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Difference between revisions of "Philippo di Vadi"
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Revision as of 17:21, 3 February 2020
Philippo di Vadi Pisano | |
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Born | 1425 Pisa, Italy |
Died | 1501 Urbino, Italy (?) |
Occupation | Fencing master |
Nationality | Pisa, Italy |
Ethnicity | Ligurian |
Citizenship | Pisan |
Patron | Guidobaldo da Montefeltro |
Influences | Fiore de'i Liberi |
Genres | Fencing manual |
Language | |
Notable work(s) | De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi |
Manuscript(s) |
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First printed english edition |
Porzio and Mele, 2002 |
Translations |
Philippo di Vadi Pisano was a 15th century Italian fencing master. His name signifies that he was born in Pisa, a city in northern Italy, but little else can be said with certainty about the life of this master. It may be that he was the same Philippo Vadi who was governor of Reggio under the marquisette of Leonello d’Este and later, from 1452 to 1470, counselor to Borso d’Este, Duke of Ferrara.[1] Some time after this, Vadi composed a treatise on fencing entitled De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi ("On the Art of Swordsmanship"); it was dedicated to Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino,[2] and gifted to him between 1482 and 1487,[3] but while this may indicate that he served the duke after leaving Ferrara, there is no record of a Master Vadi being attached to the ducal court.
Vadi was probably an initiate of the tradition of Fiore de’i Liberi, as both his teachings and the format of his treatise closely resemble those of the earlier master. As both Leonello and Borso were sons of Niccolò III d’Este, owner of two copies of Fiore's treatise Fior di Battaglia, Vadi would have had ample opportunity to study his writings.
Treatise
Preface
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To my most illustrious Prince Guido di Montefeltro Duke of Urbino |
[1r.1] Ad illustrissimus Principem meum Guidum Feretranum Ducem Urbinatem | |
This little book I dedicate to you, most honourable prince Guido, |
[1r.2] Hunc tibi do princeps dignissime guide libellum | |
Philippo Vadi offers this book on the Art of fencing in earnest[5] to the illustrious Prince Guido di Montefeltro Duke of Urbino. |
[1r.3] Philippi Vadi servi Liber de Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi, ad illustrissimus Principem Guidum Feretranum Ducem Urbini. | |
[6]Just as my earnest mind, devoid of all cowardice and spurred by an outpouring of natural desire in my earliest thriving years, moved me towards warlike deeds and matters; so did it move me, as time progressed and as I grew in strength and knowledge, to learn more of those warlike deeds, matters, styles and skills through hard work, such as how to play with the sword, lance, dagger and pollax. |
[1r.4] HAvendomi mosso per appetito naturale quale producea fuori el mio franco animo alieno da ogni viltade nelli mei primi e floridi anni ad acti e cose bellicose: cussì per processo di tempo cre- [1v.1] sendo in forze et in sapere mi mosse per industria ad volere inparare più arte e modi de ingiegno de dicti acti et cose bellicose, come è giuchare di spada de lanza di daga e azza. | |
Of these things, through the guidance of almighty God, I acquired a good deal of knowledge and this through the practical experience and instruction of many teachers from various different countries, all masters and utterly proficient and knowledgeable in this art. |
[1v.2] De le qual cose medi ante lo aduito de summo idio ne ò acquistato assai bona notitia e questo per pratica experientia e doctrina de molti maestri de varii e diversi paesi amaestrati e docti in perfectione in tale arte. | |
And not to diminish but instead to increase this doctrine so that it will not perish from my negligence, because from it comes no small help in battles, wars, riots and other warlike tumults: instead it gives all men trained and instructed in this material immediate and unique help: it has been suggested and required that I compile a booklet concerning these things by people I have surpassed in the art, and am more long winded than: adding to this various figures and placing various examples so that any man versed in this material can use if for assaults at arms, and can defend himself intelligently and be advised of all the types and styles. |
[1v.3] Et per non minuire anzi volendo acrescere tal doctrina acioché per mia negligentia epsa non perisca per che da epsa non procede pocho alturio ne’ bataglie, guerre, rixe e altri tumulti bellicosi: Immo dona agli omini instruti e periti in tale materia uno prestantissimo e singulare sussidio. Ho proposto e statuido nella mente mia de compillare uno libretto concernente cosse le qualle sono più oltra e più prolixe de tale arte: depingendo in quello varie figure e ponendoli exempli diversi, per li quali qualunqua homo instructo in tal materia, possa usare ne l so asaltare e nel so diffendere, astucie, calidità e avisi di più ragione e manere. | |
Therefore, anyone with a generous spirit will see this little work of mine as a jewel and a treasure and will keep it in memory deep within their heart, so that this art and discipline should never fall into the hands of peasants and low-born men. |
[1v.4] Adunque ciascuno di generoso animo vederà questa mia op ereta, ammi epsa sì come uno gioiello e texauro e recordansello ne lo inti mo core, a ciò che mai, per modo alcuno, tale industria arte e dotrina non perve- [2r.1] nga a le mane de homini rusticali e di vile condizione. | |
Because Heaven has not made these rough-hewn men, ignorant and beyond all cleverness and diligence and wholly bereft of bodily agility, but instead they were made like animals without reason, just to carry heavy burdens and do base and rustic work; and because I declare them to be in every way alien to this science; everyone of perspicacious intelligence and lively limbs such as courtiers [l.10], scholars, barons, princes, dukes and kings, should on the contrary be welcomed into this noble science according to the principle of the Instituta which states: not only should the Imperial Majesty be honoured with Arms, but it must also be armed with sacred laws. |
[2r.2] Perché el cielo non à generato tali homini indocti, rozi et fuori de ogni ingiegno et industria et omnino alieni da la agilità del corpo, ma più tosto sono stati generati a similitudine de animali inragionevoli a portare carichi et fare opere vile e rusticale. E perché debitamente io vi dico loro essere per ogni modo alieni da tal scientia e per l’opposito al mio parere, ciascuno di perspicace ingegno e ligiadro de le membra sue, come sono cortegiani, scolari, baroni, principi, Duchi et Re, debeno essere invitati a questa nobile scientia, secondo el principio de la “Instituta” quale parla e dice così: el non bixogna solo la maestà inperiale essere honorata di arme ma ancora è necesario epsa sia armata de le sacre legge. | |
Nobody should think that there is anything false or any kind of error in my book, because I have omitted and carved out anything unsure, and included only things that I have seen and tested. Let us begin then to explain our intention, with the aid and grace of the omnipotent God, blessed be His name. |
[2r.3] Né sia alcuno quale creda che in questo mio volume sia posta cosa falsa o invelupata de alcuno errore, perché tollendo e rescecando via le cosse dubiose, solo li metterò cose vedute e provate da me: comenzando ad unque ad exprimere la intentione nostra, con l’adiuto e grazia de lo omnipotente dio del qualle el nome sia benedetto in eterno. | |
Some animals, lacking reason, ply their skills naturally without any knowledge. Man, instead, naturally lacks skills and his body lacks weapons. Nature compensates for this deficiency of weapons by giving man his hands, and for his lack of natural skills by offering him the virtues of intelligence and thought. Even if a man were born with some level of skill, he would not be able to acquire the remainder naturally, that is, learn to use all weapons and know each skill. He was therefore not endowed by nature with either skill or weapon. Consequently, among all animals, man needs intelligence and reason, through which art and ingenuity flourish and in which he overtakes and surpasses all other animals. Just so every trained and clever man of good intelligence overtakes and surpasses any other who is stouter and stronger than him. |
[2r.4] Et perché alcuni animali inrationabili fano li loro artificii naturalmente, senza alcuna doctrina de l’homo [2v.1] manca de artificio naturalmente sì come il corpo de quello manca de arme debitamente li presta la natura per lo mancamento de dite arme le mane et in loco de quello che ‘l manca de artificij naturali, li presta la virtù de intellecto e cogitatione, e come si lui avesse avuto alcuni artificii naturalmente non poria acquistare artificii per lo resto; e per lo meglio a lui ad usare tutte le arme e tutti li artificii, però non li fo prestato da dita natura né arme né artificio. Have adoncha bixogno tra li altri animali lo intelletto e ragione, ne le qual cosse fiorisce arte et ingiegni, de’ quali due cosse non solo avanza e supera tutti gli animali: ma ciascuno homo docto e adoctato de bono ingiegno avanza a supedita qualunqua sia più robusto di lui e più pieno di forze. | |
As the famous saying goes: cleverness overcomes strength. And what is greater still and almost incredible: the wise rules the stars. An art that conquers all, and dominates anyone who would fight you or stand against you, is born from the aforesaid cleverness and other piercing thinking. And not only can just one man prevail against another, but also a way and possibility exists for one man to overcome many. Not only do we show the way and the theory of combating the adversary as well as to defend yourself against him, but we also teach methods on how to take the weapon from his hand. |
[2v.2] Iusta illud preclare dictum: ingenium superat vires, et quod maius est et quasi incredibile, sapiens dominabitur astris: nasce da dito ingiegno e da altri e penetrative cogitatione, una arte de vincere superare e debbelare qualunque vol conbatere e contrastare; e non solo adviene che uno homo vinca l’altro, ma ancora nasce modo et posibilità che uno solo superi più persone, e non se mostra solo el modo e documento de assaltare lo adversario e repararsi e deffendersi da lui, ma etiam se insegna advi [3r.1] si de togliere l’arme sue di mano: | |
Oftentimes in these texts, a small person of little strength overcomes, prostrates and throws a big, tough and brave man to the ground; just so, you will see how the humble can overtake the proud, and the unarmed the armed. And many times it happens that someone on foot defeats and conquers someone on horseback. |
[3r.2] per li quali documenti, spese fiate uno de poche forze e picolo sottomete prosterne et sbate uno grande robusto, e valoroso e cusì adviene che anche uno humile avanza el superbo e uno disarmato lo armato. Et molte volte accade che uno a piedi vinci e sconfigie uno da cavallo. | |
But because it would be very inconvenient if this noble doctrine were to wilt and die through negligence, I, Philippo di Vadi from Pisa having studied this art ever since my first flourishing years, having travelled to and practiced in many different countries, lands, castles and cities to collect the teachings and examples of many perfect masters of the art, having acquired and obtained (by the Grace of God) a sufficient portion of the art, I have decided to compose this little work, in which I have organised and shown at least the main points of four types of weapon: the lance, sword, dagger and axe. |
[3r.3] Ma perché el seria cossa molto inconveniente che così nobile doctrina per negligentia perise e venise meno, Io philippo di vadi da pisa, havendo ateso a tale arte insino a li mei primi et floridi anni havendo cercato e praticato più et diversi paesi et terre castelle e citade per racogliere amaestramenti et exempli da più maestri perfecti nell’arte, per la dio gratia havendomi acquistato et conseguito una particella assai sufficiente, ho deliberato de conponere questo mio libreto nel qualle ve si ponerà e dimostrarà almeno la noticia di quatro manere d’arme, cioé lanza, spada, daga e aza. | |
And in this book, I will describe the rules, the methods and the actions of this art, with examples illustrated with various figures, so anyone new to the art can understand and learn how to fight, and by which trick and ploy he can fend off and beat aside the opponent’s attacks and counters. I have only included in the aforesaid book the good and true doctrine, which I have received from the most perfect masters, with great pains, efforts, and sleepless nights. And I have also included things that I have discovered and often tested. |
[3r.4] Et in epso libro per mi si descrivirà regole, modi et atti de talle arte, metendo li exempli con varie figure, aciò che ciascheduno, novo ne l’arte, comprehenda e cognosca li modi de assaltare, e per le qualle astutie e calidità lui expella et rebuti da sé le contrarie e i nimici colpi; ponendo solo nel dicto libro quella doctrina [3v.1] vera e bona la qualle io con grandissimi affanni et fatiche e vigilie ho inparato da più perfectisimi maistri metandoli ancho cosse per mi atrovate e spesso provate. | |
Let me remind and admonish all not to be rashly presumptuous, nor to be so bold as to interfere in this art and discipline unless one is high-minded and filled with gallantry. That is because whoever is thick-brained, pusillanimous and cowardly must be banished from such nobility and refinement. To this doctrine should only be invited such men as soldiers,[7] men at arms, scholars, barons, lords, dukes, princes and kings of the land, and any of those whose task is to govern the state, and to any of these who defend widows and orphans (both of which are pious and divine works). |
[3v.2] Ricordando et amonendo ogniuno non prosumma temerariamente né habia ardire de intermeterse in tale arte e scienzia, se lui non è magnanimo e pien de ardire: perché qualuncha homo grosso d’inzegno, pusilanimo e ville, debbe essere caciato e refudato da tanta nobilità e gientileza: perché solo a questa dottrina se debeno invitare sacomani, homini d’arme, scolari, baroni, Signori, Duchi, Principi e Re di terre de le qualli ad alcuni de loro apertene a governare la repubblica; et ad alcuni de loro apertene deffendere pupili e vedoe: et tute due sono opere divine e pie. | |
And if this little work of mine finds its way into the hands of anyone versed in the art, and appears to him to have anything redundant or wrong, may it please him to cut, take away or add to it as he pleases. Because in the end I place myself under his correction and judgement. |
[3v.3] Et se questa mia opereta pervenisse a mane de alcuno docto nella arte e paresseli che in epsa fosse alcuna cossa superflua o manchevole piazali de resecare minuire e acrescere quello li parerà, perché insino da mò io mi sottopono a sua correctione e censura. |
Introduction
Chapter 1
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Chapter I begins If you wish to truly know Ponder this, my statement: By infinite numbers and measures The sword is placed in her care, From Geometry fencing is born, And if you heed my doctrines, To make your opinion clearer, MMusic adorns her and chooses her as its subject, So Geometry and Music combine Now if you like what I have said, So answer true as I have told you, |
[3v.4] Capitulo primo incipit. SE alcun volesse intender e sapere Considera bene questa mia sente(n)za [04r] LA geometria che divide e parte LA spada è sottoposta a le sue cure, DA geometria lo scrimir se nasce E Se tu notarai le mie doctrine, PEr farte chiara ancor tua opinione, LA musica l’adorna e fa sugetto LA geometria e musica comparte OR vidi se ‘l mio dir ponto t’agrada Che tu respondi el ver come io t’ho dicto |
Chapter 2
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Chapter II. Measure of the two-handed sword. The sword should be of the correct size, As you wish to avoid any trouble, And may this be always done: So your mind is not deceived, The crossguard should be strong and square as needed Take note and understand this addendum With pointed crossguard, and note well the text. |
[4v.2] Misura de spada da doi mane. Capitolo II. LA spada vole avere iusta misura PEr volere schifare ancora impazio: E Fa che questo te sia ancora in uso A Ciò che la tua mente non s’inganna, VOl l’alzo forte e quadro nel dovere FA’ che tu note e intendi questa giunta: COl pontivo elzo et nota ben lo scripto. |
Chapter 3
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Chapter III. Theory of the sword. Grasp the sword manfully, If you have a judicious mind,[11] The art of the sword is only a crossing, On one side you make defence The true edge falls on the forehand side, And follow then as the saying goes, So that you will not play in vain, Place your sword towards the target You must be very careful, Make your heart agree with your feet and arm And note well and understand my text Watch that you do not end up out of the line, Play of the cross and you will not be conquered, When you are joined with him at the half sword, Also it is often so, Pass out of the way with agility, If you don’t feel your cunning has been lost And take note of and understand this saying, Know that cleverness always overcomes strength, And if you want to make him feel your point, With the point high and the pommel low And if the point will find an open way, Press in and grasp the grip of his sword, Always match your passes As you see that he moves the sword, Let wisdom, strength and boldness go You must have a bold heart, Be as careful as you would be with death And note well this statement of mine, Make yourself great in trickery Note well and understand this part: And so he loses his honour for one single mistake. Often he will start a disagreement with another, If the tongue could cut by its nature, And make sure your mind does not fall He who wishes to offend others without reason And you must also keep in mind He who wishes to master the sword and be dextrous, If you never stop prizing loyalty, Because they are expected to govern All sorts of good things come from this art, And she maintains in herself such dignity, This [art] will make you acquire both riches and honour, If you will have such a magnificent art, If poverty shows you the cards Sometimes you will find yourself To find this art I have spared no pains, I have kept her firmly imprisoned, |
[4v.3] Ragion de spada. Capitolo III. PIglia la spada in mano virilmente SI tu averai nel cervel tuo sale L’Arte de spada è solo un’incrociare, DA una parte si fano difexa, EL taglio ritto nel suo ritto cada, ET fa’ che segui poii come ‘l dir pone PErché non sia el tuo giucare invano, MEttendo la tua spada alora in caccia ESser ti bixogna acorto molto, FA’ che ‘l cor s’acorde ne defendere, ET nota bene e intende mia scr(i)ptura, GUarda non vadi però for de strada, GIoca de croce e non serai conquixo. QUando la sua a meza spada è gionta ANcora spesse volte achader sole PAssa for de strada con destreza, SI tu non senti aver l’ingiegno perso, ET fa’ che note e intende questo detto: SApii che ingiegno ogni possanza sforza, ET se la punta li voi far sentire, COn la punta alta e col tuo pomo basso ET se la punta trova la via aperta, STregnilo e piglia alor suo mantenere; FA’ che t’acordi sempre nel passare COme tu vedi che la spada el move, SApere, fortezza et ardimento agga EL ti bixogna havere ardito el core, GUarda ben certo como da la morte, ET nota ben questa sentenzia mia: FA’ che tu sie de malizia magno ANcora nota & intende questa parte: CUsì perde l’honor per un sol fallare. SPesso si fa con esso altrui barbotto, SE la lingua tagliasse per ragione, ET fa’ che de la mente tua non cada CHi vol senza ragion altrui offendere EL te bixogna ancora avere a mente CHi vol farsi signor de spada eT destro, SE lialtade serà da te amata PErché s’aspetta a lor de governare QUest’arte in summa & capo d’ogni bene, ANcor mantene in sé tal dignitade, FActe acquistar poi thexoro e honore SI tu averai l’arte sì famoxa SE povertà te mustrarà le carte ALcuna volta tu te trovarai PEr trovar l’arte no m’è parso stento, IO l’ho tenuta inpregionata a prova, |
Chapter 4
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Fourth Chapter[14] This art is so noble and refined, This art teaches you to turn well, How many are those, the numberless dead, There is no greater treasure than life, Abandon material goods, and all valuable things, Oh what a laudable and good thing it is Oh in how many ways it can serve you, My art, new and made with reason, If you do not want your honour to be thrown down, Open your ears to the great text, Make it so the swords are always sisters Do not give advantage of the sword[16] to anyone Good eye, knowledge, speed are needed, Understand my statement well, A man’s great strength can break the guards, Who knows many actions carries venom with him. And if you follow my thread And note well the saying which goes: Also understand well this other thing: Make sure they are of equal measure, I only esteem the sword of two hands, If you don’t want to be shamed, If force constrains you to contend Choose a weapon that is light, not heavy, At need you can take another way, As you will hear in my text. |
[7v.2] ¶ Capitolo quarto. QUest’arte è tanto nobile et gintile, QUest’arte t’amaestra a ben voltare QUanti sonno senza numer morte, NOn è magior tesoro che la vita LAssa la robba e ogni cossa degna, O Quanto è coxa laudevole & bona O In quanti modi la ti po' aver loco [08r] L’Arte mia nova et fatta con ragione, SE tu non vorai d’honore esser casso, APre l’orechie al documento magno FA’ che le spade sian sempre sorelle NOn dar vantagio di spada a niuno BOn ochio, saper, prestezza bixogna, INtende ben qui la sente(n)za mia: GRan forza d’homo le guarde si spezza, Chi sa assai colpi si porta el veleno, [08v] ET si tu tene el fil de la mia riga ET nota ben quel che ‘l parlar qui pone: ANcora intende ben quest’altra parte: FA’ che la sia a la mesura eguale, LA spada da doi mane sola stimo ET se tu non vorai aver vergogna, SI forza te stregnesse avere a fare TOrai arma lieve & non pesente ALor bixogna che piglij altra via, |
Chapter 5
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Chapter V Of Thrusts and Cuts The sword has a point and two edges, But note well and understand this text, That memory will not fail you. One is the false, and the other the true, And reason commands and desires, That this is fixed in your brain. Forehand and true edge go together, Backhand and false edge stay together, Except the fendente which wants the true. Understand my text well, The sword goes with seven blows Six cuts with the thrust that strikes. So that you will find this seam, Two from above and below and two in the middle, The thrust up the middle with deceit and suffering, That our Air is often calm. |
[9r.2] ¶ De punte & tagli capitolo Vº. LA spada sia una ponta con doi taglie, L’Uno sie el falso & l’altro sie el dirito DEritto col deritto inseme tole INtende bene la scriptura mia ACciò che tu ritrovi questa vena |
Chapter 6
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Chapter VI The seven blows of the sword. We are the fendenti and we make quarrels, To strike and cut often with grief, The head and the teeth with the right reason. And all guards that are made low to the ground, We break often with our cunning, Passing from one to the other without trouble. The blows make a bloody mark, When we mix them with the rota We support the entire art. Fendente for striking we are well endowed, Returning to guard from pass to pass, Note we are not slow to strike. I am the rota and I have in me such a load, That you want to mix me with the other blows, I place a thrust often at a bow. I cannot be courteous or loyal Turning I pass through forehand fendente And destroy arms and hands without delay. People call me Rota by name, I seek the false of the sword I please the mind of he who uses me. We are volanti, always crossing And from the knee up we go, Fendente and thrusts we often banish. By crossing us pass without fail, The Rota that come up from below, And with the fendente warms our cheeks. |
[9r.3] Li septi colpi de la spada. Capitolo VI. SEmo fendenti et famo costione ED ogni guardia che se fa terrena COlpi facem de sanguinoso segno FEndente, de ferir noi damo dota, IO sò la rota et tengo i(n) me tal carcho LIeltà et cortesia non posso usare ROta me chiama per nome la giente SEmo volanti sempre atraversando PEr trave(r)so noi passa a non falire |
Chapter 7
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Chapter 7 Of the thrust. I am he that quarrels with All the other blows, and I am called the thrust. I carry venom like the scorpion. I feel so strong, bold and quick, Often I make the guards plough again When I am thrown at others and confront them By my harmful touch, when I join them. |
[9v.2] De la punta.. Capitolo VII. IO son colei che facio custione ET sentomi sì forte, ardita & pronta E Per mal toccho niun quando sum gionta |
Chapter 8
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Chapter VIII The quarrel of the cuts and thrusts. The rota with the fendente and the volante Say to the thrusts “we will show That you are not so dangerous”. And when they come to us, All the blows can make them lose their way Losing in this joust the chance to strike. The blow of the sword does not lose its turn, Little worth the thrust to him the quick turn, It makes it go very wide, the blows going that way. If you don’t have a slack memory, If the thrust doesn’t strike it loses the strike All the others deem it weak. Against just one the thrust finds its place, Against more it doesn’t do its duty, This is found in the text and the act. If the thrust throws a rota do not fear If it does not immediately take a good fendente, It remains fruitless against my parry. Keep in mind here, If the thrust enters but does not swiftly exit, It lets the companion strike back hard. Your sword is expert at slicing a blow, The thrust will lose its way to the strike, It is mocked with the help of the low cross. I make a straight fendente at you with the sword, And break you out of that guard. So that you are forced into a bad spot. Do not lose a single hour of learning. The great blows with a serene hand, Will place you above the others and give you honour. Break all low guards Low guards await small loads, And so heavy ones pass without difficulty. Heavy arms do not go quickly to the step, Light ones go and come like an arrow in a bow. |
[10r] ¶ Costione di tagli & punte. Capitolo VIII. LA rota coi fendente et coi volante E Quando vengon’ a la presentia nostra, NOn perde volta el colpo della spada: SI tu non hai la memoria sciolta, COntra un sol la punta trova patto, SE punta butta rota non temere, CHi fa che ponghe un poco la tua mente, TAgliando un colpo tua spada è perita RIcto fendente farotte de spada NOn perder tempo ad imparare un’ora ROmpe ogni guarda ch’è fatta terena La leve va & ven como frezza in l’archo. |
Chapter 9
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Chapter IX Of the Cross. I am the Cross with the name of Jesus My sign is made both in front and behind To find many more defences. If I find myself against a different weapon, I do not lose my way, this has been proven This I often go looking for. And when I find a long weapon, Then with reason I make my defence, To gain the honour in every venture. |
[10v.2] ¶ De la Croce. Capitolo IX. IO son la croce col nome de iesù SI con altr’arma io me vo scontrando, ET quando un’arma longa sì me trova, |
Chapter 10
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Chapter X Discussion of the half sword. Wanting to follow in this great work, It is necessary to explain bit by bit, All the strikes of the art. So that you will understand and use The system well, I wish to first make clear The turning principle of the sword. And with arms extended Bring the edge to the middle of the companion. And if you wish to appear great in the art, You should go from guard to guard, With a slow and serene hand, With steps that are not out of the ordinary. If you wish to make a stramazone at someone Do it with a small turn to the face Don’t make a very wide turn Because all long movements are for nothing. Making the roverso you will be helped, Passing out of the way with the left foot, Following with the right foot too, Keeping an eye out for a good parry. When you wish to enter in to half sword As the companion lifts his sword, Then don’t hold back, Grab the tempo or it will cost you dear. Place yourself in the guard of the boar, When you enter with the thrust at the face Do not leave your point in the face, Turn quickly a roverso fendente. And draw a mandritto, and keep this in mind. So that you understand my intention, With clear reasoning, I hope to show you the way. I don’t want your blows to be solely roverso, Nor just fendente, but between one and the other, If between is the common one. Hammering the head on all sides. Also I advise you when you have entered, Be with the legs paired with his You will be lord, and clear, To constrain and strike valiantly. And when you strike a roverso fendente, Bend the left knee, and note the text, Extend the right foot, Without changing it, i.e. to the other side. Also, if you see you are going to be attacked, The left foot and the head now, Because they are closer together, So don’t use the direct line, but remain on the diagonal. So you will be safe from every side, So you want the fendente, strike from the right, You need to bend The right knee: and extend well the left. Clearly the head will also be attacked, With the right foot that is closest. This is the better way. This is not the footwork of our ancestors. It is not necessary that anyone contradict this, Because you will be stronger, and more secure, Hard in defence, And make war with shorter movements. And neither can anyone throw you to the ground. |
[10v.3] ¶ Ragione di meza spada. Capitolo X. VOlendo nui seguir questa degna opra, ACciò che ben se intenda & che s’adopra, E’ Con braccia stexe vada ET si tu voi parer nell’arte magno, SI tu facessi stramazzone alcuno, FA che’l reverso te sia poi in aiuto, QUando vorai a mezza spada entrare FA’ che tu sie in guardia de cenghiaro E Tira el dritto e fa’ te sia a mente. NOn vo’ che in tutto sia puro riverso ANcor t’avixo, quando serai intrato ET quando trai el riverso fendente ALora se intende essere attaccato ALor tu sei segur per ogni verso CHiamarasse la testa attaccata ancho NOn bixognia ch’alcun contrasti o dichi, |
Chapter 11
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Chapter XI Principles of Swordplay. When you are joined at the half sword, Make a mandritto or roverso, Be sure to grasp the sense Of what I say, because it is to the point. If you are there, keep a sharp eye out, And look quickly with the cover, And hold the sword up, So your arms play above your head. I cannot say in a few words, Because the matter is of the half sword, So that you will be better pleased, When you parry, parry with a fendente. Brush aside the sword, a little shortened, Treading on that of the companion, You will make a good deal, Parrying well however many blows. When you parry the roverso, keep in front, The right foot, and parry as I have said. Parrying the mandritto, Keep in front your left foot. You should also keep in mind, When you strike a roverso fendente, To keep a careful eye out, So that a mandritto doesn’t come from underneath. And if the companion strikes and you all of a sudden Parry, making then to the head A blow with the false edge And as he lifts it, strike a good roverso. From below, through his arms, Redoubling then with a quick mandritto, And note also this, That you do not fail the Reason of the Art. If you strike a mandritto, then beware, His roverso so he doesn’t strike you, Make it that your sword Parries with a fendente, so you are not caught. And if it comes to you then to want To enter underneath and grab his handle. And then do your duty, Hammering his moustache with your pommel, Being very wary that hindrance does not grab you. |
[12r] ¶ Ragion de giocho de spada. Capitolo XI. QUando tu sei a mezza spada gionto SE tu vi steggie, tien pur l’ochio pronto NOn posso dire con parole poche, SCosta la spada un poco acortamente QUando pare el riverso porge inanti EL te bixogna aver la mente ancho ET si el compagno tresse, et tu de botto DE sotto in su le braccia sua attraverso, SI tu traesti el deritto alora guarte E Se pur te venisse alora voglia |
Chapter 12
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Chapter XII Discussion regarding the Feints of the Sword. Again I advise you, and note my words well, That when you have entered into half sword You then well from every side Following the art with good feinting. Feints call out to obfuscate They hide from the other’s defence. Do not let him understand, What you want to do from one side or the other. I cannot show you so well, With my words how to do it with a sword, Make your mind go To investigate the art with my sayings. And grasp valour with reason As I admonish and as I teach you And do it with cunning You follow that which I have written in so many verses, To discover the depths and the banks of the Art. |
[12v.2] ¶ Ragion de viste de spada. Capitolo XII. ANcor t’avixo & notta el mio dir bene, SE chiamano le viste un offuschare IO non te posso cusì bem mostrare [13r.1] ET pigliarai con la ragion l’ardire. |
Chapter 13
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Chapter XIII Principles of the half-sword. Being then joined at the half sword, You can well hammer more and more times, Striking on only one side, Your feints go on the other side. And when he loses his way with parrying, And you hammer then on the other side, Then you should decide If you need to finish by closing in. And if you want to throw blows, Let a fendente roverso go, Turning it acrossAnd a false edge with the point in his face. Do not be divided from his point, With roverso or mandritto With whichever you can work. Because the knees bend on every side. Following that which I showed you above, I repeat for you again this addition, Always enter with the point, Forcing upwards from below, finishing in the face And you can strike just at the right time. |
[13r.2] ¶ Ragion de mezza spada.. Capitolo XIII. ESSendo tu pur gionto a meza spada, E Commo perde, col parar, sua strada, E E si pur tu volesti trar ferire, NOn esser già da lui punto devixo, S Secondo che de sopra t’ò mostrato. SEmpre entra con la ponta, |
Chapter 14
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Chapter XIIII Theory of the half tempo of the sword I cannot show you in writing The theory and method of the half tempo Because it remains in a knot The shortness of the tempo of his strike. The half time is just one turn Of the knot: quick and immediately striking, It can rarely fail When it is done in good measure. If you note well my writing One who does not practice will parry badly Often the turning Breaks with a good edge the other’s brain. Of all the art this is the jewel, Because it treats as one the strike and the parry, Oh what a valuable thing, So practice it with good reason, And it will let you carry the banner of the art. |
[13v.1] ¶ Ragion di mezzo tempo de spada. Capitolo XIIII. IO non te posso, scrivendo, mustrare EL mezzo tempo & solo uno svoltare E Si tu noterai la mia scriptura, DE tucta l’arte questo si è el giuiello, |
Chapter 15
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Chapter XV Theory of the sword against the rising blow There are many who make their base In turning strongly from every side So be advised, As his sword turns, move And you turn and you will win the test, Harmonise yourself with him and also with the strikes And make your going thus With your sword directly to his. To clear your mind of illusions, You can also go into boar’s tooth guard, And if he with the turning, And you escaping from below up. Listen and understand my reasoning, You who are new to the art, and experts too, I want you to be sure, That this is the art and the true science. Grasp this, that is a steelyard’s trace, That if the companion is in the iron door guard, Lock this into your heart, You should be in the archer’s guard, Watch out that your point does not waver, That of the companion covers his sword; Go a little out of the way Straightening the sword and the hand with the point. When your sword is joined at the crossing, Then do the thirteenth constrained action, As is you can plainly see Pictured in our book of seven leaves. You can also use in this art Striking and closing that are more handy, Leave the more left-handed, Keep those that favour your hand, So you will often have honour in the art. |
[13v.2] ¶ Ragion di spada contra la rota. Capitolo XV. MOlti son che fan lor fondamento E Tu roteggia et vincerai le prove. PEr chiarir meglio la fantaxia tua, [14r.1] Ancor poi andare in dente de cenghiare, ODe e comprehende le mie ragione tu PIglia questo, che un tracto di stadera GUarda che la punta tua non svaria, QUando tua spada a la croce sia giunta, TI poi adoprar ancor in questa arte |
Chapter 16
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Chapter XVI Mastering the sword It is necessary that the sword should be A great shield that covers all, And grasp this fruit, That I give you for your mastery. Be sure that your sword does not Make guards or strike far away, O how sensible this thing is, That your sword makes short movements. Your point should watch the face, Of the companion, in guard or striking, You will take his courage, Seeing always the point staying in front of him. And you will make your plays always forwards, With your sword and with a small turn, With a serene and nimble hand, Often breaking the tempo of the companion, You will weave a web different than spider’s. [END] |
[14r.2] ¶ Amaestramento de spada.. Capitolo XVI. BIxogna che la spada sì te sia GUarda che mai spada tua non stia, FA’ che la punta guardi nella faccia E Farai el giocho tuo sempre davante. ¶ τελοσ |
Diagrams
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I am callipers, that divide into parts, O fencer heed my reason, Thus measure the tempo similarly.The nature of the bear is to turn, Going here, there, up and around Thus your shoulder should move, Sending your sword out to hunt. I am a ram, always on the lookout, Naturally always looking to butt, So your cut should be clever, Always parry when there is an answer. The right hand should be prudent, Bold and deadly as a serpent. The eye with the heart should be alert, Bold and full of foresight. With the left hand, the sword is to thrust Or to strike when it is joined And if you want the strike to be complete Make it as quick as a greyhound. And he who does not have these keys with him Will make little war with this play. The legs keys it is well said, Because you close them and also open them, You see the sun, that makes great turns, And where it is born it returns. The foot with the sun should return together, If you want the play to adorn your person. The left foot firm without fear, Make it constant like a rock And then your body will be completely safe. When one or other foot bothers you Turn it quickly like a mill wheel, The heart must be foresightful, That expects shame and honour. |
[15r] IO sono un sexto che fo partimenti. Il natural de l’orso si è el girare. Iio son un muntone e sto sempre a mirare. La man dirita vol eser prudente. L’Ochio col cor vole star attento. COn la man stanca la spada ò per punta. E chi queste chiavi cum seco non averà. Le gambe chiave se può ben diri. TU vedi el sol che fa gran giramento. El pié stanco ferma senza paura. QUando i pié o l’uno o l’altro fa molesta. | |
These are the blows of the two-handed sword, Not those of the mezo tempo, they remain in a knot. I am the rota and I often turn, Finding the falseness of the sword. We are the volante, always crossing, From the knee up we go destroying. We are the fendenti and we start the fight, Breaking the teeth in our direct way. I am the thrust, dangerous and quick, Mistress of the other blows. |
[15v] QUesti son colpi de spada due mane.
VOlante NUii semo volante sempre traversando. FEndente NOii semo fendenti e facemo quostione.
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Sword
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Here are the guards with their names, Each of your sides is shown. |
[16r-a] Voii seti guardie con li nomi vostre
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I am the strong middle iron gate Dealing death with thrust and fendente. ::I am the guard of the woman, and I am not vain,
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[16r-c] Son mezana porta di ferro forte [16r-d] Io son posta di donna e non son vana | |
I am the flat ground iron door, Always impeding cuts and thrusts. ::I am the guard of the falcon, high up above,
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[16v-a] Son porta di fero piana terrena [16v-b] Son posta di falcon superba e altera | |
I am the short guard of the extended sword, I often strike with the turn back. ::I am the archer’s guard, to deceive
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[16v-c] Son posta breve di spada longeza [16v-d] Son posta sagitaria per ingiegno | |
I am the guard of the true window I raise from the art the thing from the left. ::I am the crown and I am made master
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[17r-a] Io son la posta di vera finestra [17r-b] Io son corona e son fatta maestra | |
With the deadly guard of the boar’s tooth Anyone looking for trouble, I’ll give them plenty. ::I am the long guard with the short(ened) sword,
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[17r-c] Con mortal posta de denti cinghiare [17r-d] Son posta lunga con la spada curta | |
I am the frontal guard, so secure Of cuts and thrusts I have the solution. ::I am the guard of the boar and I am outside,
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[17v-a] Son posta frontal tanto sicura [17v-b] Son posta posta di cingiaro e son di fora | |
I have made a roverso fendente on the left foot, Without changing the foot turning the hips I strike a dritto without further movement. |
[17v-c] El reverso fendente ho tratto sul pè stanco | |
By this grip of your arm that I have made, I can hit you with a cut or pommel strike. |
[18r-a] Per sto pigliare di brazo chio t’ò fato | |
By this turn that I quickly make to my sword I will not pause with this strike. |
[18r-c] Per la volta fata a mia spada presta | |
I have bound you from the roverso side, You’ll be thrown to the ground by a blow of the sword. |
[18v-a] Io t’ò per parte riversa ligato | |
In this way I have you with the left hand, I will not hold back striking with cuts and thrusts. |
[18v-c] Per tal modo tengo con la man stanca | |
By this turn that I have given to my sword I think I will have cut the middle of your throat. |
[19r-a] Per tale volta ch’i’ ò a mia spada data | |
You will go to the ground with this technique And your play has completely failed. |
[19r-c] Tu anderaii per terra a tal partito | |
I do not wish to make war with my sword, But with yours I’ll throw you to the ground. |
[19v-a] Con la mia spada non voglio far guerra | |
I have turned you with force and without difficulty With my skill I will break your arm. |
[19v-c] Io t’ò volto per forza e senza inpazo | |
With skill I have placed you in a similar position, I’ll make you go to the ground at the first blow. |
[20r-a] Con destreza t’ò posto a simil atto | |
In this way I’ll put you in a lock And break your arm (in the time it takes to) say “hello”. |
[20r-c] Per questa forma t’ò messo in la chiave | |
By this turn of the pommel I have bound you, Immediately If I want to I’ll throw you to the ground. |
[20v-a] Per sto voltar di pomo io t’ò ligato | |
By this turn of the blade that you have done, I will break your arm at the first attempt. |
[20v-c] Per sto voltar de mella che tu hai fatto | |
By the turn quick I have given my sword, I’ll strike your arm or your head. |
[21r-a] Per la volta data a mia spada presta | |
If I put my hilt to your sword I’ll make it fall with this action. |
[21r-c] S’io metto el mio mantener a la tua spada | |
This is a grip that I do from below, I will make it fall at the first go. |
[21v-a] Questo è una presa ch’io facio de fora | |
You believed I would strike with a backhand blow, With the elbow I push your sword across. |
[21v-c] Tu credesti ch’io tresse el man riverso | |
Making the turn that my handle has given, I make you fall to the ground backwards. |
[22r-a] Per la volta ch’el mio mantener ha dato | |
This is a disarm that is above, And if I want to I’ll lay you flat. |
[22r-c] Questo è un tor de spada ch’è soprano | |
The feint that I made to strike a fendente, Cuts the jaw and teeth together. |
[22v-a] La vista feci di trar un fendente | |
From the backhand strike that I have done, I’ll give you a good strike with my pommel. |
[22v-c] Nel trar d’il man riverso ch’io t’ò fato | |
This is a grip that I do on the inside, I feel that you’re going to the ground. |
[23r-a] Questa è una presa ch’io te facio dentro | |
I have given you my sword in the head, Yours I’ll take with my quick cunning. |
[23r-c] Io t’ò dato de la spada mia in la testa | |
I beat your sword aside with the middle of the blade, You’ll get a good deal from my pommel. |
[23v-a] De meza mella rebatto tua spada | |
Turning a roverso you parried badly, Entering into a bind at the middle of the blade |
[23v-c] Voltando el man riverso mal parasti |
Ax in Armor
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Guards of the Axe in Armour. I am the guard of the woman, of great offence, To respond to any situation. ::I am in the guard of the boar, with its saying,
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[24r] GUARDIE D’AZA IN ARME [24r-a] Son posta di dona de grande offesa [24r-b] So in posta di cingiaro con il dir sona | |
I am called the Archer’s guard, I always make blows deviate. ::I am the guard of the cross, so called,
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[24r-c] Io mi chiamo posta sagitaria [24r-d] Son posta di croce così chiamata | |
I was in boar’s tooth with the axe, In this way I have struck you in theface. |
[24v-a] Io era in dente de cinghial con l’aza | |
Lifting the visor I strike your face, I struck you: all defences are gone. |
[24v-c] Levata la visera io t’ò nel volto | |
I place my hand under the right arm I’ll place you in the lock as is written. |
[25r-a] T’ò la mano sotto el brazo drito | |
This is the grip that I do to you, You’ll lose your axe and I’ll strike your head. |
[25r-c] La presa ch’io ti facio serà questa |
Sword in Armor
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Guards of the Sword in Armour. I am the lower snake guard, That is good for striking with thrusts. ::I am the guard of the serene leopard,
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[26r] GUARDIE DI SPADA IN ARME [26r-a] Io son sotana posta serpentina [26r-b] Son posta de leopardo sereno | |
I am the snake, held high, Above and below I do my work. ::I am the leopard’s tail over the arm,
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[26r-c] Io sum serpentino e sto di sopra [26r-d] Son coda di leopardo sopra el brazo | |
I am the first wounder of the art, To make defence on any side. |
[26v-a] Io son il primo feritore de l’arte | |
I push my point into your face, You see my sword rising upand up. |
[26v-c] Io spingo al volto tuo la mia punta | |
You will let go of your sword in spite of your wishes, I will do even worse to you too. |
[27r-a] La spada vo’ che lasci al tuo dispetto | |
If I can’t stick a point in your face, I’ll stick a pommel instead, as it is there. |
[27r-c] Se non posso al volto tuo meter punta | |
By the pass I have made out of the way, I’ll throw you to the ground with your sword. |
[27v-a] Per lo passare mio for de strada | |
FORM OF THE SWORD IN ARMOUR The sword for fighting in armour should have the form as written below, thus: it should be of a length to come with the pommel under the arm, sharpened four fingers from the point. It’s handle should be of a span. The crossguard should be as long as the handle of the sword. And it should be pointed on every side. And similarly, the pommel should be pointed, so that you can strike with any of these parts. |
[27v-c] FORMA DE SPADA IN ARME La spada da conbatere in arme vole avere la sotoscrita forma cioé la sua longeza vole arivare el pomo sotto el bracio, tagliare quatro dita in punta, el suo manico vole eser de una spana. L’elzo vol esere longo qua(n)to è il manico de la spada: e vol esere aguzo da ogni lato, e similmente vol esere aguz o il pomo per possere ferire con ognuno de questi. |
Spear
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Play of the Long Lance With a short lance I’ll wait in this way, I invite you to come with long and short. |
[28r] GIOCO DE LANZA LONGA [28r-a] Per corta lanza aspetto a sto partito | |
From the way I wait for you with a spear I can strike you in the chest with a half turn. |
[28r-c] Per lo modo con la lanza t’aspeto | |
By the half turn that I have made to my spear, I’ll strike you in the chest or side. |
[28v-a] Per meza volta che mia lanza à dato | |
Here end the blows of the spear, They usually go to this technique. |
[28v-c] Qui finiscono i ferir de lanza |
Dagger
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[1] I do this counter to you,Turning you with the grip on your arm. |
[29r-a] Questo contrario che io te facio | |
[2] With the hand that you have on my shoulder,You’ll go to the ground in a bad hour. |
[29r-c] Per la man che tu hai sopra la spalla | |
[3] I can take the dagger and strike youWith this grip, and I cannot fail. |
[29v-a] La daga tor te posso e ferire | |
[4] With the dagger on the ground I’ll make you fallWith the turn that I do, and with my knowledge. |
[29v-c] La daga in terra ti farò cadere | |
[5] This thrust is done immediatelyI make your dagger fall very fast. |
[30r-a] Questa punta sie subito fataa | |
[6] This thrust that I have placed in your hand,Quickly you will drop your dagger. |
[30r-c] Questa ponta in la man t’ò metuta | |
[7] This cover I make very quickly,So you will be placed in the lock. |
[30v-a] Questa coverta io farò ben tosto | |
[8] I will leap to a play using this cover,And with my dagger I’ll open the way. |
[30v-c] A un gioco saltarò per mi coverta | |
[9] With this cover that you want to do,I’ll make you go into the lower lock. |
[31r-a] Per questa coverta che tu voi fare | |
[10] I can take the dagger or strike,If I don’t want to completely fail the art. |
[31r-c] Si posso tor la daga ancho ferire | |
[11] If I push the dagger towards the ground,You will make no more war with it to me. |
[31v-a] S’io carco la daga verso terra | |
[12] Here I look for your hand to strike itI’ll make you come under the lock. |
[31v-c] Qui cerco la tua man per lei feri(ri) | |
[13] This crossing that I make against youI’ll place you in the lock without difficulty. |
[32r-a] Questo incrociare che verso te i’ facio | |
[14] This strike I make with the fist,I’ll stick your dagger into your body. |
[32r-c] Questo ferire con lo pugno faccio | |
[15] I make the cover of one hand,I make your dagger go to the ground. |
[32v-a] I’ facio la coperta d’una mano | |
[16] From the way I have grabbed you I do not doubtThat you’ll go to the ground, I say immediately! |
[32v-c] Per lo modo ch’io t’ò preso non dubito | |
[17] By the way that I have got youI’ll break the arm and the dagger very quickly. |
[33r-a] Al modo ch’io te tengo so’ disposto | |
[18] You see well the way that I have you,So you and your dagger will be my pawn. |
[33r-c] Tu vedi bene a modo ch’io te tegno | |
[19] I see that this play will not fail me.As I break your arm over my shoulder. |
[33v-a] Io vedo questo gioco non me falla | |
[20] Because of this way that the arm is grabbed,I will lock you with this dagger. |
[33v-c] Per questo modo el bracio vo pigliare | |
[21] I saw that you are bound and going to the ground,I break the arm and you’ll lose the dagger. |
[34r-a] Vedi che sei astretto e in terra vai | |
[22] In this way I have you, and I make a burden,And I can then follow the close and wide. |
[34r-c] A questo modo tengo e facio carco | |
[23] I come at you with crossed arms,And I can do all the previous plays. |
[34v-a] Io vengo a te con le braci incrociate | |
[24] You’ll go to the ground by the backhand,By this play your life is lost. |
[34v-c] Andarai in terra per man riversa | |
[25] I say you are badly taught in this art;You will find yourself suddenly on the ground. |
[35r-a] Tu sei ne l’arte dico asai mal dotto | |
[26] By this grip I say I have you,I am certain you will go into the lock. |
[35r-c] Per questa presa io disse co’ io t’ave | |
[27] I make a lock to this, your elbow;I’ll break your arm for you without doubt. |
[35v-a] Io farò un carco a cquesto tuo cubbito | |
[28] This is a very strong destruction of the arm,The pain that you’ll have will ruin your composure. |
[35v-c] Questo è un guastare di bracio molto forte | |
[29] I have put you in the lock, to your despite,Because you are not perfect in the Art. |
[36r-a] Io t’ò messo in la chiave al tuo dispeto | |
[30] With my right hand I have made this move;I will stick the dagger in your thigh. |
[36r-c] Co’ la man drita ò fato cotal mossa | |
[31] When you’re on the ground you’ll say,“I didn’t believe it would come to this”. |
[36v-a] Quando in terra serai ti porai dire | |
[32] This is a strong way to throw someone to the ground;If I wish it, you will die. |
[36v-c] Questo è un metere in terra ch’è assai forte | |
[33] I have you, by the way that I parried;You will go to the ground against your wishes. |
[37r-a] Io te tengo in modo al mio parere | |
[34] You must just go to the ground,And you’ll make no more war with the dagger. |
[37r-c] El ti bixogna puro andar in terra | |
[35] By the pass that I do under the arm,You’ll go to the ground with much trouble. |
[37v-a] Per lo passare fato soto el bracio | |
[36] THE MEASURE OF THE DAGGERThe length of the dagger should be just to the elbow, with an edge and two corners. The grip should be the length of the fist, as the shape is shown depicted here below. |
[37v-c] MESURA DE DAGA La longeza de la daga vol esere fin a el gomito con un taglio e dui cantoni, el manico vol esser d’uno somesso como apare la forma d’essa dopent a qui di sotto. |
Miscellaneous Plays
Images |
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I defend myself just as well as I can, As you strike I will overcome you. |
[38r-a] Io mi difendo puro quanto poso | |
As you throw, your blow will be lost; I’ll beat away your weapon with a backhand blow. |
[38r-c] Como tu lance el colpo serà perso | |
I am in guard with a good forehand blow, As you throw at me you’ll understand the text. |
[38v-a] Io sono in guardia col bon man dirito | |
Following the work are some dagger techniques as follows. You must consider the act, the grip, the principle and the finish to understand the way. Knowing how cunning human nature is, and for everyone who is practiced in the art can understand all the actions depicted and shown in this, my little work, mainly of the sword, the axe, the spear and the dagger. |
[38v-c] Seguitando l’opra precede alcuni partiti de daga como seguita: bixogna considerare l’ato la presa el principio el finire, per volere intendere el modo: avixo e quanto sia l’ingiegno de l’humana natura e però ognuno che sia pratico nell’arte porà intendere tutti gli altri dopinti e posti in questa mia opereta e prima de spada, aza, lanza e daga. | |
Dagger technique |
[39r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[39r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[39v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[39v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[40r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[40r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[40v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[40v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[41r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[41r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[41v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[41v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[42r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[42r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[42v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[42v-c] Finiri del partito |
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma | WikiMedia Commons | |
Translation | Guy Windsor | The School of European Swordsmanship | |
Transcription | Marco Rubboli and Luca Cesari | Index:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324) |
Additional Resources
- Vadi, Filippo. Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi: 15th Century Swordsmanship of Master Filippo Vadi. Trans. Luca Porzio and Gregory Mele. Union City, CA: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2002. ISBN 978-1891448164
- Vadi, Filippo; Rubboli, Marco; and Cesari, Luca. L'arte Cavalleresca del Combattimento. Rome: Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali, 2005. ISBN 88-8474-079-7
- Windsor, Guy. Veni Vadi Vici. A Transcription, Translation and Commentary of Philippo Vadi's De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. The School of European Swordsmanship, 2013. ISBN 978-952-93-1686-1
References
- ↑ For an alternative theory as to the identity of Philippo di Vadi, see Greg Mele. "Interesting information on the Vadi family (Philippo Vadi)". HEMA Alliance Forum. 06 June 2012. Retrieved 09 October 2012.
- ↑ Vadi, Philippo di. De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi [manuscript]. MS Vitt. Em. 1324. Rome, Italy: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma, 1480s.
- ↑ Rubboli, Marco and Cesari, Luca. The Knightly Art of Combat of Filippo Vadi. Document circulated online.
- ↑ The translation of these lines was kindly done by Alan Cross, personal correspondence, 28 September 2016.
- ↑ The title that the manuscript is known by comes from this line of the book: de arte gladiatoria dimicandi. Dimicare means to fight in earnest against your enemies; l’arte gladiatoria is the art of fencing. Together, the sense is “the art of fencing in earnest against your enemies”, as opposed to fencing for fun, exercise or display.
- ↑ I am indebted to both Prof Alessandra Petrina and Tom Leoni for their suggestions on improving this section.
- ↑ The word here is ‘sacomani’ (more commonly saccomani), a kind of man at arms who follows the army looking for spoils. I think ‘scavenger’ would not be inaccurate, but clearly Vadi is laying out a hierarchy of martial prowess, with kings at the top, barons in the middle, and men at arms near the bottom. Saccomani is the lowest class of men worthy to learn the art, and so elevated above what comes to mind when we think ‘scavenger’. I’ve used the generic ‘soldier’ here. It is not a normal translation of this term, but it fits this hierarchy better.
- ↑ I, and Mele and Porzio before me (on page 41), were confounded by the page break between this line and the next. E mostrallo con breve eloquenza./La geometria che divide e parte. F3v, f4r. I am indebted to Prof Petrina for pointing out that Geometry, not the author, is the subject of the sentence. I mention this particularly because I know that many readers will trace the translation line by line, comparing it to a transcription or the scans of the ms, and may wonder why Geometry is apparently on the wrong line! It serves to illustrate the differences between the two languages, and as a reminder that similar changes to word order can be expected throughout.
- ↑ Note that on folio 28r where he gives the form of the sword to be used in armour, the crossguard is as long as the handle alone, not handle and pommel together. The images tend to suggest this latter arrangement.
- ↑ This could refer to the blade, but most practitioners believe it refers to the crossguard itself, which can indeed be sharpened for striking with, as we see in the section on combat with the sword in armour. The word is ‘ferruza’; ‘ferruzo’ means ‘a little piece of iron’, so the implication is that this would refer to the crossguard.
- ↑ si tu averai nel cervel tuo sale, lit. “if you have salt in your brain”.
- ↑ Passi o torni, lit. “pass or return.” It’s clear from the context that this means forwards or backwards. Also, on f22r of the Getty ms, Fiore describes the three turns and four steps which make up the footwork of his system. By pairing accrescere and discrescere, passare and torrnare, it’s clear that ‘passare’ is a pass forward and ‘tornare’ is a pass backward. See also f19r where ‘tornare’ is used and the fencing context makes it absolutely clear that it refers to passing back with the front foot.
- ↑ This is very obscure in the Italian. Prof. Petrina suggests: “Imbratar carte” means write a lot with little effect – it is usually said of a bad poet. So – he who wishes to oppose his own art to everybody else’s is writing a lot to no effect?” Alessandra Petrina, personal correspondence, 23rd March 2018.
- ↑ This number is written out (quarto), and does not have a roman numeral in the ms, so I have written it out here.
- ↑ The image here is of a formal duel, in which the duellists are given their choice of weapons. This indicates a specific context for this art to work in.
- ↑ Advantage of the sword is presumably length, especially in a duelling context.
- ↑ Lit. “You will make everyone scratch their own mange”
- ↑ This is a poetic image, which conveys the defeat of the ignorant by the knowledgeable.
- ↑ Erased.