turning in and from these you can perform artfully and courteously in the fencing.	Auch merke vnd wisse / das man mit der vördern sneiden des swertes / vom mittel der selben sneiden / bis czu deme gehilcze / alle hewe ad° stiche abewendet / Vnd e neher eyme / eyn haw ader stich czu syme gehilcze ku~pt / of der selben sneiden / mit deme als ^her im gewendet hat dy selbe vörder sneide / e bas / vnd e kreftiger / her dy selben hewe ader stiche / abewenden mag / Weñe e neher czum gehilcze e sterker vnd e / mechtiger / Vnd e neher/czum orte / ~~e quesw~~ [?] e swecher vnd e krenkher / Dorv^em wer eyn guter fechter wil seyn / der sal vör allen dingen lernen wol abewenden / Wen mit dem das her wol abewendet ku~pt her czu hant yn dy winden / aus den her wol ku~st vnd höbscheit mag treibe~ dez gefechtez /
The foremost edge on the sword is called the right/true edge and all strikes or thrusts are wasted by the turning.	Dy vörder sneyde / am sw°te heist dy rechte sneide / vnd alle hewe ad° stiche sint vorterbe~ mt de~ we~de~
This is regarding the Hanging swordsman learn this. These are the two hangings from one hand towards the ground. In all situations you should strike, thrust, (hold) guards, (be) soft or hard. Do the talking window, stand joyfully and study the opponent’s intentions. Strike so that he tries to step away from you, I say honestly that no one defends without danger. If you have understood this, then he will not come to blows. If it happens that you are on the sword, then you should also do strikes, thrusts or cuts, and remember to feel and not move away from the sword without reason. A masterful technique is done rightfully/correctly on the sword. He who binds with you, the war will wrestle him seriously. The noble turning in finds him for sure. With strikes, with thrusts and with cuts you will find him. In all turning in, strikes, thrusts and cuts should you find well. The noble hanging would not exist without the turning in, since out of the hanging you shall make the turning in. Glossa. Note and understand that there are two hangings on each side. One upper and one lower hanging and with these you can come well on the sword of the opponent, they originate from the upper and lower strikes. When it happens that you bind with the opponent, or when you find yourself on his sword then you should remain on his sword. And you shall turn and thus joyfully and without fear remain on his sword. You shall see, await and understand what it is that he intends to do against you. And to remain thus on the sword Liechtenauer calls this the talking window. When you stand thus with him on your sword, then you should feel and follow his movement if it is soft or strong. Then you should adapt in such a way as has been explained earlier. In the case that prior to everything else, even before you can do anything, he moves off the sword, then you should follow at once and strike or thrust as well as you can before he has the chance to do anything. You have a shorter way if you remain on the sword and aim your point in at him than he has if he tries to move away (from your sword). Before he can gather himself and close in with a strike, go at once at him using your point. But if he remains with you on the sword, then try and feel if he is soft or hard on the sword. If he is soft and weak, then you should quickly and courageously go forward with the strong part of your sword and push back and press his sword and seek all openings to the head or the body wherever you have a chance. If the other is strong and hard on the sword and intends to push you away and thrust at you, then you should be weak and soft against his strength and yield to move away with your sword from the strong pressure he is applying and in this weakness, while he is pressing (you) and shoots his sword away from him (away from his body since he is pushing yours), as has been described, then at once that it happens but before he can gather himself again, so that he can’t strike or thrust, you should attack his openings with strikes, thrusts and cuts. Do this in the easiest way as has been described in this teaching, quickly and boldly and briskly so that he can’t come to blows. That is why Liechtenauer says “I say in all honesty that no man can defend himself without danger, if you have understood this he will not be able to come to blows”. With that he means that it is not possible to defend without being in danger or without getting hurt if you act according to this teaching. If you win and do the first strike then he can either defend himself or let himself get struck. When you do the first strike, regardless if you hit or miss then you should quickly and briskly do the after strike before he can come to blows. So when you wish to do the first strike then you should also do the quickly and speedily so that he cannot come to blows himself. And you should also make sure that in all things concerning swordsmanship that you act before your opponent does. And as soon as you move before him and win the first strike, at once do the after strike. You should never do the first strike if you do not have the in mind at the same time, meaning that you are always in motion and do not rest or hold yourself back but does one thing after another quickly and decisively so that your opponent can’t do anything at all. If you do this, then he must indeed be a good one if he can manage to get away without being struck by you. So with this art or advantage it often happens that a peasant will beat up a good master if the peasant does the and boldly pushes forward. Thus when you understand the word at once/in an instant hits, shames and defeats your opponent. One who hesitates and wants to wait in order to defend himself against the strike is in greater danger than the one who strikes at him and thus wins the first strike. Therefore in all things concerning swordsmanship make sure that you are the first and come at the opponent on your right hand side. Then you will be safer than him no matter what comes.	[37r] Das ist von hengen / ffecht° daz lere / ~ Czwey hengen werden / aus eyner hant von der erden / In allen ^geferten / hewe stiche leger weich ader herte / Sprechfenster mache / stant frölich sich syne sache / ~~Sch~~ Slach das her snabe / wer vor dir zich czewt abe / Ich sage vor ware / sich schützt keyn man ane vare / Hastu vornome~ / czu slage mag her kleyne komen / Is das du bleibest am swerte da mete auch treibest / Hewe stiche ader snete / das fülen merke mete / An alles vor~~czh~~czihen / vom swerte du ^auch nicht salt flien / wen meister gefechte / ist am swerte von rechte / wer an dich bindet / der krik mit im sere ringet / Das edle winden / kan in auch schire vinden / Mit hewen mit stichen mit sneten vindest in werlichen / In allen winden hewe stiche snete saltu vinden / Das edle hengen / wil nicht syn an dy windñ wen aus den henge~ / saltu dy wi~den bre~gen / / Glosa / etc Hie merke vnd wisse das czu itzlicher seiten sint czwey hengen / Eyn vnderhengen / vnd eyn öbirhengen / mit den du eyme wol an das swert magst komen / ^{wen dy kome~ aus den öb°hewe~ vnd vnderhewen} / Wen das nu geschiet / das du mit eyme an bindest / ader wy du süst mit im an das swert kömps zo salt du an dem swerte bleybñ ~~vnd salt~~ vnd salt winden • vnd salt alzo mit im gar [37v] frölichen / mit gutem mute / vnd künlichen an alle vorchte / an dem sw°te stehen / Vnd salt gar ebñ sehen / merken vnd warten was her wolle tuen / ader was syne sache sey / der her key~ dir pflegen wölle / Vnd daz stehen / alzo an deme swerte / das heisset lichtnaw° eyn sprechvanster / Vnd wen du nü mit im alzo an dem sw°te stehst / zo salt du gar ebñ merken vnd fülen syne geferte / ab sie sint weich aber herte / dornoch salt du dich deñe richte~ als vor ofte gesproche~ ist / Ist / das her sich vör allen sachen / e deñe du noch ichsicht begyñest / abe czewt von deme sw°te / zo salt du czu hant noch volgen vnd salt in slaen hawe~ ader steche~ was du am schiresten magst dar bre~gen / e den her czu keyn°leye dinge kome / ^{weñe du hast io neher czu im mit dem das du am sw°te blibest / vnd dyn ort key~ im reckest / we~ iener mit syme abe czihen / den e her sich ey~s slags erholt dir dar brengt / zo var czu hãt dar mt dy~ orte/} Bleibt her aber mit dir an dem sw°te / zo prüfe / io vnd merke / ab her sy weich aber herte an dem swerte / Ist das her ist / weich vnd swach / zo saltu rischlichen vnd künlichen volvaren vnd dar hurten / mit dyner sterke / vnd salt / im syn swert hin dringen vnd drücken / vnd süche~ syne bloßen / czu koppe ader czu leibe / wo du nür czu magst komen / Ist iener a° deñe herte vnd stark an deme sw°te / vnd meynt dich vaste hin dringen vnd stossen / zo saltu deñe weich vnd swach seyn / keyn syner sterke / vnd salt syner sterke vnd syme dringen mit dynen sw°te entwychen [38r] vnd yn dem weiche~ als im syn sw°t im hin prelt vnd wischt / als vor auch von deme geschrebñ ist / In deme ad° dy weile als das im geschit / e deñe her sichs weder irholen mag / dar her czu keyme slage ader stiche kome / Zo saltu selber syner blössen war neme~ / mit hewe~ stiche~ ader sneten / wo du in am schireste~ gehabñ magst / noch der vorgeschrebñ lere / risch / künlich vnd snelle das io iener mit nichte czu slage kome Dorvm spricht lichtnaw° / ich sag vorwar • sich schutzt key~ man ane var / Hastu vornomen / czu slage mag er kleyne kome~ / Do mitt meynt her / das sich keyn° mag ane var ader ane schaden schutcze~ / Is das du tust noch der geschrebñ lere / Ab du im den vorslag gewyñest vnd tust den mus io iener were~ / ad° mus sich lasse slaen / wen du deñe den vorslag tust / du trefst ader velest / zo saltu rischlich vnd in eyme rawsche den nochslag tue~ / e deñe iener czu keyme slage kome / Deñe wen du den vorslag wilt tue~ / zo saltu recht / zã yn eyme gedanke vnd mute den nochslag auch tue~ / recht zam du sy mit ey~nander wellest tue~ / we~ is möglich were / Dorvm spricht her / vor • noch / dy cwey dink etc ~ den tust du den vorslag / du treffest / ader velest / zo tu io / in eyme rawsche / risch vnd snelle den nochslag / das iener mit nichte [38v] czu slage kome / vnd alzo saltu schaffen das du yn allen sache~ des fechtens io e komest deñe iener / vnd als balde als du e kum~est deñe ien° / vnd den vorslag gewiñest / zo tu czu hãt den nochslag / Wen du salt key~ vorslag tue~ / du habst io / de~ nochslag auch mete ym synne vnd ym mute / also dastu vm~mer in motu seist / vnd mit nichte feyerst ader last / zonder vm~erm° eyns noch dem and°n treibst / risch vnd snelle das iener czu keyne~ dingen moge kome~ / Vorwar tustu / das / zo mus her gar eyn guter syn der ungeslage~ von dir kum~t / Weñe mt der selben ku~st / ader m^t dem vorteil ~~das~~ / ku~pt is oft / das ey~ pawer ader eyn ungelarter eyn gute~ meist° / slet / m^t deme • das her den vorslag tuet / vnd künlich dar hurt / den wy leiche ist das obersehñ / das in/deß trift vnd in alzo beschemet vnd slet / deñe eyn° der der slege war nym~et / vnd des schütcze~s wil warten / der ist io in grosser var / deñe ien° der do of in slet / vnd den vorslag gewyñet / Dorvm~e schaffe / das du yn allen sache~ des fechtens der erste bist / vnd io eyme of dy ~~linke~~^rechte / seiten komest / do bist du wol aller dinge sicher deñe ien° /
From both sides learn eight turning in with steps. And one turning in with three pieces I mean thus it is twenty-four if you count them one by one. Swordsmen notice it and note the turning in correctly. And learn to do them well and you will be able to hit the four openings since each opening surely has six ways to be hit. Glossa. Note here that the turning in is the rightful art and foundation of all fencing with the sword. From these stem all other fencings and techniques and it is impossible to be a good swordsman (without knowing) the turning in. There are many play masters who despise it and say that what comes out of the turning is very weak and calls it “of the shortened sword” since it is so easy and uncomplicated. And look at those who use the long sword and who goes about it with outstretched arms and outstretched sword in order to look dangerous and to look good, using all the strength of the body. It is terribly embarrassing to see someone thus stretched out as if he wanted to run after a hare. And this has nothing to do with turning in or Liechtenauer’s art, since this art does not require strength. If it was not an art, then the strong would always win.	[39v] VOn beiden seiten / ler acht wi~den mit schreite~ / Vnd io ir eyne / der wi~de~ m^t drey~ stöcke~ meyne / So synt ir czwenczik • vnd vier / czele sy enczik / ffechter das achte / vnd dy winden rechte betrachte / Vnd lere sy wol fure~ / zo magst du dy vier blößen rüre~ / Wen itzliche blösse / hat sechs ruren gewisse / [40r] / Glosa / :• Hie merke / das dy winden / sint dy rechte kunst / vnd gru~tfeste alles fechten / des sw°tes / aus den alle ander gefechte vnd stöcke kome~ / vnd is mag mülich eyn guter fechter /syn / ane dy winden / Wy wol etzliche leychmeistere • dy vornichte~ / vnd spreche~ is sy gar swach was aus den winden ku~pt / vnd neñen is / aus dem korcze~ sw°te / dorvm~e das sy slecht vnd ey~veldik dar gen / vnd meyne~ das sy / aus dem lange~ sw°te gefochte~ / was dar get / m^t gestracke~ arme~ / vnd m^t gestrakte~ swerte / vnd was gar veyntlich vnd stark von alle~ krefte~ des leybes dar get / nur durch wol stehens wille / vnd das is grawsam an czu sehñ ist / we~ sich eyn° alzo strekt / recht zam her eyne~ hazen wolle irlawfen / vnd daz ist alles nicht / weder dy winden vnd weder lichtnaw°s kunst / wen do ist keyne sterke weder / deñe worvm~e wer anders ku~st / solde allemal dy sterke vörczihen /

43r - 52v

Additional longsword teachings by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewßen, and "the Priest" Hans Döbringer

53r - 59v

Roßfechten by Johannes Liechtenauer

60r - 62r

Kampffechten by Johannes Liechtenauer

64r - 65r

Recapitulation of the teachings of Liechtenauer
English Translation by Anonymous	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
Here anew and again the pieces and rules of The armorless fencing of Master Liechtenauer with short and simple words by greater and better information and explanation, what I had said and written before in the rhymes and in the adjected explanations, hard to interpret and incomprehensible, that is with simple words short are repeated.	[64r] HIe vornewt man • vnd vor/ander weit / dy stöcke vnd gesetze / des blozfechtens / meister lichtnaw°s mit korczer vnd mit slechter rede / durch lsob vnd besser vorste~du~ge vnd vornemu~ge wille / Ab vor ichsicht ist geschrebñ • in den Reymen vnd in der glozen / unbedewtlich vnd unvornemlich / das daz mit slechter rede körtzlich w°de öberlawfen /
First mark and remember that Liechtenaur’s Fencing is aligned at the Five Words Vor, Nach, Schwach, Stark, Indes; these are the principles and the fundament of all fighting. And [regardless] how good one can fight, if he does only not know the fundament, he will be humiliated often by all his art. And these Words are covered often before. Cause they are solely based that one is always in motion, and does not celebrate or slacken, so that the other cannot counter. Cause "Vor", "Nach" are meaning "Vorschlag" and "Nachschlag", as mentioned often before. And that is based on that, what is called principium and finis, beginning and ending. If a earnest, good Fencer therefore fences with someone, and wants to beat him by his art, and not wants to be beaten, than he should not do it without beginning and without ending. Wants he to beginn well, he should labour, that he gains against him the "Vorschlag" and wins, and not the other. For he, who hits like this at the other, he is safe and protected better because of that the other must observe the blows and take care. If ones wins the "Vorschlag" and he does hit or fail, so he should thereafter inmediately without stopping in the same momentum do the "Nachschlag" (that is the next beat, than the third, the fourth or the fifth, if it is a blow or a thrust, so that he is always in motion and carries on with one following another without stopping, so that the other cannot counter. That’s why Liechtenauer is telling "I say truly, no man guards without emergency (without getting in danger - sine pericolo). Have you recognized that, he may not counter you." Do exactly like it is written often before: stay in motion. The word "Indes" arises from the words "Vor"-"Nach" if one does the "Vorschlag" and the other parries it. „Indes“ and meanwhile the other is parrying and guarding himself, the first one may get a good chance to get the "Nachschlag". As well it arises from the words "Schwach"-"Stark", that implies the "Fühlen", in the case that one is "am Schwert" with the other and feels, if the other is strong or feable, he can therefore act according the described lore. And the fundament needs above all the principles: boldness, quickness, wariness, cunning, and prudence. And in all things be modest, if he wins the Vorschlag, than do not be too hasty, so that you are ready for the Nach-Schlag. And do not take too large steps, so that you are ready for another step back or forward as it may be appropriate. Like Liechtenauer said: "On this you can mount, all things have largeness and smallness". Therefore one should not be absent-minded and should in advance consider well what he wants to do and exactly that he should than keenly execute and drive swiftly to the other's head or body and not to the sword. As long as one hits properly at the other's head or body, than this happens to the Four Openings, but for all that one arrives at the (other’s) sword without his proposition. That is why as the other is protecting, he protects himself with the sword, so that the sword arrives at the sword at last. Hence Liechtenauer said: "Do not hit at the sword always the aim to openings hold. At the head or the body, so that harm stays away. If you hit or fail, seek to aim at the openings. In all lore turn your point keen in his face. And who makes big movements, will be humiliated. At the very nearest bring hits and thrusts properly. And hurry, that the other will not be the first to arrive. So you may stand against a good fighter."	Czu dem ersten merke vnd lso / das lichtnaw°s fechten leit gar an den fünff wört°n • vor • noch • swach • stark • Indes / Dy eyn gru~t / kern vnd fu~dament / seyn alles fechtens / vnd wy vil eyner fechtens kan / weis her nür des fu~damentz nicht / zo wirt her oft bey lsob ku~st beschemet / vnd dy selben wörter sint vor oft aus gelegt / wen si nür of das gehe~ das eyner vm~erm° in motu sey vnd nicht veyer ader lasse / das ien° icht czu slage kome / wen • vor • noch / bedewten / vorslag / vnd nochslag / als vor oft ist geschrebñ / vnd das gehet of das / daz do heisset / p°ncipiu~ vnd finis / anhebu~ge vnd endunge / wen eyn ernst° gut° fechter / ficht dorvem mit eyme / das her mit syner ku~st eyne~ wil lso / vnd nicht geslage~ w°den / vnd das mag her nicht tue~ an anhebu~ge vnd ane endu~ge / wil her deñe wol anhebñ / zo schaffe her das her io den vorslag / habe vnd gewiñe / vnd nicht iener / den eyner der do slet of eyne~ / der ist io / [64v] sicher / vnd bas bewart / dez halben deñe iener der / dirslege mus war nemen vnd warten / wen her deñe den vorslag gewint vnd tuet / her treffe ader vele / zo sal her deñe dornoch / im~ediate ane vnderloz in dem selben rawsche den nochslag tuen / das ist den and°n slag / den dritten den vierdñ ader den fümften / is sey haw ader stich lso das her vm~ermer in motu sey / Vnd eyns noch dem and°n treibe / ane vnderloz das her io ienen nicht las czu slage kome~ / Dorvem spricht lichtnawer Ich sage vorware / sich schützt key~ man ane vare sine ?ãpn(?)o / Hastu vornomen / czu slage mag her kleyne komen / Tu / nür als vor oft geschrebñ ist / vnd bis in motu / Das wort Indes get of dy wörter / vor • noch den wen eyner den vorslag tuet / vnd ien° den weret / Indes vnd dyweile das in ien° weret vnd sich schützt zo mag deser wol czu dem nochslag / komen / Auch get is of dy wörter • swach • stark / dy do bedewten daz fülen / den wen eyner an dem sw°te ist / mit ieme vnd fület ab ien° stark ader swach ist / dornoch tut her deñe noch der oft geschrebñ lere / Vnd das fu~dame~t wil vor allen sachen dy pñcipia habñ / Kunheit / Rischeit / Vorsichtikeit / list / vnd klukheit / etc Vnd och yn allen dingen moze / ab her nü den vorslag gewiñet / den sal her nicht zo gar swinde tuen das her sich deste bas des nochslags irholen mag / vnd sal och nicht czu weit schreiten / das d her sich deste bas ey~s [65r] and°n schretes hindersich ader vorsich ab sichs gepürt möchte irholen / als lichtnaw° spricht Dorof dich zoße / alle dink habñ lenge vnd moße / Dorvm sal eyner nicht gehe syn / vnd sal sich vor / wol bedenken was her treibñ wil vnd das selbe sal her deñe künlich treibñ vnd eyme rischlich dar varn czu koppe ader czu leibe / vnd mit nichte czu~ swerte / lsob eyn° im eyme gar gewislich ~~eyme~~ hewt czu koppe ader czu leibe / daz ist czu den vier blossen / deñoch ku~pt ist oft czu~ sw°te an eyns dank / Is das sich iener schützt / zo schützt her sich mt dem ^sw°te / lso das is deñoch czu~ sw°te~ ku~pt / Dorvem spricht lichtnaw° / Haw nicht czum sw°te / zonder ~~stes~~ stetz der blosse~ warte / Czu koppe czu leibe / wiltu ane schade~ bleibñ / Du trefst ader velest / zo trachte das du / Io / der blössen remest / In aller lere / dey~ ort keyn eyns gesichte kere / Vnd wer weit vm~ehewet / der wirt oft sere / beschemet / Off daz aller neste / bre~ge hewe ader stiche dar gewisse / Vnd dich züme io / das ien° icht e kome wen du / So magstu wol bestan / recht vor eyne~ gute~ man /

66v - 73v

Astrological texts, magical and medicinal recipes, name magic

74r

Anonymous treatise on sword and buckler (fragment)
English Translation by Michael Chidester	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
Here begins the fencing with the shield, etc. Who wants to learn to fence with the shield or with the buckler must first know...	Hie hebt sich an fechte~ mit dem schilde / etc WEr do mit dem schilde wil lernen fechten ader mit deme pökeler / der sal czu dem aller ersten wisse

74v - 77v

Recipes for paint, tumors, metal and ivory treatment

78r

Anonymous treatise on the staff (fragment)
English Translation	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
	Hie hebt sich an fechte~ mit der stangen WEr do mit der stangen^wilfechte~ lernen der sal von aller ersten wissen vnd merken / das eyn stange von rechte / sal czwelf spañen lang / seyn / vnd das daz fechten mit der stange~ / ist / aus dem swerte genomen / Vnd als eyner ficht mit dem sw°te / zo fechte her och mit der stange~ / Vnd dy pñcipia / dy do gehoren czu~ sw°te / als • vor • noch • ku~heit • rischeit • list klukheit etc dy gehoren och czu der stangen /

79r - 81v

Miscellaneous Latin recipes, treatment of gems, preparation of a miraculous potion

82rv

Anonymous treatise on the Messer (fragment)
English Translation	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
	[82r] Hie hebt sich an fechte~ m^t dem lãge~ mess° WEr do mit dem langen messer wil fechten lernen / wen aus dem lãgen messer / ist / das swert genomen vnd funden / Der sal von ersten / merken vnd wisse~ das daz fundame~t vnd dy pñcipia / dy do gehoren czu~ sw°te / dy gehoren auch czum messer /
	[82v] Eyn man hat nür czwn hende / vnd hat von ider hant czwen slege oben / vnd vnden auch czwene / aus den kome~ stiche vnd snete / als of dem sw°te ist / mit den winden /
	Vnd eyn° hat vier schrete / vorsich eynen vnd hindersich eyne~ / vnd czu itzlicher syten eyne~ / dornoch sichs gepürt / noch dem gesetze des gefechtes / Off dise geschrebñ rede / m^t sampt dem fu~dame~t vnd pñcipia do sint alle dink auf gebawet / deser ku~st /
	Auch wisse recht zam nichtesnicht am mess° v^em zost ist irdocht vnd gemacht / zonder daz man is alles bedñ vnd nütcze~ sal / noch dem als sichs gepürt / vnd als dy ku~st fordert vnd begert ad° heist / als sal och keyn°leye dink noch gelid am mensche~ syn / daz do / feyer vnd ruge / wen is dorczu ku~pt / syn^dazdy ku~st begert vnd fordert / czu der selbñ erbeit /
	Auch wisse das dy rechte hant der linken veynt sal syn / vnd dy linke der rechten / vnd dy eyne hant sal hin setcze~ vnd abeweisen / vnd dy ander sal schaden tuen /
	Auch wisse / das czwene schilt trete syn / dy czu allerleye gefechte gut vnd nütcze syn / cz ey~ hindersich vnd eyn vörsich / vnd syn dy schrete wen mã ey~ beyn öber das ander kewczeweis leit vnd slewst / ader schrankt /

83v

Latin calendar, 1390-1495

84r - 85r

Anonymous treatise on the dagger (fragment)
English Translation	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
	[84r] Hie hebt sich an fechten mit de~ degen WEr do wil fechten lernen mit deme degen • der sal merken vnd wissen / daz daz swert vorñ gespiczt sol sein solsein vnd ist gesehñ in allexandria
	Der degen / ader das kurcze mess° das czu kamp stiche / key~ dir gestalt vnd gericht / ist / das saltu m^t dyner linken hant / mit yngrif(?) aus winden / alzo das du im syn arm begrif dyn° linke~ hant / vnd das dir syn messer ober dyme arme sey / zo wend im den arm mit dem mess° öm / zu muss her is lassen
	Auch mag eyner das windñ eyme fyerleyw ~~das~~ weren / Czu~ erste~ / wen im eyner alzo mit der linken hant noch dem mess° greift zo sal her den ort lassen of gen / yn dy hö alzo das her m^t vorworfner hant daz mess° vm keret vnd den ort of / zo ist ienes winden alles vorlorn / vnd du magst dy weyle tue~ was du selber wilt / Czu~ ander mol / wen im eyner greift noch dem mess° als vor / als balde als her das nur merkt / zo rükke her vnd czihe syn mess° ~~rich~~ risch [84v] vnd sterklich an sich / ader key~ im weder / vnd sneid im durch arm hant / dawmen ader was her begreift mit dem rücken / vnd czihñ Indes zo wirt seyn stechen weder frey als e /
	Wil deñe iener das were~ vnd andere bröche / zo sal her desem syner hãt noch volgen / alzo als her im den arm begriffen hat / zo mag her im of den rücke kome~ / wy leichte her^abernicht noch volget alzo / das her harte weder helt / zo nympt her schaden / vnd deser from~e
	Auch / wen her ym den arm / ader dy hãt mit syn° linke~ hant begriffen / vnd gevange~ hat / zo sal her mit syn° rechte~ hant / gar snelle auch dar varn / czwische~ syn° linken hãt m^t der her iene~ begriffe~^hat / vnd czwische~ ienes dege~ / vñ m^t vorworfn° hãt / das syn dawme / vnde~ / vnd d° kleyne vi~ger obñ kome / vnd winde im deñe den den dege~ alzo aus /
	Ist deñe das dezer mit deme were~ vnd wi~den / laz ist vnd trege / m^t deme / alz her ieme den arm begriffen hat / vnd in gar veste helt / zo sal iener mit syme / dege~ im drewe~ vnd of in dringe~ / recht zam her in m^t gewalt wölle steche~ / vnd den ort io key~ sy deses gesichte kere / zo wil daz selbe / des° / vaste were~ / Indes / zo sal ~~deser~~^iener / deñe / ausweñig / deses arme~ / ader yñewenig / den degen auswinden vnd würge~ / vnd snelle weder czu varn / m^t dem dege~ of das aller neste / wen des° / m^t deme als im ien° alzo derwt vnd of in dri~gt / m^t dem dege~ / zo besorgt her sich nicht vor deme auswinden / vnd hat nicht / achtu~ge dorof / vñ m^t deme wirt her ge / [85r] tüscht / vñ das get of dy wört° / vor / noch / alzo das eyn° m^t eyme dinge eyme vor drewe / recht zam her das selbe io meyne czutreibñ / zo wil es deñe ien° io were~ / vñ^hatnicht achtu~ge of eyn and°s / Indes als is deñe ien° am mynste~ getrawt / zo sal deser dar varn / mit deme das her meynt czutreibñ vñ vor im / mute hat gehabt / vñ m^t deme pñcipio tewscht mã vil lewte mete /

85v - 86v

Magical recipes

86r - 89r

Anonymous treatise on grappling (fragment)
English Translation	Transcription by Dierk Hagedorn
	[86r] Das ist von deme Ringen :~ DEr / do wil lernen Ringen / der sal czu dem ersten / merken vnd wissen das dy pñcipia / vor • noch • Rischeit kunheit list vnd klugheit / etc dy gehören och czu deme Ringen / Vnd wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringe~ vnd alle fechte~ kome~ ursachlich vnd gru~tlich vom ringe~ / Czum erste~ das fechte~ mit dem lange~ messer / aus dem ku~pt das fechten m^t dem sw°te / etc
	[87r] Merke Ringen in czulawfen mancher wezen vnd geverte / meist° lichtnaw°s / vnd ~~das~~ ist gar swer vnd unbedewtlich / wen das das ist sein zete gewest / dorvm das ist nicht ydermã vorneme / der is wörde leze~ / Das erste geverte gut ist do mite suche alle mol deine list / wy her gevalle alle mol / höer was ich lere / weñe her lewft czu dir / zo merke / daz du en stozest von dir / czu peiden zeiten / alle mol lere schreiten / stozen vnd winden / mache blözen do mã mite windet
	vnden czu~ zeite~ / Peide peyn vorsetcze~ / vnd hende brechen / wo her dich an greift / zo winde deine hende vm syne / vnd syne müßen deñe gleiten / oben vnden öberal / do mite machstu im eine~ val / Wen her an dy achsel greift harte / zo machstu / vnd salt nicht / anders tun / we~ du salt deine / hende / lege~ die twere lege~ / ober syne drücke~ / vnd in dem selbe~ drücken / dyne hende von ey~nander czücken / vnd syne weg drücken / Dornoch vnd dorof / gen sechs vallen ader weze~ / alle mol pein vorsetczen / ader nicht / wy du selber wilt / vnd las dy hende endelich gen / ader lang fan wy du selber wilt / zo ist es als eyns / Doraus das erste merke / das du en mögst v^em greiffen / vnd dyne hant an syn hercze drucke / vnd eyn peyn vorsetcze / zo wurfstu en ober daz selbe peyn mit sym gancze~ leybe / Das ander get noch dem broche / alzo daz du mögst an syne~ elboge~ greifen / vnd ey~ peyn vorsetcze~ / vnd en ober das selbe pey~ geworfen / Das dritte get aus dem broche / wen her of gewirft die hende / zo mag her sy wol drucke~ / mit ey~ pey~ vorsetcze~ vnd vorsich stoze~ mit ganczer kraft / vnd syne he~de / mit dyne~ hende~ oberrücke hin weg stoßen / Das vierde ist / wen her erste mal gebricht / dornoch var im mit dyner hant / an syn antlitz / [87v] czu vor aus an dy naze / ader kyñe / vnd mit der / and°n hant an den rucke / vnd mit ey~ pey~ vorsetcze / vnd wirf in dorober / Das fünfte ist / das du en magst an dy prust stoze~ / aber mit eyn° hant an das hewpt greifen / mit ey~ pey~ vorsetcze~ / wirfstu en of den kop / Das sechste ist / das du en magst neme~ dornoch / mit eyn° hant / pey dem elboge~ / mit ey~ pey~ vorsetczen wirf in of dy zeite / vnd drücke m^t dyn° hãt dy syne wol czu der erde~ / Vnd merke das du alle~ deze~ vorgnante~ geverte~ / magst pey~ vorsetcze~ / ader lossen / wy du wilt / Das sibende ist / das du magst mit dyn° eyne~ hant in syne arm gereichen / vnd mit der eyne~ hant syne an greifen / vnd m^t dyne~ eyne~ fuße / syne~ fus stozen / an das ander wo du hin greifest / zo vellet her of das antlitz / ader magst das ander pey~ hinder in setcze~ / zo wirfstu in of / den rücke / vnd brichst im den arm / Daz achte ist als das do itczu~t gesprochñ ist / zonder daz her mit eyn° hant / syne an greifet / vnd den elboge~ ausweñig hin lenke / vnd m^t der and°n hant / an syne ander hãt do vorne vnd stoz in of eyne seite /
	Och me was aus dem erste~ gen arm das mey~ ich hernoch sage~ / Och merke das du in alle~ geverte~ / das selbe pey~ salt vörsetcze~ / von weler seite~ / ader mit weler hant du in wilt neder werfen / Vnd in allen geverte~ / weñe mã dir vorsetzt / m^t ey~ pey~ / das selbe saltu mit dyme ander peyne / risch hinweg slon / vnd stoz snelle obe~ m^t den hende~ ober rücke / zo vellet her in alle~ vorsetcze~ / Och mag / das / daz neste syn / daz du in nym~est pey der eyne~ hant / vnd lest im dy ander gen / m^t eym peyn vorsetcze~ / vnd dich m^t syn° hant vm gekart / vnd neige ader prich in ober [88r] das pey~ zo vellet her sere / Das ander breche~ ist / das du och oben salt hende weg stoze~ / vnd dorof gen och newn geverte / Daz get alzo dar / wen her dich heldit obñ pey den achseln / zo lege dein elboge~ in syne hãt yñeweñig / vnd stoz ym dy hant weg / Vnd och tustu das m^t der and°n hant / Dornoch magstu dy newn geverte treibñ als vor geschrebñ ist von de~ arm breche~ / Nu merke wy du salt vnden breche~ auch czwey Merke wen her dich heldit / zo stoz m^t dyne~ hende~ an syn gelenke von peider hant / vnd von vnde~ of / Dorof / gen auch newn / Daz ander das du magst gestoze~ von of yn dy elboge~ / harte m^t dyne~ hende~ / do magstu auch newne geverte aus bre~ge~ / als vor / das syn itczu~t vire / Merke aber vire / daz du magst arm breche~ / czu dem erste~ mal / wen her dich heldit pey den achseln / zo saltu dyne hende m^t dyme elboge~ / von oben nyder weg / stoze~ / zo kome~ syne hende dir an das hawpt / vnd drucke yn czu dir an dyn zeite / vnd merke io das du ym kum~est m^t dyn° hant an syne~ arm gelenke vnd das du dyn hewpt hinden harte heldist ym ~~den~~ dy hant / vnd mit der and°n hant ym an syne brust weg stoze / zo brichstu ym den arm / aber setczist ym dein fuß vnder / zo vellet her gar sere / Das ander geferte ist auch alzo / sunder daz du von vnde~ of slest dyne hant / zo windestu syne weg / zo ku~pt syne hant / vnder dyn arm / zo lestu yn vm lawfen / ader setczest ym eyn fus vnder zo vellet her / Das selbe geverte magstu tu~ czu der and°n hant auch czwei / zo w°de~ auch viere / das werden deñe nu achte / Doch merke we~ du/yn v^emgreifest mit dem leibe / ad° vm den leip / vnd dyn hewpt ~~harte~~ harte heldest an seyne brust / vnd we~ her dir deñe an das kyñe greifet m^t eyn° hant / vnd m^t der and°n an das hewpt / zo ~~stoz yn~~ weg / Dornoch / stoz yn /magstu syne hende / m^t eym pey~ vörsetcze~ auch weg stoze~ / So mag her dir dyn peyn auch weg stoze~ / mit sym fuße / vnd auch dich obñ mit syne~ hende~ / das bricht dir deñe weder dyn ringen / vnd dyne sterke / Vor hatzstu nu achte [88v] vnd aus itzliche~ newn / Nu merke aber and° vire vnd aus itzliche~ gen irer newne als vor / Wen her dich begreift an dyne brust vorne / zo drucke syne hende mt dyne~ von obñ neder an dy brust / als vor / der hastu noch newne / daz ist nu das erste / Daz ander als vor m^t deyme elboge~ von obñ neder / als vor vm syne hende gewu~dñ / zo hastu doraus arber newne / Das dritte von vnde~ of pey der brust / gestoze~ / zo hastu aber newne / Das vierde võ vnden of mit dyne~ knochen / zo hastu ir aber newne / Alzo hastu ir czwelfte / vnd aus itzliche~ newne /
	Merke mit dem selbe~ sloffe^aderstosse~ vnd vm m^t den magstu eyne~ von dir bre~ge~ / wo her dich an greifet / We~ her dich an greifet pey dem ermel / do vorne pey der hant / ader kege~ den ermeln an dem gelenke / ader m^t eyn° hant an dy brust / ader wo her dich an greift / zo magstu yn m^t dem selben slon vnd mit winden von dir bre~ge~ / vnd dornoch magstu yn stoze~ wy du selber wilt / das her czu dir / m^t nichte kome~ mag / noch mag / dich recht m^t nichte begreifen oberal an dem gancze~ leibe /
	Eyn ander czulawfen merke / we~ her czu dir nü spri~get / vnd du ym eyn pey~ hast vorsaczt / zo mag her mit eym spronge dir entgen / mit eyn° hant gegriffe~ noch dem pey~ vnd mit syn° and° hant an dy brust gestossen das du of das hewpt vellest / Das ist do weder / wen her noch dem beyne greifet / zo czucke is hinderweit / vnd rucke yn noch dir zo vellet her of das antlitzt / Merke das ander gesetcze / wen her kege~ dir springt / zo mag her dich vnder den arme~ vm greife~ / vnd m^t seym pey~ hin noch schreite~ / wirft dich of de~ / rucke gar harte / Das ist dorweder / wen her dich zo vm greift / zo valle balde vnd snelle of dy seite dyn / das ist dy beste büße / czu de~ ringe~ /
	Merke das dritte gesetcze wen her czu dir spri~gt ader schreit / zo mag her dich derwischen mit syne~ peide~ vör dy prust dyn / vnd vellet neder vnd rückt dich of noch ym / vnd springt dir m^t syme fuze enkege~ / vnd wirft dich ober sy~ hawpt / [89r] das du verre enweghin schüst / Das ist do wider / wen her dich zo greift / snelle vnd gar balde valle of yn / vnd volge ym / zo mag her dir nicht getun /

90v - 165v

Recipes for dental hygiene, various alchemical recipes, food recipes, nonsense recipes, in various hands

166r - 169v

Index to the recipes in the manuscript, partly illegible

Gallery