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<!----------Name---------->
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
| name              = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
 
| name              = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
| location          = [[inventory::MS Germ.Quart.16]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
+
| location          = [[inventory::MS germ. quart. 16]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image              =  
 
| image              =  
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| imageright        = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
| imageright        = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
| width              = x140px
 
| width              = x140px
| caption            = ff Iv - 1r
+
| caption            = ff Ⅰv - 1r
 
| keyimage          = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
| keyimage          = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::GK]]
 
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::02|2]]
 
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::02|2]]
 
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::28]]
 
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::28]]
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::38.2.2]]
+
| Beck catalog      = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/2/2 38.2.2] {{#set:BC=38.2.2}}
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Type              = {{plainlist
 
| Type              = {{plainlist
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  | [[type::Wrestling manual]]
 
  | [[type::Wrestling manual]]
 
}}
 
}}
| Date              = ca. [[year::1435-1440|1435 - 1440]]
+
| Date              = ca. [[year::1440s]]
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Early New High German]]
 
| Language(s)        = [[language::Early New High German]]
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<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| Material          =  
 
| Material          =  
| Size              = 59 [[folia]] (19.6 cm × 17.8 cm)
+
| Size              = 59 [[folia]] (178 mm × 196 mm)
| Format            = Double-sided; one illustration <br/>per side, with text below
+
| Format            = Double-sided; one illustration per side, <br/>with text below
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Script            =  
 
| Script            =  
Line 40: Line 40:
 
| Exemplar(s)        = [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5013]] (1430s)
 
| Exemplar(s)        = [[Gladiatoria (MS KK5013)|MS KK5013]] (1430s)
 
| Previously kept    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
 
| Previously kept    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
| Discovered        = [[Grzegorz Żabiński]], 1999
+
| Discovered        =  
| Website            = [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Library catalog entry]
+
| Website            = [https://katalogi.uj.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UJA/1jhsq6s/alma991015677329705067 Library catalog entry]
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
 
  | [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Digital scans]
 
  | [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Digital scans]
  | [[:Category:MS Germ.Quart.16|Digital scans]] (2400x2100)
+
  | [[:Category:MS Germ.Quart.16|Digital scans]]
 
  | [http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Gladiatoria/Gladiatoria.htm Microfilm scans]
 
  | [http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Gladiatoria/Gladiatoria.htm Microfilm scans]
 
}}
 
}}
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| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''''Gladiatoria''''' (MS German Quarto 16) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created between 1435 and 1440.<ref>The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. The MS German Quarto 16 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named. The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
+
'''''Gladiatoria''''' (MS germ. quart. 16) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1440s.<ref>The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. This manuscript is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named.
  
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of devices of [[armored fencing]] following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[longsword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fencing, but Gladiatoria skips that stage entirely.) The German Quarto 16 adds to this material a series of unique teachings on a number of other weapons.
+
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of [[armored fencing]] pieces following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[sword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
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{| class="treatise"
 
{| class="treatise"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="page" | 1r
+
! id="page" | [[Gladiatoria group|1r - 7r]]
| {{treatise begin
 
  | title = Front matter
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
 
|-
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
|-
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
|
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|01r|jpg}}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
 
 
|-
 
! [[Gladiatoria group|1v - 7r]]
 
 
| [[Spear]] in [[armor]] from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
 
| [[Spear]] in [[armor]] from ''[[Gladiatoria]]''
  
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! {{nowrap|49v - 54r}}
 
! {{nowrap|49v - 54r}}
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous devices of longshield
+
   | title = Anonymous longshield plays
 
   | width = 90em
 
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Kristopher Micozzi]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 49v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 49v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[1] Note the first element with the longshield and with the sword: take your sword inside the shield and turn the point over at him. Rush in at him and set with your bottom securely on his shield and thrust with your sword from above downward between both shields to his neck. Now note how to counter the thrust against the neck if it happens to you: strike away his sword with your shield upon the left side and thrust with your sword up and over your shield to his breast such that you have countered the initial element.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|49v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|49v|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 50r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 50r.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[2] Note the second element when you will drive it upon him: set your sword with the hilt on your breast and charge in with strength at him so that you come with your sword between both shields through to his body. Should he then thrust at you with his shield against this, then come with your shield and sword to assist so that you make a successful thrust. Now note the counter against this: displace the thrust with your sword about your left side and come with your point onto his breast such that you have broken the element that he tried to do unto you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|50r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|50r|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 50v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 50v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[3] Note the third element: take your sword forth and go with the point between both shields while rushing in. If he becomes aware of the thrust then stride quickly with your right leg about his left side and thrust him inside in his back. Now note the counter against his thrust after your back should you perceive it: strike with your shield over and down onto his sword such that you break his thrust that he wished to do and drive. Thrust then with your sword from below between both shields through to his body such that you have countered the element that he wished to do unto you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|50v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|50v|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 51r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 51r.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[4] Note the fourth element: take your sword forth and rush in at him and set your shield well on his shield striding quickly with your right leg after and thrust under your left arm at him against his right side. Now note the counter against his thrust to your right side should you perceive it: fall with your sword over atop his sword and stride in after with your right leg. Thus you have displaced and thrust him wherever you wish such that you have countered what he wished to do to you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|51r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|51r|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 51v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 51v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[5] Note the fifth element when you will drive it upon him: rush in with your shield powerfully onto his shield and thrust from above downward over his shield and hang well with your point down to his body. Now note the counter against the thrust over the shield should you perceive it: go with your shield with strength over upon his and let your shield with the lower end point about your left side driving and thrust from below between both shields to his groin such that you counter the element he wished to do to you.</p>
 +
 
 +
:This is the fifth stance with the longshield and sword which all elements and their counters belong to.
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|51v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|51v|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 52r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 52r.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[6] Note the first element of the longshield with a bind made from the over hewing: stride with your left leg forth and grip with your shield using the lower point outside in his right kneecap and wrench firmly toward yourself so that you force him onto his backside. But if he counters this: stride with your left foot forth and wind with your shield from below from your left side inside his shield and strike in with your shield toward the whole of his body where you meet. Thus you have broken the element where he wished to throw you. This element and attack belongs to the Frankish tradition with cudgel and dagger.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|52r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|52r|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 52v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 52v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[7] Note the second element in which you have bound from below on the shield: stride with your right foot forth and heave from your shield from below over his with strength and stride with your left foot forth and strike him with your shield onto his shield about his left side such that you gain an openings around his whole body. Now mark the counter against it: stride with your right foot inside his and wrench with your shield firmly inside him so that you come to his opening. Thus you have countered the element he drove against you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|52v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|52v|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 53r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 53r.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[8] Note the third element which comes out from the changing hew and when you will drive it at him: stride toward him with your right foot and hew strongly from above downward with your shield to his head, and wrench quickly toward yourself and thrust with strength with your shield in against his groin, and turn with your shield from below about your right side such that you come to the changing hew on the other side. Now note the counter against this if he drives the changing hew: so catch your strike in your shield and stride with your left foot forth such that you come inside his shield for a thrust. Thus you have countered the element he drove against you.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|53r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|53r|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 53v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 53v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>[9] Note the fourth element which comes from the middle hew with the shield: take your shield forth from yourself after the twirch(?) and look evenly upon what he will drive unto you, be it strike or thrust, and see that you foil it. Now note the counter against this: when he goes to foil what you have done, and your left foot is set forth, then strike his shield with strength about his right side and stride with your foot forth and wind with your shield from below so that you come with your shield inside his shield, exposing an opening. Thus you have countered the element.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|53v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|53v|jpg}}
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 54r.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 54r.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| class="noline" | <p>[10] Note the fifth element with the shield that comes from the plunging strike: hew and hang with your point to his face, and if he wards this with his shield, then go with your shield from below and strike him with strength to his whole body. Now note the counter against this: wind your shield from below from your right side and stride forth from him with your right foot. And grip inside with your shield to his left leg at his kneecap and stride inside him with your right leg and wrench strongly toward yourself such that you have broken his element.</p>
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|54r|jpg}}
+
 
 +
:The elements here belong to the shield and club as they are described and illustrated here.
 +
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|54r|jpg}}
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
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! 54v
 
! 54v
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous devices of sword and buckler
+
   | title = Anonymous sword and buckler play
 
   | width = 90em
 
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 54v.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 54v.jpg|400px|center]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|54v|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|54v|jpg}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
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! 55r
 
! 55r
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous devices of Messer and Hungarian shield
+
   | title = Anonymous Messer and Hungarian shield play
 
   | width = 90em
 
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>This is a stance with the Messer and also with the Hungarian shield from which all devices can derive in play and in earnest.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>This is a stance with the Messer and also with the Hungarian shield from which all pieces can derive in play and in earnest.</p>
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55r|jpg}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
Line 184: Line 181:
 
! 55v
 
! 55v
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous devices of staff
+
   | title = Anonymous staff play
 
   | width = 90em
 
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55v.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55v.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>Mark yet a stance with the staff; from there one may take all hews and all techniques and counters that pertain to the staff.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>Mark yet a stance with the staff; from there one may take all hews and all techniques and counters that pertain to the staff.</p>
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55v|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55v|jpg}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
Line 209: Line 206:
 
   | width = 90em
 
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)}}<br/>by [[Kristian&nbsp;Babic]], [[Robert&nbsp;Brunner]], [[Marion&nbsp;Freundl]], [[Alexandra&nbsp;Gießl]], [[Barbara&nbsp;Kappelmayr]], [[Julia&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Carsten&nbsp;Lorbeer]], [[Andreas&nbsp;Meier]], [[Marita&nbsp;Wiedner]]</p>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 59v.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 59v.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[Top left] Last sheet</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[Top left] Last sheet</p>
  
 
[Top right] estimated 6/1817 Berlin
 
[Top right] estimated 6/1817 Berlin
  
 
[Circular stamp] Ex Biblioth. Regia Berolinensi
 
[Circular stamp] Ex Biblioth. Regia Berolinensi
| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|59v|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|59v|jpg}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
Line 228: Line 225:
  
 
== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
 +
 +
{{collation}}
  
 
Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]].
 
Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]].
  
{{image|page=1|MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
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{{image|page=1|MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 3.jpg|Inside Cover}}
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{{image|h=1|MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 3.jpg|Inside Cover}}
{{image|page=1|MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 4.jpg|Back Cover}}
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{{image|h=1|MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 4.jpg|Back Cover}}
  
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* Cavazzuti, Carlo (in Italian). ''Gladiatoria''. Asola: Gilgamesh Edizioni, 2015. ISBN 978-88-6867-080-1
+
{{bibliography}}
* [[Dierk Hagedorn|Hagedorn, Dierk]]; [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. ''Gladiatoria. New Haven - MS U860.F46 1450.'' Herne: VS-Books, 2015. ISBN 978-3-932077-42-5
 
* [[Hans-Peter Hils|Hils, Hans-Peter]] (in German). "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts". ''Codices manuscripti'' '''13''':1-54, 1987.
 
* [[Hugh Knight|Knight, Hugh T., Jr.]] ''The Gladiatoria Fechtbuch: A Fifteenth-Century German Fight Book''. [http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/the-gladiatoria-fechtbuch/6526454 Lulu.com], 2008.
 
* [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. "Judicial Armoured Dagger Combat of ''Gladiatoria'' and ''KK 5013''." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
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  | work        = Images
 
  | work        = Images
 
  | authors    = [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]
 
  | authors    = [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]
  | source link = http://www.bj.uj.edu.pl/  
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  | source link = https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content
 
  | source title= Biblioteka Jagiellońska
 
  | source title= Biblioteka Jagiellońska
  | license    = copyrighted
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  | license    = public domain
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (49v-54r)
 +
| authors    = [[translator::Kristopher Micozzi]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Private communication
 +
| license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Translation (55r)
 
  | work        = Translation (55r)
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
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  | authors    = [[translator::Michael Chidester]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Wiktenauer
 +
| license    = noncommercial
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (55v)
 +
| authors    = [[translator::Betsy Winslow]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= Wiktenauer
 
  | source title= Wiktenauer
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{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Transcription
 
  | work        = Transcription
  | authors    = [[Kristian Babic]], [[Robert Brunner]], [[Marion Freundl]], [[Alexandra Gießl]], [[Barbara  Kappelmayr]], [[Julia Lorbeer]], [[Carsten Lorbeer]], [[Andreas Meier]], [[Marita Wiedner]]
+
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Kristian Babic]], [[transcriber::Robert Brunner]], [[transcriber::Marion Freundl]], [[transcriber::Alexandra Gießl]], [[transcriber::Barbara  Kappelmayr]], [[transcriber::Julia Lorbeer]], [[transcriber::Carsten Lorbeer]], [[transcriber::Andreas Meier]], [[transcriber::Marita Wiedner]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)]]
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[[Category:Staff Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Staff Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Sword and Buckler]]
 
[[Category:Sword and Buckler]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 18:15, 26 August 2024

Gladiatoria
MS germ. quart. 16, Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Kraków, Poland

MS Germ.Quart.16 Iv.jpg
MS Germ.Quart.16 01r.jpg
ff Ⅰv - 1r
HagedornGKLeng38.2.2
Wierschin2Hils28
Type
Date ca. 1440s
Language(s) Early New High German
Author(s) Unknown
Size 59 folia (178 mm × 196 mm)
Format Double-sided; one illustration per side,
with text below
Exemplar(s) MS KK5013 (1430s)
Previously kept Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans
Other translations Traduction française

Gladiatoria (MS germ. quart. 16) is a German fencing manual probably created in the 1440s.[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland. This manuscript is part of the Gladiatoria group, a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named.

The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of armored fencing pieces following the traditional progression of a judicial duel: beginning with spears and small shields called ecranches, moving to swords, then employing daggers on foot and on the ground. (Traditional dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ecranche is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, but not directly influenced by it.[citation needed]

Provenance

Contents

1r - 7r Spear in armor from Gladiatoria
7v - 33r Sword in armor from Gladiatoria
33v - 49r Dagger in armor from Gladiatoria
49v - 54r
54v
55r
55v
56r - 59r Wrestling from Gladiatoria
59v

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Biblioteka Jagiellońska.

Front Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 1.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 2.jpg
Ⅰr
MS Germ.Quart.16 Ir.jpg
Ⅰv
MS Germ.Quart.16 Iv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS Germ.Quart.16 01r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS Germ.Quart.16 01v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS Germ.Quart.16 02r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS Germ.Quart.16 02v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS Germ.Quart.16 03r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS Germ.Quart.16 03v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS Germ.Quart.16 04r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS Germ.Quart.16 04v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS Germ.Quart.16 05r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS Germ.Quart.16 05v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS Germ.Quart.16 06r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS Germ.Quart.16 06v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS Germ.Quart.16 07r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS Germ.Quart.16 07v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS Germ.Quart.16 08r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS Germ.Quart.16 08v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS Germ.Quart.16 09r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS Germ.Quart.16 09v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS Germ.Quart.16 10r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS Germ.Quart.16 10v.jpg
Folio 11r
MS Germ.Quart.16 11r.jpg
Folio 11v
MS Germ.Quart.16 11v.jpg
Folio 12r
MS Germ.Quart.16 12r.jpg
Folio 12v
MS Germ.Quart.16 12v.jpg
Folio 13r
MS Germ.Quart.16 13r.jpg
Folio 13v
MS Germ.Quart.16 13v.jpg
Folio 14r
MS Germ.Quart.16 14r.jpg
Folio 14v
MS Germ.Quart.16 14v.jpg
Folio 15r
MS Germ.Quart.16 15r.jpg
Folio 15v
MS Germ.Quart.16 15v.jpg
Folio 16r
MS Germ.Quart.16 16r.jpg
Folio 16v
MS Germ.Quart.16 16v.jpg
Folio 17r
MS Germ.Quart.16 17r.jpg
Folio 17v
MS Germ.Quart.16 17v.jpg
Folio 18r
MS Germ.Quart.16 18r.jpg
Folio 18v
MS Germ.Quart.16 18v.jpg
Folio 19r
MS Germ.Quart.16 19r.jpg
Folio 19v
MS Germ.Quart.16 19v.jpg
Folio 20r
MS Germ.Quart.16 20r.jpg
Folio 20v
MS Germ.Quart.16 20v.jpg
Folio 21r
MS Germ.Quart.16 21r.jpg
Folio 21v
MS Germ.Quart.16 21v.jpg
Folio 22r
MS Germ.Quart.16 22r.jpg
Folio 22v
MS Germ.Quart.16 22v.jpg
Folio 23r
MS Germ.Quart.16 23r.jpg
Folio 23v
MS Germ.Quart.16 23v.jpg
Folio 24r
MS Germ.Quart.16 24r.jpg
Folio 24v
MS Germ.Quart.16 24v.jpg
Folio 25r
MS Germ.Quart.16 25r.jpg
Folio 25v
MS Germ.Quart.16 25v.jpg
Folio 26r
MS Germ.Quart.16 26r.jpg
Folio 26v
MS Germ.Quart.16 26v.jpg
Folio 27r
MS Germ.Quart.16 27r.jpg
Folio 27v
MS Germ.Quart.16 27v.jpg
Folio 28r
MS Germ.Quart.16 28r.jpg
Folio 28v
MS Germ.Quart.16 28v.jpg
Folio 29r
MS Germ.Quart.16 29r.jpg
Folio 29v
MS Germ.Quart.16 29v.jpg
Folio 30r
MS Germ.Quart.16 30r.jpg
Folio 30v
MS Germ.Quart.16 30v.jpg
Folio 31r
MS Germ.Quart.16 31r.jpg
Folio 31v
MS Germ.Quart.16 31v.jpg
Folio 32r
MS Germ.Quart.16 32r.jpg
Folio 32v
MS Germ.Quart.16 32v.jpg
Folio 33r
MS Germ.Quart.16 33r.jpg
Folio 33v
MS Germ.Quart.16 33v.jpg
Folio 34r
MS Germ.Quart.16 34r.jpg
Folio 34v
MS Germ.Quart.16 34v.jpg
Folio 35r
MS Germ.Quart.16 35r.jpg
Folio 35v
MS Germ.Quart.16 35v.jpg
Folio 36r
MS Germ.Quart.16 36r.jpg
Folio 36v
MS Germ.Quart.16 36v.jpg
Folio 37r
MS Germ.Quart.16 37r.jpg
Folio 37v
MS Germ.Quart.16 37v.jpg
Folio 38r
MS Germ.Quart.16 38r.jpg
Folio 38v
MS Germ.Quart.16 38v.jpg
Folio 39r
MS Germ.Quart.16 39r.jpg
Folio 39v
MS Germ.Quart.16 39v.jpg
Folio 40r
MS Germ.Quart.16 40r.jpg
Folio 40v
MS Germ.Quart.16 40v.jpg
Folio 41r
MS Germ.Quart.16 41r.jpg
Folio 41v
MS Germ.Quart.16 41v.jpg
Folio 42r
MS Germ.Quart.16 42r.jpg
Folio 42v
MS Germ.Quart.16 42v.jpg
Folio 43r
MS Germ.Quart.16 43r.jpg
Folio 43v
MS Germ.Quart.16 43v.jpg
Folio 44r
MS Germ.Quart.16 44r.jpg
Folio 44v
MS Germ.Quart.16 44v.jpg
Folio 45r
MS Germ.Quart.16 45r.jpg
Folio 45v
MS Germ.Quart.16 45v.jpg
Folio 46r
MS Germ.Quart.16 46r.jpg
Folio 46v
MS Germ.Quart.16 46v.jpg
Folio 47r
MS Germ.Quart.16 47r.jpg
Folio 47v
MS Germ.Quart.16 47v.jpg
Folio 48r
MS Germ.Quart.16 48r.jpg
Folio 48v
MS Germ.Quart.16 48v.jpg
Folio 49r
MS Germ.Quart.16 49r.jpg
Folio 49v
MS Germ.Quart.16 49v.jpg
Folio 50r
MS Germ.Quart.16 50r.jpg
Folio 50v
MS Germ.Quart.16 50v.jpg
Folio 51r
MS Germ.Quart.16 51r.jpg
Folio 51v
MS Germ.Quart.16 51v.jpg
Folio 52r
MS Germ.Quart.16 52r.jpg
Folio 52v
MS Germ.Quart.16 52v.jpg
Folio 53r
MS Germ.Quart.16 53r.jpg
Folio 53v
MS Germ.Quart.16 53v.jpg
Folio 54r
MS Germ.Quart.16 54r.jpg
Folio 54v
MS Germ.Quart.16 54v.jpg
Folio 55r
MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg
Folio 55v
MS Germ.Quart.16 55v.jpg
Folio 56r
MS Germ.Quart.16 56r.jpg
Folio 56v
MS Germ.Quart.16 56v.jpg
Folio 57r
MS Germ.Quart.16 57r.jpg
Folio 57v
MS Germ.Quart.16 57v.jpg
Folio 58r
MS Germ.Quart.16 58r.jpg
Folio 58v
MS Germ.Quart.16 58v.jpg
Folio 59r
MS Germ.Quart.16 59r.jpg
Folio 59v
MS Germ.Quart.16 59v.jpg
Folio 60r
MS Germ.Quart.16 60r.jpg
Folio 60v
MS Germ.Quart.16 60v.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 3.jpg
Back Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 4.jpg

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.
  2. twirch nicht ganz eindeutig zu lesen, twirrch ?

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Biblioteka Jagiellońska Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Public Domain.png
Translation (49v-54r) Kristopher Micozzi Private communication
CCBYNCSA30.png
Translation (55r) Michael Chidester Wiktenauer
CCBYNCSA30.png
Translation (55v) Betsy Winslow Wiktenauer
CCBYNCSA30.png
Transcription Kristian Babic, Robert Brunner, Marion Freundl, Alexandra Gießl, Barbara Kappelmayr, Julia Lorbeer, Carsten Lorbeer, Andreas Meier, Marita Wiedner Index:Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)
Copyrighted.png