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<!----------Name---------->
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
| name              = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
 
| name              = [[name::Gladiatoria]]
| location          = [[inventory::MS Germ.Quart.16]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
+
| location          = [[inventory::MS germ. quart. 16]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image              =  
 
| image              =  
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| keyimage          = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
| keyimage          = File:MS Germ.Quart.16 1r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::GK]]
 
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::02|2]]
 
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::02|2]]
 
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::28]]
 
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::28]]
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::38.2.2]]
+
| Beck catalog      = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/2/2 38.2.2] {{#set:BC=38.2.2}}
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Type              = {{plainlist
 
| Type              = {{plainlist
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| Previously kept    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
 
| Previously kept    = [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]]
 
| Discovered        =  
 
| Discovered        =  
| Website            = [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Library catalog entry]
+
| Website            = [https://katalogi.uj.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UJA/1jhsq6s/alma991015677329705067 Library catalog entry]
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
 
| Images            = {{plainlist
 
  | [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Digital scans]
 
  | [http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/284599/content Digital scans]
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| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''''Gladiatoria''''' (MS Germ. quart. 16) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1440s.<ref>The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. The MS Germ. quart. 16 is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named.
+
'''''Gladiatoria''''' (MS germ. quart. 16) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] probably created in the 1440s.<ref>The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. This manuscript is part of the [[Gladiatoria group]], a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named.
  
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of devices of [[armored fencing]] following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[longsword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
+
The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of [[armored fencing]] pieces following the traditional progression of a [[judicial duel]]: beginning with [[spear]]s and small [[shield]]s called ''ecranches'', moving to [[sword]]s, then employing [[dagger]]s on foot and [[wrestling|on the ground]]. (Traditional dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ''ecranche'' is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], but not directly influenced by it.{{cn}}
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg|400px|center]]
| class="noline" | <p>This is a stance with the Messer and also with the Hungarian shield from which all devices can derive in play and in earnest.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>This is a stance with the Messer and also with the Hungarian shield from which all pieces can derive in play and in earnest.</p>
 
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55r|jpg}}
 
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.16|55r|jpg}}
 
|}
 
|}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* Cavazzuti, Carlo (in Italian). ''Gladiatoria''. Asola: Gilgamesh Edizioni, 2015. ISBN 978-88-6867-080-1
+
{{bibliography}}
* [[Hans-Peter Hils|Hils, Hans-Peter]] (in German). "Gladiatoria: Über drei Fechthandschriften aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts". ''Codices manuscripti'' '''13''':1-54, 1987.
 
* [[Hugh Knight|Knight, Hugh T., Jr.]] ''The Gladiatoria Fechtbuch: A Fifteenth-Century German Fight Book''. Self-published, 2008.
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Lance, Spear, Sword, & Messer: A German Medieval Martial Arts Miscellany''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2022. ISBN 978-1-937439-64-4
 
* [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. "Judicial Armoured Dagger Combat of ''Gladiatoria'' and ''KK 5013''." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Latest revision as of 18:15, 26 August 2024

Gladiatoria
MS germ. quart. 16, Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Kraków, Poland

MS Germ.Quart.16 Iv.jpg
MS Germ.Quart.16 01r.jpg
ff Ⅰv - 1r
HagedornGKLeng38.2.2
Wierschin2Hils28
Type
Date ca. 1440s
Language(s) Early New High German
Author(s) Unknown
Size 59 folia (178 mm × 196 mm)
Format Double-sided; one illustration per side,
with text below
Exemplar(s) MS KK5013 (1430s)
Previously kept Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans
Other translations Traduction française

Gladiatoria (MS germ. quart. 16) is a German fencing manual probably created in the 1440s.[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland. This manuscript is part of the Gladiatoria group, a series of several German manuscripts from the 15th century that share the same art style and cover the same material, and is the manuscript for which the complex is named.

The core of the Gladiatoria group is a series of armored fencing pieces following the traditional progression of a judicial duel: beginning with spears and small shields called ecranches, moving to swords, then employing daggers on foot and on the ground. (Traditional dueling would often begin on horseback before going to foot combat, and the ecranche is designed for mounted fighting, but Gladiatoria seems to skip that stage entirely.) The Gladiatoria manuals are interesting texts in that they seem to be contemporary with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, but not directly influenced by it.[citation needed]

Provenance

Contents

1r - 7r Spear in armor from Gladiatoria
7v - 33r Sword in armor from Gladiatoria
33v - 49r Dagger in armor from Gladiatoria
49v - 54r
54v
55r
55v
56r - 59r Wrestling from Gladiatoria
59v

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Biblioteka Jagiellońska.

Front Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 1.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 2.jpg
Ⅰr
MS Germ.Quart.16 Ir.jpg
Ⅰv
MS Germ.Quart.16 Iv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS Germ.Quart.16 01r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS Germ.Quart.16 01v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS Germ.Quart.16 02r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS Germ.Quart.16 02v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS Germ.Quart.16 03r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS Germ.Quart.16 03v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS Germ.Quart.16 04r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS Germ.Quart.16 04v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS Germ.Quart.16 05r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS Germ.Quart.16 05v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS Germ.Quart.16 06r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS Germ.Quart.16 06v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS Germ.Quart.16 07r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS Germ.Quart.16 07v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS Germ.Quart.16 08r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS Germ.Quart.16 08v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS Germ.Quart.16 09r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS Germ.Quart.16 09v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS Germ.Quart.16 10r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS Germ.Quart.16 10v.jpg
Folio 11r
MS Germ.Quart.16 11r.jpg
Folio 11v
MS Germ.Quart.16 11v.jpg
Folio 12r
MS Germ.Quart.16 12r.jpg
Folio 12v
MS Germ.Quart.16 12v.jpg
Folio 13r
MS Germ.Quart.16 13r.jpg
Folio 13v
MS Germ.Quart.16 13v.jpg
Folio 14r
MS Germ.Quart.16 14r.jpg
Folio 14v
MS Germ.Quart.16 14v.jpg
Folio 15r
MS Germ.Quart.16 15r.jpg
Folio 15v
MS Germ.Quart.16 15v.jpg
Folio 16r
MS Germ.Quart.16 16r.jpg
Folio 16v
MS Germ.Quart.16 16v.jpg
Folio 17r
MS Germ.Quart.16 17r.jpg
Folio 17v
MS Germ.Quart.16 17v.jpg
Folio 18r
MS Germ.Quart.16 18r.jpg
Folio 18v
MS Germ.Quart.16 18v.jpg
Folio 19r
MS Germ.Quart.16 19r.jpg
Folio 19v
MS Germ.Quart.16 19v.jpg
Folio 20r
MS Germ.Quart.16 20r.jpg
Folio 20v
MS Germ.Quart.16 20v.jpg
Folio 21r
MS Germ.Quart.16 21r.jpg
Folio 21v
MS Germ.Quart.16 21v.jpg
Folio 22r
MS Germ.Quart.16 22r.jpg
Folio 22v
MS Germ.Quart.16 22v.jpg
Folio 23r
MS Germ.Quart.16 23r.jpg
Folio 23v
MS Germ.Quart.16 23v.jpg
Folio 24r
MS Germ.Quart.16 24r.jpg
Folio 24v
MS Germ.Quart.16 24v.jpg
Folio 25r
MS Germ.Quart.16 25r.jpg
Folio 25v
MS Germ.Quart.16 25v.jpg
Folio 26r
MS Germ.Quart.16 26r.jpg
Folio 26v
MS Germ.Quart.16 26v.jpg
Folio 27r
MS Germ.Quart.16 27r.jpg
Folio 27v
MS Germ.Quart.16 27v.jpg
Folio 28r
MS Germ.Quart.16 28r.jpg
Folio 28v
MS Germ.Quart.16 28v.jpg
Folio 29r
MS Germ.Quart.16 29r.jpg
Folio 29v
MS Germ.Quart.16 29v.jpg
Folio 30r
MS Germ.Quart.16 30r.jpg
Folio 30v
MS Germ.Quart.16 30v.jpg
Folio 31r
MS Germ.Quart.16 31r.jpg
Folio 31v
MS Germ.Quart.16 31v.jpg
Folio 32r
MS Germ.Quart.16 32r.jpg
Folio 32v
MS Germ.Quart.16 32v.jpg
Folio 33r
MS Germ.Quart.16 33r.jpg
Folio 33v
MS Germ.Quart.16 33v.jpg
Folio 34r
MS Germ.Quart.16 34r.jpg
Folio 34v
MS Germ.Quart.16 34v.jpg
Folio 35r
MS Germ.Quart.16 35r.jpg
Folio 35v
MS Germ.Quart.16 35v.jpg
Folio 36r
MS Germ.Quart.16 36r.jpg
Folio 36v
MS Germ.Quart.16 36v.jpg
Folio 37r
MS Germ.Quart.16 37r.jpg
Folio 37v
MS Germ.Quart.16 37v.jpg
Folio 38r
MS Germ.Quart.16 38r.jpg
Folio 38v
MS Germ.Quart.16 38v.jpg
Folio 39r
MS Germ.Quart.16 39r.jpg
Folio 39v
MS Germ.Quart.16 39v.jpg
Folio 40r
MS Germ.Quart.16 40r.jpg
Folio 40v
MS Germ.Quart.16 40v.jpg
Folio 41r
MS Germ.Quart.16 41r.jpg
Folio 41v
MS Germ.Quart.16 41v.jpg
Folio 42r
MS Germ.Quart.16 42r.jpg
Folio 42v
MS Germ.Quart.16 42v.jpg
Folio 43r
MS Germ.Quart.16 43r.jpg
Folio 43v
MS Germ.Quart.16 43v.jpg
Folio 44r
MS Germ.Quart.16 44r.jpg
Folio 44v
MS Germ.Quart.16 44v.jpg
Folio 45r
MS Germ.Quart.16 45r.jpg
Folio 45v
MS Germ.Quart.16 45v.jpg
Folio 46r
MS Germ.Quart.16 46r.jpg
Folio 46v
MS Germ.Quart.16 46v.jpg
Folio 47r
MS Germ.Quart.16 47r.jpg
Folio 47v
MS Germ.Quart.16 47v.jpg
Folio 48r
MS Germ.Quart.16 48r.jpg
Folio 48v
MS Germ.Quart.16 48v.jpg
Folio 49r
MS Germ.Quart.16 49r.jpg
Folio 49v
MS Germ.Quart.16 49v.jpg
Folio 50r
MS Germ.Quart.16 50r.jpg
Folio 50v
MS Germ.Quart.16 50v.jpg
Folio 51r
MS Germ.Quart.16 51r.jpg
Folio 51v
MS Germ.Quart.16 51v.jpg
Folio 52r
MS Germ.Quart.16 52r.jpg
Folio 52v
MS Germ.Quart.16 52v.jpg
Folio 53r
MS Germ.Quart.16 53r.jpg
Folio 53v
MS Germ.Quart.16 53v.jpg
Folio 54r
MS Germ.Quart.16 54r.jpg
Folio 54v
MS Germ.Quart.16 54v.jpg
Folio 55r
MS Germ.Quart.16 55r.jpg
Folio 55v
MS Germ.Quart.16 55v.jpg
Folio 56r
MS Germ.Quart.16 56r.jpg
Folio 56v
MS Germ.Quart.16 56v.jpg
Folio 57r
MS Germ.Quart.16 57r.jpg
Folio 57v
MS Germ.Quart.16 57v.jpg
Folio 58r
MS Germ.Quart.16 58r.jpg
Folio 58v
MS Germ.Quart.16 58v.jpg
Folio 59r
MS Germ.Quart.16 59r.jpg
Folio 59v
MS Germ.Quart.16 59v.jpg
Folio 60r
MS Germ.Quart.16 60r.jpg
Folio 60v
MS Germ.Quart.16 60v.jpg
Inside Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 3.jpg
Back Cover
MS Germ.Quart.16 Cover 4.jpg

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. The date is based on the style of armor used in the illustrations.
  2. twirch nicht ganz eindeutig zu lesen, twirrch ?

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Biblioteka Jagiellońska Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Public Domain.png
Translation (49v-54r) Kristopher Micozzi Private communication
CCBYNCSA30.png
Translation (55r) Michael Chidester Wiktenauer
CCBYNCSA30.png
Translation (55v) Betsy Winslow Wiktenauer
CCBYNCSA30.png
Transcription Kristian Babic, Robert Brunner, Marion Freundl, Alexandra Gießl, Barbara Kappelmayr, Julia Lorbeer, Carsten Lorbeer, Andreas Meier, Marita Wiedner Index:Gladiatoria (MS Germ.Quart.16)
Copyrighted.png