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Difference between revisions of "Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)"
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| imageleft = File:MS Dresd.C.487 001v.png | | imageleft = File:MS Dresd.C.487 001v.png | ||
| imageright = File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png | | imageright = File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png | ||
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<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
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| Author(s) = {{plainlist | | Author(s) = {{plainlist | ||
| [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]] | | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]] | ||
− | | [[author::Andre | + | | [[author::Andre Lignitzer]] |
| [[author::Ott Jud]] | | [[author::Ott Jud]] | ||
| [[author::Sigmund ain Ringeck]] | | [[author::Sigmund ain Ringeck]] | ||
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<!----------Form and content----------> | <!----------Form and content----------> | ||
| Material = Paper | | Material = Paper | ||
− | | Size = 126 [[folia]] | + | | Size = 126 [[folia]] (150 mm x 110 mm) |
− | | Format = Double-sided, with black and | + | | Format = Double-sided, with black and red ink |
| Condition = | | Condition = | ||
− | | Script = | + | | Script = |
| Contents = | | Contents = | ||
| Illumination(s) = | | Illumination(s) = | ||
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'''''Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn''''' ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1504 and 1519.<ref name="date">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre."] ''Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen.'' August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Sächsische Landesbibliothek]] in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], but although his [[gloss]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's. | '''''Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn''''' ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1504 and 1519.<ref name="date">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre."] ''Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen.'' August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Sächsische Landesbibliothek]] in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], but although his [[gloss]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's. | ||
− | Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.<ref>See also [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the [[ | + | Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.<ref>See also [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.<ref>Wierschin 12-13.</ref> In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on identifying the dedicatee with Albrecht III of Bavaria and assuming it was the source for the [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Cod. 44.A.8]].<ref>Hils 54-57.</ref> However, while the original text of Ringeck's gloss may indeed date to the 15th century, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date of this manuscript through watermark analysis.<ref name="date"/> |
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
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| {{treatise begin | | {{treatise begin | ||
| title = Front matter | | title = Front matter | ||
− | | width = | + | | width = 90em |
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! | + | ! <p>Images</p> |
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p> | ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p> | ||
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png|center|300px]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png|center|300px]] |
− | | <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the chivalric art of the long sword...}}</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the chivalric art of the long sword...}}</p> |
− | | {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|002r|png|lbl=02r}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|002r|png|lbl=02r}} |
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | ! [[Andre | + | ! [[Andre Lignitzer|54r - 55v]] |
− | | [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by [[Andre | + | | [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by [[Andre Lignitzer]] |
|- | |- | ||
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}} | }} | ||
<section begin="credits1"/> | <section begin="credits1"/> | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p> | ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>28</small> | | <small>28</small> | ||
− | | If he becomes aware of it,<br/> Take off above without fear. | + | | If he becomes aware of it,<br/> Take if off above without fear. |
|} | |} | ||
− | <p>Understand this | + | <p>Understand it like this: When one strikes at you from-the-roof, strike the wrath-hew with the long edge, as he is indicating to you, into his strike, upon his sword with the long edge of you sword and with this, from that moment on, wind your point into his face with command, that is with strength. </p><section end="wrath-1"/> |
| | | | ||
− | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057r.png| | + | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057r.png|9|lbl=57r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|1|lbl=57v|p=1}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>And if he becomes aware of it | + | | <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>And if he becomes aware of it (that is, of the point) and parries it with a free displacement, then take it off above as the taking off has become indicated to you. When someone parries you freely you shall take off or deliver the strike somehow else as closely as possible on his sword. As I have indicated this to you that it more likely to happen for you than the taking-off: However he parries you, and if he will also parry this strike, then from that moment make one more or a inverted winding with a thrust or strike upon that.</p><section end="wrath-2"/> |
| | | | ||
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|1|lbl=58r|p=1}} | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|1|lbl=58r|p=1}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Also if someone strikes | + | | <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Also know, if someone strikes at you, that you can just drive the wrath-point wholly alone therein and you have also parried (when you drive it correctly as you are taught it) and is hellish to parry. When you wish to harm someone, then drive in upon them. He makes whatever he will. He strikes or thrust upon you, then he must parry it so you come to the previously depicted plays.</p><section end="wrath-3"/> |
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!-- | | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!-- | ||
--><section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/> | --><section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <section begin="crooked-1"/><p> | + | | <section begin="crooked-1"/><p>IItem. When you fence with someone, whatever they strike at you that does not come right straight from high down onto you, parry that with the crook. When the recital says: Whoever parries crooked well, disrupts many hews with stepping.<ref>matches folz's text</ref> This is if someone strikes at you, then drive crooked thereon and then hew so that you come before any work and wind your point or strike into him so he must parry you, so that you again come to more strokes that you then may execute the failer or thrust or inverted wind or otherwise stroke or fall-across when someone parries you too low or too wide forwards with the parrying.</p><section end="crooked-1"/> |
| | | | ||
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|1|lbl=58v|p=1}} | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|1|lbl=58v|p=1}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <section begin="crooked-2"/><p>Item. You shall also | + | | <section begin="crooked-2"/><p>Item. You shall also drive handsome offsettings of hews or thrusts as you are taught it such that you do not drive after it too coarsely and that your point always stands towards his face in a thrust and if it is that he strikes to the other side from your offsetting, then do not drive-after him. And wind as if you will likewise offset on the other side and remain and thrust so that you are parried and so he must rid your thrust so that you again come to your work.</p><section end="crooked-2"/> |
| | | | ||
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|1|lbl=59r|p=1}} | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|1|lbl=59r|p=1}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <section begin="crooked-3"/><p>Item. Note if someone knows something of the recital and parries your play crooked, if he also then winds-in the thrust, have respect | + | | class="noline" | <section begin="crooked-3"/><p>Item. Note if someone knows something of the recital and parries your play crooked, if he also then winds-in the thrust, have respect for that and passionlessly offset his thrust or strike and press-in your thrust or strike along-with in the same way you always work that he must parry you as surely as you him. And when you practice this yourself so that you are perfect with it when you parry someone, then you may confound and break whatever he has taken upon you because he must break off before that and parry you.</p><section end="crooked-3"/> |
− | | | + | | class="noline" | |
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059v.png|1|lbl=59v|p=1}} | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059v.png|1|lbl=59v|p=1}} | ||
<section end="Krumphaw"/> | <section end="Krumphaw"/> | ||
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| width = 60em | | width = 60em | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by "[[Alex and Almirena]]"</p> | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by "[[Alex and Almirena]]"</p> | ||
− | ! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | + | ! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
|- | |- | ||
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There are two breaks possible against the leg: | There are two breaks possible against the leg: | ||
− | | | + | | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 075v.png|2|lbl=-}} |
− | |||
− | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 075v.png|2|lbl=-}} | ||
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− | | <p>{{red|b=1|Variation on the entrance to the Fifth Death-blow}}</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|Variation on the entrance to the Fifth Death-blow}}</p> |
Seize his right arm with the left hand at the height of the biceps. Grab him around the left side with your right arm. Set your right leg just inside to his right. At the same time turn him around to your right side and seize his right leg just under the buttocks with your left hand: thus you throw him. | Seize his right arm with the left hand at the height of the biceps. Grab him around the left side with your right arm. Set your right leg just inside to his right. At the same time turn him around to your right side and seize his right leg just under the buttocks with your left hand: thus you throw him. | ||
− | | <p><br/></p> | + | | class="noline" | <p><br/></p> |
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077v.png|1|lbl=77v|p=1}} | {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077v.png|1|lbl=77v|p=1}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | ! 84r - 86v | + | ! [[Zulaufenden ringen|84r - 86v]] |
+ | | Anonymous grappling teachings (''Zulaufenden ringen'') | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! id="page" | 88r | ||
| {{treatise begin | | {{treatise begin | ||
− | | title = | + | | title = Invocation of Saint George |
− | | width = | + | | width = 90em |
}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Images</p> |
− | ! <p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p> |
− | + | ! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | |
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− | | | + | | class="noline" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|center|300px]] |
− | + | | class="noline" | <p>'''In St George's name, here begins the art.'''</p> | |
− | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|088r|png|lbl=88r}} | |
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{{treatise end}} | {{treatise end}} | ||
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* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2 | * [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2 | ||
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965. | * [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965. | ||
+ | * [[Rainer Welle|Welle, Rainer]]. ''"…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen". Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert.'' Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993. ISBN 3-89085-755-8 | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:German]] | [[Category:German]] | ||
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[[Category:Orphan]] | [[Category:Orphan]] | ||
[[Category:Grappling]] | [[Category:Grappling]] | ||
[[Category:Longsword]] | [[Category:Longsword]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:New format]] |
Revision as of 22:26, 3 June 2020
Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS Dresd.C.487, Sächsische Landesbibliothek Dresden, Germany | |||||
| |||||
| |||||
Type | |||||
Date | 1504-1519 (?) | ||||
Language(s) | Early New High German | ||||
Author(s) | |||||
Compiler | Unknown | ||||
Material | Paper | ||||
Size | 126 folia (150 mm x 110 mm) | ||||
Format | Double-sided, with black and red ink | ||||
External data | Library catalog entry | ||||
Treatise scans |
|
Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a German fencing manual created between 1504 and 1519.[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to Sigmund ain Ringeck, but although his gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's.
Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.[2] Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the MS 3227a and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.[3] In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on identifying the dedicatee with Albrecht III of Bavaria and assuming it was the source for the Cod. 44.A.8.[4] However, while the original text of Ringeck's gloss may indeed date to the 15th century, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date of this manuscript through watermark analysis.[1]
Contents
Provenance
The known provenance of the MS Dresden C.487 is:
- Created in Swabia or Bavaria using paper made between 1504 and 1519.[1]
- before 1755 – acquired by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany.[5]
- 1755-present – held by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek.
Contents
1r - 2v |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3r - 9v | Recital on long sword fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10v - 48v | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49r - 54r | Long sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54r - 55v | Sword and Buckler by Andre Lignitzer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55v - 57r | Recital on long sword fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57r - 59v |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66r - 77v |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
78r - 84r | Grappling by Ott Jud (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84r - 86v | Anonymous grappling teachings (Zulaufenden ringen) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88r |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88r - 108r | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
109r - 121v | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
122r - 125v | Four displaced pages |
Gallery
Additional Resources
- Dürer, Albrecht and Wassmannsdorff, Karl. Die Ringkunst des deutschen Mittelalters. Liepzig: Priber, 1870.
- Jaquet, Daniel; Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. 2014. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
- Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
- Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
- Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
- Wierschin, Martin. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens. München: Beck, 1965.
- Welle, Rainer. "…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen". Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993. ISBN 3-89085-755-8
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre." Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen. August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ↑ See also Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
- ↑ Wierschin 12-13.
- ↑ Hils 54-57.
- ↑ Carl August Scheureck. Catalogus manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Electoralis. [manuscript]. Bibl.Arch.I.B, Vol.132. Dresden, Germany: Sächsische Landesbibliothek, 1755. p 59
- ↑ matches folz's text
- ↑ Corrected from »sinem«.
- ↑ Or I think its more likely that the word treten here is intended to convey kicking.
- ↑ This is a tricky word it could mean illegal breaks, unnatural breaks, or opposing breaks.
- ↑ I assume this means either armoured or armed.
- ↑ Corrected from »am«.
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Sächsische Landesbibliothek | ||
Translation | Keith Farrell | Academy of Historical Arts | |
Translation | Alex and Almirena | Master Sigmund Ringeck | |
Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487) |